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Caroleo, Mariarita, Amedeo Primerano, Marianna Rania, Matteo Aloi, Valentina Pugliese, Fabio Magliocco, Gilda Fazia, et al. "A real world study on the genetic, cognitive and psychopathological differences of obese patients clustered according to eating behaviours." European Psychiatry 48, no. 1 (2018): 58–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.11.009.
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AbstractBackgroundConsidering that specific genetic profiles, psychopathological conditions and neurobiological systems underlie human behaviours, the phenotypic differentiation of obese patients according to eating behaviours should be investigated. The aim of this study was to classify obese patients according to their eating behaviours and to compare these clusters in regard to psychopathology, personality traits, neurocognitive patterns and genetic profiles.MethodsA total of 201 obese outpatients seeking weight reduction treatment underwent a dietetic visit, psychological and psychiatric assessment and genotyping for SCL6A2 polymorphisms. Eating behaviours were clustered through two-step cluster analysis, and these clusters were subsequently compared.ResultsTwo groups emerged: cluster 1 contained patients with predominantly prandial hyperphagia, social eating, an increased frequency of the long allele of the 5-HTTLPR and low scores in all tests; and cluster 2 included patients with more emotionally related eating behaviours (emotional eating, grazing, binge eating, night eating, post-dinner eating, craving for carbohydrates), dysfunctional personality traits, neurocognitive impairment, affective disorders and increased frequencies of the short (S) allele and the S/S genotype.ConclusionsAside from binge eating, dysfunctional eating behaviours were useful symptoms to identify two different phenotypes of obese patients from a comprehensive set of parameters (genetic, clinical, personality and neuropsychology) in this sample. Grazing and emotional eating were the most important predictors for classifying obese patients, followed by binge eating. This clustering overcomes the idea that ‘binging’ is the predominant altered eating behaviour, and could help physicians other than psychiatrists to identify whether an obese patient has an eating disorder. Finally, recognising different types of obesity may not only allow a more comprehensive understanding of this illness, but also make it possible to tailor patient-specific treatment pathways.
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Shebanova, Vitalia, and Tetiana Yablonska. "The influence of the family on the formation of eating and weight disorders." Current Problems of Psychiatry 20, no. 4 (December 1, 2019): 297–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/cpp-2019-0021.
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Abstract The аim is to study family influence on formation of eating and weight disorders. The concept of an “alimentary family” is defined as a family with dysfunctional, disharmonious relationships, which is a prerequisite for emergence and support of distorted patterns of eating behaviour, leading in the future to children’s eating and weight disorders. Methods: The research was carried out using the method of a thematic retrospective analysis (MTRA)-food, which is a variant of the narrative method, the questionnaire “Parental convictions and control tactics as for eating behaviour of their children during food taking”. The data was processed by the content analysis method; Fisher’s φ-criterion was used to compare differences between the groups. Results: The research has allowed us to clarify eating behavioural characteristics and to identify the “roots” of eating disorders. Various forms of forcing at eating, direct and indirect ways of making children to eat or blocking of eating are manifested in ignoring of children’s taste preferences, their desire and readiness to eat. Parents often use manipulative techniques influencing children’s eating behaviour (encouragement, inducement, reward promises, approval, recognition, warning, or switching attention), direct means of influence (coercion: prohibition, restriction, rejection, destructive criticism, intimidation, deprivation from various pleasures). There is the statistical confirmation that parents’ use of manipulative means and / or direct coercion towards their children during eating predetermines formation of pathological processes of corporeality, attitudes and psychological mechanisms stipulating eating disorders. Conclusions: The research results indicate necessity to develop psychotherapeutic programs for people with eating disorders, as well as programs to help parents improve family relationships and, accordingly, to apply correctional effects on their children.
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Batinic, B., J. Lazarevic, and T. Vukosavljevic-Gvozden. "1038 – Perfectionism and body shape concerns in female students with dysfunctional eating attitudes and behaviour." European Psychiatry 28 (January 2013): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(13)76162-5.
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Blair, Alan J., Vivien J. Lewis, and David A. Booth. "Response to Leaflets About Eating and Shape by Women Concerned About Their Weight." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 20, no. 3 (July 1992): 279–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0141347300017250.
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Concern about body weight and shape is commonly allied with dysfunctional self-concepts and eating behaviour. When provided with group therapy structured around written handouts addressing these problems, women referred for weight control have improved in their self-esteem, assertiveness, attitudes to body size, control of emotional eating, self-efficacy about weight and susceptibility to cyclic dieting, improvements which were maintained to follow-up. The present study examined the effects of the handouts alone on 27 women who actively attempted to control their weight. Relative to a sample matched for initial scores on the target variables, reported incidences of emotional eating and vigour of dieting were significantly reduced over a period of one year in the sample who received the bibliotherapy. Also, perceived body size, weight assertiveness, self-efficacy about weight control and body mass index all moved in the predicted direction, relative to controls, but not to a statistically significant degree. Such bibliotherapy on eating and shape is recommended as an adjunct to group or individual psychotherapy or to initiate change in clients waiting for professional counsel.
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Chugh, Ruchika, and Seema Puri. "Affluent adolescent girls of Delhi: eating and weight concerns." British Journal of Nutrition 86, no. 4 (October 2001): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn2001418.
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Despite a dramatic increase in research on eating-related pathologies, gaps remain in our understanding of the factors responsible for the development and maintenance of dysfunctional attitudes and behaviour related to weight and eating among adolescents. A study was therefore conducted to compare eating and weight concerns among underweight, normal-weight and obese affluent adolescent girls in New Delhi. The sample comprised fifty underweight, fifty normal-weight and thirty obese girls, 16–18 years of age. Information was collected about their body image perception, weight concerns and eating attitudes by a well-structured questionnaire. Dietary intake was determined by 24 h recall and a food-frequency questionnaire. Body size was adjudged by measurements of weight, height, waist, hip and mid upper arm circumferences, and the BMI and waist : hip ratio were determined. Of the subjects, 99·2 % had a gynoid pattern of fat distribution. Concerns about excess weight were prevalent among the adolescent girls, even among those who were normal-weight and underweight. The level of satisfaction with body size decreased with increase in weight. Dieting behaviour was reported in a higher number of obese (76·6 %) compared with normal-weight (38 %) and underweight (14 %) girls. Of the obese girls, 43·3 % were found to be at a significantly (P=0·00109) greater risk of developing anorexia in the future. Characteristic dietary features of adolescence, such as missing meals, snacking and eating out, were observed. While the diets of most of the subjects were adequate in Ca, thiamin, riboflavin and vitamin C, they were found to be deficient in energy, protein, Fe, niacin, vitamin A and fibre. Thus, it is important to recognize that weight concerns and dissatisfaction with body size may pose a threat to a healthy nutritional state, and may develop into precursors of a later eating disturbance.
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Stojiljkovic-Drobnjak, Suzana, Susanne Fischer, Myrtha Arnold, Wolfgang Langhans, Ulrike Kuebler, and Ulrike Ehlert. "Dysfunctional Eating Behaviour and Leptin in Middle-Aged Women: Role of Menopause and a History of Anorexia Nervosa." International Journal of Behavioral Medicine 28, no. 5 (March 15, 2021): 641–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12529-021-09958-0.
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Bushnell, John A., J. Elisabeth Wells, Andrew R. Hornblow, Mark A. Oakley-Browne, and Peter Joyce. "Prevalence of three bulimia syndromes in the general population." Psychological Medicine 20, no. 3 (August 1990): 671–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291700017190.
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SynopsisPrevalence of bulimia was estimated from a cross-sectional general population survey of 1498 adults, using the Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS) administered by trained lay interviewers. Lifetime prevalence of the DSM-III syndrome in adults aged 18–64 was 1·0% and this was concentrated in young women: in women aged 18–44 lifetime prevalence was 2·6%, and 1·0% currently had the disorder. Based on clinicians' reinterviews of random respondents and identified and marginal cases, the prevalence of current disorder using criteria for draft DSM-III-R bulimia was 0·5%, for DSM-III it was 0·2%, and for Russell's Criteria bulimia nervosa 0·0%. A strong cohort effect was found, with higher lifetime prevalence among younger women, which is consistent with a growing incidence of the disorder among young women in recent years. Although elements of the syndromes were so common as to suggest that dysfunctional attitudes to eating and disturbed behaviour surrounding eating are widespread, there was little evidence of the bulimia syndrome having become an epidemic on the scale suggested by early reports.
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Gonçalves, Sónia, Flávia Freitas, Marta Alexandre Freitas-Rosa, and Bárbara César Machado. "Dysfunctional eating behaviour, psychological well-being and adaptation to pregnancy: A study with women in the third trimester of pregnancy." Journal of Health Psychology 20, no. 5 (April 22, 2015): 535–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105315573432.
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Micioni Di Bonaventura, Emanuela, Luca Botticelli, Daniele Tomassoni, Seyed Khosrow Tayebati, Maria Vittoria Micioni Di Bonaventura, and Carlo Cifani. "The Melanocortin System behind the Dysfunctional Eating Behaviors." Nutrients 12, no. 11 (November 14, 2020): 3502. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12113502.
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The dysfunction of melanocortin signaling has been associated with obesity, given the important role in the regulation of energy homeostasis, food intake, satiety and body weight. In the hypothalamus, the melanocortin-3 receptor (MC3R) and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) contribute to the stability of these processes, but MC3R and MC4R are also localized in the mesolimbic dopamine system, the region that responds to the reinforcing properties of highly palatable food (HPF) and where these two receptors seem to affect food reward and motivation. Loss of function of the MC4R, resulting from genetic mutations, leads to overeating in humans, but to date, a clear understanding of the underlying mechanisms and behaviors that promote overconsumption of caloric foods remains unknown. Moreover, the MC4R demonstrated to be a crucial modulator of the stress response, factor that is known to be strictly related to binge eating behavior. In this review, we will explore the preclinical and clinical studies, and the controversies regarding the involvement of melanocortin system in altered eating patterns, especially binge eating behavior, food reward and motivation.
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Herbert, Beate M. "Interoception and Its Role for Eating, Obesity, and Eating Disorders." European Journal of Health Psychology 27, no. 4 (October 2020): 188–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2512-8442/a000062.
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Abstract. The importance of the sense of ourselves from within for understanding adaptive behavior and psychopathology has been increasingly recognized during the last decades. Interoception builds the foundation of our embodied self and dysfunctional interoception lies at the core of many psychosomatic disorders. Eating is fundamental for survival with consequences for health and well-being. It is deeply grounded in homoeostatic and allostatic psychophysiological needs and is driven by interoceptive signals of the body. This narrative review summarizes a selection of empirical findings and draws conclusions on the role of interoception in eating behavior, body weight, and eating disorders. Beyond disordered eating behavior, eating disorders are characterized by impairment of the sense of self, with dysfunctional interoception at its core. Predictive coding accounts are addressed to integrate conclusions and to underline the relevance of interventions to modify interoception.
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Lopez-Cepero, Andrea, Josiemer Mattei, Christine Frisard, Julio Jimenez, Stephenie Lemon, and Milagros Rosal. "Dysfunctional Eating Behaviors and Dietary Intake in Adults Residing in Puerto Rico." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa059_045.
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Abstract Objectives To document the level of dysfunctional eating behaviors, specifically emotional eating (EE), uncontrolled eating (UE) and cognitive restraint (CR), among adults in Puerto Rico (PR), and explore the association between each behavior and dietary intake (i.e., percentage of calories from fats, saturated fats and servings of fruits and vegetables). Methods Cross-sectional study of adults (n = 94) recruited from three health clinics serving low-income communities in Ponce, PR. The Three Factor Eating Questionnaire R18-V2 was used to measure EE, UE and CR; each score ranged from 1 to 4 (higher values indicate stronger behaviors). The Block Fat and Fruits and Vegetables Screener was used to capture percentage of calories from fats, saturated fats and servings of fruits and vegetables. Analysis included adjusted means (SD) and proportions, and linear regressions adjusted for sex, age and marital status. Results Mean age was 45 years, 52% were female and 55% were married. Adjusted mean (SD) scores for EE, UE and CR were 1.92 (0.78), 1.85 (0.66), and 2.32 (0.85), respectively. Adjusted proportions showed that 76%, 88% and 87% experienced any level of EE, UE and CR, respectively. EE and UE scores were significantly associated with greater percentage of calories from total fats (b = 12.0, 95% CI = 0.42, 3.60 for EE; and b = 1.99, 95% CI = 0.05, 3.93 for UE) and saturated fats (b = 3.36, 95% CI = 0.71, 6.01 for EE; and b = 3.31, 95% CI = 0.09, 6.54 for UE). CR scores were significantly associated with greater intake of fruits and vegetables (b = 0.69, 95% CI = 0.20, 1.19). Conclusions Dysfunctional eating behaviors are prevalent among adults in PR and were associated with dietary intake. Results support the need for larger representative studies of dysfunctional eating behaviors, dietary intake and health in PR to shed light into potential intervention targets to decrease the observed health disparities among adults in PR. Funding Sources National Institutes of Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and Ponce Health Sciences University Seed Program.
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Lapina, Maryna, and Yelyzaveta Boiko. "SOCIAL WORK IN THE SYSTEM OF ASSISTANCE TO THE PERSONS WITH ADDICTIVE EATING BEHAVIOR." Scientific Bulletin of Uzhhorod University. Series: «Pedagogy. Social Work», no. 1(48) (May 27, 2021): 216–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2524-0609.2021.48.216-220.
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The article is devoted to the topical problem of psychosocial assistance to people with addictive eating behavior, which is common among teenagers and young people, leads to tragic consequences, but still lacks a sufficient scientific basis and a comprehensive solution. The purpose of the study is to determine the place of social work and the content of the social workers’ activity in the system of assistance to persons with addictive eating behavior. Theoretical analysis of research of the food deviations problem, the concrete definition of terms «dysfunctional eating», «eating disorders», content and comparative analysis of professional functions of social workers in the context of helping people with addictive eating behavior are used as methods to achieve the goal of the research. It is determined that the professional activity of a social worker with persons with dysfunctional and disordered eating takes place in medical institutions, social services and secondary schools. The most common task of social work with persons with food addictions is the prevention. Special functions of a social worker in an inpatient (medical) institution are administrative and organizational work with eating disorders patient. Educational, social support and rehabilitation function are predominant in the activities of a social worker in social institutions. Instead, the specialist carries out for the most part diagnostics and monitoring, formation of eating habits, socio-pedagogical support of young people with dysfunctional eating in educational institutions. The leading role of a social worker at all stages of intervention and the need for a multidisciplinary approach in the prevention, correction and rehabilitation of people with addictive eating behavior are identified.
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Panchaud Cornut, Maude, Jennifer Szymanski, Pedro Marques-Vidal, and Vittorio Giusti. "Identification of Psychological Dysfunctions and Eating Disorders in Obese Women Seeking Weight Loss: Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Endocrinology 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/356289.
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Objective. The aim of this study is to analyse associations between eating behaviour and psychological dysfunctions in treatment-seeking obese patients and identify parameters for the development of diagnostic tools with regard to eating and psychological disorders.Design and Methods. Cross-sectional data were analysed from 138 obese women. Bulimic Investigatory Test of Edinburgh and Eating Disorder Inventory-2 assessed eating behaviours. Beck Depression Inventory II, Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, form Y, Rathus Assertiveness Schedule, and Marks and Mathews Fear Questionnaire assessed psychological profile.Results. 61% of patients showed moderate or major depressive symptoms and 77% showed symptoms of anxiety. Half of the participants presented with a low degree of assertiveness. No correlation was found between psychological profile and age or anthropometric measurements. The prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and assertiveness increased with the degree of eating disorders. The feeling of ineffectiveness explained a large degree of score variance. It explained 30 to 50% of the variability of assertiveness, phobias, anxiety, and depression.Conclusion. Psychological dysfunctions had a high prevalence and their severity is correlated with degree of eating disorders. The feeling of ineffectiveness constitutes the major predictor of the psychological profile and could open new ways to develop screening tools.
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MONTELEONE, P., F. BRAMBILLA, F. BORTOLOTTI, and M. MAJ. "Serotonergic dysfunction across the eating disorders: relationship to eating behaviour, purging behaviour, nutritional status and general psychopathology." Psychological Medicine 30, no. 5 (September 2000): 1099–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291799002330.
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Background. Several recent studies have pointed to a dysfunction of serotonin transmission in patients with eating disorders. Notwithstanding, it is not known whether serotonergic abnormalities are related primarily to eating and/or purging behaviour, nutritional status or general psychopathological dimensions. Therefore, by using a validated neuroendocrine strategy, we investigated central serotonergic function in patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa or binge-eating disorder who differ on the above parameters.Methods. Plasma prolactin response to D-fenfluramine (30 mg p.o.) or placebo was measured in 58 drug-free female volunteers, comprising 15 underweight anorexic women, 18 bulimic women, 10 women with binge-eating disorder and 15 female healthy controls. Behavioural assessment included ratings of eating disorder symptoms, depression, aggression and food-related obsessions and compulsions.Results. A significantly decreased prolactin response to D-fenfluramine was found in underweight anorexic women and in bulimics with high frequency bingeing ([ges ]2 binge episodes/day), but not in patients with binge-eating disorder or in bulimics with low frequency bingeing ([les ]1 binge episode/day). In the whole bulimic group, a negative correlation emerged between frequency of bingeing and prolactin response. No significant correlation was found between physical or psychopathological measures and the hormonal response in any group.Conclusions. These results confirm our previous findings of an impaired serotonergic transmission in underweight anorexics and in bulimics with high frequency bingeing, but not in patients with less severe bulimia nervosa. Moreover, they show, for the first time, that the hypothalamic serotonergic system is not altered in women with binge-eating disorder.
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Chesler, Betty E. "Emotional Eating: A Virtually Untreated Risk Factor for Outcome Following Bariatric Surgery." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/365961.
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Empirical investigations implicate emotional eating (EE) in dysfunctional eating behavior such as uncontrolled overeating and insufficient weight loss following bariatric surgery. They demonstrate that EE may be a conscious or reflexive behavior motivated by multiple negative emotions and/or feelings of distress about loss-of-control eating. EE, however, has not been targeted in pre- or postoperative interventions or examined as an explanatory construct for failed treatment of dysfunctional eating. Three cases suggest that cognitive behavioral treatment (CBT) might alleviate EE. One describes treatment for distress provoked by loss-of-control eating. The first of two others, associated with negative emotions/life situations, link treatment of a super-super-preoperative obese individual’s reflexive EE with 52% excess BMI (body mass index) loss maintained for the past year, 64 months after surgery. The second relates treatment of conscious/reflexive EE with 84.52% excess BMI loss 53 months after surgery. Implications for research and treatment are discussed.
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Pompili, Sara, and Fiorenzo Laghi. "Drunkorexia: Disordered eating behaviors and risky alcohol consumption among adolescents." Journal of Health Psychology 25, no. 13-14 (August 3, 2018): 2222–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105318791229.
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The first goal of our study was to examine the differences on disordered eating and alcohol consumption among heavy, occasional restrictors, and non-restrictors in a sample of 823 adolescents. The second goal was to analyze the relation of drunkorexia between unhealthy eating and alcohol use. Our results showed that heavy restrictors reported more eating disorder symptoms and alcohol use than occasional restrictors and non-restrictors. Similarly, occasional restrictors showed more unhealthy eating and drinking behaviors than non-restrictors. Both disordered eating and alcohol use were significant predictors of drunkorexia, supporting the argument of drunkorexia as an overlapping of dysfunctional eating and drinking patterns.
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Marmorstein, Naomi R., Kristin M. von Ranson, William G. Iacono, and Paul A. Succop. "Longitudinal Associations Between Externalizing Behavior and Dysfunctional Eating Attitudes and Behaviors: A Community-Based Study." Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology 36, no. 1 (March 2007): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15374410709336571.
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Bass, Martha, Lori Turner, and Sharon Hunt. "Counseling Female Athletes: Application of the Stages of Change Model to Avoid Disordered Eating, Amenorrhea, and Osteoporosis." Psychological Reports 88, no. 3_suppl (June 2001): 1153–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2001.88.3c.1153.
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Research indicates that female athletes from all sports are at risk for developing disordered eating, amenorrhea, and resulting complications. These disorders, termed the female athlete triad by the American College of Sports Medicine, may lead to significant morbidity and mortality as well as medical and psychological problems When female athletes feel pressured to fit a specific physical image, they may develop distorted body images and show disordered eating patterns. Menstrual dysfunction and premature osteoporosis may result from inadequate nutrition combined with excessive athletic training. Health professionals play important roles in prevention and treatment of these problematic behaviors. This paper examined the stages of the change behavior model and its use in addictive behaviors and provides theoretical applications of this model to reducing harmful behaviors in female athletes.
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Moore, Catherine F., Julia I. Panciera, Valentina Sabino, and Pietro Cottone. "Neuropharmacology of compulsive eating." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 373, no. 1742 (January 29, 2018): 20170024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2017.0024.
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Compulsive eating behaviour is a transdiagnostic construct observed in certain forms of obesity and eating disorders, as well as in the proposed construct of ‘food addiction'. Compulsive eating can be conceptualized as comprising three elements: (i) habitual overeating, (ii) overeating to relieve a negative emotional state, and (iii) overeating despite adverse consequences. Neurobiological processes that include maladaptive habit formation, the emergence of a negative affect, and dysfunctions in inhibitory control are thought to drive the development and persistence of compulsive eating behaviour. These complex psychobehavioural processes are under the control of various neuropharmacological systems. Here, we describe the current evidence implicating these systems in compulsive eating behaviour, and contextualize them within the three elements. A better understanding of the neuropharmacological substrates of compulsive eating behaviour has the potential to significantly advance the pharmacotherapy for feeding-related pathologies. This article is part of a discussion meeting issue ‘Of mice and mental health: facilitating dialogue between basic and clinical neuroscientists’.
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López-Cepero, Andrea A., Josiemer Mattei, Christine Frisard, Emily Riseberg, Julio Jimenez, Stephenie C. Lemon, and Milagros C. Rosal. "Dysfunctional Eating Behaviors and Dietary Intake in Puerto Rico." Journal of Immigrant and Minority Health 23, no. 4 (March 18, 2021): 867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10903-021-01156-0.
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Mohr, Christine, and Sabrina Messina. "Brain Dysfunctions, Psychopathologies, and Body Image Distortions." European Psychologist 20, no. 1 (January 1, 2015): 72–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040/a000203.
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The major features in eating disorders are a preoccupation with food and its consumption and body dissatisfaction. Diagnostic manuals provide clusters of criteria according to which affected individuals can be categorized into one or other group of eating disorder. Yet, when considering the high proportion of comorbidities and ignoring the content of the symptoms (food, body), the major features seem to yield obsessional-compulsive, addictive, and impulsive qualities. In the present article, we review studies from the neuroscientific literature (mainly lesion studies) on eating disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, impulse control disorder, and addiction to investigate the possibility of a wider phenotype that can be related to a common brain network. The literature localizes this network to the right frontal lobe and its connectivities. This network, when dysfunctional, might result in a behavior that favors the preoccupation with particular thoughts, behaviors, anxieties, and uncontrollable urges that are accompanied by little scope for ongoing behavioral adjustments (e.g., impulse control). We reason that this network may turn out to be equally involved in understudied mental conditions of dysfunctional body processing such as muscle dysmorphia, body dysmorphic disorder (including esthetic surgery), and xelomelia. We finally consider previous notions of a wider phenotype approach to current diagnostic practice (using DSM), such as the possibility of a model with a reduced number of diagnostic categories and primary and secondary factors, and to etiological models of mental health conditions.
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Cooper, Myra J., Gillian Todd, and Adrian Wells. "Content, Origins, and Consequences of Dysfunctional Beliefs in Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 12, no. 3 (January 1998): 213–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.12.3.213.
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A semi-structured interview was used to investigate negative self beliefs in female patients with eating disorders and women without an eating disorder history. Information about possible developmental influences on these beliefs was also collected. Beliefs linking eating behavior with weight and shape and beliefs about the self were identified, but only by the patients. Self-beliefs were invariably negative and unconditional. Beliefs about eating, weight and shape were usually in the form of conditional assumptions. Most patients identified specific origins for their negative self-beliefs: usually trauma or abuse in childhood. All patients believed that dieting was a way of counteracting the negative implications associated with their self-beliefs. Bingeing seemed to provide an initial distraction in some cases from negative automatic thoughts, images, negative self-beliefs and negative emotional states. However, after bingeing, these intensified. Implications for cognitive theories of eating disorders and for clinical practice are discussed.
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Abraham, Suzanne F., Tani Brown, Catherine Boyd, Georgina Luscombe, and Janice Russell. "Quality of Life: Eating Disorders." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 40, no. 2 (February 2006): 150–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/j.1440-1614.2006.01762.x.
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Objective: There is a lack of measurements with predictive validity that are specific for quality of life (QOL) in patients with eating disorders. Method: A total of 306 eating disorder patients treated as inpatients completed the Quality of Life for Eating Disorders (QOL ED): 109 at both admission and discharge from hospital, 65 at both admission and after 12months. Patients also completed well-validated measures of eating disorders, psychological dysfunction and general physical and mental QOL. QOL ED consists of 20 self-report questions that provide scores for the domains of behaviour, eating disorder feelings, psychological feelings, effects on daily life, effects on acute medical status and body weight, and a global score. Results: QOL ED domain scores correlated appropriately with previously validated wellknown measures of eating disorders, psychological dysfunction, general QOL and behaviour and body weight (p < 0.001). The QOL ED shows high reliability (Cronbach's alpha=0.93). All scores changed significantly and appropriately during inpatient hospital treatment and between admission and 12 months after discharge from hospital (p < 0.001). The scores differed for anorexia nervosa, bulimia, eating disorder not specified (EDNOS) and no diagnosis. All no diagnosis (recovered) domain and global scores were significantly different from all diagnoses scores (p < 0.001). Conclusion: This quick, simple instrument fulfils all potential uses for QOL assessments in the clinical and research settings associated with eating disorders, including outcome.
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Kamath, Vidyulata, Grace-Anna Chaney, and Chiadi Onyike. "2432 The relationship between cognitive functioning and abnormal eating behavior in behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 2, S1 (June 2018): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2018.189.
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OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: Abnormal eating behavior is a core and distinguishing diagnostic feature of behavioral variant frontotemporal dementia (bvFTD) that differentiates it from other neurodegenerative disorders and late-life psychiatric conditions. Though it has been proposed that hyperphagia in bvFTD results from cognitive dysfunction, the observation of altered sweet preferences and food foraging indicate that bvFTD is accompanied by fundamental dietary changes associated with hypothalamic and insular atrophy. In the current study, we examined how cognitive dysfunction contributes to abnormal feeding behavior in bvFTD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We analyzed first-visit eating and neuropsychological data from the National Alzheimer’s Coordinating Center database (7 centers; September 2017 data freeze) in a subset of bvFTD patients with clinician-rated characterization of disturbed feeding severity. Group differences in cognitive domains of attention, processing speed, language, memory, and executive functioning were examined between patients with abnormal eating behavior (n=59) and a demographically-matched sample of patients with normal feeding behavior (n=60). Group differences in informant-reported empathy, behavioral inhibition, and depressive symptoms were also examined. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Cognitive profiles in bvFTD patients did not vary as a function of disturbed feeding behavior. In a subset of cases pathologically-confirmed at autopsy, processing speed was better in cases with abnormal feeding behavior. No significant group differences were found for behavioral indices. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: These findings suggest that cognitive dysfunction is not the sole driver of abnormal eating behavior in bvFTD. Future studies with comprehensive characterization of feeding behavior, cognition and physiological/neuroimaging indices are warranted.
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Kluck, Annette S., Sheila Garos, and Lucas Shaw. "Sexual functioning and disordered eating: A new perspective." Bulletin of the Menninger Clinic 82, no. 1 (March 2018): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/bumc_2017_81_12.
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Fears about sexual maturity and intimacy were among early explanations for the etiology of eating disorders and related concerns, and research with clinical samples revealed a relationship between eating disorders and atypical sexual experiences. In contrast, feminist scholars offer explanations for both eating disorders and sexual dysfunction that emphasize societal pressures. As an alternative approach to understanding these difficulties, the authors empirically explored the relationship between the cognitive and affective aspects of sexuality and disordered eating among a nonclinical sample of 167 university women. Participants completed the Eating Attitudes Test–Revised and the Garos Sexual Behavior Index–Research Version. Women who experienced greater psychic conflict about their sexual behavior, obsessiveness about sex, and discomfort with sexual stimulation also reported increased levels of disordered eating behavior. These results suggest a need to consider the potential disturbances in certain cognitive and affective aspects of sexual functioning when treating women with disordered eating.
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Hilbert, Anja. "Childhood Eating and Feeding Disturbances." Nutrients 12, no. 4 (April 1, 2020): 972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12040972.
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Eating and feeding disturbances are prevalent yet understudied health conditions in youth. They are characterized by aberrant eating behaviors, cognitive and emotional dysfunctions, and dysregulated body weight. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fifth Edition defines several feeding and eating disorders with a common onset in youth; however, data on their clinical validity at young ages are lacking. Further non-normative eating behaviors exist, but their clinical relevance needs elucidation. This Special Issue compiles state-of-the-art reviews and empirical research on the presentation, development, course, and maintenance of diverse eating and feeding disturbances as a prerequisite for delineating evidence-based interventions for treatment and prevention.
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Barris, Roann. "Relationships between Eating Behaviors and Person/Environment Interactions in College Women." Occupational Therapy Journal of Research 7, no. 5 (September 1987): 273–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153944928700700502.
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This study examined relationships between self-reported eating habits, environmental interactions occurring within the context of personal projects, and the psychosocial atmosphere of the living environments of 65 college women. Regression analyses and comparisons of selected high and low scores on the eating measures suggested that women with high (dysfunctional) eating scores had more food-related personal projects, did more projects alone, performed more projects at home, and had projects linked to a more limited range of environmental settings than did the women with low scores. They also derived less enjoyment, anticipated less success, and felt more stress and less control of their projects than the other women did. Finally, in their living environments, they perceived a strong emphasis on a traditional social orientation and on competition.
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Lundholm, Jean K., and Janie E. Waters. "Dysfunctional family systems: Relationship to disordered eating behaviors among university women." Journal of Substance Abuse 3, no. 1 (January 1991): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0899-3289(05)80010-0.
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Ferrara, Joseph M., and Mark Stacy. "Impulse-Control Disorders in Parkinson's Disease." CNS Spectrums 13, no. 8 (August 2008): 690–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900013778.
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ABSTRACTParkinson's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, postural instability, and resting tremor. Increasingly, Parkinson's disease has been associated with a broad spectrum of non-motor symptoms, such as olfactory loss, sleep disorders, autonomic dysfunction, cognitive impairment, psychosis, depression, anxiety, and apathy. In addition, a minority of Parkinson's disease patients develop compulsive behaviors while receiving dopamine-replacement therapy, including medication hoarding, pathological gambling, binge eating, hyperlibidinous behavior, compulsive shopping, and punding. These behaviors may result in psychosocial impairment for patients and therapeutic challenges for clinicians. This article reviews the anatomic substrates, behavioral spectrum, associated factors, and potential treatments for dopamine-replacement therapy-related compulsions in Parkinson's disease.
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Yi, Dong Seok, Maxime Bertoux, Eneida Mioshi, John R. Hodges, and Michael Hornberger. "Fronto-striatal atrophy correlates of neuropsychiatric dysfunction in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) and Alzheimer's disease (AD)." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 7, no. 1 (March 2013): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1980-57642013dn70100012.
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ABSTRACT Behavioural disturbances in frontotemporal dementia (FTD) are thought to reflect mainly atrophy of cortical regions. Recent studies suggest that subcortical brain regions, in particular the striatum, are also significantly affected and this pathology might play a role in the generation of behavioural symptoms. Objective: To investigate prefrontal cortical and striatal atrophy contributions to behavioural symptoms in FTD. Methods: One hundred and eighty-two participants (87 FTD patients, 39 AD patients and 56 controls) were included. Behavioural profiles were established using the Cambridge Behavioural Inventory Revised (CBI-R) and Frontal System Behaviour Scale (FrSBe). Atrophy in prefrontal (VMPFC, DLPFC) and striatal (caudate, putamen) regions was established via a 5-point visual rating scale of the MRI scans. Behavioural scores were correlated with atrophy rating scores. Results: Behavioural and atrophy ratings demonstrated that patients were significantly impaired compared to controls, with bvFTD being most severely affected. Behavioural-anatomical correlations revealed that VMPFC atrophy was closely related to abnormal behaviour and motivation disturbances. Stereotypical behaviours were associated with both VMPFC and striatal atrophy. By contrast, disturbance of eating was found to be related to striatal atrophy only. Conclusion: Frontal and striatal atrophy contributed to the behavioural disturbances seen in FTD, with some behaviours related to frontal, striatal or combined fronto-striatal pathology. Consideration of striatal contributions to the generation of behavioural disturbances should be taken into account when assessing patients with potential FTD.
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Ramona, Fochesato, Guidotti Sara, and Pruneti Carlo. "Risk of developing eating disorders through the misperception of the body image and the adoption of bad eating habits in a sample of young volleyball athletes." Archives of Food and Nutritional Science 5, no. 1 (March 8, 2021): 007–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.afns.1001027.
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Objective: This preliminary study focused on the description of some dysfunctional perceptions of the body image and eating habits in a sample of young. Methods: The results obtained by 55 amateur and professional volleyball players belonging to volleyball sports clubs located in the province of Reggio Emilia were examined. The age of the sample is in a range between 11 and 44 years. The participants completed the Pisa Survey for Eating Disorders (PSED), a questionnaire aimed at examining eating behavior and the perception of one’s body image. The athletes’ height and body weight were subsequently detected through direct measurement. Conclusion: The data collected through the self-evaluation questionnaire and the measurements carried out by the study made it possible to analyze the perception of the body image and the eating habits of the volleyball players belonging to the sample and to compare them with the data in the literature. The data, albeit preliminary, allow us to confirm the existence of the discrepancy between the real body image and the desired one, in a group of young athletes, who favors the adoption of non-adaptive coping strategies to control one’s own weight and body shapes typical of the vicious circle - strict diet, bingeing episodes, compensatory behaviors - which characterizes eating disorders (ED). It is therefore considered essential that body image assessment is a practice implemented in the assessment routine of these athletes, especially in consideration of the fact that body image disturbance is a very common feature in this category and is one of the main risk factors of EDs.
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Fröhlich, Henning, Marie Luise Kollmeyer, Valerie Catherine Linz, Manuel Stuhlinger, Dieter Groneberg, Amelie Reigl, Eugen Zizer, Andreas Friebe, Beate Niesler, and Gudrun Rappold. "Gastrointestinal dysfunction in autism displayed by altered motility and achalasia in Foxp1+/− mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 116, no. 44 (October 14, 2019): 22237–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1911429116.
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Gastrointestinal dysfunctions in individuals with autism spectrum disorder are poorly understood, although they are common among this group of patients. FOXP1 haploinsufficiency is characterized by autistic behavior, language impairment, and intellectual disability, but feeding difficulties and gastrointestinal problems have also been reported. Whether these are primary impairments, the result of altered eating behavior, or side effects of psychotropic medication remains unclear. To address this question, we investigated Foxp1+/− mice reflecting FOXP1 haploinsufficiency. These animals show decreased body weight and altered feeding behavior with reduced food and water intake. A pronounced muscular atrophy was detected in the esophagus and colon, caused by reduced muscle cell proliferation. Nitric oxide-induced relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter was impaired and achalasia was confirmed in vivo by manometry. Foxp1 targets (Nexn, Rbms3, and Wls) identified in the brain were dysregulated in the adult Foxp1+/− esophagus. Total gastrointestinal transit was significantly prolonged due to impaired colonic contractility. Our results have uncovered a previously unknown dysfunction (achalasia and impaired gut motility) that explains the gastrointestinal disturbances in patients with FOXP1 syndrome, with potential wider relevance for autism.
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Imperatori, Claudio, Miranda Mancini, Giacomo Della Marca, Enrico Valenti, and Benedetto Farina. "Feedback-Based Treatments for Eating Disorders and Related Symptoms: A Systematic Review of the Literature." Nutrients 10, no. 11 (November 20, 2018): 1806. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu10111806.
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The effectiveness of biofeedback and neurofeedback has been investigated in a range of psychiatric disorders. However, to date, there are few studies on the clinical usefulness of feedback-based techniques for eating disorders (EDs) and EDs-related symptoms (e.g., food craving). A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus and PsychINFO identified 162 articles. Among these, thirteen studies exploring the therapeutic use of biofeedback and neurofeedback in EDs or EDs-related symptoms were included. Biofeedback and neurofeedback were implemented respectively in five and eight of all reviewed articles. No studies incorporated different feedback modalities or both biofeedback and neurofeedback. The considered studies provide preliminary data of the usefulness of feedback-based techniques in the treatment of several dysfunctional eating behaviors (e.g., food craving, rumination). Although no significant effect has been reported for other important EDs-related symptoms (i.e., body image disturbance), feedback-based techniques are also associated with significant modifications of both sympathetic reaction to food-related stimuli and brain activity in several regions of the reward system (e.g., insula). Taken together the results of the present review suggest that feedback-based treatments may be useful in the treatment of several dysfunctional eating behaviors operating both on top-down and bottom-up individual coping strategies. Methodological and clinical issues are also discussed.
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Izydorczyk, Bernadetta, Ha Truong Thi Khanh, Sebastian Lizińczyk, Katarzyna Sitnik-Warchulska, Małgorzata Lipowska, and Adrianna Gulbicka. "Body Dissatisfaction, Restrictive, and Bulimic Behaviours among Young Women: A Polish–Japanese Comparison." Nutrients 12, no. 3 (February 29, 2020): 666. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12030666.
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The growing number of women, who are characterized by restrictive and bulimic behaviours towards their own body is observed especially in countries influenced by Westernalization. However, there is a lack of cross-cultural studies in this area. The main aim of the present study was to examine the psychological and socio-cultural risk factors for eating disorders in Polish and Japanese women. A cross-sectional research study was conducted among 18- to 29-year old Polish (n = 89) and Japanese (n = 97) women. The variables were measured using the Sociocultural Attitudes Towards Appearance Scale SATAQ-3, and the Eating Disorders Inventory EDI-3. The descriptive and comparative statistics, Spearman’s rho, and the stepwise regression analysis were used. The global internalization of socio-cultural standards of body image proved to be a significant predictor of Body Dissatisfaction among Polish and Japanese women. The main analysis showed a significant relation between the Drive for Thinness and Interoceptive Deficits in the group of Japanese women, as well as a correlation between Drive for Thinness and Asceticism in the group of Polish women. The obtained results could improve the prevention aimed the dysfunctional eating behaviours. However, the cultural nuances need to be considered in understanding the risk factors for eating disorders.
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Szalai, Tamás Dömötör, and Edit Czeglédi M.A. "Parental and Adult Attachment and Eating Symptomology in Eating Disorder Patients and Sine Morbo Individuals." International Journal of Social Science Studies 5, no. 6 (May 13, 2017): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/ijsss.v5i6.2420.
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Attachment can contribute to eating disorder symptomology through various paths, including emotion regulation. However, the relationship between parental and adult attachment and emotional eating and other eating disorder symptoms have been barely investigated on comparative samples. This cross-sectional, questionnaire-based online survey aimed to assess the relationship between parental and adult attachment qualities with the eating behavior severity, emotional eating, and the level of depression in 67 female anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder patients, compared to 67 female sine morbo individuals. Eating disorder patients less frequently had secure attachment, and were more often fearful or preoccupied than sine morbo individuals. In sine morbo individuals lower adult attachment security, but in patients, lower parental care was related to eating disorder symptoms. In sine morbo individuals, higher preoccupation, but in patients, higher fearfulness and lower care was related to emotional eating. Lower attachment security (OR = 0.54), younger age (OR = 0.93) and higher depression (OR = 1.04) explained 36.6% of the variance of diagnosed eating disorders. A complex interplay could be highlighted between dysfunctional attachment dimensions and eating symptomology in both groups—but with different patterns. Perceived parental care may be influential for eating disorder patients, whilst the degree of adult attachment security can be influential for sine morbo individuals. Lower attachment security was a predictor of eating disorders, which suggests the protective value of enhancing attachment security. However, further attachment-based interventions are required.
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Moorey, Stirling. "Cognitive behaviour therapy for whom?" Advances in Psychiatric Treatment 2, no. 1 (January 1996): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/apt.2.1.17.
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In many ways cognitive and behavioural therapies represent the acceptable face of psychotherapy for the general psychiatrist. They are brief, focused, problem-oriented treatments, which take symptoms seriously. They show an affinity for the medical model in their acceptance of diagnostic categories and their commitment to effective evaluation of treatments through randomised controlled trials. The wide applicability of these therapies is also attractive to the general psychiatrist. Cognitive and behavioural techniques are of major importance in the treatment of anxiety disorders, depression, eating disorders, and sexual dysfunctions, and beyond this core group the methods can be applied to enhance coping and change unwanted behaviours in conditions as diverse as cancer, chronic pain, substance abuse, anger control, schizophrenia, and challenging behaviours in people with learning disabilities.
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Benson, Joan E., Kathryn A. Engelbert-Fenton, and Patricia A. Eisenman. "Nutritional Aspects of Amenorrhea in the Female Athlete Triad." International Journal of Sport Nutrition 6, no. 2 (June 1996): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsn.6.2.134.
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Female athletes experience a high incidence of menstrual abnormalities. This has critical health consequences because amenorrhea athletes are at greater risk of developing osteopenia and bone injury compared to normally menstruating athletes or nonathletic normally cycling females. Female performers and athletes are also at risk for developing disordered eating behaviors. There appears to be a connection between menstrual dysfunction, athletic training, and disordered eating, but how they relate is not fully understood. In this paper we explore how low calorie intakes, nutritional inadequacies, vegetarianism, low body fat stores, and specific training behaviors may contribute to the abnormal menstrual patterns seen in this population. Recommendations for the detection and prevention of eating and training problems and consequent menstrual abnormalities are included.
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Gebremedhin, Haftom Tesfay, Hagos Mehari Mezgebo, Gessessew Teklebrhan Geberhiwot, Tesfay Tsegay Gebru, Yowhans Ashebir Tesfamichael, Hailu Belay Ygzaw, Mulu Ftwi Baraki, et al. "Erectile dysfunction and its associated factors among the male population in Adigrat Town, Tigrai Region, Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study." PLOS ONE 16, no. 3 (March 19, 2021): e0242335. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0242335.
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Background Erectile dysfunction is one of the common sexual dysfunctions, but it is generally misunderstood as it is not a condition that threatens life. It affects an individual’s physical as well as psychosocial health and has a significant impact on sufferers and their families’ quality of life. No data are suggesting the prevalence of erectile dysfunction at the population level in Ethiopia. This research aimed to assess the prevalence and associated factors of erectile dysfunction among the male population. Methods We employed a community based cross-sectional study among 802 study participants. A two-stage random sampling method was used for enrolling study participants. Including the International Index of Erectile Function Questionnaire-5 (IIEF-5) for erectile dysfunction, data were collected using pretested and a structured questionnaire administered by an interviewer. Binary logistic regression was performed to identify factors associated with erectile dysfunction. Result Out of the total of 802 individuals, 25.4%(95% CI:(22.4, 28.3%)) (n = 204) reported erectile dysfunction. The mean age of the participants was 34.3 ± 9.6 years. Age of 40years and above [AOR = 10.74, 95% CI: (7.07, 16.35)], physical inactivity [AOR = 3.62, 95% CI: (2.40, 5.45)], depression [AOR = 4.01, 95% CI: (2.22, 7.21)], poor quality of life [AOR = 1.59, 95% CI: (1.07, 2.36)] were significantly associated with erectile dysfunction. Conclusions In this study, the prevalence of erectile dysfunction was high. Therefore, it is recommended that erectile dysfunction treatment be integrated into the health care system that focuses on educating and inspiring people on healthy eating, physical activity, and behavior enhancing wellbeing.
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Jankauskiene, Rasa, Migle Baceviciene, and Laima Trinkuniene. "Examining Body Appreciation and Disordered Eating In Adolescents of Different Sports Practice: Cross-Sectional Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (June 5, 2020): 4044. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17114044.
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This cross-sectional study aimed to examine the associations between body appreciation, body functionality and disordered eating in a large adolescent sample of different levels and types of sports practice. Method: The sample consisted of 1412 adolescents (59.8% were girls). The ages ranged from 15 to 18 years old, with a mean age of 16.9 (SD = 0.5) for girls and 17.0 (SD = 0.4) for boys. Participants completed an anonymous questionnaire assessing the nature of sports participation, body appreciation, body functionality, self-esteem, body dissatisfaction, internalisation of sociocultural beauty ideals and disordered eating. A two-way ANOVA was employed to test the differences in body image concerns, body appreciation, perceived physical fitness and disordered eating behaviours in gender groups and groups of different sport types and levels. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed to predict disordered eating behaviours of different study variables. Results: Participants of leisure and competitive sports reported greater body appreciation, self-esteem and lower body dissatisfaction compared to non-participants. No differences in body appreciation and disordered eating were observed in adolescents involved in weight-sensitive and less weight-sensitive sports. Body appreciation and body functionality were associated with lower disordered eating in adolescent girls not participating in sports, leisure exercisers and participants of competitive sport as well as in boys participating in competitive sports, controlling for body mass index. Adolescent boys demonstrated greater body appreciation compared to girls. Conclusions: The results of this study support the knowledge of the protective role of positive body image preventing dysfunctional eating in adolescent girls of various sports practice and in competitive sports involved boys. Disordered eating prevention and clinical treatment programs for adolescents of different physical activity might benefit from including education about body appreciation and functionality.
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Estévez, Ana, Nagore Ozerinjauregi, David Herrero-Fernández, and Paula Jauregui. "The Mediator Role of Early Maladaptive Schemas Between Childhood Sexual Abuse and Impulsive Symptoms in Female Survivors of CSA." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 4 (April 24, 2016): 763–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516645815.
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Child abuse is a traumatic experience that may have psychological consequences such as dysfunctional beliefs. The aim of this study was to analyze the impulsive behaviors (alcohol abuse, gambling, drug abuse, eating disorders, Internet abuse, videogame abuse, shopping and sex addiction) in sexual abuse survivors and to study the mediating role of early maladaptive schemas in the appearance of impulsive behaviors in adult female victims. The sample consisted of 182 adult women who had suffered childhood sexual abuse (CSA), mostly referred by associations for the treatment of childhood abuse and maltreatment. Sexual abuse was found to be positively related to the domains of Disconnection/Rejection and Impaired Autonomy. Moreover, these domains were significantly related to impulsivity and impulsive behaviors. Finally, the Disconnection/Rejection domain was found to mediate between CSA and eating disorders and alcohol abuse. These results may provide important guidance for clinical intervention.
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McDowell, Andrew J., and Malcolm J. Bond. "Body Attitudes and Eating Behaviours of Female Malay Students Studying in Australia." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 14 (2003): 16–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000225.
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AbstractThe extent to which 113 adolescent Malay women studying in Australia expressed the desire to lose weight was examined, as was the degree to which this desire reflected a genuine need to lose weight. Comparisons between participants who expressed the desire to either lose weight, stay at their current weight, or gain weight were made using both attitudinal and behavioural components of body image. An in-depth analysis of those who wished to lose weight was also undertaken. There was evidence that negative body attitudes were in excess of what actual body weight might dictate. However, these negative attitudes were not found to be consistently predictive of dysfunctional eating behaviours. Results were interpreted with reference to the potential influence of Westernisation in countries in the South Pacific region, and in particular how attitudes and behaviours are influenced by this process.
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Caroleo, Mariarita, Elvira Anna Carbone, Marta Greco, Domenica Maria Corigliano, Biagio Arcidiacono, Gilda Fazia, Marianna Rania, et al. "Brain-Behavior-Immune Interaction: Serum Cytokines and Growth Factors in Patients with Eating Disorders at Extremes of the Body Mass Index (BMI) Spectrum." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (August 23, 2019): 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11091995.
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Alterations of the immune system are known in eating disorders (EDs), however the importance of cytokine balance in this context has not been clarified. We compared cytokines and growth factors at opposite ends of BMI ranges, in 90 patients classified in relation to BMI, depressive and EDs comorbidities. Serum concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and epidermal growth factor (EGF) were determined by a biochip analyzer (Randox Labs). Differences were calculated through ANOVA. Possible predictors of higher cytokine levels were evaluated through regression analysis. IL-1α, IL-10, EGF, and IFN-γ were altered individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN) and binge eating disorder (BED). Night-eating was associated with IL-8 and EGF levels, IL-10 concentrations with post-dinner eating and negatively with sweet-eating, long fasting with higher IFN-γ levels. IL-2 increase was not linked to EDs, but to the interaction of depression and BMI. Altogether, for the first time, IL-1α, IL-10, EGF, and IFN-γ were shown to differ between AN and HCs, and between AN and individuals with obesity with or without BED. Only IL-2 was influenced by depression. Dysfunctional eating behaviors predicted abnormal concentrations of IL-10, EGF, IL-8 and IFN-γ.
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Pasztak-Opiłka, Agnieszka, Romana de Jonge, Agnieszka Zachurzok, and Małgorzata E. Górnik-Durose. "Adult attachment styles and mothers’ life satisfaction in relation to eating behaviors in the families with overweight and obese children." PLOS ONE 15, no. 12 (December 3, 2020): e0243448. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243448.
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Family plays a significant role in shaping children's eating behaviors. The aim of the study was to assess whether mothers’ attachment style, their life satisfaction and their own body weight can be associated with family eating behaviors. The results from 52 dyads (mothers/children) covered by the Metabolic Disease Clinic were analyzed. A targeted sample selection was used, taking into account the weight (overweight/obesity) and age (≥11 years) criteria of the child. The results have shown that the mother's body weight is a significant determinant of her child's body weight. The anxiety-ambivalent attachment style in mothers is a significant predictor of behaviors aimed at regulating and controlling affective states by food. A decrease in the knowledge of nutrition is associated with an increase in the level of anxiety-ambivalent and avoidant style. The avoidant attachment style is significantly associated with the nutrition organisation and control. Dysfunctional eating behaviors predominate among mothers with a lower level of life satisfaction. The lower the level of life satisfaction, the greater the tendency to regulate affective states and family relationships through nutrition, and to manifest improper organisation of nutrition. Mothers with obesity, compared to mothers with overweight and with normal body weight show a higher level of regulating emotions through food, improper organisation of nutrition and lower control in this area. The research results indicateshow significant relationships between insecure attachment styles, life satisfaction, and the mother's weight with eating behaviors unfavorable to health. It is therefore necessary to include family factors in the process of creating effective intervention strategies.
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Ciszewski, Stefanie, Kathryn E. Flood, Cecile J. Proctor, and Lisa A. Best. "Exploring the Relationship Between Disordered Eating and Executive Function in a Non-Clinical Sample." Perceptual and Motor Skills 127, no. 6 (July 8, 2020): 1033–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0031512520937569.
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Previous research suggests that individuals diagnosed with eating disorders (ED) may experience executive functioning deficits that help maintain their ED. Although this relationship is reported consistently in clinical samples, it is important to consider whether it holds for individuals with sub-clinical ED symptoms. One hundred eighty-eight university students participated in the present study examining the relationship between executive function (EF) and disordered eating behaviors. Participants completed a demographics questionnaire, self-report questionnaires measuring atypical eating behaviors (EAT-26; EDI-3), and a self-report measure of EF (BRIEF-A). Correlational analyses demonstrated significant positive associations between ED behaviors and problems with emotional control, shifting, inhibition, and self-monitoring. Six hierarchical multiple regressions were conducted, using EF scores to predict scores on EAT-26 subscales (Dieting, Bulimia, Total ED Risk) and EDI-3 scales (Drive for Thinness, Bulimia, Risk Composite). In all regression analyses, BRIEF-A Emotional Control emerged as a significant predictor. As would be expected, EDI-3 Bulimia scores were also predicted by problems with inhibition. These results provide preliminary evidence of an association between non-clinical patterns of disordered eating and executive dysfunction, specifically including the ability to control one’s emotions, suggesting that emotional control problems may help predict ED risk. Future research could examine how these factors predict the development of eating disorders.
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Hove, Oddbjørn. "Survey on dysfunctional eating behavior in adult persons with intellectual disability living in the community." Research in Developmental Disabilities 28, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ridd.2006.10.004.
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Pellegrini, Marianna, Sara Carletto, Elena Scumaci, Valentina Ponzo, Luca Ostacoli, and Simona Bo. "The Use of Self-Help Strategies in Obesity Treatment. A Narrative Review Focused on Hypnosis and Mindfulness." Current Obesity Reports 10, no. 3 (May 29, 2021): 351–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13679-021-00443-z.
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Abstract Purpose of Review The aim of this narrative review was to summarize the evidence evaluating the possibilities and limitations of self-hypnosis and mindfulness strategies in the treatment of obesity. Recent Findings Psychological factors, such as mood disorders and stress, can affect eating behaviors and deeply influence weight gain. Psychological approaches to weight management could increase the motivation and self-control of the patients with obesity, limiting their impulsiveness and inappropriate use of food. The cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) represents the cornerstone of obesity treatment, but complementary and self-directed psychological interventions, such as hypnosis and mindfulness, could represent additional strategies to increase the effectiveness of weight loss programs, by improving dysfunctional eating behaviors, self-motivation, and stimulus control. Summary Both hypnosis and mindfulness provide a promising therapeutic option by improving weight loss, food awareness, self-acceptance of body image, and limiting food cravings and emotional eating. Greater effectiveness occurs when hypnosis and mindfulness are associated with other psychological therapies in addition to diet and physical activity. Additional research is needed to determine whether these strategies are effective in the long term and whether they can be routinely introduced into the clinical practice.
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Campol, Meagan. "Engaging Healthcare Providers to Help Mothers with Eating Disorders Create Healthy Eating Environments for Their Children." Einstein Journal of Biology and Medicine 27, no. 2 (March 2, 2016): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.23861/ejbm20112755.
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Eating disorders (EDs), such as anorexia, bulimia, and bingeeating disorder, involve extreme emotions, attitudes, and behaviors surrounding weight, food, and body image, all of which can lead to destructive health consequences. While EDs have innumerable effects on affected individuals, less is known about the consequences for the offspring of childbearing women with past or current EDs. Children of mothers with EDs are at increased risk of various problems during gestation and childhood, including higher rates of miscarriage, cesarean-section deliveries, and stillbirth; greater likelihood of preterm delivery, small- or large-for-gestational-age, low or high birth weight, and growth disturbances; and lower likelihood of being breastfed. These children are also more likely to develop dysfunctional eating habits, behaviors, and attitudes throughout adolescence. Possible effects of maternal EDs on parenting include withholding food from children, using food to reward or punish, a preoccupation with weight interfering with the mother’s responsiveness to her child, failure to express positive attitudes toward eating, and higher tension during mealtimes. These risks are influenced by a variety of factors and the consequences for children are difficult to predict. Complicating matters, the foundations of an ED are established long before diagnosis. The familial setting provides a unique opportunity for integrated and concurrent primary and tertiary ED-prevention strategies for both child and mother. It is imperative for healthcare providers to consider the potential value of educational programs and support for mothers with EDs, as early intervention could interrupt the cycle of risk associated with eating disorders and their effects on the developing child.
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Martini, Maria Giulia, Francesca Solmi, Isabel Krug, Andreas Karwautz, Gudrun Wagner, Fernando Fernandez-Aranda, Janet Treasure, and Nadia Micali. "Associations between eating disorder diagnoses, behaviors, and menstrual dysfunction in a clinical sample." Archives of Women's Mental Health 19, no. 3 (September 23, 2015): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00737-015-0576-2.
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Rauh, Mitchell J., Jeanne F. Nichols, and Michelle T. Barrack. "Relationships Among Injury and Disordered Eating, Menstrual Dysfunction, and Low Bone Mineral Density in High School Athletes: A Prospective Study." Journal of Athletic Training 45, no. 3 (May 1, 2010): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-45.3.243.
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Abstract Context: Prior authors have reported associations among increased risk of injury and factors of the female athlete triad, as defined before the 2007 American College of Sports Medicine position stand, in collegiate and adult club sport populations. Little is known about this relationship in an adolescent competitive sports population. Objective: To examine the relationship among disordered eating, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density (BMD) and musculoskeletal injury among girls in high school sports. Design: Prospective cohort study. Setting: The sample consisted of 163 female athletes competing in 8 interscholastic sports in southern California during the 2003–2004 school year. Each participant was followed throughout her respective sport season for occurrence of musculoskeletal injuries. Main Outcome Measure(s): Data collected included daily injury reports, the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire that assessed disordered eating attitudes and behaviors, a dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry scan that measured BMD and lean tissue mass, anthropometric measurements, and a questionnaire on menstrual history and demographic characteristics. Results: Sixty-one athletes (37.4%) incurred 90 musculoskeletal injuries. In our BMD z score model of ≤−1 SD, a history of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea during the past year and low BMD (z score ≤−1 SD) were associated with the occurrence of musculoskeletal injury during the interscholastic sport season. In our BMD z score model of ≤−2 SDs, disordered eating (Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire score ≥4.0), a history of oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea during the past year, and a low BMD (z score ≤−2 SDs) were associated with musculoskeletal injury occurrence. Conclusions: These findings indicate that disordered eating, oligomenorrhea/amenorrhea, and low BMD were associated with musculoskeletal injuries in these female high school athletes. Programs designed to identify and prevent disordered eating and menstrual dysfunction and to increase bone mass in athletes may help to reduce musculoskeletal injuries.
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Dumoulin, Sonia C., Isabelle de Glisezinski, Françoise Saint-Martin, Sylvie I. Jamrozik, Pierre Barbe, Jean-Paul Thouvenot, Monique M. Plantavid, Antoine P. Bennet, and Jean-Pierre Louvet. "Hormonal changes related to eating behavior in oligomenorrheic women." European Journal of Endocrinology 135, no. 3 (September 1996): 328–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/eje.0.1350328.
Full textAbstract:
Dumoulin SC, de Glisezinski I, Saint-Martin F, Jamrozik SI, Barbe P, Thouvenot J-P, Plantavid MM. Bennet AP, Louvet J-P Hormonal changes related to eating behavior in oligomenorrheic women. Eur J Endocrinol 1996;135:328–34. ISSN 0804–4643 The aim of this study was to determine those hormonal alterations in the gonadotropin-ovarian axis that are related to eating behavior in oligomenorrheic patients. We studied 74 oligomenorrheic women aged 26.2 ± 0.8 years, divided into group IA (N = 13) with eating disorders, group IB (N = 61) without eating disorders and 18 normally cycling controls aged 29.2 ± 1.6 years (group II). No subject had ovarian failure, pituitary disease, thyroid dysfunction or was taking any drug. Blood samples were taken on days 3–6 after the last menses. Luteinizing hormone (LH) was measured in two plasma pools, each made up of three samples taken at 30-min intervals, starting at 15.00 h (LH-1 5 h) and 09.00 h (LH-9 h), which allowed the mean LH (mLH) and variability in LH (V-LH: percentage increase from the lower to the higher of the two LH values) to be calculated. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), sex steroids, and gonadotropin-releasing hormone-stimulated LH (sLH) and -FSH (sFSH) were also evaluated. Eating behavior was evaluated with the EAT questionnaire; the EAT 26 score, the dieting score (DS) and bulimia score (BS) were calculated. Dietary intake was evaluated in 35 group IB patients based on food diaries analyzed with the REGAL program, to evaluate daily calorie intake (Cal) and calories provided by carbohydrates (Carb), lipids (Lip) and proteins (Prot). Comparisons between groups were done by analysis of variance (followed by the Fisher PLSD test) and the KruskalWallis test. Groups IA. IB and II did not differ regarding age, body mass index, LH-9 h, LH-15 h, mLH, FSH, sLH, sFSH, estradiol or dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; group IA had a higher V-LH than group II (p < 0.02) and a higher testosterone level than groups IB and II (p < 0.05). Positive correlations were found between V-LH and DS (p < 0.01) and BS (p < 0.05), and between testosterone and BS (p < 0.02) and DS (p < 0.05). The V-LH was negatively correlated with Cal and Carb, and testosterone was positively correlated with Cal and Lip. In patients referred for oligomenorrhea, it is concluded that testosterone levels and variability of LH levels are related to eating behavior. Antoine P Bennet, Service d'Endocrinologie, Hôpital Purpan, Place du Dr Baylac, 31059 Toulouse-Cedex, France