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Journal articles on the topic 'E. Reactive infiltration'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 14 March 2023

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1

CHADAM, J., D. HOFF, E. MERINO, P. ORTOLEVA, and A. SEN. "Reactive Infiltration Instabilities." IMA Journal of Applied Mathematics 36, no. 3 (1986): 207–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/imamat/36.3.207.

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2

Eustathopoulos, N., R. Israel, B. Drevet, and D. Camel. "Reactive infiltration by Si: Infiltration versus wetting." Scripta Materialia 62, no. 12 (June 2010): 966–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.02.030.

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3

Sangsuwan, Prasert, Joaquín A. Orejas, Jorge E. Gatica, Surendra N. Tewari, and Mrityunjay Singh. "Reaction-Bonded Silicon Carbide by Reactive Infiltration." Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research 40, no. 23 (November 2001): 5191–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie001029e.

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4

Kobayashi, Yoshihiro, Makoto Kobashi, and Naoyuki Kanetake. "Fabrication of Oxide Ceramics Composite by Reactive Infiltration Process." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 321–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.321.

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Reactive infiltration is a manufacturing process of metal matrix composites with low cost and low environmental impacts. In this study, reactive infiltration of a NiO/Ti blended powder preform with molten Al was examined. Titanium powder as an infiltration aid was mixed with NiO powder by various blending ratios. The preform and the Al ingot were then heated together up to 1273K ~1673K and held at these processing temperatures for 60 minutes by an induction furnace in N2 gas atmosphere. After the heating process, the vertical cross section was observed to see whether the infiltration and the in situ reaction occurred successfully. Spontaneous infiltration of molten aluminum into the powder preform did not occur when either processing temperature or blending ratio of titanium was not sufficiently high enough. Spontaneous infiltration occurred when processing temperature and volume fraction of titanium were 1273K, 1373K and 15%, 20%. But when volume fraction of titanium was 25%, the preform exploded by an extremely high. It was confirmed that Al3Ti, Al3Ni2 and Al2O3 were formed after the infiltration.

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5

Szymczak, Piotr, and Anthony J. C. Ladd. "Reactive-infiltration instabilities in rocks. Fracture dissolution." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 702 (May 28, 2012): 239–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2012.174.

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AbstractA reactive fluid dissolving the surface of a uniform fracture will trigger an instability in the dissolution front, leading to spontaneous formation of pronounced well-spaced channels in the surrounding rock matrix. Although the underlying mechanism is similar to the wormhole instability in porous rocks there are significant differences in the physics, due to the absence of a steadily propagating reaction front. In previous work we have described the geophysical implications of this instability in regard to the formation of long conduits in soluble rocks. Here we describe a more general linear stability analysis, including axial diffusion, transport-limited dissolution, nonlinear kinetics, and a finite-length system.

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6

Hozer, Leszek, and Yet-Ming Chiang. "Reactive-infiltration processing of SiC-metal and SiC-intermetallic composites." Journal of Materials Research 11, no. 9 (September 1996): 2346–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1996.0298.

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Liquid-phase reactive infiltration is a rapid and net-shape method of synthesizing silicon carbide composites. We use reactive infiltration of carbon with Si–A1 and Si–Cu melts to prepare composites consisting of interpenetrating networks of β–SiC and a secondary phase assemblage containing ductile metal (A1–Si) or a metal silicide (Si–Cu). The mechanisms of phase formation have been characterized. It is shown that a rapid initial reaction upon infiltration forms a largely stationary SiC network, within which the secondary phase constitution evolves due to solute rejection and liquid phase diffusion processes. Both homogeneous composites and those with controlled composition gradients have been synthesized.

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7

Tong, Yonggang, Shuxin Bai, Xiubing Liang, Qing H. Qin, and Jiangtao Zhai. "Reactive melt infiltration fabrication of C/C-SiC composite: Wetting and infiltration." Ceramics International 42, no. 15 (November 2016): 17174–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.08.007.

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8

Caccia, Mario, and Javier Narciso. "Production of SiC Materials by Reactive Infiltration." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 1863–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.1863.

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The use of oak sawdust as carbon precursor for SiC manufacture via reactive infiltration was studied. The effect of oak sawdust pressing parameters, temperature and pressure, on the final SiC's properties was studied. Final product's quality was evaluated through density measurement, and microstructure and pore size distribution variations were characterized with optical microscopy and mercury porosimetry. Pressed oak sawdust preforms were carbonized to obtain a carbon porous preform which was then infiltrated with melted silicon. Successful infiltration of preforms pressed at room temperatures were performed, to obtain a porous SiC. Hot pressed preforms were not satisfactory infiltrated due to a narrowing of their pores caused by SiC formation's expansiveness.

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9

Chen, Yuyong, and D. L. Chung. "Nickel aluminide (Ni3Al) fabricated by reactive infiltration." Journal of Materials Science 31, no. 8 (April 1996): 2117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00356634.

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10

Roessler, Karl, Gerda Suchanek, Helene Breitschopf, Klaus Kitz, Christian Matula, Hans Lassmann, and Wolfgang Th Koos. "Detection of tumor necrosis factor-α protein and messenger RNA in human glial brain tumors: comparison of immunohistochemistry with in situ hybridization using molecular probes." Journal of Neurosurgery 83, no. 2 (August 1995): 291–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1995.83.2.0291.

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✓ Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) protein and messenger (m)RNA distribution was studied in biopsy samples of glial brain tumors, using immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization with molecular probes, to investigate the role of this cytokine in tumor proliferation and immunological host defense. Focal expression of TNFα was detected in four of four glioblastomas, one of two anaplastic astrocytomas, and four of five low-grade astrocytomas, regardless of their subtype or grade of malignancy, but in none of the normal peritumoral brain tissues used as controls. The TNFα protein and mRNA were present in reactive astrocytes and protoplasmic tumor cells, confined to areas of leukocyte or T-lymphocyte infiltration, and less pronounced in tumor cells at the edge of necrosis. Additionally, TNFα reactivity was found in infiltrating macrophages and perivascular microglia. Immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization for TNFα showed comparable reaction patterns and numbers of TNFα-positive cells, even though the sensitivity of in situ hybridization was significantly higher. Quantitative evaluation of TNFα protein, TNFα mRNA, and leukocyte infiltration revealed a significant positive correlation between the TNFα-positive reactive astrocytes and the number of lymphocytes present in corresponding areas. Together, these data lead to the conclusion that TNFα in reactive astrocytes and monocytic cells within tumor areas of high leukocyte infiltration and in tumor cells at the border of necrosis may represent one defense pathway of the immune system against tumor proliferation.

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11

Zhang, Yubin, Xinjiang Liao, Qiaoli Lin, Dekui Mu, Jing Lu, Hui Huang, and Han Huang. "Reactive Infiltration and Microstructural Characteristics of Sn-V Active Solder Alloys on Porous Graphite." Materials 13, no. 7 (March 27, 2020): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13071532.

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In this work, the reactive wetting and infiltration behaviors of a newly designed Sn-V binary alloy were comprehensively explored on porous graphite for the first time. It was discovered that 0.5 wt.% addition of V can obviously improve the wettability of liquid Sn on porous graphite and the nominal V contents in Sn-V binary alloys has minor effects on the apparent contact angles wetted at 950 °C. Moreover, the V-containing Sn-V alloys were initiated to spread on porous graphite at ~650 °C and reached a quasi-equilibrium state at ~900 °C. Spreading kinetics of Sn-3V alloy on porous graphite well fitted in the classic product reaction controlled (PRC) model. However, our microstructural characterization demonstrated that, besides vanadium carbide formation, the adsorption of V element at the wetting three-phase contact line spontaneously contributed to the reactive spreading and infiltrating of Sn-V alloys on porous graphite. Meanwhile, the formation of continuous vanadium carbides could completely block the infiltration of Sn-V active solder alloy in porous graphite. Affected by the growth kinetics of vanadium carbides, the infiltration depth of Sn-V alloys in porous graphite decreased at increased isothermal wetting temperatures. This work is believed to provide implicative notions on the fabrication of graphite related materials and devices using novel V-containing bonding alloys.

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12

Caccia, Mario, and Javier Narciso. "Key Parameters in the Manufacture of SiC-Based Composite Materials by Reactive Melt Infiltration." Materials 12, no. 15 (July 30, 2019): 2425. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12152425.

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The manufacture of SiC-based composites is quite widespread, and currently different methods are employed to produce them. The most efficient method, taking into account the cost/performance ratio, is reactive melt infiltration. It consists in infiltrating liquid silicon into a porous preform that must contain carbon, so that SiC is produced during infiltration. In the present work, the synthesis of two SiC-based composite materials with very different applications and microstructures has been studied and optimized. In both cases, materials have been obtained with suitable properties for the selected applications. One of the materials studied is silicon carbide particles/silicon (SiCp/Si) for protection systems such as armor jackets, and the other one is carbon fiber/silicon carbide (Cf/SiC) for use in braking systems. For the optimization, the dwell time and the atmosphere (Ar or primary vacuum) were used as variables. It has been found that in both preforms, the optimum conditions are 1 h dwell time and a vacuum atmosphere at 1450 °C. The effect of these parameters on microstructure and infiltration kinetics are discussed.

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13

Rosenlöcher, Jens, Martina Feldmann, and Peter Greil. "Non-Oxide CMC Formation by Reactive Melt Infiltration." Key Engineering Materials 132-136 (April 1997): 1882–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.132-136.1882.

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14

Ortoleva, P., J. Chadam, E. Merino, and A. Sen. "Geochemical self-organization II; the reactive-infiltration instability." American Journal of Science 287, no. 10 (December 1, 1987): 1008–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2475/ajs.287.10.1008.

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15

Zhang, Wei, Nahum Travitzky, and Peter Greil. "Formation of NbAl3/Al2O3Composites by Pressureless Reactive Infiltration." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 91, no. 9 (September 2008): 3117–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2008.02583.x.

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16

Wagner, F., D. E. Garcia, A. Krupp, and N. Claussen. "Interpenetrating Al2O3-TiAl3 alloys produced by reactive infiltration." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 19, no. 13-14 (October 1999): 2449–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(99)00133-8.

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17

Ramasesha, Sheela K., and Kazuhisa Shobu. "Reactive Infiltration of Aluminum into Molybdenum Disilicide Preform." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 81, no. 3 (January 21, 2005): 730–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1998.tb02399.x.

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18

Hofbauer, Peter Josef, Friedrich Raether, and Edda Rädlein. "Finite element modeling of reactive liquid silicon infiltration." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 40, no. 2 (February 2020): 251–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2019.09.041.

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19

Marchi, C. San, and A. Mortensen. "Reactive infiltration processing of aluminum-nickel intermetallic compounds." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 29, no. 11 (November 1998): 2819–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-998-0322-8.

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20

Szymczak, P., and A. J. C. Ladd. "Interacting length scales in the reactive-infiltration instability." Geophysical Research Letters 40, no. 12 (June 19, 2013): 3036–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/grl.50564.

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21

Ortona, Alberto, Paolo Fino, Claudio D’Angelo, Sara Biamino, Giuseppe D’Amico, Daniele Gaia, and Sandro Gianella. "Si-SiC-ZrB2 ceramics by silicon reactive infiltration." Ceramics International 38, no. 4 (May 2012): 3243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2011.12.030.

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22

Voytovych, R., V. Bougiouri, N. R. Calderon, J. Narciso, and N. Eustathopoulos. "Reactive infiltration of porous graphite by NiSi alloys." Acta Materialia 56, no. 10 (June 2008): 2237–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2008.01.011.

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23

Yang, Zhenliang, Xinbo He, Mao Wu, Lin Zhang, An Ma, Rongjun Liu, Haifeng Hu, Yudi Zhang, and Xuanhui Qu. "Infiltration mechanism of diamond/SiC composites fabricated by Si-vapor vacuum reactive infiltration process." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 33, no. 4 (April 2013): 869–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2012.09.010.

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24

Madej, J. A., J. P. Madej, S. Dzimira, and M. Nowak. "An immunohistochemical analysis of lymphocytic infiltrations in canine skin cancers." Polish Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 141–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjvs-2017-0018.

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Abstract Lymphocytic infiltrations located in the extracellular matrix often accompany canine skin cancer. They can be characterised as an inflammatory infiltration and/or a second tumour - lymphoma. The aim of this study was an immunohistochemical analysis of a lymphocytic infiltration which accompanies spontaneous skin cancer. Twenty basal cell carcinoma, 20 non-keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma, 20 keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma and 8 sebaceous gland carcinoma samples which were accompanied by a lymphocytic infiltration and/or secondary lymphatic follicles were verified histopathologically. The expression of bcl-2, CD3, CD79α, Ki-67, MCM-3 and MCM-7 in the lymphocytic infiltration was evaluated. Four types of lymphocytic infiltrations were found: I - diffuse bcl-2+, II - diffuse bcl-2-, III - follicular bcl-2+/- where the centre was bcl-2-, and the marginal zone of the follicles and the extrafollicular area were bcl-2+ and IV - aggregated bcl-2+, where the centre and periphery were bcl-2+. The I and IV type corresponds to lymphoma, II type is non-neoplastic immune response and III type suggest reactive follicular hyperplasia. The proliferation of lymphocytes which demonstrated the expression of neoplastic markers (I and IV), suggests preneoplastic phase (pseudolymphoma) or lymphoma - the second independent tumour. A high proliferative index of the follicular blc-2+/- follicular infiltration indicates an increased immunological response of the host against skin cancer.

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25

Guedes, Mafalda, José Maria F. Ferreira, and Alberto C. Ferro. "A Study on CuO-Al₂O₃ Infiltration by Aluminium." Materials Science Forum 636-637 (January 2010): 571–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.636-637.571.

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This paper reports preliminary studies regarding a new fabrication process for aluminium alloy matrix particulate reinforced composites, which uses ceramic preforms with alumina and tailored amounts of reactive copper oxide, CuO. An Al2O3-CuO mixture with 75 mol% CuO was selected, aiming at a 10-40vol% reinforcement phase fraction in the final composite, after aluminium infiltration. Molten aluminium infiltration progress was studied as a function of ceramic’s composition, doping, and infiltration time. The resulting microstructures were investigated by OM, SEM, FESEM and EDS in order to establish the liquid aluminium infiltration profile at the metal/ceramic interface. Infiltration experiments showed that the 3CuO (s) + 2Al (l) → 3Cu (l) + Al2O3 (s) redox reaction is triggered at the experimental conditions used, but the infiltration process is slow and does not go to completion. The use of NaOH as a doping agent promotes effective infiltration of molten aluminium upon the ceramic green mixture.

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26

Szymczak, Piotr, and Anthony J. C. Ladd. "Reactive-infiltration instabilities in rocks. Part 2. Dissolution of a porous matrix." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 738 (December 18, 2013): 591–630. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2013.586.

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AbstractA reactive fluid dissolving a uniform porous material triggers an instability in the dissolution front, leading to spontaneous formation of pronounced well-spaced channels in the surrounding rock matrix. The concentration field within the dissolving region contains two different length scales, upstream (no reaction) and downstream of the front position. Previous investigations of the reactive-infiltration instability have considered one or other of the scales to be dominant, leading to rather different conclusions. Here we describe a more general linear stability analysis which includes both length scales simultaneously. We show how previous work corresponds to special cases of our more general analysis and obtain closed-form solutions for small permeability gradients.

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27

Qiao, Guan Jun, Shun Jian Xu, Jie Li, and Gui Wu Liu. "Fabrication of Complex-Shaped SiC Parts Based on Polymerization -Induced Phase Separation and Pyrolysis Technique." Key Engineering Materials 479 (April 2011): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.479.112.

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A route based on a technique of polymerization - induced phase separation and pyrolysis (PIPSP) has been developed to fabricate complex-shaped SiC parts. The capability of this process to produce complex component shapes has been demonstrated, and corresponding reactive mechanisms have been also discussed. Three types of porous carbon preforms, i.e. mesoporous carbon monoliths (MCMs), hierarchical porous carbon monoliths (HCMs) and porous carbon foam (PCFs) were obtained, which has different pore size distributions. The pore structures of the preforms can be controlled through changing starting mixture composition and polymerizing conditions. The apparent porosity of the preform was changed from 19.9 to 60%, which was a key parameter to obtain dense SiC parts. After reactive infiltration of the preform with Si, the SiC parts were obtained. Geometry of SiC parts were controlled by molds. The dimension shrinkage of SiC parts was less than 3% before/after siliconization and no distortion occurred. Compared with other molds assistance route, the wax mold assistance route was a most potential technique to fabricate SiC parts industrially because of its suitable forming precision, recycled mold materials and low-cost. The mechanism of the reactive infiltration of MCMs was different from that of the reactive infiltration of preforms with bigger pore size, i.e. the pore channels of MCMs were restructured at transitional stage of reaction.

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28

Tong, Yonggang, Shuxin Bai, and Ke Chen. "C/C–ZrC composite prepared by chemical vapor infiltration combined with alloyed reactive melt infiltration." Ceramics International 38, no. 7 (September 2012): 5723–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2012.04.017.

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29

Singh, M., and D. R. Behrendt. "Reactive melt infiltration of silicon-niobium alloys in microporous carbons." Journal of Materials Research 9, no. 7 (July 1994): 1701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1994.1701.

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Studies of the reactive melt infiltration of silicon-niobium alloys in microporous carbon preforms prepared by the pyrolysis of a polymer precursor have been carried out using modeling, DTA, and melt infiltration. Mercury porosimetry results indicate a very narrow pore size distribution with virtually all the porosity within the carbon preforms open to infiltrants. The morphology and amount of the residual phases (niobium disilicide and silicon) in the infiltrated material can be tailored according to requirements by careful control of the properties (pore size and pore volume) of the porous carbon preforms and alloy composition. The average room temperature four-point fiexural strength of a reaction-formed silicon carbide material (made by the infiltration of medium pore size carbon preform with Si–5 at. % Nb alloy) is 290 ± 40 MPa (42 ± 6 ksi) and the fracture toughness is 3.7 ± 0.3 . The fiexural strength decreases at high temperatures due to relaxation of residual thermal stresses and the presence of free silicon in the material.

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30

Camarano, Antonio, Donatella Giuranno, and Javier Narciso. "SiC-IrSi3 for High Oxidation Resistance." Materials 13, no. 1 (December 24, 2019): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010098.

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SiC is a material with excellent mechanical and thermal properties but with a high production cost. Obtaining SiC by reactive infiltration is an attractive method with a much lower cost than the traditional sintering process. However, the reactive infiltration process presents a serious problem, which is the high residual silicon content, which decreases its applicability. The replacement of silicon with silicides is a widely used alternative. The present investigation shows the good mechanical properties of the SiC-IrSi3 composite material obtained by reactive infiltration of SiC-C preforms with Ir–Si alloys. The thermomechanical analysis shows a high compatibility of silicide with SiC. The presence of the silicide shows a substantial improvement against the oxidation of the SiC-Si composites.

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31

Omura, Naoki, Makoto Kobashi, Takao Choh, and Naoyuki Kanetake. "Synthesis of TiC/Aluminum Composite by Reactive Infiltration Process." Materials Science Forum 396-402 (July 2002): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.396-402.271.

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32

Yetgin, Sevgi, Aliye Uç, Namik özbek, and Gönül Hiçsönmez. "Reactive plasmacytosis and plasmacytic skin infiltration in a patient." European Journal of Haematology 55, no. 2 (April 24, 2009): 131–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0609.1995.tb01823.x.

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33

HE, Shan-shan, Xiao-wei YIN, Li-tong ZHANG, Xiang-ming LI, and Lai-fei CHENG. "Ti3AlC2-Al2O3-TiAl3 composite fabricated by reactive melt infiltration." Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China 19, no. 5 (October 2009): 1215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1003-6326(08)60431-8.

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34

Watari, Takanori, Shin-ichiro Shimomura, Toshio Torikai, and Yasuo Imaoka. "Reactive infiltration of magnesium vapor into alumina powder compacts." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 19, no. 10 (August 1999): 1889–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(98)00291-x.

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35

SEN, ASOK K. "ASYMPTOTIC STRUCTURE OF A STEADY PLANAR REACTIVE INFILTRATION INTERFACE." Quarterly Journal of Mechanics and Applied Mathematics 41, no. 2 (1988): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/qjmam/41.2.215.

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36

Gheorghe, I., and H. J. Rack. "Reactive infiltration of 25 vol pct TiO2/Al composites." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 33, no. 7 (July 2002): 2155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-002-0047-z.

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37

Schneider, Gionata, Ludger Weber, and Andreas Mortensen. "Reactive pressure infiltration of Cu-46at.pct. Si into carbon." Acta Materialia 177 (September 2019): 9–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2019.07.010.

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38

Fan, Xiaomeng, Xiaowei Yin, Lei Wang, Peter Greil, and Nahum Travitzky. "Synthesis of Ti3SiC2-based materials by reactive melt infiltration." International Journal of Refractory Metals and Hard Materials 45 (July 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrmhm.2014.02.006.

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39

GIUNCHI, GIOVANNI. "HIGH DENSITY MgB2 OBTAINED BY REACTIVE LIQUID Mg INFILTRATION." International Journal of Modern Physics B 17, no. 04n06 (March 10, 2003): 453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979203016091.

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A new route to the sintering of MgB2 has been identified, based on a reactive infiltration of liquid Mg on a powdered B preform. The technique allows to obtain large bulk manufacts in an inexpensive way, without the need of high pressure apparatus. The best of the obtained samples shows a transport current density of 3 kA/cm2 at 4.2K and 9 T. The critical aspects of the technology are presented, together with the recent achievements and the perspective applications.

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40

Israel, Rana, Guillaume de Combarieu, Béatrice Drevet, Denis Camel, Nicolas Eustathopoulos, and Olivier Raymond. "Resistance to oxidation of graphite silicided by reactive infiltration." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 31, no. 12 (October 2011): 2167–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2011.05.005.

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41

Lin, Tao, Yong Liang Shi, and Hui Ping Shao. "Preparation of TiC Hard Metal by Presssureless Infiltration Method." Advanced Materials Research 652-654 (January 2013): 102–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.652-654.102.

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The steel matrix composites pressureless infiltration technology was studied in this paper. It is necessary to develop a reasonable process, select the appropriate gel system and additives, and prepare the complex shape of the large-size steel matrix composites by using gel-casting. For reactive melt infiltration technique, the porous skeleton was prepared by gelcasting preparation of the titanium powder and ceramic particles mixed, and the C-containing liquid metal infiltration of the porous skeleton. To improve the wettability between the molten metal and the ceramic phase, it is used for the process Ti-C in situ reaction to accelerate the impregnation process. Finally, the steel matrix composites with higher density were prepared.

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42

Kim, Joo Sun, H. W. Jun, Huesup Song, Jong Ho Lee, and Hai Won Lee. "Effect of Carbon Black Addition on Reaction-Bonded Silicon Carbide Ceramics." Key Engineering Materials 287 (June 2005): 189–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.287.189.

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High strength reaction-bonded silicon carbide ceramics was successfully produced by reducing the amount of residual silicon and the silicon pocket size with carbon black as an additional carbon source. A prototype of wafer carrier was also produced in near-net dimension by planar contact infiltration of molten silicon into a preform joined with six pieces of simple shape by eliminating process shrinkages. Forming shrinkages were decreased to a negligible level by compression molding, while sintering shrinkage was eliminated by reactive infiltration of molten silicon.

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43

Zhang, Q. B., J. B. Dawodu, A. Husain, G. Etolhi, C. G. Gemmell, and R. I. Russell. "Association of Antral Mucosal Levels of Interleukin 8 and Reactive Oxygen Radicals in Patients Infected with Helicobacter Pylori." Clinical Science 92, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0920069.

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1. Helicobacter pylori infection is characterized by an infiltration of neutrophils in the gastric mucosa. Neutrophil activation is an important source of reactive oxygen radicals, which cause tissue damage. Studies have shown that in Helicobacter pylori-infected patients there is increased mucosal production of interleukin 8. However, the role of interleukin 8 in the Helicobacter pylori-related inflammatory process and its relationship with reactive oxygen radicals remains to be clarified. The aims of this study were to investigate if there is any association between antral mucosal levels of interleukin 8 and reactive oxygen radicals and their relationship to gastric antral inflammation. 2. Fifty-two patients referred for endoscopy were recruited into the study. Gastric antral biopsies were taken for histology, culture and measurement of interleukin 8 and chemiluminescence (measuring reactive oxygen radicals). Interleukin 8 was measured by ELISA and the result expressed as pg/mg biopsy. Luminol-enhanced chemiluminescence was measured as mV min−1 mg−1 biopsy. Antral inflammation was assessed by a pathologist in a blinded fashion. 3. Antral mucosal levels of interleukin 8 and reactive oxygen radicals were significantly higher in Helicobacter pylori-colonized mucosa than in Helicobacter pylori-negative mucosa. After the eradication of Helicobacter pylori in patients with duodenal ulcer the median values (ranges) of interleukin 8 and reactive oxygen radicals fell from 1.21 (0.10-2.40) to 0.65 (0.00-1.60) and from 110.0 (10.0-959.0) to 14.5 (0.0-85.0) respectively. There was a positive correlation between interleukin 8 concentration and chemiluminescence response in the antral mucosa (r = 0.72). A higher interleukin 8 concentration was associated with greater neutrophil infiltration (r = 0.72) and mononuclear cell infiltration (r = 0.55); the magnitude of the chemiluminescence response was also positively associated with neutrophil (r = 0.77) and mononuclear cell infiltration (r = 0.59). 4. Interleukin 8 concentration is associated with an infiltration of neutrophils and mononuclear cells and is correlated with the production of reactive oxygen radicals in antral gastric mucosa infected with Helicobacter pylori. These findings suggest that interleukin 8 may be important in attracting and activating phagocytes to release reactive oxygen radicals, thereby causing mucosal damage.

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Ma, Xin Wei, and Yu Yan Ji. "Service Life Prediction of Reactive Powder Concrete due to Seawater Infiltration." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 1785–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.1785.

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Reactive powder concrete (RPC) has a higher strengths, as well as excellent durability and corrosion resistance. So, it is expected to be increasingly used in marine engineering. In this study, After the RPC samples had been subjected to gradually increased high-pressure seawater for 30 days, the chloride contents in the samples along with the infiltration direction were calibrated on an energy dispersive spectrometer. On the basis of second Fick’s law, the chloride ion diffusion model and service life prediction model of reactive powder concrete in sea water are established. The service life of an actual reactive powder concrete structure could be predicted.

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45

Rajesh, G., R. B. Bhagat, and K. A. Fichthorn. "Reactive Flow in a Porous Medium: Formulation for Spatially Periodic Hexagonally Packed Cylinders." Journal of Applied Mechanics 67, no. 4 (October 12, 1999): 749–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1312803.

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This study develops an integrated micro-macro model of reactive flow in a porous medium consisting of spatially periodic hexagonal array of solid reacting cylinders. The micro model describes the growth of reaction product on the solid reactant surface. The macro flow of the infiltrant fluid is described by Darcy’s law. The transient permeability and thus advancement of the infiltration front are determined as a function of process parameters from the micro model. Crucial process parameters that influence the advance of the fluid front are identified. The results from this investigation can be used to optimize the manufacture of ceramic-matrix composites. [S0021-8936(00)02703-3]

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Prokofiev, V. A., O. Yu Sorokin, M. L. Vaganova, and Yu Е. Lebedeva. "HIGH-TEMPERATURE FUNCTIONALLY GRADED MATERIAL FABRICATED VIA REACTIVE ALLOY INFILTRATION." Proceedings of VIAM, no. 11 (2018): 45–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2307-6046-2018-0-11-45-53.

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IZDINSKY, K., L. SENČEKOVÁ, F. SIMANČÍK, N. BERONSKÁ, and P. ŠVEC. "Mo/Mo silicide composites prepared by pressure-assisted reactive infiltration." Metallic Materials 53, no. 06 (2016): 391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4149/km_2015_6_391.

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48

Adjerid, S., J. E. Flaherty, W. Hillig, J. Hudson, and M. S. Shephard. "Modeling and the adaptive solution of reactive vapor infiltration problems." Modelling and Simulation in Materials Science and Engineering 3, no. 6 (November 1, 1995): 737–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0965-0393/3/6/001.

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Chadam, J., P. Ortoleva, and A. Sen. "A Weakly Nonlinear Stability Analysis of the Reactive Infiltration Interface." SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics 48, no. 6 (December 1988): 1362–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1137/0148084.

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Lenz, Franziska, and Walter Krenkel. "Carbon Fiber Reinforced Ceramics based on Reactive Melt Infiltration Processes." Journal of the Korean Ceramic Society 49, no. 4 (July 31, 2012): 287–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4191/kcers.2012.49.4.287.

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