Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dynamique du plancher pelvien'
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Ogier, Augustin. "La segmentation et la caractérisation des déformations d'organes à tissus mous à partir de l'IRM : applications à l'imagerie du muscle et à l'imagerie pelvienne." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021AIXM0461.
Full textThe deployment of computational anatomy methods remains limited for the exploration of soft tissue organs, especially in the two application contexts discussed in this thesis, namely the study of pelvic floor disorders and neuromuscular diseases via magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In these domains, the segmentation step is essential to allow the characterization of physiological alterations occurring within the organs of interest. The high phenotypic variability in these pathologies has so far limited the development of robust automatic segmentation methods, limiting clinical research on large populations. The main contribution of this thesis was the development of a supervised segmentation approach based on diffeomorphic image registration propagation methods to simplify the segmentation of image series presenting a continuity of information between successive images. By considerably reducing the manual involvement of an operator and by providing a robust and accurate result, this method has been validated for the segmentation of skeletal muscles as well as the bladder in pathological contexts. In the muscular aspect of this thesis, our segmentation method has also been extended for the longitudinal follow-up of patients and has been directly applied in several clinical studies in order to characterize different neuromuscular diseases via the extraction of scores from quantitative MRI. In the context of pelvic statics disorders, the combination of our segmentation approach with advanced dynamic multiplanar imaging and point cloud registration methods has allowed the first dynamic 3D visualization of pelvic organs during loading exercises
Cyr, Marie-Pierre. "Fonction des muscles du plancher pelvien chez les survivantes d’un cancer de l’endomètre atteintes de dyspareunie." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11576.
Full textAbstract : Context: Endometrial cancer is the most common cancer in gynecological cancers. Oncological treatments are suggested to cause pelvic floor muscle dysfunction that could contribute to the development of debilitating conditions such as pain during sexual intercourse (dyspareunia), which affects more than half of survivors. However, to date, no study investigated pelvic floor muscle function in relation to dyspareunia in endometrial cancer survivors. Objectives: The main objective is to explore differences in pelvic floor muscle function between endometrial cancer survivors with dyspareunia and women without pain who underwent a total hysterectomy for benign conditions. The secondary objective is to explore differences between the two groups on urogynecological, sexual, psychological and social variables. Methodology: In this exploratory, bicentric comparative study, endometrial cancer survivors with dyspareunia (n=7) and asymptomatic women (n=7) attended one evaluation session conducted by a physiotherapist. The two groups were balanced in terms of age, body mass index and number of vaginal deliveries. The pelvic floor muscle function, including tone, maximal strength, contraction speed, coordination and endurance, was assessed with the dynamometric speculum. Validated questionnaires were used to evaluate secondary variables. Mann-Whitney tests were used to compare the two groups on muscular, urogynecological, sexual, psychological and social variables (!=0.050). Results: Concerning pelvic floor muscle function, survivors with dyspareunia demonstrated higher tone at a minimal vaginal aperture (p=0.018) and lower endurance (p=0.048) compared to asymptomatic women. Survivors also presented more fecal incontinence (p=0.005) and lower sexual function (p=0.004) compared to asymptomatic women. No differences were detected for psychological and social variables. Conclusion: The results of this exploratory study suggest impaired pelvic floor muscle function, notably higher tone and lower endurance, in endometrial cancer survivors with dyspareunia. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings. This preliminary evidence can be used as empirical data to better understand pelvic floor muscle impairments implicated in dyspareunia in this population.
Thubert, Thibault. "Impact d'un détournement d'attention sur les mécanismes neuromusculaires impliqués dans la contraction des muscles du plancher pelvien." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066178/document.
Full textAims: Attention may be involved in pelvic floor muscles (PFM) Methods: The electromyographic (EMG) activity of the external anal sphincter (EAS) was recorded on healthy female volunteers, during voluntary and involuntary (induced by cough) PFM contraction, elicited by local stimulation, combined (or not) with a mental Distraction Task (DT). Reaction time (RT1), ie. the latency between stimulus and the onset of EAS EMG activity, RT3, ie. the latency between the onset of EAS EMG activity and the onset of External intercostal muscle (EIC) (cough) were measured. Following randomisation (2/1) 13 volunteers underwent dual task cognitive (an attentional test and PFM exercises) rehabilitation program and 26 were the control group (no specific instruction). RT1 and RT3 were recorded before and after the program in both group.Results: The mental distraction task led to a 3.98 times greater reaction time between stimulus and EAS EMG activation (RT1), (p<0.001). DT led to a 29% shorter anticipation of the involontary PFM contraction: RT3 were respectively -80.00 ms without a DT versus -56.67 ms with a DT (r=0.7, p=0.004). In the rehabilitation group RT1 in DT conditions decreased from 461.1 ms to 290.7 ms (r=0.6, p=0.006)vs 370 to 343 ms in the control group (r=0.9, p=NS). In the study group RT3 without a DT increased from −68.5 ms to −127.8 ms (r=1.89, p = 0.03) and from 42,6 ms to -59,3 ms with a DT (r= 1.4, p=0.04).Conclusions: A specific dual task rehabilitation can prevent the effect of DT on PFM contraction characteristics
Gely, Benoit. "Modélisation du comportement dynamique d’un plancher vibrant : interaction avec le milieu granulaire." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017CLFAC092/document.
Full textThe grain storage is an issue that dates agricultural development to address the need for cereal preservation. In order to facilitate the emptying silos process, Vibrafloor provides an automated emptying solution based on the agitation of the contents by vibration of a flexible floor. The objective of this thesis is to develop a reliable numerical model that can predict the behavior of the vibrating system under load during a drain cycle. These works can be divided into three main parts: - The development of a reliable digital model of a vibrating module - The development of a numerical model of the granular media - The interaction of these two models. Finally, the exploitation of these numerical models helped provide system usage rules for industrial and the beginnings of a study tool for the entire automatic drain process
Bernard, Stéphanie. "Fonction et structure des muscles du plancher pelvien de femmes traitées par chirurgie et radiothérapie à la suite d'un cancer de l'endomètre." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26838.
Full textCe mémoire porte sur les propriétés fonctionnelles du plancher pelvien à la suite de traitements pour un cancer de l’endomètre. Chez les femmes, le cancer de l’endomètre est le cancer gynécologique ayant la plus forte prévalence. Les traitements oncologiques de ce cancer ont des conséquences néfastes sur la continence urinaire et il est possible que des altérations aux muscles du plancher pelvien à la suite de ces traitements puissent expliquer en partie cette problématique. Ce mémoire est composé de deux études principales. La première étude porte sur la recension des écrits liés aux impacts de la radiothérapie sur la structure anatomique et la fonction musculaire du plancher pelvien chez des adultes atteints d’un cancer pelvien. La deuxième étude compare les propriétés fonctionnelles du plancher pelvien de femmes avec incontinence urinaire à la suite d'un cancer de l'endomètre traité par chirurgie et une radiothérapie adjuvante (groupe à l’étude), à celles de femmes avec hystérectomie sans incontinence (groupe témoin). Cette étude a permis de mettre en évidence une diminution de l’ouverture maximale à l’entrée vaginale, de la longueur vaginale, de la force maximale volontaire du plancher pelvien, du taux de développement de la force dans un test de force maximale et de la coordination lors d’un test de contractions rapides. Ainsi, les deux études de ce mémoire apportent de nouvelles évidences sur les altérations des propriétés fonctionnelles du plancher pelvien à la suite de traitements pour un cancer génital.
This master’s thesis is on functional properties of the pelvic floor muscles after treatments for endometrial cancer. In women, endometrial cancer is the most prevalent gynecological cancer. Urogenital dysfunctions, such as urinary incontinence, are frequent after oncological treatments of this cancer, and it is possible that alterations of the pelvic floor muscles could explain, in parts, such dysfunction. This thesis is constituted of two main studies. The first study is on the systematic review of the literature regarding the documented effects of radiation therapy on the anatomical structure and physiological function of the pelvic floor muscles of adults with pelvic cancer. The second study concerns differences in pelvic floor functional properties of women experiencing urinary incontinence after surgical and radiotherapy treatments for endometrial cancer (study group) to women with hysterectomy for benign disease (comparison group). This study presented results of reduced maximal anterior-posterior opening of the vaginal entry, vaginal length, maximal voluntary contraction, maximal rate of force development in a strength test, and coordination in a speed’s test. These two studies altogether bring new evidence that there are alterations to pelvic floor functional properties following treatments for genital cancer.
Dubois, Olivia. "Comparaison des effets des modalités physiothérapiques à ceux de la lidocaïne topique sur les variables biopsychosociales des femmes atteintes de vestibulodynie provoquée : une sous-étude imbriquée dans un essai clinique randomisé." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11956.
Full textDeffieux, Xavier. "Mécanismes neuromusculaires impliqués dans l'incontinence urinaire à l'effort de la femme." Paris 6, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA066135.
Full textNyangoh, Timoh Krystel. "Musculature et innervation pelvi-périnéale en dissection anatomique assistée par ordinateur." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS128.
Full textAbstract : Levator ani muscle (LAM), urethral sphincter (US), and their innervation play a major role in pelvic status, urinary continence and anal continence. During pregnancy, vaginal delivery, pelvic radical surgery, damage of pelvic floor muscles or of their innervation may occur. These lesions are responsible for pelvic floor dysfunction such as urogenital prolapse or urinary incontinence. Better knowledge of pelvi-perineal muscle and nerve anatomy is needed to reduce the occurrence and treat these pelvic floor dysfunctions. Classically pelvic floor muscles are described as entirely striated under somatic control (levator ani nerve (LAN) and /or pudendal nerve (PN)). Computer Assisted Anatomical Dissection (CAAD) using specific nerve and muscle markers can nowadays complete data established by conventional dissection of anatomical subjects.The objective was to describe the innervation and the muscular structure of the levator ani muscle, to describe nerve supply of the urethral sphincter in order to better understand pelvic floor dysfunction.Methods : We studied nine human fetuses (6 female and 3 male). Serial histological sections of 5 μm of thickness were performed in the lumbar and pelvic regions of seven human fetuses aged 18 to 40 weeks of gestation. For each level, slides were stained and then treated in immunohistochemistry to detect: general nerve fibers (anti-protein S100), autonomic cholinergic fibers (anti-VAChT), autonomic adrenergic fibers (anti-tyrosine hydroxylase), autonomic nitrergic fibers (anti-nNOS), somatic nerve fibers (anti-peripheral myelin protein 22), sensory fibers (anti-CGRP), smooth muscle fibers (anti-SMA) and striated muscle fibers (anti-MYOG). The slides were then digitized by a high-resolution optical scanner and the images were reconstructed in 3D using the Winsurf® software. One fetus was entirely reserved for electronic microscopy in order to confirm our results.Results: We observed that LAM innervation is supplied by both autonomic (inferior hypogastric plexus (IHP)) and somatic (LAN and PN). We have individualized areas of smooth muscle cells in the pelvic floor, particularly the median part controlled by the autonomic system that we named “smooth muscle medial compartment”.We systematized within the pelvic floor muscle a smooth medial part under an autonomic nervous control as interface between the pelvic viscera and a lateral striated muscle part under somatic nervous control.Finally, we have demonstrated a dual innervation both somatic and autonomic sphincter urethral.Conclusion : CAAD has demonstrated complex pelvic-perineal innervation with the interaction of the somatic and autonomic nervous system. The function of the pelvic smooth muscle contingent remains to be clarified
Belloy, Nicolas. "Etude de peptides amyloïdogéniques dérivés de la tropoélastine humaine par simulations numériques." Reims, 2009. http://ebureau.univ-reims.fr/slide/files/quotas/SCD/theses/sciences/2009REIMS040.pdf.
Full textThis work deals with the study of tropoelastin-derived peptides by molecular dynamics simulations in explicit solvent. These peptides are identified in exons 7, 28 and 30 possess a consensus sequence XGGZG (X, Z = Valine, Leucine) described experimentally as responsible for the formation of supramolecular assemblies with amyloid properties. We first show that the minimal motif XGGZG and (XGGZG)² adopt a large number of turns, independently of the permutation of valine and leucine residues. Locally, non-glycine residues exhibit polyproline-II conformation in significant proportions. The study of (XGGZG)3 show that it gives rise to structure form antiparallel β sheets for (VGGVG)3 to α and 310 helices for (LGGLG)3. (VGGLG)3 and (LGGVG)3 sequences give rise to both structures in small proportions. Equivalent results are obtained on the entire exons 28 and 30, and the peptide including the first 17 residues of exon 30. The construction of a poly(VGGVG) plan with virtually infinite β strand allows us to show that in contact with it, VGGVG peptides can organize parallel or perpendicularly to the plan. Finally, separate preliminary simulations were conducted to evaluate the role of cholesterol in the phenomena of aggregation and dynamics to tropoelastin-derived peptides. Studies of the biological effect of these peptides were initiated and are an interesting perspective of this work
Pontbriand-Drolet, Stéphanie. "Étude comparative de la morphologie du plancher pelvien des femmes âgées continentes et avec incontinence urinaire." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/8593.
Full textAims: The study’s aim was to compare: a) pelvic floor muscle (PFM), bladder neck and urethral sphincter morphologies using MRI and b) PFM function using digital palpation (PERFECT scheme) in continent women, women with stress (SUI) and mixed (MUI) urinary incontinence. Method: Women were taught how to perform PFM contractions correctly and their PFM function was assessed, then each woman completed a dynamic 3T MRI session. Results: 66 women participated in the study. Groups were similar for age, BMI, vaginal deliveries and hysterectomies. Validity and reliability of the different anatomical measures used has been confirmed at the beginning of the study. To control for the potential effect of pelvic size on study parameters, women were matched based on pelvic inlet length. MUI women seemed to have lower PFM resting position and pelvic organ support at rest, based on their M-Line, PCL/H-Line angle and urethrovesical (UV) junction height. However, SUI women seemed to have a PFM morphology similar to that of continent women, but presented a greater occurrence of bladder neck funnelling and a larger posterior UV angle. There were no differences in urethral sphincter morphology between the 3 groups. Functionally, as shown by the PERFECT scheme results, both UI groups had poorer PFM strength on MVC then continent women. The MUI group also showed poor PFM elevation on contraction. Conversely, women with SUI had a timing problem on cough. Conclusion: The deficits in women with SUI and MUI appear to be very different. Notwithstanding, they all support the rationale for PFM exercise treatment in older women with SUI and MUI. However, the findings suggest the need for rehabilitation treatments specificity for each UI type.
Morin, Mélanie. "La fonction musculaire du plancher pelvien chez les femmes continentes et atteintes d'incontinence urinaire à l'effort." Thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14486.
Full textMorin, Mélanie. "Propriétés passives des muscles du plancher pelvien dans le maintien de la continence urinaire chez la femme." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/18072.
Full textMercier, Joanie. "Impact d’un programme d’exercices des muscles du plancher pelvien sur les signes et symptômes du syndrome génito-urinaire de la ménopause chez la femme post-ménopausée." Thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/25412.
Full textGenitourinary syndrome of menopause (GSM) causes significant symptoms and considerable impacts on the quality of life and sexual function of postmenopausal women. Current treatments are effective in alleviating the symptoms of many women. However, in some cases, they do not relieve all symptoms, and may cause side effects and be contraindicated. In these cases, it is necessary to identify alternative or complimentary treatments for GSM. The purpose of this project was to increase knowledge on the use of a pelvic floor muscle exercise (PFME) program for the treatment of GSM in postmenopausal women. The main objectives were to: 1) evaluate the psychometric qualities of the measurement tools needed to study GSM, 2) study the feasibility and effects of a PFME program in postmenopausal women with GSM, and 3) investigate the potential mechanisms of action of PFME on GSM. Three separate projects were developed for this thesis. The first project was a case study involving a postmenopausal woman, which provided an exploration of the effects of PPME on GSM. In this case study, the woman’s signs and symptoms of GSM improved, as well as her quality of life and sexual function. Considering these results, hypotheses were proposed on the mechanisms of action responsible for the positive effects of PPME on GMS, one of which was the improvement of vulvovaginal vascularization. The second project aimed to assess the accuracy of the measurement of the vascularization of arteries related to vulvovaginal tissues, namely the internal pudendal and dorsal arteries of the clitoris, using Doppler ultrasound. Results from 20 women without urogynecological conditions supported the test-retest reliability of these measurements. For the third project, 32 postmenopausal women with GSM participated in two pre-intervention assessments, a 12-week PFME program, and a post-intervention assessment. The pre-intervention assessments confirmed the psychometric qualities of GSM measurement tools (the Most Bothersome Symptom Approach and the Atrophy Symptom Questionnaire) and the test-retest reliability of the measurement of the vascularization of the internal pudendal and dorsal clitoral artery in this population using Doppler ultrasound. Following the intervention, the results supported the feasibility of a PFME program in postmenopausal women with GSM, due to high rates of participation in the intervention and completion of the study. The results also supported the positive effect of this intervention by demonstrating a significant reduction in the severity of GSM symptoms, certain signs of GSM, and their impact on their quality of life and sexual function. Finally, the results of this study suggest an increase in vulvovaginal vascularization, an improvement in the ability to relax the pelvic floor muscles and an increase in the elasticity of vulvovaginal tissues as potential mechanisms of action of a PFME program in postmenopausal women with GSM. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.
Dumoulin, Chantale. "Efficacité des traitements physiothérapiques pour l'incontinence urinaire d'effort chez la femme en période postnatale." Thèse, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/14491.
Full textElliott, Valérie. "L’utilisation de la réadaptation par la réalité virtuelle pour traiter l’incontinence urinaire mixte de la femme âgée : une étude de faisabilité." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9141.
Full textAims: The main objective of the study was to evaluate the feasibility of using a combination of pelvic floor muscle (PFM) training and virtual reality rehabilitation (VRR) (PFM/VRR training program) to treat mixed urinary incontinence (MUI) among older women. Feasibility was defined as the participants’ rate of participation and completion of the PFM/VRR training program and of the home exercise program. The other study objectives were to evaluate the effectiveness of the PFM/VRR program on MUI symptoms, on quality of life (QoL), on PFM function and on cognitive functions, more precisely on dual-task executive functioning. Patient satisfaction was also assessed after the intervention. The study included a qualitative component aiming to gather information regarding: (1) patient-perceived facilitators and barriers to weekly PFM/VRR class attendance and (2) patient-perceived advantages and inconveniences associated with the use of VRR as a component of conventional PFM rehabilitation. Methods: Every woman participated in two pre-intervention evaluations (pre-1 & pre-2) followed by 12 weeks of a PFM/VRR training program and one post-intervention evaluation (post). Participants were also given a 20-minute static PFM home exercise program. At the end of the twelfth class, a participant group discussion was conducted. The first two evaluations were conducted 2 weeks apart to ensure consistency in the incontinence, PFM and executive functions measures prior to the intervention. Results: 24 women participated in the study. The majority of participants complied with the study demands in terms of attendance to the weekly treatment sessions (91 %), adherence to the home exercise program (92%) and completion of the three (pre-1, pre-2 and post) evaluations (96 %). The PFM/VRR training program was effective in reducing urinary incontinence symptoms, in enhancing QoL, in improving the ability of older women with MUI to manage dual-task situations and tends to improve PFM function of these women. The participant appreciation of the VRR component was 9.8/10 and the VRR component was identified by the participants as a facilitator to their weekly class participation. Conclusion: A combined PFM/VRR is an acceptable functional training approach for older women with MUI as they are capable of complying with treatment program demands.
Martin, Claudine. "Suivi à long terme de l’efficacité d’un traitement de physiothérapie sur l'incontinence urinaire d'effort persistante en période postnatale." Thèse, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/3154.
Full textStress urinary incontinence is a common condition in the postpartum period affecting up to 77% of women. Nine women out of ten still suffering from SUI three months after giving birth will have symptoms of SUI five years later. Physiotherapy treatment via pelvic floor muscles strengthening exercises is recognized as an efficient first line of treatment for SUI. Although studies have shown good short term cure rates for persistent SUI, two long term follow-ups RCT’s have demonstrated that the effect was not maintained through time. The effect of an intensive and supervised physiotherapy pelvic floor strengthening program was evaluated in a previous randomized controlled trial (RCT) seven years ago. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of this program seven years after cessation of treatment. A secondary objective is to investigate the influence of four possible predictors of long term SUI symptoms and quality of life. The 57 women who completed the initial trial were contacted by telephone and invited to participate in a 7 year follow-up. Twenty-one participants underwent the clinical evaluation and answered four questionnaires while 10 participants answered only the questionnaires. The clinical evaluation included a provocative pad test and dynamometry of the pelvic floor muscles. The main outcome measure was the 20-minute modified pad test. Secondary outcomes were pelvic floor muscle strength measure by the Montreal dynamometer, symptoms of incontinence measured by the Urogenital Distress Inventory questionnaire, quality of life measured by the Incontinence Impact Questionnaire and the perceived burden of SUI measured by the Visual Analog Scale. The evaluation was completed by a questionnaire on four potential predictors of SUI: subsequent pregnancies, chronic constipation, body mass index and the frequency of pelvic floor muscle exercises. Forty-eight percent (10/21) of the participants were continent according to the pad test. The mean improvement between baseline and seven year follow-up was 26.9 g. (SD = vii 68.0g.). There was no statistically significant difference in pelvic floor muscle strength between baseline, after treatment and the follow-up (p = 0.74). The IIQ and VAS score were significantly lower at the seven year follow-up than at baseline (IIQ: 23.4 vs 15.6 , p = 0.007 and VAS: 6.7 vs 5.1, p = 0.001). The UDI scores were higher at follow-up (15.6) than baseline (11.3, p = 0.041) and after treatment (5.7, p = 0.00). Maintaining pelvic floor exercise at seven years after treatment had a strong trend towards a decrease of 5.7 g. for pad test results (p = 0.051). Limits of this study are the small sample size and the bias related to treatment seeking behavior amongst women who agreed to participate. Nevertheless, results seem to indicate that an intensive closely supervised pelvic floor training program is effective in the long run for one woman out of two. Although symptoms of SUI, as measured by the pad test and the UDI questionnaire, seem to reappear with time, quality of life is still better seven years after treatment than at baseline. Continuation of pelvic floor exercises seems to decrease the urine leakage upon exertion and thus should be encouraged even after cessation of intense training. For logistic reasons, the data collection for this research project continued after the writing of this thesis. Final results are available from Chantale Dumoulin pht, PhD, professor at the University of Montreal.