Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamiques interfaciales'
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Parau, Emilian. "Ondes interfaciales de flexion-gravité et de capillarité-gravité." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5439.
Full textDe, Soete Franz. "Ecoulement de gouttes couvertes dans une contraction." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLS082.
Full textThe flow of oil drops in water through a constricted channel is of interest for many applications such as oil extraction or microfluidics. In the literature, the condition of pore clogging under a pressure gradient has been extensively studied for drops and bubbles. The relation between flowrate and pressure involves the difference in Laplace pressures at the front and back of the drop, and thus the interfacial tensions at the front and the back. The presence of species adsorbed on the surface lowering the interfacial tension, such as surfactants or colloidal particles, therefore modifies not only the clogging threshold but also the value of the flowrate above this threshold. The objective of this thesis is to study the flow, under an imposed pressure gradient, of drops whose surface is initially saturated with surfactants (above the CMC) or with particles, through cylindrical constricted capillaries. We show how measurements of flowrate by image analysis can provide measurements of the interfacial tensions. In the case of surfactant-laden drops, we measure an increase in the interfacial tension at the front which results from a competition between the surface expansion effects and the transport by a Marangoni effect. In the case of particle-laden drops, we show that both the velocity of the drop and the radius of the particles adsorbed on its surface control the flow regime. At low velocities, the wetting of oil on the capillary walls is observed at the front of the drop; at larger velocities, the flow depends on the particle size compared to the thickness of the lubricating film, according to this criterion either the occurence of friction of the particles on the channel walls or a viscous lubrication regime are observed. These regimes are responsible for a greater or lesser accumulation of particles at the back of the drop, decreasing the back interfacial tension and giving rise to various mechanisms of interface destabilization. For both systems, we show that the presence of adsorbed species has little effect on the clogging condition. Nevertheless, we measure an increase in the passage time of the drops covered with surfactants or particles, which results from the coupling of interfacial dynamics and flow through the contraction
Martrou, Guillaume. "Dynamique d'interfaces chargées et application aux matériaux fibreux." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0296/document.
Full textInterfaces between two fluids can lead to various interfacial shape instabilities if an electrical field is applied. Leading, for instance, to micrometric droplets or jets formation. Controlling those instabilities is much-needed for an optimal fabrication of microspheres or microfibers : size, physicochemical properties, dispersion and macroscopic spatial structuring of aggregates of those kind of objects. This diversity is based in the competition between surface tension and gravity forces with gravity during the electrodynamics of fluids under electric field induced by electrical charges, polarization charges, electrical discharges and ionic wind. The experimental thesis deals with two main topics. The first one is a precise understanding of spatiotemporals phenomena occurring in a configuration made of a metallic injector raised to high voltage placed above a liquid bath. We present the formation of an original instability leading to a macroscopic bell-shaped link between both electrodes and its non linear characterization. The bifurcation is subcritical and imperfect. The second topic, based on the experience gained with the first one, is an original method of fabrication of microfibers modified in only one step by wet electrospinning. The chosen electrospun polymer is PSMA and the one used for modification is PEGDA. This study has been realized with a catalyze application context. To do so, fibers has been functionalized with peroxydase (HRP) as the model protein. The results especially show a better temporal stability and possible reuse compared to catalysis with standard methods
Du, Cluzeau Antoine. "Modélisation physique de la dynamique des écoulements à bulles par remontée d’échelle à partir de simulations fines." Thesis, Perpignan, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PERP0012/document.
Full textThe CEA aspires to create a numerical nuclear reactor which requires a great knowledge of two-phase flows. In order to improve our understanding of accidental scenarios, this thesis focuses on studying the complex dynamics of bubbly flows in order to model them. The main challenges of the thesis are to study and model the interfacial forces responsible for the migration of bubbles as well as to propose a model of turbulence in agreement with the current knowledge of the phenomena. In order to achieve these objectives, a statistical database is produced from numerical experiments (direct numerical simulations) of swarms and bubble channels. In this thesis, a new method for interfacial forces modeling is developed. It reveals a new force coined as laminar dispersion force. This force has an important role in bubble migration. It is then modeled and validated on five simulations of bubble channels. Concerning turbulence in bubbly flows, it is comprised of SPT (Single Phase Turbulence), WIT (Wake Induced Turbulence) and WIF (Wake Induced Fluctuations) which characterize distinct phenomena. The SPT is the turbulence produced by the averaged shear, the WIT represent the temporal and turbulent fluctuations due to destabilizations and collective instabilities of wakes, and the WIF reflect the spatial fluctuations generated by the averaged wake and the potential flow around the bubbles. In this thesis, we propose a tensorial three-equations modeling of turbulence, where each contribution has its own closure. The tensorial three-equation model is complete and can be assessed as of now in an averaged calculation code
Barthelet, Pierre. "Dynamique non linéaire des ondes interfaciales entre deux fluides cisaillés." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT104H.
Full textAbi, Chebel Nicolas. "Dynamique et rhéologie interfaciales à haute fréquence d'une goutte oscillante." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009INPT043G/document.
Full textWe present an experimental study of oscillating drop interfacial dynamics at a wide frequency range, especially at high frequency. A characterization method of drops oscillation dynamics has been developed. The oscillations are generated by imposing low amplitude periodic variation of volume to a drop which is attached to a capillary tip. The present method is based on the identification of the drop eigenmodes and the determination of their frequencies and damping rates. It has been applied to characterize several liquid-liquid systems. Three types of interface have been identified. For interfaces of type 1 (heptane/water without added surfactant), each eigenmode is modelled by a weakly damped linear oscillator. Eigenfrequencies and damping rates are well predicted by the linear theory. Interfaces of Types 2 and 3 are obtained by adding crude oil to the disperse phase. Oil native surfactants (asphaltenes, resins) adsorb on the drop interface and provide the latter with viscoelastic behaviour. For young interfaces (type 2 with aging time below 20 minutes), eigenfrequencies remain well predicted by the theory, which deals with non contaminated interfaces, whereas the measured damping rates are significantly higher than the theoretical values. On the other hand, aged interfaces (type 3) exhibit different eigenmodes, of which eigenfrequencies are much higher than the resonance frequencies measured for the young interfaces. At high frequency, the dynamics of aged interfaces are governed by the elasticity of the network constituted by the crude oil amphiphilic species, while the dynamics of young interfaces are governed by interfacial tension. Freely decaying oscillations of a rising drop in a liquid at rest without added surfactant were also considered. Measured frequencies for the first four eigenmodes are in good agreement with the linear theory. However, measured damping rates are much higher than the theoretical rates for non contaminated interfaces. In fact, residual adsorbed species at the heptane/water interface induce Marangoni effects and thus gradients of interfacial tension. Therefore, vorticity production within the boundary layers is enhanced, which explains the observed increase of the oscillation damping rates
BONFILLON, COLIN ANNIE. "Contribution a l'etude des mousses et des emulsions : dynamique interfaciale." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066826.
Full textZANOTTI, JEAN-MARC. "Structure et dynamique de l'eau interfaciale. Role de l'eau d'hydratation dans la dynamique des proteines globulaires." Paris 11, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA112063.
Full textDeguillard, Estelle. "Simulations de Dynamique Particulaire Dissipative pour le calcul de tension interfaciale dans des systèmes eau/tensioactif/huile." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112288/document.
Full textThe interfacial tension is a physical-chemical property that numerous industrial areas have an interest of especially the petroleum industry. This property is one of the many which helps to optimize production wells' rate of return. Measuring that property in reservoir's conditions (high pressure and temperature) is highly difficult and led to study water/surfactant/oil systems using molecular modeling. The difficulty to measure that specific physical-chemical property linked to the pressure and temperature conditions in the reservoirs led the scientists to study water/surfactant/oil systems using molecular modeling. This thesis establishes that the Dissipative Particle Dynamics (DPD) is able to study water/surfactant/oil systems. The study of the effect of the variation of the harmonic force's parameters, namely the force constant K and the equilibrium distance r0, demonstrated that their variation can heavily influence the interfacial tension computation. Actually, a subtle balance exists between the intra and inter-molecular interactions, which influences the local structure of the surfactants at the oil-water interface, modifies the interfacial tension and influences the interface stability. It was demonstrated that DPD reproduces the variation of interfacial tension with the bulk surfactant concentration and the effect of the variation of hydrophobicity of models of un-charged surfactants on interfacial tension by mean of their coefficient partition. We established a method to properly study systems containing interfaces where interfacial tension is computed. Prospective work showed that DPD was a good tool to study microscopic phenomenon which can be observed macroscopically like the Ostwald ripening in oil in water emulsions. This is a first step before studying others systems of interest for the petroleum industry such as oil/water emulsion or the adsorption of oil droplets on rock wall
FábIán, Balázs. "Molecular Modeling of Interfacial Phenomena." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018UBFCD041.
Full textThe tools of numerical simulation enable the analysis of interfaces at themolecular scale, both in terms of their structure and their dynamic behavior.Thus, in my thesis work, I developed the PYTIM software that includes the mostpopular procedures for interfacial analysis at the molecular level, providing asolid foundation for research work on surfaces and interfaces.Using these methods, I investigated the dynamic behavior of molecules at theinterfaces of different biological and atmospheric systems of interest. Indoing so, I studied the correlation between the dynamics of molecules on thesurface and the corresponding intermolecular interactions. In addition, Iworked on the calculation of pressure profiles in simulated systems. Inparticular, the localization of an inherently non-local quantity, the pressure,represents a considerable technical difficulty. I have shown that the pressureprofiles can be calculated in systems containing point charges via the Harasimacontour with mesh Ewald methods (PME). Moreover, I showed how the rigidconstraints often used in simulations introduce a coupling between thetranslational degrees of freedom and the rotational degrees of freedom. Theconsequence of this coupling is that the kinetic energy tensor is no longerconstant, even in equilibrium systems, which -- if neglected -- can introducesignificant errors in the calculation of the surface tension.The methods developed during my thesis work provided means to study variousproblems, such as the distribution of the surface tension near the interface,the relation between the spinodal pressure and the minimum of the lateralpressure profile. They also enabled the investigation of the possible linksbetween the lateral pressure profiles and the mechanism of action of anestheticmolecules, thus providing a molecular basis for the hypothesis ofCantor.Finally, I also studied gas/solid equilibrium characterizing, by Monte Carlosimulation in the grand canonical ensemble, the trapping of ammonia moleculesin a clathrate under conditions of pressure and temperature representative ofextraterrestrial environments
Nguyen, Sébastien Thanh-Lâm. "Dynamique d'une interface en présence d'une singularité de contact solide/fluide." Paris 11, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01390365.
Full textThe research objective of this work is to achieve a physically relevant modeling removing velocity or vorticitysingularities which occur at solid/fluid junctions. These singularities are very common in a number of fluid flows(e. G. Lid-driven cavity corners, laterally heated liquid bridges, moving contact lines). It is well known that spectralmethods are very sensitive to singularities, and exhibit non physical oscillations (Gibbs Phenomenon) in the vicinityof a discontinuity. For this reason, when using such methods, singular boundary conditions have to be replaced by someregular condition obtained by explicitly filtering the discontinuity. It is less known that finite precision methods(e. G. Finite differences, finite volumes, finite elements), though allowing to keep the original conditions, introducesome implicit filter depending on the scale of discretization. In previous work, evidence was brought up that the localscale of filtering can play a determinant role on the global flow structure. It can, for instance, be responsible forsymmetry breaking of the solution in full zone liquid bridges simulations. Assuming that physics is regular, there must exist some mechanism that modifies the fluid's behavior in the region where the classical model fails. Two fundamental questions show up. First, what is the length of the small scale at which physics differs. Second, does there exist somemacroscopic model which can incorporate these local effects in numerical simulations of continuum. This thesis is devoted to address these two questions
Piedfert, Antoine Rémy. "Modélisation et simulations numériques de la dynamique des interfaces complexes." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2018. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19947/13/Piedfert_Antoine.pdf.
Full textHurisse, Olivier Pierre. "Couplage interfacial instationnaire de modèles diphasiques." Aix-Marseille 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX11009.
Full textThe primary coolant circuit in a nuclear power plant contains several distinct components (vessel, core, pipes,. . . ). For all components, specific codes based on the discretization of partial differential equations have already been developed. In order to obtain simulations for the whole circuit, the interfacial coupling of these codes is required. The approach examined within this work consists in oupling codes by providing unsteady information through the coupling interface. The numerical technique relies on the use of an interface model, which is combined with the basic strategy that was introduced by Greenberg and Leroux in order to compute approximations of steady solutions of non-homogeneous hyperbolic systems. Three different coupling cases have been examined: the coupling of a one-dimensional Euler system with a two-dimensional Euler system ;the coupling of two distinct homogeneous two-phase flow models; the coupling of a four-equation homogeneous model with the standard two-fluid model
Galié, Thomas. "Couplage interfacial de modèles en dynamique des fluides : application aux écoulements diphasiques." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00395593.
Full textRousset, François. "Influence de l'interphase sur les instabilités interfaciales dans les écoulements stratifiés de polymères." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10175.
Full textAdeline, Sylvère. "Etude expérimentale d'instabilités interfaciales d'un jet liquide par analyse d'image et transformée en ondelettes." Rouen, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999ROUES033.
Full textBoufarguine, Majdi. "Etude de la déformation de gouttes à interface et rhéologie complexes." Phd thesis, Université du Maine, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00954404.
Full textWeiss, Cédric. "Solidification dirigée d'alliages transparents 3D : dynamique de formation de la microstructure interfaciale en présence de convection naturelle." Aix-Marseille 3, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007AIX30019.
Full textDirectional solidification of bulk transparent alloys has been studied by optical means with direct observation and interferometry. Some experimental improvements have been done concerning the Bridgman furnace in order to control the interface curvature and also concerning the samples preparation. Interferogram analysis procedures have been developped allowing the characterization of the dendrites (tip radius and tip velocity). The effects of the interface curvature and the convection in the liquid phase have been studied in the cellular and the dendritic regimes. We have observed a cells advection phenomenon affected by the fluid flow in the melt. In dendritic growth, the microstructure is strongly affected by the interface curvature (orientation, shape factor). Finally, a specific device dedicated to the columnar-to-equiaxed transition study has been developped clarifying the role of the dendrites fragmentation in this process
Srivastava, Titiksha. "Ingénierie et contrôle dynamique des propriétés interfaciales dans les films ultra-minces pour ajuster les textures de spin magnétique." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY001/document.
Full textControl of interfacial magnetism has emerged to be of paramount importance for spintronics applications specially involving chiral magnetic structures called skyrmions. Skyrmions are envisaged to be the future information carriers owing to their solitonic properties. In heavy metal/ ferromagnet/ insulator heterostructures, skyrmions are stabilized by interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction which is an antisymmetric exchange and competes with other interactions like symmetric exchange and magnetic anisotropy. In order to tune skyrmions, the interfacial magnetic properties need to be modulated. One of the energy efficient tools to maneuver interfacial magnetism is electric field effect. Voltage gating has been shown, in a number of studies since 2009, to locally and dynamically tune magnetic properties like interface anisotropy and saturation magnetization. However, its effect on interfacial Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya Interaction (DMI), which is crucial for the stability of magnetic skyrmions, has been challenging to achieve and has not been reported yet for ultrathin films.This thesis demonstrates an optimization of trilayer systems consisting of a heavy metal/ ferromagnet/ oxide where skyrmions can be stabilized. In particular, I focussed on the Ta/FeCoB/TaOx system to nucleate skyrmions in the presence of very small out of plane magnetic field. Further, the different skyrmionic zones as a function of the FeCoB thickness and TaOx oxidation state are studied. We then show electric field induced modulation of interfacial DMI which forms the most important result of this thesis. We demonstrate 130% variation of DMI with electric field in Ta/FeCoB/TaOx trilayers through Brillouin Light Spectroscopy (BLS). Using polar Magneto-Optical-Kerr-Effect microscopy, we further show a monotonic variation of DMI and skyrmionic bubble size with electric field, with an unprecedented efficiency. Since the electric field acts mainly on the FeCoB/TaOx interface, this study also points at the existence of the Rashba DMI explaining its high sensitivity to an applied voltage. We anticipate through our observations that a sign reversal of DMI with electric field is possible, leading to a chirality switch. This dynamic manipulation of DMI establishes an additional degree of control to engineer programmable skyrmion based memory, logic or neuromorphic devices
Medjkoune, Mehdi. "Étude expérimentale des effets d’anisotropie interfaciale en solidification directionnelle d’alliages eutectiques Al-Al2Cu en échantillons minces." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://theses.hal.science/tel-03711395.
Full textWe present an experimental study of the effects of the anisotropy of the interphase boundaries on the lamellar growth dynamics during directional solidification of eutectic Al-Al2Cu alloys in thin samples. The coupled growth (locked or floating) is observed optically in real time, allowing the in situ monitoring of steady-state regimes and the control of initial stages. X-ray diffraction and EBSD were used to identify the orientation relationships (ORs) between the solid solution α (fcc) and the intermetallic θ (tetragonal) in large eutectic grains. In addition, synchrotron Laue microdiffraction (ESRF/BM32) has been successfully used for the first time in this field. In hypereutectic samples, we have identified a new family (type-C) of ORs involving a coincidence between a {123}α and a {100}θ planes, favored by the nucleation of θ on α. In hypereutectic samples, eutectic grains with so-called Beta-6 and Alpha-4 ORs arise via the nucleation of α on θ. The lamellae tend to lock onto a coincidence plane or a (100)α plane. We also observed that a weak mosaicity, negligible in θ but up to 5° in , was probably generated during solidification, and may present a propagative feature depending on the OR. The first experiments of rotational directional solidification allowed us to gain new information on the shape of the Wulff diagram of the interphase boundary in a type-C OR grain
Uguz, Kamuran Erdem. "Evaporative instability in binary mixtures." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112169/document.
Full textThis study focuses on understanding the physics of the convective flow resulting from evaporative instability in binary mixtures. This problem has wide applications in spin coating, film deposition, heat pipes, etc. where phase change and convection play a very important role in the design process and also final quality of the product. The physical system of interest consists of a liquid mixture underlying its own vapor sandwiched between two conducting plates with insulated sidewalls in a closed container. The conducting plates are used to apply a vertical temperature gradient while there is no applied concentration gradient in the system. Concentration gradients are induced by the different evaporation rate of the components. In this system it is important to understand how the fluid dynamics and the heat and mass transfer interact competitively to form patterns. The main goal of this work is to identify the conditions for the system going from the conductive no-flow state to a convection state when the applied vertical temperature gradient exceeds a certain value called the critical value.In the system convection arises due to three distinct phenomena; evaporation, density gradients, and interfacial tension gradients. These convective forces are opposed by the diffusion effects that try to keep the system in the conductive no-flow state. The onset point depends upon several variables such as the dimensions of the container, thermo-physical properties of both liquid and vapor phases, mass fraction, and the characteristic of the disturbance given to the system. The effects of each of these variables on the onset point are investigated both in the presence and in the absence of gravity. To represent the physics a complete non-linear mathematical model is developed including momentum, energy, and mass balances in both phases with appropriate boundary conditions. The binary mixture is assumed to be made up of two low weight alcohols such as ethanol and sec-butanol. In the modeling equations the density and the interfacial tension are taken to be function of both temperature and concentration. To identify the onset point the non-linear equations are linearized around a known base state. In this case the base state is the conductive no-flow state. The resulting set of linear equations is solved using a spectral Chebyshev collocation method. Four major results arise from this work. First, in a multi-component system in the absence of gravity, an instability arises only when the system is heated from the vapor side as opposed to evaporation in a single-component. The implication is that evaporative processes in thin layers or in micro-gravity are best conducted with heat from the liquid side if instabilities are to be avoided.Second, in the presence of gravity, a multi-component system may become unstable no matter the direction of heating. If thermal buoyancy is negligible then it is shown in this study that heating from the vapor side is the unstable arrangement. Otherwise either heating style can produce an instability. This result means that the applied temperature difference must be kept below a threshold in order to avoid flow instabilities no matter the heating direction.Third, whenever instability occurs in the absence of gravity, patterns will not result in the case of a pure component but may result in the case of multi-components. Likewise, patterns will result when gravity is taken into account provided the aspect ratio of the container lies in a suitable range. As a result, aspect ratios can be chosen to avoid multi-cellular patterns even if convective flow instabilities arise during evaporation.Lastly, oscillations are not ordinarily predicted despite opposing effects of solutaland thermal convection in the evaporation problem
Vu, Van Huyen. "Modélisation hybride et multi-échelle pour la simulation des écoulements et des transferts thermiques dans les micro-canaux." Thesis, Paris Est, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PESC1163/document.
Full textThe main objective of this thesis is to model the multi-scale heat and fluid flows in micro-/nano channels. This method must be able of capturing at the same time the fluid/solid interaction at the small scale but also the flows induced by the inlet/outlet boundary conditions at the large scale. To this aim, we have adopted an approach coupling the continuum model in the bulks of the channel and the discrete model at the vicinity of the wall, based on an atomistic representation of the fluid and the solid.The Navier-Stokes and energy equations, coupled with an equation of state, are approximated by a finite volume method and the molecular dynamics simulations are used to finely represent the interaction between the fluid and the solid. This hybrid method requires information transmission between the former two regions: averaged quantity in molecular dynamics simulations are imposed as boundary conditions for the continuous model and constrained dynamics, coupled with a thermostat Langevin, is used to control in the molecular level. A set of small molecular dynamics blocks, smartly distributed all along the wall/fluid interface, allows to treat flow and heat transfers in a long micro/nano-channel with a reasonable computational cost.After a validation step, the hybrid multi-scale simulations of complex fluid flows in the channel composed of the platinum wall have been conducted for argon in incompressible liquid or compressible gaseous phase with and without phase change in the vicinity of the wall
Degonville, Maximilien. "Etude numérique de la dynamique sous écoulement de gouttes et vésicules avec viscosités de surface." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0751/document.
Full textThere are many fluid systems in the biology, food industry, pharmacology or cosmestics fields that are bound by an interface which mechanical properties rule the system stability. Objects like droplets, vesicles or polymersomes change their shape in a simple flow which lead to a wealth of space and time dynamics. These properties are controlled by the nature of the interface material. The aim of this work is the numerical study of the deformation of droplets, vesicles and polymersomes in a Stokes flow, especially when the interfacial viscosities play an important role. A numerical computation code coupling boundary integrals and finite elements was used to describe the interfacial physics of these objects and study their behaviour when immerged in a flow. Multiple resolution strategies where developped to this end in order to optimize the numerical computation in the cas of an interface with viscosities.Using this work, the influence of interfacial viscosities on the dynamics of a droplet in an extensional flow is studied : in particular, their influence on the stretching dynamics of a droplet and its break up conditions was characterized. The study of a vesicle, droplet bounded by a lipid bilayer, strongly deflated and immerged in a shear flow detailed the bifurcation between two shape types existing for this system. These shapes have an influence on the vesicle dynamics under flow, which is studied for an unbounded flow and a near-wall flow. Finally, we show first results about the dynamics of a polymersome in a shear flow. We used them to build a phase diagram for the behaviour of this object depending on the membrane viscosity and the shear rate
Bukiet, Frédéric. "Influence de la modification de l'hypochlorite de sodium par adjonction de tensioactifs sur l'énergie interfaciale et la viscosité dynamique de la solution d'irrigation." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON12201/document.
Full textThe complexity of the root canal anatomy requires an efficient irrigation protocol. Sodium hypochlorite must penetrate in the whole of the endodontic system in order to be strongly active in terms of antiseptic and solvant properties. Therefore, the use of surfactants mixed to sodium hypochlorite is a promising approach to enhance the penetration depth and the spreading of endodontic irrigant within the root canal. The purpose of this thesis based on two international publications is to study the influence of surfactant addition to sodium hypochlorite on its surface tension and dynamic viscosity. The first chapter describes the different stakes, issues and irrigation techniques thanks to a critical review of the literature. The second chapter focuses on hydrodynamics and wetting properties especially surface energy, critical micellar concentration, dynamic viscosity and flow regimen. After a description of the theoretical aspects and the potential applications in root canal therapy, all the materials and methods used in this thesis are detailed in the third chapter. The fourth chapter describes the influence of surfactant addition on the wettability of endodontic irrigant on the basis of a preliminary study and several additional studies that led to a first international publication. The fifth chapter describes the influence of surfactant addition on the dynamic viscosity of endodontic irrigant and its flow regimen on the basis of a study which led to a second international publication.The final chapter of this thesis constitues the conclusion of this work and the associated prospects regarding this topic
Raja, Anwar. "Influence de la composition du brut pétrolier sur les propriétés interfaciales gaz-huile, particulièrement dans le cas des bruts paraffiniques en présence de CO2." Lyon 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LYO10039.
Full textSchurhammer, Rachel. "Simulations par dynamique moléculaire de la solvatation et du comportement interfacial d'espèces hydrophobes : application à l'hypothèse TATB et à l'extraction liquide/liquide de cations par le CO2 supercritique." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13155.
Full textBesson, Rémy. "Simulation à l'échelle atomique de quelques propriétés volumiques et interfaciales d'alliages ordonnés fer-aluminium." Grenoble INPG, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPG4201.
Full textMalinenko, Alla. "Effet d’ion specifique sur l’auto-assemblage d’amphiphiles cationiques : des approches experimentale et informatique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0065/document.
Full textThe present study is a holistic approach focused on the investigation of ion specific effects on the self-assembly properties of cationic gemini surfactants. Our main focus was on the effect of various counterions on the self-organization features of cationic surfactants in aqueous solution. In order to obtain amore comprehensive understanding of the effect of interfacial ionic and molecular interactions on aggregate properties we used different approaches. We combined an experimental study focused on the bulk solution properties (critical micelle concentration, ionization degree, aggregation number, etc.), with approaches focused on investigating the interfacial micellar properties by analyzing the interfacial counterion and waterconcentrations, experimentally (chemical trapping) and computationally (molecular dynamic simulations). Moreover, the impact of counterion nature was investigated by studying the growth of wormlike micelles using rheology. Besides the examination of the surfactants properties in solution, the ion specific effects onthe crystalline structures of gemini surfactants were studied.We found that ion specific effects which determine the behavior of micellar aggregates of cationic quaternary ammonium gemini in aqueous solutions strongly depend on the free energy of hydration of the counterions, in others words, on their hydrophilic/hydrophobic properties. Contrarily to aqueous solution, in crystals, the size of the ion becomes the determining factor. Comparison of the results obtained for the same system in aqueous solution and in solid state showed the importance of ion-water interactions in ion specific effects. However, one should note that the properties of substrate (the gemini in our case) should be taken into account not less carefully in order to fully predict Hofmeister effects
Neyt, Jean-Claude. "Calcul de la tension interfaciale de mélanges gaz / eau, gaz / huile et huile / eau par simulation moléculaire." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00962483.
Full textBAUGET, FABRICE. "PRODUCTION D'HUILES LOURDES PAR DÉPRESSURISATION : ÉTUDE DES INTERFACES HUILE-AIR ET MODÉLISATION DU PROCÉDÉ." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00006787.
Full textRachel, Schurhammer. "Simulations par dynamique moléculaire de la solvatation et du comportement interfacial d'espèces hydrophobes.Application à l'hypothèse TATB et à l'extraction liquide/liquide de cations par le CO2 supercritique." Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292205.
Full textLa première partie concerne l'hypothèse TATB qui suppose que les deux ions AsΦ4+ (TA+) et BΦ4- (TB-) ont la même énergie de solvatation dans tout solvant. Nous avons montré que les deux ions étaient solvatés différemment dans des liquides purs (eau, chloroforme, acétonitrile) ainsi qu'à une interface chloroforme / eau. Des calculs de différences d'énergie libre de transfert ont confirmé cette tendance, de même que des simulations sur des ions "hypothétiques" S+ et S-, analogues sphériques de AsΦ4+ et BΦ4- qui répondent exactement aux critères de l'hypothèse. De nombreux tests méthodologiques ont été effectués et ont permis de montrer l'importance (i) d'une description correcte des interactions à "longue distance", (ii) de la répartition précise des charges atomiques et (iii) du modèle de solvant utilisé notamment pour l'eau, sur la différence de solvatation de "gros" ions hydrophobes selon leur charge.
La seconde partie décrit les premières simulations avec le CO2 supercritique dans le cadre de l'extraction liquide / liquide de cations métalliques. Nous avons étudié le comportement d'ions (Cs+, UO22+, Eu3+), de molécules extractantes (tri-n-butylphosphate, calixarène), de complexes de ces cations avec ces molécules extractantes et d'acide nitrique à une interface préformée CO2 / eau et lors de simulations de séparation de phase, en partant de solutions binaires homogènes CO2 / eau. Ces études démontrent l'importance des phénomènes interfaciaux, des conditions de simulations, ainsi que de la concentration en acide et en extractant, dans les processus d'extraction vers le CO2 supercritique.
Graebling, Didier. "Comportement rheologique des melanges de polymeres incompatibles a l'etat fondu." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990STR13090.
Full textSalkin, Louis. "Création, stabilité et rupture d'interfaces fluides." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01070794.
Full textSteinmetz, David. "Représentation d'une huile dans des simulations mésoscopiques pour des applications EOR." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS521.
Full textChemical enhanced oil recovery techniques consist of injecting into a petroleum reservoir an Alkaline/Surfactant/Polymer formulation. This formulation aims at mobilizing the oil trapped in the reservoir by reducing the water/crude oil interfacial tension. Molecular simulations are adapted to improve the efficiency of such a process by providing information about phenomena occurring at the molecular and mesoscopic levels. Mesoscopic simulation methods, Dissipative Particle Dynamics and coarse grained Monte Carlo, have been used to quantitatively predict the water/crude interfacial tension. An approach to parameterize interactions between entities has been developed using liquid-liquid ternary systems. This approach has been validated to reproduce compositions of bulk phases and to quantitatively predict the interfacial tension. A representation methodology of crude oil has been developed. The crude oil was divided according to the number of carbon atoms into two fractions: C20- and C20+. A lumping approach was applied to the C20- fraction and a stochastic reconstruction approach was employed on the C20+ fraction. A crude oil representation with only 13 representative molecules was so-obtained. Simulations of the parameterized crude oil model provides interfacial tension values that are in good agreement with available experimental data
Souzy, Nicolas. "Experimental study and improvement of mass transfer in vertical bubble columns." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO10201/document.
Full textBubble column are involved in many industrial fields ranging from chemical industry to mineral processing. It recently became an industrial stake for the production of micro-algae intended for medicinal use, food or energy: the oxygen and carbon dioxide concentrations can be controlled via the efficient mass transfer induced by the significant gas-liquid interfaciale area into the bubble column. Firstly, experimental closed-loop study has been carried out to simulate the passage of gas in a succession of columns in series. The associated theoretical model confirms the critical importance of the bubble diameter for mass transfer.Therefore, an innovative Micro-Bubble Generator (MBG) has been designed and tested. The prototype is able to produce micro-bubbles of average diameter Dbubble = 0.252 mm. The invention has been officially declared. The last chapter aims at improving data treatment methods for Planar Laser-Induced Fluorescence (PLIF), which enables to obtain experimentally mass transfer coefficient kl through concentration measurements. The first presented correction takes into account variations of the fluorescence extinction due to pH during the calibration step, and has been evaluated on CO2 concentration measurement in the wake of a free rising bubble. The second proposed correction should be applied when the length in the measurement region over which pH variations are observed increases: variations of the extinction coefficient will affect the local incident light intensity and therefore the measurements. The need for this correction has been illustrated on a test case in the wake of a cloud of free rising bubbles
Scheid, Benoît. "Evolution and stability of falling liquid films with thermocapillary effects." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/211185.
Full textIn the first part, we further investigate the Benney equation in its validity domain in the case of periodically inhomogeneous heating in the streamwise direction. It induces steady-state deformations of the free surface with increased transfer rate in regions where the film is thinner, and also in average. The inhomogeneities of the heating also modify the nature of travelling wave solutions at moderate temperature gradients and allows for suppressing wave motion at larger ones.
Moreover, large temperature gradients (for instance positive ones) in the streamwise direction produce large local film thickening that may in turn become unstable with respect to transverse disturbances such that the flow may organize in rivulet-like structures. The mechanism of such instability is elucidated via an energy analysis. The main features of the rivulet pattern are described experimentally and recovered by direct numerical simulations.
In the second part, various models are obtained, which are valid for larger Reynolds numbers than the Benney equation and account for second-order viscous and inertial effects. We then elaborate a strategy to select the optimal model in terms of linear stability properties and existence of nonlinear solutions (solitary waves), for the widest possible range of parameters. This model -- called reduced model -- is a system of three coupled evolution equations for the local film thickness h, the local flow rate q and the surface temperature Ts. Solutions of this model indicate that the interaction of the hydrodynamic and thermocapillary modes is non-trivial, especially in the region of large-amplitude solitary waves.
Finally, the three-dimensional evolution of the solutions of the reduced model in the presence of periodic forcing and noise compares favourably with available experimental data in isothermal conditions and with direct numerical simulations in non-isothermal conditions.
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Cette thèse analyse la dynamique d'un film mince s'écoulant le long d'une paroi chauffée. Le chauffage crée des gradients de tension superficielle qui induisent des tensions thermocapillaires à la surface libre, altérant ainsi la stabilité et l'évolution du film. Grâce à la cohérence de l'écoulement assurée par la viscosité, deux approches permettant de réduire la dimensionnalité du problème original sont habituellement considérées suivant le débit (mesuré par le nombre de Reynolds): l'approximation asymptotique dite `longues ondes' pour les faibles nombres de Reynolds et l'approximation `intégrale couche limite' pour les nombres de Reynolds modérés. Cependant, la première approximation souffre de singularités et la dernière de prédictions imprécises du seuil de stabilité des ondes hydrodynamiques à la surface du film. Le but de cette thèse est donc double: dans une première partie, il s'agit de déterminer, de manière quantitative, la validité de l'équation d'évolution `longues ondes' (ou équation de Benney) pour l'épaisseur du film h, en y incluant l'effet thermocapillaire; et dans une seconde partie, il s'agit d'améliorer l'approche `intégrale couche limite' en combinant un développement en gradients avec une méthode aux résidus pondérés.
Dans la première partie, nous étudions l'équation de Benney, dans son domaine de validité, dans le cas d'un chauffage inhomogène et périodique dans la direction de l'écoulement. Cela induit des déformations permanentes de la surface libre avec un accroissement du transfert de chaleur dans les régions où le film est plus mince, mais aussi en moyenne. Un chauffage inhomogène modifie également la nature des solutions d'ondes progressives pour des gradients de températures modérés et conduit même à leur suppression pour des gradients de températures plus importants. De plus, ceux-ci, lorsqu'ils sont par exemple positifs le long de l'écoulement, produisent des épaississements localisés du film qui peuvent à leur tour devenir instables par rapport à des perturbations suivant la direction transverse à l'écoulement. Ce dernier s'organise alors sous forme d'une structure en rivulets. Le mécanisme de cette instabilité est élucidé via une analyse énergétique des perturbations. Les principales caractéristiques des structures en rivulets sont décrites expérimentalement et retrouvées par l'intermédiaire de simulations numériques.
Dans la seconde partie, nous dérivons une famille de modèles valables pour des nombres de Reynolds plus grands que l'équation de Benney, qui prennent en compte les effets visqueux et inertiels du second ordre. Nous élaborons ensuite une stratégie pour sélectionner le modèle optimal en fonction de ses propriétés de stabilité linéaire et de l'existence de solutions non-linéaires (ondes solitaires), et ce pour la gamme de paramètres la plus large possible. Ce modèle -- appelé modèle réduit -- est un système de trois équations d'évolution couplées pour l'épaisseur locale de film h, le débit local q et la température de surface Ts. Les solutions de ce modèle indiquent que l'interaction des modes hydrodynamiques et thermocapillaires n'est pas triviale, spécialement dans le domaine des ondes solitaires de grande amplitude. Finalement, l'évolution tri-dimensionnelle des solutions du modèle réduit en présence d'un forçage périodique ou d'un bruit se compare favorablement aux données expérimentales disponibles en conditions isothermes, ainsi qu'aux simulations numériques directes en conditions non-isothermes
Doctorat en sciences appliquées
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
Lavalle, Gianluca. "Modélisation d'un film liquide cisaillé par un écoulement de gaz par une approche intégrale." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ESAE0051/document.
Full textIn many aerospace applications one can find liquid films sheared by a gas flow. In example, these liquid sheets can develop on aircraft wings, freeze and then destroy the aerodynamics performances. Waves can develop at the liquid-gas interface, and the correct analysis of such instabilities becomes very important to model this physical phenomenon. Indeed, instabilities mdify liquid-gas exchanges, such as mass and heat transfers. The aim of the present work consists in developing a technique to couple the liquid phase to the gas phase in order to reproduce the interactions at the interface. Since the liquid layer is much thinner then the gas, anintegral approach is used for modeling. Finally, two cases of a two-phase flow developing in a strictly confined channel and in a large channel are studied. Results are then compared to other reference methods which are more expensive in terms of computational cost
Zhang, Qindan. "Écoulements polyphasiques et phénomènes interfaciaux à multi échelles." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LORR0110.
Full textMultiphase flows and interfacial phenomena are widely involved in the natural world, our daily life, and numerous industrial processes. By employing three different techniques including a high-speed camera, an ultra-high-speed Direct Current (DC) electrical device, and a high-speed micro-Particle Image Velocimetry (micro-PIV), the multiphase flows and interfacial phenomena at multiscale were investigated experimentally by both passive and active methods. The flow behaviors of the elastic non-Newtonian two-phase flow in both T-junction and flow-focusing devices were investigated. The fluid elasticity affected the dynamics of droplet formation, stretching and breakup. During the droplet formation, the peculiar beads-on-string flow was observed. The influences of the fluid elasticity on the minimum neck width, the maximum length of the dispersed thread and the droplet size were studied. The predicting models for the droplet size were optimized by introducing the dimensionless parameters to characterize the fluid elasticity. For the stretching and breakup of elastic droplets, the influences of elasticity on the transition from droplet stretching to breakup, the dynamics of droplet stretching and breakup as well as the size ratio of the daughter droplets were also investigated. The power-law models were proposed to predict the maximum stretching length. Subsequently, the initial coalescence of a pendant drop at a liquid surface and the initial spreading on a solid surface were investigated. The ultra-high-speed DC electrical device with the sampling speed of 1.25×106 Hz allows to monitoring the dynamics of coalescence and spreading within 10 µs. The coalescing width expands linearly with time in the inertially limited viscous regime and follows a power law in the inertial regime. The evolutions of the velocity fields during the initial coalescence and spreading were measured and computed by the high-speed micro-PIV with a capturing rate up to 5000 velocity fields per second, revealing the transformation of surface energy to kinetic energy. Besides, the consecutive electrical peaks with a regular interval of 20 ms were observed during the filament thinning of the polymer liquid neck. In addition, the active manipulation of the ferrofluid drop was realized by introducing an external magnetic field. Evident deformations of both the pendant ferrofluid drop and the bulk surface were observed prior to the contact even in the absence of a magnetic field. The exponential laws were proposed to predict the increasing coalescing width with time and the decreasing maximum coalescing width with the magnetic field. A high-speed micro-PIV technique was employed with a transparent model fluid to reveal the flow fields during the ferrofluid drop coalescence. The self-sustained coalescence-breakup cycles of ferrofluid drops were observed for the first time. The exponential model was proposed to predict the increasing periodic frequency with the applied magnetic field
Roché, Matthieu. "Rupture d'interfaces en présence d'agents de surface." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00407180.
Full textAkrout, Ali. "Modélisation numérique du comportement vibro-acoustique des systèmes doubles vitrages feuilletés." Compiègne, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008COMP1792.
Full textThe main objective of this work is to develop a finite element approach for the modelization of the laminated double glazing acoustic transparency. A literature review study on both laminated double glazing vibro-acoustic behaviour and numerical resolution approach of fluid structure coupled system is presented. The study of laminated dynamical behaviour allows developing a new laminate model including an ultra-thin film at the skin's interface. Furthermore, based on the viscoelastic behaviour of polymer materials, a dynamic model of the double glazing clamping joint can be investigated. Also, a mathematical model for a thin viscothermal fluid cavity is established and allows obtaining a dimensional dynamic equation. The discretization of the energy functional by finite elements method gives after minimization a non linear symetrical coupled matrix system requiring the development of an iterative model approach for its resolution. The study of the acoustic radiation problem in the case of laminated double glazing system excited by harmonic uniform normal external pressure applied on the first plate shows, via the calculation of the transmission (TL) of the coupled system, the efficiency of the laminated double glazing on the acoustic insulation. Numerical results showed the reduced vibration's amplitude of a laminated glass with ultra-thin film compared to the one without taking into account the shear interfacial stress and the importance of viscothermal fluid effects on double glazing vibroacoustic behaviour
Guillemaud, Vincent. "Modélisation et simulation numérique des écoulements diphasiques par une approche bifluide à deux pressions." Phd thesis, Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00169178.
Full textDans un premier temps, on élabore un cadre thermodynamique théorique pour décrire les écoulements liquide-vapeur. Dans ce cadre, on réalise la fermeture du modèle de Baer et Nunziato. De nouvelles modélisations sont proposées pour les termes d'interaction entre les phases. Ces nouvelles modélisations dotent le modèle bifluide à deux pressions d'une inégalité d'entropie. On étudie ensuite les propriétés mathématiques de ce modèle. Sa partie convective hyperbolique se présente sous une forme non-conservative. On étudie tout d'abord la définition de ses solutions faibles. Divers régimes d'écoulement sont alors mis à jour pour le mélange diphasique. Ces différents régimes d'écoulement présentent des analogies avec le comportement fluvial et torrentiel des écoulements en rivière. Les stabilités linéaire et non-linéaire de l'équilibre liquide-vapeur sont ensuite établies. Pour affiner notre description des interactions diphasiques, on étudie pour finir l'implémentation d'un modèle de turbulence, ainsi que l'implémentation d'une procédure de reconstruction pour la densité d'aire interfaciale.
On s'intéresse ensuite à la simulation de ce modèle. Suivant une approche à pas fractionnaires, une méthode numérique est élaborée dans un formalisme Volumes Finis. Pour réaliser l'approximation de la partie convective, diverses adaptations non-conservatives de solveurs de Riemann standard sont tout d'abord proposées. A l'inverse du cadre non-conservatif classique, l'ensemble de ces schémas converge vers une unique solution. Un nouveau schéma de relaxation est ensuite proposé pour approcher la dynamique des transferts interfaciaux. L'ensemble de la méthode numérique se caractérise alors par la préservation des équilibres liquide-vapeur. Dans un premier temps, cette méthode numérique est employée à la comparaison des différentes modélisations bifluides à une et deux pressions. On l'applique ensuite à la simulation des écoulements liquide-vapeur dans les circuits hydrauliques des réacteurs à eau sous pression en configuration accidentelle.
Koishi, Ayumi. "Mécanismes de nucléation des carbonates." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAU032/document.
Full textPrecipitation and dissolution of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) are key processes in both natural and engineered systems due to their intimate association with the Earth’s carbon cycle. Precipitation usually occurs on foreign substrates since they lower the energetic barriers controlling nucleation events. This so-called heterogeneous nucleation results from the interplay between the fluid supersaturation and the interfacial free energies present at the substrate-nucleus-fluid interfaces. Despite the relevance of interfacial energies for the fate of heterogeneous nucleation, the current literature remains scarce in their absolute values, which limits the accuracy of reactive transport modelling. Of particular relevance to the carbon cycle, the formation of biominerals accounts for a major reservoir of the carbonate minerals in the lithosphere. Recent studies have revealed the existence of multistep nucleation pathways that involve formation of amorphous calcium carbonate (ACC), a metastable intermediate during the early stages of biomineral formation. Such amorphous precursors allow molding of the intricate shapes of biominerals, while their stability and crystallization kinetics are effectively controlled by multiple factors. Elucidating the underlying mechanisms is beneficial for the development of biomimetic materials.The first goal of this dissertation is to develop a predictive understanding of interfacial energy values governing CaCO3 heterogeneous nucleation as a function of specific physico-chemical properties of the substrates, such as hydrophobicity. This last was investigated using phlogopite, a common mica, with and without fluorine substitution yielding hydrophobic and hydrophilic substrates. In situ time-resolved Grazing-Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering experiments were performed to obtain effective interfacial energy values. Interestingly, the extracted values for both substrates were similar, and thermodynamically these substrates provide a good template for nucleation, but the pathways differ. By ex situ Atomic Force Microscopy characterization, the hydrophilic substrate was shown to promote the formation and stabilization of ACC, whereas the hydrophobic one favored the formation of calcite. These results point to the intrinsic structural flexibility of CaCO3 and its advantage in heterogeneous nucleation processes.The second goal is to provide an atomistic description of the substrate hydrophobicity/hydrophilicity. Water adsorption on phlogopite was studied in situ using Near-Ambient Pressure X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy to investigate the effect of fluorine substitution and the influence of different types of counterions (K+, Na+ vs. Cs+). The results of the spectroscopy experiments were further interpreted using molecular dynamics simulations and bond-valence theory. The combination of these techniques shows that the substrate hydrophobicity stems from a competition between two factors: hydration of counterions vs. that of substrate.The final goal is to study the molecular mechanisms by which Mg2+, a common impurity in biogenic amorphous precursors, increases the kinetic persistence of ACC. Inelastic Incoherent Neutron Scattering and X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy were combined to elucidate the nanoscale dynamics of water and ions within ACC. The presence of Mg2+ was shown to enhance the atomic diffusion within the solid while simultaneously increasing the stiffness of the hydrogen bond network. These counter-intuitive results are addressed by considering the different factors included in the pre-exponential term of the nucleation rate equation within the framework of the classical nucleation theory. Overall, the results point to the importance of water as a kinetic stabilizer, and to the existence of steric barriers that lower the crystallization rate
Galliéro, Guillaume. "Simulation moléculaire des propriétés thermophysiques et du comportement de fluides modèles.Application aux problèmes d'intérêt pétrolier." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00356341.
Full textLes premiers travaux réalisés ont porté essentiellement sur la simulation numérique de la DM appliquée à l'étude de la thermodiffusion, ou effet Soret, en fluide libre et en milieu poreux. De ce travail est notamment ressortit que le confinement géométrique n'affecte pas le facteur de thermodiffusion et que l'effet Soret dans les mélanges d'alcanes est principalement du à un effet de masse.
Dans l'optique mentionnée dans l'introduction, trois thèmes ont été ensuite abordés. Deux thèmes ont trait à la dynamique moléculaire classique, l'un concernant l'influence de la description des interactions sur les propriétés thermophysiques dans les fluides et l'autre la simulation/modélisation de propriétés de transport du fluide de Lennard-Jones et son application aux corps réels. En particulier il a été montré qu'un état correspondant existait entre les potentiels de type Mie et Exponentiel au niveau des propriétés de transport et que Lennard-Jones (LJ) était un bon compromis pour les corps simples. De même ont été développées des corrélations basées sur le fluide de LJ permettant d'estimer les propriétés de transport. Cette approche s'est avérée particulièrement efficace quant à l'estimation de la viscosité des gaz acides (H2S, CO2). Le troisième thème concerne la modélisation macroscopique de la dynamique de fluides multiconstituants en milieux poreux pour lequel une approche de type équation Darcy généralisée par espèce a été proposée.
Les activités en cours concernent la prédiction/modélisation de fluides plus complexes avec ou sans interfaces mais également des aspects liés aux simulations multi-échelles/multi-physiques au travers d'un couplage direct entre mécanique des fluides numérique et DM. En particulier à été proposée une approche permettant l'étude de la thermogravitation dans les gisements par simulation moléculaire.
Kuidjo, Kuidjo Emmanuel Vianney. "Towards a predictive model to reproduce flow regime transitions in gas-liquid flows with Neptune CFD : from a dispersed to a separated regime." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0456.
Full textIn nuclear reactors, several regimes of gas-liquid flows may occur with some transitions between them. The main challenges associated with simulating these transitions in 3D CFD codes are associated with deformable interfaces of different sizes, accounting for coalescence and breakup interactions between gas structures and developing flow regime independent closure relations. This work aims at modelling and simulating the hydrodynamics of adiabatic gas-liquid flows thanks to a three-field two-fluid model in Neptune CFD. In a first step, a model with one continuous liquid field and two dispersed gas fields for small and large bubbles is used to simulate cap and churn flows with a void fraction up to 0.5 and a focus is put on the interfacial area prediction. In a second step, the second dispersed field is replaced by a hybrid continuous/dispersed field representing both large bubbles and continuous gas regions. The model is validated on several flow regimes in large diameter pipes and in confined rectangular channels
Lastakowski, Henri. "Impacts de gouttes sur coussins d'air : surfaces super-hydrophobes, chaudes ou mobiles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00991489.
Full textPainmanakul, Pisut. "Analyse locale du transfert de matière associé à la formation de bulles générées par différents types d'orifices dans différentes phases liquides Newtoniennes : étude expérimentale et modélisation." Toulouse, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAT0015.
Full textA large number of technical applications in water treatment, metallurgy, medicine, and a variety of chemical engineering processes are based on mass transfer unit operation involving a dispersion of the gas bubble into the liquid phase (gas bubble reactors). In this study, the objective is to understand the parameters which control the mass transfer efficiency and thus control the reactor performances used in the industrial operating condition. Firstly, by using the membrane gas sparger comparison techniques (image analysis), the influence of different membrane characteristics on the mass transfer efficiency and on the power consumption is observed. Then, the effect of physical chemistry (surfactant and wine) has been studied in term of the generated bubble sizes and forms, the bubble formation frequency, the terminal bubble rising velocity, the drag coefficient and thus the interfaciale area (a). Regarding to the study of mass transfer, the new experimental method for determining the local volumetric mass transfer coefficient (kLa) has been proposed. The liquid side mass transfer coefficient (kL) can be then deduced from the dissociation of kLa by a obtained experimentally. Finally, an original kL determination model based on the bubble physical properties and the physical chemistry of liquid phase has been proposed to provide a better understanding of this parameter
Nicolas, Jean-Pierre. "A Molecular Dynamics study of interfaces: from pure liquids to biological membranes." Phd thesis, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00003971.
Full text- L'implémentation a été testée sur un système d'interface modèle simple: interface liquide-vapeur d'alcanes. Les résultats donnent une estimation très correcte des tensions interfaciales.
- Nous avons alors étudié une interface entre deux liquides immiscibles, et comparé nos résultats avec les prédictions issues de la théorie des ondes capillaires. Nous proposons une explication du désaccord constaté.
- Ensuite, nous avons etudié la dynamique moléculaire de la surfactine (biosurfactant) à l'interface eau-hexane, en fonction de la concentration interfaciale.
- Enfin, nous avons etudié la topologie et le profil de pression latérale de membranes de tétraetherlipides, en fonction de la stéréochimie des cyclopentanes présents dans le domaine hydrophobique de la membrane.