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Journal articles on the topic 'EALP'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Lee, Tae-Kyeong, Joon Ha Park, Bora Kim, Young Eun Park, Jae-Chul Lee, Ji Hyeon Ahn, Cheol Woo Park, et al. "YES-10, A Combination of Extracts from Clematis mandshurica RUPR. and Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS., Prevents Ischemic Brain Injury in A Gerbil Model of Transient Forebrain Ischemia." Plants 9, no. 2 (January 26, 2020): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9020154.

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Clematis mandshurica RUPR. (CMR) and Erigeron annuus (L.) PERS. (EALP) have pharmacological effects including anti-inflammatory activity and been used in traditional medicines in Asia. However, neuroprotective effects of CMR and/or EALP extracts against brain ischemic insults have never been addressed. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine neuroprotective effects of YES-10, a combination of extracts from CMR and EALP (combination ratio, 1:1), in the hippocampus following ischemia/reperfusion in gerbils. Protection of neurons was investigated by cresyl violet staining, fluoro-jade B histofluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry for neuronal nuclei. In addition, attenuation of gliosis was studied by immunohistochemistry for astrocytic and microglial markers. Treatments with 50 or 100 mg/kg YES-10 failed to protect neurons in the hippocampus after ischemia/reperfusion injury. However, administration of 200 mg/kg YES-10 protected neurons from ischemia/reperfusion injury and attenuated reactive gliosis. These findings strongly suggest that a combination of extracts from CMR and EALP can be used as a prevention approach/drug against brain ischemic damage.

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2

Brown, Rafael Dean, and Kashif Raza. "Materials Development in EALP Legal Writing Courses." Language Teaching Research Quarterly 15 (March 2020): 33–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32038/ltrq.2020.15.03.

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3

Harris, Simon. "Reaching out in legal education: Will EALP be there?" English for Specific Purposes 11, no. 1 (January 1992): 19–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0889-4906(92)90004-t.

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4

Hanada, Shingo, and Miki Horie. "Impact of the CAMPUS Asia initiative for developing Japanese students’ attitude toward mutual understanding: A case study of the Japan–China–Korea trilateral exchange program." Research in Comparative and International Education 16, no. 3 (August 22, 2021): 276–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17454999211039172.

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This article discusses the impacts of the East Asian Leaders Program (EALP) organized as a trilateral collaborative educational program participated by students from Japanese, Chinese, and Korean universities. The East Asian Leaders Program has been operated under the CAMPUS Asia initiative led by the governments of the three countries, aiming at cultivating talents who contribute to promoting mutual understanding between the three countries. The empirical analysis of this study was designed by a mixed method approach collected from 16 Japanese students. The results showed that the East Asian Leaders Program has cultivated students’ attitudes and skills for mutual understanding, including acceptance/willingness to understand, ability to consider different perspectives, self-expression and assertion, and initiative and resilience. As this study indicates that the East Asian Leaders Program is effective for fostering students’ attitudes toward mutual understanding, further policy development should consider encouraging universities to develop such practices to increase intra-Asian student mobility as an alternative strategy for the internationalization of higher education.

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Berhanuddin, MA, NF Mohamad, AA Ayoub, M. Kamaruzaman, IH Baharuddin, and IH Ismail. "Model to Aid Teaching of Electronic Apex Locator Use for Endodontics in Dental Pre-Clinical Training – A UiTM Experience Pilot Study." Compendium of Oral Science 8, no. 1 (September 1, 2021): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/cos.v8i0.17483.

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Background: Electronic Apex Locators (EAL) has been increasingly used to facilitate working length determination in endodontics. This instrument is becoming more important to be used in addition to radiographs. A steep learning curve has existed between EAL use in the clinical, from the pre-clinical settings. Objectives: To fabricate a model that will facilitate dental students to use Electronic Apex Locator (EAL) in the dental simulation clinic and to conduct a questionnaire-based survey to investigate Electronic Apex Locator Model (EALM) effectiveness. Materials and Methods: Construction of model master jaw, EALM, using materials available in the prosthetic laboratory. The model can be mounted on the phantom head which when connected to an EAL will simulate its clinical use. A validated questionnaire was distributed to a group of n=10 pre-clinical students before and after demonstration conducted at the simulation clinic. Results: A prototype EALM was successfully fabricated at Universiti Teknologi MARA Dental Prosthetic Laboratory. with features incorporating conductive-media-chamber, with attached anatomically-correct fabricated model teeth. The teeth were constructed incorporating continuous access cavity, root canal, through to a patent apex. When attached to the jaw model, the electrical circuit was connected allowing EAL to function. Conclusion: EALM can be conveniently constructed at the Dental Prosthetic Laboratory by using materials readily available here. Furthermore, a steep learning curve exist between pre-clinical and clinical studies was bridged by the use this EALM and this allowed familiarity of clinical handling EAL. However, this study was limited by the small number of students exposed to this new method. Further prospective study is required by increasing the sample size to provide more significant results.

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Wang, Renze, Boning Liang, Yapeng Yang, Zongyang Feng, Linsheng Jia, Ning Wang, and Yining Liu. "Design and development of code for emergency action level in a reprocessing plant." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 983, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/983/1/012040.

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Abstract Emergency action level (EAL) development is an important tool of emergency decision-making support; EAL is an important basis for emergency response of reprocessing plants. The method recommended by DOE to determine EAL is emergency planning hazards assessment (EPHA). Based on the EPHA methodology, development method of EAL for a reprocessing plant was proposed and then the method was applied and the results were analyzed and utilized. Based on the EAL matrix of a reprocessing plant, an EAL code was designed, programmed and tested. Design of the code mainly includes data grouping, flowchart drawing, frame layer design and presentation layer design. Specifically, data was grouped into 25 groups based on the actual acquisition of data and requirements of judgments for EALs, and flowcharts includes the main flowchart, the automatic judgment flowchart and the manual judgment flowchart. The core judgment module of code for emergency action level in a reprocessing plant was coded by FORTRAN language, and the user interface was developed by Java language. EALs could be determined by relevant characteristic data. Tests are divided into internal tests of the functional module and third-party independent tests. The present results show that the code is exact and reliable, and then the code could be an important auxiliary tool for emergency preparedness and response.

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7

Mohammad-Sidik, Amirah, Jian Sun, Ryoung Shin, Zhizhong Song, Youzheng Ning, Elsa Matthus, Katie A. Wilkins, and Julia M. Davies. "Annexin 1 Is a Component of eATP-Induced Cytosolic Calcium Elevation in Arabidopsis thaliana Roots." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22020494.

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Extracellular ATP (eATP) has long been established in animals as an important signalling molecule but this is less understood in plants. The identification of Arabidopsis thaliana DORN1 (Does Not Respond to Nucleotides) as the first plant eATP receptor has shown that it is fundamental to the elevation of cytosolic free Ca2+ ([Ca2+]cyt) as a possible second messenger. eATP causes other downstream responses such as increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and nitric oxide, plus changes in gene expression. The plasma membrane Ca2+ influx channels involved in eATP-induced [Ca2+]cyt increase remain unknown at the genetic level. Arabidopsis thaliana Annexin 1 has been found to mediate ROS-activated Ca2+ influx in root epidermis, consistent with its operating as a transport pathway. In this study, the loss of function Annexin 1 mutant was found to have impaired [Ca2+]cyt elevation in roots in response to eATP or eADP. Additionally, this annexin was implicated in modulating eATP-induced intracellular ROS accumulation in roots as well as expression of eATP-responsive genes.

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8

León-López, María, Daniel Cabanillas-Balsera, Victoria Areal-Quecuty, Jenifer Martín-González, María C. Jiménez-Sánchez, Juan J. Saúco-Márquez, Benito Sánchez-Domínguez, and Juan J. Segura-Egea. "Influence of Coronal Preflaring on the Accuracy of Electronic Working Length Determination: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 2760. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10132760.

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Aim. To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis according to the following PICO question: in extracted human permanent teeth, does preflaring, compared with unflared canals, influence the accuracy of WL determination with EAL? Material and Methods. A systematic review was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist, using the following databases: PubMed, Science Direct, Scopus, and Web of Science. Studies related to WL determination using EAL both in preflared and unflared root canals of extracted human teeth were included. The outcome of interest was the accuracy of the electronic WL determination. A quality assessment of the included studies was performed, determining the risk of bias. The meta-analyses were calculated with the 5.4 RevMan software using the inverse variance method with random effects. PROSPERO registration: CRD42021243412. Results. Ten experimental studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria, and most of them found that preflaring increases the accuracy of the EALs in WL determination. The calculated OR was 1.98 (95% CI = 1.65–2.37; p < 0.00001; I2 = 10%), indicating that the determination of WL by EALs is almost twice as accurate in preflared canals. The accuracy of Root ZX in WL determination increases more than three times (OR = 3.25; p < 0.00001). Preflaring with Protaper files significantly increases the accuracy of EALs (OR = 1.76; p < 0.00001). The total risk of bias of the included studies was low. No obvious publication bias was observed. Conclusions. The results indicate a significant increase in the accuracy of WL determination with EAL after preflaring, doubling the percentage of exact measurements. Preflaring should be recommended as an important step during mechanical enlargement of the root canal, not only because it improves the access of the files to the canal, but also because it allows one to obtain more accurate electronic determinations of WL.

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Paludo, Laura, Sophia Lopes de Souza, Marcus Vinícius Reis Só, Ricardo Abreu da Rosa, Fabiana Vieira Vier-Pelisser, and Marco Antônio Húngaro Duarte. "An in vivo radiographic evaluation of the accuracy of Apex and iPex electronic Apex locators." Brazilian Dental Journal 23, no. 1 (2012): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-64402012000100010.

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The aim of this study was to evaluate in vivo the clinical applicability of two electronic apex locators (EALs) - Apex (Septodont) and iPex (NSK) - in different groups of human teeth by using radiography. The working lengths (WLs) of 100 root canals were determined electronically. The EAL to be used first was chosen randomly and a K-file was inserted into the root canal until the EAL display indicated the location of the apical constriction (0 mm). The K-file was fixed to the tooth and a periapical radiograph was taken using a radiographic film holder. The K-file was removed and the WL was measured. The same procedure was repeated using the other EAL. Radiographs were examined with the aid of a light-box with lens of ×4 magnification by two blinded experienced endodontists. The distance between the file tip and the root apex was recorded as follows: (A) +1 to 0 mm, (B) -0.1 to 0.5 mm, (C) -0.6 to 1 mm, (D) -1.1 to 1.5 mm, and (E) -1.6 mm or greater. For statistical purposes, these scores were divided into 2 subgroups according to the radiographic apex: acceptable (B, C, and D) and non-acceptable (A and E). Statistically significant differences were not found between the results of Apex and iPex in terms of acceptable and non-acceptable measurements (p>0.05) or in terms of the distance recorded from file tip and the radiographic apex (p>0.05). Apex and iPex EALs provided reliable measurements for WL determination for endodontic therapy.

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Diemer, Franck, Emma Plews, Marie Georgelin-Gurgel, Lora Mishra, and Hyeon-Cheol Kim. "Effect of Sodium Hypochlorite Concentration on Electronic Apex Locator Reliability." Materials 15, no. 3 (January 23, 2022): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15030863.

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This ex vivo study aimed to measure the performance of an electronic apex locator (EAL) in the presence of sodium hypochlorite irrigants with different concentrations. Two EALs (Root ZX Mini and Locapex 6) were used to locate the apical foramen in 10 extracted single-rooted teeth in the presence of 0.5%, 2.5% and 5% sodium hypochlorite. Visual working lengths were also determined using #10 K-file under a microscope before the electronic measurements were made. The performance of both EALs was compared for the electronic working lengths determined under the different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite. A multiple-way ANOVA and PLSD Fisher’s test with an α risk fixed at 5% were conducted. There were no statistical differences in the working lengths determined by both EALs between the three groups with different concentrations of sodium hypochlorite and their visual control measurements. When a ± 0.5 mm margin was applied, the Root ZX Mini and the Locapex 6 presented 88% and 83% accuracy, respectively. Sodium hypochlorite concentration in irrigants does not affect the accuracy and reliability of either the Root ZX Mini or the Locapex 6. Electronic apex locators are reliable with any concentration of sodium hypochlorite irrigants.

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11

Clark, Greg, and Stanley Roux. "Role of Ca2+ in Mediating Plant Responses to Extracellular ATP and ADP." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 19, no. 11 (November 14, 2018): 3590. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113590.

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Among the most recently discovered chemical regulators of plant growth and development are extracellular nucleotides, especially extracellular ATP (eATP) and extracellular ADP (eADP). Plant cells release ATP into their extracellular matrix under a variety of different circumstances, and this eATP can then function as an agonist that binds to a specific receptor and induces signaling changes, the earliest of which is an increase in the concentration of cytosolic calcium ([Ca2+]cyt). This initial change is then amplified into downstream-signaling changes that include increased levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide, which ultimately lead to major changes in the growth rate, defense responses, and leaf stomatal apertures of plants. This review presents and discusses the evidence that links receptor activation to increased [Ca2+]cyt and, ultimately, to growth and diverse adaptive changes in plant development. It also discusses the evidence that increased [Ca2+]cyt also enhances the activity of apyrase (nucleoside triphosphate diphosphohydrolase) enzymes that function in multiple subcellular locales to hydrolyze ATP and ADP, and thus limit or terminate the effects of these potent regulators.

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12

Garska, Jessica, and Sarah O'Brien. "POWER, IDENTITY, AND CULTURE IN INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS' PERCEPTIONS OF ACADEMIC WRITING." Trabalhos em Linguística Aplicada 58, no. 1 (April 2019): 62–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/010318138653426454991.

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ABSTRACT Issues surrounding English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and its use by English as an additional language (EAL) students in higher education have become increasingly significant in recent years, fueled both by increased international student mobility and increased linguistic and cultural diversity within and outside of the student body. As well as posing language-related challenges, the transfer of EAL students to an English-speaking foreign university also demands the negotiation of new university expectations, channeled through a new cultural environment. While Academic Literacies research has identified that concepts such as power, identity, and culture play a role in academic writing, students’ own perceptions remain relatively unexplored. Consequently, this study analyzes the ways in which EAL students articulate their relationship with academic writing at a tertiary institution in Ireland. Data for this study were gathered through questionnaires and interviews and analyzed through discourse analysis through a critical lens. The findings suggest that while participants generally positively reflect on their ability to negotiate academic writing through the English language, there is nonetheless a high level of conflict between dominant linguistic norms and the students’ expression of their identity and culture.

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Hodges, John. "EAAP NEWS+EAAP EMBLEM." Livestock Production Science 65, no. 3 (August 2000): 271–310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(00)00215-3.

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14

Hu, Hao, Yuling Liu, Yingjie Yang, Hongqi Zhang, and Yuchen Zhang. "New Insights into Approaches to Evaluating Intention and Path for Network Multistep Attacks." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2018 (July 10, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4278632.

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The attack graph (AG) is an abstraction technique that reveals the ways an attacker can use to leverage vulnerabilities in a given network to violate security policies. The analyses developed to extract security-relevant properties are referred to as AG-based security evaluations. In recent years, many evaluation approaches have been explored. However, they are generally limited to the attacker’s “monotonicity” assumption, which needs further improvements to overcome the limitation. To address this issue, the stochastic mathematical model called absorbing Markov chain (AMC) is applied over the AG to give some new insights, namely, the expected success probability of attack intention (EAIP) and the expected attack path length (EAPL). Our evaluations provide the preferred mitigating target hosts and the vulnerabilities patching prioritization of middle hosts. Tests on the public datasets DARPA2000 and Defcon’s CTF23 both verify that our evaluations are available and reliable.

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Hultgren, Anna Kristina. "English as the Language for Academic Publication: on Equity, Disadvantage and ‘Non-Nativeness’ as a Red Herring." Publications 7, no. 2 (April 29, 2019): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications7020031.

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Within the fields of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) and English for Research Publication Purposes (ERPP), the question of whether English as an Additional Language (EAL) scholars are disadvantaged by the pressure to publish in English continues to be debated. In this paper, I challenge this orthodoxy, raising questions about the evidence upon which it is based. Within a framework of ‘verbal hygiene’, I will argue that the attention accorded to ‘non-nativeness’ may be disproportionate to its significance for publication success. I conclude by proposing some reorientations for researchers and practitioners in the field that encompass non-linguistic structures of inequity.

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Slámová, Martina, Alexandra Kruse, Ingrid Belčáková, and Johannes Dreer. "Old but Not Old Fashioned: Agricultural Landscapes as European Heritage and Basis for Sustainable Multifunctional Farming to Earn a Living." Sustainability 13, no. 9 (April 22, 2021): 4650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13094650.

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Today, farmers are multioptional entrepreneurs, demanding far more skills than only those of agricultural production. The awareness of European agricultural landscape (EAL) values should enable farmers to create new business strategies. Open education repositories (OERs) based on online vocational education and training (VET) are still not widespread. The project FEAL (multifunctional farming for the sustainability of EALs) has brought interactive material online based on results of two questionnaire surveys performed in Germany, Italy, Slovakia, Slovenia, and Spain. A survey of 31 experts confirmed that VET activities are very much needed for farmers. A survey of 28 farmers had different aims and content. Data collected from farmers were used to evaluate basic farm attributes, farmers’ characteristics, and keywords indicating the farms’ activities, multifunctionality and sustainability, and EALs, specifying the presence of nature- and landscape-protected areas. A decision-making schema, applying a collection of terms from literature analysis and the questionnaire’s results, is a support tool to develop a model of a farm that contributes to the preservation of the landscape’s character, strengthening the landscape’s quality, and sustainable business. The model presents the interactions of the farm (its territory and ancestral heritage, control of natural resources, tourism services and cultural events, public goods provision, and quality guarantees); socioeconomic strategies regarding quality, marketing, communication, business operation, and monitoring are proposed.

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Dedić, Nedim. "EAFP." Journal of information and organizational sciences 45, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 223–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.31341/jios.45.1.10.

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Enterprise Architecture (EA) is well researched and well-developed concept, and even a two decades ago there were a plenty of frameworks in this field. However, the functional integration of EA at operational and tactical levels in organisations is identified as one of the biggest challenges faced by many Enterprise Architects today. To overcome this challenge, a comprehensive literature review on EA is conducted, which resulted with the identification of the knowledge gap. To overcome this gap, Enterprise Architecture Fusion Process (EAFP), a novel practical approach that demonstrates the capability of integrating EA activities into operational and tactical activities in respective organisation is developed and presented in this paper.

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Xu, Yuanzhong, Tyler Hunt, Youngjin Kwon, Martin Georgiev, Vitaly Shmatikov, and Emmett Witchel. "EARP." GetMobile: Mobile Computing and Communications 20, no. 3 (January 5, 2017): 29–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3036699.3036709.

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Hodges, John. "EAAP." Livestock Production Science 67, no. 1-2 (December 2000): 155–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(00)00238-4.

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MacDonald, Jennifer. "The Margins as Third Space: EAP Teacher Professionalism in Canadian Universities." TESL Canada Journal 34, no. 1 (May 1, 2017): 106–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.18806/tesl.v34i1.1258.

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Teachers of English for Academic Purposes (EAP) in the Canadian university se ing o en experience professional marginalization in terms of lack of status, clarity of mandate, or administrative home within their institutions. Despite hav- ing broadly bene ed the ESL/EAL sector in Canada, traditional trait-focused professionalization efforts have been less effective at countering this marginalization of EAP teachers within our universities. However, these margins could be reimagined as a pedagogically innovative space for some university EAP teachers to de ne their professionalism in terms not of what they are, but what they do. Recharacterizing the margins as a third space (Whitchurch, 2008) could allow a degree of freedom for EAP teachers to best exercise their professionalism on their own terms: a postmodern professionalism focused on engagement, service, and collaboration. Les enseignants d’anglais académique en milieu universitaire canadien se retrouvent souvent marginalisés sur le plan professionnel quant à leur statut, à la clarté de leur mandat ou à leur niche administrative au sein de leur établissement. Les e orts traditionnels relatifs aux développement professionnel des enseignants visent des traits et, si leurs bienfaits se sont fait largement ressentir dans le secteur canadien de l’ALS/ALA, ils ont moins bien réussi à contrer ce e marginali- sation des enseignants d’anglais académique dans nos universités. Toutefois, ces frontières pourraient être repensées comme des espaces pédagogiques novateurs où des enseignants d’anglais académique à l’université dé nissent leur professionna- lisme, pas en termes de ce qu’ils sont, mais en termes de ce qu’ils font. La requalification des frontières comme un troisième espace (Whitchurch, 2008) pourrait créer un niveau de liberté perme ant aux enseignants d’anglais académique de me re en pratique leur professionnalisme à leur manière : un professionnalisme postmoderne axé sur l’engagement, le service et la collaboration.

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Broon, Norberto J., Claudia Azucena Palafox-Sánchez, Carlos Estrela, Diana Celeste Salazar Camarena, Mario Uribe, Israel Ceja, Carlos S. Ramos, and Alvaro Cruz. "Analysis of Electronic Apex Locators in Human Teeth Diagnosed With Apical Periodontitis." Brazilian Dental Journal 30, no. 6 (November 2019): 550–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440201902705.

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Abstract Electronic apex locators (EAL) have been used to establish the working length (WL) in root canal treatment. In teeth diagnosed with apical periodontitis, resorption of tooth apical structures can lead to difficulties to obtain an appropriate WL. The aim was to compare the capacity of three EAL’s (Root ZX II, Raypex 6 and Endo-Eze Quill) to locate the tip of the K-file between 0 to -0.5 mm from the apical foramen (AF) on teeth diagnosed with asymptomatic apical periodontitis (AAP). Electronic working length was performed on 60 roots with AAP. A K-file #15 was inserted in the root canal until the apical foramen (AF) was located, and followed was re-adjusted to -0.5 mm through observation in EAL display. The K-file was fixed to the tooth with composite and teeth were extracted. The 4 apical millimeters were worn out until the K-file could be seen and were prepared and measured its distance to AF in a scanning electron microscope. Appropriate WL was when the tip of the K-file was located between 0 to -0.5 mm from AF. Results: Root ZX II showed significant difference (p<0.01) with the other two EALs. Root ZX II presented the better performance than Raypex 6 or Endo-Eze Quill in teeth with AAP.

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Zand, Vahid, Saeed Rahimi, Paria Davoudi, and Abubakr Afshang. "Accuracy of Working Length Determination using NovApex and Root-ZX Apex Locators: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 5 (2017): 383–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2051.

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ABSTRACT Introduction This ex vivo study evaluated the accuracy of the Root-ZX electronic apex locator (EAL) (J. Morita, Tokyo, Japan) and the NovApex (Forum Technologies, Rishon Lezion, Israel) in determining the working length (WL) during endodontic treatment. Materials and methods Forty extracted single-rooted human teeth were selected for this study. The actual WL was measured with visual technique by a size #15 k-file under magnification. Then, the canal lengths were measured electronically with both Root-ZX and NovApex apex locators within ±0.5 and ±1 mm. Mean percentage of data was analyzed between groups using paired t-test, with a statistically significant level of p < 0.05. Results The accuracy of NovApex apex locator was 85% within ±0.5 mm and 92.5% within ±1 mm. The accuracy of Root-ZX apex locator was 70% within ±0.5 mm and 97.5% within ±1 mm. There was no significant difference between the accuracy of the two EALs. Conclusion Both the NovApex and Root-ZX EALs are useful for measuring the WL with high accuracy. Clinical significance Given the importance of accurate WL determination in the success of endodontic treatments, the accuracy of different apex locators should be evaluated. How to cite this article Zand V, Rahimi S, Davoudi P, Afshang A. Accuracy of Working Length Determination using NovApex and Root-ZX Apex Locators: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(5):383-385.

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Sé, Breandán Ó., and Cliodna Cussen. "Eala ealaíonta." Comhar 57, no. 1 (1998): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25573452.

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Hodges, John. "EAAP NEWS." Livestock Production Science 63, no. 2 (April 2000): 159–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(00)00178-0.

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Hodges, John. "EAAP NEWS." Livestock Production Science 69, no. 1 (April 2001): 55–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(01)00177-4.

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Hodges, John. "EAAP News." Livestock Production Science 74, no. 3 (April 2002): 291–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(02)00042-8.

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Ellis, Derek. "EARP update." Marine Pollution Bulletin 19, no. 1 (January 1988): 8–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0025-326x(88)90743-6.

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Price, Richard. "EAHP News." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 20, no. 3 (May 17, 2013): 201–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2013-000321.

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Price, Richard. "EAHP news." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 21, no. 5 (August 25, 2014): 315–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2014-000551.

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Jou, Yushiang. "Hidden challenges of tasks in an EAP writing textbook: EAL graduate students' perceptions and textbook authors’ responses." Journal of English for Academic Purposes 30 (November 2017): 13–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeap.2017.10.001.

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Snooks, Helen, Mark Kingston, Alison Porter, Hayley Hutchings, and Ian Russell. "Emergency Admission Risk Prediction (EARP) tools in primary care to reduce emergency admissions to hospital: clash of evidence and practice." British Journal of General Practice 70, suppl 1 (June 2020): bjgp20X711185. http://dx.doi.org/10.3399/bjgp20x711185.

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BackgroundPolicy initiatives have incentivised use of EARP tools in primary care to reduce emergency admissions. A recently published trial in South Wales found that EARP increased emergency admissions and emergency department attendances without clear benefits. This cost the NHS an additional £76 per patient per year. But the use of EARP in primary care across the UK was unknown.AimTo assess implementation and facilitators use of EARP tools in primary care across the UK.MethodStructured email survey of 235 UK primary care commissioners across the UK.ResultsThere were 148 (87%) of 171 responders (73%) who reported that EARP tools were available in their areas. We identified 39 different EARP tools in use. Access to EARP tools varied widely by country: Northern Ireland (100%), Scotland (91%), England (76%) and Wales (14%). Promotion by NHS commissioners, and engagement of clinical leaders and practice managers were identified as the most important factors in encouraging use of EARP tools. Research evidence was seen as less important. Nearly 40% of areas using EARP reported that they had revised services as a result, but few reported use of EARP for service evaluation.ConclusionThough EARP tools are widely available in primary care, new evidence shows that they are counter-productive. We estimate that by delaying the dissemination of EARP for evaluation NHS Wales saved >£200 million per year. We encourage further research and discussion about next steps in use of EARP tools in emergency admission prevention in the UK.

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Alami, Kawsar, Mujtaba Haidari, Khalil Ebrahimi, Ali Ahmad Makarem Nasery Bakhtiari, Meysam Sajjadi, and Sayed Yousof Mousavi. "Effect of Afghan Senjed (Elaeagnus Angustifolia L.) Leaves Aqueous Extract on Memory of Male Rats." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 12, no. 1 (March 31, 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i1.1765.

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This study is aimed to evaluate the effect of Elaeagnus Angustifolia leaves extract (EALE) on the memory of male rats. Rats were divided into 7 groups: 4 groups in the first stage (Control, EALE 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) to determine the effective-dose of EALE on memory; and 3 groups in the second stage (Normal, Scopolamine and EALE effective-dose) to evaluate the effect of EALE on scopolamine-induced memory impairment. Rats received EALE by i.p. administration for 14 days and the memory function of all groups was evaluated by the Y-maze test on days 8 and 15. Only scopolamine and effective dose of EALE groups were received scopolamine 30 min before Y-maze test. The total cholesterol and triglyceride levels of stage 2 rats were also measured. On day 8, the percentage of spontaneous alternation (%SA) was significantly increased in EALE 400 mg/kg group, as compared with the control group. On day 15, there was a significant difference in %SA only between EALE 100 mg/kg group and the control group. The %SA was significantly increased in the EALE effective-dose group only on day 15, as compared with scopolamine group (P<0.05). The effective-dose of EALE was also significantly decreased the total cholesterol (P<0.01) and triglyceride (P<0.001) levels in comparison with scopolamine group. In conclusion, a high dose of EALE only in a short-term administration period and its low dose in a long-term administration period had memory-enhancing effects. The low dose of EALE as an effective-dose of EALE could reverse the scopolamine-induced memory impairment.

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Kumakawa, Kozo, William PR Gibson, and Halit Sanli. "Estimation of T- and C-level from EAP and intraoperative implant evoked brainstem auditory potential (Imp EABP): data from adults." Cochlear Implants International 5, sup1 (September 2004): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cim.2004.5.supplement-1.34.

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Kumakawa, Kozo, William PR Gibson, and Halit Sanli. "Estimation of T- and C-level from EAP and intraoperative implant evoked brainstem auditory potential (Imp EABP): data from adults." Cochlear Implants International 5, S1 (September 2004): 34–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cii.157.

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Novy, Michael, Regina Pohn, Peter Andorfer, Tina Novy-Weiland, Barbara Galos, Ludwig Schwarzmayr, and Hans Rotheneder. "EAPP, a Novel E2F Binding Protein That Modulates E2F-dependent Transcription." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 5 (May 2005): 2181–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-11-0975.

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E2F transcription factors play an essential role in cell proliferation and apoptosis and their activity is frequently deregulated in human cancers. In a yeast two-hybrid screen we identified a novel E2F-binding protein. Due to its strong phosphorylation we named it EAPP (e2F-associated phosphoprotein). EAPP is localized in the nucleus and interacts with E2F-1, E2F-2, and E2F-3, but not with E2F-4. Examination of a number of human cell lines revealed that EAPP levels are elevated in most transformed cells. Moreover, EAPP mRNA was detected in all investigated human tissues in varying amounts. EAPP is present throughout the cell cycle but disappears during mitosis. In transfection assays with reporters controlled by either an artificial E2F-dependent promoter or the murine thymidine kinase promoter, EAPP increased the activation caused by E2F-1 but not by E2F-4. Surprisingly, the promoter of the p14ARFgene, which was also activated by E2F-1, became repressed by EAPP. Overexpression of EAPP in U2OS cells resulted in a significant increase of cells in S-phase, whereas RNAi-mediated knock down of EAPP reduced the fraction of cells in S-phase. Taken together, these data suggest that EAPP modulates E2F-regulated transcription, stimulates proliferation, and may be involved in the malignant transformation of cells.

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Zhu, Ruojia, Xiaoxia Dong, Yingying Xue, Jiawei Xu, Aiqi Zhang, Meng Feng, Qing Zhao, et al. "Redox-Responsive Transcription Factor 1 (RRFT1) Is Involved in Extracellular ATP-Regulated Arabidopsis thaliana Seedling Growth." Plant and Cell Physiology 61, no. 4 (February 12, 2020): 685–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/pcp/pcaa014.

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Abstract Extracellular adenosine triphosphate (eATP) is an apoplastic signaling molecule that plays an essential role in the growth and development of plants. Arabidopsis seedlings have been reported to respond to eATP; however, the downstream signaling components are still not well understood. In this study, we report that an ethylene-responsive factor, Redox-Responsive Transcription Factor 1 (RRTF1), is involved in eATP-regulated Arabidopsis thaliana seedling growth. Exogenous adenosine triphosphate inhibited green seedling root growth and induced hypocotyl bending of etiolated seedlings. RRTF1 loss-of-function mutant (rrtf1) seedlings showed decreased responses to eATP, while its complementation or overexpression led to recovered or increased eATP responsiveness. RRTF1 was expressed rapidly after eATP stimulation and then migrated into the nuclei of root tip cells. eATP-induced auxin accumulation in root tip or hypocotyl cells was impaired in rrtf1. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing results indicated that eATP induced some genes related to cell growth and development in wild type but not in rrtf1 cells. These results suggest that RRTF1 may be involved in eATP signaling by regulating functional gene expression and cell metabolism in Arabidopsis seedlings.

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Deane, Caitlin. "Eating up eATP." Nature Chemical Biology 17, no. 10 (September 22, 2021): 1010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41589-021-00885-5.

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Johnson, Dana. "Wyatt Earp Days." Ploughshares 47, no. 2 (2021): 89–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/plo.2021.0060.

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Rebein, Robert. "Dragging Wyatt Earp." Ecotone 3, no. 1 (2007): 145–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/ect.2007.0010.

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Sejrsen, Kris. "Future EAAP Meetings." Livestock Production Science 52, no. 3 (December 1997): 247–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0301-6226(97)90009-9.

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Langlois, B. "EAAP commission reports." Livestock Production Science 44, no. 3 (December 1995): 267–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-6226(95)90057-8.

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Price, Richard. "EAHP EU News." European Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 19, no. 5 (September 1, 2012): 453–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ejhpharm-2012-000166.

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Dzhumadil'daev, A., B. A. Omirov, and U. A. Rozikov. "On a class of evolution algebras of "chicken" population." International Journal of Mathematics 25, no. 08 (July 2014): 1450073. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129167x14500736.

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This paper is devoted to the description of structure of evolution algebras of "chicken" population (EACP). Such an algebra is determined by a rectangular matrix of structural constants. Using the Jordan form of the matrix of structural constants we obtain a simple description of complex EACP. We give the classification of three-dimensional complex EACP. Moreover, some (n + 1)-dimensional EACP are described.

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Belzl, Harry. "EAP." Trauma und Berufskrankheit 1, S1 (April 8, 1999): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00014833.

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Börner, Martin, and Detlef Leuftink. "EAP." Trauma und Berufskrankheit 1, S1 (April 8, 1999): S105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00014837.

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Leuftink, Detlef. "EAP." Trauma und Berufskrankheit 1, S1 (April 8, 1999): S99—S100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/pl00014860.

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Ke, Nan, Xupeng Zhang, Xinhai Lu, Bing Kuang, and Bin Jiang. "Regional Disparities and Influencing Factors of Eco-Efficiency of Arable Land Utilization in China." Land 11, no. 2 (February 8, 2022): 257. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11020257.

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Eco-efficiency of arable land utilization (EALU) emphasizes efficient coordination between land use systems and ecosystems. It is therefore of great significance for agricultural sustainability based on the systematic assessment of EALU. This study took carbon emissions and non-point source pollution resulting from arable land utilization into the measurement system of EALU, and a super-SBM model, kernel density estimation and Tobit regression model were used to analyze regional differences and influencing factors of EALU for 31 provinces in China from 2000 to 2019. The results showed that there was an upward trend in EALU in China from 0.4393 in 2000 to 0.8929 in 2019, with an average annual growth rate of 4.01%. At the regional level, the EALU of three categories of grain functional areas generally maintains an increasing trend, with the highest average value of EALU in main grain marketing areas (MGMAs), followed by grain producing and marketing balance areas (GPMBAs) and main grain producing areas (MGPAs). There are obvious differences in EALU among provinces, and the number of provinces with high eco-efficiency has increased significantly, showing a spatial distribution pattern of “block” clustering. In terms of dynamic evolution, kernel density curves reflect the evolution of EALU in China and grain functional areas with different degrees of polarization characteristics. The results of Tobit regression show that natural conditions, financial support for agriculture, science and technology inputs, level of industrialization, agricultural mechanization, and the living standards of farmers are significant factors resulting in regional disparities of EALU. Therefore, this study proposes the implementation of differentiated arable land use/agricultural management strategies to improve the sustainable utilization of arable land.

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Xu, Jiawei, Lijuan Han, Shuyan Xia, Ruojia Zhu, Erfang Kang, and Zhonglin Shang. "ATANN3 Is Involved in Extracellular ATP-Regulated Auxin Distribution in Arabidopsis thaliana Seedlings." Plants 12, no. 2 (January 10, 2023): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12020330.

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Extracellular ATP (eATP) plays multiple roles in plant growth and development, and stress responses. It has been revealed that eATP suppresses growth and alters the growth orientation of the root and hypocotyl of Arabidopsis thaliana by affecting auxin transport and localization in these organs. However, the mechanism of the eATP-stimulated auxin distribution remains elusive. Annexins are involved in multiple aspects of plant cellular metabolism, while their role in response to apoplastic signals remains unclear. Here, by using the loss-of-function mutations, we investigated the role of AtANN3 in the eATP-regulated root and hypocotyl growth. Firstly, the inhibitory effects of eATP on root and hypocotyl elongation were weakened or impaired in the AtANN3 null mutants (atann3–1 and atann3–2). Meanwhile, the distribution of DR5-GUS and DR5-GFP indicated that the eATP-induced asymmetric distribution of auxin in the root tips or hypocotyl cells occurred in wild-type control plants, while in atann3–1 mutant seedlings, it was not observed. Further, the eATP-induced asymmetric distribution of PIN2-GFP in root-tip cells or that of PIN3-GFP in hypocotyl cells was reduced in atann3–1 seedlings. Finally, the eATP-induced asymmetric distribution of cytoplasmic vesicles in root-tip cells was impaired in atann3–1 seedlings. Based on these results, we suggest that AtANN3 may be involved in eATP-regulated seedling growth by regulating the distribution of auxin and auxin transporters in vegetative organs.

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Baek, Seung Yeon, Fu Yi Li, Da Hee Kim, Su Jin Kim, and Mee Ree Kim. "Enteromorpha prolifera Extract Improves Memory in Scopolamine-Treated Mice via Downregulating Amyloid-β Expression and Upregulating BDNF/TrkB Pathway." Antioxidants 9, no. 7 (July 15, 2020): 620. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9070620.

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Enteromorpha prolifera, a green alga, has long been used in food diets as well as traditional remedies in East Asia. Our preliminary study demonstrated that an ethyl acetate extract of Enteromorpha prolifera (EAEP) exhibited the strongest antioxidant activity compared to ethanol or water extracts. Nonetheless, there has been no report on the effect of EAEP on memory impairment due to oxidative damage. This study investigated whether EAEP could attenuate memory deficits in an oxidative stress-induced mouse model. EAEP was orally administered (50 or 100 mg/kg body weight (b.w.)) to mice and then scopolamine was administered. The oral administration of EAEP at 100 mg/kg b.w. significantly restored memory impairments induced by scopolamine, as evaluated by the Morris water maze test, and the passive avoidance test. Further, EAEP upregulated the protein expression of BDNF, p-CREB, p-TrkB, and p-Akt. Moreover, EAEP downregulated the expression of amyloid-β, tau, and APP. The regulation of cholinergic marker enzyme activities and the protection of neuronal cells from oxidative stress-induced cell death in the brain of mice via the downregulation of amyloid-β and the upregulation of the BDNF/TrkB pathway by EAEP suggest its potential as a pharmaceutical candidate to prevent neurodegenerative diseases.

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Kpahé, Fidèle Ziéhi, André Brou Konan, and Virginie Atto. " Antithrombotic and antihemolytic effects of Lagerstroemia speciosa (Lythraceae) aqueous extract." Journal of Herbmed Pharmacology 11, no. 3 (June 27, 2022): 444–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jhp.2022.51.

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Introduction: Aqueous extract of Lagerstroemia speciosa (EALS) (Lythraceae) is widely used to treat diabetes. This plant has been shown an in vitro thrombolytic activity that indicates its potential to prevent the formation of blood clots in vivo. Thus, this study was undertaken to evaluate the antithrombotic and antihemolytic effects of EALS. Methods: Rats of both sexes (200 ± 5 g) were divided into five groups of six animals. Each group received orally distilled water, EALS (250, 500, 1000 mg/kg), and acetylsalicylic acid (100 mg/kg) for five days. After treatment, the FeCl3-induced arterial thrombus formation method was used to determine occlusion time. A coagulometer was used to detect activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) and prothrombin time (PT). Rabbit blood was used to determine clot lysis activity in vitro and antihemolytic activity using the 2,2-azobis hydrochloride (2-methylpropionamidine) (AAPH) method. Results: EALS increased the occlusion time in a dose-dependent manner. At the dose of 1000 mg/kg, EALS increased the occlusion time significantly, from 4.59 ± 2.45 minutes to 15.52 ± 2.38 minutes (P<0.01). At high concentrations (1-4 mg/mL), EALS showed a significant increase in aPPT and PT (P<0.05). Streptokinase and EALS (4 mg/mL) induced significant clot lysis with percentage values of 78.48 ± 2.2 % and 49.5 ± 1.53 %, respectively (P<0.001). EALS inhibited AAPH-induced hemolysis. Conclusion: EALS exhibited antithrombotic and antihemolytic activities. The antithrombotic property of the plant could be attributed to its anticoagulant and thrombolytic activities. Regular consumption of L. speciosa leaves may prevent or treat thrombotic diseases.

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