Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'E-mail technology'

Email is a well established technology used worldwide for enterprise and private communication through the Internet. It allows people to communicate using text, but also other information formats used either as HTML or attached files. The communication is performed without the need of synchronized endpoints, based on the use of email servers that take care of storing and forwarding email letters. All these properties and much more standardized ones do not include security, which makes the choice of service provider hard when the letters sent in the email system include sensitive information. In the last few years there has been a big interest and growth in the area of cloud computing. Placing resources (computers, applications, information) out of local environments, thanks to the high speed connections in the Internet, provides countless possibilities. Actually, even email systems can be deployed in cloud computing environments, including all the email services (interface, client, and server) or a part of them. From a security point of view, the use of cloud computing leads to many threats generated by external parties and even the cloud providers. Because of these reasons, this work intends to present an innovative approach to security in a cloud environment, focusing on the security of an email system. The purpose is to find a solution for an email system deployable in a cloud environment, with all the functionality deployed on a external machine. This email system must be completely protected, minimizing the actions taken by the user, which should just connect to a portal through a web browser. Along this report there are details about the foundations, progress and findings of the research that has been carried out. The main objectives involve: researching on the concepts and state of the art of cloud computing, email systems and security; presenting a cloud computing architecture that will take care of the general aspects of security; designing an email system for that architecture that contains mechanisms protecting it from the possible security threats; and finally, implementing a simplified version of the design to test and prove the feasibility of it. After all the mentioned activities, the findings are commented, mentioning the applicability of research results to the current situation. Obviously, there is place for more research in depth of several topics related to cloud computing and email, that is why some of them are suggested.

The objectives of this study were (1) to identify and describe task-based documentation; (2) to identify and describe any purported changes in users attitudes when IT migration was preceded by task-based documentation; (3) to suggest implications of task-based documentation on users attitude toward IT acceptance. Questionnaires were given to 150 university students. Of these, all 150 students participated in this study. The study determined the following: (1) if favorable pre-implementation attitudes toward a new e-mail system increase, as a result of training, if users expect it to be easy to learn and use; (2) if user acceptance of an e-mail program increase as expected perceived usefulness increase as delineated by task-based documentation; (3) if task-based documentation is more effective than standard help menus while learning a new application program; and (4) if training that requires active student participation increase the acceptance of a new e-mail system. The following conclusions were reached: (1) Positive pre-implementation attitudes toward a new e-mail system are not affected by training even if the users expect it to be easy to learn and use. (2) User acceptance of an e-mail program does not increase as perceived usefulness increase when aided by task-based documentation. (3) Task-based documentation is not more effective than standard help menus when learning a new application program. (4) Training that requires active student participation does not increase the acceptance of a new e-mail system.

This research seeks to determine the impact of the use of e-mail between lecturers and students at the NMMU. New students at universities, and especially first year undergraduates, can sometimes have difficulties in addressing their concerns, questions and ideas about their courses and are faced with the difficulty of adapting to a new lifestyle and the university environment. Interactivity and feedback are key contributors to providing an effective learning environment for such students. Lecturers provide the main source for university students to discover what is expected of them to identify the key learning goals related to a course, from a lecturer (Braxton, Milem & Sullivan, 2000:569). The increase in student numbers in Higher Education over the last decade has been dramatic, placing greater pressures on academic staff in terms of contacting students. As computer technology becomes both more prevalent and more intrusive, its use and misuse are increasingly falling under the critical scrutiny of academic researchers. If traditional educational methods are supported, such support must be flexible enough to accommodate technology, but as a means, not an end. The research of e-mail impact between students and lecturers is still very new and is open for additional study (Braxton, et al. 2000:590).

This research project examined the diffusion of change within one Victorian TAPE Institute by engaging action research to facilitate implementation of e-mail technology. The theoretical framework involving the concepts of technology innovation and action research was enhanced with the aid of Rogers's (1983) model of the diffusion of the innovation process. Political and cultural factors made up the initiation phase of innovation, enabling the research to concentrate on the implementation phase of e-mail Roger's (1983) model also provided adopter categories that related to the findings of a Computer Attitude Survey that was conducted at The School of Mines and Industries Ballarat (SMB), now the University of Ballarat—TAPE Division since amalgamation on 1st January 1998. Despite management rhetoric about the need to utilise e-mail, Institute teaching staff lacked individual computers in their work areas and most were waiting to become connected to the Internet as late as 1997. According to the action research reports, many staff were resistant to the new e-mail facilities despite having access to personal computers whose numbers doubled annually. The action research project became focussed when action researchers realised that e-mail workshop training was ineffective and that staff required improved access. Improvement to processes within education through collaborative action research had earlier been achieved (McTaggart 1994), and this project actively engaged practitioners to facilitate decentralised e-mail training in the workplace through the action research spiral of planning, acting, observing and reflecting, before replanning. The action researchers * task was to find ways to improve the diffusion of e-mail throughout the Institute and to develop theoretical constructs. My research task was to determine whether action research could successfully facilitate e-mail throughout the Institute. A rich literature existed about technology use in education, technology teaching, gender issues, less about computerphobia, and none about 'e-mailphobia \ It seemed appropriate to pursue the issue of e-mailphobia since it was marginalised, or ignored in the literature. The major political and cultural influences on the technologising of SMB and e-mail introduction were complex, making it impossible to ascertain the relative degrees of influence held by Federal and State Governments, SMB's leadership or the local community, Nonetheless, with the implementation of e-mail, traditional ways were challenged as SMB's culture changed. E-mail training was identified as a staff professional development activity that had been largely unsuccessful. Action research is critical collaborative inquiry by reflective practitioners who are accountable for making the results of their inquiry public and who are self-evaluating of their practice while engaging participative problem-solving and continuing professional development (Zuber-Skerritt 1992, 1993). Action research was the methodology employed in researching e-mail implementation into SMB because it involved collaborative inquiry with colleagues as reflective practitioners. Thoughtful questions could best be explored using deconstructivist philosophy, in asking about the noise of silence, which issues were not addressed, what were the contradictions and who was being marginalised with e-mail usage within SMB. Reviewing literature on action research was complicated by its broad definition and by the variability of research (King & Lonnquist 1992), and yet action research as a research methodology was well represented in educational research literature, and provided a systematic and recognisable way for practitioners to conduct their research. On the basis of this study, it could be stated that action research facilitated the diffusion of e-mail technology into one TAPE Institute, despite the process being disappointingly slow. While the process in establishing the action research group was problematic, action researchers showed that a window of opportunity existed for decentralised diffusion of e-mail training,in preference to bureaucratically motivated 'workshops. Eight major findings, grouped under two broad headings were identified: the process of diffusion (planning, nature of the process, culture, politics) and outcomes of diffusion (categorising, e-mailphobia, the survey device and technology in education). The findings indicated that staff had little experience with e-mail and appeared not to recognise its benefits. While 54.1% did not agree that electronic means could be the preferred way to receive Institute memost some 13.7% admitted to problems with using the voice answering service on telephones. Some 43.3% thought e-mail would not improve their connectedness (how they related) to the Institute. A small percentage of staff had trouble with telephone voice-mail and a number of these were anxious computer users. Individualised tuition and peer support proved helpful to individual staff whom action researchers believed to be 'at risk', as determined from the results of a Computer Attitude Survey. An instructional strategy that fostered the development of self-regulation and peer support was valuable, but there was no measure of the effects of this action research program, other than in qualitative terms. Nevertheless, action research gave space to reflect on the nature of the underlying processes in adopting e-mail. Challenges faced by TAPE action researchers are integrally affected by the values within TAPE, which change constantly and have recently been extensive enough to be considered as a 'new paradigm'. The influence of competition policy, the training reform agenda and technologisation of training have challenged traditional TAPE values. Action research reported that many staff had little immediate professional reason to use e-mail Theoretical answers were submerged beneath practical professional concerns, which related back to how much time teachers had and whether they could benefit from e-mail. A need for the development of principles for the sound educational uses of e-mail increases with the internationalisation of education and an increasing awareness of cultural differences. The implications for conducting action research in TAPE are addressed under the two broad issues of power and pedagogy. Issues of power included gaining access, management's inability to overcome staff resistance to technology, changing TAPE values and using technology for conducting action research. Pedagogical issues included the recognition of educational above technological issues and training staff in action research. Finally, seventeen steps are suggested to overcome power and pedagogical impediments to the conduct of action research within TAPE. This action research project has provided greater insight into the difficulties of successfully introducing one culture-specific technology into one TAPE Institute. TAPE Institutes need to encourage more action research into their operations, and it is only then that -we can expect to answer the unanswered questions raised in this research project.

This thesis has been carried out during second semester 2010 at University College of Borås in Collaboration with Halens AB. Halens Holding AB is one of Sweden’s leading e-commerce companies. The company contains of four subsidiaries which together create Halens Holding AB. The concern includes Halens AB, Cellbes AB, Time Finans AB and New Bubbleroom Sweden AB. The main office of Halens Holding AB is located in Borås, the company has a turnover of 1.1 billion SEK and employs 300 people. Halens Holding AB has a wide range of products; fashion, home textile, furniture’s, home electronics and beauty- and health products. Halens has recently expanded their market, and now have Swedish, Norwegian, Finnish, Danish, Estonian, Latvian, Czech, Polish, Slovakian, Russian, Swiss, Slovenian and Turkish customers.The purpose of this thesis was to investigate customer requirements and demands on e-commerce. Furthermore, the intention was also to compare customers from the different subsidiaries. The purpose could be concluded with following three bullets;Identify customer demand on; product, lead-time, service and cost. Investigate differences in customer demand at two of the subsidiaries; Halens and Cellbes. Determine different consequences to the identified customer demand; purchase, non-purchase, purchase followed by return, uncollected package. A survey was made in order to find real time information about customer behavior. The objective of the survey was to understand customers’ demands of e-commerce in general. The next step was to investigate if Halens and Cellbes fulfilled those requirements. Moreover, observations were made in order to capture the customers’ use of the web-pages. These observations provided a deeper insight of the customer requirements and demands. With survey answers and observations as a base, different customer segments could be spotted. Furthermore, the task was to find problem areas or errors from the customers’ point of view in order to improve the system. Suggested areas for improvement were presented in order to get a better match between customer demand and customer experience. During this project, a clear view of the demand and requirements of Halens and Cellbes customers has been obtained. There were not major difference between the two subsidiaries, to the contrary; the results showed that there were very similar. It can be concluded that Halens and Cellbes can improve their businesses with smaller changes. Several proposals for improvement have been developed in order to better fulfill customer demand.

Purpose/aim: To investigate individual experiences of how a new communication technology, e-mail, influences a) the structure of the internal communication – does it for example make networking any easier? – and b) the form of the persons everyday language.

Material/method: A theoretical framework gathered through a literature study and empirical data gathered through interviews with two persons.

Main results: Differences and similarities exist between the experiences studied in this paper. The most unexpected result is that the system of e-mail does not seem to be able to create new channels of communication. If anything, it reinforces the structure that already exist. An aspect of decisive importance is the original rules and norms concerning internal communication within the organization.

Bakgrund: Företag som huvudsakligen agerar med Internet som kontaktkanal möter sällan eller aldrig sina kunder fysiskt, vilket leder till ett behov av att komplettera frånvaron av fysisk kontakt med andra former av kommunikation. Som lösning på detta problem har företag börjat tillämpa personligt anpassad e-postmarknadsföring vid kontakt med konsumenter för att bättre tillgodose kunders behov av relevant information. Samtidigt som personlig anpassning ger möjligheten att erbjuda kunden mervärde och öka kundens lojalitet kan också kunden uppfatta tekniken som falsk och konstruerad. Otillräcklig kunskap om konsumenters värderingar i frågor som berör personlig anpassning av e-post kan leda till att företag får svårt att knyta sig till potentiella kunder samt behålla befintliga kunder.

Syfte: Syftet med uppsatsen är att undersöka till vilken grad e-handelskonsumenter föredrar personligt anpassade e-postutskick, hur e-postutskick bör framställas samt vilken betydelse konsumentens relation till företaget har. Detta ska resultera i rekommendationer till företag som genom personlig anpassning vill utveckla sin e-handelsstrategi.

Metod: För att kunna bekräfta eller förkasta de uppsatta hypoteserna tar uppsatsen ett hypotetiskt deduktivt angreppssätt. En kvantitativ enkätundersökning används för att samla in empirisk data vilken har analyserats statistiskt med hjälp av t-test. Undersökningens population omfattar ett e-handelsföretags kunder.

Resultat: Uppsatsens empiriska studie visar att e-handelskonsumenter av manligt kön föredrar personligt anpassade e-postutskick framför opersonliga e postutskick. I allmänhet uppfattas personlig anpassning som relevanshö-jande teknik, särskilt om den personliga anpassningen är genuin och om konsumenten tidigare uttryckligen angett sitt intresse för e-postutskicket. I uppsatsen studeras våra resultat närmare för att identifiera i vilka situationer som e-handlarnas värderingar skiljer sig åt. Företag bör beakta att kunden är mer öppen för personlig anpassning av e postutskick när denne har kontroll över hur företaget tillämpar den personliga anpassningen. Demografiska faktorer som utbildningsnivå och till viss del geografisk lokalisering har ock-så betydelse för hur personlig anpassning uppfattas.

Background: Companies that primarily act with Internet as channel of contact meet their customers in real life very rarely or never, which creates a need to complement the absence of physical contact with other forms of communication. As a solution to this problem companies have begun to implement personalized e-mail marketing in order to better satisfy customers’ need for relevant information. Still, as personalization gives the possibility to offer the customer added value while increasing the customer loyalty, the technology can also be perceived as deceitful and artificial. Insufficient knowledge regarding the customers’ perception of issues that concern personalization can result in difficulties for companies to attract new and retain existing customers.

Purpose: The purpose of the thesis is to study to what extent e-consumers prefer personalized e-mail marketing, how e-mail campaigns should be created and what significance the relation has between consumers and companies. This is expected to result in recommendations to e-tailors that want to develop their business through the use of personalization in their e-mail marketing efforts.

Method: In order to be able to verify or to falsify the set hypotheses, the research takes a hypothetical deductive approach. A quantitative survey has been used to collect the empirical data which has been statistically analyzed with the use of t-tests. The research population consists of the customers of an e-tailor.

Conclusions: The empirical study shows that male e-consumers prefer personalized e mail marketing more than non-personalized e-mail marketing. Personalization is in general perceived as a technique to increase the level of relevance of the e-mail, thus being looked upon as added value, especially when the technique is genuine and if the consumer explicitly has given his or hers area of interest for the e-mail campaigns. In the thesis the research results are studied closer in order to investigate in which situations opinions part. Companies should also consider that customers are more open towards personalized e-mail marketing when she or he has control over how the companies apply personalization. Demographic factors such as level of education and to a certain extent geographical location also have an impact on how personalization is perceived.

Having a functioning internal communication is necessary for the survival and existence of every company. Traditional communication channels are for example meetings, noteboards and personnel newspapers. During the last ten years we have witnessed an explosion of new channels, who are based on information technology. IT is a natural part in new IT-companies, like Framfab and Icon Medialab, but what role does IT have in a large, manufacturing company with a long history? The purpose with this thesis is to investigate how IT has influenced the internal communication in a company. With this thesis we want to contribute to a developed understanding of communication within companies and discuss what role IT can play for internal communication in the future. We have chosen to study Akzo Nobel and have interviewed employees in different business units to investigate their view on communication and the influence of IT. We found that IT has had a relatively great impact on the internal communication and that the new technology often work as a complement to the traditional communication channels. We believe that IT will lead to an increased amount of written communication and that the communication will be detached from persons. There is a risk that the amount of information will increase and that this will make it harder for the individual to find relevant information. For IT to be an efficient channel for companies in the future, we believe that companies must educate employees regarding technology, pedagogic and written presentation.

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This work follows the line of research University, Teaching and Formation of Teachers. Its principal objective is to analyze the discourse of professors in an Institution of Higher Learning in the State of S?o Paulo about the use of e-mail as a didactic-pedagogical resource. Afier signing a free consent agreement, 50 professors at the Institution answered a questionnaire containing questions about their professional profile and their knowledge about computers, Internet and e-mail. Results indicated that 48 (96.0%) professors have access to computers; 88.0% use them to send and receive e-mail; and 72.0% send didactic material to their students through this system. The participants agree that the computer is a good support for learning and that by means of it classes can be more interesting. Regarding the interactivity provided by using e-mail, 96.0% agree that it facilitates professor/student interaction as well as student/student interaction; furthermore, 90.0% agree that with the use of e-mail educational objectives are easier to reach. In the light of the results obtained, we recommend that professors of Higher Education be aware of the technological resources available in order to reflect on the use of these diverse tools, among which can be found e-mail, in the teaching-learning process.
Este trabalho se insere na linha de pesquisa Universidade, Doc?ncia e Forma??o de Professores e teve como objetivo principal analisar o discurso de professores de uma Institui??o de Ensino Superior do interior do Estado de S?o Paulo sobre o uso do e-mail como recurso did?tico-pedag?gico. Participaram da pesquisa 50 professores da referida Institui??o e a eles foi aplicado, ap?s a assinatura do Termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, um question?rio com perguntas referentes ao perfil dos participantes e a seus conhecimentos acerca de computadores, da Internet e do e-mail. Os resultados indicaram que 48 (96,0%) professores t?m acesso a computadores e que 88,0% o utilizam para o envio e recebimento de e-mail, enquanto 72,0% disseram enviar material did?tico para seus alunos atrav?s deste sistema. Os participantes concordam que o computador ? um bom suporte para a aprendizagem e que atrav?s dele as aulas podem se tornar mais interessantes. Quanto ? interatividade proporcionada pelo uso do e-mail, 96,0% concordam que ela facilita tanto a intera??o professor/aluno, quanto a intera??o aluno/aluno; al?m disso, 90,0% concordam que com o uso do e-mail os objetivos educacionais s?o alcan?ados mais facilmente. Em vista dos resultados obtidos, recomendamos que os professores de Ensino Superior estejam atentos aos recursos tecnol?gicos dispon?veis, de forma a refletirem sobre o uso de diversas ferramentas, entre elas o e-mail no processo de ensino-aprendizagem.

This thesis gives the reader an understanding for newsletters within e-commerce, and how to work with them as a channel for marketing. Furthermore it explains the technical and graphical demands, and how to ensure that the newsletter reaches the intended receivers.

A successful newsletter can entice people to shop, but can also help to strengthen a brand and the relationship between the customer and the company. During the writing of the thesis, it has emerged that the most important part of a newsletter (which also determine whether or not the receiver reads the letter) are the subject heading, sender, layout, headlines,images and the deregistration link.

A part from working with the different parts of the letter, the sender should also be aware of the technical and graphical demands. Since the E-mail clients are looking out forimages, fonts that are not embedded in the computer, and for questionable words there’s a big risk for ending up in a spam filter when not considering the demands. To ensure that the letter reaches the receivers it is common to test it against spam filter, look at it in the different E-mail clients, use A/B split test and finally test what time and day that fits the receivers the best.

One of the strongest arguments to use E-mail communication is because it is an extremely measurable medium. With help from special programmes one can easily find out which E-mails bounced, why they bounced, how many opened the E-mail, which links they clicked, who deregistered and who forwarded it. The answers to these questions are all valuable information since it gives an understanding for the customers and gives the sender a chance to improve the letters.

I collected forty-two e-mail forwards over the course of four months, and from those I formulated a framework that adapts existing theory in collection and study of real-world folklore to the emerging folk communities that exist on the internet. Through this analysis I prove that the same genres of folklore that is routinely collected by folklorists have been adapted to fit the digital environment of the internet. I then use the framework that I lay out to perform a study of the e-mails themselves.

Este trabalho aborda os impactos da revolução tecnológica, sobretudo os causados pela rede mundial de computadores (mais precisamente a internet) que trouxeram alterações em antigos padrões, em especial no âmbito das relações de emprego. Nesse cenário, analisa-se não só a evolução histórica do direito do trabalho e da internet, mas também as fontes, as garantias geradoras da controvérsia (o poder diretivo e de propriedade X o direito à privacidade, intimidade e a inviolabilidade de correspondência), as ferramentas utilizadas, as formas e limites do monitoramento e por fim sua repercussão no âmbito juslaboral no Brasil e no mundo, com o escopo de apresentar medidas preventivas, pacificadoras e que harmonizem as garantias sociais outrora conquistadas. Trata-se, sem dúvida, de assunto polêmico, controvertido, ainda tratado de forma superficial pela doutrina, pouco enfrentado, da mesma forma, pelos Tribunais, ressalvando a relevância e o próprio caráter de novidade exigidos em pesquisas de pós-graduação como a presente.
This work approaches the impacts of the technological revolution, mainly the impacts caused by the worldwide computers network (here, the internet) that brought alterations in old patterns, especially in the employee-employer relationship. In this scenario, this work analyzes the historic evolution of the labor law and the internet, the sources and some principles which creates controversy (such as the employer\'s directive power and property right versus the rights to privacy, intimacy, and the non-violation of mail), the tools, the forms and limits of the control and, finally, its repercussion in the labor law in Brazil and in the world with the scope to present certain preventive and conciliatory procedures, that harmonize those social principles achieved a long time ago. This subject is certainly controversial and is still treated in a superficial way by the law thinkers, as well as, by the Courts. Thus, this work highlights the relevance and the innovative character required in a graduation research.

The subject of the thesis is to examine what communication tools the students of Kungsmadskolan in Växjö uses to communicate on the Internet and what are the motives that lie behind this choice and continued use. The thesis focus on five groups of communication tools: chat, Internet forum, community, Internet telephony and e-mail. The purpose of the study is to investigate and understand the motive that lies behind the choice of Internet-based communication tools done by high school students. We have chosen a qualitative method to conduct our research. We have collected empirical data through discussions with two focus groups divided into one with only boys and one with only girls from Kungsmadskolan in Växjö. We then analyze this data and draw conclusions from it. Prior to the focus group discussions, we created a theoretical framework. This framework has been used to steer and support the discussions and as a theoretical support in our analysis. The framework consists of five parts: communication, communication tools, motivation, choice and acceptance. Through this study we have been able to establish that the most important influence on the students choice of communication tools comes from their friends. This means that the strongest motivation to their choice comes from the search for social communion. Communication tools that the students use are: MSN, Flashback.com, Forumet.nu, Fuska.nu, Bilddagboken.se, Lunarstorm, Community.se, Helgon.nu, Facebook, Hotmail, school-mail, work-mail and Spraymail.

Ämnet för uppsatsen är att undersöka vilka kommunikationsverktyg gymnasieelever på Kungsmadskolan i Växjö använder sig av för att kommunicera på Internet, vilka motiv som ligger bakom valet av kommunikationsverktyg och det fortsatta användandet. Uppsatsen inriktar sig på fem olika typer av kommunikationsverktyg: chatt, Internetforum, community, Internettelefoni och e-post. Undersökningens syfte är föreståelseinriktat, vilket innebär att vi ämnar att undersöka och förstå vilka motiv som avgör gymnasieelevernas val. Vi har valt en kvalitativ metod för vår undersökning. Vi har genom diskussion med två stycken fokusgrupper indelade i en med bara killar och en med bara tjejer från Kungsmadskolan i Växjö samlat in empirisk data. Denna data har vi sedan analyserat och dragit slutsatser utifrån. Inför våra diskussioner med fokusgrupperna har vi skapt en teoretisk referensram. Denna referensram har fungerat både som underlag för att styra och stödja diskussionerna och som teoretiskt stöd vid analysen av resultatet. Referensramen är uppdelad i fem avsnitt: kommunikation, kommunikationsverktyg, motivation, val och acceptans. Vi kom fram till att vänner i den direkta omgivningen har störst påverkan på vilken/vilka kommunikationsverktyg gymnasieeleverna använder sig av och väljer att börja använda. Detta innebär också att den starkaste motivationsfaktorn i valet är sökandet efter social gemenskap. Kommunikationsverktygen gymnasieeleverna använder är: MSN, Flashback.info, Forumet.nu, Fuska.nu, Bilddagboken.se, Lunarstorm, Community.se, Helgon.nu, Facebook, Hotmail, skolmail, jobbmail och Spraymail.

Email is one of the most used services on the Internet. It's hard to find a user with less than one own mailbox. These mailboxes are usually located on servers controlled by someone else than mailbox owners. Users trying to create their own email serverhave to install unix system and go through hard configuration process of the email server. Purpose of this work is to familiriaze reader with email history and protocols and then introduce design and implementation of an email server with easy configuration for Windows NT platform.

Organisations today operate in a complex, unpredictable, globalised, and competitive business environment and challenging marketplace, emphasis on just-in-time deliveries and service quality through the integration of resources. In response to the changing business dynamics, web-based EDI (WEDI) has been adopted by the global container shipping industry to cost-effectively utilise available resources to build and remain its competitive advantage. To improve the current understanding of WEDI adoption factors, this research explores inter-organisational collaboration of WEDI adoption, focusing on the organisational adoption stage and examine how business level social and relational factors influence WEDI adoption in the context of the container liner shipping industry. Based on theoretical and literature reviews on previous EDI adoption, in particular to three key inter-organisational system adoption empirical research (including Lee and Lim, 2005; Boonstra and de Vries, 2005; Zhu et al., 2006), an integrated research model was established of which features ‘Social Resources' of (trading partner power, trading partner dependence and social network effect), ‘Relational Resources' of (trading partner trust, top management commitment and guanxi, ‘Reward' of (perceived interests), and ‘Technological State' of (technological trust and e-readiness) as prominent antecedents. Through E-mail and Web Survey approach, we examine the nine independent constructs in the research model quantitatively on a dataset of 164 respondents from the top 20 leading container shipping liner in year 2009 and 195 respondents of the top 20 leading container shipping liner in 2012 by 3 case studies through online surveys. After examining its reliability, validity and correlation of the constructs, PLS structural Equation Modelling was applied to test hypotheses. The empirical results update how firms exchange business dada, in particular to the use of WEDI in the industry. This study demonstrated that ‘Social Resources' of trading partner power, trust and guanxi, positively associated with the perceived interest of WEDI adoption. Relational Resources' of trading partner trust, top management commitment and guanxi positively associated with the perceived interest of WEDI adoption. It also confirms the nine constructs to be positively association the WEDI adoption decisions. Drawing upon social exchange theory, we argue that firms simultaneously modify and adjust their social and relational resources to affect other firms' expected benefit as a reward. Overall, based on a rigorous empirical analysis of two different international dataset, this research provides valuable and the most updated insights into a set of key factors that influence WEDI adoption. By recognising what may influence WEDI adoption in the context of the container liner shipping, this study will be useful in suggesting strategies to overcome the constraints that inhibit adoption. Researchers will benefit from the study's theoretical insights and explore further WEDI adoption and diffusion patterns. Practitioners who learn why organisations adopt WEDI and what the related factors are that influence the adoption process will make better strategic decisions concerning the adoption of WEDI.

Syftet med föreliggande uppsats är att bidra till en ökad förståelse för hur technostress yttrar sig hos projekt- och produktionsledare inom olika områden i mediebranschen. Detta genom att undersöka vilka technostress creators (techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity och techno-uncertainty) som påverkar denna yrkesgrupp, samt hur anställda hantera dessa. I genomförandet av studien har två kvalitativa- och en kvantitativ metod tillämpats. Den kvalitativa datainsamlingen utgjordes av en fokusgruppsdiskussion samt enskilda intervjuer med projekt- och produktionsledare verksamma i Malmö. Den kvantitativa undersökningen gjordes i form av en enkät som skickades både till projekt- ochproduktionsledare inom mediebranschen i Malmö, samt till Nätverket Pirayas medlemmar.Studien visar att projekt- och produktionsledare inom mediebranschen framförallt upplevertechno-overload samt techno-invasion. Insamlade data tyder också på att den medieteknik som främst ligger till grund för detta är e-post och mobiltelefoner. Tillsammans möjliggör de en hög arbetsbelastning som informanterna och respondenterna upplever som svår att hinna med under kontorstid. Därtill innebär medieteknikens mobilitet – och därmed arbetets tillgänglighet utanför kontoret – att informanterna och respondenterna tidvis har svårt att hålla isär arbetsliv och privatliv. Utlåtande från informanterna och respondenterna tyder emellertid på att förekomsten av techno-complexity, techno-insecurity och techno-uncertainty är låg hos projekt- och produktionsledare inom mediebranschen.
This study aims to examine whether project- and production managers within different areas of the media industry experience technostress due to any of the five technostress creators:techno-overload, techno-invasion, techno-complexity, techno-insecurity and techno-uncertainty. Furthermore, the study examines how employees handle the effects of these. In the study, both qualitative and quantitative methods have been applied. The qualitative data collection includes a focus group discussion as well as individual interviews with project- and production managers operating in Malmö. The quantitative data collection was conducted in the form of a survey sent to both project- and production managers in the media industry in Malmö and to Nätverket Piraya’s members. The results show that project- and production managers in the media industry mostly experience techno-overload and techno-invasion. The collected data indicate that information communication technologies (ICT) such as email and mobile phones are the main reason for this. Together, they enable a workload that is difficult for the respondents to keep up with and finish during office hours. The mobility of these ICT’s also allows the respondents to work outside the office, making it difficult for many to separate work and personal life. The study also shows that the presence of techno-complexity, techno-insecurity och techno-uncertainty is low among the respondents.

Introdução: A proporção de idosos na população tem aumentado significativamente. O envelhecimento traz como consequência o declínio funcional, limitando sua independência e dificultando o aprendizado de novas habilidades. A expectativa de vida feminina é maior que a masculina, de forma que frequentemente ocorre a viuvez feminina. A viuvez e o divórcio são situações que podem trazer à mulher a necessidade de assumir novas tarefas, assim como aprender a utilizar tecnologias da informação e comunicação que não faziam parte de seu cotidiano, demandando o desenvolvimento de habilidades visando adotar os novos equipamentos e realizar independentemente as novas tarefas. Devido ao declínio funcional natural do envelhecimento e a experiência limitada na utilização desses equipamentos, tornando-se um desafio a elas. Dessa forma, o processo de adaptação da mulher ao assumir novas tarefas e adotar novos equipamentos em seu cotidiano mostra-se como um importante tópico a ser estudado. Objetivo: Conhecer o processo de adaptação que mulheres têm ao assumir tarefas predominantemente masculinas, identificando quais equipamentos adotados, as dificuldades enfrentadas e as estratégias desenvolvidas. Métodos: Estudo exploratório, correlacional, seccional, com abordagem quali-quantitativa. Participaram 96 mulheres. Foram aplicados o Mini-Exame do Estado Mental, o índice de Lawton e Brody, um Questionário sócio-demográfico e a Entrevista \"Novas tarefas e tecnologias no dia-a-dia\". Os dados coletados foram tabulados no software Epi Info® e divididos em categorias temáticas e submetidos à Análise de Conteúdo. Resultados: Participaram 96 mulheres, idades entre 50 e 86 anos e média de 62,5 anos. Observou-se que o adoecimento e/ou óbito de familiares, principalmente do marido, demandaram que as mulheres se adaptassem ao assumir novas tarefas, exigindo direta e indiretamente o desenvolvimento de novas habilidades e a utilização de novos equipamentos no cotidiano. Observou-se que as mulheres apresentaram dificuldades ao adotar os equipamentos devido às características ergonômicas e pela pouca experiência prévia em utilizar equipamentos semelhantes. Conclusão: A viuvez e o divórcio podem demandar que as mulheres assumam novas tarefas. Observou-se também a necessidade indireta proveniente da busca por novas formas de lazer e por maior contato com familiares. Através dos resultados deste estudo é possível auxiliar o processo de adaptação das mulheres e facilitar a adoção dos equipamentos e o desenvolvimento de estratégias mais adequadas.
Introduction: The proportion of elderly in the population has increased significantly. Aging brings as a consequence the functional decline, limiting their independence and making the learning of new skills. Female life expectancy is higher than men\'s, so that often occurs to female widowhood. The widowhood and divorce are situations that may bring the woman need to take on new tasks, as well as learn how to use information and communication technologies that were not part of their daily lives. Requiring the development of skills in order to adopt the new equipment and perform new tasks independently. Due to natural aging and functional decline the limited experience in the use of the equipment, making it a challenge to them. In this way, the process of adaptation of the woman to take on new tasks and adopt new equipment in your daily life shows itself as an important topic to be studied. Objective: To know the process of adaptation that women have to assume tasks predominantly male, identifying what equipment adopted, the difficulties faced and strategies developed. Methods: Exploratory study, correlational, sectional, with quali-quantitative approach. Attended 96 women. Were applied the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Index of Lawton and Brody, a socio-demographic questionnaire and the interview \"New tasks and technologies in everyday life\". The collected data were tabulated in Epi lnfo® software and divided into thematic categories and subjected to Content Analysis. Results: Participants were 96 women, ages 50 and 86 years and average of 62.5 years. It was observed that the death of relatives, and/or illness primarily of husband, demanded that women adapt to take on new tasks, requiring directly and indirectly the development of new skills and the use of new equipment in daily life. It was observed that women have difficulties in adopting the equipment due to the ergonomic features and little previous experience using similar equipment. Conclusion: The widowhood and divorce can demand that women assume new tasks. We also observed an indirect need coming from search for new forms of leisure and for greater contact with relatives. Through the results of this study can help the process of adaptation of women and facilitate the adoption of the equipments and the development of more appropriate strategies.

CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
A contaminaÃÃo dos ecossistemas aquÃticos atravÃs do lanÃamento de resÃduos sÃlidos e lÃquidos constitui um dos impactos ambientais mais observados no semiÃrido nordestino, implicando em prejuÃzos aos usos mÃltiplos da Ãgua e na saÃde coletiva. Portanto, o reuso planejado de Ãgua assume papel fundamental na gestÃo sustentÃvel dos recursos hÃdricos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o desempenho e as repercussÃes socioambientais do MÃdulo Fossa Verde (MFV, ou canteiro biossÃptico) implantado no Assentamento 25 de Maio (A25M, Madalena, CearÃ). Essa tecnologia social corresponde a um modelo alternativo de tratamento de efluente domiciliar que considera o reuso da Ãgua em quintais produtivos, a proteÃÃo dos recursos naturais e contribui para o saneamento rural. A pesquisa adota como estudo de caso 58 fossas verdes construÃdas de modo participativo em residÃncias e equipamentos sociais no A25M. O nÃvel de satisfaÃÃo e apropriaÃÃo da tecnologia foi obtido por meio da tÃcnica combinada de entrevista e observaÃÃo participante realizadas no perÃodo de Set./2011 a Set./2012. Os canteiros foram monitorados na mesma ocasiÃo das entrevistas e foram considerados os seguintes critÃrios avaliativos: grau de utilizaÃÃo, cultivo e diversidade de planta, posicionamento das mudas, porte e quantidade das mudas, ocorrÃncia de extravasamento, refluxo, entupimento, odor e realizaÃÃo da manutenÃÃo. Em relaÃÃo ao nÃvel de satisfaÃÃo, percebe-se que o contentamento dos beneficiÃrios com o MFV à mais visÃvel nos casos em que as bananeiras frutificaram e nas situaÃÃes de desempenho satisfatÃrio do sistema. A escassez hÃdrica interferiu no desempenho de alguns canteiros em decorrÃncia do menor aporte de efluente provindo do consumo de Ãgua domÃstico. E de modo geral, a utilizaÃÃo dos quintais produtivos associados ao saneamento ecolÃgico fortalece a agricultura familiar e valoriza a cultura local, alÃm disso, promove a saÃde ambiental. A avaliaÃÃo da qualidade do substrato foi baseada em parÃmetros microbiolÃgicos (C-BMS, RBS e qCO2) e quÃmicos (pH, P, MO, CE) analisados em amostras de canteiros biossÃpticos sob diferenciados sistemas gerenciamentos. Os resultados apontaram que os sistemas com maiores Ãndices de atividade metabÃlica sÃo aqueles onde se observam os melhores cenÃrios de desenvolvimento vegetal. O desenvolvimento satisfatÃrio das culturas, inclusive com fornecimento de frutos (mamÃo, banana, pimentÃo, tomate) pode estar associado ao cultivo mÃltiplo de espÃcies no canteiro, sugerindo um arranjo de culturas que melhor se adeque aos nÃveis fÃsforo, nitrogÃnio e, sobretudo, teor de salinidade, encontrados nos substratos coletados. Amostras representativas de tomate (Solanum esculentum), pimenta (Capsicum chinense), banana (Musa sp.) e folha de malvarisco (Plectranthus amboinicus L.) foram submetidas à anÃlise de qualidade sanitÃria e os resultados indicaram que os mesmos sÃo plenamente aptos para o consumo. Os parÃmetros de dimensionamento do sistema foram calculados atravÃs do balanÃo de massa hÃdrica e incluem a estimativa do consumo per capita de Ãgua, contribuiÃÃo de esgoto e coeficiente de retorno (r) em duas situaÃÃes distintas: casa interligada à rede de abastecimento de Ãgua e casa desprovida de Ãgua encanada. Para estimativa do uso consuntivo do MFV foi utilizado um canteiro controle com cultivo de banana (Musa spp.), em que a taxa de evapotranspiraÃÃo da cultura (Etc), verificada pelos mÃtodos Tanque Classe A e Penman-Monteith, apresentou 5,1mm.dia-1 para o consumo hÃdrico. O dimensionamento satisfatÃrio para o aproveitamento mais eficiente da Ãgua provinda do esgoto domÃstico à de 30 m para casas com Ãgua canalizada e de 2m para casas desprovidas de abastecimento de Ãgua em rede. Enfatiza-se a perspectiva de formulaÃÃo de polÃticas pÃblicas de saneamento rural para projetos de reforma agrÃria com vistas à habitaÃÃo saudÃvel e à promoÃÃo da saÃde coletiva.
The contamination of aquatic ecosystems through discharge of waste is one of the environmental impacts more often observed in the Brazilian Northeast semiarid environment, resulting in losses of the multiple uses of water and of collective health. The planned water reuse assumes a fundamental role in the sustainable management of water resources. This study aims to evaluate the performance and environmental impacts of the green sewage modules technology (GSM) implanted in "25 de Maio" land reform Settlement, (Madalena, CearÃ). This social technology corresponds to an alternative model of treatment of household wastewater that considers water reuse in productive backyards, protection of natural resources and contributes to rural sanitation. The research adopted the case study of 58 GSM that were constructed using a participative approach. The level of satisfaction and ownership of technology was achieved through the combined technique of participant observation and interviews conducted from September 2011 to September 2012. The GSM were monitored at the same time the interviews were carried out and the following assessment criteria: degree of use, cultivation and plant diversity, placement of seedlings, seedling size and quantity, occurrence of overflow, reflux, obstruction, odour and conducting maintenance. Regarding the level of satisfaction, it is noted that contentment with GSM is most visible where the banana trees produce fruits and at situations of satisfactory performance of the system. Water scarcity affected the performance of some GSM due to the lower contribution of effluent coming from domestic water consumption. Overall the use of productive backyards associated with ecological sanitation strengthens family farms and appreciates the local culture also promotes environmental health. The assessment quality of GSM substrate was based on microbiological (SMB-C, SBR and qCO2) and chemical (pH, P, OM, EC) parameters analyzed in samples from five beds chosen under different managements systems. The results showed that systems with higher metabolic activity are those where we observe the best scenarios for crops development. The satisfactory development of crops, including production of fruits (papaya, banana, peppers and tomatoes) may be associated with the cultivation of multiple species on beds, suggesting an array of crops that best fits the levels phosphorus,nitrogen, and especially content salinity, found in substrates collected. Representative samples of tomato (Solanum esculentum), pepper (Capsicum chinense), banana (Musa sp.) and malvarisco leaves (Plectranthus amboinicus L.) were subjected to analysis of sanitary quality, and the results indicated that they are fully able to consumption. The GSM design parameters were calculated using the mass balance of water that include estimate of per capita consumption of water, sewage contribution and coefficient of return (r) in two different situations: household with piped water and house devoid of piped water. In order to estimate the consumptive use of GSM, it was used a control bed cultivated with banana (Musa spp.), in which the rate of crop evapotranspiration (Etc), verified by the methods Class A pan and Penman-Monteith, showed a water consumption 5,1 mm.day-1. The satisfactory design of GSM for the use most efficient of water effluent from domestic sewage is 30 m for households with piped water and 2 m for households devoid of piped water. It emphasizes the perspective of public policy formulation sanitation for rural land reform projects with a view to healthy housing and the promotion of health.

COELHO, Christine Farias. Impactos socioambientais e desempenho da fossa verde no Assentamento 25 de Maio, Madalena (Ceará). 2013. 112 f. : Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do Ceará, Pró-Reitoria de Pesquisa e Pós-Graduação, Programa Regional de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento e Meio Ambiente, Fortaleza-CE, 2013.
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The contamination of aquatic ecosystems through discharge of waste is one of the environmental impacts more often observed in the Brazilian Northeast semiarid environment, resulting in losses of the multiple uses of water and of collective health. The planned water reuse assumes a fundamental role in the sustainable management of water resources. This study aims to evaluate the performance and environmental impacts of the green sewage modules technology (GSM) implanted in "25 de Maio" land reform Settlement, (Madalena, Ceará). This social technology corresponds to an alternative model of treatment of household wastewater that considers water reuse in productive backyards, protection of natural resources and contributes to rural sanitation. The research adopted the case study of 58 GSM that were constructed using a participative approach. The level of satisfaction and ownership of technology was achieved through the combined technique of participant observation and interviews conducted from September 2011 to September 2012. The GSM were monitored at the same time the interviews were carried out and the following assessment criteria: degree of use, cultivation and plant diversity, placement of seedlings, seedling size and quantity, occurrence of overflow, reflux, obstruction, odour and conducting maintenance. Regarding the level of satisfaction, it is noted that contentment with GSM is most visible where the banana trees produce fruits and at situations of satisfactory performance of the system. Water scarcity affected the performance of some GSM due to the lower contribution of effluent coming from domestic water consumption. Overall the use of productive backyards associated with ecological sanitation strengthens family farms and appreciates the local culture also promotes environmental health. The assessment quality of GSM substrate was based on microbiological (SMB-C, SBR and qCO2) and chemical (pH, P, OM, EC) parameters analyzed in samples from five beds chosen under different managements systems. The results showed that systems with higher metabolic activity are those where we observe the best scenarios for crops development. The satisfactory development of crops, including production of fruits (papaya, banana, peppers and tomatoes) may be associated with the cultivation of multiple species on beds, suggesting an array of crops that best fits the levels phosphorus,nitrogen, and especially content salinity, found in substrates collected. Representative samples of tomato (Solanum esculentum), pepper (Capsicum chinense), banana (Musa sp.) and malvarisco leaves (Plectranthus amboinicus L.) were subjected to analysis of sanitary quality, and the results indicated that they are fully able to consumption. The GSM design parameters were calculated using the mass balance of water that include estimate of per capita consumption of water, sewage contribution and coefficient of return (r) in two different situations: household with piped water and house devoid of piped water. In order to estimate the consumptive use of GSM, it was used a control bed cultivated with banana (Musa spp.), in which the rate of crop evapotranspiration (Etc), verified by the methods Class A pan and Penman-Monteith, showed a water consumption 5,1 mm.day-1. The satisfactory design of GSM for the use most efficient of water effluent from domestic sewage is 30 m² for households with piped water and 2 m² for households devoid of piped water. It emphasizes the perspective of public policy formulation sanitation for rural land reform projects with a view to healthy housing and the promotion of health.
A contaminação dos ecossistemas aquáticos através do lançamento de resíduos sólidos e líquidos constitui um dos impactos ambientais mais observados no semiárido nordestino, implicando em prejuízos aos usos múltiplos da água e na saúde coletiva. Portanto, o reuso planejado de água assume papel fundamental na gestão sustentável dos recursos hídricos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo avaliar o desempenho e as repercussões socioambientais do Módulo Fossa Verde (MFV, ou canteiro biosséptico) implantado no Assentamento 25 de Maio (A25M, Madalena, Ceará). Essa tecnologia social corresponde a um modelo alternativo de tratamento de efluente domiciliar que considera o reuso da água em quintais produtivos, a proteção dos recursos naturais e contribui para o saneamento rural. A pesquisa adota como estudo de caso 58 fossas verdes construídas de modo participativo em residências e equipamentos sociais no A25M. O nível de satisfação e apropriação da tecnologia foi obtido por meio da técnica combinada de entrevista e observação participante realizadas no período de Set./2011 a Set./2012. Os canteiros foram monitorados na mesma ocasião das entrevistas e foram considerados os seguintes critérios avaliativos: grau de utilização, cultivo e diversidade de planta, posicionamento das mudas, porte e quantidade das mudas, ocorrência de extravasamento, refluxo, entupimento, odor e realização da manutenção. Em relação ao nível de satisfação, percebe-se que o contentamento dos beneficiários com o MFV é mais visível nos casos em que as bananeiras frutificaram e nas situações de desempenho satisfatório do sistema. A escassez hídrica interferiu no desempenho de alguns canteiros em decorrência do menor aporte de efluente provindo do consumo de água doméstico. E de modo geral, a utilização dos quintais produtivos associados ao saneamento ecológico fortalece a agricultura familiar e valoriza a cultura local, além disso, promove a saúde ambiental. A avaliação da qualidade do substrato foi baseada em parâmetros microbiológicos (C-BMS, RBS e qCO2) e químicos (pH, P, MO, CE) analisados em amostras de canteiros biossépticos sob diferenciados sistemas gerenciamentos. Os resultados apontaram que os sistemas com maiores índices de atividade metabólica são aqueles onde se observam os melhores cenários de desenvolvimento vegetal. O desenvolvimento satisfatório das culturas, inclusive com fornecimento de frutos (mamão, banana, pimentão, tomate) pode estar associado ao cultivo múltiplo de espécies no canteiro, sugerindo um arranjo de culturas que melhor se adeque aos níveis fósforo, nitrogênio e, sobretudo, teor de salinidade, encontrados nos substratos coletados. Amostras representativas de tomate (Solanum esculentum), pimenta (Capsicum chinense), banana (Musa sp.) e folha de malvarisco (Plectranthus amboinicus L.) foram submetidas à análise de qualidade sanitária e os resultados indicaram que os mesmos são plenamente aptos para o consumo. Os parâmetros de dimensionamento do sistema foram calculados através do balanço de massa hídrica e incluem a estimativa do consumo per capita de água, contribuição de esgoto e coeficiente de retorno (r) em duas situações distintas: casa interligada à rede de abastecimento de água e casa desprovida de água encanada. Para estimativa do uso consuntivo do MFV foi utilizado um canteiro controle com cultivo de banana (Musa spp.), em que a taxa de evapotranspiração da cultura (Etc), verificada pelos métodos Tanque Classe A e Penman-Monteith, apresentou 5,1mm.dia-1 para o consumo hídrico. O dimensionamento satisfatório para o aproveitamento mais eficiente da água provinda do esgoto doméstico é de 30 m² para casas com água canalizada e de 2m² para casas desprovidas de abastecimento de água em rede. Enfatiza-se a perspectiva de formulação de políticas públicas de saneamento rural para projetos de reforma agrária com vistas à habitação saudável e à promoção da saúde coletiva.

Acompanha: Química inclusiva: sequência de atividades: estudo das reações químicas numa perspectiva multissensorial
Há alguns anos está acontecendo no Brasil a transferência dos alunos com necessidades especiais da Educação Especial para o Ensino Regular. No entanto, a escola e os educadores não foram preparados para essa mudança, prevalecendo ainda barreiras físicas e atitudinais para a inclusão. Acredita-se nessa pesquisa que uma das formas de resolver este problema é trabalhar a inclusão de alunos cegos por meio da experimentação e recursos didáticos digitais. Na literatura científica, já existem vários recursos didáticos que foram criados ou adaptados, porém ainda há muito a se fazer, principalmente para alunos com necessidades especiais. Considerando a teoria de Vigotski, em que os alunos com necessidades especiais devem aprender os mesmos conteúdos com o mesmo grau de exigência que os demais, e utilizando uma metodologia multissensorial, desenvolveu-se um material didático constituído de uma sequência didática e materiais adaptados com a finalidade de facilitar o processo ensino aprendizagem do conteúdo reações químicas por parte de alunos com ou sem problemas de visão. A pesquisa de análise do material desenvolvido foi do tipo qualitativa, sendo realizada com alunos de segundo ano do ensino médio. A criação de um programa computacional acessível, e sua associação à experimentação, bem como a sequência de atividades, se mostraram eficientes na melhora da aprendizagem e da inclusão efetiva dos deficientes visuais.
In Brazil, it has now been a few years since students with special needs have been transferred from there specialized institutions to be absorbed in the regular educational system. However, the building infrastructure of schools and the teachers are generally not prepared for this encounter, and barriers are prevailing for proper inclusion of these students. In this research, we believe that one of the ways to solve the problem of inclusion of blind students is trough experiments and digital teaching resources. Regarding Vygotsky’s theory, students with disabilities must learn the same content with the same level of requirement as other students using a multisensory approach. We have developed teaching materials that counts with a sequence of activities and adapted materials to facilitate the teaching and learning of chemical reactions, for students with or without vision problems. The analysis of the research was qualitative, with students from the second grade of high school. The experiments associated to the computer program developed, the activities and materials showed the effective improved learning and also showed the effective inclusion of the visually impaired students.

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Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais
When we analyze the basic needs of human beings, the quantity and quality of available water determines the life quality of a family or community. This research brings to light the importance of access to water to ensure the basic needs of rural communities based on social inclusion and self-sufficiency. A unique case study, based on Martin (2008), was proposed to study water management in the Rural Settlement Horto Vergel in Mogi Mirim-SP. The proposal aims to bring up the strategies and analyze the conditions and obstacles to implement more sustainable techniques in water management in rural settlements. A diagnosis of the settlement was developed based on a survey of existing documents, interviews with settlers, leaders, agents and Technical Assistance and Rural Extension (Ater) institutions working on site, as well as practical activities for implementation and evaluation of participatory methodologies developed during the research. It was found that sustainability in management and conservation of water in the settlement is directly linked to its historical development (camping, entering the lot, opening the water hole wells, installation of the power grid, semi artesian wells, opening of wells, installation of network distribution system, and creation of the rural district), forms of public investment and organizational models used. The institutions of Ater should systematize the adapted technologies for family agriculture already charted and/or tested related to water management and conservation, and develop instruments that will ensure the continuity and transfer of information between entities and teams. The existence of structural and organizational problems within the settlement, in addition to insufficient financial resources, lack of alternative methods and technologies, and research on water management and conservation by the Ater specialists, have interfered and still complicate the development process of the settlement.
Quando analisamos as necessidades básicas dos seres humanos, a quantidade e a qualidade da água disponível se apresentam como fatores determinantes da qualidade de vida de uma família ou comunidade. A presente pesquisa traz à tona a importância do acesso à água para garantir o atendimento das necessidades básicas de comunidades rurais, com base na inclusão social e a autossuficiência. Foi selecionada uma proposta de Estudo de Caso único, baseado em Martins (2008), no Assentamento Rural Horto Vergel em Mogi Mirim-SP, onde foi delimitado o tema manejo da água. A proposta visa levantar as estratégias e analisar as condições e obstáculos para implantação de técnicas mais sustentáveis no manejo da água em assentamentos rurais. Foi realizado um diagnóstico do assentamento a partir de levantamento de documentos já existentes, realização de entrevistas com assentados, lideranças, agentes de Ater e órgãos reguladores atuantes no local, além de atividades práticas para aplicação e avaliação das metodologias participativas desenvolvidas durante a pesquisa. A existência de problemas estruturais e organizacionais dentro do assentamento, somados aos recursos financeiros insuficientes, a ausência de métodos e tecnologias alternativas, e a falta de pesquisas na área de manejo e conservação da água nos órgãos de Ater dificultaram e ainda dificultam o processo de desenvolvimento do assentamento. É necessária a sistematização pelos órgãos de Ater das tecnologias adaptadas à agricultura familiar relacionas com o manejo e conservação da água já mapeadas e/ou testadas, além da implantação de instrumentais que garantam a permanência e o repasse das informações entre as instituições e seus técnicos. Verificou-se que a sustentabilidade no manejo e conservação da água no assentamento está diretamente ligada ao seu histórico de desenvolvimento (acampamento, entrada no lote, abertura dos poços cacimba, instalação da rede de energia elétrica, abertura dos poços semiartesianos, instalação da rede de distribuição, e criação do bairro rural), às formas de investimento do dinheiro público e aos modelos de organização utilizados.

Mestrado em Gestão de Sistemas de Informação
O objectivo deste estudo consiste em propor um método de análise ex-ante de investimentos na área de sistemas de informação e tecnologias de informação e comunicação (SI/TIC), com aplicação ao sector público, que represente uma melhoria face aos métodos actualmente existentes. A metodologia adoptada consiste em determinar as características identificadas na literatura como desejáveis para um método desta natureza, orientar o desenvolvimento do método no sentido dessas características e, uma vez desenvolvido, verificar em que medida o mesmo as conseguiu incorporar. Uma das características consideradas fundamentais é a da usabilidade pelos decisores: Para facilitar a utilização pelos decisores é desenvolvida uma aplicação que o implementa o método proposto. Outra característica tida como importante é a incorporação de conhecimentos já disponíveis, pelo que o método proposto é desenvolvido a partir de outros já existentes: a metodologia MAIS e a AHP expandida com cut off values (AHP+). O método resultante vai ao encontro de muitas características identificadas como desejáveis, sendo de destacar a capacidade de incorporar múltiplos critérios livremente escolhidos, numa avaliação que faculta um valor preciso facilitando a comparação precisa entre várias alternativas de investimento. As vertentes estratégica, financeira e de risco são abordadas de forma abrangente e sistemática. Posterior investigação orientada para aumentar a usabilidade do método fica facilitada pela disponibilização de uma aplicação que o implementa.
The goal of the present study is the proposal of an improved method for ex-ante investment assessment in information systems and information and communications technology to be mainly used in the public sector. The adopted methodology relies on literature review aimed at identification of key characteristics whose accommodation at the method to be developed is to be evaluated. One of the key characteristics is perceived usability since most available methods are not used while investment decisions are still made in a casuistic manner. In order to improve its usage the method is provided together with a software application. Since available knowledge embedding is an important characteristic the method is developed from existing ones, namely MAIS and an expanded version of AHP (AHP+). The resulting method meets most of the key characteristics notably its multi-criteria capacities as well as its precise evaluation feed-back allowing for a fine comparison between rival investment proposals. Strategic, financial and risk issues are also dealt with in a broad systematic way. Following investigation aiming to increase usability of the proposed method will be eased since the provided software application allows for real life tests which will give valuable feed-back.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior
The aim of this work is to use a new technology in the treatment of produced wastewaters from oil industry. An unit for treat produced waters called UTMDIF, was designed, installed and operated in an industrial plant for treatment of effluents from oil industry. This unit operates by means of the method of separation of phase inversion and can become a promising alternative to solve the problem of oil/water separation. This method constitutes the basis of the working of a new design of mixersettler of vertical configuration which occupies small surface area. The last characteristic becomes specially important when there is limitation on the lay-out of the plant, for example, over maritime platforms to explore oil. This equipment in a semi-industrial scale treats produced wastewaters contaminated with oil at low concentrations (ranging from 30 to 150 mg/L) and throughputs of 320 m3/d (47,4 m3 m-2 h-1). Good results were obtained in oil/water separation which leads to the necessary specification to discharge those wastewaters. Besides, the non dependence of the efficiency of separation in spite of the salinity of the medium becomes the equipment an attractive new technology to treat wastewaters containing oil at low concentrations
Este trabalho tem por objetivo utilizar uma nova tecnologia no tratamento de ?guas produzidas da ind?stria do petr?leo. Uma Unidade de Tratamento de ?guas Produzidas, denominada UT-MDIF, foi projetada, instalada e operou dentro de uma planta industrial de tratamento de efluentes de petr?leo. Esta Unidade de Tratamento piloto utiliza o m?todo de separa??o ? invers?o de fases e pode se tornar numa alternativa promissora para resolver o problema de separa??o ?leo/?gua. Este m?todo constitui a base do funcionamento de um novo modelo de misturador-decantador de configura??o vertical e que ocupa pequena ?rea superficial. Esta ?ltima caracter?stica se torna especialmente importante, quando existe limita??o de espa?o no lay-out da planta industrial, por exemplo, uma plataforma mar?tima para explora??o de petr?leo. Este equipamento em escala semi-industrial trata ?guas produzidas contaminadas com petr?leo em baixas concentra??es da ordem de 30 a 150 mg/L e vaz?es efetivas de 320 m3/d (47,4m3m-2h-1). Os bons resultados na separa??o ?leo/?gua, obtendo-se a especifica??o necess?ria para descarte, associado ? n?o depend?ncia da efici?ncia de separa??o face ? salinidade do meio, podem tornar o equipamento uma nova tecnologia no tratamento de ?guas contaminadas com ?leo a baixas concentra??es

碩士
樹德科技大學
資訊管理研究所
90
There are two complementary research streams about information technology and individual performance in the past of information systems research. One is utilization research that focuses on attitudes and beliefs; the other is fit research that focuses on performance influence with task-technology. Belong to the kind of utilization research such as technology acceptance model (TAM) refers to easy of use and usefulness that affect individual or organizational behavior, but less refer to task characteristics. Subsequently, although these kinds of fit focus researcher consider fit relation between task-technology characteristics, but less verify the psychological state between individual and technlogy support task activity. In the past of the play theory of mass communication have refer to self involvement with individual aspect. Recently, these kinds of research have been applied the computer and network that refer to person continue request a “flow experience” can get forward learn new skills. Flow can make an index of interactive with individual and technology. Our research subjects are both undergraduate students and postgraduate students, and use E-mail as support tool to measure subjects. We use measurement model analysis and structural equation model analysis to verify respondent samples. The findings that individual flow experience has positive influence with TTF construct; task characteristics have positive influence with TTF construct; technology characteristics have positive influence with perceived ease of use; TTF construct have positive influence with perceived usefulness. Our research can give a measure course of technology support task activity and to provide some of factor considering by developer system design.

碩士
國立臺南大學
教育學系科技發展與傳播研究所（至95年）
93
The purpose of this study was to design a teaching activity merged into Science and Technology learning areas for the sixth grade elementary students by using e-mail. It is to comprehend the content and attitude of students’ learning by using e-mail and to find out the learning effectiveness. In the subject of this study, there were two sixth grade classes of Tainan municipal Kaiyuan Elementary School: One was an experimental group, which contained of 30 people; the other was a control group, which contained of 32 people. The experimental group put Science and Technology Learning Areas into e-mail teaching while the other group applied traditional teaching. The researcher, who chose two chapters from Nanyi version Book twelve for Science and Technology as teaching materials, was also the teacher of the two classes. The pretest-posttest nonequivalent group experimental design was adopted in the experiment. After the experimental teaching for nine weeks, the students of two groups were tested by using Science and Technology Learning achievement test. Besides, t-test was used to compare the difference of the two groups. Analyzing the e-mail content of the experimental group and imposing it on the questionnaire and interview of e-mail emerged into the Science and Technology, there was a conclusion: First, the quantity of students’ discussion by using e-mail would be affected by the traits of chapters, questions, message and the attitude of teachers. Second, students used e-mail to response questions directly, and most content of the e-mail was narrative and communicative. Third, applying e-mail into Science teaching to enhance the learning effectiveness of students in Science and Technology. Fourth, after merging e-mail into Science teaching, students liked this kind of teaching method. Fifth, most of the students didn’t have difficulty in using e-mail, and they liked to use it to communicate with each other. Finally, there were some suggestions for teaching Science and Technology and further researches.

The topic of the importance of modern didactic tools in the current conditions of pedagogical practice is considered as contemporary and often discussed. The thesis deals with the question whether the application of modern technology can streamline the work of teachers, including school management and also whether it can become one of the criteria for raising the level of education and organization development. The thesis gives an insight into the ability of school management and other education participants to accept, but also induce changes and innovations in education. It also concerns the issue of schools' open-minded thinking and providing lifelong learning to local community. The thesis attempts to find a mutual relationship between effective application of modern technology, collaboration and the impact on results of entire work. The thesis deals with the use of ICT across different types of schools. The survey should also verify the impact of didactic tools on the quality and results of education by type of school, especially those who participated in the project of Ústi nad Labem Region called Community School (elementary, secondary, special), including feedback. The output of the thesis is summarization, interpretation and completion of the data obtained.

abstract: The 21st-century professional or knowledge worker spends much of the working day engaging others through electronic communication. The modes of communication available to knowledge workers have rapidly increased due to computerized technology advances: conference and video calls, instant messaging, e-mail, social media, podcasts, audio books, webinars, and much more. Professionals who think for a living express feelings of stress about their ability to respond and fear missing critical tasks or information as they attempt to wade through all the electronic communication that floods their inboxes. Although many electronic communication tools compete for the attention of the contemporary knowledge worker, most professionals use an electronic personal information management (PIM) system, more commonly known as an e-mail application and often the ubiquitous Microsoft Outlook program. The aim of this research was to provide knowledge workers with solutions to manage the influx of electronic communication that arrives daily by studying the workers in their working environment. This dissertation represents a quest to understand the current strategies knowledge workers use to manage their e-mail, and if modification of e-mail management strategies can have an impact on productivity and stress levels for these professionals. Today’s knowledge workers rarely work entirely alone, justifying the importance of also exploring methods to improve electronic communications within teams.
Dissertation/Thesis
Doctoral Dissertation Civil, Environmental and Sustainable Engineering 2018

New mass media impact on the nature of public communication and the use and gratification of existing mass media because each new medium is used and experienced differently. As a new mass medium, the Internet offers different forms of communication, such as Internet Relay Chat, Multi-User Dungeons and chatrooms. It has also combined traditional mass media, namely print, radio and television, into a single powerful medium. Due to the fact that the Internet is still an emerging medium, its long-term effects on the nature of public communication and traditional mass media warrants ongoing investigation. The first part (Part A) of this dissertation situates the Internet chronologically within the development of traditional mass media and their impact on public communication. Part B investigates Internet use among a group of professionals in South Africa. The objective is to identify how they use the Internet and the gratification they derive from it.
Communication Science
M.A. (Communication)

Dada a crescente dimensão do Instituto Superior Técnico, o actual serviço de recepção poderá ser melhorado, atendendo à maior rapidez na identificação de pessoas, serviços e contactos, ao alargamento do horário de funcionamento, bem como através da disponibilização e divulgação de mais informação. O projecto de trabalho da recepção virtual é uma plataforma electrónica, um monitor que se encontra à entrada dos pavilhões e que vai ajudar toda a comunidade escolar, quer aqueles que dela fazem parte, quer os seus visitantes. A recepção virtual irá ajudar a localizar e encaminhar para salas de aula, serviços, gabinetes, bibliotecas e todos os espaços físicos que a escola dispõe. Permitirá ainda levar à descoberta de espaços ou serviços desconhecidos e portanto, conhecer melhor a totalidade da escola. Esta plataforma disponibilizará informação sobre os eventos a decorrer no âmbito da escola tais como exposições, seminários e feiras e destacará notícias como a atribuição de prémios, a elaboração de protótipos de reconhecido mérito, publicações entre outras. Com a disponibilização da Recepção Virtual à entrada dos pavilhões, a comunidade escolar vai conhecer melhor a localização dos serviços, incluindo a constituição das equipas de trabalho e os seus respectivos contactos, a localização de salas e laboratórios. Estará ainda a par dos eventos que fazem parte da agenda e das notícias no âmbito da escola, promovendose, assim, um maior conhecimento sobre a globalidade do Instituto Superior Técnico, bem como a integração e a participação na vida da escola.
Given the growing size of the Instituto Superior Técnico, the current Reception Service can be improved given the faster identification of persons, services and contacts, the extension of opening hours, as well as through the provision and the spread of more information. The project work of the Virtual Reception is an electronic platform, a monitor placed at the entrance of buildings, which will help the whole school community, either those belonging to it or its visitors. The Virtual Reception will help to show and guide to classrooms, departments, offices, libraries and all the physical spaces of the school. It will also lead to the discovery of unknown spaces or services, and therefore a better knowledge of the whole school. This platform will provide information on events taking place within the school such as exhibitions, seminars, fairs, and will highlight news such as awards, the development of prototypes of recognized merit, among other publications. With the release of Virtual Reception at the entrance of buildings, the school community will get to know the location of services, including the composition of work teams and their respective contacts, the location of classrooms and laboratories. It will also be aware of events of the agenda and the news within the school, thus providing a greater understanding of the whole of the Instituto Superior Técnico, as well as the integration and participation in school life.

TITLE: Use of information and communication technologies in English language teaching AUTHOR: Bc. Martin Klán DEPARTMENT: Department of School & Social Education SUPERVISOR: PhDr. RNDr. Hana Voňková, PhD., PhD. ABSTRACT: Both foreign and Czech literature point out that information and communication technologies are becoming more and more integral part of education. This presented diploma thesis provides basic outline of information and communication technologies and possibilities of their use with respect to English language teaching. This thesis tries to outline effective use of ICT in English language teaching and focuses mainly on electronic communication, the Internet calling and features of blogging. The aim of the thesis is to find out pupils'attitudes towards English language teaching at Secondary Vocational School in Hořovice, their previous experience with electronic communication, their preferred and dispreferred activities during English language teaching and finally their opinion on using the Internet calling and e-mail by means of a questionnaire and data analysis. Possibility of using electronic communication and calling via the Internet in English language teaching is realized as a project.

O envelhecimento da população e a difusão das tecnologias de informação e comunicação - TIC - fazem parte da realidade de diversas regiões do mundo. Brasil e Portugal encontram-se nessa mesma tendência com percentagens cada vez mais elevadas de idosos (IBGE, 2016; INE, 2016), mas cuja apropriação e usos das TIC ainda são baixos (CGI.br, 2016; Obercom, 2016) prevenindo-os de possíveis benefícios que podem advir desse ambiente tecnológico. Nesse sentido, esta pesquisa discute a relação entre idosos e TIC no Brasil e em Portugal tendo como objetivo responder à seguinte pergunta: de que formas os usos e a apropriação das tecnologias de informação e comunicação influenciam no envelhecimento ativo de pessoas com 60 anos ou mais no Brasil e em Portugal? Para isso, levamos em consideração o conceito de envelhecimento ativo, o contexto social em que os idosos estão inseridos, teorias e modelos teóricos relacionados com o processo de envelhecimento e o uso das TIC e as percepções positivas e negativas que esses idosos possuem sobre o uso das TIC e o envolvimento em interações sociais online. Para a recolha de dados, foi utilizada a abordagem metodológica qualitativa através da observação não participante, grupos focais e entrevistas semiestruturadas. A amostragem foi composta por 36 pessoas, brasileiras e portuguesas, com idades entre 60 e 84 anos, que frequentavam aulas de informática em universidades seniores e que tinham acesso a pelo menos uma das seguintes tecnologias digitais: o computador, o celular e o tablet com ligação à internet. Os resultados do estudo apontaram as seguintes conclusões: - Os adultos mais velhos têm uma visão maioritariamente positiva sobre o uso das TIC; - Os usos e a apropriação das TIC influenciam no envelhecimento ativo porque contribuem para uma participação mais consistente e com efeitos globalmente positivos sobre os idosos, mas tal não vem livre de possíveis consequências negativas; - O contexto social e o curso de vida influenciam na forma como lidam com as TIC, podendo suprir a ausência física de pessoas próximas e aumentar a frequência da comunicação dentro e fora do ambiente familiar e entre gerações.
The aging of the population and diffusion of information and communication technologies - ICT - are part of the reality of many areas in the world. Brazil and Portugal take part in this same trend with increasing higher percentages of elderly (IBGE, 2016; INE, 2016), but whose ownership and use of ITC are still low (CGI.br, 2016; Obercom, 2016) preventing them from taking advantage of this technological environment. In this sense, this thesis discusses the relationship between elderly and ICT in Brazil and Portugal having the objective of answering the following question: in what ways the uses and the ownership of information and communication technologies influence on active aging of people with 60 years or more in Brazil and in Portugal? For this reason, we take into account the concept of active aging, the social context in which the elderly are inserted, theories and theoretical models related to the aging process and the use of ICT and the positive and negative perceptions that these elderly have about the use of ICT and the involvement in online social interactions. For data collection, we used the qualitative methodological approach through the non-participant observation, focus groups and semi-structured interviews. The sample was composed of 36 persons, Brazilian and Portuguese, with ages between 60 and 84 years old, who attended computer classes in senior universities and who had access to at least one of the following digital technologies: computer, cellphone and tablet with internet connection. The results of this study showed the following conclusions: - Older adults have a vision overwhelmingly positive about the use of ICT; - The social context and the course of life influence how they deal with ICT, building up the social interactions and increasing the frequency of communication inside and outside the family environment and between generations; - The uses and the appropriation of ICT have a noticeable influence on the process of active aging because they contribute to a more consistent participation and with generally positive effects on the elderly, but that is not totally free of negative consequences.

A presente investigação tem como objeto de estudo as aplicações móveis que funcionam como um canal de marketing e que, na actualidade, têm crescido exponencialmente. O principal objectivo deste trabalho é compreender se estas aplicações são uma ferramenta importante para a divulgação e venda de um determinado produto e/ou serviço e se auxiliam o marketing de uma empresa, ou se, pelo contrário, não trazem qualquer benefício para a mesma. Mais especificamente, esta investigação aborda os benefícios concretos proporcionados por este novo canal, como por exemplo, determinar se estas são eficazes na promoção das vendas, na notoriedade da marca e na fidelização/CRM (Customer Relationship Management) dos clientes. Ao longo do tempo, é notório que as tecnologias móveis, mais propriamente os smartphones, têm provocado mudanças em vários segmentos da sociedade e, consequentemente, na vida das pessoas: a maneira como elas comunicam, se relacionam, trabalham, se divertem e estudam tem vindo a mudar drasticamente. Estamos, neste momento, a viver numa nova era, a era das conexões, ou, mais usualmente aclamada, a era da mobilidade. As empresas passam a ver estas ferramentas como um aliado aos seus negócios e, com a necessidade de inovação, acabam por implementar novas formas de marketing. No âmbito do marketing digital, surgiu uma nova tendência denominada por marketing móvel. Nesta, as aplicações móveis assumem uma nova postura no mercado online móvel, tornando as empresas mais próximas dos consumidores. O estudo de caso foi o método utilizado para realizar esta investigação. As marcas TAP Portugal e Novo Banco foram as escolhidas para a concretização deste estudo. Demonstram ambas um espírito inovador, criativo e de iniciativa e procuram ainda a plena satisfação do cliente, através das suas aplicações móveis. Como principal resultado, esta investigação sugere que, de uma forma geral, as aplicações móveis, como ferramentas de marketing, potenciam os negócios, valorizam a marca que publicitam e fazem com que os consumidores se sintam permanentemente atualizados e mais chegados ao produto e/ou serviço e até parte da própria empresa.
This research has as a guide mobile applications that act as a marketing channel and that, at present, have grown exponentially. The main objective of this work is to understand if these applications are an important tool for the dissemination and sale of a particular product and /or service and assist the marketing of a company, or, on the contrary, not bring any benefit to it. More specifically, this research addresses the concrete benefits provided by this new channel, for example, determine whether they are effective in promoting the sales, brand awareness and loyalty / CRM (Customer Relationship Management) customers. Over time, it is clear that mobile technology, more specifically smartphones, have caused changes in various segments of society and consequently on people's lives: how they communicate, relate, work, play and study has been changing dramatically. We are at the moment living in a new era, the era of connections, or, more usually hailed the era of mobility. Companies come to see these tools as an ally to their businesses and with the need for innovation, eventually implement new forms of marketing. Under the digital marketing, a new trend called by mobile marketing. This, mobile applications assume a new position in the mobile market online, making the enterprises closer to the consumers. Case study was the method used for this investigation. Brands TAP Portugal and Novo Banco were chosen to implement this study. Demonstrate both an innovative, creative and initiative spirit and they even look for full customer satisfaction, through theirs mobile applications. As a main result, this research suggests that, in general, mobile applications such as marketing tools, enhance the business value that advertise the brand and make consumers feel constantly updated and closest to the product and / or service and even part of the company.

Prevalece atualmente a imagem estereotipada de que as pessoas mais velhas têm menores competências digitais. Com o mercado laboral global a envelhecer as potencialidades da ameaça de estereótipo – receio de confirmar um estereótipo negativo acerca do grupo social ao qual o individuo pertence – despertam interesse sobre as possíveis implicações para este grupo demográfico nos locais de trabalho. O presente estudo procurou investigar se a ameaça de estereótipo etário afeta negativamente o desempenho e a aceitação de novas tecnologias aplicadas à promoção da saúde (e-health), dos trabalhadores mais velhos. Debruçando sobre possíveis papeis mediadores da ansiedade e autoeficácia. Contando com uma amostra de 81 trabalhadores mais velhos, com idades entre os 45 e os 68 anos (M = 54.54, DP = 5.69), delineámos um estudo experimental, recorrendo à manipulação de ameaça de estereótipo para averiguar os seus possíveis efeitos. Os resultados não corroboram as hipóteses colocadas, apontado na direção oposta ao esperado. Neste sentido, efeitos de contraste são discutidos. Adotando uma visão alargada sobre o tema discute-se a importância do mesmo na atualidade.
Nowadays it prevails the serotyped idea that older people lack technological abilities. With a global working market aging, the potentials of stereotype threat – the fear of confirming a negative stereotype about one’s group - sheds light into the possible implications for this demographic group in their working environments. The present study aimed to investigate if stereotype threat negatively affected the performance and intention to adopt new technologies applied to health promotion (e-health), of older workers. We also investigated the possible mediating roles of anxiety and self-efficacy. Relying on a sample of 81 older workers participants, with ages between 45 and 68 years (M = 54.54, SD = 5.69) we planned an experimental study, manipulating stereotype threat to ascertain its possible effects. The results did not corroborate the hypotheses, aiming in the opposite direction. In this sense, contrast effects are discussed. Adopting a broad view on the topic, the importance of this issue is discussed.

Packaging is an important element responsible for brand growth and one of the main rea-sons for producers to gain competitive advantages through technological innovation. In this re-gard, the aim of this work is to design a fully autonomous electronic system for a smart bottle packaging, being integrated in a European project named ROLL-OUT. The desired application for the smart bottle is to act as a fill-level sensor system in order to determine the liquid content level that exists inside an opaque bottle, so the consumer can exactly know the remaining quantity of the product inside. An in-house amorphous indium–gallium–zinc oxide thin-film transistor (a-IGZO TFT) model, previously developed, was used for circuit designing purposes. This model was based in an artificial neural network (ANN) equivalent circuit approach. Taking into account that only n-type oxide TFTs were used, plenty of electronic building-blocks have been designed: clock generator, non-overlapping phase generator, a capacitance-to-voltage converter and a comparator. As it was demonstrated by electrical simulations, it has been achieved good functionality for each block, having a final system with a power dissipation of 2.3 mW (VDD=10 V) not considering the clock generator. Four printed circuit boards (PCBs) have been also designed in order to help in the testing phase. Mask layouts were already designed and are currently in fabrication, foreseeing a suc-cessful circuit fabrication, and a major step towards the design and integration of complex trans-ducer systems using oxide TFTs technology.