Relevant bibliographies by topics / E-Fuel

Academic literature on the topic 'E-Fuel'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 7 July 2024
Last updated: 7 July 2024

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Journal articles on the topic "E-Fuel":

1

Lee, Jongyoon, and Bok-Jik Lee. "Survey on Research and Development of E-Fuel." Journal of The Korean Society of Combustion 27, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.15231/jksc.2022.27.1.037.

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Nadiri, Solmaz, Paul Zimmermann, Laxmi Sane, Ravi Fernandes, Friedrich Dinkelacker, and Bo Shu. "Kinetic Modeling Study on the Combustion Characterization of Synthetic C3 and C4 Alcohols for Lean Premixed Prevaporized Combustion." Energies 14, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 5473. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14175473.

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To reach sustainable aviation, one approach is to use electro-fuels (e-fuels) within the gas turbine engines. E-fuels are CO2-neutral synthetic fuels which are produced employing electrical energy generated from renewable resources, where the carbon is taken out of the atmosphere or from biomass. Our approach is, to find e-fuels, which can be utilized in the lean premixed prevaporized (LPP) combustion, where most of the non-CO2 emissions are prevented. One of the suitable e-fuel classes is alcohols with a low number of carbons. In this work, the autoignition properties of propanol isomers and butanol isomers as e-fuels were investigated in a high-pressure shock tube (HPST) at temperatures from 1200 to 1500 K, the pressure of 10 bar, and lean fuel-air conditions. Additional investigations on the low-temperature oxidation and flame speed of C3 and C4 alcohols from the literature were employed to develop a comprehensive mechanism for the prediction of ignition delay time (IDT) and laminar burning velocity (LBV) of the above-mentioned fuels. A numerical model based on newly developed chemical kinetics was applied to further study the IDT and LBV of fuels in comparison to the Jet-A surrogate at the engine-related conditions along with the emissions prediction of the model at lean fuel-air conditions.
3

Zlenko, M. A., and A. S. Terenchenko. "Electric power, hydrogen or e-fuel?" Trudy NAMI, no. 1 (April 7, 2023): 56–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.51187/0135-3152-2023-1-56-81.

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Electrifi cation of motor vehicles is one of the most discussed and relevant issues of the modern society. Is it really the way to perfection and harmonization of coexistence of human civilization and nature? Should Russia follow the road that Europe is paving? Or do we as usual have our own unique way? Are there any objective prerequisites for sensitive changes for us, Russian citizens, in the energy sector, transport infrastructure and, as a result, in the life of our society? The paper contains a comparative analysis of various vehicle electrifi cation scenarios in Russia and shows that the energy and environmental effi ciency of vehicle electrifi cation considerably depends on the type of electric energy used for electrifi cation. The key goal of the energy transition, which is to limit the greenhouse gases emissions, can be achieved only by means of non-carbon electric power generation. The authors studied 20 variants of electrifi cation of an average passenger vehicle with various electric power generation quality (electric power generating systems’ carbon footprint) and diverse power units – pure electric (BEV), hybrid (HEV and PHEV), fuel cells (FC), with diff erent types of primary power sources, and concluded that, fi rst, the role of hydrogen as vehicle fuel is vastly overestimated; second, it is rather hydrogen derivatives such as e-fuels that have brighter prospects to be used in transport; and, third, besides BEV, the urban niche of which is long and quite reasonably predefi ned, PHEV-type vehicles can be the most effi cient in terms of both customer requirements for the quality of mobility and social requirements for environmental effi ciency of the vehicles on the whole.
4

d’Amore, Federico, Andrea Nava, Paolo Colbertaldo, Carlo G. Visconti, and Matteo C. Romano. "Turning CO2 from fuel combustion into e-Fuel? Consider alternative pathways." Energy Conversion and Management 289 (August 2023): 117170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2023.117170.

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Agudelo, John, Álvaro Delgado, and Pedro Benjumea. "lubricity of ethanol-gasoline fuel blends." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería Universidad de Antioquia, no. 58 (February 27, 2013): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.14157.

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In this work the lubricity of several ethanol (hydrated or anhydrous) / gasoline fuel blends was measured by using a conventional HFRR tester. Tests were carried out at 25ºC with no water vapour pressure control, according to the ASTM D6079 standard. According to the results the range of variation of the mean wear scar diameter was small among tested fuels in the range E-20 to E-85, indicating that the addition of ethanol, anhydrous or hydrated, did not impact significantly blend lubricity. The addition of hydrated ethanol (96% v/v) slightly improved blend lubricity in comparison with the addition of anhydrous ethanol. The higher mean wear scar diameters, lower fluid film traces and higher friction coefficients obtained for all tested fuels, in comparison with the typical values for diesel fuels, indicate the necessity of using lubricity additives when gasoline or ethanol / gasoline blends are used in new engine technologies requiring higher pressures in the fuel injection system.
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Dimitriadis, Athanasios, Loukia P. Chrysikou, and Stella Bezergianni. "Automotive e-Fuels via Hydrocracking of FT-Wax: e-Gasoline and e-Diesel Production." Energies 17, no. 11 (June 5, 2024): 2756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17112756.

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The main goal of this research is the production of e-fuels in gasoline- and diesel-range hydrocarbons via the hydrocracking of wax from Fischer–Tropsch (FT-wax) synthesis. The hydrogen for the hydrocracking process originated from solar energy via water electrolysis, thus, the produced fuels were called e-fuels. The FT-wax was produced via the Fischer–Tropsch synthesis of syngas stream from the chemical looping gasification (CLG) of biogenic residues. For the hydrocracking tests, a continuous-operation TRL3 (Technology Readiness Level) pilot plant was utilized. At first, hydrocracking catalyst screening was performed for the upgrading of the FT-wax. Three hydrocracking catalysts were investigated (Ni-W, Ni-W zeolite-supported, and Ni-W Al2O3-supported catalyst) via various operating conditions to identify the optimal operating window for each one. These three catalysts were selected, as they are typical catalysts that are used in the petroleum refinery industry. The optimal catalyst was found to be the NiW catalyst, as it led to high e-fuel yields (38 wt% e-gasoline and 47 wt% e-diesel) with an average hydrogen consumption. The optimum operating window was found at a 603 K reactor temperature, 8.3 MPa system pressure, 1 hr−1 LHSV, and 2500 scfb H2/oil ratio. In the next phase, the production of 5 L of hydrocracked wax was performed utilizing the optimum NiW catalyst and the optimal operating parameters. The liquid product was further fractionated to separate the fractions of e-gasoline, e-diesel, and e-heavy fuel. The e-gasoline and e-diesel fractions were qualitatively assessed, indicating that they fulfilled almost all EN 228 and EN 590 for petroleum-based gasoline and diesel, respectively. Furthermore, a 12-month storage study showed that the product can be stored for a period of 4 months in ambient conditions. In general, green transportation e-fuels with favorable properties that met most of the fossil fuels specifications were produced successfully from the hydrocracking of FT-wax.
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Labunski, Frank, Birte Schnurr, Julia Pössinger, and Thomas Götz. "Environmental Impact of e-Fuels via the Solid Oxide Electrolyzer Cell (SOEC) and Fischer–Tropsch Synthesis (FTS) Route for Use in Germany." Energies 17, no. 5 (February 23, 2024): 1078. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en17051078.

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This paper examines the current and prospective greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions of e-fuels produced via electrolysis and Fischer–Tropsch synthesis (FTS) for the years 2021, 2030, and 2050 for use in Germany. The GHG emissions are determined by a scenario approach as a combination of a literature-based top-down and bottom-up approach. Considered process steps are the provision of feedstocks, electrolysis (via solid oxide co-electrolysis; SOEC), synthesis (via Fischer–Tropsch synthesis; FTS), e-crude refining, eventual transport to, and use in Germany. The results indicate that the current GHG emissions for e-fuel production in the exemplary export countries Saudi Arabia and Chile are above those of conventional fuels. Scenarios for the production in Germany lead to current GHG emissions of 2.78–3.47 kgCO2-eq/L e-fuel in 2021 as the reference year and 0.064–0.082 kgCO2-eq/L e-fuel in 2050. With a share of 58–96%, according to the respective scenario, the electrolysis is the main determinant of the GHG emissions in the production process. The use of additional renewable energy during the production process in combination with direct air capture (DAC) are the main leverages to reduce GHG emissions.
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Altaf C., Azmath Khan, Nashra Karim, Ajay Kumar Thakur,. "Solar Based Station Digital E Fuel Monitoring System for Automobiles." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 11, no. 1 (February 18, 2023): 1667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.52783/cienceng.v11i1.318.

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This proposal introduces an innovative approach to revolutionize the monitoring and optimization of e-fuel consumption in automobiles through the implementation of a solar-powered station. With the increasing demand for electric vehicles (EVs) and the urgent need to reduce carbon emissions, e-fuels have emerged as a promising alternative to conventional fossil fuels. However, efficient monitoring and management of e-fuel usage remain a significant challenge. This paper proposes a comprehensive solar-based station that leverages renewable energy sources to monitor and analyze e-fuel consumption patterns, providing real-time data and insights to vehicle owners and fleet managers. The proposed system aims to enhance the efficiency, sustainability, and cost-effectiveness of e-fuel usage, leading to reduced carbon emissions and increased energy savings. Pure electric vehicles (EVs) are more and more popular in current automotive markets. Many services for EVs such as intelligent battery charging systems and mobile apps are developed to monitor battery energy information (energy consumption time series) for users. However, it consumes power from the grids and if there is no power charging EV vehicles will not be possible, and there is no alternatives. It is neglected such that EV energy consumption takes time in this we design the solar based EV charging station. An E-vehicle charging station, otherwise known as an EV charging station, an electric re-energize point a charging point, an electronic charging station (ECS), or an electric vehicle supply hardware (EVSE), is a piece of a framework that gives electric energy to the reenergizing of module electric vehicles, like electric vehicles, local area electric vehicles, and module mixtures. The main objective of this paper “Solar Based Charging Station for E-Vehicle” is to generate maximum power from the solar panel by tilting its angle based on the intensity of the light that falls on the solar panel .Also, the amount of power available in the charge station is continually monitored locally and from the remote area by using the concepts of Internet of things.
9

Yao, Yingfang, Jianguo Liu, Wenming Liu, Ming Zhao, Bingbing Wu, Jun Gu, and Zhigang Zou. "Vitamin E assisted polymer electrolyte fuel cells." Energy Environ. Sci. 7, no. 10 (2014): 3362–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee01774a.

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Likhanov, V. A., O. P. Lopatin, A. S. Yurlov, and N. S. Anfilatova. "Study of indicators of the working process of tractor diesel when working on ethanol and rapeseed oil." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 5 (September 1, 2021): 052054. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/5/052054.

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Abstract The use of alternative fuels derived from natural gas, coal, and renewable energy sources in tractor diesel engines (TDE) will solve the problem of replacing petroleum fuels, significantly expand the raw material base for obtaining motor fuels, and reduce the negative impact of motor vehicles on the environment. The use of alternative oxygenate fuels, such as ethanol (E), in diesel engines is particularly promising. As a result of the analysis of the conducted studies, it was found that it is possible to organize the working process in the cylinder of a TDE when it operates on E and rapeseed oil (RO), with their separate supply directly to the cylinders and ignition from the ignition fuel (pilot) with a high cetane number. As a starting fuel, it is possible to use RO, which is capable of self-ignition due to its physical and chemical properties. At the same time, it is expected to improve the performance of the working process, environmental and efficient performance of the TDE with the complete replacement of diesel fuel (DF).
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Journal articles Dissertations / Theses Books

Dissertations / Theses on the topic "E-Fuel":

1

GENCHI, Giuseppe. "Problematiche energetiche e sviluppi connessi alla combustione double fuel." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/91256.

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MELO, Tiago Rocha. "Políticas energéticas automotivas e o uso dos veículos Flex Fuel." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UNIFEI, 2013. http://repositorio.unifei.edu.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/930.

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Desde os primórdios da indústria automobilística no mundo, o uso da gasolina como principal combustível, trouxe consequências políticas e econômicas, com o crescimento da frota circulante. A gasolina como principal derivado do petróleo, gerou a necessidade de expansão de sua extração e da descoberta de novos campos petrolíferos, para atender ao crescente mercado consumidor, trazendo problemas financeiros em diversos países a partir das crises de energia, devido às flutuações ou ao aumento de preços. Para evitar maiores problemas decorrentes da dependência do petróleo oriundo de regiões com turbulências políticas e religiosas, vários países se organizaram na busca por alternativas ao uso da gasolina no transporte veicular. Neste trabalho são analisadas as políticas energéticas automotivas dos Estados Unidos, Japão e Europa, o desenvolvimento tecnológico automotivo e a questão do uso do etanol como combustível nos veículos flex fuel no Brasil. São analisadas também as implicações do uso da gasolina nos veículos flex fuel, pois com o lançamento do novo regime automotivo no Brasil, deve-se estar atento à eficiência energética.
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MONTEVERDE, VIDELA ALESSANDRO HUGO. "Non-Noble Metal Cathodic Electrocatalysts for PEM Fuel Cells and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2506285.

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The main problem of PEMFCs and DMFCs, is linked with the high price of Pt-based electrocatalysts, on one side, and durability issues, on the other side. In this work electrocatalysts for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) were developed, synthesized and tested for the fuel cell systems based on hydrogen or methanol. Moreover, tests under sub-freezing conditions at temperatures below 0°C, were conducted to assess the performance of FCs systems in harsh environmental conditions. Specifically, the electrochemical performance of three types of electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction, based respectively on a hollow core mesoporous shell carbon (HCMSC), an ultrasonic spray pyrolysis mesoporous carbon (USPMC) and a graphene reduced oxide (GRO) were compared. These catalysts were then evaluated electrochemically in a three-electrode one-compartment cell, using a 0.5 M H2SO4 solution as electrolyte, an auxiliary electrode and a reversible hydrogen electrode (RHE), as counter and reference electrodes, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), X-ray scattering (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were carried out in order to understand chemical-physical phenomenon, and electrochemical tests were conducted via linear sweet voltammetry (LSV) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). On the other hand, the effects of methanol concentration, temperature, freezing/thawing (F/T) tests and cell purging time, evaluating the performance of a single direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC), were investigated. Specific purging conditions were optimized to increase the durability of MEAs. SEM analysis of MEAs after F/T cycles showed that a significant MEA degradation occurred when the produced water is not removed. Such a degradation affected the subsequent cell performance and durability, which depend of the purging procedure, purging time, and purge flow. By opportunely modifications of the purging procedure, the performance of single DMFCs remained almost constant after 25 F/Ts.
4

Rocha, Raquel Mafra. "Fuel hedging e o impacto cambial : uma análise sobre os custos operacionais das companhias aéreas IAG e Finnair." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/20107.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
A indústria aérea tem se deparado com a crescente volatilidade que tem existido no mercado do petróleo, uma vez que afeta os seus custos, tendo o combustível um peso de cerca de 30% dos custos operacionais da indústria. Esta situação leva ao uso de várias estratégias de gestão do risco do combustível por parte das companhias aéreas, com o objetivo de redução dos custos do combustível e eliminação da volatilidade dos preços de mercado. Face a situação atual nos mercados, este trabalho visa analisar os custos operacionais de duas companhias aéreas, a IAG e a Finnair. Tem o objetivo de estudar a evolução das receitas e dos custos que as organizações incorreram com as atuais estratégias de hedging do combustível e da taxa de câmbio para assim poder comparar os resultados obtidos pelas diferentes estratégias utilizadas e identificar qual das duas foi a mais eficiente. Iniciamos o estudo através de uma análise da estatística descritiva dos custos e receitas operacionais de cada empresa, recorrendo a medidas standard da aviação. Posteriormente, recorremos a regressões lineares para estudar o impacto do preço do petróleo e como o câmbio interfere no custo unitário do combustível, utilizando variáveis de controlo nas regressões.
The Aviation industry as struggled against the increased volatility that exists in the oil market, affecting its costs, with the fuel weighing 30% in the industries operational costs. This situation leads to the adoption of several risk management strategies for fuel by aviation companies with the goal of fuel cost reduction and thus mitigating the volatility in market prices. In light of current market situation, this work aims to study the operational costs of two airlines, IAG and Finnair, the goal is to check the evolution of their costs an revenues against their hedging strategies for both fuel and currency exchange and thus comparing results achieved by both airlines and find the most efficient one. The study began with a statistical analysis of operational costs and revenue for both entities using standard aviation metrics and later integrating linear regressions to study the impact of oil (price) and currency exchange rate in the cost of fuel, control variables were also used.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Silva, Fábio Adriano do Nascimento. "Medição Experimental E Predição Da Volatilidade De Flex Fuels." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2005. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/6730.

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Compostos oxigenados são usados como aditivos para elevar a octanagem da gasolina automotiva. Esses compostos substituem outros que são ambientalmente mais nocivos, como é o caso do chumbo tetraetila. No Brasil, o oxigenado empregado é o etanol anidro, usado em teores que variam de 20% e 25%. Nos últimos anos foi iniciada a comercialização de veículos equipados com motores projetados para funcionar com misturas de gasolina C e álcool hidratado em qualquer proporção, o flex fuel. Com o objetivo de contribuir para melhor compreender as propriedades do flex fuel, neste trabalho foram medidos dados de pressão de vapor reid na temperatura de 37,8°C, curvas de destilação e massa específica das misturas de gasolina A e etanol anidro, gasolina C (20% e 25%) e etanol hidratado em vários teores (0 a 100%). O método utilizado para a medição da pressão de vapor da gasolina baseia-se nos métodos ASTM D 5191 e ASTM D 6378. Os resultados mostram que a presença do etanol e da água presente no álcool hidratado afetam fortemente a volatilidade do flex fuel em relação à gasolina A. Com uma abordagem do equilíbrio líquido-vapor, considerando o flex fuel como uma mistura pseudoternária gasolina A/etanol/água, os dados foram correlacionados pelo modelo NRTL. O desvio médio obtido foi inferior 0,30 ao desvio padrão de 1,5 kPa esperado nas medidas
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Vazzolér, Luiz Fernando Rigacci 1989. "Trajetórias tecnológicas e política setorial : desafios para o desenvolvimento do veículo flex fuel no Brasil." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286599.

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Orientador: Maria Beatriz Machado Bonacelli
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências
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Resumo: Os veículos flex fuel representam cerca de 90% da atual produção de veículos de passeio no Brasil. Historicamente a utilização de etanol como combustível automotivo remete ao início do século XX, em grande escala à década de 1970 com a conformação do Proálcool e, após um período de descrença, o etanol ressurgiu nos anos 2000 com a difusão da tecnologia flex. Este trabalho tem por objetivo central analisar a constituição da tecnologia flex fuel no país e para isso se apoia nos conceitos de paradigmas e trajetórias tecnológicas, os quais permitem compreender o processo evolutivo dos automóveis, seus sistemas de alimentação de combustível e das diversas alternativas à gasolina e ao motor de combustão interna. Ao lado disso, explora-se a história brasileira na utilização de etanol, sobretudo no período recente a partir de entrevistas e, também, em análises de dados sobre as atividades de Pesquisa, Desenvolvimento e Inovação relacionadas à tecnologia flex brasileira e seus desdobramentos, que estão representados em veículos de maior eficiência energética e com menores índices de emissão de poluentes. Por fim, realiza-se uma análise crítica do marco regulatório atual, o qual dá suporte às atividades do setor automobilístico brasileiro, e indica-se possíveis ações de indução à melhoria da tecnologia flex fuel e do uso do etanol como combustível no país. Uma das hipóteses que baseiam o trabalho de pesquisa aponta que a instabilidade relativa do mercado de etanol e a falta de competição entre as montadoras (no que toca o desenvolvimento de motores) limita a demanda tecnológica e provoca desestímulo à busca por maior eficiência ou mesmo por mudanças mais substanciais da tecnologia flex fuel desenvolvida no país. Conclui-se, dentre outros, que a atual legislação brasileira e o marco regulatório não se apresentam como indutores para alterações substantivas à iniciativa do veículo flex fuel, estimulando apenas melhorias incrementais sem tocar mais fortemente na concorrência da indústria, não explorando as oportunidades abertas pela tecnologia flex fuel
Abstract: Flex fuel vehicles represents nearly 90% of the current production of passenger cars in Brazil. Historically the use of ethanol as an automotive fuel refers to the early twentieth century, in large-scale at the 1970s with the beginning of Proálcool (Brazilian Ethanol Program), and after a disrepute period, ethanol reemerged in the 2000s with the flex fuel technology. This work¿s main objective is to analyze the constitution of flex fuel technology in Brazil, for that is based on the concepts of paradigms and technological trajectories, which allows one to understand the evolutionary movement of developing vehicles, their fuel supply systems and the pursuit of gasoline alternatives and of the internal combustion engine. Alongside this, it explores the brazilian history in ethanol use, especially in the recent period, with interviews and also based on data analysis of Research, Development and Innovation activities related to the flex fuel technology in Brazil, which makes possible the development of more energy efficient vehicles and lower pollutants emissions. Finally, it holds a critical analysis of the current brazilian legal framework, which supports the activities of the brazilian automotive industry, and specifies different ways to induce broader improvements to the use of ethanol as a fuel and the flex fuel technology in the country. One of the hypotheses that based this research points out that the relative uncertainty of the ethanol market and the lack of competition among automakers (concerning to the development of engines) constrains the technological demand and discourages the pursuit of greater efficiency or even more substantial changes on the brazilian flex fuel technology. In conclusion, among others, the current brazilian legal framework is not presented as an inducer for substantive changes on the flex fuel vehicle, encouraging only incremental improvements without leading to stronger competition in the industry, not taking advantage from the opportunities offered by flex fuel technology
Mestrado
Politica Cientifica e Tecnologica
Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica
7

Filho, Dinecio dos Santos. "Alterações metalúrgicas e topográficas do cilindro de bloco de motor de combustão interna flex-fuel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3133/tde-09022015-163026/.

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O presente estudo descreve as alterações metalúrgicas e topográficas do cilindro de blocos de motor de combustão interna fabricados em ferro fundido cinzento, após a realização de testes de durabilidade em dinamômetro. O motor testado tem tecnologia Flex-Fuel, e pode ser operado com qualquer proporção de mistura gasolina comum/etanol. Um motor foi testado com combustível etanol e o outro com gasolina comum, buscando-se assim representar duas condições extremas de trabalho em termos de combustível. A pesquisa constituiu-se da revisão bibliográfica e da parte prática que envolveu: a realização de testes de durabilidade de motor em dinamômetro; a caracterização metalúrgica e topográfica do cilindro após teste com ambos os combustíveis, utilizando técnicas de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, metalografia por microscopia óptica, perfilometria e quantificação de parâmetros de rugosidade, entre outros; a análise crítica, discussão dos resultados e apresentação da conclusão.
The present study approaches the metallurgical and topographical alterations on the cylinder of an internal combustion engine block made of gray cast iron, after durability dynamometer tests. The tested engine has flexible fuel technology (Flex-Fuel), and is capable to work with both gasoline/ethanol fuels, in any mixture proportion. One engine has been tested with ethanol and another one tested with gasoline, and so representing two extreme conditions on which the engine may work in terms of fuel. The research has been developed basically through the conceptual approach by the bibliographic review and the experimental steps that involved: general engine durability test at dynamometer bench; metallurgical and topographic characterization analysis at laboratory, after the test with both fuels, applying Scanning Electronic Microscopy SEM, optical microscopy metallography, profilometer and roughness parameters quantification, and so forth; critical analysis on the results, discussion and final conclusion.
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Durango, Deisson Alexander Zuleta. "Influência da temperatura, velocidade e força no desgaste e no coeficiente de atrito de materiais para válvulas e sedes de válvulas de motores flex-fuel." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3151/tde-18012017-141613/.

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Na maioria dos equipamentos mecânicos há movimento relativo entre componentes, e como resultado desse deslizamento relativo, as forças de atrito na superfície geram deformação plástica e/ou remoção de massa (ou volume) do material. Nos motores de combustão interna a geração da potência é realizada pela transformação da energia química em calor por meio da combustão do combustível com o ar, gerando o movimento alternativo de mecanismos (pistões, biela, virabrequim). Já no caso dos motores flex-fuel, o etanol como combustível aumenta a potência, levando a maiores carregamentos termomecânicos e, consequentemente, tribológicos nos seus componentes. Um dos sistemas do motor mais afetado pela mudança no combustível é o par válvula-sede, motivo pelo qual é necessário investigar os mecanismos de desgaste, os efeitos dos parâmetros de operação no comportamento frente ao atrito, e escolher apropriadamente pares deslizantes de materiais que apresentem baixas perdas de massa (taxas de desgaste) e coeficientes de atrito. Ensaios do tipo reciprocating tinham sido empregados para realizar estudos tribológicos de materiais de válvulas e com tratamentos superficiais. As condições de ensaio mais representativas são de operação do motor. Portanto, a seleção de parâmetros como carga, velocidade e temperatura não é fácil: para alguns equipamentos de teste, as variáveis não são independentes. Além disso, devido à complexidade do sistema tribológico, a interação entre as variáveis afeta os resultados. O objetivo deste trabalho de pesquisa foi dividido em duas frentes. A primeira, analisar isoladamente o efeito da temperatura, força normal e velocidade no coeficiente de atrito e no desgaste. O tribômetro SRV-4 do tipo reciprocating foi usado com uma esfera de aço AISI 52100 e distintos materiais de disco (aços e ligas intermetálicas sinterizadas de Nb). A segunda parte consistiu na caracterização dos mecanismos de desgaste de válvulas e sedes de motores distintos, após diferentes tipos de ensaios (dinamômetro e campo em veiculo). O coeficiente de atrito (?) e a perda de massa foram medidos para determinar o desempenho tribológico dos sistemas estudados. Além disso, as superfícies das marcas de desgaste tanto no disco quanto na esfera, assim como das válvulas e sedes foram analisadas por microscopia óptica (MO), microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV) com espectroscopia de energia dispersiva de raios-X (EDS) e espectroscopia Raman. Para as distintas ligas intermetálicas de Nb ensaiadas com esfera de aço AISI 52100, encontrou-se que os mecanismos de desgaste nas superfícies após uma análise de MEV-EDS foram particularmente abrasão, adesão e oxidação. Já no caso dos motores que foram avaliados, muitos dos danos observados estavam presentes em ambas as válvulas e sedes de admissão e escape; no entanto, a oxidação ocorreu apenas nas válvulas de escape, provavelmente produzido pela alta temperatura durante a operação do motor.
In most of the mechanical assemblies there is relative motion between components, and as a result of this relative sliding action, frictional forces on the sliding surface result in removal or displacement of mass (or volume) of the material. The power generation of internal combustion engines comes from chemical energy transformation into heat through air fuel combustion with further expansion of gases generating the reciprocating movement of power cell (pistons, rod and crankshaft). For flex fuel engines, the ethanol increases power, leading to higher thermo-mechanical forces and consequently higher friction between its components. The valve/valve seat pair is one of the most affected system due to this change, leading to the need of more accurate analysis of its wear mechanisms, its operating parameters effects and his behavior regarding the friction so making possible to choose properly materials with lower mass loss (wear rate) and coefficient of friction. Reciprocating tests had been used to tribological studies of valve materials with surface treatment purpose. The most important test boundary conditions are the engine operating conditions. Therefore, the load, speed and temperature parameters definition is not easy since for some test equipment those variables are not independent. Besides due to tribological system complexity the variable interaction affects its results. The present research goal was divided in two groups. The first one analyzes the normal force, frequency and temperature effect on friction coefficient and wear, independently of each other. It was used a SRV-4 reciprocating tribometer with a sphere (AISI 52100 steel) against several disc materials (steel and sintered intermetallic alloys of Nb). The second one consisted in the characterization of wear mechanisms of valve/valve seat from different engines that were submitted to different test (engine dynamometer test bench and vehicle). The coefficient of friction (?) and mass loss were measured in order to define the studied systems tribological performance. Besides the both disc and sphere wear scars such as valve/valve seat were analyzed using optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray (EDS) and Raman spectroscopy. For the tested intermetallic alloys of Nb with AISI 52100 sphere it was found the following wear mechanisms after SEM-EDS analyses: abrasion, adhesion and oxidation. In the case of the evaluated engines, several damages were observed in both intake and exhaust valves/valve seats; however, the oxidation occurred only on exhaust valves, probably due to high operating temperature.
9

BONA, DENIS. "Study on the key factors allowing the PEM fuel cell systems large commercialization: fuel cell degradation and components integration." Doctoral thesis, Politecnico di Torino, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11583/2537914.

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PEM Fuel Cells are expected to gradually substitute internal combustion engines as electrical and co-generation power sources thanks to high efficiency, low operating temperature, fast startup time and favourable power-to-weight ratio. However, while PEMFCs have achieved significant progresses in the last decade, their short lifetime and high cost still continue to impede large-scale commercialization. The first subject of the present work had been the study of the PEM fuel cells degradation mechanisms with the aim of: a) find out the most relevant phenomena concerning the fuel cell lifetime, b) testing some methods able to promptly detect the degradation mechanisms and, mostly, c) find out the mitigation strategies able to increase the fuel cells lifetime. At the end of the research three mitigation strategies had been developed and tested: cell voltage monitoring, the current modulation and the stack shunt. According to the tests results all these mitigation strategies, if adopted all together, can effectively led to doubling the fuel cells lifetime. In parallel to the fuel cell lifetime increase, a deep investigation on system components integration had been conducted. Following this principle, the system cost has been considerably reduced mostly thanks to the DC-DC converter integration with the stack and the coolant circuit simplification. The prototypes realized during this work has been taken as example for the production of new fuel cell power systems with increased lifetime at lower cost
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Eccarius, Steffen [Verfasser], and E. [Akademischer Betreuer] Ivers-Tiffée. "Approaches to Passive Operation of a Direct Methanol Fuel Cell / Steffen Eccarius ; Betreuer: E. Ivers-Tiffée." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2007. http://d-nb.info/1186011130/34.

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Books on the topic "E-Fuel":

1

Alleman, T. L. Blender pump fuel survey: CRC project E-95. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2011.

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Bennie, Stewart H. P. E. I. wood fuel survey 1988-1989. Charlottetown: Dept. of Energy andForestry, 1990.

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Associates, Smith Green and. P. E. I. wood fuel survey 1990-91. Charlottetown: Smith Green & Associates, 1991.

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Illinois. Department of Commerce and Community Affairs. State of Illinois E-85 fueling facilities: A list of facilities carrying E-85 fuel. Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois Dept. of Commerce and Community Affairs, 1996.

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New York State Energy Research and Development Authority., New York State Electric and Gas Corporation., and CQ Inc, eds. E-Fuel: Beneficial use of paper mill sludge : final report. Albany, N.Y: The Authority, 1998.

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Carli, Gileno Dé. História do Instituto do Açúcar e do Alcool. Recife: [s.n.], 1996.

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Shin Enerugī Sangyō Gijutsu Sōgō Kaihatsu Kikō (Japan). Kotai kōbunshikei nenryō denchi sangaku renkei purojekuto (ver. 5): Konsōshiamu ni yoru mekanizumu no tettei kaimei to kosuto daun e no chōsen = FCH : development of fuel cell and hydrogen technologies : fuel cell & hydrogen, 2009-2010. Kawasaki-shi: Shin Enerugī Sangyō Gijutsu Sōgō Kaihatsu Kikō, 2009.

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Vassiloyanakopoulos, Vassilios P. Design and method for the evaluation of the coking resistance of swirl plates of the E-2C aircraft fuel nozzles. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1996.

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Air, Illinois Bureau of. E-85: A better way to drive. Springfield, Ill: Illinois Environmental Protection Agency, Bureau of Air, 2004.

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Gusmão, Roberto. Avaliação do proálcool e suas perspectivas. [São Paulo, SP, Brasil]: Sopral, 1986.

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Book chapters on the topic "E-Fuel":

1

Bianco, Ettore, Luca Di Napoli, Elia Grano, and Massimiliana Carello. "E-scooter Modelling: Battery and Fuel Cell System Integration." In Mechanisms and Machine Science, 909–16. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-10776-4_104.

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Becker, B., T. Bender, and P. Rolke. "Wirkketten von Kraftstoffvarianten – von der Komponente bis zum e-Fuel." In Proceedings, 3–16. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-23181-1_1.

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Peter, Andreas, Harald Scherer, Eberhard Jacob, and Ingo Krossing. "Synthesis of Oxymethylene Ether (OME) – a 2nd generation E-fuel." In Proceedings, 405–14. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-30500-0_28.

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Kölch, Jürgen. "Life cycle assessment of battery versus fuel cell in e-vehicle." In Der Antrieb von morgen 2021, 13–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-63403-5_2.

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Windhoevel, Christian, Chendhil Periasamy, George Todd, Justin Wang, Bertrand Leroux, and Youssef Joumani. "Long Term Results of Oxy Fuel Forehearth Heating Technology for E-Glass Fibers." In 74th Conference on Glass Problems, 1–14. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118932964.ch1.

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Rösel, Gerd, G. Avolio, J. Grimm, O. Maiwald, O. Kastner, and R. Brück. "Diesel – e-fuel blends for simultaneous reduction of real driving NOx and CO2 emissions." In Proceedings, 501–22. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-21015-1_37.

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Zincir, Bugra Arda, Burak Zincir, Hasan Bora Usluer, and Yasin Arslanoglu. "Using an E-fuel Method to Meet the 2030 Decarbonization Target: A Case Study." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 483–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-30171-1_51.

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Kramer, Ulrich, Stephan Stollenwerk, and Ralf Thee. "E-Fuels/Kraftstoffe." In Erdgas, erneuerbares Methan und E-Kraftstoffe für den Fahrzeugantrieb, 47–164. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-28857-0_3.

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Härtl, Martin. "E-Fuels als Energiespeicher." In Emissionsfreie Mobilität und Energiewende, 25–36. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67425-3_2.

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Härtl, Martin. "Eigenschaften von E-Fuels." In Emissionsfreie Mobilität und Energiewende, 37–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-67425-3_3.

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Conference papers on the topic "E-Fuel":

1

Pantar, Arun V., and Keith C. Corkwell. "E Diesel: A Viable Alternative Fuel." In SIAT 2004. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2004-28-0074.

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Galante-Fox, J., P. Von Bacho, C. Notaro, and J. Zizelman. "E-85 Fuel Corrosivity: Effects on Port Fuel Injector Durability Performance." In Powertrain & Fluid Systems Conference and Exhibition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2007-01-4072.

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Langer, Lissy, Ioannis Kountouris, Rasmus Bramstoft, Marie Münster, and Dogan Keles. "Renewable fuel regulation: Implications for e-fuel production infrastructure in energy hubs." In 2023 19th International Conference on the European Energy Market (EEM). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eem58374.2023.10161826.

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Martsinchyk, Aliaksandr, Monika Łazor, Katsiaryna Martsinchyk, Pavel Shuhayeu, and Arkadiusz Baran. "Hyflow – a Novel System for E-Fuel Synthesis." In International Young Scientists Conference on Materials Science and Surface Engineering. Karpenko Physico-Mechanical Institute of the NAS of Ukraine, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/msse2023.129.

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HYFLOW is a system promoting the expansion of low-carbon energy sources, perfectly in line with the objectives of the latest EU climate improvement regulations. The concept of the project is Power-to-Fuel (PTF) conversion, which will thus enable the production of low- or even zero-emission synthetic fuels so-called e-fuels with high energy density, a wide range of applications and closed-loop CO2 emissions. The technology is based on a revolutionary approach involving the integration of a high-temperature co-electrolysis system together with a Fischer-Tropsch (F-T) reactor for the synthesis of liquid fuels, with a view to utilizing the energy and CO2 from the combustion of e-fuels in a closed loop. The HYFLOW project is being developed by researchers from the Warsaw University of Technology, consisting of: Arkadiusz Baran, Katsiaryna Martsinchyk, Monika Lazor, Pavel Shuhayeu headed by team leader Aliaksandr Martsinchyk at the Faculty of Power and Aerospace Engineering.
5

Pertl, Patrick, Martin Aggarwal, Alexander Trattner, Walter Hinterberger, and Nigel Foxhall. "Development of Hydrogen Powered Fuel Cell e-Snowmobiles." In Small Engine Technology Conference & Exposition. 10-2 Gobancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo, Japan: Society of Automotive Engineers of Japan, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2019-32-0555.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">In the highly innovative and holistic flagship project HySnow (Decarbonisation of Winter Tourism by Hydrogen Powered Fuel Cell Snowmobiles), funded by the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund, the decarbonization of winter tourism is being demonstrated. Within this project, two prototype e-snowmobiles have been developed including the adaption of a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane Fuel Cell (PEM-FC) system for the low temperature and high-performance targets and the integration of the drivetrain into the vehicle.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">In this paper the drivetrain development process of the prototype e-snowmobiles will be presented with the aim to derive specifications for the drivetrain components as PEM-FC system, hydrogen storage system, electric drive, battery and power electronics. Based on typical use cases for snowmobiles overall vehicle specifications and requirements are defined. Associated driving cycles are investigated and used as input for the development process. Subsequently, analyses regarding possible drivetrain topologies based on technical and economical vehicle requirements are carried out. In parallel, vehicle implementation concepts based on standardized development processes are performed. The development and the design process are verified by verification and optimization loops.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph">The results define technical specifications of the PEM-FC, the battery along with the required hydrogen tank; to give an optimum concerning required drivetrain efficiency, and hence driving range as well as vehicle space and weight. It is expected that the hydrogen powered e-snowmobiles with high power, drivability, driving fun, and the lack of noise emission, pollutants, and GHG will convince the users of the concept benefits.</div></div>
6

von Gaertringen, Christoph Hiller, René Schwerin, Stefan Schweiger, Armin Kölmel, Holger Lochmann, Stephan Schmidt, Christian Zinner, Roland Kirchberger, and Dominik Gschanes. "E-Fuel applications in Non Road Mobile Machinery." In The 26th Small Powertrains and Energy Systems Technology Conference. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2022-32-0074.

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7

Romoser, Carey E., James Harper, Matthew B. Wilson, Derrick W. Simons, Joseph V. Citeno, and Mihir Lal. "E-Class Late Fuel Staging Technology Delivers Flexibility Leap." In ASME Turbo Expo 2016: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2016-57964.

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The latest in GE heavy duty gas turbine combustion technology is now available on Frame 7E/EA and 9E machines. Late Fuel Staging (LFS) delivers innovative flexibility, providing value to customers in turndown, efficiency, emissions, and operability. Until now, these machines were characterized by a compliant load range from ∼60% to 100%. Late Fuel Staging delivers additional turndown to ∼35% through physics-based understanding, advanced modeling, and state-of-the-art testing.
8

Hatti, Mustapha. "Neural Network Controller for P E M Fuel Cells." In 2007 IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isie.2007.4375068.

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9

Boretti, Albert, and Sarim Al-Zubaidy. "E-KERS Energy Management Crucial to Improved Fuel Economy." In SAE 2016 Brake Colloquium & Exhibition - 34th Annual. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2016-01-1947.

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Bolla, Dileep Reddy, Jijesh J. J, Satya Srikanth Palle, Mahaveer Penna, Keshavamurthy, and Shivashankar. "An IoT Based Smart E-Fuel Stations Using ESP-32." In 2020 International Conference on Recent Trends on Electronics, Information, Communication & Technology (RTEICT). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rteict49044.2020.9315676.

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Reports on the topic "E-Fuel":

1

Alleman, T. L. Blender Pump Fuel Survey: CRC Project E-95. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1020607.

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Williams, A., and T. L. Alleman. Blender Pump Fuel Survey: CRC Project E-95-2. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1132181.

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Ocampo Giraldo, Luis A., James T. Johnson, Scott J. Thompson, Jay D. Hix, Scott M. Watson, and David L. Chichester. TREAT Fuel Motion Summary Report. SETH A-E Experiments. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1561229.

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Alleman, Teresa L. Survey of Flex Fuel in 2014. CRC Project E-85-3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1215093.

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Susan L. Hoang. A CO-UTILIZATION OF COAL WITH E-FUEL FROM ENERTECH'S SLURRYCARBtm PROCESS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/778389.

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Steinbuks, Jevgenijs, and Badri Narayanan. Fossil Fuel Producing Economies Have Greater Potential for Interfuel Substitution. GTAP Working Paper, April 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp73.

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This study extends the literature on interfuel substitution by investigating the role of transactions costs and technological adjustment, focusing specifically on differences across countries with different potential for fossil fuel production. We find that fossil fuel producing economies have higher elasticities of interfuel substitution. Our simulations show that, compared to the baseline case of uniform elasticities, energy and climate policies result in a greater substitution among different sources of energy for countries with larger potential to produce fossil fuels. These results are important because they imply lower economic cost for policies aimed at climate abatement and more efficient utilization of energy resources in energy-intensive economies. Keywords: climate policies, dynamic linear logit, energy subsidies, fossil fuel production, GTAP-E model, interfuel substitution JEL: E22, H25, Q41
7

Weyandt, N., and M. L. Janssens. Flame Arrester Evaluation for E-Diesel Fuel Tanks: September 3, 2002 - May 28, 2003. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15003973.

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8

Jacobson, A. R., J. B. Miller, and K. R. Gurney. Appendix E: Fossil Fuel Emissions Estimates for North America. Second State of the Carbon Cycle Report. Edited by N. Cavallaro, G. Shrestha, R. Birdsey, M. A. Mayes, R. Najjar, S. Reed, P. Romero-Lankao, and Z. Zhu. U.S. Global Change Research Program, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7930/soccr2.2018.appe.

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9

Muelaner, Jody E. Decarbonized Fuel Options for Civil Aviation. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, June 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2023012.

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<div class="section abstract"><div class="htmlview paragraph">Drop-in replacement biofuels and electrofuels can provide net-zero CO2 emissions with dramatic reductions in contrail formation. Biofuels must transition to second-generation cellulosic feedstocks while improving land and soil management. Electrofuels, or "e-fuels,” require aggressive cost reduction in hydrogen production, carbon capture, and fuel synthesis. Hydrogen has great potential for energy efficiency, cost reduction, and emissions reduction; however, its low density (even in liquid form) combined with it’s extremely low boiling temperature mean that bulky spherical tanks will consume considerable fuselage volume. Still, emerging direct-kerosene fuel cells may ultimately provide a superior zero-emission, energy-dense solution. </div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><b>Decarbonized Power Options for Civil Aviation </b>discusses the current challenges with these power options and explores the economic incentives and levers vital to decarbonization. Until common and enforceable global carbon pricing arrives, targeted national measures (e.g., mandates, price support, and finance) will be required.</div><div class="htmlview paragraph"><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank">Click here to access the full SAE EDGE</a><sup>TM</sup><a href="https://www.sae.org/publications/edge-research-reports" target="_blank"> Research Report portfolio.</a></div></div>
10

Chiang, Alexandra Pamela, and Jürg M. Grütter. Accelerating Low-Carbon Pathways through E-Mobility: Perspectives from Developing Economies. Asian Development Bank, March 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps230066-2.

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This paper analyzes the uptake of electric vehicles in Asia and the Pacific and shows how the electrification of transport systems can speed up the transition to a low-carbon future. The paper shows how electric car, bus and motorcycle sales are growing, and highlights the benefits and barriers to greater adoption. It outlines how setting ambitious e-mobility strategies can boost demand for renewable energy and spark new supply chains while helping governments cut fossil fuel dependency and reach crucial climate targets.

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