Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamique du proton'
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Vuilleumier, Rodolphe. "Transport et spectroscopie du proton en solution aqueuse : une etude de dynamique moleculaire." Paris 6, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998PA066644.
Full textVerdiere, Jérémy. "Étude de propriétés photophysiques de protéines fluorescentes par dynamique moléculaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS450/document.
Full textFluorescent proteins are widely used in biology studies since 20 years. Yet, the origin of their photophysical properties aren’t totally explained. Here, we try to improve the understanding of two particular fluorescent proteins: Padron and EosFP.In the protein Padron, we work on the isomerization of chromophore and try to determine whether isomerization and protonation are simultaneous or successive processes. During the isomerization, the potential donor is Tyr159.First, we show that, in vacuum, the proton transfer is quite unlikely whatever the chromophore geometry.In the protein (where the environment effect isn’t negligible) we evidence with molecular dynamics that, during isomerization, proton transfer stays marginal.In addition, these dynamics shown the appearance, at the end of isomerization, of a lot of water molecules channel between the chromophore and the solvent allowing a proton transfer. We conclude that isomerization and protonation are successive processes.In the case of the protein EosFP, we first analyze the effect of a water molecule which is found only in some of the crystallographic structures.Molecular dynamics of the protein with the chromophore in the ground state show that the water molecule doesn’t play any role neither in the hydrogen bond network nor in the absorption spectra.On the contrary, in the excited state, dynamics without this water show a significant faster decay of fluorescence that those with the molecule.In addition, those dynamics have demonstrate that during long period, the protein retains the chromophore in geometries in which it is unable to convert to the ground state, neither by fluorescence nor by internal conversion. Those “dark” geometries play a crucial role in the photophysics.To take them into account, we calculate the quantum yield and the fluorescence lifetime by direct integration along trajectories and by a kinetic scheme. We obtain a good qualitative agreement with the two methods
Avallone, Niccolo. "Hydrogen dynamics in solids : quantum diffusion and plastic phase transition in hydrates under pressure." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS622.
Full textAtomic-scale simulations of ammonia hydrates pose major theoretical and numerical challenges for several reasons. The description of disordered and/or frustrated systems requires large-scale simulations (several thousand atoms on nanosecond time scales). This makes impossible to use ab initio methods to describe interatomic interactions. Moreovere, the presence of hydrogen leads to a highly complex phase diagram. The specific properties of hydrogen bonds between water and ammonia molecules explain the plasticity, proton jumps produce ionic phases, and at high pressures, the quantum behavior of protons is not negligible: the usual molecular dynamics approximation, which treats atomic nuclei as classical objects, is no longer valid. After a theoretical chapter on the simulation techniques used, the second chapter of this work deals with the problem of proton diffusion in a solid, taking nuclear quantum effects into account. Two main classes of molecular dynamics methods are compared, i.e. quantum bath methods (QTB/adQTB), based on the generalized Langevin equation, and methods derived from the quantum mechanical path integral formalism ((T)RPMD). The aim is to determine which method would be the most accurate and numerically the least expensive for studying proton hopping and diffusion in ammonia hydrates. The (T)RPMD method appears to approximately meet this objective, while the QTB/adQTB methods considerably overestimate diffusion. However, their low computational cost does not completely exclude them from the study of the quantum properties of these systems. The third chapter presents a theoretical study of the crystal-plastic phase transition in ammonia hemihydrate, between 2GPa and 10GPa, and between 300K and 600K. The experimental results show the appearance of plastic and disordered phases, although they do not provide a complete explanation of the mechanisms behind the phase transitions. We mainly use classical molecular dynamics, coupled with force fields, to simulate 100,000 atoms on time scales of tens of nanoseconds. Our results correctly localize the phase transition and detect the change from a monoclinic crystal to a disordered molecular alloy with a bcc cell, which melts at very high temperatures. Furthermore, we can explain how the hydrogen bonding network evolves with temperature, and characterize the plastic phase in terms of the orientational disorder of the molecular dipoles. Finally, we have determined the molecular diffusion that occurs at and above the transition, enabling the formation of the water-ammonia alloy predicted by the experiments. Nuclear quantum effects have been tested by adQTB and (T)RPMD methods, assessing which properties are most affected by the quantum nature of hydrogen atoms
Desgranges, Lionel. "Evolution structurale et dynamique du proton dans l'hydroxyde de calcium Ca(oh)#2 : Lionel Desgranges." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS041.
Full textGiudice, Emmanuel. "Etude par dynamique moléculaire des aspects énergétiques et conformationnels des déformations de la double hélice d'ADN en fonction de sa séquence de bases." Paris 6, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA066139.
Full textAmir, Wafa. "Spectroscopie infrarouge résolue en temps pour l'étude de la dynamique femtoseconde du proton en phase liquide." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2003. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00000700.
Full textAgostini, Federica. "Etude du processus de transfert d'un proton en excès dans l'eau par simulations de dynamique moléculaire." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066002.
Full textHartmann, Brigitte. "Contribution a l'etude du polymorphisme et de la structure dynamique de l'adn-z." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2038.
Full textClavel, Damien. "Études structurales de la dynamique de protéines fluorescentes vertes et jaunes utilisées en imagerie cellulaire." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS491/document.
Full textFluorescent Proteins (FPs) homologous to AvGFP (Green Fluorescent Protein from the jellyfish Aequoria victoria) are versatile tools used in live cell imaging. The amount of information that can be derived from the fluorescence signals depends on the spectroscopic performances of the FP. The development of new FPs should focus on both brightness increase and control of the protein response to physicochemical parameter variations within the cell. Current yellow FPs exhibit a strong sensitivity to pH. In order to engineer less sensitive variants, two complementary approaches have been used: the first one consists in studying the influence of the hydrogen bond network dynamics around the chromophore on its protonation state. In the second one, I have sought to identify the structural determinants of the particularly high brightness of newly discovered yellow FPs from a sea worm, Branchiostoma lanceolatum.First, I wrote an algorithm that can identify all hydrogen bonds within a protein and analyse their dynamics along molecular dynamics simulations. It allows for their clustering in networks, the identification of networks connected to a given atom and the monitoring of their dynamics. The method was validated by using the algorithm on various AvGFP mutants for which excited state proton transfer has been experimentally studied. This algorithm should also be useful for the study of other biological systems whose function is based on proton transfer.Besides, I solved the structure of the natural yellow FP lanYFP from Branchiostoma lanceolatum, which is particularly bright, but presents a tetrameric arrangement. This protein was monomerized by directed evolution, which led to the yellow-green FP mNeonGreen, now a benchmark in this spectral range. I also solved the structure of mNeonGreen, which allowed me to rationalize a posteriori the mutations that have been introduced during the evolution process. Finally, I performed a specific radiation damage study in order to explain the remarkable change in colour of mNeonGreen crystals upon X-ray data collection. Altogether, the results of my PhD work provides a theoretical and experimental framework of the determinants that drive the fluorescence properties of yellow FPs
AZZOUZ, HICHAM. "Etude du transfert de proton dans les complexes oh-n e solution par simulation de dynamique moleculaire." Paris 6, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA066023.
Full textSalehi, Seyed-Taghi. "Etude de la dynamique de proteines par spectrometrie ultrasonore." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR13227.
Full textPizzala, Hélène. "Etude structurale et dynamique par résonnance magnétique nucléaire de salicylidèneamines substituées à l'état solide : transfert de proton et polymorphisme." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11032.
Full textLasheen, Alexandre Samir. "Mesures de l'Impédance Longitudinale avec le Faisceau du CERN Super Proton Synchrotron." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLS005/document.
Full textOne of the main challenges of future physics projects based on particle accelerators is the need for high intensity beams. However, collective effects are a major limitation which can deteriorate the beam quality or limit the maximum intensity due to losses. The CERN SPS, which is the last injector for the LHC, is currently unable to deliver the beams required for future projects due to longitudinal instabilities.The numerous devices in the machine (accelerating RF cavities, injection and extraction magnets, vacuum flanges, etc.) lead to variations in the geometry and material of the chamber through which the beam is travelling. The electromagnetic interaction within the beam (space charge) and of the beam with its environment are described by a coupling impedance which affects the motion of the particles and leads to instabilities for high beam intensities. Consequently, the critical impedance sources should be identified and solutions assessed. To have a reliable impedance model of an accelerator, the contributions of all the devices in the ring should be evaluated from electromagnetic simulations and measurements.In this thesis, the beam itself is used to probe the machine impedance by measuring the synchrotron frequency shift with intensity and bunch length, as well as the line density modulation of long bunches injected with the RF voltage switched off. These measurements are compared with macroparticle simulations using the existing SPS impedance model, and the deviations are studied to identify missing impedance sources and to refine the model.The next important step is to reproduce in simulations the measured single bunch instabilities during acceleration, in single and double RF system operation. Thanks to the improved impedance model, a better understanding of instability mechanisms is achieved for both proton and ion beams.Finally, as the simulation model was shown to be trustworthy, it is used to estimate the beam characteristics after the foreseen SPS upgrades the High Luminosity-LHC project at CERN
Li, Guosheng. "Étude théorique des effets statiques et dynamiques d'environnement sur le mécanisme de relais de proton impliquant le cycle imidazole." Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10165.
Full textRéat, Valérie. "Étude de la dynamique fonctionnelle de la bactériorhodopsine par diffusion incohérente de neutrons et marquage isotopique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE10044.
Full textGillet, Natacha. "Simulations Numériques de Transferts Interdépendants d’Electrons et de Protons dans les Protéines." Thesis, Paris 11, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA112159/document.
Full textRedox processes involving organic molecules are ubiquitous in proteins. They generally imply global reactions such as Proton Coupled Electron Transfers, hydrogen atom or hydride transfers which can be decomposed into both electrons and proton transfers. Kinetic and thermodynamic information leads to a better understanding of these mechanisms. However, experiments are often limited to a milli- or microsecond timescales. We present here numerical simulations allowing modeling at shorter timescales (femto, pico or nanosecond) to complete experimental data. Many numerical methods combine quantum description (QM) of the active center and classical description (MM) of the environment to describe redox transformations into biological media. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations allowed a conformational sampling of the global system. Nevertheless, depending on their level of description of the QM part, the methods can cost more or less CPU time to get a good conformational sampling. In this thesis, we have studied different redox mechanisms involving both proton and electron transfers with a particular care paid to the balance between quality of the electronic description and of conformational sampling. For each mechanism, the coupled proton and electron transfers are investigated differently. This manuscript thus falls into three parts: i) the evaluation of the redox potentials quinone derivatives ; ii) the mechanistic description of the L-lactate oxidation into pyruvate in the flavocytochrome b2 enzyme; iii) decomposition of the formal hydride transfer occurring between two flavins in EmoB protein. A QM+MM scheme is chosen to evaluate redox potential of quinone cofactors: the electronic behavior is described at DFT level in gas phase while classical MDs provide a large conformational sampling of the molecule and its environment. Deprotonation and oxidation free energies are estimated by applying the linear response approximation (LRA). We finally get a theoretical value of the redox potential for different quinocofactors in water and a calibration curve of these theoretical results in function of experimental data. This curve allowed predictions of quinone redox potentials in water with a good accuracy (less than 0.1 eV). We also try our method on the MADH protein containing a Tryptophan Tryptophilquinone cofactor. However, because of great fluctuations of the environment, the LRA is not suitable for this system. This underlines the limits of our methodology. The oxidation of L-lactate to pyruvate is described by free energy surfaces obtained at AM1/MM level. Biased MDs provide the AM1/MM profile which is then corrected at DFT level. Several reactions pathways have been noticed. They consist in sequential or concerted transfers of a proton from L-lactate to a histidine and a hydride from L-lactate to a flavin cofactor. The coupling between the two transfers depends on the conformation of the active site or on the mutations. The obtained surfaces fit qualitatively the experimental data but the theoretical activation barriers are too high. Other simulations must be explored: different methods, other mechanism... Finally, a combination of long classical MDs and constrained DFT (cDFT)/MM are employed to decompose a hydride transfer between two flavins into one hydrogen atom and one electron transfer. cDFT methodology allow us to describe diabatic states associated to the electron transfer during the hydrogen atom transfer. Applying the LRA, we can build parabola of the diabatic and determine the sequence of the two transfers. The comparison of our results in the EmoB protein or in aqueous medium shows that the protein allows the electron transfer only if the hydrogen atom transfer is happening. By this way, no semi-reduced flavin is created
Mendonça, Mileo Paulo Graziane. "Computational exploration of water adsorption and proton conduction in porous materials." Thesis, Montpellier, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018MONTS142/document.
Full textThe objective of this PhD thesis was to gain insight into the proton dynamics and water adsorption mechanisms in novel porous materials that have been identified experimentally as promising candidates for low temperature proton conduction and adsorption-based heat reallocation-related applications. This was achieved by combining advanced computational tools at the electronic (Density Functional Theory) and atomic (force field_based Monte Carlo and Molecular Dynamics) levels to (i) reveal the water-assisted proton migration pathway through the pores of the hybrid metal organic frameworks MIL-163(Zr) and KAUST-7’and the inorganic phosphonate TiIVTiIV(HPO4)4 materials at the origin of their outstanding proton conduction performances and (ii) explain the water adsorption behaviors of a series of metal organic frameworks CUK-1(Me), MOF-801(Zr) and MIL-100(Fe) that can be tuned by changing the nature of the metal center, creating defects and incorporating coordinatively unsaturated sites. Such a fundamental understanding is expected to pave the way towards a more efficient development of materials for the two explored applications
Brigando, Cédric. "Etude potentiométrique et analyse conformationnelle de l'acide phytique par R. M. N : dynamique moléculaire et transferts protoniques en fonction du pH et de la température." Aix-Marseille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995AIX11024.
Full textOUBOUMOUR, HASSAN. "Contribution a l'etude des bioxydes de manganese : amelioration de la regenerabilite, du potentiel et etude de la dynamique de l'insertion du proton." Paris 6, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA066709.
Full textMarion, Antoine. "Dynamiques moléculaires utilisant un champ de force quantique semiempirique : développement et applications à des systèmes d'intérêt biologique." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LORR0169/document.
Full textThe present work is devoted to the development of approximate quantum chemistry methods that are suitable to treat biological systems of large size. In particular, we run molecular dynamics under the Born-Oppenheimer approximation, allowing a quantum mechanical description of the electronic Hamiltonian of the full system: SEBOMD (SemiEmpirical Born-Oppenheimer Molecular Dynamics). Our method is based on a semiempirical (SE) electronic Hamiltonian. One of the key issues arising in a condensed phase SEBOMD simulation is represented by the choice of the SE method. Since most of the currently available approaches fail in describing some relevant intermolecular interactions, we developed a new correction of SE Hamiltonians. This method, which we named PM3-PIF3, was applied to study the molecular dynamics of organic molecules in water. The results that we obtained showed that our technique is suitable to treat molecules having hydrophobic and/or hydrophilic groups in an aqueous medium. The analysis of the electronic and vibrational properties of these molecules in the presence of the solvent validates our results with respect to experimental and theoretical studies in the literature. Finally, we investigated the water self-Dissociation process in confined environments. After discussing the choice of the SE Hamiltonian to be used for this purpose, we characterized the proton transfer in a water cluster. We established a correlation between the free energy of the first step of this process and some collective physical properties
Mouton, Nicolas. "Ré-investigation de la photo-dynamique du salicylidène aniline par spectroscopie d'absorption transitoire femtoseconde et analyse multivariée des données." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00689167.
Full textThaunay, Florian. "Développement de champs de forces polarisables et applications à la spectroscopie vibrationnelle." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLX037/document.
Full textSpectroscopy dissociation by absorption of infrared photons (IRPD) provides vibrational signatures of charged species in the gas phase, such as small peptides or hydrated ions in water clusters. The vibrational normal modes assignment to establish a relationship between the experimental spectrum and molecular structure is a delicate task and requires the use of molecular modeling.This manuscript presents a set of theoretical tools for calculation and assignment of vibrational spectra, based mainly on classical molecular dynamics and polarizable AMOEBA force field, and its application to gaseous ions of various sizes. Hydrated ions in water clusters M(H2O)n (n in 6-100 range) are characterized by a dynamic behavior, and their experimental spectrum can not be described by a single structure. The signature of peptides changes with temperature and dynamic anharmonicity effects. They can also be the site of proton transfer mechanisms, with a very characteristic vibrational signature.The potential energy surface of these systems is explored by classical molecular dynamics in individual trajectories or replica exchange to generate energetically stable structures. For smaller systems, quantum methods, as DFT and post-HF, are used to confirm the lowest energy structures, calculate their static IR and propose normal modes assignments. For larger systems, i.e ions in water drops of several tens of molecules, the simulation of IR spectra at finite temperature is based on the Fourier transform of the autocorrelation function of the dipole moment (DACF), calculated during a classical molecular dynamics trajectory. As this method does not allow direct access to the vibrational normal modes, we implemented a method of dynamic assigments, based on the Driven Molecular Dynamics (DMD) and coupled to the DACF. The combination AMOEBA /DACF / DMD was used to reproduce and assign the spectrum of the dipeptide Ace-Phe-Ala-NH2, and those of hydrated ions in water clusters.Finally, the vibrational signature of a proton transfer can not be described by quantum static methods or by classical dynamics. Its modeling required the development of a two states Empirical Valence Bond Model (EVB), coupled with AMOEBA polarizable force field. The two states EVB model was implemented in the software TINKER. It can reproduce the dynamic behavior of proton transfer in small peptides and deprotonated acids, as well as the spectroscopic signatures observed experimentally.An important part of the applications of these developments relates simple hydrated ions in nano-droplets, and in particular the sulfate ion of great environmental importance. We were able to reproduce satisfactorily, for the first time, the spectra of clusters containing up to 100 water molecules. The main contributor to this experimental spectroscopy is the team of E. Williams from the University of California of Berkeley. We have established cooperation with them to complete this work by modeling the IR spectra of hydrated sulfates ions [SO4(H2O) n=9-36]2-, for which they obtained experimental signatures
Steiner, Emilie. "Relaxométrie du proton pour l'étude de fluides à l'intérieur de milieux poreux." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011NAN10121/document.
Full textIn order to characterize molecular mobility within complex structures, NMR relaxometry aims at the determination of relaxation times in a frequency range as large as possible and in particular at very low frequencies where slow motions can be revealed. The evolution of the longitudinal relaxation rate R1 (which corresponds to the inverse of the longitudinal relaxation time T1) as a function of the measurement frequency leads to so-called dispersion curves. The work presented in this thesis is, for the first time in this laboratory, entirely dedicated to this technique, applied to the study of fluids within porous media. The systems investigated are very different; they include 1) hydrated mesoporous materials for which different states of water molecules were distinguished and 2) organogels formed in toluene, the dynamical behavior of which being studied subsequently to the gelation process. Original experimental methods, involving the use of several instruments, were developed, allowing us to obtain dispersion curves between 0 and 400 MHz. Thanks to methodological and theoretical developments, we were able to identify the different relaxation mechanisms and able to give a physical meaning to the parameters resulting from the fitting of dispersion curves
Dutheil, Yann. "Modélisation de la dynamique de spin dans l'AGS basée sur une méthode de résolution pas-à-pas du mouvement." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015GRENY013/document.
Full textThe AGS provides a polarized proton beam to RHIC. The beam is accelerated in the AGS from Gγ = 4.5 to Gγ = 45.5 and the polarization transmission is critical to the RHIC spin program. In the recent years, various systems were implemented to improve the AGS polarization transmission. These upgrades include the double partial snakes configuration and the tune jumps system. However, 100 % polarization transmission through the AGS acceleration cycle is not yet reached. The current efficiency of the polarization transmission is estimated to be around 85 % in typical running conditions. Understanding the sources of depolarization in the AGS is critical to improve the AGS polarized proton performances. The complexity of beam and spin dynamics, which is in part due to the specialized Siberian snake magnets, drove a strong interest for original methods of simulations. For that, the Zgoubi code, capable of direct particle and spin tracking through field maps, was here used to model the AGS. A model of the AGS using the Zgoubi code was developed and interfaced with the current system through a simple command: the AgsFromSnapRampCmd. Interfacing with the machine control system allows for fast modelization using actual machine parameters. Those developments allowed the model to realistically reproduce the optics of the AGS along the acceleration ramp. Additional developments on the Zgoubi code, as well as on post-processing and pre-processing tools, granted long term multiturn beam tracking capabilities: the tracking of realistic beams along the complete AGS acceleration cycle. Beam multiturn tracking simulations in the AGS, using realistic beam and machine parameters, provided a unique insight into the mechanisms behind the evolution of the beam emittance and polarization during the acceleration cycle. Post-processing softwares were developed to allow the representation of the relevant quantities from the Zgoubi simulations data. The Zgoubi simulations proved particularly useful to better understand the polarization losses through horizontal intrinsic spin resonances The Zgoubi model as well as the tools developed were also used for some direct applications. For instance, some beam experiment simulations allowed an accurate estimation of the expected polarization gains from machine changes. In particular, the simulations that involved involved the tune jumps system provided an accurate estimation of polarization gains and the optimum settings that would improve the performance of the AGS
Gamby, Jean. "Etude de la dynamique de la réaction de transfert de proton sur un atome de carbone non-activé par la technique de photo injection d'électrons." Paris 7, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA077048.
Full textMouhat, Félix. "Fully quantum dynamics of protonated water clusters." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS056/document.
Full textThere is no theory up to now able to provide an accurate and quantitative description of the proton transfer (PT) yet. Indeed, the complexity of the problem stems from the large diversity of the existing interactions in liquid water, namely: non bonding Van der Waals interactions, weakly covalent bonds and remarkably strong H-bonds. The latter ones are at the origin of the numerous fascinating properties of water at the macroscopic scale. In addition to such interactions, the nuclear quantum effects arising from the hydrogen light mass deeply modify the potential energy surface, and must be taken into account. In this thesis, we propose a fully quantum approach based on an almost exact description of the electronic wave function by means of Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. Our novel technique combines QMC with a Langevin-based Molecular Dynamics and the Feynman's path integral formalism. This allows one to perform fully quantum simulations of systems in gas or condensed phase, at an unprecedented level of accuracy,. We apply our approach to neutral or charged protonated water clusters to shed light on the microscopic phenomena driving the proton diffusion in such systems. We discovered that the proton hopping is optimal for temperatures close to ambient conditions, due to the subtle competition between thermal and nuclear quantum effects. This is highly suggestive of the importance of quantum nuclear effects to make PT processes - relevant for life - most efficient at room temperature
CACHET, CHRISTINE, and Yu Liang Tsé. "Contribution a l'etude des bioxydes de manganese obtenus par decomposition du permanganate de potassium en milieu acide et etude de la dynamique de l'insertion du proton." Paris 6, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA066327.
Full textPoirot-Crouvezier, Jean-Philippe. "Modélisation dynamique des phénomènes hydrauliques, thermiques et électriques dans un groupe électrogène à pile à combustible destiné à l'application automobile." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0152.
Full textHirschinger, Jérôme. "Etude par resonance magnetique nucleaire de la structure et de la dynamique moleculaire des copolymeres p(vf : :(2)-trfe)." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987STR13196.
Full textMichaud, Julien. "Effet des déflecteurs électrostatiques et des champs de fuite associés sur la cohérence de spin pour la mesure du moment électrique dipolaire du proton sur anneau de stockage." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAY031.
Full textParticle accelerators are one of the most efficient ways to study matter andelementary particles, as proved by the recent discovery of the Higgs Bosonon the Large Hadron Collider.The JEDI collaboration propose to measurethe value of the proton electric dipole moment (EDM) with a precision of〖10〗^(-29) e.cm using a storage ring.A measurement of such a value of EDM, above the extremely small predictionof Standard Model would lead to new physics, by adding an additionalsource of CP violation. The CP violation is one of the three conditionsnecessary to explain the un-understanded asymetry between matter andantimatter in the universe.In order to achieve this 〖10〗^(-29)e.cm precision, one need to store the measuredparticles for many seconds in an electric field : a storage ring appearsas an ideal solution for charged particles. One of the main issues consistsin keeping the beam spin-coherent during the whole duration of the measurement.An excellent control of systematics and understanding of thespin dynamics to perform this measurement are mandatory.The electrostatic deflectors used in the experiment to provide both bendingand EDM-induced spin precession could lead to systematic errors andspin decoherence. The internal part of the deflectors and especially theirfringe fields need to be understand, in terms of trajectories and spin dynamics.This thesis provide models for fields, trajectories, spin dynamics and alsoresults about the spin decoherence induced by the deflectors.The first part is dedicated to the context around EDM measurements,and will then focus on the storage ring method. Also a first approach tothe spin precession equation and spin coherence time will be done, and theproblematic about the electrostatic deflectors exposed.The second part describes in details the analytic or semi-analytic modelswe developed. The first model describes the electric fringe field of thedeflector, using conformal mapping.This model takes into account boundary conditions like the vacuum chamberor a diaphragm and propose universal formulas as a function of theratio between gap and radius. The second model concerns trajectories inthe deflector and the fringe fields.It is using an Hamiltonian integration, variation of parameters and quadratureformulas to integrate the previously found field. This is done at thesecond order.The last model is about spin dynamics and allows the user to compute thespin total precession in the deflector or the fringe fields by using a list ofintegrals of the field. The final spin transfer solution is a function of theinitial conditions (x,px,y,py,dz,_P/P) at the second order.The last part shows the implementation on BMAD and the differenteffects of deflectors/fringe fields on the spin coherence time
Mouhat, Félix. "Fully quantum dynamics of protonated water clusters." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS056.
Full textThere is no theory up to now able to provide an accurate and quantitative description of the proton transfer (PT) yet. Indeed, the complexity of the problem stems from the large diversity of the existing interactions in liquid water, namely: non bonding Van der Waals interactions, weakly covalent bonds and remarkably strong H-bonds. The latter ones are at the origin of the numerous fascinating properties of water at the macroscopic scale. In addition to such interactions, the nuclear quantum effects arising from the hydrogen light mass deeply modify the potential energy surface, and must be taken into account. In this thesis, we propose a fully quantum approach based on an almost exact description of the electronic wave function by means of Quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. Our novel technique combines QMC with a Langevin-based Molecular Dynamics and the Feynman's path integral formalism. This allows one to perform fully quantum simulations of systems in gas or condensed phase, at an unprecedented level of accuracy,. We apply our approach to neutral or charged protonated water clusters to shed light on the microscopic phenomena driving the proton diffusion in such systems. We discovered that the proton hopping is optimal for temperatures close to ambient conditions, due to the subtle competition between thermal and nuclear quantum effects. This is highly suggestive of the importance of quantum nuclear effects to make PT processes - relevant for life - most efficient at room temperature
Mangiatordi, Giuseppe. "Modélisation du transfert de charge dans les piles à combustible." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833250.
Full textMarchand, Gabriel. "Advanced Computer Simulations of Nafion / Water Systems." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14553/document.
Full textPerfluorinated membranes are used in particular in polymer electrolyte fuel cells(PEFC). The well-known ionomer Nafion® (Dupont) is, due to its high proton mobility,a reference material for fuel cell applications. In water or other hydrophilic solvents themembrane segregates into a hydrophobic backbone matrix and a hydrophilic sub-phasecontaining clusters of both water and ions, where the cluster sizes and connectivity increasewith increasing water content [1].What is the Nafion morphology and the structure of the solvent in such systems? It hasbeen shown recently [2] on large simulated systems that several morphological modelsfit the experimental scattering data, suggesting the inability of scattering experimentsalone to elucidate the true structure of Nafion. However, a ’random’ model describedin [2], i.e. the only explored model that did not assume a particular initial structure,could not reproduce the experimental data.It remains a real computational challenge to generate in molecular simulations systemconfigurations which are really decorrelated from the initial one. The time scales thatcan be achieved simply do not allow to obtain significant motions of the polymer (e.g.conformational changes, folding, etc.). We thus propose in this work a new randommodel of Nafion. A newly developped algorithm is used to generate Nafion chains withrandom growth paths and random starting points. A significant difference with therandom model in [2] is that we do not build our systems at a density close to the finalone. In order not to start with too much entangled chains, the systems are initiallybuilt at a density below the experimental one. The density after equilibration is againclose to the experimental one.Even though further improvements of the new algorithms can easily be envisaged,we demonstrate here that with the present version several sets of configurations thatare compatible with the available scattering data can be generated and equilibrated.Twelve large random Nafion systems are built with different initial positions of theatoms as well as different water contents and side chain lengths (Nafion/Hyflon). Theyare equilibrated and then simulated for several ten nanoseconds. After equilibration,the structures are, as mentioned, compatible with the experimental scattering data. Inaddition we study a model similar to the one by Schmidt-Rohr and Chen [3], i.e. thenewest morphological model of Nafion. The experimental scattering data are also satisfactorilyreproduced with this model, hence, the prolonged debate over the structureof Nafion.This agreement gives confidence that a more detailed analysis of the so-obtained configurationsis scientifically warranted. We characterize and analyze the local, intermediateand large-scale structures by various structural parameters and domain size distributions.We therefore compute, for example, radial distribution functions (rdf), total andpartial structure factors (S(q)) as well as numbers and sizes of hydrophilic clusters (dependingon the definition of a cluster). The dynamics of various species in the systemis also investigated, e.g. via the computation of the mean square displacements (msd)and the self-diffusion coefficients. These simulations are probably at the limit of whatcan today be achieved with all-atom molecular simulations of the MD type. We hopethat this work will advance the ongoing debate on the structure and dynamics of theseimportant materials
Perfluorierte Membranen werden insbesondere in Polymerelectrolyt-Brennstoffzellen(PEFC) eingesetzt. Das wohlbekannte Ionomer Nafion® (Dupont) ist wegen seinerhohen Protonenbeweglichkeit ein Referenzmaterial für solche Anwendungen in Brennstoffzellen.Die Membran separiert in Wasser oder anderen hydrophilen Lösungsmittelin eine hydrophobe Polymermatrix und eine hydrophile Subphase, die Cluster mitWasser und Ionen enthält. Dabei vergroeßern sich die Ausdehnung der Cluster und ihreKonnektivität mit zunehmendem Wassergehalt [1].Welche ist die Morphologie des Nafions und die Struktur des Lösungsmittels in diesenSystemen? Es ist jüngst anhand großer simulierter Systeme gezeigt worden [2], dassmehrere morphologische Modelle die experimentellen Streudaten wiedergeben können,was nahelegt, dass solche Streudaten alleine nicht geeignet sind, die wahre Strukturdes Nafion aufzudecken. Ein in [2] beschriebenes ’Zufallsmodell’, d.h. das einzigeder untersuchten Modelle, das keine besondere Anfangsstruktur annahm, konnte dieexperimentellen Daten allerdings nicht wiedergeben.In molekularen Computersimulationen Konfigurationen zu erzeugen, die wirklich nichtmehr mit der angenommenen Anfangskonfiguration korreliert sind, bleibt eine echteHerausforderung. Die erreichbaren Zeitskalen sind zu kurz, um eine signifikante Bewegungdes Polymers (z.B Konformationsänderungen, Faltungen, usw.) zuzulassen. Indieser Arbeit wird daher ein neues Zufallsmodell für Nafion vorgestellt. Ein neuentwickelterAlgorithmus erzeugt Nafionketten mit zufälligem Wachstumspfad ausgehendvon zufälligen Anfangspunkten. Ein signifikanter Unterschied zu dem Zufallsmodellvon [2] ist, dass hier nicht versucht wird, die Systeme bei einer Dichte vergleichbarder experimentellen Dichte aufzubauen. Anstattdessen werden die Systeme, um alzustarkes Verknäuelung zu vermeiden, anfangs bei einer deutlich kleineren Dichte erzeugt.Nach äquilibrierung ist die Systemdichte wieder in etwa gleich der experimentellen.Wiewohl weitere Verbesserungen des neu Algorithmuses leicht ins Auge gefaßt werdenkönnen, so kann hier doch gezeigt werden, dass mit der gegenwärtigen VersionKonfigurationen erzeugt und äquilibriert werden können, die mit den verfügbarenStreudaten kompatibel sind. Zwölf große Nafion Zufallssysteme, mit verschiedenenAnfangspositionen der Atome, verschiedenem Wassergehalt und Längen der Seitenketten(Nafion/Hyflon) werden aufgebaut. Diese werden äquilibriert und mehrerezehn Nanosekunden lang simuliert. Nach der äquilibrierung sind die Strukturen, wieerwähnt, kompatibel mit den experimentellen Streudaten. Weiterhin wird ein Modellähnlich dem von Schmidt-Rohr und Chen [3], d.h. dem neuesten morphologischen Modellfür Nafion, studiert. Auch hier werden die experimentellen Streudaten zufriedenstellendwiedergegeben, daher die weiterhin bestehende Debatte über die Struktur desNafion.Die gefundenen übereinstimmungen lassen darauf vertrauen, dass eine detaillierte Analyseder simulierten Konfigurationen wissenschaftlich sinnvoll ist. So wird die Strukturder Systeme auf verschiedenen Längenskalen charakterisiert, zum Beispiel durch radialePaarverteilungsfunktionen (rdf), totale und partielle Strukturfaktoren (S(q)) sowieAnzahl- und Größenverteilungen hydrophiler Cluster (abhängig von der Definition einesClusters). Die Dynamik einzelner Spezies im System wird ebenfalls untersucht, zumBeispiel durch die Berechnung der mittleren quadratischen Verschiebungen (msd) undder Selbstdiffusionskoeffizienten. Diese Simulationen sind wahrscheinlich an der Grenzedessen, was heute mit ’all-atom’ molekularen MD-Simulationen möglich ist. Ich vertrauedarauf, dass diese Arbeit dennoch einen Fortschritt in der aktuellen Debatte überdie Struktur und Dynamik dieser wichtigen Materiale darstellt
Straubhaar, Benjamin. "Pore network modelling of condensation in gas diffusion layers of proton exchange membrane fuel cell." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19261/1/Straubhaar_B.pdf.
Full textGillet, Natacha. "Simulations Numériques de Transferts Interdépendants d'Electrons et de Protons dans les Protéines." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062706.
Full textGuertin, A. "Sections efficaces de production de pions et de kaons lors de collisions proton-noyau de l'ordre du GeV.Mesures de sections efficaces de production de particules chargées légères lors de réactions induites par protons de 62,9 MeV sur cible de plomb." Phd thesis, Université de Nantes, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011244.
Full textlors de collisions proton noyau de l'ordre du GeV
L'étude des propriétés des hadrons dans la matière nucléaire est un sujet d'intérêt actuel. Les kaons chargés positivement possèdent un anti-quark étrange qui ne peut pas être réabsorbé et constituent donc une sonde intéressante du milieu nucléaire.
La première partie de cette thèse étudie les sections efficaces de production de pions et de kaons lors de collisions proton noyau pour une énergie incidente de l'ordre du GeV.
Dans un premier temps, le modèle de Dynamique Quantique Moléculaire utilisé pour simuler les collisions proton noyau est décrit. Puis, les sections efficaces totales des processus élémentaires implémentées dans le modèle sont présentées. Ensuite, les effets de la fonction spectrale du nucléon sur la production de pions et de kaons sont mis en évidence dans les sections efficaces doublement différentielles. Finalement, les conséquences des corrélations observées entre les nucléons du noyau sont discutées.
II - Mesures de sections efficaces de production de particules chargées légères
lors de réactions induites par protons de 62,9 MeV sur cible de plomb
Pour développer des options nouvelles de gestion des déchets nucléaires, des recherches sont menées sur les systèmes hybrides. La seconde partie de cette thèse s'inscrit dans le cadre des mesures de données nucléaires liées à la conception de tels systèmes. Un pouvoir prédictif suffisant des codes théoriques, de 20 à 150 MeV, nécessite de nouvelles mesures de sections efficaces pour les contraindre.
L'expérience réalisée a pour but de déterminer les sections efficaces de production de particules chargées légères (p, d, t, 3He, a) lors de réactions induites par protons de 62,9 MeV sur une cible de plomb 208Pb.
Le contexte général de cette partie est présenté en premier lieu. Puis, le dispositif expérimental composé de 7 télescopes triple (Si, Si, CsI(Tl)) est décrit. Les chapitres suivants sont consacrés au dépouillement des données (identification des particules, étalonnage des détecteurs) et à l'extraction des sections efficaces. Finalement, une étude comparative de nos résultats expérimentaux à ceux des codes théoriques est menée.
Esteves, López Natalia. "Etude du transfert de protons dans les systèmes moléculaires." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0178.
Full textA major challenge to generate green energy from sunlight would be to split water which is a ubiquitous molecule to produce H₂. However VUV light (6.66 eV) is needed to dissociate the H-OH covalent bond. In this work we will show that it is possible to dissociate water via photo-sensitisation with UVC light, using a simple organic catalyst.Recently, ab-initio calculations predict that pyridine (Py) can act as a photo-catalyst to split water by absorption of a UV photon, following the reaction: Py-H₂O + hν₁ → Py*-H₂O → PyH• + OH• To test this prediction, we studied the Py-H₂O complex in isolated cold molecular cluster and the system trapped in cryogenic matrices. We characterized the electronic spectroscopy of the PyH• in the gas phase and we evidenced the reaction through UV excitation of Py-(H₂O)n clusters. We have evidenced that the reaction leads PyH• as photoproduct of the reaction. We also evidenced that the surrounding conditions play an important role in the reaction.We have demonstrated that the UV excitation of Py-water clusters leads to the formation of PyH•, thus we have evidenced the water splitting reaction. The last step of the process, that is the regeneration of the catalyst by absorption of a second UV photon (PyH• + hν → Py + H•) has been studied and it seems that only hot PyH• molecules are able to follow this channel. In the present, we are studying other aromatic molecules which are expected to lead the photochemical dissociation of water
Esteves, López Natalia. "Etude du transfert de protons dans les systèmes moléculaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017AIXM0178/document.
Full textA major challenge to generate green energy from sunlight would be to split water which is a ubiquitous molecule to produce H$_2$. However VUV light (6.66 eV) is needed to dissociate the H-OH covalent bond. In this work we will show that it is possible to dissociate water via photo-sensitisation with UVC light, using a simple organic catalyst.Recently, ab-initio calculations predict that pyridine (Py) can act as a photo-catalyst to split water by absorption of a UV photon, following the reaction:Py-H$_2$O + h$\nu_1 \to$ Py*-H$_2$O $\to$ PyH$\bullet$ + OH$\bullet$ To test this prediction, we studied the Py-H$_2$O complex in isolated cold molecular cluster and the system trapped in cryogenic matrices. We characterized the electronic spectroscopy of the PyH$\bullet$ in the gas phase and we evidenced the reaction through UV excitation of Py-(H$_2$O) $_n$ clusters. We have evidenced that the reaction leads PyH$\bullet$ as photoproduct of the reaction. We also evidenced that the surrounding conditions play an important role in the reaction.We have demonstrated that the UV excitation of Py-water clusters leads to the formation of PyH$\bullet$, thus we have evidenced the water splitting reaction. The last step of the process, that is the regeneration of the catalyst by absorption of a second UV photon (PyH$\bullet$ + h$\nu \to$ Py + H$\bullet$) has been studied and it seems that only hot PyH$\bullet$ molecules are able to follow this channel. In the present, we are studying other aromatic molecules which are expected to lead the photochemical dissociation of water
Le, Marchand Tanguy. "Protein Dynamics by Solid-State NMR with Ultra-Fast Magic-Angle Spinning : from Microcrystals to Amyloid Fibrils and Membrane Proteins." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSEN023/document.
Full textSolid-state NMR with magic angle spinning (MAS) has emerged as a powerful technique for investigating structure and dynamics of insoluble or poorly soluble biomolecules. A number of approaches has been designed for reconstructing molecular structures from the accurate measurement of internuclear proximities, and for probing motions at atomic resolution over timescales spanning several orders of magnitude. Despite this impressive progress, however, MAS NMR studies are still far from routine. Complete determinations, which are often demonstrated on model microcrystalline preparations, are still rare when it comes to more complex systems such as non-crystalline amyloid fibrils or transmembrane proteins in lipid bilayers. My work aimed at extending the possibilities of MAS NMR for applications on complex biomolecular systems in different aggregation states. For this, I exploited the unique possibilities provided by high magnetic fields (700, 800 and 1000 MHz 1H Larmor frequency) in combination with the newest MAS probes capable of spinning rates exceeding 60 kHz. These experimental conditions al- low to boost the sensitivity of MAS NMR through 1H detection at high resolution and to enrich the palette of probes for protein dynamics. The first part of the thesis reports on my contribution to the development of new strategies for backbone resonance assignment, for structure elucidation, and for investigation of backbone and side-chain dynamics. These methodologies significantly reduce the requirements in terms of experimental time, sample quantities and isotopic labeling, and enlarge the molecular size of systems amenable to NMR analysis. The second part describes the application of 1H detected MAS NMR to evaluate the role of protein dynamics in problems such as amyloid fibril formation and membrane protein function. I first addressed the amyloid fibril formation propensity of human beta-2 microglobulin, the light chain of the major histocompatibility complex I. I performed comparative studies of backbone dynamics of the wild type protein as well as a D76N mutant in crystals, and determined some of the structural features of the fibrillar form. This allowed to identify the presence of pathological folding intermediates and to formulate hypotheses on the mechanism of fibrils formation. Finally, I studied the local and global dynamics of membrane proteins in lipid bilayers. In particular, I investigated the mechanism of action of the alkane trans- porter AlkL from P. putida in lipid bilayers. The measurement of parameters for fast (ps-ns) and slow (μs-ms) backbone dynamics of the protein in presence or in absence of a substrate highlights possible routes for molecular uptake and lays the basis for a more detailed mechanistic understanding of the process
Sous, Damien. "Dynamique tourbillonnaire en milieu peu profond." Bordeaux 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR12758.
Full textThe shallow water flows are found in lowland rivers, coastal areas, lakes, and stratified atmospheric and oceanic flows. A proper knowledge of shallow flows and their transport capacities is of great importance for predicting the flow in and morphology of riverbeds and coastal zones, for the analysis of natural and anthropogenic parameters(heat, dissolved and suspended solids, biological species) and for weather forecasting. The observations carried out on shallow flows have revealed a particular dynamics: the vertical confinement can induce the formation of large horizontal vortices, which size greatly exceeds the depth. The aim of the thesis is to improve the knowledge of these physical processes in the case of a vortex dynamics generated by a turbulent impulsive jet. Two experimental campaign, one at small scale at the Master laboratory and the other one on the Coriolis turntable, have been performed to characterize the transition from a deep water layer to a shallow water layer. This transition is controlled by a dimensionless parameter we have called the confinement number C. When C is weak, the behaviour corresponds to three-dimensional turbulence, the water layer is deep. When C is great, the impulsive jet develops in a quasi-two-dimensional turbulence, the water layer is shallow. When the water layer is shallow, impulsive jets generate large horizontal vortices. A detailed study of these dipoles, laminar at small scale and turbulent at large scale, has shown the presence of a vertical circulation in the dipole front. The experimental results have been successfully compared with an original theoretical model
Berrod, Quentin. "Relation structure - transport dans des membranes et matériaux modèles pour pile à combustible." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00981913.
Full textRessam, Ibitissam. "Élaboration et caractérisation de nouvelles membranes composites à conduction protonique pour les piles à combustible." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066732.
Full textThe perfluoro-sulfonated ionomer membranes are employed as separators in many industrialapplications such as fuel cells, chloro-alkali industry, electrodialysis and gaining inclininginterest in aqueous rechargeable or redox-flow batteries where the knowledge of their ionictransport and transfer properties is fundamental.Particularly, Nafion is adopted as a referencemembrane for polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells due to its thermal stability andgood proton conductivity. However, Nafion membranes have several disadvantages such as a decrease in the proton conductivity at low relative humidity (<50%) and high temperatures(>80°C), and excessive dimensional changes due to the swelling/deswelling, leading tomechanical instabilities.To circumvent these problems, novel proton conducting membraneshave been developed, either by completely replacing or by using organic and/or inorganiccomponents to Nafion.3 In this regard, a large spectrum of membranes have been elaboratedconsidering many attributes such as high proton conductivity, physical separation between theanode and the cathode and fuel barrier characteristics, good chemical and physical stability andlow elaboration cost of the membrane. Two types of additives were examined to improve the performances, particularly : Membranes based on Nafion with Chitosan biopolymer. This naturel polymer is consideredas the second most abundant polysaccharide after cellulose.6 Chitosan improves the physical andchemical stability of the membrane in the presence of water, and it is considered as a less costlyadditive to Nafion7.The improvement of the proton conductivity with pristine chitosan isessentially challenging. Previous studies demonstrated that vehicularandGrotthuss mechanismjointly govern the proton transfer in chitosan membranes.In the vehicular mechanism, the protons diffuse together with solvent molecules in the form of hydronium ions byforming acomplex such as H5O2+ and H9O4+. In the Grotthuss mechanism, however, the protons jump fromone solvent molecule or functional group to the next by the continuous formation and breakingof hydrogen bonds. Membranes based on Nafion with Halloysite nanotubes (HNT). These clays confer to themembrane high proton conductivity by constructing large and continuous conductionpathways.These inorganic additives also improve the thermal and mechanical properties of PEM. Composite membranes of Nafion/Chitosan- SO3H and Nafion/HNT-SO3H are prepared. Theresulting composite membranes were studied by various conventional structural characterizationtechniques. H+ conductivity measurements were performed and the values obtained are higherthan those of pristine Nafion at various relative humidity (RH%) levels and temperatures (30°C-80°C). Our results highlight the beneficial character of functionalized chitosan biopolymer andHalloysite nanotube clays as additives to improve PEM performances
Goutailler, Florent. "Polarisation dynamique nucléaire à basse température et fort champ magnétique pour des applications biomédicales en imagerie spectroscopique par résonance magnétique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00672305.
Full textGrucker, Daniel. "Relaxation magnetique des protons : applications aux phenomenes d'echange et de polarisation dynamique en biologie." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989STR13134.
Full textGeis, Armin. "Structure et dynamique de systèmes moléculaires en phase condensée : a, photodissociation du HgI2 en solution ; b, dynamique de protons dans l'acétylacétone cristalline." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE10167.
Full textBonaccorsi, Marta. "Protein dynamics with fast magic-angle spinning NMR." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN090.
Full textThe aim of my thesis is to develop Magic-Angle Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MAS NMR) to characterize structure and dynamics in complex biological samples, with a particular focus on the role of metal ions in enzymes and channels.MAS NMR is a powerful technique that allows to extract atomic level information, characterize broad timescales of motions, and investigate functional states in native-like sample conditions, a particularly important requirement e.g. for transmembrane proteins in lipid bilayers. Nonetheless, a number of bottlenecks prevents its widespread application in structural biology.In my work I developed and applied tailored techniques based on high magnetic fields (800 MHz and 1 GHz 1H Lamor frequency) and MAS probes with sub-mm diameter rotors spinning at rates above 100 kHz, which contributed to push forward the capability of this technique: i) by enlarging the molecular size of the systems that can be investigated with site specificity; ii) by reducing the requirements in terms of isotopic labeling, notably deuteration; iii) by speeding up the tedious processes of resonance assignment and acquisition of dynamical parameters; iv) by enriching the palette of measurable parameters connected to dynamics.All along this thesis, the methods were benchmarked on microcrystalline samples of the model domain GB1, and applied to Cu,Zn-superoxide dismutase (a dimeric 2x16 kDa Cu metalloenzyme) in functional microcrystalline form, as well as to two transmembrane channels reconstituted in lipid bilayers, bacterial CorA (a pentameric 5x40 kDa cation channel) and human Aqp-1 (tetrameric 4x25 kDa aquaporin-1 water channel). The data obtained shed new light on the relation between internal dynamics and function
Peretto, Nicolas. "Aspects dynamiques des phases précoces de la formation d'étoiles en amas." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066535.
Full textKalenitchenko, Dimitri. "Dynamique et rôle des microorganismes dans l'écosystème bois coulé en milieu profond." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066215/document.
Full textWhen wood sinks to the deep-sea floor it creates a new ecosystem that does not depend directly on energy from sunlight. This ecosystem is called chemosynthetic because of the presence of a fauna associated with symbiotic bacteria that can assimilate inorganic carbon from seawater. Furthermore this system is colonized by specialized fauna that use symbiotic bacteria to digest the wood matrix. Previous studies mostly focused on these symbiotic macroorganisms and the role played by non-symbiotic microorganisms in the sunken wood ecosystem remains unknown. We demonstrate in this thesis the important role played by non symbiotic microorganisms during the sunken wood ecosystem establishment. We reveal the ecological succession of microorganisms driven by time and wood structure. The first step of this succession is characterized by a microbial population able to produce hydrogen sulfide after one month of immersion. This hydrogen sulfide production is the basis for (1) a chemolithoautotroph biofilm development on the wood surface and (2) a recruitment of species associated with chemoautotrophic bacteria. Our results suggest a succession of different phases that transform a terrigeneous substrate into an environment that may have helped, million years ago, the colonization of the deep sea by chemosynthetic species
Kalenitchenko, Dimitri. "Dynamique et rôle des microorganismes dans l'écosystème bois coulé en milieu profond." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2015. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2015PA066215.pdf.
Full textWhen wood sinks to the deep-sea floor it creates a new ecosystem that does not depend directly on energy from sunlight. This ecosystem is called chemosynthetic because of the presence of a fauna associated with symbiotic bacteria that can assimilate inorganic carbon from seawater. Furthermore this system is colonized by specialized fauna that use symbiotic bacteria to digest the wood matrix. Previous studies mostly focused on these symbiotic macroorganisms and the role played by non-symbiotic microorganisms in the sunken wood ecosystem remains unknown. We demonstrate in this thesis the important role played by non symbiotic microorganisms during the sunken wood ecosystem establishment. We reveal the ecological succession of microorganisms driven by time and wood structure. The first step of this succession is characterized by a microbial population able to produce hydrogen sulfide after one month of immersion. This hydrogen sulfide production is the basis for (1) a chemolithoautotroph biofilm development on the wood surface and (2) a recruitment of species associated with chemoautotrophic bacteria. Our results suggest a succession of different phases that transform a terrigeneous substrate into an environment that may have helped, million years ago, the colonization of the deep sea by chemosynthetic species
Vermeer, Louic Sebichniev. "NMR struture determination and MD simultations of membrane peptides and proteins : a peptide derived from H+-V-ATPase subunit alpha, and MscL." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/492/.
Full textThe structural properties of a peptide derived from the proton translocating H+-V-ATPase subunit a were studied. An NMR structure was obtained in SDS micelles. Circular dichroism measurements indicated that the peptide formed a beta-sheet at high pH in octylglucoside, while it was 60% alpha-helical in SDS. These findings were explained using molecular dynamics simulations, which indicated that at high pH the peptide took a transmembrane position in SDS but was located in the interface region in octylglucoside. The combination of the NMR structure and the MD simulations allowed us to identify the residues that line the lumenal proton channel