Journal articles on the topic 'E-wastes recycling'
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Mishra, Srabani, Sandeep Panda, Ata Akcil, Seydou Dembele, and Ismail Agcasulu. "A Review on Chemical versus Microbial Leaching of Electronic Wastes with Emphasis on Base Metals Dissolution." Minerals 11, no. 11 (November 11, 2021): 1255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min11111255.
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There is a growing interest in electronic wastes (e-wastes) recycling for metal recovery because the fast depletion of worldwide reserves for primary resources is gradually becoming a matter of concern. E-wastes contain metals with a concentration higher than that present in the primary ores, which renders them as an apt resource for metal recovery. Owing to such aspects, research is progressing well to address several issues related to e-waste recycling for metal recovery through both chemical and biological routes. Base metals, for example, Cu, Ni, Zn, Al, etc., can be easily leached out through the typical chemical (with higher kinetics) and microbial (with eco-friendly benefits) routes under ambient temperature conditions in contrast to other metals. This feature makes them the most suitable candidates to be targeted primarily for metal leaching from these waste streams. Hence, the current piece of review aims at providing updated information pertinent to e-waste recycling through chemical and microbial treatment methods. Individual process routes are compared and reviewed with focus on non-ferrous metal leaching (with particular emphasis on base metals dissolution) from some selected e-waste streams. Future outlooks are discussed on the suitability of these two important extractive metallurgical routes for e-waste recycling at a scale-up level along with concluding remarks.
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Roshna Meeran, A., and V. Nithya. "Implementation of SIFT for detection of electronic waste." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.8 (March 19, 2018): 353. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.8.10461.
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The paper focuses on the investigation of image processing of Electronic waste detection and identification in recycling process of all Electronic items. Some of actually collected images of E-wastes would be combined with other wastes. For object matching with scale in-variance the SIFT (Scale -Invariant- Feature Transform) is applied. This method detects the electronic waste found among other wastes and also estimates the amount of electronic waste detected the give set of wastes. The detection of electronics waste by this method is most efficient ways to detect automatically without any manual means.
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Shrivastava, Harsh, and Vivek Parashar. "E-Waste Causes and Management Using BASEL Convention." International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Research 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 5–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37391/ijeer.030102.
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"E-waste" is a popular, informal name for electronic products nearing the end of their "useful life. “Electronic waste" may be defined as discarded computers, office electronic equipment, entertainment device electronics, mobile phones, television sets, and refrigerators. "E-wastes are considered dangerous; ascertain components of some electronic products contain materials that are hazardous, depending on their condition and density. This includes used electronics which are destined for reuse, resale, salvage, recycling, or disposal. Others are re-usable (working and repairable electronics) and secondary scrap (copper, steel, plastic, etc.) to be "commodities", and reserve the term "waste" for residue or material which is dumped by the buyer rather than recycled, including residue from reuse and recycling operations. Many of these products can be reused, refurbished, or recycled in an environmentally sound manner so that they are less harmful to the ecosystem. This paper highlights the hazards of e-wastes, the need for its appropriate management and options that can be implemented.
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Ho, Sew Tiep, David Yoon Kin Tong, Elsadig Musa Ahmed, and Chee Teck Lee. "Factors Influencing Household Electronic Waste Recycling Intention." Advanced Materials Research 622-623 (December 2012): 1686–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.622-623.1686.
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In Malaysia, it is prevalent among many householders on accumulation of end-of-life electronics items at home and many are unclear of its disposal directive, which are likely to be disposed as household wastes. An insight into understanding their e-waste management practices and key predictors in relation to e-waste recycling intention are essential as they will lay the foundation for future effective e-waste management. This paper reports a preliminary exploration of the construct of e-waste recycling intention among householders. The data was collected from 150 respondents in Malacca, Malaysia. The results from this study showed that all the six dimensions generated are reliable with high intercorrelation among the dimensions. This implies that the measures can be used for further data collection to validate the study.
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Alani, R., A. Ogunbanmwo, D. Nwude, and M. Ogbaje. "Evaluation of the Environmental Impacts of Electronic-Waste Management in Lagos Using Alaba International Market and Ikeja Computer Village as Case Studies." Nigerian Journal of Environmental Sciences and Technology 4, no. 2 (October 2020): 283–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36263/nijest.2020.02.0212.
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The main aim of this research was to assess the extent of the problems associated with inappropriate e-waste management and recycling practices. Electronic wastes (E-wastes) are generated from products that are designed for use with a maximum voltage of 1000 volts for alternating current and 1500 volts for direct current. These wastes contain hazardous materials such as lead, mercury, cadmium, brominated flame-retardants, valuable metals such as aluminium, nickel, copper, and certain precious metals such as gold, silver and platinum group metals (PGMs) which pose both human and environmental health threats. They have negative impacts on the health of workers and nearby residents; hence, residents of buildings located around and beside e-wastes dumpsites were randomly selected for this study. Well, run-off and borehole water samples as well as soil samples from different sites in Alaba international market, and Ikeja computer village in Lagos, Nigeria were analyzed for zinc, lead, iron, copper, nickel and chromium. Using additional information from questionnaires and interviews, impacts of e-waste dumps on the health of workers and residents near the study areas were investigated. The results were analysed using descriptive frequency count and tables which confirmed the presence of heavy metals in soils and water samples of the case study areas and hence appropriate recommendations were outlined to address the menace of e-waste disposal and as well as the need for improvement in e-waste management and recycling for economic opportunities and improved health standard within the Lagos Metropolis.
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Ghimire, Hem, and Parisa A. Ariya. "E-Wastes: Bridging the Knowledge Gaps in Global Production Budgets, Composition, Recycling and Sustainability Implications." Sustainable Chemistry 1, no. 2 (September 9, 2020): 154–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/suschem1020012.
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Rapid urbanization, advancements in science and technology, and the increase in tech-savviness of consumers have led to an exponential production of a variety of electronic equipment. The global annual growth rate of e-waste volume exceeds the growth rate of the human population. Electronic waste has now become a point of concern globally (53.6 million metric tons, 2019). However, merely 17.4% of all global e-waste is properly collected and recycled. China is the largest contributor to the global production of e-waste (~19%), the second being the United States. Indeed, only 14 countries generated over 65% of global e-waste production in 2019. E-wastes contain a wide range of organic, and inorganic compounds including various metals. Emerging contaminants like plastics are amongst the fastest growing constituents of electronic waste. The current challenges include the lack of reliable data, inadequate identification and quantification of new emerging materials, limited effectiveness of current recycling technologies, need for cutting-edge detection and recycling technologies, and the lack of e-waste management policies and international collaboration. In this review, we strive to integrate the existing data on production rates at different spatial scales, composition, as well as health, economical, and environmental challenges, existing recycling technologies; explore tangible solutions; and encourage further sustainable technology and regulatory policies.
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Tsimnadis, Konstantinos, Grigorios L. Kyriakopoulos, Garyfallos Arabatzis, and Efthimios Zervas. "Waste collection and treatment networks with source separation from Mobile Green Points (MGP): Citizens awareness and spatial planning for the collection of clean recyclable materials." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1123, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1123/1/012069.
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Abstract This paper studied the recycling and the reuse of Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) with Source Separation. These practices are commonly utilized in the European Union (EU) and internationally, giving successful recycling and treatment examples mainly for 7 selected - segregated household waste streams: a) paper and cardboard b) plastics, c) metals, d) glass, e) clothing and textiles, f) Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) and g) Edible Oil Wastes (EOW). Greece implements lower recycling levels, 21%, of the annually produced MSW comparing to the EU. In 2021 the Regional Government of Attica launched a pilot program of rewarding recycling with Source Separation called “THE GREEN CITY”. This program consists of 60 Mobile Green Points (MGPs) that serve a unified citizen awareness and waste collection (7 MSW streams) network throughout Attica. This network includes numerous temporary parking and operation spots for the MGPs. A 56% of them is located next to recreation and green areas, registering at least 70,000 citizens in the program and collecting approximately 400 tons of clean recyclable MSW (April 2022). Therefore, “THE GREEN CITY” program serves the setting target of Directive 2018/851 for at least 55% by weight recycling and reuse of the Greek MSW by 2025.
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Tansel, Berrin. "From electronic consumer products to e-wastes: Global outlook, waste quantities, recycling challenges." Environment International 98 (January 2017): 35–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2016.10.002.
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Orjuela-Garzón, W. A., J. A. Rincón-Moreno, and J. J. Méndez-Arteaga. "Trends in the Use and Recovery of Electronic Waste As Aggregates in Eco-friendly Concrete." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 47, no. 3 (August 1, 2021): 513–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2021.513.
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The management of electronic waste (e-waste) mainly from televisions and computers, has turned into an environmental issue due to the increased demand in the electronics sector and the highly toxic contents (mercury, lead, or cadmium) of some of these devices that make them almost unrecoverable. Therefore, these valuable devices become wastes disposed of in landfills. Worldwide, some scholars have proposed recycling methods that re-introduce these wastes streams in the manufacturing process of heavy concrete, pavement, concrete blocks, and clay bricks among other unconventional products. The replacement rates of virgin materials with recycled e-waste fluctuate according to the type of waste. Nevertheless, the use of e-waste generates a positive environmental impact due to the less demand for virgin materials such as river sand and gravel. This study aimed to review the current e-waste recycling state-of-the-art such as circuit boards (PCB), high-impact polystyrene (HIPS), cathode ray tube (CRT), and LCD screens. A systematic review of scientific literature published in the last 10 years (2010–2019) was done through the SCOPUS database. The results showed a maximum potential replacement rate of 40% for this type of waste, given the effect on the physical and thermomechanical properties of the concrete.
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GV, Bhaskar, Shashank R, Srinivasan H, Santhosh M, and Champa PN. "Sustainable Accomplishment of Solar E-waste Recycling -A Review." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 08 (August 18, 2021): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/08399.
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The hierarchy of waste refers to the “3 Rs” i.e. Reduce, Reuse and Recycle, which implements the strategies of waste management according to their specifications in terms of waste minimisation. The power of solar was exposed to people when Jawaharlal Nehru National Solar Mission (JNNSM) was introduced in the country in the year 2010.From then on people started to install and set up the solar as they came to know that the end life of it is around to be 2035. But none of them thought about future, i.e. what would happen to the solar panels when they are not able to generate power. Now the main issue is how will India be able to discard nearly 90 GW worth solar panel in the next 20 years? Where an average solar panel sized 250 watts, 90GW will amount to almost 7.7 million tonnes of E- waste at the end of a lifetime of a solar plant [1]. This paper mainly focuses on how these E-wastes produced can be reused and recycled.
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Li, Fu Yu, Qi Wang, Zhe Kun Li, and Yong Xin Peng. "Research on RFID Technology in Electronic Waste Recycling." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 2211–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.2211.
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The number of E-wastes in China is more and more amazing in recent years, but it is lack of effective information system support and advanced means of information collection in the recovery process. In the paper, according to the circular economy "3r" principle and the characteristics of RFID (radio frequency identification) technology the author constructed a based on RFID E-waste recycling model. In the whole recycling process it can maintain the integrity of the information, real-time, so as to strengthen the enterprise for product whole life process control and it is helpful to the poisonous and harmful material of the recovery, reduce impact on environment.
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Romana Afrose Meem, Ahmad Kamruzzaman Majumder, and Khalid Md. Bahauddin. "Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice (kap) of electronic waste management among consumers in Dhaka City, Bangladesh." GSC Advanced Research and Reviews 8, no. 2 (August 30, 2021): 126–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscarr.2021.8.2.0179.
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Electronic waste is growing at an alarming rate in Dhaka City which would be harmful for the environment and the people of the city if it is not properly managed. This study aimed to explore consumers’ knowledge, attitude, and practice towards electronics waste manage facility of Dhaka city. The Present study follows quantitative research methods and collects data in the way of purposive sampling technique. Every city dweller uses electronic equipment in his house or office for daily activities. Although 100% of people are involved in e-waste generation but they (actually 73.5%) have no proper knowledge about the management of electronic wastes. On the other hand, approximately 96.8% citizens believe that there is a lack of proper management of electronic waste in the city. Again, nearly 95.2% would like to be involved in setting up a responsible and safe recycling scheme in the city area to get rid of from the detrimental effects of the electronic wastes. Of them, about 79% consumers are willing to get involved their selves into proper e-waste management facility by setting up a responsible and safe recycling scheme for the betterment of future generations and minimizing present socio-eco-environmental threat.
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Dawood, Sarhan S. "Future Risk Assessments of E-waste in Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Academic Journal of Nawroz University 8, no. 4 (October 18, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.25007/ajnu.v8n4a443.
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Technical development in the field of electronics exceeded all expectations in terms of production and innovation, which made human life captive to electronic devices such as mobile phones, computers and their peripherals, TVs…etc. This increasing growth in quantity of these devices and their relatively short life-cycles has led to excessive accumulation of E-waste end up as landfills. Due to a large amount of toxic substances of these E-wastes, there are huge alarming hazards on the environment and human health. Some of these E -wastes contain materials such as Mercury, lead, cadmium, phosphorus and other hazardous substances which have serious impacts on the environment and human health. This research has carried field-study to investigate the magnitude of the E-waste and the scale of the impact to the environment and health in the Duhok Governorate in Kurdistan region of Iraq. The study proposes appropriate solutions to E-waste recycling and minimizes its negative impact.
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Kendeh, Ntaima Malyse. "Basel Efforts in the Fight Against Toxic E-waste Colonialism: What Prospects for Effectiveness?" Scholars International Journal of Law, Crime and Justice 5, no. 11 (November 26, 2022): 495–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.36348/sijlcj.2022.v05i11.004.
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The invasion of developing countries by hazardous e-waste traders in quests for sites to dispose of their consignments of waste is not a recent phenomenon. These activities have continued regardless and in defiance of the Basel Convention as the main global instrument regulating the Transboundary movement of hazardous wastes. This article therefore provides a concise overview of the effectiveness of the Basel Convention in the fight against the Transboundary movement of e-waste from developed Countries to third world countries. Adopting an analytical research method, it is uncovered that even though the Basel Convention is instrumental in the regulation of Transboundary movements of e-waste to developing countries, its effectiveness is marred by inherent loopholes in the convention, namely: the verification problem in the PIC procedure and the recycling and reuse loopholes amongst others. It is argued that in order to halt the movement of e-waste to developing countries, the recycling and reuse loopholes must be mended. The PIC procedure in the Convention must also be manned with monitoring structures.
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Yang, Yuxiang, Dan Wu, Zuqing Huang, Baoyou Zhang, and Lijun Meng. "Evolutionary stability analysis of government supervision on recycling of e-wastes." International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics 9, no. 2 (2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsoi.2018.092582.
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Meng, Lijun, Zuqing Huang, Baoyou Zhang, Yuxiang Yang, and Dan Wu. "Evolutionary stability analysis of government supervision on recycling of e-wastes." International Journal of Services Operations and Informatics 9, no. 2 (2018): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijsoi.2018.10014018.
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Iles, Alastair. "Mapping Environmental Justice in Technology Flows: Computer Waste Impacts in Asia." Global Environmental Politics 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2004): 76–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/glep.2004.4.4.76.
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In the 21st century, technology and material flows constitute an ever-growing set of global environmental change. In particular, electronic wastes are emerging as a major transnational problem. Industrial nations are shipping millions of obsolete computers to Asia yearly; Asian countries are emerging as generators of e-waste in their own right. This article argues that an environmental justice approach can help illuminate the impacts of technology and material flows. To do so, however, environmental justice definitions and methodologies need to account for how and why such flows occur. Using the case of computers, the article analyses some factors shaping the e-waste recycling chain, shows how e-waste risks depend on design and manufacturing chains, and evaluates inequalities in the ecological and health impacts of e-wastes across Asia. It proposes a definition of environmental justice as obviating the production of risk, using a framework that brings together the global production system, development models, and regulatory action.
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Sutanto, Agus, Berry Yuliandra, and Willy Pratama. "MANUFAKTUR YANG BERKELANJUTAN PADA SAMPAH ELEKTRONIK (E-WASTE)DI KOTA PADANG: TINJAUAN KASUS SAMPAH KULKAS." Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 16, no. 1 (May 17, 2017): 025. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v16.n1.p025-033.2017.
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The growth of the Wastes from Electric and Electronic Equipments (WEEEs) or e-waste is presently considered to be one of the rapid increasing wastes streams in the large city of Indonesia. Concurrently, the urban mining activities for e-waste by informal sectors have potential on the economic, social and environment dimension. The three dimensions form a triple bottom line that supports the principles of sustainability in the manufacturing. In this research, the observation in some remote areas in Padang is conducted to find out the model of e-waste collection system activities from the household and its economic potential, especially for refrigerators e-waste. The result shows that minimaly there are three models of the e-waste collecting system for refrigerator e-wastes. The model involves all the parties in urban mining activities such as e-waste collectorsfrom household, repair shops, collectors who continue the re-assembly and classify the e-waste and final collectors who did the cleaning, crushing, packing and transporting e-waste to another city to do the recycling process. In this e-waste collecting model the components of refrigerator e-waste could be reused, remanufactured and recycled. From the reassembly of therefrigerators it is obtained the material composition of 58.1% iron, 26.3% plastic,10.9% styrofoam 10.9%, 2.1% aluminum, 1.8% copper pipe, and 0.8% others. The highest cumulative retained value is obtained from this collecting system ranged between IDR 230.200 to 355.200, where some second-hand components may still be inreuse and remanufacture. This price is equivalent to 14.9% to 22.1% the purchase price of a new refrigerator.
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Sutanto, Agus, Berry Yuliandra, and Willy Pratama. "MANUFAKTUR YANG BERKELANJUTAN PADA SAMPAH ELEKTRONIK (E-WASTE)DI KOTA PADANG: TINJAUAN KASUS SAMPAH KULKAS." Jurnal Optimasi Sistem Industri 16, no. 1 (May 17, 2017): 25. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/josi.v16.n1.p25-33.2017.
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The growth of the Wastes from Electric and Electronic Equipments (WEEEs) or e-waste is presently considered to be one of the rapid increasing wastes streams in the large city of Indonesia. Concurrently, the urban mining activities for e-waste by informal sectors have potential on the economic, social and environment dimension. The three dimensions form a triple bottom line that supports the principles of sustainability in the manufacturing. In this research, the observation in some remote areas in Padang is conducted to find out the model of e-waste collection system activities from the household and its economic potential, especially for refrigerators e-waste. The result shows that minimaly there are three models of the e-waste collecting system for refrigerator e-wastes. The model involves all the parties in urban mining activities such as e-waste collectorsfrom household, repair shops, collectors who continue the re-assembly and classify the e-waste and final collectors who did the cleaning, crushing, packing and transporting e-waste to another city to do the recycling process. In this e-waste collecting model the components of refrigerator e-waste could be reused, remanufactured and recycled. From the reassembly of therefrigerators it is obtained the material composition of 58.1% iron, 26.3% plastic,10.9% styrofoam 10.9%, 2.1% aluminum, 1.8% copper pipe, and 0.8% others. The highest cumulative retained value is obtained from this collecting system ranged between IDR 230.200 to 355.200, where some second-hand components may still be inreuse and remanufacture. This price is equivalent to 14.9% to 22.1% the purchase price of a new refrigerator.
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Bahadoran, Ashkan, Jeffrey Roshan De De Lile, Saeid Masudy-Panah, Behzad Sadeghi, Jiaxin Li, Mohammad Hosein Sabzalian, Seeram Ramakrishna, Qinglei Liu, Pasquale Cavaliere, and Arun Gopinathan. "Photocatalytic Materials Obtained from E-Waste Recycling: Review, Techniques, Critique, and Update." Journal of Manufacturing and Materials Processing 6, no. 4 (June 26, 2022): 69. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmmp6040069.
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Waste-derived materials obtained from the recovery and recycling of electronic waste (e-waste) such as batteries and printed circuit boards have attracted enormous attention from academia and industry in recent years, especially due to their eco-friendly nature and the massive increment in e-waste due to technological development. Several investigations in the literature have covered the advances achieved so far. Meanwhile, photocatalytic applications are especially of interest since they maintain mutual benefits and can be used for H2 production from solar water splitting based on semiconductor processing as a proper environmentally friendly technique for solar energy conversion. In addition, they can be utilized to degrade a variety of organic and non-organic contaminations. Nonetheless, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, there has not been any comprehensive review that has specifically been focused on e-waste-derived photocatalytic materials. In this regard, the present work is dedicated to thoroughly discussing the related mechanisms, strategies, and methods, as well as the various possible photocatalysts synthesized from e-wastes with some critiques in this field. This brief overview can introduce modern technologies and promising possibilities for e-waste valorization, photocatalytic processes, and new photocatalytic degradation methods of eco-friendly nature. This paper discusses various e-waste-obtained photocatalytic materials, synthesis procedures, and applications, as well as several types of e-waste, derived materials such as TiO2, ZnO, indium tin oxide, and a variety of sulfide- and ferrite-based photocatalytic materials.
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Yadava, Shalini, B. Chakradharb, and Anil Sharmac. "Recycling Process for the Management of E-Waste from Colour Picture Tubes of TV in Manufacturing Building Materials." Advanced Materials Research 341-342 (September 2011): 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.341-342.859.
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E-waste released from Television colour picture tube manufacturing process is hazardous in nature and its worldwide disposal has become major concern to safe guard the environment and ecology. The solid wastes generated from the picture tube manufacturing process contain significant quantity of compounds of lead, nickel, cobolt, iron etc. The presence of toxic substances and their characteristic nature made these wastes hazardous and pose serious problems in their disposal resulting in major environmental concerns. In the present study an attempt has been made to develop a new cost effective process for immobilizing and recycling e-waste released from electronic industry in developing non-hazardous building material using additives and binders. Detoxification /immobilization of e-waste was achieved in making composite products using cement and sand as additives through solidification/stabilization process. Further strength and stability of solidified composite products was achieved through curing process. The quality and suitability of the S/S cured composite products were tested and assessed for their Engineering properties (compressive strength, water absorption, density), Toxicity leachate characteristics, Mineralogical studies, Morphological studies for their use in engineering applications, application as construction materials like bricks, blocks, aggregates and confirmed their environmental significance.
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Zhan, Lu, and Zhenming Xu. "State-of-the-Art of Recycling E-Wastes by Vacuum Metallurgy Separation." Environmental Science & Technology 48, no. 24 (November 26, 2014): 14092–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es5030383.
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Tiep, Ho Sew, Goh Mei Ling, Radziah Shaikh Abdullah, and Teo Kim Mui. "Determinants of University Students' Waste Mobile Phones Recycling Intention." 12th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES 12, no. 1 (October 8, 2021): 84. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2021.12(84).
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As the world becomes increasingly interconnected, mobile phones has become the utmost preference device for most Malaysian to stay connected. Over the past decades, mobile phone users in this country has been increasing steadily. Percentage of individuals in Malaysia using mobile phones increased from 94.2% in 2013 to 97.5% in 2015 (DOS, 2016). According to the hand phone users survey carried out by MCMC (2017) , there were 42.3 million mobile phone subscriptions with a penetration rate of 131.2% to a population of 32.3 million at the end of 2017. In a study on university students of Malaysia, Ho et al. (2018) revealed that a substantial amount of them (18.83%) actually do not know what to do with the waste mobile phones. This reflects the low awareness amongst university students and the lack of formal management system in Malaysia. Moreover, the findings show the rate of replacements of even functioning phones is high and a significant high stockpile of the waste mobile phones, which in turn increase the generation of e-waste eventually. Tremendous amount of waste mobile phones are expected to be generated in Malaysia. Malaysia is now facing a challenge on how to deal with the ever growing generation of waste mobile phones from users. An insight into their e-waste management practices and key predictors in relation to waste mobile phones recycling intention are therefore essential. This would help to lay the foundation for developing a suitable, workable, effective and efficient system of collecting e-wastes. This study aims to probe into university students' behavioural intentions to recycle waste mobile phones. In the meanwhile, it is expected to derive the policy implications for the future expansion and enhancement of mobile phones recycling response rate. Keywords: Determinants, Mobile Phones, Recycling, Intention, University Students
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Purchase, Diane, Golnoush Abbasi, Lieselot Bisschop, Debashish Chatterjee, Christian Ekberg, Mikhail Ermolin, Petr Fedotov, et al. "Global occurrence, chemical properties, and ecological impacts of e-wastes (IUPAC Technical Report)." Pure and Applied Chemistry 92, no. 11 (November 26, 2020): 1733–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pac-2019-0502.
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AbstractThe waste stream of obsolete electronic equipment grows exponentially, creating a worldwide pollution and resource problem. Electrical and electronic waste (e-waste) comprises a heterogeneous mix of glass, plastics (including flame retardants and other additives), metals (including rare Earth elements), and metalloids. The e-waste issue is complex and multi-faceted. In examining the different aspects of e-waste, informal recycling in developing countries has been identified as a primary concern, due to widespread illegal shipments; weak environmental, as well as health and safety, regulations; lack of technology; and inadequate waste treatment structure. For example, Nigeria, Ghana, India, Pakistan, and China have all been identified as hotspots for the disposal of e-waste. This article presents a critical examination on the chemical nature of e-waste and the resulting environmental impacts on, for example, microbial biodiversity, flora, and fauna in e-waste recycling sites around the world. It highlights the different types of risk assessment approaches required when evaluating the ecological impact of e-waste. Additionally, it presents examples of chemistry playing a role in potential solutions. The information presented here will be informative to relevant stakeholders seeking to devise integrated management strategies to tackle this global environmental concern.
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Gao, Yuan Yuan, and Qi Xing Zhou. "Application of Nanoscale Zero Valent Iron Combined with Impatiens Balsamina to Remediation of E-Waste Contaminated Soils." Advanced Materials Research 790 (September 2013): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.790.73.
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E-waste contamination is of major environmental concern on a world scale, with the rapid development of electric industry. The recycling and disposal methods of e-wastes remain rudimentary, and pose a serious environmental threat and have adverse influences on human health, because toxic pollutants such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), and heavy metals are released into the environment during crude recycling. nanophytoremediation is a combined technology between nanotechnology and phytotechnology for remediation of contaminated environments. This work was aimed to investigate the tolerance and accumulation characteristics of e-waste pollution, as well as the effect of nanoscale zero valent iron (nZVI) on their phytoremediation capacity. Results showed that nZVI could facilitate the growth of plants both under clean soil and the high pollution, with increased by 30.3% and 53.5% respectively. This may be attributed to the improvement of soil quality and adjustment of soil pH by nZVI. Especially, all the nZVI adding treatments had significantly higher PCBs accumulation efficiency compared with that without addition of nZVI, thus indicating nZVI-phytroremediation would be a very promising method in the future.
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Joon, Veenu, Renu Shahrawat, and Meena Kapahi. "The Emerging Environmental and Public Health Problem of Electronic Waste in India." Journal of Health and Pollution 7, no. 15 (September 1, 2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5696/2156-9614-7.15.1.
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Background. Monumental progress has been made in the area of information and communication technology, leading to a tremendous increase in use of electronic equipment, especially computers and mobile phones. The expansion of production and consumption of electronic equipment along with its shorter life span has led to the generation of tremendous amounts of electronic waste (e-waste). In addition, there is a high level of trans-boundary movement of these devices as second-hand electronic equipment from developed countries, in the name of bridging the digital gap. Objectives. This paper reviews e-waste produced in India, its sources, composition, current management practices and their environmental and health implications. Fixing responsibility for waste disposal on producers, establishment of formal recycling facilities, and strict enforcement of legislation on e-waste are some of the options to address this rapidly growing problem. Discussion. The exponential growth in production and consumption of electronic equipment has resulted in a surge of e-waste generation. Many electronic items contain hazardous substances including lead, mercury and cadmium. Informal recycling or disposing of such items pose serious threat to human health and the environment. Conclusions. Strict enforcement of waste disposal laws are needed along with the implementation of health assessment studies to mitigate inappropriate management of end-of-life electronic wastes in developing countries. Competing Interests. The authors declare no financial competing interests.
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Huang, Haihong, and Bingbing Li. "Optimization of WEEE recycling network for E-wastes based on discrete event simulation." Procedia CIRP 90 (2020): 705–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procir.2020.02.049.
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Park, Jihwan, Insang Jung, Kibae Lee, Mansoo Kim, Jongsoo Hwang, and Wonhee Choi. "Case study in Korea of manufacturing SRF for polyurethanes recycling in e-wastes." Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management 20, no. 4 (March 3, 2018): 1950–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10163-018-0718-5.
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McWhorter, Rochell R., and Julie A. Delello. "Green Technologies Enabling Virtual Learning Environments." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 8, no. 4 (October 2016): 38–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.2016100104.
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The ubiquity of the Internet has created options for educators and business professionals to expand learning opportunities through virtual learning environments (VLEs). This article discusses how green technology trends and practices such as Cloud computing, 3D printing, big data, digital badges, The Internet of Things, and real-time group meetings support green initiatives by reducing time and costs, while increasing energy efficiency. Furthermore, the impact of these emerging technologies have on the environment in regards to energy, renewable resources, recycling, and e-wastes are discussed. As technology has quickly evolved into more sophisticated forms, it has opened the options for educators and business professionals to expand learning opportunities into virtual learning spaces referred to as VLEs in this article. Major technology trends discussed that are disrupting the status quo are Cloud Computing, 3D printing, Big Data, Digital Badges, the Internet of Things, and the management of manufacturing and recycling of device e-waste. Implications and Future Research Directions are given.
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Castro, Laura, María Luisa Blázquez, Felisa González, and Jesús Ángel Muñoz. "Biohydrometallurgy for Rare Earth Elements Recovery from Industrial Wastes." Molecules 26, no. 20 (October 14, 2021): 6200. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26206200.
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Biohydrometallurgy recovers metals through microbially mediated processes and has been traditionally applied for the extraction of base metals from low-grade sulfidic ores. New investigations explore its potential for other types of critical resources, such as rare earth elements. In recent times, the interest in rare earth elements (REEs) is growing due to of their applications in novel technologies and green economy. The use of biohydrometallurgy for extracting resources from waste streams is also gaining attention to support innovative mining and promote a circular economy. The increase in wastes containing REEs turns them into a valuable alternative source. Most REE ores and industrial residues do not contain sulfides, and bioleaching processes use autotrophic or heterotrophic microorganisms to generate acids that dissolve the metals. This review gathers information towards the recycling of REE-bearing wastes (fluorescent lamp powder, spent cracking catalysts, e-wastes, etc.) using a more sustainable and environmentally friendly technology that reduces the impact on the environment.
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Srivastava, Harshit, Harshit Wahal, Hrithik Roy, and Dr Brajesh Kumar. "A Study on Electronic Waste Management in India." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 5 (May 31, 2022): 5265–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42274.
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Abstract: In the electronic industry, e-scraps or e-wastes refer to electronic goods that are discarded or unneeded. About 50 million ton of e-wastes are produced every year. Depending on their reactions, there might be potential danger. E-wastes, such as computer batteries and other electrochemical waste, may cause unwanted results, so it is important to consider them along with physical wastes. India generates about 1.5 lakh tons of e-waste annually, and almost all of it ends up in the informal sector as there is no organized alternative. It is well documented that humanity's capabilities were enhanced by the industrial revolution. However, the revolutionary changes experience by societies across the globe due to the application of electronics are deeper and more widespread than the impact of the industrial revolution. Human society has been profoundly changed by the electronics age and has become more connected than ever before. Electronic items have contributed to smoother communication, economic growth, and job opportunities. However, in addition to the positives, technology has brought to light a number of concerns, such as the growing problem of ewaste, which society must confront head on. In the existing situation, it is always possible that human health and the environment would be in trouble. If coordinated legislation and activities for efficient e-waste management and disposal were not enacted. This paper aims to provide a quick overview of the relatively new notion of e-waste, its production in India, and the associated environmental and health implications. It emphasizes the booming informal and nascent official e-waste recycling economies, as well as the urgent need for more explicit legislation and a forward-looking strategy. The paper also examines global e-waste trading and international experience in this area. There is also a list of references at the conclusion for further reading. Each year, hundreds of thousands of consumer electronics, computers, monitors, phones, printers, televisions and other portable devices become outdated and were mainly dumped to the landfills or poorly recycled. Recent technological development and growing demands for new and better functioning electronics accelerate the amount of electronic waste (e-waste) worldwide, making it to be one of the fastest growing streams in many countries. The estimated lifespan of electronics is about three to five years because of the increasing rates of consumption, new developments and urbanization.
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Waris, Idrees, Shahzad Khalil, and Malik Dad. "Exploring household recycling participation e-wastes management: An application of TPB and NAM models." International Journal of Environment and Waste Management 1, no. 1 (2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijewm.2023.10050226.
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Jun-hui, Zhang, and Min Hang. "Eco-toxicity and metal contamination of paddy soil in an e-wastes recycling area." Journal of Hazardous Materials 165, no. 1-3 (June 15, 2009): 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.10.056.
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V, Gokul, and Rajasekaran T. "Electronic Waste Management by Biological Leaching." Bulletin of Scientific Research 1, no. 1 (May 30, 2019): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.34256/bsr1918.
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The electronic industry is the largest and fastest growing manufacturing industry in the world. Electronic waste or E-waste is one of the emerging problems in developed and developing countries. Most of these e-wastes are ending up in dumping yards and recycling centers, posing a new challenge to the environment and policy makers as well. Toxic metals in the E-waste are usually non -biodegradable and they will create harmful long lasting negative consequences on the environment in general and our health particular. Currently E-waste is treated by chemical leaching, it gives more environmental issues due to usage of inorganic chemicals in treatment process. So that, the E-waste can be used for extraction of metals by the process of biological leaching. It is the process of extraction of metal from source by using biological organism. In this process involve numerous ferrous iron and sulfur oxidizing bacteria, acidophilic bacteria which is grown in acid medium. The acid mine drainage (AMD) is the outflow of acidic water from metal mines or coal mines. AMD is recognized as one of the most serious environmental problem in the mining industry. It is also toxic and difficult to managing this water. Due to the presence of sulphide metal in the ore, which is released after the mining process, will react with atmosphere and water forms sulphuric acid which poses potential harm to the environment and eco system. This acid medium is most suitable for the development of acidophilic bacteria’s. In this project, the Acidophilic bacteria in AMD can be suggested for process of recycling in biological leaching of electronic waste. This process can be used for both bioleaching of E-waste and management of mining waste water. The process will suppress the harmfulness in both E-waste and waste mining water.
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Ahmed, Shamsuddin. "e-Waste Management Awareness Program in Solomon Island." International Journal of Information Technology Project Management 10, no. 2 (April 2019): 41–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijitpm.2019040105.
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Worldwide electronic waste items have grown as product life has become shorter. The electronic products are e-waste and end up in rubbish dumps and recycling centers, posing a threat to the environment. The e-waste disposal methods adopted by Pacific island countries (PICs) are inadequate. The Solomon Island (SI) is one of the PICs and does not have a sustainable solution. The purpose of this article is to develop a framework for sustainable e-waste management campaign based on a project management framework incorporating stakeholder, risk, time, and public awareness and people management. A macro project management risk model is constructed to implement an e-waste awareness education program and assist PICs policy makers to successfully launch e-waste management program. It is shown in this work how an e-waste project management awareness program can work for SI. The important factors to be controlled for successful e-awareness program are identified with a project risk management framework. The impact, failure, and consequences of the e-waste awareness campaign are quantified. This article also provides a review of the e-waste awareness in Pacific island countries and puts forward a pan to mitigate the e-waste problem in IS. The e‐wastes in SI are unwanted electronic equipment and electrical appliances which reached its end of life and does not function as it was planned. The toxic elements within e-waste contaminate the water, land, and air. The SI does not have enough resources and technical capacity to recycle e-waste. Appropriate management and disposal of e‐waste is essential as the long-standing shield for the protection of SI and regional PICs environments. The aim is to maintain long‐term regional sustainability. The adoption of national e‐waste management policies will safeguard the movement recycling and disposal of e‐waste in a controlled manner through the Basel and Waigani convention protocols. The study designs a new paradigm for solving e-waste management issues is PICs using a project management approach, focusing on risk management, risk impact, organizational design with communication plan, and human interaction.
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Parveg, A. S. M. Sazzad, Ramin Ordikhani-Seyedlar, Tejasvi Sharma, Scott K. Shaw, and Albert Ratner. "A Recycling Pathway for Rare Earth Metals (REMs) from E-Waste through Co-Gasification with Biomass." Energies 15, no. 23 (December 2, 2022): 9141. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15239141.
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This manuscript investigates an improvised gasification process for capturing and recycling rare earth metals (REMs) from consumer and industrial electronic wastes, often termed “e-waste”. The proposed procedure is based on the formation of coalesced and aggregated metal nodules on biochar surfaces through the gasification of e-waste mixed with gasifier feedstocks. A preliminary understanding of metal nodule formation based on different atmospheric conditions (inert, oxidizing, and oxidizing followed by reducing atmospheres) was examined in both pilot-scale gasifier and tube furnace experiments using iron powder mixed with corn. Iron powder is representative of the REM in the e-waste. Metal nodule sizes, morphology, and composition are analyzed and compared via scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF) techniques. We conclude that sintering is the key mechanism responsible for metal nodule growth through metal particle coalescence and aggregation by migration and diffusion of metal particles on biochar surfaces at elevated temperatures. Oxidizing atmosphere followed by a reducing atmosphere facilitates larger metal nodule growth compared to only an inert or oxidizing atmosphere. Additionally, the effect of adding NaCl salt is investigated on lowering the metal nodules’ surface energy and enhancing both metal particle and metal nodule agglomeration characteristics. Salt addition facilitates spherical metal nodule formation without any significant effect on the nodule composition and localized formation of nodules.
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Masoom, Muhammad Rehan, and Mohammad Mokammel Karim Toufique. "Protecting Environment, Managing E-Waste and Ensuring Development: Perspective on ‘Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment’ Situation in Guiyu, Agbogbloshie and Dhaka." International Letters of Natural Sciences 52 (March 2016): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilns.52.88.
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Fast development of the electronics industry and an eminent value of obsolescence of the electronic productions conduce to the uninterrupted production of great amounts of electronic waste or e-wasteworldwide. Due to the frequent commingling of a wide range of reusable, or recyclable, and non-recyclable surplus electronics, the term "e-waste" infer all sorts of these leftovers. Even though the economic benefits are potentially enormous, only a small proportion of the electronic waste is being recycled all around. There is a transaction cost associated with therecycling process due to the environmental protection regulations, hence economically less attractiveat the industry level in developed nations. However, to the least developed nations where owing to low living standard the demand for the better quality environment is low, even nonexistent, recycling e-waste has become a livelihood earning opportunity. The study intends to interpret the socio-economic consequences of e-wastes by focusing the detrimental effects that it have created in China and Ghana, and attempts to outline what developing nations like Bangladesh can do to prevent or reduce the harmful consequences of it.
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Masoom, Muhammad Rehan, and Mohammad Mokammel Karim Toufique. "Protecting Environment, Managing E-Waste and Ensuring Development: Perspective on ‘Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment’ Situation in Guiyu, Agbogbloshie and Dhaka." International Letters of Natural Sciences 52 (March 11, 2016): 88–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-is0u9y.
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Fast development of the electronics industry and an eminent value of obsolescence of the electronic productions conduce to the uninterrupted production of great amounts of electronic waste or e-wasteworldwide. Due to the frequent commingling of a wide range of reusable, or recyclable, and non-recyclable surplus electronics, the term "e-waste" infer all sorts of these leftovers. Even though the economic benefits are potentially enormous, only a small proportion of the electronic waste is being recycled all around. There is a transaction cost associated with therecycling process due to the environmental protection regulations, hence economically less attractiveat the industry level in developed nations. However, to the least developed nations where owing to low living standard the demand for the better quality environment is low, even nonexistent, recycling e-waste has become a livelihood earning opportunity. The study intends to interpret the socio-economic consequences of e-wastes by focusing the detrimental effects that it have created in China and Ghana, and attempts to outline what developing nations like Bangladesh can do to prevent or reduce the harmful consequences of it.
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Sandrasaigaran, Pratheep, Thiviaraj Palanisamy, Rattika Sukalingam, and Sharmini Murugan. "Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Expressing <i>Chromobacterium</i> Sp. Dyh27s2016 Strain is Capable of Metal Leaching in Electronic Waste." Key Engineering Materials 937 (December 22, 2022): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-65o2dj.
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Printed circuit boards (PCBs) contain many precious and hazardous metals, and the disposal of a large number of electronic wastes (e-waste) has been a serious environmental concern. The conventional metallurgy methods used to recover metals from e-wastes require higher energy expenditure besides contributing to significant environmental pollution. This necessitated an alternative approach, such as using cyanogenic and other environmental bacteria to recover metals from e-waste. Hence, the current study is aimed to explore the feasibility of Chromobacterium sp. Dyh27s2016 strain in mobilising metals from e-waste. A two-step bioleaching process was employed with the ATCC culture Chromobacteriumviolecium Bergonzini (12472TM) used as a control. The metal content in the supernatant was analysed using the inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique. Meanwhile, the metal concentration in PCBs was also assessed using the acid reflux method followed by the ICP-OES analysis. Besides, the Chromobacterium sp. Dyh27s2016 strain was also assessed for the beta-lactam antibiotics resistance and the gene expression for extended spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL). It was observed that Chromobacterium sp. Dyh27s2016 strain mobilises 80, 94, 52 and 56% of Cu, Fe, Zn and Ag respectively from e-waste. However, this strain was found resistant to penicillin G sodium, ampicillin sodium and ticarcillin disodium but susceptible to cefotaxime sodium antibiotics. The molecular analysis showed that this strain possessed the ESBL genes, TEM and CTX-M. The findings from this study enable potential industrial applications for recycling electronic trash using Chromobacterium Dyh27s2016 strains in future.
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Miner, Kangyang Josiah, Isaac Tebogo Rampedi, Ayodeji Peter Ifegbesan, and Fannie Machete. "Survey on Household Awareness and Willingness to Participate in E-Waste Management in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 2, 2020): 1047. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031047.
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Nearly 290,000 tons of electronic waste was generated in Nigeria during the year 2017, which is likely to increase further due to high population growth rates, accelerated urbanization, high demand for electronic products, as well as disposal at their end-of-life. At the same time, e-waste is associated with negative human health impacts, as well as environmental pollution. Therefore, environmental awareness on this waste stream is crucial in its management and possible minimization. In this paper, we report on a survey which investigated awareness levels and knowledge amongst households in the Jos metropolis, Plateau State (Nigeria). We interviewed 228 respondents by means of close-ended questionnaires. The results indicated that cell phones (93%) and television sets (82%) were mentioned by most respondents. The main reasons for acquiring these electronic devices entailed the replacement of damaged ones (49.6%), frequent product upgrades (37.7%), as well as theft (35.55%), amongst others. The most predominant method of disposing e-waste included illegal dumping in open spaces along with other household wastes (25%), storing it at home indefinitely (27.6%), and selling it to others for possible reuse (17.5%). Although the handling and storage of this waste is currently inappropriate, most respondents (84.2%) were willing to participate in its management provided they are given appropriate knowledge (89.9%) on its safe disposal and recycling. Lastly, we found no significant correlation between existing awareness levels on e-waste and willingness to participate in its management based on the socio-demographical profile of respondents. Thus, we recommend educational interventions on sound e-waste management in the Jos metropolis, along with a systematic analysis of how policy interventions such as the extended producer responsibility schemes can be designed for effective e-waste management and recycling amongst all stakeholders.
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Krishnamoorthy, Yuvaraj, Vijayageetha M, Manikandanesan Sakthivel, and Gokul Sarveswaran. "Emerging public health threat of e-waste management: global and Indian perspective." Reviews on Environmental Health 33, no. 4 (December 19, 2018): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/reveh-2018-0021.
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Abstract Background Electrical and electronic waste or e-waste is emerging as a major public health threat worldwide because of rapid advances in technology leading to the generation of large amount of wastes and a lack of knowledge in handling of these wastes. Objective The current review discusses the current e-waste problem worldwide, as a public health concern, with a specific focus on India and recommendations to have effective e-waste management. Methods This is a traditional review study. The burden of e-waste, regulations and its impact on health and the environment at the global and country level were identified using various search engines such as PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus and ScienceDirect. Books, case studies, legislation documents, reports, original articles and other documents from international organizations and specific governmental agency websites were retrieved. In total, 33 original articles, reports, case studies and documents were used for this review. Results In 2016, 44.7 million tonnes of e-waste was generated with 2 million tonnes produced in India alone. Out of this, only 20% of the e-waste generated globally was handled properly. The situation is worse in India where more than 90% of the e-waste was handled by informal sector workers. An important problem with the process is that they do not take necessary precautionary measures before handling e-waste. Components which are not suitable for reuse are burnt openly or disposed of through open dumping. Most of the informal sector workers are illiterate making them unaware of the hazardous chemicals that can be released later into the water sources and the environment. Conclusion The current review shows that the e-waste poses a serious global public health threat leading to significant environmental and health risks. Most of the developing countries including India were found to be lagging behind in the implementation of environmentally sound formal recycling processes. Hence, a better life cycle assessment model which have been successfully implemented in other developing countries should be introduced in India.
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Sung, Si-Il, Young-Sun Kim, and Hyun-Soo Kim. "Study on Reverse Logistics Focused on Developing the Collection Signal Algorithm Based on the Sensor Data and the Concept of Industry 4.0." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 21, 2020): 5016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10145016.
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Reverse logistics include all operations related to the reuse of products and materials. In this study, we focus on collection, which is the first operation of reverse logistics, and on the strength of using the sensor data and the concept of Industry 4.0. Previously, the collection activities of electronic wastes (e-wastes) was conducted by a fixed schedule without consideration of the fulfillment level of the collection boxes. However, due to the progress of IoT(internet of things) technology and sensor technology, it is possible to consider the fulfillment level of the collection boxes in order to make the collection schedule. To utilize the sensor data and IoT technology in reverse logistics, a collection signal algorithm is required to treat the rate of fulfilment of collection boxes. However, the collection signal algorithm for the disposal of small and medium (S&M)-sized e-wastes have not yet been developed in South Korea. This study uses a collection box to develop the collection algorithm based on an experimental design method with multiple sensors. The proposed algorithm can be utilized to solve the current collection problems and to save logistics costs. Furthermore, proper collection of e-wastes will lead to more recycling activities, which can further create and sustain a safer environment on Earth.
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Aksenova, Olesya, Evgenia Nikolaeva, and Ibodat Haldybaeva. "Modelling the Process of Processing Ash and Slag Wastes of TPP by Means of Consistent Application of CAE- and CAD- systems." E3S Web of Conferences 174 (2020): 01019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202017401019.
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The article considers the possibility of joint application of mathematical processing and computer 3D modeling of the technological process line for processing ash and slag waste from thermal power plants (TPP). The authors suggest considering an approach to the design of the ash and slag waste processing site by mathematical processing and 3D computer modeling. The mathematical processing with the help of E- network device and the creation of a 3D model allows to plan the site for processing ash and slag waste, select the appropriate technology and thereby ensure the environmental effect of both existing and projected power plants. The authors present the results of processing the technological process of recycling ash and slag wastes of TPP in terms of E-networks using mathematical processing in the Simulink application, which displays the device model from the standard blocks available in the program and performs the necessary calculations. 3D models of individual equipment units selected on the basis of mathematical processing calculations in the Simulink application, were created using computer 3D modeling in a graphical editor. A 3D visualization of the technological section of ash and slag waste processing was performed, which allows to clearly show the planned section at the design stage, which, if necessary, will allow to easily make changes to the project.
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Svalova , V. B. "“Hot spots” of geoecological risk and problems of territorial planning." Proceedings of higher educational establishments. Geology and Exploration, no. 3 (November 21, 2022): 19–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.32454/0016-7762-2022-64-3-19-34.
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Introduction. The tasks of territorial planning are closely related to the problems of locating new high-risk facilities without increasing the environmental load. Thus, the task of locating high environmental risk facilities for recycling and deep processing of wastes appears to an essential economic and scientific problem that requires an immediate solution. The long-term consequences of such decisions should be forecasted and analysed.Aim. To identify “hot spots” according to their risk degree in order to exclude the most dangerous areas from further planning and use.Materials and methods. The stated problem is solved on the basis of environmental risk management, which includes the following concepts: 1) hazard identification; 2) vulnerability assessment; 3) risk analysis; 4) acceptable risk concept; 5) risk assessment; 6) risk mapping; 7) risk reduction measures, including a) legislative; b) organisational and administrative; c) economic, including insurance; d) engineering; e) modelling; f) monitoring; g) informational. Data and maps of hazardous natural and technogenic processes and potential damage to the territories of the Moscow Oblast were used.Results. When carrying out territorial planning and location of additional hazard facilities, representing an increased ecological load, such as incineration plants and landfills for recycling and deep processing of wastes, high ecological risk regions should be excluded from the potential location list. In the Moscow Oblast, these are primarily Lyuberetsky and Ramensky districts (east-southeast of Moscow). Lyubertsky district can be considered as a “hot spot” of the first class in terms of ecological risk due to the high natural hazard and potential damage. The findings obtained when determining “hot spots” based on geological, geodynamic, tectonic and socio-economic parameters, were confirmed by the areas of geochemical pollution and environmental stress zones.Conclusion. The developed method of identifying the risk “hot spots” represents a basis for solving the problems of territorial planning for the purpose of excluding the most ecologically stressed sites and selecting suitable sites for locating hazard facilities, in particular, recycling and waste processing plants.
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V., Pavithira, Anchana Devi C., and Pushpa N. "Bioleaching of Metals from Printed Circuit Boards." Nature Environment and Pollution Technology 21, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 599–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.46488/nept.2022.v21i02.018.
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Electronic waste or E-waste refers to the discarded electrical or electronic devices which have neared their useful life. Because of the toxicity and carcinogenicity of some compounds, the proper management and safe disposal of these electronic wastes have become serious challenges in recent years. Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) are found almost in every other electronics these days, hence the present study focuses on bioleaching of metals from Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs) using bacterial and yeast strains (Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Bacillus sp. and Candida tropicalis) isolated from heavily contaminated soil samples. A two-step bioleaching procedure was followed for maximum mobilization of metals. The isolated strains were able to mobilize metals from PCBs with different efficiencies depending on their ability to utilize the E-waste a carbon source when cultivated in minimal media. Bioleaching potential of isolated microbes on eight heavy metals (Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb, Fe, Cr, Zn & Co) in the sample were studied using AAS and SEM analysis before and after the two-step bioleaching process and found to be efficient. The study concludes that isolated bacterial and fungal species from the study can be further standardized with regard to the growth parameters and used on large scale to carry out the efficient recovery of metals that can help in recycling E-waste in the digital world.
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Ahen, Frederick, and Joseph Amankwah-Amoah. "Sustainable Waste Management Innovations in Africa: New Perspectives and Research Agenda for Improving Global Health." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 6646. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126646.
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The need for green business practices and green innovations underscores a growing recognition that climate change is now an existential threat not just to population health but also to the survival of businesses that are unable to embrace green practices with a sense of urgency. This paper contributes to the literature on market violence as an inhibitor of green innovations for sustainable waste management to curb the unneeded health effects of wastes in Africa. Our purpose is to problematize received wisdom, unquestioned assumptions, and incorrect diagnosis of the sources and health consequences of various forms of wastes in Africa. Much of the discourse on this issue remains ahistorical, and that risks leaving aside a vital question of exploitative extraction. By including this ‘out-of-the-box’ explanation through major case references, we are able to shed light on the critical issues that have hitherto received limited attention, thus enabling us to propose useful research questions for future enquiries. We propose a framework that delineates the structural composition of costs imposed by market violence that ranges from extraction to e-waste disposal. We advocate for the engineering of policies that create conditions for doing more with less resources, eliminating waste, and recycling as crucial steps in creating sustainable waste management innovations. Additionally, we highlight a set of fundamental issues regarding enablers and inhibitors of sustainable innovations and policies for waste management worth considering for future research. These include programmed obsolescence, irresponsible extraction, production, and consumption, all seen through the theoretical lens of market violence.
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QIN, Xiaofei, Xijuan XIA, Yan LI, Yaxian ZHAO, Zhongzhi YANG, Shan FU, Mi TIAN, et al. "Ecotoxicological effects of mixed pollutants resulted from e-wastes recycling and bioaccumulation of polybrominated diphenyl ethers in Chinese loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus)." Journal of Environmental Sciences 21, no. 12 (January 2009): 1695–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1001-0742(08)62475-4.
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Gao, M., G. Wang, B. Lin, M. Tariq, K. Liu, and W. Zhang. "Study on arbor leaf and ring as a potential biological indicator for atmospheric polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) distribution at e-wastes recycling sites." International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 16, no. 12 (June 8, 2019): 8639–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13762-019-02428-x.
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Li, Linhao, Guangcheng Long, Kunlin Ma, Hongwei Ma, Wenbing Wang, Cheng Zhang, and Youjun Xie. "Preparation of Green Low Strength Mixture for Foundation Reinforcement Treatment by Using Fly Ash and Waste Coal Gangue." Materials 13, no. 3 (February 2, 2020): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13030664.
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Effective foundation reinforcement treatment is essential for modern large and complex infrastructure, while it is significant for developing new green high-performance materials for foundation reinforcement. This study investigates a new green concrete by using high volume fly-ash and coal gangue aggregates, which is expected to apply for foundation treatment of modern infrastructure with high loading-bear ability. In this experiment, 12 mix proportions of fly ash coal gangue mixture (the material name, abbreviated FGM) were designed, and its mechanical properties and durability performance were investigated. The mechanical properties of FGM include compressive strength, dynamic elastic modulus, dynamic shear modulus, Poisson’s ratio, and the stress–strain behaviors. The durability performance was evaluated by the parameters of acid resistance, which simulated an acid circumstance. After that, the environmental effects about carbon emission of this material were also investigated. Results show that the FGM with 84.6% wastes utilizing rate is a cost-effective material for foundation reinforcing treatment. Its compressive strength at 28 days and 60 days can reach more than 8 MPa and 10 MPa, respectively. After being immersed in the acid environment for 140 days, the mass loss (%) of the material could be under 3.5%. The greenness shows that the e-CO2 indices of FGM are lower than 20 kg/MPa·m3, and the e-energy indices are at below 150 MJ/MPa·m3. FGM has the advantages of acid resistance, waste recycling, and lower carbon emissions than the previous methods for foundation improvement.
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Chong, Calvin, Bob Hamersma, and Kevin L. Bellamy. "Comparative rooting of deciduous landscape shrub cuttings in media amended with paper mill biosolids from four different sources." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 78, no. 4 (October 1, 1998): 519–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p97-111.
Full textAbstract:
Scarcity of landfills has resulted in increasing need for alternative disposal or reuse of industrial organic wastes such as paper mill sludge (biosolids). The objective of this study was to evaluate and compare the rooting response of stem cuttings from six species of deciduous landscape shrubs [coralberry (Symphoricarpos × chenaultii Rehd. 'Hancock'); flowering almond (Prunus triloba Lindl. 'Multiplex'); honeysuckle (Lonicera × xylosteoides Tausch. 'Clavey's Dwarf'); mock orange (Philadelphus × virginalis Rehd. 'Minnesota Snowflake'); purple-leaf sandcherry (Prunus × cistena N. E. Hansen); and viburnum (Viburnum dentatum L.)] under mist and 50% shade (outdoor lath) in flats filled with 100% perlite medium, or perlite mixed with 15, 30, 45 or 60% of fresh paper mill biosolids, by volume, of one of four sources (Atlantic, Domtar, Thorold, and QUNO). There was little or no adverse effect of the biosolids, despite wide variability in rooting response due to species, source and/or level of biosolids. Regression analyses indicated that, with few exceptions, the percent rooting, mean root number per rooted cutting, and length of longest root per cutting increased linearly or curvilinearly, or was unaffected, when regressed over level of biosolids. Optimum amounts of biosolids in the rooting medium ranged from 30 to 60% by volume. The electrical conductivities of the biosolids-amended media were acceptable (0.1–0.3 dS m−1) for rooting of woody cuttings and pore space characteristics were comparable to, or exceeded those of, perlite. Key words: Ornamentals, landscape plants, propagation, organic waste, paper mill sludge, waste recycling