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1
Clews, Gayelene, and n/a. "The Influence of an education program directed at dysfunctional eating on female distance runners." University of Canberra. School of Human and Biomedical Sciences, 1999. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050331.141947.
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This study examined the effectiveness of a multi-dimensional education program in facilitating
attitude changes in adolescent female athletes away from dysfunctional eating behaviours and
restrictive body image. Although research is available for diagnosing and identifying the
problems associated with dysfunctional eating behaviours and attitudes in female athletes, few
preventative tools have been proposed in order to address the problem. This study involved the
design, delivery and the evaluation of a proposed a multi-dimensional education model as a
preventative tool. The research design involved 18 teenage female middle/long distance runners,
aged between 13 and 19, who were registered with the ACT Cross Country Club. The study was
a quantitative and qualitative investigation employing a pre and post test design and using the
process of triangulation to increase the study's validity. It was proposed that a multi-dimensional
education program might be effective in steering attitudes away from dysfunctional eating
behaviours and body image and that a mixed method design may corroborate and elaborate on
the findings of the study to strengthen the understanding of the potential benefits of such an
education program has to its participants. Results showed that education proved to be a
successful tool in facilitating attitudinal changes in a positive direction, across a number of
variables such as menstrual functioning, nutrition, flexibility, strength, and general awareness, on
what constitutes a balanced healthy athletic body.
2
Talwar, Ruchika. "Correlates and Predictors of Dysfunctional Eating Attitudes and Behaviours in a Non-clinical New Zealand Female Sample." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Psychology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2652.
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Eating disorders are among the most common psychological problems faced by women. Perfectionism, impulsivity and poor self-esteem have been identified as significant risk factors for the development and maintenance of eating disorders. Further, elevated body mass
has been found to amplify the effect of these risk factors on the development of eating pathology. However, although the symptoms associated with eating disorders have been theorised to lie on a continuum with frank eating disorders at one end and normative eating concerns at the other, there is limited research and findings are mixed about the correlates and predictors of dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviours in non-clinical populations. The present research contributes to a clearer understanding of risk factors associated with
dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviours in non-clinical populations. Correlational analyses in the present study indicated that dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviours are associated with increased perfectionism, lowered self-esteem and elevated body mass. Regression analyses identified body dissatisfaction as a significant predictor of bulimic symptomatology. Further research is needed to extend these results. The current study found
that dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviours occur in non-clinical populations and are associated with similar risk factors to those associated with eating pathology in clinical populations. Further, it advocates the need for early detection and intervention of eating
disturbances in at risk non-clinical samples, particularly in relation to body image dissatisfaction. Finally, it highlights the need for further research focussing on non-clinical
samples in order to more clearly understand the correlates and predictors of dysfunctional
eating attitudes and behaviours in these populations.
3
Smith, Emma. "Exploring the risk factors for eating disturbances in young people with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus : Dysfunctional perfectionism, parental eating disturbances and parental criticism." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.522249.
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Loxton, Natalie, and n/a. "The Contribution of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Family Risk to Dysfuntional Eating and Hazardous Drinking." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2005. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20060112.111417.
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This thesis details a continuing body of research investigating the contribution of personality to disordered eating and alcohol abuse in young women. There is growing evidence of high levels of reward sensitivity in women with both disorders, and high levels of punishment sensitivity in dysfunctional eating women. However, it is unlikely that personality alone accounts for the development of such dysfunctional behaviour. Two studies were conducted to further examine the contribution of reward and punishment sensitivity to these disorders. In the first study, 443 university women completed self-report measures of alcohol use, dysfunctional eating, reinforcement sensitivity, parental drinking, family environment and maternal eating. Reward and punishment sensitivity were better predictors of disordered behaviour than family factors, although maternal dysfunctional eating significantly increased the risk of daughters' dysfunctional eating. Punishment sensitive daughters of bulimic mothers reported the highest level of bulimic symptoms themselves. Punishment sensitivity also functioned as a partial pathway variable between family risk and disordered eating. Given the stronger contribution of personality to disordered behaviour, a second study was conducted in which 131 women completed behavioural tasks under conditions of reward and punishment. Performance on a computerised measure of punishment sensitivity was associated with greater levels of dysfunctional eating but not drinking. However, performance on a card-sorting task of reward sensitivity failed to correlate with self-reported reward sensitivity or disordered behaviour. It was concluded that an innate sensitivity to reward increases the risk of disorders characterised by strong approach tendencies, whilst high punishment sensitivity, perhaps due to a chaotic family, increases the risk of dysfunctional eating, particularly daughters of eating disordered mothers.
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Loxton, Natalie. "The Contribution of Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory and Family Risk to Dysfuntional Eating and Hazardous Drinking." Thesis, Griffith University, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365289.
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This thesis details a continuing body of research investigating the contribution of personality to disordered eating and alcohol abuse in young women. There is growing evidence of high levels of reward sensitivity in women with both disorders, and high levels of punishment sensitivity in dysfunctional eating women. However, it is unlikely that personality alone accounts for the development of such dysfunctional behaviour. Two studies were conducted to further examine the contribution of reward and punishment sensitivity to these disorders. In the first study, 443 university women completed self-report measures of alcohol use, dysfunctional eating, reinforcement sensitivity, parental drinking, family environment and maternal eating. Reward and punishment sensitivity were better predictors of disordered behaviour than family factors, although maternal dysfunctional eating significantly increased the risk of daughters' dysfunctional eating. Punishment sensitive daughters of bulimic mothers reported the highest level of bulimic symptoms themselves. Punishment sensitivity also functioned as a partial pathway variable between family risk and disordered eating. Given the stronger contribution of personality to disordered behaviour, a second study was conducted in which 131 women completed behavioural tasks under conditions of reward and punishment. Performance on a computerised measure of punishment sensitivity was associated with greater levels of dysfunctional eating but not drinking. However, performance on a card-sorting task of reward sensitivity failed to correlate with self-reported reward sensitivity or disordered behaviour. It was concluded that an innate sensitivity to reward increases the risk of disorders characterised by strong approach tendencies, whilst high punishment sensitivity, perhaps due to a chaotic family, increases the risk of dysfunctional eating, particularly daughters of eating disordered mothers.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>School of Applied Psychology<br>Full Text
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Newbolt, Joanne. "Dieters' experience of craving thoughts : the role of appraisal and thought control in dysfunctional eating behaviour and emotional distress." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/31301.
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Food cravings are a commonplace experience in the general population and ordinarily, are not associated with emotional distress or a lack of behavioural control (e.g. bingeing). However in some groups with disordered eating, food cravings can be associated with significant distress and are implicated as a contributory factor in binge eating. Recent advances in cognitive theory have highlighted the role of appraisal and thought control strategies in emotional distress and various strategies for controlling unwanted thoughts have been described. In particular the thought control strategies of worry and punishment have been associated with higher levels of distress. It is therefore proposed that the way in which craving thoughts are appraised and dealt with is theoretically and clinically a more meaningful focus of analysis than the craving thoughts themselves. The current study is a cross sectional correlation design exploring the association between thought control strategies, ratings of dimensions of cravings, eating behaviour and emotional distress in dieters. 127 dieters currently attending Weight Watchers to achieve weight loss were recruited to complete a battery of questionnaires. In addition beliefs about craving and coping strategies were explored in more detail in a subsample of ten dieters. The current study found that both the appraisal of the negative experience of food craving and the thought control strategies of worry and punishment were associated with dysfunctional eating behaviour and emotional distress. The theoretical and clinical implications of the role of appraisal and thought control in the behavioural and emotional response to food cravings, are discussed. Areas for further research are highlighted.
7
Edgren, Lee. "A comparison of the impact of hatha yoga and wellness education on the problematic behaviors of excessive alcohol consumption, cigarette smoking, and dysfunctional eating." Virtual Press, 1998. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1074542.
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The purpose of this study was to compare the impact of twelve weeks of instruction in two university-level educational approaches to self management (hatha yoga (EXSCI 119) and the current fitness/wellness core course (PEFWL 101) ) on the problematic behaviors of excessive smoking, dysfunctional eating and excessive alcohol consumption. Some theories of addiction, notably those of Peele and Clemmens, suggest that increased awareness, such as that promoted by hatha yoga, may be valuable to the alteration of the addictive process. The quantitative analysis utilized the stages and processes of change questionnaires developed by many researchers associated with the University of Rhode Island team led by James 0. Prochaska. Analysis of the data did not show any statistical difference between the two approaches. A secondary qualitative analysis suggests that hatha yoga students thought differently about themselves and their experience following their yoga class.<br>Fisher Institute for Wellness
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Himes, Susan. "Examining an Acute Environmental Trigger for Dysfunctional Eating: Measuring the Immediate Impact of Fat Disparagement Media Exposure and its Effects on Body Dissatisfaction, Negative Affect, Weight Control Practice Intentions, and Sub-Clinical Binge Eating Behavior in College Women." Scholar Commons, 2009. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/2014.
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Binge eating is a maladaptive eating practice associated with unhealthy weight control methods (vomiting, laxative abuse) and the development of weight gain and obesity. Isolating psychological and environmental variables that trigger binge eating can prevent or potentially moderate eating disturbance. Previous research implicates media exposure as an environmental contributor to psychological and eating disturbance. The current study sought to uncover whether fat stigmatization media exposure is an acute environmental trigger for psychological disturbance and binge initiation by dismantling fat media messages and experimentally manipulating messages. Undergraduate women (N=197) were assigned to one of four media message conditions: a fat negative interaction, fat comedy, control stigmatization, or control comedy condition. Psychological functioning and weight control variables were assessed at baseline, pre-test, and post-test. Results indicated that fat message exposure resulted in significantly greater post-test perceived pressure to lose weight, negative affect, guilt, and anger than control conditions. Participants exposed to fat messages were significantly more likely to restrict food intake. Two subjects engaged in an analogue binge. Weight control intentions were similar across conditions at post-test. BMI was found to moderate the relationship between fat message exposure and negative affect and hostility, with overweight and obese women more vulnerable to negative psychological consequences of fat media exposure. A history of weight related teasing moderated the relationship between fat message exposure and negative mood dependent variables (negative affect, guilt, sadness, fear), with those who had a history of teasing more vulnerable to negative mood induction. The primary significant mediator between fat message exposure and body dissatisfaction was appearance activation. Eating disorder theories were upheld, with suggested minor modifications specific to the context of fat media exposure. Findings are discussed in the context of weight loss and eating disorders treatment. Limitations of the study and directions for future research are discussed.
9
Johnston, Cutting Smart. "Menstrual dysfunction and eating behaviors in weight training women." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/90950.
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To obtain descriptive information concerning female bodybuilders and women who weight train, a questionnaire concerning training regimes, menstrual history and dieting strategies was developed and administered with the EDI included as part of the questionnaire. Factors assessed included: incidence of menstrual irregularity, scores on the Eating Disorder Inventory (EDI), prevalence of behaviors associated with eating disorders, and mean body fat. Subjects were between the ages of 18 and 35 and included individuals from Personal Health Classes at Virginia Tech, the Virginia Tech Weight Lifting Club, and Goad's Gym in Blacksburg, Virginia. Subjects were classified by activity (weight lifters versus controls), involvement (high, moderate and low) and competition (noncompetitive and competitive).
Chi-square analysis indicated that there was no difference in incidence rates of menstrual irregularity between weight lifters (WLs) and controls (Cs); however, the rates of both groups were higher than the general population. Although there was no difference in menstrual function of involvement groups, 50% of the competitors, significantly more than non-competitors, were classified as oligomenorrheic or amenorrheic.
All subject groups had mean scores approaching anorexic patient norms on the EDI Bulimia and Maturity Fears subscales. WLs were significantly higher on Drive for Thinness than Cs and more WLs had subscale scores higher than the mean scores presented for anorexics. Additionally, significantly more WLs reported uncontrollable urges to eat, fear of fat, and history of anorexia. Mean %BF of the WLs was 20.18% with competitors being significantly leaner than non-competitors.
The high degree of menstrual dysfunction in both WLs and Cs is confusing; yet, the 27% incidence of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in WLs is much higher than the rates documented for the general population. The high Drive for Thinness and incidence of negative eating behaviors indicate that the prevalence of eating disorders in this population may progress as this relatively new sport evolves and competitive participation increases.<br>M.S.
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Lewis, Michele D. "Menstrual cycle dysfunction and weight loss practices among college-age women." Thesis, This resource online, 1996. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-11012008-063217/.
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Chinoy, Tinaz. "Evaluation of the social dysfunction in bulimia nervosa and interpersonal distress in the elicitation of binge eating episodes." Thesis, McGill University, 1995. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28998.
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The present study was designed in an effort to address two general questions: (1) the primacy of social dysfunction in bulimia nervosa, and its potential as a risk factor in disease onset; and (2) the proximal antecedents of the binge eating episode in bulimic patients. Given the substantial clinical and empirical evidence of social impairment in this psychiatric group, as well as findings documenting the treatment effectiveness of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (a therapeutic program designed to exclusively address social disturbances) with bulimic patients, it has been speculated that difficulty with interpersonal relationships may be a predisposing factor in the development of bulimia. The present study sought to determine whether social problems could present as potential markers for later disturbances of eating in weight-preoccupied women. A comparison of bulimic patients with a group of restrained eaters and a group of unrestrained eaters on such features as social adjustment across domains of functioning, specific deficits in interpersonal transactions, and qualitative aspects of everyday social experiences was undertaken to determine whether deficits in the social sphere parallel the continuum of eating pathology. In support of previous research and consistent with predictions, bulimic subjects were found to display greater social maladjustment and interpersonal deficits, and to report more negative social interaction experiences than control subjects. Few dimensions of social dysfunction were found to differentiate restrained eaters from unrestrained eaters, thereby suggesting that bulimia nervosa and restrained eating are not continuous with regard to social problems.<br>Studies examining the proximal antecedents of binge eating episodes have suggested that negative affect reliably precedes binge eating, and as such, has been considered a precipitant to bulimic episodes. However, no previous empirical work has addressed the precursors of this negative mood state. The present study postulated an "interpersonal stress" model of the binge/purge episode which incorporates disturbances in social relatedness and negative interpersonal interaction as precipitants of the negative affect that characterizes the pre-binge state. The model was evaluated in a naturalistic investigation of social interaction experiences and eating behavior in a sample of clinical eating disorder patients. The interpersonal distress/negative affect/binging linkages postulated in the present study were supported, thus highlighting the significance of negative social interaction experiences in the elicitation of binge eating. The clinical implications of the present findings are substantial as they underscore the effectiveness of eating disorder treatment programs which consider interpersonal disturbances in their therapeutic interventions.
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Ottosson, Sandra. "Impact of disease and treatment on body weight and eating in patients with head and neck cancer : experiences from a multicenter study." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Öron- näs- och halssjukdomar, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-82562.
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Background Nutritional deterioration in patients with head and neck cancer (HNC) has a multifactorial etiology mainly associated with tumor and treatment related factors. The objective of the present thesis was to investigate the impact of the disease and treatment on body weight and eating in patients with HNC treated with radiation therapy (RT) as the single modality treatment or as preoperative RT by analyzing body weight and body mass index (BMI) over time, predictive factors for weight loss and BMI, weight loss and BMI as prognostic factors for survival, and by studying the patients’ own experience of food and eating. Methods ARTSCAN is a randomized prospective multicenter trial conducted between the years of 1998 - 2006. Data were collected during and after RT with a total follow-up time of five years. Nutritional data from the whole study cohort (n = 712), from patients with oropharyngeal cancer (n = 232) and from two of the participating treatment centers (n = 101) were retrospectively analyzed in the present thesis. In addition, interviews (n = 13) were conducted nine months after the termination of RT as part of a care development project. Results On a group level, the patients lost weight during and after RT with a nadir at five months after the termination of RT. Factors related to a higher weight loss were oropharyngeal cancer, a high BMI at the start of RT, post-treatment aspiration, no tube feeding at the start of RT, and larger treated volumes. Furthermore, a high BMI at the start of RT was shown to be significantly related to a better five-year overall survival in patients with oropharyngeal cancer, whereas weight loss was not. The patients’ own narratives showed that all aspects of food, eating and meals were affected by the remaining sequelae, and that the patients found ways to accept and cope with the changes that had to be done to facilitate eating. Conclusions and clinical implications The disease and treatment gave persistent effects on the HNC patients’ weight and BMI which calls for a prolonged nutritional follow-up. The predictive factors found for weight loss can be used during patient history to find patients at risk for nutritional deterioration. In oropharyngeal cancer, patients with a high BMI at the start of RT had the best survival. This finding indicates that patients with a low BMI should be encouraged to gain weight before RT start. All aspects of food, eating and meals were affected during and after RT, and therefore the nutritional treatment should be given with a holistic approach to meet the multifaceted need patients with HNC experience.
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Duckham, Rachel. "Bone health and risk of stress fracture in female endurance athletes." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2011. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/8497.
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Conversely, AA lost femoral neck BMD over the winter and this was not recovered over the summer, although the increase in width of the femoral neck may have partly compensated BMD loss to maintain strength in bending. The final prospective analysis was conducted in a separate sample of female athletes who were diagnosed with a stress fracture injury. The aim of this analysis was to determine the magnitude and time scale of bone loss following a stress fracture injury and subsequent regain following retaining. A group of 4 stress fracture cases and 3 controls were followed for a period of 6-8 months following a stress fracture injury. BMD and BMC (lumbar spine, femoral neck, and trochanter) and estimations of geometric properties CSA, Z and buckling ratio) were assessed using DXA. The mean difference of bone loss and bone regain was determined by BMD, BMC and geometric parameters from baseline to 6-8 weeks and 6-8 weeks to 6-8 months respectively. No significant bone loss was found in either cases or controls from baseline to 6-8 weeks at any of the bone parameters. A significant difference at the femoral neck was found in the injured leg of the stress fracture cases from 6-8weeks to 6-8months (mean (SE) 1.042(0.102) to 1.070(0.102) g/cm2, p=0.004) with no significant change in the contra-lateral case leg 1.036 (0.102) to 1.054(0.109) g/cm2). No significant bone regain was found in the control subjects (health or injured legs ). Thus athletes do not seem to lose significant BMD during the recovery phase of training when partial weight bearing is required. Subsequent bone regain above the initial baseline value does seem to occur in the injured leg within 8 months following the stress fracture once training is resumed. In conclusion the work within this thesis has not only reinforced previous stress fracture findings, showing that a history of stress fracture is increased in athletes with a history of amenorrhoea, but has identified novel results indicating a lower incidence of stress fracture in female endurance athletes than previously reported. Exercise cognitions have been identified as risk factors for stress fracture history independent of menstrual dysfunction. Furthermore and potentially the most novel finding of this research is the importance for the examination of bone geometric properties in amenorrhoeic athletes. Findings suggest that possible structural adaptations counteract the effects of low BMD and annual losses of BMD during seasonal training in amenorrhoeic endurance athletes. In light of these findings this thesis highlights scope for further longitudinal research in the area of structural adaptation to bone in amenorrhoeic athletes. Keywords: Stress fracture, bone mineral density, bone geometry, endurance athletes, menstrual dysfunction, eating and exercise cognitions.
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Ratto, Maria Teresa Queiroz Ferreira. "Estudo sobre a associação entre disfunção de articulação temporomandibular, consistência da dieta e hábitos alimentares em jovens." [s.n.], 2011. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/310106.
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Orientador: José Martins Filho<br>Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas<br>Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-18T09:54:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1
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Previous issue date: 2011<br>Resumo: Estudo sobre a influência da consistência da dieta e hábitos alimentares em jovens portadores da síndrome da disfunção temporomandibular (DTM), com o objetivo de verificar se a disfunção temporomandibular tem correlação com a consistência da dieta desses indivíduos. Foi realizado um estudo comparativo entre jovens atendidos no ambulatório do Hospital da Universidade Federal de São Paulo. Trata-se de um Estudo de Caso Controle, comparando indivíduos jovens de 9 a 25 anos, com e sem diagnóstico de Disfunção Temporomandibular. Foi utilizado um questionário e recordatório alimentar, verificando a relação entre consistência da alimentação e sua influência na DTM. O grupo controle (sem dor) foi formado por 47 indivíduos (49%) e o grupo de estudo por 49 indivíduos (51%), totalizando 96 indivíduos. Quanto à consistência dos alimentos consumidos em 3 dias, conforme relato no recordatório alimentar, 52 deles (54,2%) comeram alimentos mais consistentes. Destes, 23 apresentaram dor de DTM (44,2%), enquanto 29 não apresentaram a mesma dor (55,8%). Foram 44 (45,8%) os indivíduos que se alimentaram com menor consistência, dos quais 26 (59,1%) apresentaram dor e 18 deles (40,9%) não apresentaram dor. A maioria dos integrantes da amostra utiliza alimentos mais consistentes para sua alimentação. A maior parte dos indivíduos com dor prefere alimentos menos consistentes. Existe associação entre DTM e os hábitos alimentares, porem este dado não é estatisticamente significante<br>Abstract: This study is on the influence of the consistency of diet and eating habits in young patients with the syndrome of temporomandibular disorders (TMD), in order to ascertain whether the TMD is correlated with the consistency of the diet of these individuals. We conducted a comparative study between young people treated at the Hospital of the Federal University of Sao Paulo. This is a Control Case- Study, comparing young people who are 9-25 years old with and without a diagnosis of TMD. We used a questionnaire and a food record report, checking the relationship between the consistency of food choice and its influence on TMD. The control group (patients with no pain) was formed by 47 individuals (49%) and the study group was made of 49 individuals (51%), adding up to 96 individuals. As far as the consistency of foods eaten in three days, as reported in the dietary recall, 52 of them (54.2%) ate more consistent food. Out of these, 23 had pain of TMD (44.2%), while 29 did not have the same pain (55.8%). There were 44 (45.8%) individuals who were fed with less consistency food, of which 26 (59.1%) had pain and 18 of them (40.9%) had no pain. Most members of the sample prefer more consistent food in their diet. Most people who have pain prefer less consistent foods. There is a relationship between TMD and eating habits, but this figure is not statistically significant<br>Doutorado<br>Saude da Criança e do Adolescente<br>Doutor em Saude da Criança e do Adolescente
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Franklin, Kim. "Hur påverkar funktionell hypotalamisk amenorré (FHA) fertilitet och eventuell graviditet hos kvinnor med anorexia nervosa?" Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för kemi och biomedicin (KOB), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105708.
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Bakgrund: Ett av sex par har någon gång upplevt problem relaterat till fertilitet under sina reproduktiva år och efter 30 års ålder är infertilitet vanligare hos kvinnor än hos män. Flera delar av menstruationscykeln består av energikrävande processer som exempelvis ägglossning och produktion av könshormoner. Näringsbrist och låg energitillgänglighet leder till brist på substrat till dessa energikrävande processer och i västvärlden orsakas låg energitillgänglighet vanligen av en ätstörning som anorexia nervosa, vilket kan leda till funktionell hypotalamisk amenorré (FHA) hos kvinnor. FHA resulterar i en minskad frisättning av könshormonerna östrogen och progesteron vilket kan leda till infertilitet. En av 20 kvinnor har erfarenhet av ätstörning under graviditeten men få studier har undersökt hur en historik med ätstörning påverkar fertilitet och graviditet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att undersöka om FHA hos kvinnor med anoreci leder till nedsatt fertilitet och komplikationer vid en eventuell graviditet. Metod: En litteratursökning genomfördes på PubMed och Web of Science med sökorden amenorrhea, fertility, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa, reproduction (1999-2021). Resultat: Åtta studier inkluderades och resultatet visade att kvinnor med anorexi födde färre barn och hade större sannolikhet för att ha genomgått fertilitetsbehandling än friska kvinnor i kontrollgruppen. Vidare visade resultatet att kvinnor med anorexi oftare rapporterade komplicerade graviditeter med till exempel lägre fostertillväxt, prematur födsel och kejsarsnitt. Slutsats: Utifrån resultatet i den aktuella litteraturstudien kan konkluderas att kvinnor med FHA på grund av en ätstörning har lägre fertilitet än friska kvinnor. Kvinnor med ätstörning upplever i högre utsträckning mer komplicerade graviditeter och även fosterutvecklingen verkar påverkas negativt och därför kan tätare kontroller under och efter graviditet vara nödvändigt för dessa kvinnor. Resultatet kan vidare tolkas som att den negativa påverkan på reproduktionsförmågan kan vara reversibel när ätstörninssymptomen behandlats.<br>Background: One in six couples has sometime during their reproductive years experienced problems related to fertility and after the age of 30, infertility is more common in somen than in men. Several parts of the menstrual cycle require a lot of energy, such as ovulation and the production of sex hormones. Malnutrition and low energy availability is usually caused by an eating disorder such as anorexia nervosa, which can lead to functional hypothalamic amenorrhea (FHA) in women. FHA leads to a reduced release of the sex hormones estrogene and progesterone, which leads to infertility. One in 20 women have experience of an eating disorder during pregnancy, but few studies have examined how a history og eating disorder affects fertility and pregnancy. Aim: The aim of this study was to investigate whether FHA in women with anorexia nervosa leads to reduced fertility and complications in a potential pregnancy. Method: A literature search was made on PubMed and Web of Science with the keyword´s amenorrhea, fertility, eating disorders, anorexia nervosa reproduction (1999-2021). Results: Eight studies were included, and the results showed that women with anorexia gave birth to fewer children and were more likely to have experienced fertility treatment than healthy women in the control group. Furthermore, the results showed that women with anorexia more often reported more complicated pregnancies with, e.g., lower fetal growth, premature birth, and cesarean section. Conclusion: Based on the results of the current literature study, it can be concluded that women with FHA due to an eating disorder have lower fertility than healthy women. Women with an eating disorder experience more complicated pregnancies and fetal development also seems to be negatively affected and therefore more frequent checks during and after pregnancy may be necessary fore these women. The results can further be interpreted as that the negative impact on reproductive health is reversible when symptoms of eating disorder are treated.
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Rocha, Daniela de Fátima Rodrigues da. "A procura de um corpo musculado nos homens: relação com os comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais e experiências emocionais." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/48298.
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Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Aplicada<br>A insatisfação com a imagem corporal tem sido associada a uma variedade de
problemas físicos/psicológicos, assim como problemas alimentares, no entanto pouco se
sabe sobre a relação entre a procura de um corpo musculado e os comportamentos
alimentares disfuncionais nos homens. O presente estudo teve como objetivos avaliar a
associação entre atividade desportiva - musculação e o objetivo de treino - ganho de
massa muscular, variáveis do comportamento alimentar, experiência emocional e
avaliação cognitiva. No total, 308 homens responderam a questionários de autorrelato
sobre informação desportiva/antropométrica, comportamentos alimentares, avaliação
cognitiva e experiências emocionais. Segundo os resultados, a musculação e a prática
desportiva associada ao ganho de massa muscular estão associadas a uma maior
frequência de exercício físico e mais comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais.
A musculação, o objetivo de treino associado ao ganho de massa muscular, perceção
ameaçadora da perda de massa muscular, e as experiências emocionais negativas
predizem o comportamento alimentar disfuncional. Em suma, a procura de um corpo
musculado nos homens pode constituir um risco para desenvolver sintomas das
perturbações do comportamento alimentar.<br>Dissatisfaction with body image has been associated with many physical and
psychological problems, as well as eating disorders. However, little is known about the
relation between the search of a muscular body and dysfunctional eating behaviours in
men. This study aimed to analyse the relationship between the type of sport -
bodybuilding and the workout purpose - gain of muscle mass and variables related to
the eating behaviour, emotional experience and cognitive assessment. A total of 308
men answered self-reporting questionnaires about sport and anthropometric
information, eating behaviours, cognitive assessment and emotional experiences.
According to results, bodybuilding and sport practice associated with muscle mass gain
are related to more frequent physical exercise and dysfunctional eating behaviours.
Bodybuilding, the workout purpose related to the gain of muscle mass, loss of muscle
mass perceived as something threatening and negative emotional experiences are all
predictors of a dysfunctional eating behaviour. To sum up, the search of a muscular
body can constitute a risk and lead to the development of symptoms related to eating
disorders on men.
17
Sá, Jéssica Maria Martins. "Perturbações da alimentação e da ingestão: estudo de prevalência em São Miguel." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/57023.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia<br>A presente investigação teve como objetivos estimar a ocorrência de atitudes e comportamentos
alimentares disfuncionais, estimar a prevalência das Perturbações da Alimentação e da Ingestão e
identificar possíveis casos de diagnóstico em jovens do Ensino Secundário. A amostra foi constituída
por 650 estudantes do Ensino Secundário Regular (10º ao 12 ano) de cinco instituições de ensino da
Ilha de São Miguel da Região Autónoma dos Açores, de ambos os sexos (423 do sexo feminino e 226
do sexo masculino) com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 25 anos. Este estudo de prevalência
consistiu em duas fases, numa primeira fase os instrumentos aplicados foram: dados
sociodemográficos, dados antropométricos e Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire e numa
segunda fase a Eating Disorder Examination. Não foi possível estimar a prevalência e identificar
possíveis casos de diagnóstico. A ocorrência regular de Episódio Bulímico Objetivo foi de 9,3%, 0,9%
vómito autoinduzido, 1,1% uso de laxantes, 1,4% exercício excessivo e 1,4% restrição alimentar. Este é
um contributo para o estudo das prevalências de Perturbações da Alimentação e da Ingestão e as
atitudes e comportamentos alimentares dos jovens adolescentes.<br>The present study aimed to estimate the occurrence of dysfunctional eating behaviours, to estimate the
prevalence of Eating Disorders and Ingestion, and to identify possible cases of diagnosis in Secondary
School students. The sample consisted of 650 students from the Regular Secondary School (10th to
12th year) of five educational institutions of the Island of São Miguel of the Autonomous Region of the
Azores, of both sexes (423 females and 226 males) aged between the ages of 14 and 25. This
prevalence study consisted of two phases; in the first phase the instruments applied were:
sociodemographic data, anthropometric data and Eating Disorder Examination-Questionnaire and in a
second phase the Eating Disorder Examination. It was not possible to estimate the prevalence and to
identify possible cases of diagnosis. The regular occurrence of Bulimic Purpose Episode was 9.3%, 0.9%
self-induced vomiting, 1.1% use of laxatives, 1.4% excessive exercise and 1.4% food restriction. This is a
contribution to the study of the prevalence of Eating Disorders and Ingestion and the attitudes and
eating behaviours of young adolescents.
18
Machado, Mónica Alexandra Ferreira. "Perfeccionismo e atitudes alimentares disfuncionais em estudantes universitários." Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27375.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: As Perturbações Alimentares têm sido consideradas como um problema de
saúde pública, que tem vindo a aumentar cada vez mais principalmente nos países
desenvolvidos. Por sua vez, o perfecionismo é uma característica central das
perturbações alimentares, bem como um factor de patogénese, manutenção e um factor
importante no tratamento destas. Objetivo: Analisar o papel preditivo das dimensões do
Perfeccionismo nas Atitudes Alimentares Disfuncionais. Método: A amostra é
constituída por 224 estudantes universitários que preencheram a Escala
Multidimensional do Perfecionismo de Frost (EMP_F-24) e o Teste de Atitudes
Alimentares - 25 (TAA-25). Foram realizadas análises estatísticas com recurso ao
programa IBM SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) versão 23.0.
Resultados: As dimensões do perfecionismo correlacionam-se com as dimensões das
atitudes alimentares, à exceção da dimensão Padrões Pessoais. Existem diferenças nas
dimensões Comportamentos Bulímicos, no total de atitudes alimentares, Organização e
Preocupação com os Erros em função do género. As variáveis sociodemográficas como
o género e nacionalidade revelam-se preditoras das dimensões atitudes alimentares,
Pressão Social para Comer e Comportamentos Bulímicos; e, as dimensões Criticismo
Parental e Organização são preditoras das dimensões Comportamentos Bulímicos e
Dieta. Conclusão: A dimensão do perfecionismo considerada como mais adaptativa é a
dimensão dos Padrões Pessoais, enquanto as dimensões maladaptativas são o Criticismo
Parental e a Organização, sendo preditoras de atitudes alimentares disfuncionais. A
utilização da Escala de Frost pouco explorada e as suas dimensões detalhadas permite
melhor compreender a etologia das perturbações do fórum alimentar<br>Introduction: Eating Disorders have been considered as a public health problem, which
has been increasing in the developed countries in particular. In turn, perfectionism is a
central feature of eating disorders, as well as a factor of pathogenesis, maintenance and
an important factor in the treatment of these disorders. Objective: This study aims to
analyze the predictive role of perfectionism dimensions at the eating dysfunctional
attitudes. Method: The sample is composed by 224 college students and they completed
the Frost Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (FMPS-24) and the Eating Attitudes
Test -25 (TAA-25). Statistical analyzes were performed using the software IBM SPSS
(Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 23.0. Results: The dimensions of
perfectionism are correlated with the dimensions of eating attitudes, with the exception
of the Personal Standards. There are differences in Bulimic Behaviors dimensions, total
food attitudes, Organization and Concern Over Mistakes according to gender. Sociodemographic
variables such as gender and nationality are predictive of eating attitudes,
Social Pressure to Eat and Bulimic Behaviors; and the Parental Criticism and
Organization dimensions are predictors of the Bulimic Behaviors and Diet dimensions.
Conclusion The dimension of perfectionism considered as more adaptive is the
dimension of Personal Patterns, while the maladaptive dimensions are Parental
Criticism and Organization, who are predictors of dysfunctional eating attitudes. The
use of the Frost Scale little explored and its detailed dimensions allows to better
understand the ethology of the disturbances of the food fórum.
19
Fernandes, Marília Pereira. "Auto-compaixão, perfecionismo e atitudes alimentares disfuncionais em estudantes universitários." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/20849.
Full textAbstract:
Dada a escassez de investigações sobre o tema, os objetivos principais deste estudo foram analisar a relação do perfecionismo e da auto-compaixão com as atitudes alimentares disfuncionais; Analisar se há diferenças de género nas atitudes alimentares disfuncionais; Analisar se as atitudes alimentares disfuncionais diferem consoante a nacionalidade e, analisar o papel preditor do perfecionismo, da auto-compaixão, do género e da nacionalidade nas atitudes alimentares disfuncionais em estudantes universitários. Participaram164 universitários e foram aplicadas a Escala da Auto-Compaixão (EAC), a Escala Multidimensional do Perfecionismo (EMP) e o Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (TAA-25). Os dados foram introduzidos no programa informático de análise estatística SPSS. Encontramos correlações entre o Perfecionismo e o TAA-25, bem como entre a Auto-Compaixão e o TAA-25. O género, por seu turno, só se correlacionou com os Comportamentos Bulímicos. No entanto, a nacionalidade, correlacionou-se com todas as dimensões do TAA-25. No que concerne ao teste de diferenças entre o TAA-25 e o género, apenas os Comportamentos Bulímicos se mostraram significativos. Por último, relativamente às variáveis preditoras de todas as subescalas do TAA-25, apenas o PSP apresentou uma contribuição preditiva para a Motivação para a Magreza, para os Comportamentos Bulímicos e, ainda, para a Pressão Social para Comer. Os nossos resultados contribuem para uma melhor compreensão da relação entre o perfecionismo, a auto-compaixão e as atitudes alimentares disfuncionais.<br>Given the paucity of research on the subject, the main objectives of this study were to analyze the relationship between perfectionism and self-pity with dysfunctional eating attitudes; Analyze whether there are differences of gender in dysfunctional eating attitudes; Consider whether dysfunctional eating attitudes differ depending on the nationality and examine the role predictor of perfectionism, self-pity, gender and nationality in dysfunctional eating attitudes in college students. They participated 164 university and were applied to the Self-Compassion Scale (EAC), the Multidimensional Scale of perfectionism (EMP) and the Eating Attitudes Test (SAT-25). Data were entered into the computer of SPSS statistical analysis program. We find correlations between perfectionism and the TAA-25 and between the Self-Compassion and the TAA-25. Gender, on the other hand, only correlated with bulimic behaviors. However, nationality, was correlated with all dimensions of TAA-25. With regard to test differences between the AAR-25 and the like, only the bulimic behaviors were significant. Finally, for the predictor variables of all subscales of the TAA-25, only the PSP had a predictive contribution to the motivation for Thinness, for Bulimics behaviors and also for social pressure to eat. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the relationship between perfectionism, self-pity and dysfunctional eating attitudes.
20
Gonçalves, Ana Isabel Costa. "Atitudes alimentares disfuncionais em estudantes universitários : o papel da personalidade." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27413.
Full textAbstract:
O presente estudo teve como objetivo geral explorar se os cinco fatores da personalidade
(Neuroticismo, Extroversão, Abertura à Experiência, Amabilidade e Conscienciosidade) são
preditores de Atitudes Alimentares Disfuncionais em estudantes universitários. Participaram
no estudo 470 estudantes, que preencheram um Questionário Sócio-demográfico, o Teste de
Atitudes Alimentares-25 (Pereira et al., 2011) e o Inventário de Personalidade NEO-FFI-20
(Bertoquini & Pais Ribeiro, 2006). Os resultados revelaram que apenas o fator Neuroticismo
se correlaciona, de forma significativa, com a dimensão Comportamentos Bulímicos. As
restantes dimensões da personalidade não se correlacionam com os Comportamentos
Bulímicos, a Dieta e a Pressão Social para Comer. Não foram encontradas diferenças
significativas no género. No entanto, apenas o Neuroticismo se mostrou um preditor de
Comportamentos Bulímicos. Deste modo, conclui-se que o Neuroticismo é um fator de
personalidade a ter em conta no desenvolvimento de atitudes alimentares disfuncionais.<br>The present study aimed to explore whether the five personality factors (Neuroticism,
Extroversion, Openness to Experience, Kindness and Conscientiousness) are predictors of
Dysfunctional Eating Attitudes in university students. Participating in the study were 470
students, who completed a socio-demographic questionnaire, the Food Attitude Test-25
(Pereira et al., 2011) and the NEO-FFI-20 Personality Inventory (Bertoquini & Pais Ribeiro,
2006). The results showed that only the Neuroticism factor correlates significantly with the
Bulimic Behaviors dimension. The remaining personality dimensions do not correlate with
Bulimic Behaviors, Diet, and Social Pressure for Eating. No significant gender differences
were found. However, only Neuroticism proved to be a predictor of Bulimic Behaviors. Thus,
it is concluded that Neuroticism is a personality factor to be taken into account in the
development of dysfunctional eating attitudes.
21
Pinto, Ana Patrícia Marques. "Behavioral and psychological outcomes in revisional bariatric surgery." Master's thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/32794.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia Clinica e da Saúde)<br>BACKGROUND: Poor weight outcomes after bariatric surgery, associated with disordered
eating and related psychopathology, usually require an additional surgery (revisional) to
achieve successful weight results. Thus, this study aimed to analyze psycho-behavioral
outcomes (eating behavior and associated psychopathology) following revised patients,
comparing with a group of primary patients.
PATIENTS: Patients (n=163) were evaluated prior to surgery and at 3 months follow-up,
comprising two groups according to the kind of surgery performed (primary or revisional).
Assessment consisted in a clinical interview and a set of questionnaires. At 1 and 2 months
after surgery, eating behavior was assessed by phone call.
RESULTS: Both groups presented significant improvements in eating behavior and related
psychological characteristics. However, even improved with time, both groups experienced a
marginally increase of overeating episodes since the second postoperative month. This
increment was particularly considerable for R-Group patients. R-Group has higher BMI in all
time points and loses less weight compared to P-Group in postoperative time.
DISCUSSION: Additional studies are needed to explore altered eating behaviors in bariatric
population and to better characterize psycho-behavioral background of R-Group.<br>ENQUANDRAMENTO TEÓRICO: Os resultados desfavoráveis após a cirurgia bariátrica
requerem geralmente uma cirurgia adicional (de revisão) de forma a obter uma perda de peso
satisfatória. Assim, este estudo pretende analisar os resultados do comportamento alimentar e
psicopatologia associada após cirurgia de revisão, comparando com um grupo de primeira
cirurgia.
MÉTODOS: Os pacientes (n=163) foram avaliados antes da cirurgia e três meses depois,
sendo compostos dois grupos de acordo com o tipo de cirurgia realizado (primária ou de
revisão). No intervalo de um e dois meses após cirurgia, o comportamento alimentar foi
avaliado por chamada telefónica.
RESULTADOS: Ambos os grupos apresentaram melhorias significativas no comportamento
alimentar e características psicológicas associadas. No entanto, ambos experienciaram um
aumento marginalmente significativo de episódios subjectivos de ingestão alimentar. Este
aumento foi particularmente considerável para os pacientes do R-Grupo. Estes pacientes
apresentam um maior peso corporal em todos os momentos de avaliação e perdem, ainda,
menos peso.
DISCUSSÃO: É necessária mais investigação para compreender o impacto da cirurgia de
revisão a nível comportamental e psicológico.
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Soares, Carla Sofia Pereira. "Atitudes alimentares disfuncionais em estudantes universitários : o papel do pensamento perseverativo." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/27482.
Full textAbstract:
Introdução: O pensamento perseverativo negativo define-se por uma forma de pensar
sobre os próprios problemas ou experiências negativas, tornando-se intrusivo, repetitivo
e difícil de controlar. O pensamento perseverativo negativo sob a forma de ruminação e
preocupação tem sido associado em alguns estudos a indivíduos com Perturbações
Alimentares.
Objetivo: Este estudo pretende analisar se as dimensões do pensamento perseverativo
são preditores significativos de atitudes alimentares disfuncionais.
Amostra: Participaram neste 468 estudantes universitários, 138 rapazes e 330 raparigas
com uma média de idades de 21.88 anos. Para a recolha de dados foram aplicados: o
Teste de Atitudes Alimentares (TAA – 25) e o Questionário de Pensamento
Perseverativo (QQP – 15).
Resultados: o Pensamento Repetitivo apresentou uma correlação positiva significativa
com os Comportamentos Bulímicos e a Dieta. Por sua vez, a Interferência Cognitiva
apresentou uma correlação significativa e positiva com todas as dimensões do TAA-25
(Comportamentos Bulímicos, Dieta e Pressão Social para Comer). Não foram
encontradas diferenças de género nas pontuações das atitudes alimentares disfuncionais
e do pensamento perseverativo. Relativamente às análises de regressão, percebemos
que, o Pensamento repetitivo apenas revela ser preditor da dimensão Dieta, enquanto a
Interferência Cognitiva é preditora dos Comportamentos Bulímicos, da Dieta e da
Pressão Social para Comer. Estes resultados sustentam, ainda que de forma preliminar,
que a interferência cognitiva pode ser um fator importante a ter em conta atitudes
alimentares disfuncionais.<br>Introduction: The negative perseverative thinking is defined by a way of thinking
about their own problems or negative experiences, which becomes intrusive, repetitive
and hard to control. The negative perseverative thinking in the form of rumination and
worry/preoccupation has been associated in some studies to individuals with Eating
Disorders.
Objetive: This study pretends to analyze if the dimensions of the perseverative thinking
are significant predictors of dysfunctional eating attitudes.
Sample: In this study participated 468 university students, 138 boys and 330 girls with
an average age of 21.88%. For the data collection were applied: the Eating Attitudes
Test (EAT - 25) and the Perseverative Thinking Questionnaire (PTQ - 15).
Results: the Repetitive Thinking presented a significant positive correlation with
Bulimic Behavior and Diet. On the other hand, the Cognitive Interference revealed a
significant positive correlation with all dimensions of TAA-25 (Bulimic Behaviors, Diet
and Social Pressure for Eating). No gender differences were found in the scores of
dysfunctional eating attitudes and perseverative thinking. Relatively to the regression
analysis, we realized that repetitive thinking only reveals to be a predictor in the Diet
dimension, while, on the other hand, cognitive interference is a predictor of Bulimic
Behaviors, Diet and Social Pressure for Eating. These results support, even though in a
preliminary way that cognitive interference may be an important fator to take into
account in dysfunctional eating attitudes.
23
Gomes, Fabiana Vanessa Silva. "Prevalência de comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais em mulheres idosas." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/38645.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado em Psicologia Aplicada (área de especialização em Psicologia Clínica e da Saúde)<br>Comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais são frequentes em jovens, mas pouco se
sabe sobre a sua prevalência em mulheres idosas. Este estudo consiste em estudar a
prevalência pontual de comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais em mulheres com 65 anos
ou mais.
Estudo de prevalência constituído por um momento de avaliação de duas fases com
342 mulheres entre os 65 e 94 anos. Na primeira fase foram administrados os instrumentos:
Mini Mental State Examination; Weight Concerns Scale; Sick, Control, One, Fat, Food;
Escala de Restrição Alimentar do Eating Disorder Examination – Questionnaire; três questões
para avaliar petisco contínuo e ingestão alimentar noturna. Mulheres que reportaram
comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais (n=118) foram selecionadas para a segunda fase e
entrevistadas com a Eating Disorder Examination.
Prevalência de Perturbações do Comportamento Alimentar e da Ingestão foi de 2.4%
(0.9% para IAC; 0.3% para Bulimia Nervosa e 1.2% Perturbação da Alimentação e da
Ingestão com Outra Especificação. Prevalência de petisco continuo foi de 18.9%.
Comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais e comportamentos de controlo de peso em
idosas são pouco frequentes, mas aproximam-se dos valores encontrados em populações mais
jovens. Este estudo é um contributo para o estudo de comportamentos alimentares
disfuncionais em mulheres idosas.<br>Dysfunctional eating behaviors are frequent among young women. However, little is
known about its prevalence in elderly women. This study is to examine the point prevalence
of dysfunctional eating behaviors in women aged 65 or over.
This is a two staged design prevalence study. Our sample consisted of 342 women
between 65 and 94 years. In the first phase, the following screening instruments were
administered: Mini Mental State Examination; Weight Concerns Scale; Sick, Control, One,
Fat, Food; subscale Restraint of Eating Disorder Examination – Questionnaire; three
questions to assess picking or nibbling and night eating. Women who reported dysfunctional
eating behaviors (n=118) were selected for the second phase of the study and were
interviewed with the Eating Disorder Examination.
The prevalence of Feeding and Eating Disorders was 2.4% (for IAC 0.9%; for bulimia
nervosa 0.3%; and 1.2% for Other Specified Feeding or Eating Disorder). The prevalence of
picking or nibbling was 18.9%.
Dysfunctional eating behaviors and weight control behaviors in women aged 65 or
over are uncommon, but they reach rates similar to younger populations. Our study is a
contribution to the study of eating disordered behaviors in elderly women.
24
Lima, Virgínia Catarina Teixeira Antunes. "Práticas maternas de controlo sobre a alimentação de crianças em idade escolar." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1822/25480.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de mestrado integrado em Psicologia (área de especialização em Psicologia Clínica)<br>As práticas parentais de controlo alimentar das crianças têm sido associadas ao índice
de massa corporal (IMC) e aos comportamentos alimentares destas. Por outro lado, estudos
mostram a existência da relação entre estas práticas e a psicopatologia da mãe e as interações
entre mães e filhos à hora das refeições.
Este estudo pretende avaliar a associação entre as práticas maternas de controlo
alimentar (PMCA) com outras variáveis da criança (sexo, idade, percentil de IMC, e os
problemas de internalização e externalização), e da mãe (idade, nível instrutivo, IMC, e
comportamentos alimentares disfuncionais). Neste sentido foram avaliadas 412 mães com o
Questionário sobre a Percepção das Mães sobre a Alimentação dos Filhos, o Questionário de
Comportamentos da Criança, e o Questionário de Alimentação. Relativamente à criança,
foram encontradas associações entre as PMCA e a idade, percentil de IMC e problemas de
internalização e externalização da criança. Relativamente à associação com as variáveis da
mãe, os resultados revelam ainda que existem associações entre as PMCA dos filhos e a
idade, nível instrutivo, IMC e comportamentos alimentares relacionados com distúrbios
alimentares da mãe.<br>Maternal controlling feeding practices have been related to child Body Mass Index
(BMI) and child eating behaviour. Furthermore studies show that these practices are related to
maternal psychopathology and meal time interactions between mother and child.
The present study examines the relationship between maternal controlling feeding practices
and other child variables (sex, age, BMI percentile, and internalizing and externalizing
problems) and mother variables (age, instructional level, BMI, and dysfunctional eating
behaviors). In this regard 412 mothers completed some self-report measures (Mother
Perception of Child Feeding Practices Questionnaire, Child Behavior Checklist, Eating
Disorder Examination Questionnaire). This study found associations between maternal
controlling feeding practices and child age, BMI and internalizing and externalizing
problems. This study also found associations between mother age, instructional level and
dysfunctional eating behaviors.
25
Carraça, Eliana Cristina Veiga. "The role of body image in the context of obesity treatment and associated behaviors in women." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4854.
Full textAbstract:
Doutoramento em Motricidade Humana na especialidade de Saúde e Condição Física<br>This dissertation sought to investigate the role of body image in the context of obesity treatment. Specifically, it was designed to i) identify correlates of pre-treatment body image (evaluation and investment dimensions) in overweight/obese women, ii) investigate body image changes during and after a lifestyle weight loss intervention, iii) examine how, and by what mechanisms, body image changed over time, and iv) investigate the implications of this change to the process of weight management and associated behaviors. The four studies included in this dissertation were developed in the context of a longitudinal randomized controlled trial, consisting of a 1-year behavior change intervention and a 2-year follow-up, including 239 premenopausal women with overweight or obesity (age: 37.6±7.1yr; BMI: 31.5±4.1kg/m2). The main intervention aimed at increasing physical activity, adopting a moderately restricted diet, and ultimately establishing exercise and eating patterns that would support weight maintenance. A module covering body image contents was also included. The comparison group received a general health education curriculum.
Study 1 highlighted the damaging effect of dysfunctional investment in appearance, rather than body dissatisfaction, for psychological well-being, and showed that controlled motivations might be one of the mechanisms behind this detrimental effect. In turn, studies 2 and 3 suggested that body image could be effectively enhanced during obesity treatment, leading to a healthier eating self-regulation, and emphasized that physical activity could play an important role in improving body image in overweight/obese women, and also in preventing its deterioration overtime, mainly by tapping its excessive salience to one’s life and self. Finally, study 4 showed that body image investment and depressive mood (to a lesser extent) mediated the relation between physical activity and critical markers of eating self-regulation, and suggested that these associations are relatively consistent in this population.
These findings highlighted the importance of enhancing body image during obesity treatment, especially its investment component, to improve well-being, eating regulation, and ultimately weight-related outcomes. Future weight loss interventions would benefit from performing a more thorough assessment of body image investment features and from proactively addressing them as part of their protocols. Furthermore, regular physical activity participation should be emphasized in these interventions, given its important contribution to long-term weight management, which goes beyond increased energy expenditure. In fact, physical activity can also ameliorate key psychological variables such as body image and even prevent their deterioration overtime, which in the end, might reduce susceptibility to relapse and favor lasting weight maintenance.<br>Esta dissertação investigou o papel da imagem corporal no contexto do tratamento da obesidade. Teve como objetivos específicos: i) identificar correlatos da imagem corporal (dimensões de insatisfação e investimento disfuncional na imagem) à entrada de uma intervenção de controlo do peso, ii) investigar as alterações da imagem corporal durante e após uma intervenção comportamental de controlo do peso, iii) explorar potenciais mecanismos subjacentes às alterações da imagem corporal; e iv) investigar as implicações destas alterações no processo de gestão do peso e comportamentos associados. Os quatro estudos desta tese foram desenvolvidos no âmbito de um estudo experimental, controlado e com distribuição aleatória (RCT), compreendendo uma intervenção de 1 ano e um follow-up de 2 anos. A amostra incluiu 239 mulheres pré-menopáusicas com excesso de peso ou obesidade (idade: 37.6±7.1 anos; IMC: 31.5±4.1kg/m2). A intervenção visou estabelecer padrões saudáveis de atividade física e comportamento alimentar, compatíveis com a manutenção do peso no longo-prazo. Incluiu também um módulo direcionado para as questões da imagem corporal. O grupo de controlo teve acesso a um currículo geral de educação para a saúde. (...)
26
McGee, Brandy Jennifer. "Multidimensional perfectionism and body image dysfunction in the prediction of eating disorder symptoms." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/14271.
Full textAbstract:
The relationship between perfectionism and eating disorders has long been recognized, if not
well understood. The current study tested a diathesis-stress model of the associations among
multidimensional perfectionism, body image discrepancy, body image investment, and anorexic
and bulimic symptoms in 145 female university students. The findings indicated that socially
prescribed perfectionism, perfectionistic self-promotion, non display of imperfection, and
nondisclosure of imperfection were associated with both anorexic and bulimic symptoms,
suggesting that the social facets of perfectionism may be most relevant to eating disorder
symptoms. Further, for the self-presentation dimensions these results were qualified by a
moderation effect. The results showed that perfectionistic self-presentation predicted both
anorexic and bulimic symptoms in women who were dissatisfied with their bodies, but that it did
not predict eating problems in women who liked their bodies and felt there was little or no
discrepancy between their actual and ideal appearances. Moreover, body image investment did
not moderate the relationship between trait and self-presentational perfectionism and eating
disorder symptoms. The results are discussed in light of personality and social psychology
theory on escape from aversive self-awareness and construction of the social self.
27
Wen, Wan-Yin, and 溫婉吟. "A study on the Prevalence of Eating Disorders and Menstrual Dysfunction of high school students Female Athletes in Kaohsiung city." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79043545735718418296.
Full textAbstract:
碩士<br>國立高雄師範大學<br>體育學系<br>102<br>Purposes: To investigate the prevalence rate of eating disordered behaviors and menstrual dysfunction in high school female leanness athletes (dance and gymnastics ), non-leanness athletes (track and field, kendo, wushu, and golf ) , and non-athletes. Methods: The participants of this research were 124 high school students (47 leanness athletes, 18 non-leanness athletes, and 59 non-athletes) mean 14.9±1.7 years. All participants completed the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT-26) and menstrual history questionnaires to assessments of eating disordered and menstrual function. According to the EAT-26 questionnaire score, the respondents scoring ≧20 were considered “eating disorders”, and “menstrual dyfunction” includes amenorrhea, oligomenorrhea, and menstrual irregularity. The results of total participants’s BMI, percentage body fat, training characteristics, and the contents of questionnaires were reported by using descriptive statistical analysis method. Results: It was verified that 12.8%, 11.1%, and 10.2% of the leanness athletes, non-leanness athletes, and non-athletes met the criteria for eating disorders respectively, that 51.1%, 50%, and 42.4% of the three groups met the menstrual dyfunction respectively. The presence of primary amenorrhea was only observed in 6.4% (3 of 47) of leanness athletes, the secondary amenorrhea was observed in 2.1% (1 of 47) of leanness athletes, and 5.6% (1 of 18) of non-leanness athletes. We masured the %BF among the three groups evinced 20.5%, 22.1%, 25.3%, the lowest group from leanness athletes, and the %BF result had significantly different (p= 0.000) in three groups. Overall, that five leanness athletes (10.6%) and two non-athletes (3.4%) has two common clinical component of the Triad (eating disorders and menstrual dyfunction). Conclusions: Leanness athletes who had lower %BF, higher prevalence of amenorrhea, and who has higher prevalence of two common clinical component of eating disorders and menstrual dyfunction. Most importantly, continued efforts need to be directed at prevention through education of athletes, coaches, parents, and health care professionals.
Key words: female athlete, eating disorders, amenorrhea, percentage body fat, adolescent
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Stefano, Johanna. "Risk of Eating Disorders in Elite Female Pair and Single Figure Skaters and Ice Dancers." 2009.
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