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Whiting, Gloria McCahon. ""Endearing Ties": Black Family Life in Early New England." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493445.
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This dissertation explores the attempts of Africans, both enslaved and free, to create and maintain families in seventeenth- and eighteenth-century New England. It makes sense of a remarkable array of historical actors: men like Thomas Bedunah, who plotted a surprising course for his descendants when he chose a spouse of English descent; women like Cuba Vassall, who let her husband secure her firmly in bondage at the very moment the region’s blacks were being freed en masse; and a pair like Mark and Phoebe, who fed their master porridge laced with “Potter’s Lead” in hopes that his death would enable them to find owners closer to their distant families. Pulling together thousands of fragments of evidence, this dissertation contextualizes the everyday lives and beleaguered intimacies of these Africans and many others, revealing patterns in their living situations, gendered relationships, and kin communities that historians have never before recognized. At the same time, the project advances historical arguments related to a range of issues, from the relationship between family and freedom in early New England to the influence of patriarchy on enslaved kin groups in Anglo-America. The project sets forth methodological arguments as well. Contending that historical method has an important bearing on the ability of scholars to understand and portray slaves as fully human, with complete life spans and complicated contexts, “Endearing Ties” makes a case for the importance of reconstructing the lives and trajectories of enslaved individuals in great depth, despite the archival challenges that such an undertaking inevitably entails.History
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Mathien, Julie. "Children, families, and institutions in late 19th and early 20th century Ontario." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ58891.pdf.
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Gruntner, Holly. "“Defenceless Wives” and “Female Furies” / Botany and the Early American Family." W&M ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1516639671.
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“Defenceless Wives” and “Female Furies”: Late Eighteenth Century Periodicals’ Depictions of Frontier Women The frontier had a firm hold on late eighteenth century popular imagination, trailing through newspapers and magazines of the era, which included, time after time, prominent accounts of the women who had made their homes on the outskirts of the “settled” colonies and early republic. My project examines the ways in which eighteenth century newspapers and magazines discussed frontier women’s experiences. Periodicals sought through their representations of women to illustrate the perils of the frontier by dramatizing women’s tales of trauma and woe, appropriating them in order to generate arguments in favor of political and military causes: anti-British sentiments, the Revolutionary War, and campaigns against Native Americans. Pursuing a multicultural consideration of the frontier, my paper compares the ways in which periodicals discussed white and Native American frontier women’s experiences. Ultimately, I demonstrate the pervasiveness of the female frontier in eighteenth century popular culture. Botany and the Early American Family as botany became increasingly popular and formalized in the eighteenth century, several well-known British North American botanists emerged, including Cadwallader Colden, William Byrd II, and John Bartram. These men collected, named, and categorized the flora of the New World, exchanging specimens and ideas with members of the British Royal Society. While historians have commonly portrayed these and other early American botanists as working alone or in the company of other learned men, I argue that scholarship of early botany has missed the most local of knowledge producers: the family. Early American botanists – and the knowledge they proliferated – were dependent upon family labor and connections. Participating family members included immediate family (spouses and children), as well as members of their household (slaves and servants) and kin who lived far away. My paper illustrates the ways in which botanists’ families assisted them in their projects. It demonstrates the importance of botanical knowledge production undertaken by entire families to our understanding of early American botany.
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Fink, de Backer Stephanie. "Widows at the nexus of family and community in early modern Castile." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289931.
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Widows as individuals and as a social group held fundamental importance to both the family and civic life of early modern Castile. Archival sources indicate that widows' influence throughout all levels of Castilian society was magnified by their relative degree of legal autonomy, combined with a tacit acceptance of women's activities in many areas of familial and municipal life. The use of documents more closely reflecting women's daily activities allows for contextualization of the complex impact of moral and legal rhetoric on the social construction of widowhood, providing concrete examples of widows' practical and often highly tactical employment, evasion, and/or manipulation of patriarchal and moral norms. The experience of widowhood both forces a re-examination of gender boundaries by questioning current theories of female enclosure and demands a re-evaluation of gendered patterns in expressions of patronage and parentage. Marital status and social class become more important that the gendered moral and legal strictures of an apparently patriarchal society in terms of early modern women's ability to take part in a wide range of activities normally not considered possible for their sex. Toledo's widows challenge public/private spheres models by giving evidence of the public nature of private lives and the private ends of public acts. Examining widows' lives provides insight into the complex mechanisms lying behind the formulation of gender boundaries in the early modern world and the pragmatic politics of everyday life at the nexus of family and community.
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Buchanan, J. E. "The Colleton family and the early history of South Carolina and Barbados: 1646-1775." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329665.
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Holland, Brenna O'Rourke. "Free Market Family: Gender, Capitalism, & the Life of Stephen Girard." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2014. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/287455.
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HistoryPh.D.
This dissertation is a cultural biography of merchant banker Stephen Girard that explores the origins of the mythology as well as the mechanics of capitalism as it functioned on the streets and in the homes of early national Philadelphia. By tracing changes in Stephen Girard's family, both traditional and improvisational, from the 1770s to his death in 1831 and beyond, this project examines how Girard repeatedly capitalized on his family to take commercial risks, reinventing what family meant in a transforming economy. Telling overlapping stories of Girard's family and businesses, including trade networks reaching from Europe, the Caribbean, and China to the United States, I argue that an Atlantic-American culture of capitalism developed at the intersection of the family and the market. Episodes that show the salience and limits of familial bonds in a turbulent economy include Girard's risky commercial strategies during the American Revolution that relied on his brother in Saint-Domingue, and tenuous rationalities of the market and marriage that collided when his wife supposedly went insane. After his public involvement in Philadelphia's yellow fever epidemics of the 1790s, Girard learned that institutions could do the work of families. Applying this lesson to the national political economy, Girard refashioned the Bank of the United States into the Bank of Stephen Girard and lent the U.S. Treasury over one million dollars to help fund the War of 1812. Well before his death in 1831, Girard was one of the wealthiest men in the nation. His will altered the shape and flow of Philadelphia, with repercussions for inheritance and corporate law through the twentieth century. By juxtaposing Girard's personal and public lives, this dissertation integrates scholarship on the market economy with that on gender and the family to better understand the expansion of a culture of capitalism in the early American Republic. Under capitalism, people and relationships were fungible in new and important ways. In telling the story of Stephen Girard, this dissertation follows a central, but overlooked, player in the early American and Atlantic economy in order to explain the paradoxical relationship between capitalism and liberty.
Temple University--Theses
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Littler, Susan E. "Early family trauma: a comparison between adults with schizophrenia and depression." University of Southern Queensland, Faculty of Sciences, 2006. http://eprints.usq.edu.au/archive/00002495/.
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[Abstract]: This study explores similarities and differences in the early family history of an adult group with schizophrenia, and a matched group with major depression. Attachment theory, trauma theory and their relation to serious mental illnesses are used to understand the clinical participants’ reported early traumatic experiences of emotional deprivation and neglect.A retrospective design includes self-report questionnaires from clinical participants, and semi-structured interviews with participants’ mothers/primary caregivers.Data analysis includes:1. Assessment of matched participants’ reported prevalence of emotional deprivation and neglect in four different age groups;2. Assessment of themes of early family trauma and sequelae from the mother interviews;3. Qualitative analysis of sample mother/primary caregiver interviews from each diagnostic group of the manner in which the interviewees construct their stories around trauma;4. Quantitative analysis of a conceptualised model representing the arguments developed in the body of this dissertation.The second and third forms of analysis above include a panel of three experts, blind to diagnosis, validating this researcher’s findings.Standard multiple regression analysis indicates participants’ reported neglect across all age groups significantly predicts emotional deprivation, with neglect contributing 27.4% of the variability, but with no individual age band contributing significantly to the equation.Themes from the mother interviews are clustered into three constructs, guided by the research questions and this researcher’s clinical experience, the mothers’ emphases and the expert panel into Early Family Trauma, Maternal Fatigue, and Clinical Participants’ Early Attachment Difficulties.The mothers’ manner of discussing early family trauma is defined via speech markers as dissociative (disorganised, incoherent, and unresolved) or coherent (grounded, sequential and resolved) according to Attachment Theory and the literature on dissociation. Speakers are assigned as using dissociation or not as a categorical variable.A model is conceptualised to represent the interrelatedness of data from the participants and their mothers, including the manner in which the mothers relate early family trauma. Canonical Discriminant Function Analysis indicates that early family trauma and maternal fatigue discriminate little between diagnostic groups and that maternal non-resolution of early traumatic events and (possibly related) participant offspring attachment difficulties contribute most to distinguishing between the two diagnostic groups. Finally, a greater number of participants from the schizophrenia sample than from the depression sample continue to live with mother, possibly indicating that the early attachment difficulties remain unresolved.Discussion offers a reconceptualisation of several major and/or established theories concerning risk factors in schizophrenia, and examines shortcomings in the literature, concluding with suggestions for future research.
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Keep, Rosemary Isabel. "Facing the family : group portraits and the construction of identity within early modern families." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8463/.
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This thesis draws together material and archival sources to investigate the long-overlooked portraits of English provincial gentry families commissioned between c.1550 and c.1680. Specifically, its focus is on portraits of family groups where more than one generation, connected through blood or kinship, is depicted in the same composition. The thesis identifies these as a coherent genre for the first time and examines the ways in which the gentry used such paintings to establish familial legacy and heritage for future generations. This thesis explains how these portraits respond to, and reflect, family memory and narratives, social networks, local histories, religious observance and artistic developments. They are important because the family, as the basic unit of society, was essential for the formation and transmission of belief and identity, and the place where children were socialised. The portraits simultaneously reflect broad social trends while also containing personal messages about the lives and relationships of individual families which were specific to their own particular place and time. The thesis argues for the significance of visual artworks and especially this genre of painting, in the construction of gentry status and self-fashioning over this key period of social change.
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Dean, Amy K. Rogers. "Family, property, and negotiations of authority| Francoise Brulart and the estate management of noble women in early modern Burgundy." Thesis, Purdue University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3686885.
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There is no question that early modern France was a patriarchal society. In fact, during this period, there was an increase in legislation further subordinating women under the authority of their fathers and then of their husbands. The legal identities of women as daughters and wives was officially negligible. However, this dissertation argues that in practice, family needs trumped the constricting legal prescriptions placed upon women. In examining the estate accounts, contracts, and family papers of the Saulx-Tavanes, Brulart, Le Goux, Joly, Marmier, and Baissey families, it is abundantly clear that women of both the noblesse de robe and noblesse d'épée were actively engaged in estate management which required negotiations of the legal hurdles placed in front of them. At least unofficially noblemen expected their wives to enter marriage armed with a cadre of managerial skills to be employed for the good of the family during their marriage and if necessary after. Furthermore, noble husbands, many of whom were legists themselves, seemed to have fully embraced women's negotiations of familial authority as commonplace.
Françoise Brulart was a member of the noblesse de robe in Burgundy, albeit of the highest echelon, who married a prominent member of the noblesse d'épée, Claude de Saulx-Tavanes. From the onset of their marriage, Françoise and Claude worked together in a sort of collaborative partnership, one in which he clearly depended on her to take an active role in co-managing the estate and family economy. Upon his death, rather than naming a male relative as the trustee over his properties, he left Françoise in charge. In her viduity, she increased her assiduous estate administration while successfully continuing to promote and defend the family rights and assets. Françoise's experiences and agency were far from singular. Through the analysis of documents involving not only Françoise Brulart, but also those of Louise Joly, Anne de Marmier and Anne de Baissey, it is clear that both in marriage and in widowhood, family success and advancement relied on the ability of noble women to administer the estates frugally, and to sustain, and if possible to grow, the family assets.
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Campbell, Linda. "Sir Roger Townshend and his family a study of gentry life in early seventeenth century Norfolk /." Thesis, Online version, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?did=1&uin=uk.bl.ethos.238665.
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Plank, Ezra Lincoln. "Creating perfect families: French Reformed Churches and family formation, 1559-1685." Diss., University of Iowa, 2013. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1727.
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Although the eruption of religious dissent in Germany touched off by Martin Luther in 1517 began as a theological disagreement, the ensuring years would reveal that these religious ideas had important social consequences. They set into motion a process of reordering society and forming of confessional identities that had significant implications for the nuclear family. Reflecting John Calvin's assertion that "every individual Family ought to be a Little Church of Christ," Reformed Protestants sought to transform nuclear families into spiritual communities, creating domestic microcosms of the larger church.
This project examines the religious formation of families among the French Reformed (Huguenot) Churches, demonstrating that this was a cultural offensive as much as it was a religious one. Huguenot leaders wanted far more than their congregants to attend church: this programme transformed the roles and responsibilities of family members, shaped the activities and routines of the household, circumscribed and defined the appropriate associations of family members, and reorganized the family schedule. This study illuminates the Huguenots' conception of a "holy household" by analyzing the four primary characteristics of these godly families - ordered, educational, pure, and pious - and describes how they were conceived of and implemented in Reformed communities across early modern France.
In order to provide a comprehensive understanding of the French Reformed family, this dissertation bridges the divide between intellectual history and social history. There was no greater intellectual source for French Protestantism than John Calvin and Geneva: Calvin was one of the primary theologians influencing the development of Protestantism in France, and the Genevan Church served as an advisor and template for many of the Huguenot churches. Accordingly, each chapter examines in depth the theological underpinnings of this effort, analyzing Calvin's sermons, commentaries, Institutes of the Christian Religion, and written correspondence with leaders of the Huguenot churches. This investigation, in turn, provides an understanding of the religious sources for this new emphasis holy family and domestic piety in France, without which it would be impossible to fully appreciate.
To balance these prescriptive sources, I analyze descriptive records to understand how the actual reform of the family was carried out on the local level. In particular, my research relies extensively on church discipline records (consistory registers) from churches throughout France: Albenc (1606-1682), Archiac (1600-1637), Blois (1574-1579), Coutras (1582-1584), Die (1639-1686), Le Mans (1560-1561), Mussidan (1593-1599), Nîmes (1561-1564), Pont-de-Camares (1574-1579), Rochechouart (1596-1635), and Saint-Gervais (1564-1568). These records reveal the complex and messy manner of this reform, which was often marked by contestation and negotiation. Throughout, I compare these records to Genevan discipline records to compare and contrast how Calvin's own church instituted this familial reform in the Genevan context. My project, in sum, reveals the heretofore overlooked religious role and significance of the family and home in Reformed churches of early modern France.
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Bond, Elizabeth Anne. "The Revolutionary Writings of Mary and Royall Tyler: Marital, Medical, and Political Discourse in an Early-Nineteenth-Century Family." W&M ScholarWorks, 2008. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539626564.
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Van, Gilder Erin. "Tackling the Taboo: A Cross-Generational Study of the Adams-Smith Family and Their Moral Struggle with Alcoholism." Otterbein University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=otbnhonors1620461042261468.
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Sokoll, Thomas. "Household and family among the poor : the case of two Essex communities in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/272610.
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Rajalin, Mia. "Distal risk factors, interpersonal functioning & family skills training in attempted suicide." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Psykiatri, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-129648.
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Background Suicidal behavior is an important global health problem affecting also significant others. Both genetic and environmental influences play an important role in the development of suicidal behavior. There is a need of interventions for family and friends after a suicide attempt. The aim of this thesis was to assess the impact of family history of suicide (FHS) and early life adversity (ELA) on severity of suicidal behavior and on level of interpersonal problems in suicide attempters. Furthermore it aimed to evaluate a DBT-based skills training program, Family Connections (FC), for relatives and friends of suicide attempters. Methods Studies I and II included 181 suicide attempters. FHS was assessed with the Karolinska Self-Harm History Interview or in patient records. ELA was assessed with the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) measuring exposure to interpersonal violence in childhood. Suicide intent was measured with the Freeman scale. Interpersonal problems were assessed with the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). Study III, a pilot study evaluating the effect of FC for family members of suicide attempters, included 13 participants who completed the program with pre- and post-questionnaires. The experience of burden was assessed with the Burden Assessment Scale (BAS), general wellbeing with Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) and level of depression was assessed with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI). The Swedish scale Questions About Family Members (QAFM) was used to explore the quality of the participants’ relationship with the patient and the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI) was used to measure satisfaction with life situation. Study IV included 132 family members, and investigated the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of FC in psychiatric care. Participants were assessed pre- and post-intervention with the following self-report questionnaires: BAS, QAFM and Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire. Results Male suicide attempters with FHS made more serious and well planned suicide attempts and had higher suicide risk. FHS and exposure to interpersonal violence as a child were independent predictors of suicide in male suicide attempters. Regarding interpersonal problems, suicide attempters with FHS had significantly more often an intrusive personal style, indicating that they might have an impaired ability to create stable, long-lasting relationships. In the pilot study the participants reported a significant reduction in burden, an improved psychic health and an improvement in the relationship with the patient after completing FC. In the fourth study, FC showed to be feasible and effectively implemented in a psychiatric outpatient services clinic. Regarding burden, results were in line with the pilot study, with a significant reduction in all subscales in BAS. Conclusions High-risk patients call for a consideration of both ELA and FHS in clinical suicide risk assessment. In suicide attempters at biological risk, suicide might be prevented with the early recognition of environmental risks. Further, the interpersonal problems associated with FHS may cause difficulties for suicide attempters to accept or benefit from treatment, and caregivers should take into account the characteristics of the suicide attempter´s interpersonal functioning. The results from the pilot study provide support for the need and importance of an educational program addressed specifically to family members of suicide attempters. Preliminary results support the feasibility and potential value of an implementation of FC in psychiatric open care clinics.
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Uluduz, Ozlem. "Changing Patterns Of Marriage And Family In England From The Late Medieval To The Early Modern Ages." Master's thesis, METU, 2003. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/761387/index.pdf.
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ABSTRACT
CHANGING PATTERNS OF MARRIAGE AND FAMILY IN ENGLAND FROM THE LATE MEDIEVAL TO THE EARLY MODERN AGES
ULUDÜZ, Ö
ZLEM M.S. Department of History Supervisor: Assist. Prof. Dr. Recep Boztemur August 2003, 132 pages This thesis analyzes the changing patterns of the institutions of family and marriage in England. The period covers the late medieval ages to the early modern ages until the middle of the eighteenth century, 1753, which represents the acceptance of an important Act on marriage by the English Parliament that ended ambiguities on the law of marriage. This study attempts to investigate the family institution and marriage practices of England, which represented a different character from other European countries throughout the period. Many important historical factors occurred throughout the period, which influenced the family structure and marriage practices such as the Reformation. Within this framework, throughout this thesis, the religious, political, economic and social factors that paved the way for transition in family and marriage will be analyzed. iii
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McKeogh, Katie. "Sir Thomas Tresham (1543-1605) and early modern Catholic culture and identity, 1580-1610." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c6d9ffcd-570e-4334-acd4-735c656c0a1f.
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What did it mean to be a Catholic elite in Protestant England? The relationship between the Protestant crown and its Catholic subjects may be examined fruitfully through a study of an individual and his world. This thesis examines this relationship through the example of Sir Thomas Tresham, who has often been seen as the archetypal Catholic loyalist. It is argued that the notion of Catholic loyalism must be reconfigured to account for the complexities inherent in the relationship between Catholics and the government. The duty to honour the monarch's authority was bound up with social and national sentiment, but it often accompanied criticisms of the practice of that authority, and the ways in which it encroached on personal experience. Intractable tensions lay behind expressions of loyalty, and this thesis travels in these undercurrents of cultural, social, religious, and political conflict to investigate the nuanced relationship between English Catholics and English society. Political resistance as classically understood - actions which directly opposed and undermined government policy - risks the exclusion of culture and identity, through which resistance was redefined. It is argued that Tresham's participation in elite activities became vehicles for resistance in the Catholic context. Book-collecting, reading, and the donation of books to an institutional library are framed as forms of resistance which countered the spirit of government legislation, and provided for the continuation of a robust tradition of Catholic scholarship on English soil. Through artistic and architectural projects, Tresham found ways to participate in elite culture which were not closed off to him, and in which Catholicism and gentility could sit side by side. These activities were also avenues for resistance, whereby the erection of stone testaments to Tresham's faith defied the government's attempts to redefine Englishness and gentility in Protestant terms, to the devastation of Catholicism. These artistic works combined piety, gentility, and resistance, and, together with Tresham's two Catholic libraries, they were to be his legacy.
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Gilbert, Rosemary. "Annie M Rogers and the admission of women to the University of Oxford : a study of family, society and reform in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries." Thesis, University of Kent, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.245659.
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Copeland, Sarah Shippy. "Constructions of Infanticide in Early Modern England: Female Deviance During Demographic Crisis." The Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1222046761.
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Reid, Darren. "Walking the line of fire : violence, society, and the war for the Kentucky and Trans-Appalachian Frontier, 1774-1795." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2011. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/009181ef-1ba7-4ee4-ac26-c204cb64afb9.
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One of the most understudied frontiers, the Kentucky frontier was also one of the most violent. For twenty years this region was affected by a bloody war that came to involve the new settler population, numerous Indian tribes, the British, and the American government. More than a border war, the battle for Kentucky and the trans-Appalachian west came to define the communities which grew up in its midst, altering world views, attitudes, and compounding prejudices. It is the purpose of this thesis to accomplish two goals: first, this work will tackle the lack of recent scholarship on this region by providing a detailed history of the Kentucky frontier during the American Revolution and its subsequent period. The second goal of this thesis is to study, analyse and understand how the violence generated by the war with the Indians helped to shape settler society. By thinking of violence not purely as the result of other, more potent social forces – racism, economic fears, competition for land – it is possible to study and understand its formative impact upon early American society. From the short term development of vendetta fuelled warfare to the long term impact this war had upon relations between white and Native America, the war for the trans-Appalachian west saw violence taking on a particularly important, particularly formative role.
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Lieb, Roselind, Barbara Isensee, Kirsten von Sydow, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "The Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP): A Methodological Update." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-100008.
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The objectives of the community-based Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study are described along with a detailed account of the overall design, special design features, sample characteristics and instruments used. The EDSP employed a prospective-longitudinal design to study substance use and other mental disorders in a representative population sample of 3,021 subjects aged 14–24 years (birth cohorts 1970–1981) at ‘baseline’ – the outset of the study. Two follow-up investigations were conducted after the baseline investigation covering an overall period of 3–4 years. Special design features are the linkage with a family supplement (EDSP-FS) as well as neurobiological laboratory studies of high-risk subjects.
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Lieb, Roselind, Barbara Isensee, Kirsten von Sydow, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "The Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology Study (EDSP): A Methodological Update." Karger, 2000. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26276.
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The objectives of the community-based Early Developmental Stages of Psychopathology (EDSP) Study are described along with a detailed account of the overall design, special design features, sample characteristics and instruments used. The EDSP employed a prospective-longitudinal design to study substance use and other mental disorders in a representative population sample of 3,021 subjects aged 14–24 years (birth cohorts 1970–1981) at ‘baseline’ – the outset of the study. Two follow-up investigations were conducted after the baseline investigation covering an overall period of 3–4 years. Special design features are the linkage with a family supplement (EDSP-FS) as well as neurobiological laboratory studies of high-risk subjects.
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Molina, Puche Sebastián. "Familia, poder y territorio. Las elites locales del corregimiento de Chinchilla-Villena en el siglo XVII." Doctoral thesis, Universidad de Murcia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/10887.
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Uno de los principales objetivos de este trabajo de investigación ha sido profundizar en la comprensión del funcionamiento y articulación de la sociedad castellana moderna desde el factor familiar. Para ello, el extenso corregimiento de Chinchilla, Villena y las nueve villas a lo largo del siglo XVII se tomó como laboratorio de pruebas, esencialmente por dos razones: por un lado el contexto espacial era muy representativo, pues la mayor parte de la Castilla Moderna estaba constituida por pequeñas agrociudades como las que formaban dicha unidad jurisdiccional. Y por otro, el corte cronológico elegido demostraba ser una etapa clave en la evolución y conformación interna de los grupos dominantes castellanos, sobre todo los que actuaban en el ámbito local, pues es en este siglo cuando culmina el proceso de oligarquización del municipio castellano, con todo lo que ello supone a nivel social. Al ser nuestra meta conocer la organización social castellana, optamos por centrar nuestra investigación en un segmento social concreto: las familias de poder, es decir, aquellas que componian el grupo social más destacado y preeminente en cada una de las poblaciones estudiadas.One of the main objectives of this work of investigation has been to deepen in the understanding of the operation and joint of the modern Castilian society from the familiar factor. For it, the extensive group of judges of Chinchilla, Villena and the nine villas throughout century XVII was taken like research laboratory, essentially for two reasons: by a side the space context very representative era, then most of Modern Castile was constituted by small cities and villages which they formed this jurisdictional unit. And on the other hand, the chosen chronological cut demonstrated to be a key stage in the evolution and to internal conformation of the Castilian dominant groups, mainly those that acted in the local scope, then it is in this century when the process of oligarquización of the Castilian municipality culminates, yet what it supposes at social level. To the being our goal to know social the organization Castilian, we chose to center our investigation in a concrete social segment: the families of being able, that is to say, those that composed the social group more preeminent outstanding and in each one of the studied populations.
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Cummings, Lindy. "“A promising little society”: Kinship and Community Among the White Water Shakers 1824-1850." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1281018017.
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Cahif, Jacqueline. "'She supposes herself cured' : almshouse women and venereal disease in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Philadelphia." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/2303/.
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This dissertation will explore the lives, experiences and medical histories of diseased almshouse women living in late eighteenth and early nineteenth century Philadelphia. During this period Philadelphia matured from being a relatively small colonial city into a major manufacturing metropolis. Venereal disease was omnipresent in America’s major port city, and diseased residents were surrounded by a thriving medical marketplace. Historians have identified the “who and why” of prostitution, however the scope of the prostitute experience has yet to be fully explored. This dissertation will address a considerable and important gap in the historiography of prostitutes’ lives as it actually affected women. Venereal disease was an ever present threat for women engaging in prostitution, however casual, and historians have yet to illuminate the narrower aspects of the already shadowy lives of such women. Whether intentionally or by omission, historians have often denied agency to prostitutes and the diseased women associated with them, the effect of which has drained this group of sometimes assertive women of any individuality. While some women lived in circumstances and carried out activities that came to the attention of the courts, others lived more understated lives. A large proportion of the women in this study led the lives of “ordinary” women, and prostitution per se was not the only focal point of their existence. For many almshouse women their only unifying variables were disease, time and place. While prostitutes were often victims of economic adversity, they made a choice to engage in prostitution in the face of hardship and sickness. The overall aim is to consider the diseased female patient’s perspective, in an effort to illuminate how she confronted venereal infection within the context of the medical marketplace. This includes the actions she took, and how she negotiated with those in positions of authority, whose aim was sometimes -although not always- to curtail her activities. As many diseased women became more acquainted with the poor relief system of medical welfare, they were able to manipulate the lack of coherent strategy “from above”, which left room for assertive behaviour “from below”. Diseased women did not always use the almshouse as a last resort-institution as historians often have us believe. Many selected the infirmary wing as opposed to other outlets of healthcare in Philadelphia, a city that was often labelled the crucible of medicine. There is also an oft-believed notion that prostitutes and lower class women suffering from venereal disease were habitually saturated with mercury “punitive-style” as treatment for their condition. This argument does not hold for those women who were cared for in the venereal ward of the almshouse’s infirmary wing. Broadly speaking, almshouse doctors did not sanction drastic depletion and the use of mercury compounds unless deemed absolutely necessary. Many almshouse doctors adopted a different therapeutic approach as compared with that of Benjamin Rush and his followers who dominated therapy at the Pennsylvania Hospital, a voluntary institution mostly closed off to venereal women. Such medical differences reflected wider transformations in ideas of disease causation, therapeutic approaches, medical education as well as doctor-patient relationships.
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Lindström, Jonas. "Distribution and Differences : Stratification and the System of Reproduction in a Swedish Peasant Community 1620-1820." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-9328.
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This dissertation examines the character, conditions and change of peasant stratification in early modern Sweden. Wherever and whenever one looks, one finds that resources were unevenly spread among peasant households. In the literature, there are different, and conflicting, views compatible with this finding. In order to explain its character, this study places peasant stratification into a broader system of resource reproduction. Resource holding, families, and individuals are studied over time. The study is based on an extended family reconstitution comprising the landholding peasants in the Mid-Swedish parish of Björskog between 1620 and 1820. Data has been compiled from cadastres, poll tax registers, parish registers, court records, and maps, and has then been related to the information on resource holding as given by tax lists and probate inventories. Six elements and three general principles are identified as fundamental to systems of resource reproduction among peasants. Starting from these, the book argues that the resource holding of a Swedish peasant household was relatively independent of family demography; that wealthy peasants were able to retain large surpluses even during the period of high rent pressure in the seventeenth century; that the reproduction of poorer peasant households was imperfect whereas the reproduction of wealthier households was extended; that wealthy peasants dominated the local community; that economic inequalities within the class of landed peasants did not increase during the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries; that land accumulation and cyclical mobility became important features of peasant society, but not until the decades around 1800: and that the peasant community was characterized by a large degree of geographical and downward social mobility.
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Alhabib, Mohammad E. "The Shia Migration from Southwestern Iran to Kuwait: Push-Pull Factors during the Late Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2010. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_theses/41.
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This study explores the “push-pull” dynamics of Shia migration from southwestern Iran (Fars, Khuzestan and the Persian Gulf coast) to Kuwait during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although nowadays Shias constitute thirty five percent of the Kuwaiti population and their historical role in building the state of Kuwait have been substantial, no individual study has delved into the causes of Shia migration from Iran to Kuwait. By analyzing the internal political, economic, and social conditions of both regions in the context of the Gulf sheikhdoms, the British and Ottoman empires, and other great powers interested in dominating the Gulf region, my thesis examines why Shia migrants, such as merchants, artisans and laborers left southwestern Iran and chose Kuwait as their final destination to settle. The two-way trade between southwest Iran and Kuwait provided a pathway for the Shia migrants and settlers into Kuwait. Moreover, by highlighting the economic roles of the Shia community in Kuwait, my thesis enhances our understanding of the foundation and contributions of the Shia community in Kuwait. Thus it fills a significant gap in Kuwaiti historiography. The research for this thesis draws from a variety of primary sources, including British government documents, the writing of western travelers, the Almatrook business archive, and oral-history interviews with descendants of Shia immigrants to Kuwait.
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Thomas, Daniel. "Family, ambition and service : the French nobility and the emergence of the standing army, c. 1598-1635." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/1914.
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This thesis will contend that a permanent body of military force under royal command, a ‘standing army’, arose during the first three decades of the seventeenth century in France. Such a development constituted a transformation in the nature of the monarchy’s armed forces. It was achieved by encouraging elements of the French nobility to become long-term office-holders within royal military institutions. Those members of the nobility who joined the standing army were not coerced into doing so by the crown, but joined the new body of force because it provided them with a means of achieving one of the fundamental ambitions of the French nobility: social advancement for their family. The first four chapters of this thesis thus look at how the standing army emerged via the entrenchment of a system of permanent infantry regiments within France. They look at how certain families, particularly from the lower and middling nobility, attempted to monopolise offices within the regiments due to the social benefits they conferred. Some of the consequences that arose from the army becoming an institution in which ‘careers’ could be pursued, such as promotion and venality, will be examined, as will how elements of the the nobility were vital to the expansion of the standing army beyond its initial core of units. Chapters Five and Six will investigate how the emergence of this new type of force affected the most powerful noblemen of the realm, the grands. In particular, it will focus on those grands who held the prestigious supra-regimental military offices of Constable and Colonel General of the Infantry. The thesis concludes that the emergence of the standing army helped to alter considerably the relationship between the monarchy and the nobility by the end of the period in question. A more monarchy-centred army and state had begun to emerge in France by the late 1620s; a polity which might be dubbed the early ‘absolute monarchy’. However, such a state of affairs had only arisen due to the considerable concessions that the monarchy had made to the ambitions of certain elements of the nobility.
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Riley, Kate E. "The good old way revisited : the Ferrar family of Little Gidding c.1625-1637." University of Western Australia. School of Humanities, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0026.
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[Truncated abstract] The Ferrars are remembered as exemplars of Anglican piety. The London merchant family quit the city in 1625 and moved to the isolated manor of Little Gidding in Huntingdonshire. There they pursued a life of corporate devotion, supervised by the head of the household, Nicholas Ferrar, until he died in December 1637. To date, the life of the pious deacon Nicholas Ferrar has been the focus of histories of Little Gidding, which are conventionally hagiographical and give little consideration to the experiences of other members of the family, not least the many women in the household. Further, customary representations of the Ferrars have tended to remove them from their seventeenth-century context. Countering the biographical trend that has obscured many details of their communal life, this thesis provides a new, critical reading of the family's years at Little Gidding while Nicholas Ferrar was alive. It examines the Ferrars in terms of their own time, as far as possible using contemporary documents instead of later accounts and confessional mythology. It shows that, while certain aspects of life at Little Gidding were unusual, on the whole the family was less exceptional than traditional histories have implied; certainly the family was not so unified and unworldly as the idealised images have suggested. Moreover, the Ferrars were actively engaged in making those images, for immediate effect and for posterity. The Ferrars' identities, corporate and individual, and their largely textual practices of self-fashioning are central to the study. Other key concerns are the Ferrars' moral and religious ideals and practices, gender in the family, and intra-familial relationships. Evidence for the thesis is drawn from family documents dating from the early years of the seventeenth century to the time of Nicholas Ferrar's death. ... The Little Academy is considered first: in this unique dialogue circle, young women discussed morally edifying historical tales, offering them a textually-mediated experience of the world and working to reinforce conventional gender roles and religious values. The final three chapters pertain to the copious and little-studied family correspondence. A chapter that develops a theory of the functions of the family correspondence network is followed by one studying the affective relationships that the celibate sisters Mary and Anna Collet maintained through their letters with their unmarried uncle and spiritual mentor, Nicholas Ferrar. These chapters consider the identities as single people that all three developed through these relationships, within the maritally-focused framework of the Protestant family. The last chapter also concerns the lives of the unmarried, examining the relationships of single male adults and their roles in the family, focusing on the friendship of Nicholas Ferrar and his cousin Arthur Woodnoth. The thesis closes by reflecting on the fact that returning the Ferrars to their seventeenth-century context reveals their multi-faceted nature, comprising ideals and identities sometimes incongruous with one another, and certainly unaccounted for in the traditional narratives. It thus demonstrates the importance of the overall project of reconceiving the Ferrars? history, which forms an original contribution to the study of the social, cultural and religious history of early seventeenth-century England.
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Vitale, Rachel A. "SPIRITUALITY, RESILIENCE, AND SOCIAL SUPPORT AS PREDICTORS OF LIFE SATISFACTION IN YOUNG ADULTS WITH A HISTORY OF CHILDHOOD TRAUMA." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1444820307.
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Howard, Rebecca. "A Pedagogy of One’s Own: Bricolage, Differential Consciousness, and Identity in the Translexic Space of Women’s Studies, Theatre, and Early Childhood Education." Miami University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=miami1272174018.
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Prytz, Cristina. "Familjen i kronans tjänst : Donationspraxis, förhandling och statsformering under svenskt 1600-tal." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-197362.
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This dissertation investigates what the early modern donation system in Sweden reveals about the Crown’s expectations of the social group that served the state, and what these individuals expected from the Crown. The author shows how the Crown used donations of land rents to remunerate and reward individuals in its service. In 1680 the donation system was abolished and the Crown reclaimed everything that had been alienated. It was not until 1723 that the proprietors could address a specially appointed parliamentary commission (which ended in 1748) and challenge the Crown’s repossession. The deeds of donation and ratification, most issued during the period 1604 to 1680, as well as petitions submitted to the commission constitute the sources used in the investigation. A petition from the recipient usually preceded remunerations and the deeds drawn up by the Crown often refer to these letters. Petitioners accordingly referred to arguments used by the administration in Stockholm. This makes it possible, by direct and indirect methods, to study how both parties sought to change and influence the imagined compact between Crown and families in its service. The negotiation between the parties, studied over such a lengthy period, helps identify tendencies in the way the relation between state and its servants was changing. The thesis shows that there was a clear gender aspect to the process through which state formation happened. Even though most recipients were male, the deeds included his wife and children. Service and fidelity to the Crown was expected also from the descendants of the recipient. Accordingly, the Crown had both liabilities and duties to fulfil to the recipients family. We could say that in the eye of the Crown its servants were a family. The author also argues that the Crown used the donations to create and favour an informal fifth estate and how this policy influenced the shared ideas in society on merits versus ancestry. In the end of the period, however, the imagined compact was changing. The emerging state came with new claims to authority and the need to separate the Crown from its subjects at various levels (legal, political). As the compact became less personal family members were no longer included and women could no longer negotiate from their position within the family.
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Stansfield, Michael Miles Nicholas. "The Holland family, Dukes of Exeter, Earls of Kent and Huntingdon, 1352-1475." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1987. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ff873c44-1488-4918-8ccd-586a7ff94caf.
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At the turn of the fourteenth century, the Hollands were a knightly family of no great import in Lancashire. In 1475, Henry Holland died as the Lancastrian claimant to the throne. Such a transformation, in itself, deserves explanation. This will reveal the dramatic rise of a family through the beneficence of noble and then royal patronage and, even more so, through the fortune of a good marriage being compounded by a conbination of fortuitous heirless deaths and a significant remarriage to bring an inheritance and royal kinship. That was the means of ascension through the ranks of the nobility, and it was sustained by consistent service to the crown at court and in the field. The Hollands were not a family of local power who built on this to thrust themselves into the nobility; their local basis almost verged on the nomadic and it is within the context of the court that they must be viewed, they were curialist nobility. Therefore, the absence of family and estate papers is not such a blow to their study as the records of central administration have much to reveal of their activities and their estates were not of such concern to them as they were for other families. This chronological survey of their rise, significance and disappearance provides something of a commentary on the political, and military, events of later medieval England. It helps further to fill in our picture of England's nobility, confirming its great individuality and providing an example of how a rapid rise through its ranks was possible.
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Lupold, Eva Marie. "Literary Laboratories: A Cautious Celebration of the Child-Cyborg from Romanticism to Modernism." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1339976082.
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Cox, Jonathan Mantele. "Lindsay Earls of Crawford : the heads of the Lindsay family in late medieval Scottish politics, 1380-1453." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6507.
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This thesis examines the careers of the first four Lindsay earls of Crawford, 1380-1453. Each of these four Scottish earls played an important role in Scottish politics, though they have not been closely examined since A. W. C. Lindsay’s Lives of the Lindsays, or a memoir of the Houses of Crawford and Balcarres, published in 1849. This is despite the fact that these men figured in some of the major events in late medieval Scotland. David 1st earl of Crawford can be linked to the murder of David Stewart duke of Rothesay in 1401-2. David 3rd earl of Crawford (d. 1446) was a marriage ally of William 6th earl of Douglas who was judicially murdered in 1440 by William Crichton and James Douglas earl of Avondale in 1440. Evidence suggests this marriage alliance was a factor in the decision to commit the murder. Alexander 4th earl of Crawford (d. 1453) was involved in the famous Douglas-Crawford-Ross tripartite bond which cost William 8th earl of Douglas his life. All of the first four earls were involved, in different ways, in the disputes to determine the succession of the earldom of Mar during their careers. Although the barony of Crawford was in Lanarkshire, the earls’ main sphere of influence was south of the Mounth, where they held lands stretching from Urie near present-day Stonehaven to Megginch near Perth. Glen Esk, their largest holding, was in Forfarshire, which was where they exerted the most influence. They also maintained a degree of influence in Aberdeenshire, where they were the hereditary sheriffs. A few factors explain their ability to maintain this sphere of influence. The first was an ability to call out a significant armed band of men, something which the first, third and fourth earls of Crawford are all recorded to have done. Most also had an income from annuities from various burghs including Aberdeen, Dundee, and Montrose totaling about £200, and they can be demonstrated to have owned a house in Dundee and maintained connections with burgesses there. This may suggest they were involved in trade. David Lindsay, 1st earl of Crawford (d. 1407), who used all of the above means to propel himself to the top ranks of Scottish politics, also promoted himself through active engagement with the culture of chivalry and crusade. This earned him much praise from the contemporary chronicler, Andrew Wyntoun. There are hints that the third and fourth earl may have maintained this interest as well.
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Wikland, Linda. "Vårt dagliga bröd giv oss idag. Hungersnöd, krishantering och resiliens i Stockholm 1650–1750." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Historiska institutionen, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-190846.
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Famines were recurring events in the early-modern world. This thesis aims to identify and analyse institutional, social, and political parameters that improved or reduced the society’s capacity for crisis management and institutional adaptations in Stockholm in times of foodshortages during the period 1650–1750. The study consists of four case studies. The study shows that the government effectiveness improved during the investigated period, which increased the possibilities to mitigate the consequences of famine. Furthermore, the ambition to protect the social order seems to have been the most important driving force to take measures to ease and prevent famines in Stockholm. I conclude that very few institutional adaptations to prevent future famines were made during the period. Most likely because the elite lacked political incentives to act. The study provides knowledge on societal resilience in the early-modern era
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Merseburger, Maria. "Gemalte Gewandung im Florentiner Quattrocento." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/18687.
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Die vorliegende Arbeit stellt für die Bildwissenschaften eine methodische Grundlage dar, Kleidung im Bild als Konstruktion zu begreifen und zu interpretieren. Anhand der eindrucksvollen Patronageprojekte der Familie Tornabuoni – einer gerade emporgestiegenen Kaufmannsfamilie im Umkreis der Medici – werden die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von symbolischer Kommunikation in der Florentiner Frühneuzeit untersucht. Unter anderem über Symbole wurde die Position im Gesellschaftsgefüge des unsicheren frühneuzeitlichen Regierungsklimas immer wieder neu hergestellt und von Neuem ausgehandelt. Die gewählte Bildgarderobe ist dafür ein hervorstechendes Beispiel.The thesis presents an art historical methodology that assesses clothing and its pictorial representations in order to interpret how material culture relates to social construction. Using as an example an impressive patronage project of the Tornabuoni family – a newly rich family of merchants in the circle of the Medici – reveals the possibilities as well as the limitations of symbolic communication through dress in early modern Florence. In addition to outward style, these subtle symbols helped to establish and renegotiate their bearer’s position in the shifting hierarchy of an uncertain political climate. By closely examining Tornabuoni commissions, the thesis demonstrates how clothing is a critical means of understanding social motivations and aspirations.
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Crum, Melissa R. "Creating Inviting and Self-Affirming Learning Spaces: African American Women's Narratives of School and Lessons Learned from Homeschooling." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1397824234.
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Briney, Carol E. "My Journey with Prisoners: Perceptions, Observations and Opinions." Kent State University Liberal Studies Essays / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1373151648.
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Chapa, Christopher. "Early Life History and Resurgence of Snook (Family Centropomidae) in Texas." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/ETD-TAMU-2012-05-11162.
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The resurgence of Texas' snook (Family Centropomidae) recreational fishery is coupled with an uncertainty as to what species occur in State waters, a limited understanding of life history, and habitat needs of its constituents. This study described species composition and early life history aspects of juvenile (< 100 mm SL) centropomids taken in bag seine collections in estuarine and freshwater habitats along the upper, middle, and lower coast of Texas during 2006 to 2010. Centropomus specimens (n = 548) captured from 41 locations across the Texas coast as well as congeners from Mexico (n = 24), Florida (n = 7), and Costa Rica (n = 3) were used in a genetics- and meristic-based determination of species composition, growth rates, range of hatching dates, geographic distribution, and habitat association.
Genetic analyses of the mitochondrial DNA 16s ribosomal RNA gene and the mitochondrial control region (D - loop) validated the presence of smallscale fat snook (C. parallelus Poey, 1860, n = 333), common snook (C. undecimalis Bloch 1792, n = 212) and Mexican snook (C. poeyi Chavez, 1961, n = 3) in Texas, with the last of these validations representing the first known record of this species in Texas. AMOVA of 16s and D - loop sequences failed to detect genetic differentiation within Texas for C. parallelus and C. undecimalis. However, AMOVA for 16s and D - loop C. undecimalis sequences did yield significant genetic differences between Texas and Mexico against those from Florida and Costa Rica.
Juvenile centropomids (< 100 mm SL) in Texas occupied backwater habitats with dissipated currents similar to those of Florida congeners (tidal sloughs, freshwater habitats, and structured shorelines). Coastal ranges of these species differed with C. parallelus taken from the Rio Grande to West Galveston Bay, whereas C. undecimalis was captured from the Rio Grande northward near Palacios. Three C. poeyi were captured at only two locations (Laguna Vista and Port Aransas). Daily growth rates varied between species and capture years, with these ranging from 0.22 to 0.97 mm d^-1. Analyses of hatch-date distribution suggest centropomids in Texas begin spawning in August and continue it through late September into mid-November.
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Van, Rachel Tamar. "Free Trade and Family Values: Kinship Networks and the Culture of Early American Capitalism." Thesis, 2011. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8VX0PGN.
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This study examines the international flow of ideas and goods in eighteenth and nineteenth century New England port towns through the experience of a Boston-based commercial network. It traces the evolution of the commercial network established by the intertwined Perkins, Forbes, and Sturgis families of Boston from its foundations in the Atlantic fur trade in the 1740s to the crises of succession in the early 1840s. The allied Perkins firms and families established one of the most successful American trading networks of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries and as such it provides fertile ground for investigating mercantile strategies in early America. An analysis of the Perkins family's commercial network yields three core insights. First, the Perkinses illuminate the ways in which American mercantile strategies shaped global capitalism. The strategies and practices of American merchants and mariners contributed to a growing international critique of mercantilist principles and chartered trading monopolies. While the Perkinses did not consider themselves "free traders," British observers did. Their penchant for smuggling and seeking out niches of trade created by competing mercantilist trading companies meant that to critics of British mercantilist policies, American merchants had an unfair advantage that only the liberalization of trade policy could rectify. Following the Perkinses allows for a reconsideration of the Anglo-American relationship in the East Indies, especially China. For example, the special relationships the Perkinses established with the Wu family of Canton as well as the London-based Baring Brothers & Co. proved critical to their success in business. Yet these relationships developed out of the Perkinses' geopolitical position as Americans. Further, the project shows that family life, gendered ideals, and particular visions of the life cycle were central to how Americans came to terms with expanding trade and evolving markets. In the late eighteenth century, Americans began to exalt family as a sentimental unit whose central aims were personal fulfillment and the raising of future citizens. But this new ideology of family masked the institution's continued political and economic utility. Family has never been the promised "haven from the heartless world" of market perils; in fact, well into the nineteenth century it was the opposite: family was a core market institution used for protection from risk and speculation. Even as the Perkinses embraced the speculative potential of commerce and investment, familial and gendered ideals shaped how they understood profit, risk, and even what it meant to be a merchant. Finally, in recent years, scholars have integrated New England into the Atlantic World; I demonstrate the importance of New Englanders in shaping American involvement in Asia and the Pacific as well. The Pacific continues to be a central space of American empire and influence, from former colonies to trust territories. Its history merits a more robust place in American historical consciousness.
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Huang, Han-Fen, and 黃漢芬. "Association Studies of Cytochrome P450 2J2*7 Variants in Type 2 Diabetes with Family History and Early Age of Onset." Thesis, 2006. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/64888104820991282179.
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碩士國立中山大學
生物科學系研究所
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Cytochrome P450（CYP）2J2, the single member of human cytochromes P450 II J subfamily, plays an important role in the biosynthesis of biologically active cis-epoxyeicosatrienoic acids. An allelic variant named CYP 2J2*7, a relatively frequent G→T substitution at position-50 relative to the transcription start site, which interrupts a critical Sp1 binding site, results in both decreased promoter activity in vitro and reduced circulating levels of CYP2J2 epoxygenase metabolites. Epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (EETs) are endogenously produced and incorporated into membrane phospholipids in the pancreas. Low concentrations of 5,6-EETs stimulate insulin secretion, whereas 8,9-, 11,12-, and 14,15-EETs stimulate glucagon secretion from the pancreas. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated transcription factors belonging to the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily. EETs increased PPAR-α and PPAR-γ transcription activity. PPAR-α and PPAR-γ play a key role in the regulation of adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, insulin sensitivity and inflammation. Thus, genetic abnormalities in the function or expression of CYP2J2, the pathogenetic of enzymes may play a role in diabetes. The present study investigates whether CYP 2J2*7 gene polymorphism can be associated with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population. We studied 2,073 Chinese type 2 diabetes patients and 704 control subjects without. CYP 2J2*7 gene polymorphism was determined by PCR-RFLP and real-time PCR. In both study groups, the genotype frequency distributions of this polymorphism were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The CYP2J2*7 genotype distribution or allele frequencies were not different between type 2 diabetes and control subjects. Diabetics with young age of onset（≦35 years old） had a higher frequency of T variant than that of the age of onset of greater than 35 years old and controls ( GG / GT + TT = 84.2% / 15.8% vs. 90.3% / 9.7% vs. 91.3% / 8.7%；p = 0.018，p = 0.027 ). CYP2J2*7 genotype had a statistically significant association with age of onset ( p for trend = 0.042 ). The HOMA-IR and HOMA-β values were significantly higher in diabetic patients with young age of onset compared to those of late onset diabetics and controls. CYP2J2*7 polymorphism was associated with HOMA-IR and HOMA-β in diabetics with young age of onset and controls, subjects and T variants had significant higher value of HOMA-IR and HOMA-β（early onset diabetics：GG / GT + TT = 8.9 ± 6.1 / 6.4 ± 3.8, p=0.045；controls：GG / GT + TT = 2.6 ± 1.1 / 2.1 ± 0.8, p = 0.007）.These findings suggest that CYP 2J2*7 polymorphism may play a role in the pathogenesis of young onset type 2 diabetes and family diabetic history.
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Brown, Cinnamon. ""The youngest of the great American family" the creation of a Franco-American culture in early Louisiana /." 2009. http://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_graddiss/566.
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Cai, Yuxuan. "Family as a starting point: the kinship-based female poetry clubs between Late Ming and Early Qing Dynasties, 1550-1700." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/12686.
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Poetry clubs composed of gentry women began to emerge during the late Ming and early Qing dynasties. The earliest female poetry clubs in this period were all kinship-based and organized within gentry families. This phenomenon shows that family was the major source for the foundation of female poetry clubs. The aim of this research is to investigate the impact of family on the formation of kinship-based female poetry clubs from a political, social, and cultural perspective and to examine these clubs within the context of geographical location, family learning and marriage relationships. This thesis treats the Mingyuan Poetry Club founded by female members of the Fang family in Tongcheng city, Anhui province as the main focus of research to illustrate the family’s influence on the formation of gentry women poetry clubs by translating and analyzing the members’ poetic works and family life.Graduate
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"Kin with Kin and Kind with Kind Confound: Pity, Justice, and Family Killing in Early Modern Dramas Depicting Islam." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/70385.
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This dissertation examines the early modern representation of the Ottoman sultan as merciless murderer of his own family in dramas depicting Islam that are also revenge tragedies or history plays set in empires. This representation arose in part from historical events: the civil wars that erupted periodically from the reign of Sultan Murad I (1362-1389) to that of Sultan Mehmed III (1595-1603) in which the sultan killed family members who were rivals to the throne. Drawing on these events, theological and historical texts by John Foxe, Samuel Purchas, and Richard Knolles offered a distorted image of the Ottoman sultan as devoid of pity for anyone, but most importantly family, an image which seeped into early modern drama. Early modern English playwrights repeatedly staged scenes in the dramas that depict Islam in which one member of a family implores another for pity and to remain alive. However, family killing became diffuse and was not the sole province of the Ottoman sultan or other Muslim character: the Spanish, Romans, and the Scythians also kill their kin. Additionally, they kill members of their own religious, ethnic, and national groups as family killing expands to encompass a more general self destruction, self sacrifice, and self consumption. The presence of the Muslim character, Turk or Moor, serves to underscore the political and religious significance of other characters' family killing. Part of the interest of English playwrights in the Ottoman history of family killing is that England had suffered its own share of family killing or the specter of it during the Wars of the Roses, the Babington Plot against Queen Elizabeth's life, and the martyrdom of many English during the Protestant Reformation. Through an analysis of such plays as Thomas Kyd's The Spanish Tragedy , William Shakespeare's Titus Andronicus , and Christopher Marlowe's Tamburlaine I and II , among others, I argue that English playwrights represented family killing to contend with England's past of civil war, its Protestant Reformation present, and its political future. The dramas that depict Islam portray rulers who elevate empire building above kinship bonds and who feel no pity for those in their own kinship, national, or religious groups. The plays illustrate that the emotion, pity, leads a ruler to the just action of extending mercy and that the converse, lack of pity, leads a kingdom or empire to injustice and destruction. The plays ultimately declare empire building unjust because it is pitiless, creating an argument against empire for English audiences.
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Semmens, Justine. "Sex crime appeals at the Parlement of Paris, 1564-1655." Thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/1828/13301.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation examines the intersection of the prosecution of criminal justice, sexual morality and the family at the parlement of Paris, which was the highest court of appeal in France, during the height of its power and influence in the kingdom from 1564-1655. This dissertation argues that in its adjudication of the crimes of seduction, infanticide, adultery, and bigamy the parlement of Paris interpreted the law according to a paternal theory of state by prioritizing family integrity and patriarchal honour in its decisions. In so doing, it presents a unique synthesis of statute and published legal opinion with a systematic survey of judicial decisions, based on archival findings, relating to these sex crimes in early modern France. It concludes that these judicial decisions were ensconced in the concepts of family, the king’s justice, and sovereignty, which were foundational to the interconnected theories of state and society in early modern France. The parlement tended to separate elite and modest appellants according to the socio-economic priorities of lignage and ménage, or the protection of the integrity of elite lineages and the stability of artisanal households within broader networks of family and community. Ultimately, this study exposes the expectations and values that gendered authority placed on men and women in early modern French society, reveals the ways that the most powerful judges in France interpreted the law according to these values, and unveils the narratives that women and men crafted when they confronted these expectations before these powerful judges. In so doing, this dissertation sheds new light on the relationships between gender and the law, gender relations in state and society, and the lived experience of marriage in early modern France.Graduate
2022-08-09
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(8649114), Edward J. Gray. "The Marillac: Family Strategy, Religion, and Diplomacy in the Making of the French State during the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries." Thesis, 2020.
Find full textAbstract:
The Marillac were one of the most important noble families in early modern France. My analysis of this pivotal and deeply political family during the turbulent era of the French Wars of Religion (1562-1629) examines and explains the importance of the interaction of familial alliances, religion and diplomacy in the making of the state. This period represents a critical moment in the process of state development. In contrast to prevailing studies of early modern state formation that concentrate on a centrally-directed program, this dissertation argues that it was the expansion of family strategy, and its interplay with religion and diplomacy, that drove the ongoing construction of the early modern state. There was no blueprint for the creation of this state. Rather, it was born out of an accretion of policies formed by politically important clans working to advance their familial interests. By closely tracing the fortunes of the Marillac clan through archives and research libraries in France, this study discloses the nature of power in early modern Europe in its daily, practical manifestations. My project reaffirms the agency of the family and the individual in the making of the state. It showcases the importance of religious devotion to the formation of family strategy, and especially how Marillac women were drivers of this devotion. My research demonstrates how one family successfully negotiated the Wars of Religion. Additionally, I discuss the impactful role of the individual diplomat in the practice of foreign affairs. Finally, by tracing the fortunes of the Marillac family, I show how a family not only rises to power, but falls, as well as the consequences and limits of disgrace. My research will therefore contribute to the fields of early modern state-building, diplomacy, religious politics, and women and gender through the prism of Marillac family strategy and its interaction with religion and diplomacy.
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Powell, Damian X. (Damian Xavier). "James Whitelock's Liber Famelicus, 1570-1632." 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php8822.pdf.
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Jirková, Pavla. "Testamentární praxe v Jihlavě v letech 1578-1624. (Testamenty jako prameny pro dějiny rodinných struktur, historickou demografii a sociotopografii)." Doctoral thesis, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-299624.
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THESIS ABSTRACT The subject of the research - the Early Modern burgher will - is viewed in the thesis from the standpoint of family structures, historical demography and sociotopography. The sample of 968 Jihlava wills from the period 1578-1624 were subjected to statistical analysis. Moreover, from a methodological perspective the nature of this research is similar to micro-historical and prosopographical approaches. The aforementioned theme was compared to conclusions of the literature concerning historical demography and family structures (especially English) as well as foreign sociological and anthropological studies. The results of this research were evaluated from the point of view of the annual number of wills as possible indicators of the chief trends in mortality, and possible connections were traced between the number of children named in the testaments and the inheritance system. Given the numerous marriage contracts concluded by testators, the study also looked into the "marriage market" and the duration of marriages. Other questions discussed in the thesis include, for example, family and household positions, disabled people, gender studies and intergenerational property transfer. Finally, in terms of the sociotopographical study, the houses of sorted testators were located within the framework...
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Dörpinghaus, Jens. "Soziale Netzwerke im frühen Christentum nach der Darstellung in Apg 1-12." Diss., 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/26609.
Full textAbstract:
Text in German with summaries in German and EnglishIncludes bibliographical references (leaves 197-211)
Biblical studies in New Testament are generating considerable interest in the investigation of historical groups, for example by using prosopographic approaches. This thesis presents a new approach to reconstruct the early Christian network in Acts 1-12. We consider the social network analyses (SNA), critical spatiality and Proximal Point Analyses (PPA). Although these approaches show interesting results, they suffer from a global distance measure. Thus, we introduce a novel approach combining SNA and critical spatiality to analyse geographic and social distances. This method represents a valuable alternative to traditional theological tools for answering exegetical questions concerning the social network in Acts 1-12 offering ways for re-thinking and re-interpretation. The network represents the first fulfillment of the promise given in Acts 1:8. Moreover, it allows us to distinguish between protagonists and their influence. Using different distance measurements, we were not only able to describe the high level of solidarity in this network but could also find strong evidences for Peter, Philip and Barnabas being key figures. Acts 1-12 describes mission as led by God and performed by different people with Jerusalem as the centre of activity. This mission is both peripheral and open to people with diverse social, religious and geographic backgrounds. In the novel network of people belonging to the body of Christ human leadership is not important. It was not possible to apply this method to all exegetical questions due to the fact that there are only limited historic sources available.
In der neutestamentlichen Wissenschaft wurden verschiedene Methoden wie die Prosopographie zur Erforschung bestimmter Personenkreise verwendet. Diese Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Rekonstruktion des frühchristlichen sozialen Netzwerks nach der Darstellung in Apg 1-12. Dazu wird die Methode der sozialen Netzwerkanalyse (SNA), der critical spatiality sowie die Proximal Point Analyse (PPA) verwendet. Dabei werden die methodischen Ansätze von verschiedenen historischen Netzwerkanalysen zusammengetragen und durch eine Verknüpfung von SNA und critical spatiality eine einheitliche Herangehensweise hergeleitet, die auch geographische wie soziale Distanzen darstellen kann. Dabei finden sich in Apg 1-12 sowohl exegetische Fragestellungen, auf die diese Methode aufgrund der schlechten Quellenlage nicht angewendet werden kann, als auch Fragestellungen, die mit dieser Methode unter neuen Gesichtspunkten interpretiert werden kann. So lässt sich im rekonstruierten Netzwerk von Apg 1-12 der erste Abschnitt der Erfüllung der Verheißung aus Apg 1,8 erkennen. Außerdem hilft die SNA, die einzelnen Akteure und ihr Handeln in der Apg besser zu würdigen. So ist ein eigenes Kapitel nicht nur Petrus, sondern auch Philippus und Barnabas gewidmet. Apg 1-12 stellt eine Mission dar, deren alleiniger Urheber Gott ist und die von verschiedensten Menschen mit der Stadt Jerusalem als Zentrum überwiegend dezentral und offen für verschiedene soziale, religiöse und geographische Hintergründe ausgeführt wird. Sie zeichnet ein besonderes Bild vom urchristlichen sozialen Netzwerk, das wenig menschliche Leitung beinhaltet und sich qualitativ unterscheidet. Die Analyse mit verschiedenen Zentralitätsmaßen zeigt ebenfalls die starke Verbundenheit der urchristlichen Gemeinschaft und den signifikanten Beitrag mehrerer Personen
New Testament
M. Th. (New Testament)