Journal articles on the topic 'Ear Care and hygiene'
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Samaddar, Saikat, Arup Chakraborty, Sangita Bhattacharya Samaddar, Arista Lahiri, and Saumendra Nath Bandyopadhyay. "Formal education about hygienic aural care and the relationship between aural hygiene awareness and practices: a cross-sectional study from a super-speciality hospital in West Bengal, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 8 (July 26, 2019): 3298. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20193444.
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Background: The result of poor ear care and hygiene behaviours are often encountered in otology practice. There is also lack of any proper guideline of hygienic ear care behaviours. The present study aims to assess the awareness and practice of hygienic ear care behaviours of the community, in the light of the guidelines as per WHO Primary Ear and Hearing Care Training Resources-Basic level.Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Baruipur Sub-Divisional Hospital serving semi urban population of South 24 Parganas, West Bengal, India. Patients and parents (in case of children below the age of six years) were interviewed. Maintaining the inclusion and exclusion criteria after obtaining informed consent 480 participants were included in the study who responded to a validated self-reported semi structured questionnaire.Results: The mean age was 32.44 (±18.95) years. Around 51.3% were male, 81.25% were professionals. Majority belonged to nuclear family (52.083%) and Islam (53.333%). Around 88.958% of the population had practice of ear care behaviour which was poor. Joint family had an odds of 2.86 (p value=0.002) and Islam by religion had an odds of 1.99 (p value=0.044) for a higher level of awareness. Educated group had an odds of 4.07 (p<0.001) for higher awareness. Aware group had an odds of 19.95 (p<0.001) in favour of having hygienic ear care practices.Conclusions: The study demonstrated lack of formal education regarding ear hygiene at the community level. Dearth in formal knowledge leading to poor practices is compounded with several socio-cultural issues.
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Knighton, Shanina. "The Use of Instructional Technology to Increase Independent Patient Hand Hygiene Practice of Hospitalized Adults in an Acute Care Setting." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 4, suppl_1 (2017): S411—S412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofx163.1029.
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Abstract Background Despite recognition that hospitalized patients carry pathogens on their hands and demonstrate poor hand hygiene practice, little attention has been given to interventions that increase hand hygiene practices. Studies that have attempted to improve patient hand hygiene practice lack sustainability due to dependability on healthcare staff, and no prior studies have tested ways to improve independent patient hand hygiene practice. One such approach is using a patient-centered multi-modal educational intervention and electronic voice-recorded reminder cue to promote self- management of hand hygiene. Methods This comparative effectiveness study tested two educationally-based approaches to improve patient hand hygiene in older adults hospitalized for 4 days for elective lower extremity orthopedic or podiatry surgery at a veterans’ hospital. Group 1 (n = 41) received an educational video, an educational handout and a voice-recorded electronic audio reminder (EAR) an active cue, which verbally reminded the participant to clean their hands 3 times a day (7am, 12 pm, 5pm). Group 2 (n = 34) received the educational video and handout without the EAR. There were no significant differences between the two randomly assigned groups in terms of age, ethnicity and sex. Results Figure 1 shows the daily difference in product consumption Day 0 to Day 3. The average product consumption of ABHR (alcohol-based hand rub) in Group 1 (EAR) was 29.97 grams (SD 17.13). Group 2 (No EAR) averaged 10.88 grams (9.27) (P < 0.0001). Comparing post-operative day (POD) 0 to POD 3, and controlling for covariates (Disability of Arm, Shoulder, and Hand [QuickDASH], Hand Grip Strength, Surgical Pain, MRSA in Nares, and Education), multivariate analyses indicated that the electronic audio reminder was a significant predictor (β=.468) of ABHR consumption, R2 = .39, R2adj. = .34, F (6, 68) = 7.265, P < .001. Conclusion This study demonstrated that a short educational intervention that included a video, a handout, and a verbal audio reminder has the potential to increase patient-centered infection prevention in the acute care settings without increasing the workload of healthcare workers. Findings can be used for future infection prevention studies in institutionalized patients to improve self-managed care. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Haji, Aseel, Bashaer Alharbi, Khalid Alhazmi, Bassam Alharthi, Abdulrahman Kabli, and Muhammad Irfanullah Siddiqui. "Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices of Self-ear Cleaning in Makkah Region, Cross-sectional Study." Saudi Medical Horizons Journal 1, no. 1 (November 28, 2021): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.54293/smhj.v1i1.19.
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Background and aim: Cerumen or ear wax is a normal secretion from sebaceous and ceruminous glands found in the external auditory canal. Wrong self-ear cleaning attempts may lead to cerumen impaction, injuries, and otitis externa. we have concluded this study to assess the local community's knowledge about ear-cleaning, attitudes toward ear care, and self-ear cleaning practices. Methods: Cross-sectional online survey performed in May 2021 among general population to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practices of self-ear cleaning. We included all people aged between 18 to 90 years who live in Makkah region, also we excluded health care workers and who had previous ears, nose, and throat injuries. Results: A total of 544 participants responded to the survey, 351 (64.5%) were males and 193 (35.5%) were females, age between 18 to 55. Forty-four (8.1%) of participants thought that it is harmful to self-clean your ear. In contrast, 274 (50.4%) thought that we do not have to remove the wax from our ears constantly. About 32% of them clean to remove the dirt and 29.30% clean to improve their ear hygiene. Conclusion: Self-ear cleaning is a widespread practice, and most respondents showed a lack of knowledge regarding ear-cleansing mechanisms. In order to rectify the erroneous views, more public health education is needed to dissuade people from practicing self-ear cleaning and teach them about the function of cerumen and problems associated with self-ear cleaning.
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Kadri, Hasyim, and Salvita Fitrianti. "Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Pencegahan Scabies pada Santri di Pondok Pesantren Modern Al-Hidayah Kota Jambi." Jurnal Abdimas Kesehatan (JAK) 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36565/jak.v3i1.153.
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A high prevalence of scabies is generally found in environments with high density of residents and interpersonal contacts such as Islamic boarding schools, prisons and orphanages. The impact arising from scabies caused by personal hygiene problems includes the frequency of bathing, washing hands, using soap or not, changing clothes and towels, clean bedding, hair hygiene, nail hygiene, dental and oral hygiene, foot and shoe care, eye hygiene, ear hygiene and nose hygiene. The clinical manifestations that are usually caused are itching which is usually severe and will get worse at night and there are blisters or small, thin bumps on the skin.The solution of this community service is to provide health education and scabies prevention simulations to change or increase students' knowledge about scabies prevention.The results obtained by the participants in following the activities of community service well all followed the activity sequence without leaving the venue, a total of 37 participants were santri wati, they enthusiastically asked questions and participated in practicing the activities taught and carried out simulations of prevention of scabies.
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Kadri, Hasyim, and Salvita Fitrianti. "Pendidikan Kesehatan Tentang Pencegahan Scabies pada Santri di Pondok Pesantren Modern Al-Hidayah Kota Jambi." Jurnal Abdimas Kesehatan (JAK) 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.36565/jak.v3i1.153.
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A high prevalence of scabies is generally found in environments with high density of residents and interpersonal contacts such as Islamic boarding schools, prisons and orphanages. The impact arising from scabies caused by personal hygiene problems includes the frequency of bathing, washing hands, using soap or not, changing clothes and towels, clean bedding, hair hygiene, nail hygiene, dental and oral hygiene, foot and shoe care, eye hygiene, ear hygiene and nose hygiene. The clinical manifestations that are usually caused are itching which is usually severe and will get worse at night and there are blisters or small, thin bumps on the skin.The solution of this community service is to provide health education and scabies prevention simulations to change or increase students' knowledge about scabies prevention.The results obtained by the participants in following the activities of community service well all followed the activity sequence without leaving the venue, a total of 37 participants were santri wati, they enthusiastically asked questions and participated in practicing the activities taught and carried out simulations of prevention of scabies.
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Sultana, Tohura, and Ifra Tun Nur. "Ornaments of daily usage can be a source of microbial contamination and a causative agent of diseases." Stamford Journal of Microbiology 10, no. 1 (December 13, 2020): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/sjm.v10i1.50724.
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Hand hygiene is the most simple and effective way to prevent infection. Contaminated hand and related ornaments act as a vector of transmitting diseases. The main goal of this study was to find out whether personal accessories of different categories of working women are responsible for foodborne illness or contagious diseases. For this purpose, six categories of individuals were chosen, and five types of ornaments were taken from each individual. Total thirty swab samples were taken from the surface of bangles, nose pins, ear rings, finger rings and chains. Conventional culture techniques and biochemical tests were performed to determine the presence and identification of the pathogenic microorganisms. Total viable bacteria was present in all those samples but the presence of specific microorganisms were not found in all of those samples. Moderate growth of Staphylococcus spp. was found in finger rings and ear rings of the home makers and presence of Escherichia coli was detected in 16% of these samples as an indicator of fecal contamination. In the light of these results, it is essential to maintain proper hand hygiene and sanitation practice as some ornaments could be the significant source of pathogenic microorganisms. Food handlers and health care workers should abide by the rules and regulations of personal hygiene.
Stamford Journal of Microbiology, Vol.10 (1) 2020: 5-8
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Huynh, Trong Nguyen, and Duc Phuc Nguyen. "Assessment of nursing care and some related factors on patients with tonsillectomy in An Giang Eye - Ear nose throat - Dental hospital." Tạp chí Khoa học Điều dưỡng 5, no. 1 (March 2, 2022): 84–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54436/jns.2022.1.403.
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Objectives: To identify nursing care and some related factors on patients with tonsillectomy in An Giang eye - ear nose throat - dental hospital. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 157 patients with tonsillectomy. Results: The nursing follow-up activities are well evaluated; in which the pain monitoring rate is best evaluated (91.7%); followed by monitoring cough/bleeding (87.3%); monitoring communication problems 86.6%. The nursing instructions to the patient about the problems after surgery is also appreciated quite well. Including, instruction for resting (93%), instruction for dental hygiene (90.5%), instruction for speaking (89.8%); instruction for adherence to drug treatment (89.6%); instructions for adherence to the diet (75.2%); personal hygiene/exercise instructions (71.3%). 89.8% of the patients rated the general care results of the nurses as good. The study results also showed that ethnicity and pain level after surgery are related to the results of care for patients with tonsillectomy. Patients with Viet ethnicity rate better care outcomes OR=3.82 (95%CI: 1.17-12.49); The more pain the patient has after surgery, the better the care: moderate/mild pain OR=3.29 (95%CI: 1.05-10.27); severe pain/very severe pain OR=7.14 (95%CI: 1.04-320.07). Conclusion: It is necessary to pay more attention to health counseling and guidance for Hoa, Khmer ethnicity patients, and patient who have pain after surgery.
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Gupta, Dipak Kumar, and Poonam Kumari Shah. "Pediatric Otological Disorders: An In-Hospital Study." Nepal Journal of Health Sciences 1, no. 2 (December 31, 2021): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njhs.v1i2.42372.
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Introduction: Social factors influencing the likelihood of developing pediatric Ear, Nose, and Throat (ENT) disorders include socioeconomic status, the type of family, overcrowding, and access to health care, which are prevalent in developing countries like Nepal. Nepalese populations are not well documented with regards to pediatric ENT disorders. Objective: The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of ENT disorders in pediatric patients attending hospitals. Methods: This is a cross-sectional descriptive study that was conducted at Janaki Medical College, Janakpur between January and September of 2021. Consecutive children from Janaki Medical College between the ages of 6 months and 18 years with otological complaints participated in the study. Afterward, the diagnosis was derived from patients’ OPD cards or by contacting them by phone. Results: The mean ages of male and female participants were 3.2± 2.7 years old and 4.9 ± 2.6 years respectively. Out of the study participants who complained about otological complaints, the majority (37.45%) had ear wax on their ears, followed by foreign bodies (21.30%) and acute otitis externa (9.2%). Among foreign bodies encountered, rubber (35.48%) was most common, followed by seed (24.19%). Conclusions: Pediatric ear diseases are very common. In the majority of cases, ear wax and foreign bodies were found. By raising awareness about ear hygiene and disease, we can reduce the problems associated with them. Keywords: Ear, nose, and throat; otology; pediatric; prevalence.
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M., Hanumantha Prasad, Ravi D., Balaji N. K., Sowmya T. R., Sahana Puttaraju, and Nirmala Jagadish. "Analysis of type of tympanograms across different age groups in a tertiary care hospital: a retrospective study." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 4, no. 2 (February 23, 2018): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20180716.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Tympanometry is a non-invasive test clinical test for the assessment of middle ear status/functioning. Several studies over the past few years have produced conflicting results regarding changes in the middle ear function with advancing age. Hence, the present study is aimed to give evidences on distributions of type of tympanograms in males and females under various age groups.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The study followed retrospective design, where data collected from January 2017 to October 2017 were used. A total of 2,292 tympanograms of the 1146 patients were analysed. Descriptive statistics and Wilcoxon’s signed rank test were used. A p-value <0.05 was considered as significant. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> It was documented that higher occurrence of ‘B’ type and ‘A<sub>d</sub>’ type of tympanogram in paediatric group and geriatric group respectively. As it is expected, ‘A’ type of tympanogram is predominant in adult and older adult group. Also, there was no gender difference seen in type of tympanograms.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Higher occurrence of ‘B’ type of tympanogram in paediatric group warrants medical line of treatment and educating on ear-hygiene in them.</p>
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Noah, N. "Tattooing and piercing – the need for guidelines in EU." Eurosurveillance 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.2807/esm.11.01.00589-en.
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As in Amsterdam [1], the impetus for UK guidelines for hygienic tattooing came from an outbreak of hepatitis B caused in 1978 by a tattooist. The outbreak resulted in 30 primary and three secondary cases [2]. Guidelines for hygienic tattooing followed soon after, and were taken up, fairly enthusiastically on the whole, by the tattooists. These were expanded in 1982 to include acupuncture, ear-piercing and hair electrolysis. Laws to control the hygiene of these practitioners were introduced at the same time {Local Government Miscellaneous Provisions Act 1982 [amended 2003] and the Greater London Council [General Powers] Act 1982}. Body piercing was hardly heard of at the time: although it was undoubtedly and somewhat furtively practised, it was not as popular or as open as it is now. Guidelines for beauty therapy, hygienic hairdressing and micropigmentation followed.
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Koirala, Bipin, Sriti Manandhar, and Rajeev Kumar Shah. "Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Ear care among Pre clinical Medical students at Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital." Birat Journal of Health Sciences 5, no. 3 (December 30, 2020): 1236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/bjhs.v5i3.33705.
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Introduction: Ear care is a part of social cleanliness. It may not demand much care but proper and adequate care is essential to protect the optimal functions. The knowledge and awareness of ear care practice however is still lacking. Non –hygienic individual behaviors and habits like penetrating foreign objects, exposure to loud noise may affect the human ear. Lack of proper ear care may lead to many diseases and its complications..
Objectives : To assess the knowledge attitude and practice of ear care of pre clinical medical students attending Birat Medical College. To correlate the knowledge, attitude and practice of ear care of pre clinical medical students.
Methodology: A descriptive cross sectional study was done in 151 students of pre clinical sciences of Birat Medical College for a period of two months from 15th Sept 2020 to 15 November, 2020. After the ethical clearance a specifically designed semi structured questionnaire containing yes and no questions was prepared in goggle form and distributed among all the pre clinical medical students of Birat Medical College Teaching Hospital students and then their response was evaluated.
Result: Students of pre clinical sciences had good knowledge, attitude and practice of ear care. Significant correlation was seen between knowledge and practice and also between knowledge and attitude. However there was no significant correlation between attitude and practice.
Conclusion: Overall knowledge, attitude and practice of preclinical medical students of Birat Medical College was good. Surprisingly students showed poor knowledge, attitude and practice in few individual questionnaires which was hoped that the medical students know more than lay individual in the society
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Joshi, Himanshu, Satyanjaya Sahoo, and Vikas Kumar. "Quality health care in Indian setup: an ear, nose, throat outpatient department-based approach for quality health care indicators." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 7, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20205400.
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<p><strong>Background:</strong> In this era doctor patient relationship facing hard times, especially in Indian setup. It is immensely evident in form of increasing lawsuits and violence against doctors. This brings patient centred approach with patient satisfaction into picture and further leads to concepts of quality health care. There is raised attention on enhancing the quality of life through the quality council of India. Here is an attempt to look for any causal association with the help of some routine indicators which if modified can lead to better state of doctor patient relationship.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> This study has taken patient satisfaction into consideration with the help of quality care parameters at ear, nose, throat (ENT), outpatient department in Indian setup. These indicators are based on parameters divided into hospital domain and doctor domain and each parameter is graded on 5-point Likert scale.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Score under doctor domain are significantly high statistically. Examination and communication by doctor (domain) are the parameters which scored the most. Under hospital domain the highest preference by patients in terms of score was given to hygiene and sanitation of hospital.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Quality health care is multifactorial and parameters under hospital domain and doctor domain are interdependent to much extent. It has been concluded statistically that examination and communication by doctor derives a better sense of trust and doctor patient relationship significantly.</p>
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Atta, H. I., and F. F. Umar. "Prevalence of otitis media in children attending a Primary Health Care Center in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria." Ife Journal of Science 23, no. 1 (May 3, 2021): 123–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v23i1.12.
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Otitis media is an inflammatory disease of the mucosal lining of the middle ear. It occurs more frequently in children due to the shorter and more horizontal eustachian tube in their ears. The focus of this study is determining the prevalence of otitis media in children aged 6 months – 10 years attending a primary health care facility in Samaru, Zaria, Nigeria. Fifty swabs from ear discharge and imparted wax were obtained from the study subjects regardless of whether they were presenting with symptoms of otitis media or not. Information on certain symptoms, as well as demographic and risk factors was obtained through the use of questionnaires. A prevalence of 54% of otitis media was obtained in this study. The following bacterial species were isolated: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (25.7%), Escherichia coli (25.7%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%), Staphylococcus aureus (14.3%), Proteus mirabilis (8.6%), Coagulase negative Staphylococci (8.6%) and Proteus vulgaris (3.7%). The infection was observed to be higher in children in the age range, six months to two years. Risk factors such as the use of cotton buds in cleaning the ear, posture of the child during breast-feeding and not being exclusively breast-fed were shown to be very prominent among the children studied. Antibiotic susceptibility tests revealed that among the Gram negative bacteria isolated, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae were resistant to more than two antibiotics. Coagulase negative Staphylococcus was resistant to all the antibiotics except Ceftriaxone, Streptomycin and Cefuroxime. On the other hand, Staphylococcus aureus was susceptible to all the antibiotics tested with the exception of Cefuroxime, Ceftriaxone and Ampiclox. Therefore, it is recommended that antibiotic susceptibility testing be conducted before treatment of otitis media in children. The importance of exclusive breast-feeding and good personal hygiene should be emphasized to nursing mothers.
Key words: Otitis media, Children, Bacteria, Antibiotics, Zaria
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Schwartz, Seth R., Anthony E. Magit, Richard M. Rosenfeld, Bopanna B. Ballachanda, Jesse M. Hackell, Helene J. Krouse, Claire M. Lawlor, et al. "Clinical Practice Guideline (Update): Earwax (Cerumen Impaction) Executive Summary." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 156, no. 1 (January 2017): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599816678832.
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The American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation (AAO-HNSF) has published a supplement to this issue of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery featuring the updated Clinical Practice Guideline: Earwax (Cerumen Impaction). To assist in implementing the guideline recommendations, this article summarizes the rationale, purpose, and key action statements. The 11 recommendations emphasize proper ear hygiene, diagnosis of cerumen impaction, factors that modify management, evaluating the need for intervention, and proper treatment. An updated guideline is needed due to new evidence (3 guidelines, 5 systematic reviews, and 6 randomized controlled trials) and the need to add statements on managing cerumen impaction that focus on primary prevention, contraindicated intervention, and referral and coordination of care.
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Mumtaz Khan, Tayyab, Jehanzeb Akram, Fahad Muneer, Daniyal Ilyas, Hafiz Muhammad Ahmed, Asghar Khan, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem, Umair Hafeez, Fareena Nawab, and Muhammad Waleed Nasir. "Risk factors of acute otitis media among infants in a tertiary care hospital in Rawalpindi: a descriptive cross-sectional study." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 8, no. 9 (August 25, 2022): 711. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20222161.
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<p><strong>Background: </strong>Acute otitis media (AOM) is the second most common disease of childhood. Many factors play role in the causation of AOM. However, the research-based data on risk factors for AOM in infants is still inadequate. Objective were this study<strong> </strong>aimed to determine the risk factors for AOM in infants with AOM.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 189 infant patients with AOM in the otorhinolaryngology outpatient department of allied hospital of Rawalpindi medical university, Rawalpindi. Established inclusion and exclusion criteria and non-probability convenience sampling technique were utilized for the selection of patients. After taking informed consent, data were collected through a self-adapted questionnaire. Descriptive analysis was accomplished through SPSS version 25.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>AOM was more common among patients who had, an age group with a range of 9-12 months (41.28%), male gender (55.02%), lower birth order (49.73%), mothers with illiterate educational status (53.96%), mothers with the job (57.14%), lower socioeconomic status (59.25%), used bottle-feeding (46.56%), supine position during feeding (61.37%), used a pacifier (67.73%), poor feeding hygiene (58.21%), unvaccinated pneumococcal status (57.15%), and large family (63.50%). In the case of family ear infection and passive smoking, AOM incidence was more frequent among infants whose family had no history of ear infection (69.85%) and no smoking exposure (53.44%).</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>In short, the age group with a range of 9-12 months, male gender, low birth order, illiterate mothers, mothers with the job, lower socioeconomic status, bottle-feeding, supine feeding position, pacifier use, poor feeding hygiene, unvaccinated pneumococcal status, and large family size, all raise the risk of AOM incidence in infants.</p>
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Jha, Amit. "Demographic Analysis of Adult Patients Presenting With Unilateral Ear Discharge at National Medical College." Med Phoenix 3, no. 1 (August 15, 2018): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/medphoenix.v3i1.20762.
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Background: Discharging ear is a common symptom among the patients presenting in ENT OPD for consultation. The commonest cause for discharging ear is chronic otitis media. Poverty, ignorance, crowded living conditions due to large families, poor sanitation, and lack of personal and environmental hygiene are some of the main factors behind the prevalence of chronic otitis media. National medical college and teaching hospital is a tertiary care center located in Birgunj metropolitan city in central Nepal. It caters to thousands of patients with discharging ear each year.Methods: This qualitative, descriptive study was carried out in department of ENT-HNS at National Medical College and Teaching Hospital located Birgunj-15, Parsa, Province no. 2 of Nepal for duration of one year from August 1, 2014 to July 30, 2015. Two hundred and five (205) adult patients with complains of unilateral discharging ear were included in the study.Results: Mostly female patients and those in the age group of 15-30 years from Bara and Parsa districts of Nepal including the areas around the Indo-Nepal border avail the services of department of ENT-HNS of National medical college and teaching hospital.Conclusions: The delivery of ENT-HNS services to the concerned patients is insufficient and inefficient owning to various factors. The government of Nepal and India along with National medical college and teaching hospital can work together to improve the situation. Med Phoenix. Vol. 3, Issue. 1, 2018, Page: 48-51
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Kishore, Hubballi Ravi, and Reshma P. R. "Clinico-epidemiological profile of chronic otitis media at a tertiary care hospital." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 12 (November 24, 2020): 2222. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20205063.
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<p><strong>Background:</strong> Chronic otitis media equates with the term chronic suppurative otitis media that is no longer advocated as it is not necessarily a result of the gathering of pus. Incidence of this disease is higher in developing countries especially among lower socioeconomic society because of malnutrition, overcrowding, poor hygiene, inadequate health care facility and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>Eighty patients with chronic otitis media were included. After obtaining written and informed consent, they were subjected to detailed history taking and examination. Various risk factors of chronic otitis media and the morbidity caused by the disease were studied. Data was analyzed using IBM SPSS version 22.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The most common age group was 21-30 years with male predominance. Central perforation was the most common type of perforation. Various factors like low socioeconomic status, rural setup, overcrowding, malnutrition, indoor cooking, recurrent acute otitis media, recurrent upper respiratory tract infection, naso-respiratory allergies, habit of swimming, taking bath in pond, ear probing were found to cause the onset of the disease and worsen of the disease process.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Chronic otitis media results in various morbidity including increased financial burden, restricts daily activities, hence affects the psychological mindset and lowers the confidence of the patient giving them a feeling of social outcast. A proper awareness must be spread regarding these factors, maintaining personal hygiene, improving nutrition and immunity. An immediate consultation with the otorhinolaryngologist will reduce the disease progression and hence the complications. <strong></strong></p>
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Patyi, Márta, Zsuzsanna Tóth, Edit Kelemen, and Gyula Tálosi. "Neonatális Intenzív Centrumban ellátást igénylő betegeink anyai széles spektrumú béta-laktamáz-termelő baktériummal történt kolonizációjának vizsgálata és követése." Orvosi Hetilap 157, no. 34 (August 2016): 1353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/650.2016.30514.
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Introduction: The extended beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae may cause asymptomatic carriage if present in the colon of premature infants or pregnant women. Aim: To assess the incidence of colonization among mothers whose infants were admitted to Neonatal Intensive Center on the day of their delivery for this pathogen. Method: From October 1, 2013 until October 31, 2015 the authors screened mothers on the day of their delivery for this pathogen. Nineteen of the 751 anorectal swabs or stool samples were found to be positive. Mothers having positive samples were given personal education for hand hygiene, then they actively participated in the care of their babies. From some premature infants ear swab and stomach washing were taken and sent for culture on the day of their admission. In the course of their hospital stay, anorectal swabs were taken and screened for this bacteria colonization at least once. Results: None of the premature infants of the 19 extended beta-lactamase producing Enterobacteriaceae-positive mothers became positive in the studied period. Conclusion: If the mother is colonized, the spreading of pathogen to newborns can be prevented by observing the hygienic rules. Orv. Hetil., 2016. 157(34), 1353–1356.
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Ulfa, Zakia, Dewi Elfidasari, and Irawan Sugoro. "Identifikasi Khamir Patogen pada Kulit dan Telinga Anjing Peliharaan." JURNAL Al-AZHAR INDONESIA SERI SAINS DAN TEKNOLOGI 3, no. 4 (December 28, 2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.36722/sst.v3i4.236.
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<p><em>Abstrak</em> - <strong>Anjing adalah hewan kesayangan bagi manusia. Kesehatan anjing harus diperhatikan, terutama kebersihan kulit dan telinga hewan. Tingkat kebersihan yang rendah akan menyebabkan infeksi pada kulit dan telinga. Salah satu penyebab infeksi ini adalah pertumbuhan ragi yang tidak terkontrol. Pencegahan infeksi bisa dicoba dengan mengetahui jenis ragi dan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi pertumbuhannya. Identifikasi ragi dilakukan dengan metode Tape Strip Test, metode Ear Staining, dan kultur ragi. Identifikasi faktor yang mungkin mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ragi diidentifikasi dengan menyebarkan kuesioner kepada pemilik anjing. Studi ini menunjukkan bahwa ragi ditemukan pada sampel kulit dan telinga. Ragi yang ditemukan pada sampel kulit adalah Malassezia sp., Sedangkan di sampel telinga adalah Candida sp., Malassezia sp., Dan Cryptococcus sp. Faktor yang paling mempengaruhi pertumbuhan ragi pada kulit anjing atau telinga anjing adalah jenis kelamin, jenis kelamin, usia, keadaan tempat tinggal dan taman bermain, intensitas perawatan, dan frekuensi anjing dibawa ke luar.</strong></p><p> </p><p><strong><em>Kata Kunci</em></strong><em>: Anjing, Pewarnaan telinga, </em><em>Malassezia spp</em><em>, Uji Strip Tape, Ragi</em></p><p> </p><p><em>Abstract</em> - <strong>Dogs are favorite pet for humans. Dog’s health must be considered, especially the hygiene of the skin and ear of the animal. Low levels of hygiene will cause infections on the skin and ears. One cause of these infections is the uncontrolled growth of yeast. Prevention of infection can be attempted by knowing the type of yeast and factors affecting its growth. Identification of yeast was done using Tape Strip Test method, Ear Staining method, and yeast culture. Identification of factors that may affecting the growth of yeast was identified by distributing questionnaires to dog owners. This study shows that yeast was found on the sample of skin and ears. Yeast was found on the skin sample is <em>Malassezia</em> sp., while in the ear samples are <em>Candida</em> sp., <em>Malassezia</em> sp., and <em>Cryptococcus</em> sp. The factors that most affect the growth of yeast on the dog’s skin or dog’s ear are sex, breed, age, circumstance of residence and playground, intensity of care, and the frequency of the dogs are taken to the outside.</strong></p><p> </p><strong><em>Keywords</em></strong><em>: Dogs, Ear Staining, Malassezia spp., Tape Strip Test, Yeast</em>.
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G.R., Jagannath Babu, Kavya S., and Anuradha K. "Aerobic bacterial profile and their antimicrobial sensitivity pattern in patients of otitis media with ear discharge." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 9, no. 12 (November 26, 2021): 3602. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20214707.
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Background: The average prevalence of Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) in India is 5.2%. It is more prevalent due to various predisposing factors such as malnutrition, overcrowding, poor hygiene, inadequate health care, and recurrent upper respiratory tract infection. In recent years, there is increased preponderance of multi drug resistant organisms due to the irrational use of antibiotics, making treatment of CSOM more difficult.Methods: Samples from 100 subjects of uncomplicated CSOM who presented to the Oto-Rhino-Laryngology outpatient department of our hospital were collected. Aerobic bacterial profile and its Antimicrobial susceptibility were studied by conventional methods. Results were compiled and evaluated by descriptive statistics and inferential statistics.Results: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (50.7%) and Staphylococcus aureus (19.04%) were the predominant isolates in our study. Aminoglycosides and Fluoroquinolones were found to be effective first line drugs, followed by Carbapenems.Conclusions: These antibiotics can be used to prevent the life-long complications of CSOM. Timely culture and sensitivity helps in the management of these cases.
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Wahyono, Daniel Joko, Anton Budhi Darmawan, Leader Alfason, Reinhard Simbolon, Siwi Pramatama Mars Wijayanti, Wisiva Tofriska Paramaiswari, Korrie Salsabila, and Dodi Safari. "Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in Tubotympanic Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media Patients in Purwokerto, Indonesia." Indonesian Biomedical Journal 12, no. 4 (December 2, 2020): 340–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18585/inabj.v12i4.1218.
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BACKGROUND: Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) causes hearing impairment and frequently occurred in low-income country where medical care and personal hygiene are poor. Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa are the most common cause of CSOM. We investigated prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of S. aureus and P. aeruginosa from tubotympanic CSOM patients in tertiary hospital, Purwokerto, Indonesia in 2016-2017.METHODS: Ear swab specimens were collected from patients with tubotympanic CSOM. S. aureus and P. aeruginosa were isolated and identified by culture, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS), and molecular tools. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using the disk diffusion method.RESULTS: Out of ear swabs from 34 patients with tubotympanic CSOM, P. aeruginosa and S. aureus were identified in 35%patients. No Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strain was found from the ear swabs of the patients with tubotympanic CSOM. Bacterial identification using the MALDI-TOF MS was concordantly with culture and molecular tools. All S. aureus isolates showed full susceptibility to cefoxitin and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole. Resistance to tetracycline was common with only 64% of S. aureus strains being susceptible. Meanwhile, all P. aeruginosa strains were susceptible to cefepime, cetazidime, meropenem, gentamicin, and tobramycin.CONCLUSION: S. aureus and P. aeruginosa are found in patients with tubotympanic CSOM and still susceptible to different antibiotic agents. MALDI-TOF MS demonstrate rapid, accurate and robust to detect S. aureus and P. aeruginosa.KEYWORDS: Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, chronic tubotympanic suppurative otitis media
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Borgohain, Rupam, and Asha Saikia. "Complications of squamosal type of chronic otitis media- its management in a tertiary care centre." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 8, no. 12 (November 24, 2022): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20223046.
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<p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic otitis media of squamosal type is inflammation of the middle ear cleft presenting with recurrent ear discharge through a tympanic membrane perforation. The disease spectrum ranges from mild to severe forms of complications. The aim is to find the incidence of complications of unsafe CSOM, its management and the demographic profile associated with it.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This hospital-based observational study was carried out on 25 patients admitted in the ENT department of a tertiary care centre during a period of 1 year. Diagnosis was made by taking a thorough history, clinical, audiological and radiological investigations. The data collected were tabulated in Microsoft excel worksheet and the variables were summarized as percentages and proportions.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 25 patients, 9 patients had complications and the most common extracranial and intracranial complications were mastoid abscess and brain abscess respectively. Complications were more common in the age group of 11-20 years. In all the patients, multiple intravenous antibiotics were given covering gram positive, gram negative and anaerobic organisms. The intracranial complications were managed by neurosurgery or neurology followed by mastoidectomy to eradicate the disease at source.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Significant decrease has been seen in the incidence of complications and mortality due to availability of newer and effective antibiotics along with early diagnosis and intervention. However, they are still prevalent among the lower socio-economic strata, poor hygiene and overcrowding communities. This study was aimed at creating awareness among the population to avail medical treatment at the earliest possible to avoid complications.</p>
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Mahajan, R. K., Saumya Agarwal, Hishmi Jeram, and R. C. Vashishtha. "Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacterial isolates in patients of chronic suppurative otitis media in a tertiary care hospital in India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 3705. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20184434.
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Background: Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is a massive public health problem in developing countries like India, especially among low socio-economic class because of malnutrition, overcrowding, poor hygiene, inadequate health care and recurrent upper respiratory tract infections. CSOM cases unless managed effectively may land into various complications such as persistent otorrhoea, hearing impairment, mastoiditis, labyrinthitis, facial nerve paralysis to more serious intracranial abscesses.Methods: The study was carried out in a tertiary care hospital from January 2017 to December 2017 with an aim to determine the microbiological profile of ear discharge in patients suffering from CSOM and their antimicrobial susceptibility pattern using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method.Results: Out of 630 samples processed, 407 (64.6%) samples were culture positive. Most common organism isolated was Pseudomonas spp. (43.2%) followed by S. aureus (39.1%). Most of isolates recovered were multidrug resistant.Conclusions: Management of CSOM consists mainly of eradicating infection and closure of tympanic membrane. Periodic monitoring of bacterial isolates and their antibiotic susceptibility pattern is necessary for administering appropriate antibiotics as empirical treatment and also helps in reducing the potentially disabling and fatal complications of CSOM.
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Bhandari, N., and GK Shrestha. "Nutritional status and morbidity pattern in school age children in Nepal." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 8, no. 2 (September 12, 2012): 12–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i2.6832.
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School Health has been regarded as a high priority intervention in developing countries. However it has not been prioritized in Nepal for many years. The objectives of the study are to find out the nutritional status and morbidity pattern in school age children. To arouse importance of personal hygiene and healthful surrounding through information, education and communication (IEC). This cross-sectional study was administered in two schools located in Bolde phedeche and Mahure of Kavrepalanchowk. From the selected schools, a total number of 160 students studying from Grade 1 to V were enumerated in the study using census survey method. Among 160 students, the most important three problems were pediculosis 42(26.2 %), dental caries 29(18.1%), and waxy ear 27(17.1 %). Thus the school health education should put more emphasis on oral care, nutrition, personal hygiene and others. Applying classification of Indian Academy of Pediatrics: based on weight for age, 36(55.3%) boys and 34(35.8%) girls fall under 1st degree malnutrition and 15(23.07%) boys and 44(46.3%) girls fall under IInd degree malnutrition, 7(7.2 %) girls fall under IIIrd degree malnutrition.The health and nutritional standards of school children in this study were found to be unsatisfactory. Among different morbidity pediculosis is found more in girls. The present study put more emphasis on the need for initiation of school health program in the school with more on improving personal hygiene, prevention of disease like parasitic infection/infestation and improvement of their nutritional status. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal,2012,Vol-8,No-2, 12-16 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v8i2.6832
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Wardani, Andriana Tjitria Widi, and Agung Sulistyanto. "Perilaku Masyarakat terhadap Kebersihan telinga di Desa Muktiharjo Lor, Genuk Semarang." Jurnal ABDIMAS-KU: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Kedokteran 1, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/abdimasku.1.3.96-102.
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Kotoran telinga / serumen/ ear wax pada anak- anak adalah hal yang biasa dikeluhkan para orang tua, sehingga orang tua merasa serumen harus dibersihkan tanpa mengetahui tentang apa itu serumen, apa fungsi dan manfaat dari kotoran telinga. Ketidak tahuan yang mendasar ini menyebabkan orang tua sering kali memeriksakan anaknya ke dokter THT untuk dibersihkan kotoran telinganya dan tidak jarang kotoran telinga sampai mengeras bahkan sering kali menyebabkan infeksi yang berulang. Kotoran telinga yang penuh dan padat dapat mengganggu pendengaran bahkan tuli yang tidak permanen, sehingga untuk murid/ pelajar akan mengganggu dalam penerimaan pelajaran. Keadaan ini akan mengganggu proses belajar mengajar. Tujuan: Memberikan edukasi bagi masyarakat atau orang tua tentang serumen, manfaat serumen dan cara membersihkan telinga dengan benar, (2) Monitoring secara berkelanjutan tingkat pengetahuan orang tua tentang kebersihan telinga dari serumen yang keras/ obturan. Metode: Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dilakukan di Desa Muktiharjo Lor, Genuk Semarang yang diikuti 27 dengan metode penyuluhan dan pembagian kuesioner. Hasil: Didapatkan peningkatan pengetahuan masyarakat tentang kebersihan telinga. Kesimpulan: Masyarakat didesa Muktiharjo Lor, Genuk Semarang tingkat pengetahuan tentang teknik membersihkan telinga yang benar dan pengetahuan tentang dampak kebersihan telinga sangat baik sehingga diharapkan dapat mencegah terjadinya tuli sementara akibat serumen yang menumpuk dikarenakan kesalahan dalam membersihkan kotoran telinga, sehingga kegiatan ini dapat menurunkan angka ketulian di Indonesia yang merupakan program nasional dan internasional dalam pengendalian gangguan indra pendengaran: �Sound hearing 2030�.Earwax or serumen in children is a common thing that parents complain about, parents think that earwax should be cleaned without knowing what serumen is, what is the function and benefits of earwax. This basic ignorance causes parents often take their children to come to the ENT doctor to be cleaned and it is not uncommon for earwax to harden and often cause repeated infections. Full and dense earwax can interfere with hearing and even non-permanent deafness, so for students, it will interfere in the reception of lessons. This situation will interfere with the teaching and learning process. Provide education for the community or parents about serumen, the benefits of serumen and how to clean the ears properly, continuous monitoring the level of knowledge of parents about ear hygiene from earwax blockage. This community service activity was carried out in Muktiharjo Lor Village, Genuk Semarang which was attended by 27 people with the method of counseling and distribution of questionnaires. The result shows that an increase in public knowledge about ear hygiene was obtained. The community in Muktiharjo Lor, Genuk Semarang, the level of knowledge about the correct ear cleaning technique and knowledge about the impact of ear hygiene is great so that it is expected to prevent the occurrence of temporary deafness due to serum that accumulates due to errors in cleaning earwax, so that this activity can reduce the deafness rate in Indonesia which is a national and international program in control of impaired sense of hearing: "Sound hearing 2030".
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Kar, Krishna, Sasmita Pradhan, and Barada P. Samal. "Morbidity pattern of school children: a study conducted in the urban field practice area of a tertiary health care centre of Odisha, India." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 6, no. 7 (June 25, 2018): 2489. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20182841.
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Background: School is acknowledged as the place where children gain knowledge from health education sessions on various aspects of personal hygiene, sanitation and social customs. Health is one of the key factors determining the enrollment, performance and continuation in school. Objective was to study the morbidity pattern of school children.Methods: The present cross sectional study was conducted in selected schools (both govt. and Private) of urban field practice area of SCB Medical College, Cuttack, Odisha during January 2016 to December 2016. A total of 660 school going children were taken for the study. After taking informed consent of the head of the school data was collected by using a Pre-designed, pre-tested questionnaire. Clinical examination was conducted to detect any morbidity pattern.Results: In the present study most common morbidity detected was pallor (47.6%) followed by skin disease (34.5%) and dental caries (23.2%). Other morbidities found were acute respiratory infections 21.9%, eye problems 21.4%, fever 6.8%, pain abdomen 3%, diarrhoea 3.2%, ear discharge 3.9%, headache 5% and rhinitis 3.9%.Conclusions: More emphasis should be given on primordial and primary preventive measures for prevention of childhood morbidities. School based health education programme may be a useful effort in this regard.
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Schwartz, Seth R., Anthony E. Magit, Richard M. Rosenfeld, Bopanna B. Ballachanda, Jesse M. Hackell, Helene J. Krouse, Claire M. Lawlor, et al. "Clinical Practice Guideline (Update): Earwax (Cerumen Impaction)." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 156, no. 1_suppl (January 2017): S1—S29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599816671491.
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Objective This update of the 2008 American Academy of Otolaryngology—Head and Neck Surgery Foundation cerumen impaction clinical practice guideline provides evidence-based recommendations on managing cerumen impaction. Cerumen impaction is defined as an accumulation of cerumen that causes symptoms, prevents assessment of the ear, or both. Changes from the prior guideline include a consumer added to the development group; new evidence (3 guidelines, 5 systematic reviews, and 6 randomized controlled trials); enhanced information on patient education and counseling; a new algorithm to clarify action statement relationships; expanded action statement profiles to explicitly state quality improvement opportunities, confidence in the evidence, intentional vagueness, and differences of opinion; an enhanced external review process to include public comment and journal peer review; and 3 new key action statements on managing cerumen impaction that focus on primary prevention, contraindicated intervention, and referral and coordination of care. Purpose The primary purpose of this guideline is to help clinicians identify patients with cerumen impaction who may benefit from intervention and to promote evidence-based management. Another purpose of the guideline is to highlight needs and management options in special populations or in patients who have modifying factors. The guideline is intended for all clinicians who are likely to diagnose and manage patients with cerumen impaction, and it applies to any setting in which cerumen impaction would be identified, monitored, or managed. The guideline does not apply to patients with cerumen impaction associated with the following conditions: dermatologic diseases of the ear canal; recurrent otitis externa; keratosis obturans; prior radiation therapy affecting the ear; previous tympanoplasty/myringoplasty, canal wall down mastoidectomy, or other surgery affecting the ear canal. Key Action Statements The panel made a strong recommendation that clinicians should treat, or refer to a clinician who can treat, cerumen impaction, defined as an accumulation of cerumen that is associated with symptoms, prevents needed assessment of the ear, or both. The panel made the following recommendations: (1) Clinicians should explain proper ear hygiene to prevent cerumen impaction when patients have an accumulation of cerumen. (2) Clinicians should diagnose cerumen impaction when an accumulation of cerumen, as seen on otoscopy, is associated with symptoms, prevents needed assessment of the ear, or both. (3) Clinicians should assess the patient with cerumen impaction by history and/or physical examination for factors that modify management, such as ≥1 of the following: anticoagulant therapy, immunocompromised state, diabetes mellitus, prior radiation therapy to the head and neck, ear canal stenosis, exostoses, and nonintact tympanic membrane. (4) Clinicians should not routinely treat cerumen in patients who are asymptomatic and whose ears can be adequately examined. (5) Clinicians should identify patients with obstructing cerumen in the ear canal who may not be able to express symptoms (young children and cognitively impaired children and adults), and they should promptly evaluate the need for intervention. (6) Clinicians should perform otoscopy to detect the presence of cerumen in patients with hearing aids during a health care encounter. (7) Clinicians should treat, or refer to a clinician who can treat, the patient with cerumen impaction with an appropriate intervention, which may include ≥1 of the following: cerumenolytic agents, irrigation, or manual removal requiring instrumentation. (8) Clinicians should recommend against ear candling for treating or preventing cerumen impaction. (9) Clinicians should assess patients at the conclusion of in-office treatment of cerumen impaction and document the resolution of impaction. If the impaction is not resolved, the clinician should use additional treatment. If full or partial symptoms persist despite resolution of impaction, the clinician should evaluate the patient for alternative diagnoses. (10) Finally, if initial management is unsuccessful, clinicians should refer patients with persistent cerumen impaction to clinicians who have specialized equipment and training to clean and evaluate ear canals and tympanic membranes. The panel offered the following as options: (1) Clinicians may use cerumenolytic agents (including water or saline solution) in the management of cerumen impaction. (2) Clinicians may use irrigation in the management of cerumen impaction. (3) Clinicians may use manual removal requiring instrumentation in the management of cerumen impaction. (4) Last, clinicians may educate/counsel patients with cerumen impaction or excessive cerumen regarding control measures.
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Wilbur, Jane, Tess Bright, Thérèse Mahon, Shaffa Hameed, Belen Torondel, Wakisa Mulwafu, Hannah Kuper, and Sarah Polack. "Developing Behaviour Change Interventions for Improving Access to Health and Hygiene for People with Disabilities: Two Case Studies from Nepal and Malawi." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 12 (December 5, 2018): 2746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15122746.
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Limited evidence exists about how to design interventions to improve access to health care for people with disabilities in low and middle-income countries (LMICs). This paper documents the development of two behaviour change interventions. Case study one outlines the design of an intervention to improve uptake of referral for ear and hearing services for children in Malawi. Case study two describes the design of an intervention to improve menstrual hygiene management for people with intellectual impairments in Nepal. Both followed existing approaches—Medical Research Council Guidance for developing and evaluating complex interventions and Behaviour Centred Design. The purpose is to demonstrate how these frameworks can be applied, to document the interventions developed, and encourage further initiatives to advance health services targeting people with disabilities. Important components of the intervention design process were: (1) systematic reviews and formative research ensure that interventions designed are relevant to current discourse, practice and context; (2) people with disabilities and their family/carers must be at the heart of the process; (3) applying the theory of change approach and testing it helps understand links between inputs and required behaviour change, as well as ensuring that the interventions are relevant to local contexts; (4) involving creative experts may lead to the development of more engaging and appealing interventions. Further evidence is needed on the effectiveness of these types of interventions for people with disabilities to ensure that no one is left behind.
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Class, Camila, Renato Silveira, Priscila Fialho, Letícia Silva, Lucas Lobão, Maria Regina Amendoeira, and Alynne Barbosa. "Family-Run Pig Farms: Research and Extension Activities for Parasite Control in a Municipality in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil." Pathogens 11, no. 9 (August 26, 2022): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens11090971.
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The parasites infesting pigs and pig farmers on family farms in Rio de Janeiro city, Brazil, were analyzed, and extension activities were carried out to impart information about parasites. Between 2020 and 2021, fecal samples were collected from 180 pigs as well as ear scrapings from 142 pigs. In addition, 34 stool specimens from farmers and their families were analyzed. The collected material was processed by parasitological techniques. Parasites were detected in 86.1% of the pigs, forms of phylum Ciliophora (70.5%), strongylids (56.7%), Strongyloides ransomi (44.4%), coccidia (38.3%) and Ascaris suum (32.2%). Sarcoptes scabiei var. suis were identified in 3.5% of the pigs. An analysis of infections by age group revealed that the general frequency of phylum Ciliophora and strongylid parasites was statistically significant. Other factors also associated with the frequency of the parasites included the type of food fed to the pigs, cleaning of the facilities, care of piglets and type of facility. The frequency of intestinal parasites of farmers themselves was low; however, the high rate of parasite infections detected in pigs highlighted the precarious conditions of hygiene of the farms. Lastly, the farmers’ participation in extension activities was a step forward in actions to improve their farm management.
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Mili, Mohan Kumar, Sultan Rezaul Hoque, Monikuntal Sarmah, and Jyotirmoy Phookan. "Results of tympanoplasty in reference to the condition of middle ear mucosa and edge of perforation in safe chronic otitis media." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 8, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 124. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20220141.
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<div class="Section1"><p><strong>Background: </strong>Chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM) is an important and a highly prevalent disease of the middle ear and poses serious health problem worldwide especially in developing countries where large percentage of the population lack specialized medical care, suffer from malnutrition and live in poor hygienic environmental conditions. Aim of the study was to study the outcome of tympanoplasty in the light of character of edge of perforation and middle ear mucosa condition.</p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>This prospective study was conducted in 39 patients who underwent tympanoplasty in the department of ENT and head and neck surgery, Assam medical college and hospital, Dibrugarh between 1<sup>st</sup> June 2019 to 31<sup>st</sup> May 2020. Rim of perforated tympanic membrane and middle ear mucosa were sent for HPE. Three post-operatives follow up were done and surgical success was measured in terms of graft uptake and improvement in hearing.</p><p><strong>Results: </strong>Out of 39 cases, successful graft uptake was seen in 33 (84.62%) cases. Extension of migration of squamous epithelium in the undersurface of tympanic membrane was found in all 6 cases (3 had complete epidermosis while 3 had partial). All the six graft failure cases had diseased middle ear mucosa, mostly infected hypertrophied mucosa and tympanosclerosis with infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells and 1 patient had keratosis flakes with vascular stroma.</p><p><strong>Conclusions: </strong>Hypertrophic changes with inflammation of middle ear mucosa and epidermosis on the medial surface of tympanic membrane was found to have negative influence on the tympanoplasty outcome.</p></div>
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Bertin, Mary L., Joan Vinski, Steven Schmitt, Camille Sabella, Lara Danziger-Isakov, Michael McHugh, Gary W. Procop, Geraldine Hall, Steven M. Gordon, and Johanna Goldfarb. "Outbreak of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization and Infection in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Epidemiologically Linked to a Healthcare Worker With Chronic Otitis." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 27, no. 6 (June 2006): 581–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/504933.
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Objective.To describe the investigation and interventions necessary to contain an outbreak of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonization and infection in a neonatal intensive care unit (NICU).Design.Retrospective case finding that involved prospective performance of surveillance cultures for detection of MRSA and molecular typing of MRSA by repetitive-sequence polymerase chain reaction (rep-PCR).Setting.Level III NICU in a tertiary care center.Participants.Three neonates in a NICU were identified with MRSA bloodstream infection on April 16, 2004. A point prevalence survey identified 6 additional colonized neonates (attack rate, 75% [9 of 12 neonates]). The outbreak strain was phenotypically unusual.Interventions.Cohorting and mupirocin therapy were initiated for neonates who had acquired MRSA during the outbreak. Contact precautions were introduced in the NICU, and healthcare workers (HCWs) were retrained in cleaning and disinfection procedures and hand hygiene. Noncolonized neonates and newly admitted patients had surveillance cultures performed 3 times per week.Results.Two new colonized neonates were identified 1 month later. HCW X, who had worked in the NICU since June 2003, was identified as having chronic otitis. MRSA was isolated from cultures of swab specimens from HCW X's ear canal and nares. HCW X was epidemiologically linked to the outbreak. Molecular typing (by rep-PCR) confirmed that the isolates from HCW X and from the neonates were more than 90% similar. Retrospective review of NICU isolates revealed that the outbreak strain was initially cultured from a neonate 2 months after HCW X began working on the unit. The epidemic strain was eradicated after removing HCW X from patient care in the NICU.Conclusion.An outbreak of MRSA colonization and infection in a NICU was epidemiologically linked to a HCW with chronic otitis externa and nasal colonization with MRSA. Eradication was not achieved until removal of HCW X from the NICU. Routine surveillance for MRSA may have allowed earlier recognition of the outbreak and is now standard practice in our NICU.
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Goericke-Pesch, Sandra, and Eva-Maria Packeiser. "Reproductive Management in Catteries: Optimising health and wellbeing through veterinarian-breeder collaboration." Journal of Feline Medicine and Surgery 24, no. 9 (August 24, 2022): 881–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1098612x221118760.
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Practical relevance: Many veterinarians – even those engaged in small animal reproduction – are uncomfortable with taking care of cat breeders or being in charge of catteries. Likely reasons for this are that feline reproduction is largely under-represented in undergraduate and graduate reproduction teaching, as well as in postgraduate education and science, whereas cat breeders themselves are often well informed and actively share knowledge with other cat breeders via the internet and social media. Clinical challenges: A variety of problems can exist within a cattery, and collaboration between veterinarian and breeder to solve these is ultimately beneficial for the breeder, for the veterinarian, and for the health and wellbeing of the individual cats and of the cattery as a whole. Aim: This review presents a comprehensive overview of aspects of cattery management that might negatively impact reproduction, including sanitation, hygiene and infectious disease control. It also discusses monitoring of reproductive performance, breeding recommendations, and the diagnostic and therapeutic approach to some common and specific problems. Equipment and technical skills: Reproductive management in the cattery requires no specialised equipment, as such. What it does need is an open mind, in terms of seeing how things are done, an open ear, for listening to the breeder, and the veterinarian’s clinical skills in palpation, auscultation and, where required, further examination of the animals. Keeping abreast of the latest information on infectious diseases, disinfection and genetics ensures proper advice is provided. Evidence base: Current knowledge of reproductive management in catteries is summarised in order to apply an evidence-based approach, whenever possible. Notwithstanding, much of the information remains empirical.
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Li, Yihan, Megan Miller, and Nicole Torrence. "755 A Novel Modularized Intervention to Improve Sleep in Older Hospitalized Veterans." Sleep 44, Supplement_2 (May 1, 2021): A294. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsab072.752.
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Abstract Introduction Disturbed sleep in hospitalized patient populations is a highly prevalent phenomenon, with patients commonly reporting problems with shorter sleep duration, more frequent awakenings, and overall poorer sleep quality during hospital stay compared to at home. Sleep disturbance during hospitalization is especially problematic as sleep is associated with both physical and psychological well-being. Poorer sleep has been found to impact recovery outcomes in a number of patient populations including mild traumatic brain injury, chronic pain, and most recently, in hospitalized COVID-19 patients. The current analyses examined pilot data from a novel brief modularized sleep intervention implemented with older adult Veterans living on a subacute rehabilitation unit. Methods Participants were screened for sleep problems upon admission to the unit. Veterans who screened positive were invited to participate in the sleep intervention. Components of the intervention were selected based on screener responses and included group sleep hygiene psychoeducation, environmental accommodations (e.g. ear plugs, eye mask, soothing music), and CPAP use education. Measures completed at pre- and post- intervention assessed sleep quality (Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, PSQI), global health functioning (PROMIS Global Health Scale), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire, PHQ-9). Pre- and post- scores were compared using paired sample t-tests. Two samples t-tests compared change scores in PHQ-9 between groups. Results A total of 33 Veterans were included in the analyses (Mage = 69.6, 3 female, intervention group n = 21). Participants showed a trend toward decreased PHQ-9 scores following the intervention (t(16) = 1.58, p = 0.100). There were no significant effects of the intervention on sleep quality or global health. Compared to the non-intervention group, the intervention group showed greater decrease in PHQ-9 scores at the time of post-intervention (t(25) = .828, p = .025). Conclusion Preliminary data suggests that a brief modularized sleep intervention may benefit depressive symptoms for older adults during hospitalization. Additional research is needed to better understand the impact of a brief intervention on self-reported sleep quality during the hospitalization period. Support (if any) This project was funded by a VISN 20 Seed Grant as a Whole Health promotion in alignment with the National VA Office of Patient Centered Care & Cultural Transformation.
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Chelpachenko, Olga E., Elena I. Danilova, and Irina N. Chainikova. "Elimination and irrigation therapy to optimize the state of the nasal microbiome in children." Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, no. 1 (March 21, 2021): 50–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2021-1-50-58.
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The article summarizes the results of the work of domestic and foreign researchers on the study of homeostasis of the nasal cavity, including the state of the microbiota of the nasal mucosa in healthy children and in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The normal microbiota of the nasal cavity is represented by corynebacteria (diphtheroids), neisseria, coagulasenegative staphylococci, alpha-hemolytic streptococci. From among the transient species, such species as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherihia coli, beta-hemolytic streptococci would be found in the specified biotope. The main attention is paid to the features of the nasal microbiota in newborns and young children (dependence of the nasal microbiota on the type of feeding, age and season). The role of hypercolonization by opportunistic microflora and its persistent potential (ability to biofilm formation, degradation of lysozyme, interferon) in the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract is noted. The pathogenetic mechanisms providing multilevel protection of the organism from pathogens are considered. The expediency of using elimination-irrigation therapy as a hygienic means of sanitizing the nasal cavity in young children has been determined. The questions about the advantages of the use of isotonic solutions, their effectiveness for ensuring normal colonization resistance of the nasal mucosa are discussed. In conclusion, we must say that for hygienic care and sanitation purposes it is recommended only to rinse the nasal mucosa in newborns and infants using drops of isotonic saline solution and an aspirator to avoid aspiration and inflow of liquid into the cavity of Eustachian tube and middle ear, and also for the preventive purposes, as it allows to maintain homeostasis of the nasal mucosa and prevent the development of acute respiratory diseases.
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Kulkarni, Shreeya, Kiran S. Burse, Devashri Patil, Chaitanya Bharadwaj, Vandana Sancheti, and K. Manu Bharath. "Retrospective Study of Clinical Profile of Patients with Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media at a Tertiary Health Centre." MVP Journal of Medical Sciences 1, no. 1 (January 1, 2014): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/mvpjms/2014/v1/i1/829.
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<strong>Introduction:</strong> Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media (CSOM) is frequently associated with symptoms of inflammation like discharge from the ear or pain. In many cases, patients suffer from hearing loss causing communication problems and social withdrawal. Tubotympanic type of chronic suppurative otitis media is characterized by a perforation of pars tensa, while marginal & attic perforations are pathognomonic of attico-antral variety. The latter category is usually associated with the presence of cholesteatoma. In cases of cholesteatoma, complications like facial nerve paralysis, meningitis, cerebellar abscess, sigmoid sinus thrombosis may develop and potentially threaten the patient's life. The aim of this study was to retrospectively perform analysis of patients suffering from Chronic Suppurative Otitis Media, visiting our Tertiary Health Centre, Nashik. <strong>Materials and Methods:</strong> This was a retrospective study, conducted in a tertiary care medical college hospital over a period of 5 years. The study group comprised 528 patients in and around Nashik District and were subjected to Tympanoplasty or Mastoid surgery. <strong>Results:</strong> Complete data records from 528 patients were available for statistical analysis. Maximum numbers of patients were in age group 21-40. High prevalence of CSOM was found in females. 408 patients had CSOM of Safe type. 97 patients had CSOM of unsafe type, whereas 23 patients had unsafe CSOM with complications. 381 patients underwent Type 1 Tympanoplasty, while 31 patients underwent Modified Radical Mastoid Surgery. 61 patients were operated for MRM with Tympanoplasty and 28 patients were operated for MRM with Myringostapediopexy. 27 patients were operated for revision tympanoplasty. Different methods of tympanoplasty were performed. Simple underlay was done in 123 patients. Maximum patients about 245 were operated by cartilage support method of tympanoplasty. Anterior tucking was done in 40 patients. Myringostapediopexy was done in 28 patients. Ossiculoplasty with tragal or conchal cartilage was done in 61 patients. Graft was not placed in 31 patients. Temporalis fascia was used in maximum patients. In 90.9% of patients temporalis fascia was used. Fascia Lata was used in 3.2% of patients. <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Retrospective study of patients with CSOM shows: females were affected more than males. Majority of patients were in age group of 21 to 40 years. The reason could be that this age group is socially active and health conscious. 77.3% of patients had safe CSOM while 22.7% of patients had unsafe CSOM. 2.27% of patients had extra-cranial complication, and 2.08% of patients had intracranial complications. 5.1% of patients underwent revision tympanoplasty surgery. Temporal is fascia as a graft material was used for tympanoplasty in maximum patients, and cartilage support method of tympanoplasty was used in majority of patients. Maximum patients were operated in year 2012. This was due to conduction of camps in peripheral areas around Nashik City which shows that CSOM is more common in patients of lower socioeconomic group, overcrowding, sub-standard hygiene and under resourced health care.
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Ney, Diana F. "Cerumen impaction, ear hygiene practices, and hearing acuity." Geriatric Nursing 14, no. 2 (March 1993): 70–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0197-4572(09)90139-2.
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Patil, Sharmila, Rupali Pawaskar, and Pushpa Gupte. "Vulvovaginal hygiene and care." Indian Journal of Sexually Transmitted Diseases and AIDS 30, no. 2 (2009): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0253-7184.62778.
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Carling, Philip C. "Health Care Environmental Hygiene." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 35, no. 3 (September 2021): 609–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2021.04.005.
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Esra, Eryaman, Oter Ilhan Banu, and Aydin Erdinc. "Poor Oral Hygiene and Middle Ear Infections: Any Relationship?" Indian Journal of Otolaryngology and Head & Neck Surgery 65, no. 2 (January 13, 2013): 173–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12070-012-0616-4.
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Harkin, Hilary. "Evidence based ear care." Primary Health Care 10, no. 8 (October 2000): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc2000.10.10.8.25.c259.
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Harkin, Hilary. "Ear care guide unveiled." Primary Health Care 12, no. 9 (November 1, 2002): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/phc.12.9.20.s18.
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Fadel, Daddi, and Mindy Toabe. "Scleral Lens Hygiene and Care." Journal of Contact lens Research and Science 2, no. 1 (April 24, 2018): e30-e37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/jclrs.v2i1.20.
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Scleral lenses (ScCLs) are developed using the same material as rigid gas permeable corneal lenses yet the care of scleral lenses differs from corneal lenses. These large diameter rigid gas permeable lenses necessitate hygiene, care and compliance protocol that is more complex compared with corneal lenses. Cleaning, disinfection, storing, rinsing and applying ScCL will be discussed. Practitioners will gain confidence in ScCL care which will provide patients with a better understanding of the steps involved in ScCL disinfection leading to increased patient compliance and increased success rates. In turn, patient education will lower the risk for infection and other complications associated with ScCL.
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KAMPF, GÜNTER. "HAND HYGIENE IN PATIENT CARE." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 3, no. 4 (December 2018): 60–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2018-3-4-60-72.
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Way, Susan. "Post-delivery personal hygiene care." British Journal of Midwifery 4, no. 12 (December 1996): 633–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/bjom.1996.4.12.633.
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Carling, Philip C. "Optimizing Health Care Environmental Hygiene." Infectious Disease Clinics of North America 30, no. 3 (September 2016): 639–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.idc.2016.04.010.
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Savage, Renee M., and Diane Steverman. "Hand Hygiene — Before Patient Care." American Journal of Infection Control 39, no. 5 (June 2011): E83—E84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajic.2011.04.155.
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Semwal, Richa, Shiv Kumar Yadav, A. R. Piyush, and Bhola Nath. "Assessment of hand hygiene practices among health care providers in a government tertiary care hospital." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 10 (September 26, 2019): 4357. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194494.
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Background: Hand hygiene practices either by hand rub by disinfectant or hand washing by soap and water are very important for preventing Health care-associated infections (HCAIs). WHO have devised guidelines for hand rub and hand wash and advocated “My five moments for hand hygiene” as the approach for appropriate performance, teaching and evaluation of hand hygiene. The objective of this study is to observe hand hygiene practices, among health care providers in a tertiary care govt. hospital and document facilities available at the point of patient care for hand hygiene practices.Methods: A cross sectional observation study was conducted in 8 departments of a Government Tertiary care Hospital for observation of hand hygiene practices as Per WHO Guideline on “5 Moment of Care”. Total of 600 observations were made and one Health care provider was observed once at a point of time. Data Entry was done in MS excel and was analysed in Open Epi software.Results: Among 600 moments observed, 354 (59%) moments were those where hand hygiene practices were missed by HCPs. Among various HCPs 63% Doctors, 62% Nurses, 52% Medical students and 59% nursing students missed the hand hygiene practices. Lack of antimicrobial soap, alcohol based agents, sterile towel and hand drier were perceived barriers for hand hygiene Practices.Conclusions: There lies a huge gap in practice of hand hygiene among all cadres of health care providers. The study is able to identify the lack of infrastructure which can be improved to promote hand hygiene in wards.
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Egorova, O. A. Egorova, and A. A. Tarasov Tarasov. "Ear hygiene and helping to dissolve cerumen plugs in children." Pharmateca 1_2022 (March 1, 2022): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18565/pharmateca.2022.1.31-37.
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Rebair, Annessa. "Lend an ear with care." Nursing Standard 27, no. 10 (November 8, 2012): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.27.10.64.s61.
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Rebair, Annessa. "Lend an ear with care." Nursing Standard 27, no. 10 (November 8, 2012): 64. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns2012.11.27.10.64.p9849.
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