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Academic literature on the topic 'Dynamique Comètes'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dynamique Comètes"
Fouchard, Marc. "Contribution à l'étude de la dynamique des comètes." Nice, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004NICE4090.
Full textCometary dynamics is a complex subject, characterized by various regimes of motion. In order to model cometary dynamics in a proper way, it is important to identify clearly these different regimes. This is why a fast Lyapunov indicator in the frame of gravitational continuous dynamical systems was first developed. The conditions under which a well known, published Monte Carlo method can be applied to the dynamics of Jupiter family comets were then studied. Although a number of improvements were introduced in the model, it turned out that the dynamics of Jupiter family comets is not amenable to Monte Carlo modelling du to the presence of many mean motion resonances with Jupiter. In this thesis a model which is able to reproduce effects of the galactic tide on the Oort cloud comet using a mapping is developed. This mapping correctly reproduces the dynamics of comets with semi-major axis ≤ 30000 AU, and is 500 times faster than the use of direct numerical integrations
Thomas, Fabrice. "La dynamique résonnante dans le système solaire : application au mouvement des objets transneptuniens." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998OBSP0080.
Full textThis thesis studies the resonant dynamics in the outer Solar System. The analysis consists in the determination of the properties (location and amplitude) of the mean motion, secular and Kozai resonances, which could affect the orbital evolution of a little body (asteroid or comet) under the perturbations given by more massive bodies : the planets. The case of trans-neptunian objects is considered. Now 60 in number, they belong to a new family of little bodies : the Kuiper belt. This system should collect, in addition to Pluto, several thousand very large bodies which should be the unused debris left after the formation of the planets. Both analytical and numerical explorations of the resonant structure of the Kuiper belt show that this system turns out to be made of three different parts. In the first one (between 34 and 40 AU), mean motion resonances with Neptune protect the objects from close encounters with this planet. Moreover, numerical integrations reveal that these resonances are stable over a time exceeding the age of the Solar System. All the objects present in this part are distributed in these resonances (mainly in the 2/3 with Neptune). Besides a non-resonant and very stable zone at small eccentricity is mysteriously unpopulated. In the intermediary region (between 40 and 42 AU), the dynamics is unstable because the secular resonances with Uranus and Neptune overlap and pump the eccentricity up to Neptune-crossing values. On the other hand, the resonant dynamics in the outer part of the Kuiper belt (beyond 42 AU) is very poor : there are no secular resonances and the mean motion resonances with Neptune, being very separated from each other, have little dynamical effects. The trans-neptunian objects detected in this region have quite big eccentricity and high inclination, and this fact cannot be explained by pure dynamics but requires the investigation of primordial mechanisms of excitation
Gkotsinas, Anastasios. "On the pristine nature of cometary nuclei : coupled modeling of their thermal and dynamical evolution." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LYO10144.
Full textComets are a population of small Solar System bodies, often described as the most primitive population in our Solar System, holding valuable information on its formation and evolution. Formed early, at the same time as the giant planets, in the outer parts of the protoplanetary disk and scattered outwards shortly after their formation towards distant and cold reservoirs, they are considered to have preserved their primordial composition and properties to a great extent. However, the level of this primitive nature has started to be reevaluated recently, as a growing body of observational evidence and an important number of theoretical studies are suggesting the possibility of thermally-induced alterations before their return to the inner parts of the Solar System, where they are usually studied and observed. In this context, our work aims to examine the level of the primitive nature of different cometary families in our Solar System. To do so, we developed a dedicated thermal evolution model, designed for an efficient coupling to N-body simulations, tracking the long-term orbital evolution of planetesimals, originating in the outer parts of the protoplanetary disk and evolving into planetary-crossing orbits after a prolonged stay in outer Solar System reservoirs. Our results reveal the possibility of thermal processing, affecting mainly the primordial condensed hyper-volatile content and on a lesser extent the primordial moderately-volatile and amorphous water ice content, during the early phases of a comet's lifetime. A comparative study is indicating that long-period comets are expected to be the least altered population. Intense, yet sporadic, activity is also recorded in the planetary region, as comets return in the inner Solar System, compatible with the current observables on the Centaur population. These results indicate that the thermal evolution of cometary nuclei is inextricably related to their orbital evolution. They are also indicating that the cometary activity observed in the inner parts of the Solar System is very likely triggered from thermally processed subsurface layers, highlighting the necessity of considering the past evolutionary history of comets when interpreting the current observations in a broader context
Briani, Giacomo. "Modern and ancient micrometeorites : experimental and numerical studies." Phd thesis, Museum national d'histoire naturelle - MNHN PARIS, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00606512.
Full textBriani, Giacomo. "Modern and ancient micrometeorites : experimental and numerical studies." Phd thesis, Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0008.
Full textMicrometeorites are sub-millimetric extraterrestrial samples, which dominate the flux of extraterrestrial matter entering the Earth atmosphere. Every micrometeorite is altered by the interaction with the atmosphere. However, they can be found embedded in larger meteorites, in which case they are called microxenoliths. Microxenoliths are ancient micrometeorites, and they allow the study of past epochs of the Solar System, not accessible by studying micrometeorites. New microxenoliths have been discovered and studied in H chondrites and in the carbonaceous chondrite Isheyevo. Many different techniques (scanning and transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, mass spectrometry) have been applied to characterize them. Also, numerical simulations have been performed to investigate their origin and the effects they suffer during the passage through the Earth atmosphere
Schmitt, Bernard. "La Surface de la glace structure, dynamique et interactions, implications astrophysiques /." Phd thesis, Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37601091r.
Full textBoudin, Fabienne. "Exploration des systèmes dynamiques spin-orbite : aspects théoriques et applications (lune, comètes, satellites)." Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 1995. https://hal.science/tel-02095450.
Full textDesvoivres, Emmanuel. "Modélisation de la dynamique des fragments cométaires : application à la comète C/1996 B2 Hyakutake." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1999. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009012.
Full textCometary nuclei are among the most pristine bodies in the Solar System. They are almost impossible to observe directly. The study of the dynamics of the cometary fragments provide an indirect way to characterize them. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the understanding of this phenomenon. Comet C/1996 B2 Hyakutake passed within 15 million kilometers of the Earth in March 1996. Bright condensations were observed in the near-nucleus coma, in the anti-solar direction. Observations coming from various observatories were gathered and processed in order to obtain the precise temporal evolution of the positions of bright condensations with respect to the nucleus. With the assumption that these condensations were due to icy cometary fragments, a model was developed for the dynamics of these fragments. Three forces were considered: the gravity of the Sun, their mutual gravity, and a non-gravitational force due to the sublimation of the water ice. The positions of the fragments were computed by a direct numerical integration of the relevant forces. An excellent agreement was obtained with the observations of comet Hyakutake, suggesting the existence of seven fragments. The products of their density and their radii are near 10000 kg. M-2. Their separation dates have been correlated to an outburst of the comet. The model was applied to comet 46P/Wirtanen, target of the space mission Rosetta. Trajectories of several thousands of hypothetical fragments were computed, and then statistically processed. It was shown that the probability of presence of a fragment in the coma is not isotropic. Recommendations were deduced in order to reduce the collisional risks
Rollin, Guillaume. "Chaos dynamique dans le problème à trois corps restreint." Thesis, Besançon, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BESA2028/document.
Full textThis work is devoted to the study of the restricted 3-body problem and particularly to the capture-evolution-ejection process of particles by binary systems (star-planet, binary star, star-supermassive black hole, binary black hole, ...). First, using a generalized Kepler map, we describe, through the case of 1P/Halley, the chaotic dynamics of comets in the Solar System. The here considered binary system is the couple Sun-Jupiter. The symplectic application we use allows us to depict the main characteristics of the dynamics: chaotic trajectories, KAM islands associated to resonances with Jupiter orbital motion, ... We determine exactly and semi-analytically the exchange of energy (kick function) between the Solar System and 1P/Halley at its passage at perihelion. This kick function is the sum of the contributions of 3-body problems Sun-planet-comet associated to the eight planets. We show that each one of these contributions can be split in a keplerian term associated to the planet gravitational potential and a dipolar term due to the Sun movement around Solar System center of mass. We also use the generalized Kepler map to study the capture of dark matter particles by binary systems. We derive the capture cross section showing that long range capture is far more efficient than close encounter induced capture. We show the importance of the rotation velocity of the binary in the capture process. Particularly, a binary system with an ultrafast rotation velocity accumulates a density of captured matter up to 10^4 times the density of the incoming flow of matter. Finally, by direct integration of the planar restricted 3-body problem equations of motion, we study the ejection of particles initially captured by a binary system. In the case of a binary with two components of comparable masses, although almost all the particles are immediately ejected, we show, on Poincaré sections, that the trace of remaining particles in the vicinity of the binary form a fractal structure associated to a strange repeller associated to chaotic open systems. This fractal structure, also present in real space, has a shape of two arm spiral sharing similarities with spiral structures observed in galaxies such as the Milky Way
Beust, Hervé. "Dynamique interne du disque protoplanétaire autour de l'étoile beta Pictoris." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00725138.
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