Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dynamic X-ray imaging

Academic literature on the topic 'Dynamic X-ray imaging'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Dynamic X-ray imaging"

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Evans, J. P. O., and H. W. Hon. "Dynamic stereoscopic X-ray imaging." NDT & E International 35, no. 5 (July 2002): 337–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0963-8695(01)00061-5.

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Haidekker, Mark A., Logan Dain-kelley Morrison, Ajay Sharma, and Emily Burke. "Enhanced dynamic range x-ray imaging." Computers in Biology and Medicine 82 (March 2017): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compbiomed.2017.01.014.

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Cnudde, Veerle, Tim De Kock, Marijn Boone, Wesley De Boever, Tom Bultreys, Jeroen Van Stappen, Delphine Vandevoorde, et al. "Conservation studies of cultural heritage: X-ray imaging of dynamic processes in building materials." European Journal of Mineralogy 27, no. 3 (June 17, 2015): 269–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/2015/0027-2444.

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Cao, Guohua, Jian Zhang, Otto Zhou, and Jianping Lu. "Temporal multiplexing radiography for dynamic x-ray imaging." Review of Scientific Instruments 80, no. 9 (September 2009): 093902. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3215939.

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Patera, Alessandra, Carolina Arboleda, Veronica Ferrero, Elisa Fiorina, Konstantins Jefimovs, Alessandro Lo Giudice, Felix Mas Milian, et al. "X-ray grating interferometry design for the 4D GRAPH-X system." Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 55, no. 4 (October 25, 2021): 045103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6463/ac2fd6.

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Abstract The 4D GRAPH-X (Dynamic GRAting-based PHase contrast x-ray imaging) project aims at developing a prototype of an x-ray grating-based phase-contrast imaging scanner in a laboratory setting, which is based on the Moirè single-shot acquisition method in order to be optimized for analysing moving objects (in the specific case, a dynamic thorax phantom), that could evolve into a suitable tool for biomedical applications although it can be extended to other application fields. When designing an x-ray Talbot-Lau interferometer, high visibility and sensitivity are two important figures of merit, strictly related to the performance of the system in obtaining high quality phase contrast and dark-field images. Wave field simulations are performed to optimize the setup specifications and construct a high-resolution and high-sensitivity imaging system. In this work, the design of a dynamic imaging setup using a conventional milli-focus x-ray source is presented. Optimization by wave front simulations leads to a symmetric configuration with 5.25 μm pitch at third Talbot order and 45 keV design energy. The simulated visibility is about 22%. Results from GATE based Monte Carlo simulations show a 19% transmission percentage of the incoming beam into the detector after passing through all the gratings and the sample. Such results are promising in view of building a system optimized for dynamic imaging.
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Pillers, Roy A., and Theodore J. Heindel. "Dynamic visualization of hydrate formation using X-ray imaging." Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering 200 (May 2021): 108334. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.petrol.2020.108334.

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Wroblewski, Thomas, and Adeline Buffet. "Recrystallization Investigated by X- Ray Diffraction Imaging." Materials Science Forum 550 (July 2007): 631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.550.631.

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X-ray diffraction imaging allows the investigation of a large area of a polycrystalline specimen in a single shot. Dynamic processes like recystallization can, therefore, be studied without prior knowledge of where they occur. Even early stages of nucleation can be traced back using the information from images taken from the fully recrystallized specimen. Experiments performed at HASYLAB beamline G3 on cold rolled Cu and Al showed nucleation and growth behaviour that cannot be explained by classical models.
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Parab, Niranjan D., Cang Zhao, Ross Cunningham, Luis I. Escano, Kamel Fezzaa, Wes Everhart, Anthony D. Rollett, Lianyi Chen, and Tao Sun. "Ultrafast X-ray imaging of laser–metal additive manufacturing processes." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 25, no. 5 (August 14, 2018): 1467–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577518009554.

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The high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging technique was synchronized with a custom-built laser-melting setup to capture the dynamics of laser powder-bed fusion processes in situ. Various significant phenomena, including vapor-depression and melt-pool dynamics and powder-spatter ejection, were captured with high spatial and temporal resolution. Imaging frame rates of up to 10 MHz were used to capture the rapid changes in these highly dynamic phenomena. At the same time, relatively slow frame rates were employed to capture large-scale changes during the process. This experimental platform will be vital in the further understanding of laser additive manufacturing processes and will be particularly helpful in guiding efforts to reduce or eliminate microstructural defects in additively manufactured parts.
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Morgan, Kaye Susannah, David Parsons, Patricia Cmielewski, Alexandra McCarron, Regine Gradl, Nigel Farrow, Karen Siu, et al. "Methods for dynamic synchrotron X-ray respiratory imaging in live animals." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 27, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 164–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577519014863.

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Small-animal physiology studies are typically complicated, but the level of complexity is greatly increased when performing live-animal X-ray imaging studies at synchrotron and compact light sources. This group has extensive experience in these types of studies at the SPring-8 and Australian synchrotrons, as well as the Munich Compact Light Source. These experimental settings produce unique challenges. Experiments are always performed in an isolated radiation enclosure not specifically designed for live-animal imaging. This requires equipment adapted to physiological monitoring and test-substance delivery, as well as shuttering to reduce the radiation dose. Experiment designs must also take into account the fixed location, size and orientation of the X-ray beam. This article describes the techniques developed to overcome the challenges involved in respiratory X-ray imaging of live animals at synchrotrons, now enabling increasingly sophisticated imaging protocols.
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Schröter, Tobias J., Frieder Koch, Pascal Meyer, Martin Baumann, Daniel Münch, Danays Kunka, Sabine Engelhardt, Marcus Zuber, Tilo Baumbach, and Jürgen Mohr. "Large area gratings by x-ray LIGA dynamic exposure for x-ray phase-contrast imaging." Journal of Micro/Nanolithography, MEMS, and MOEMS 16, no. 1 (January 12, 2017): 013501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.jmm.16.1.013501.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dynamic X-ray imaging"

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Lee, Tiffany (Tiffany Ting). "Long range x-ray imaging utilizing coded aperture techniques and dynamic reconstruction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/44837.

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Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2008.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 50).
Improvised explosive devices (IED) pose a very serious threat to civilians and military forces around the world, and new technologies must be developed for the early detection of these objects. Because of the high concentrations of low atomic number material such as nitrogen and hydrogen present in these explosives, x-ray backscattering provides a viable method of collecting information about these targets by analyzing their shape. Furthermore, a coded aperture used in conjunction with dynamic reconstruction algorithms offers high sensitivity and resolution even while the target is moving towards the detector. This paper describes a lab-based system that simulated a source-target-detector arrangement to be utilized in a radiation detecting vehicle in order to test dynamic reconstruction methods. Using a 225 kVp x-ray tube as the source, a medical CT-system camera fitted with a drill mask of 50% fill factor as the detector, and both radioisotope sources and low Z backscatter targets, images were acquired and reconstructed. The geometry of the experimental setup was optimized to reduce background noise from air scatter and environmental sources, as well as to prevent incident photons from directly reaching the detector from the x-ray tube. Measurements of a Co-60 point source and Co-57 area source with high activity generated high contrast images for which the shapes of the sources were clearly resolved. Acquisitions with varying target-detector distance of low Z materials, including a filled water jug and a four inch thick polyethylene arrow, produced lower contrast images in which the shapes were not as easily distinguished. The radioisotope tests were a proof of principle for dynamic reconstruction and the backscatter targets provided much insight on methods for improving the lab system, including the addition of steel behind the target, the narrowing of the detector energy window, and reassessment of the x-ray cone-beam.
by Tiffany Lee.
S.B.
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Jones, Cameron Christopher. "VALIDATION OF COMPUTATIONAL FLUID DYNAMIC SIMULATIONS OF MEMBRANE ARTIFICIAL LUNGS WITH X-RAY IMAGING." UKnowledge, 2012. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cbme_etds/2.

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The functional performance of membrane oxygenators is directly related to the perfusion dynamics of blood flow through the fiber bundle. Non-uniform flow and design characteristics can limit gas exchange efficiency and influence susceptibility of thrombus development in the fiber membrane. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is a powerful tool for predicting properties of the flow field based on prescribed geometrical domains and boundary conditions. Validation of numerical results in membrane oxygenators has been predominantly based on experimental pressure measurements with little emphasis placed on confirmation of the velocity fields due to opacity of the fiber membrane and limitations of optical velocimetric methods. A novel approach was developed using biplane X-ray digital subtraction angiography to visualize flow through a commercial membrane artificial lung at 1–4.5 L/min. Permeability based on the coefficients of the Ergun equation, α and β, were experimentally determined to be 180 and 2.4, respectively, and the equivalent spherical diameter was shown to be approximately equal to the outer fiber diameter. For all flow rates tested, biplane image projections revealed non-uniform radial perfusion through the annular fiber bundle, yet without flow bias due to the axisymmetric position of the outlet. At 1 L/min, approximately 78.2% of the outward velocity component was in the radial (horizontal) plane verses 92.0% at 4.5 L/min. The CFD studies were unable to predict the non-radial component of the outward perfusion. Two-dimensional velocity fields were generated from the radiographs using a cross-correlation tracking algorithm and compared with analogous image planes from the CFD simulations. Velocities in the non-porous regions differed by an average of 11% versus the experimental values, but simulated velocities in the fiber bundle were on average 44% lower than experimental. A corrective factor reduced the average error differences in the porous medium to 6%. Finally, biplane image pairs were reconstructed to show 3-D transient perfusion through the device. The methods developed from this research provide tools for more accurate assessments of fluid flow through membrane oxygenators. By identifying non-invasive techniques to allow direct analysis of numerical and experimental velocity fields, researchers can better evaluate device performance of new prototype designs.
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Gradl, Regine [Verfasser], Franz [Akademischer Betreuer] Pfeiffer, Jan J. [Gutachter] Wilkens, and Franz [Gutachter] Pfeiffer. "Dynamic Phase-Contrast X-ray Imaging at an Inverse Compton Source / Regine Gradl ; Gutachter: Jan J. Wilkens, Franz Pfeiffer ; Betreuer: Franz Pfeiffer." München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1200547918/34.

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Chembrolu, Venkatesh. "Time-resolved X-ray imaging of magnetization dynamics in spin transfer torque devices /." May be available electronically:, 2008. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Tan, Dongyue. "In situ ultrafast synchrotron X-ray imaging studies of the dynamics of ultrasonic bubbles in liquids." Thesis, University of Hull, 2015. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:12399.

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The research studies the highly dynamic and transient behaviour of ultrasonic bubbles in liquids of different physical properties, including water, silicone oil, and liquid metals. A novel ultrasound solidification apparatus as well as the special sample containers and the relevant control systems were designed, built and commissioned for this research. Systematic in situ experiments were conducted using this novel apparatus at the ultrafast synchrotron X-ray imaging (271,554 fps) beamline, the sector 32-ID-B of Advanced Photon Source (APS) and the high speed X-ray imaging beamline, I12 of Diamond Light Source (DLS) in 2011-2015. A huge amount of real-time images were obtained in this research, a procedure and the relevant in-house Matlab code were developed to analyse those images and extract the key information for understanding the highly dynamic behaviour of the nucleation, oscillation, implosion, coalescence of ultrasonic bubbles and bubble cloud. The ultrasound induced acoustic flows coupled with bubbles and particles were also investigated, and their effects on liquid-solid interface during the solidification of a Bi-8%Zn were analysed and quantified. The experiments were complemented by the modelling and simulations of the acoustic pressure field, the bubble dynamics using the classical Helmholtz Equation and Gilmore model, providing more quantitative understanding for the interactions of ultrasonic waves and bubbles with the liquids and the solid phases in the liquids. The key research findings are:  For bubble implosion: For the first time, bubble implosion in liquid metal was captured in real-time and in situ. In both water and liquid Bi-8%Zn, compressed gas cores were found at the centre of the imploding bubble with shock waves emitted outwards from the centre.  For bubble oscillations at quasi-steady state condition, the measured bubble radii agree well with the predictions made by Gilmore model for all liquids studied in this research.  For bubble coalescence, the time needed for liquid Bi-8%Zn cannot be predicted using either the no-slip or the free interface model. A new power law model is developed and the prediction made using this new model agrees well with the experiments.  For the first time, in metal alloys, the in situ and real-time studies proved that the ultrasonic bubbles and the acoustic flows are capable of fracturing and detaching the solid phases from the liquid-solid interface.  Temperature fluctuations caused by applying ultrasound in Bi-8%Zn during solidification is capable of detaching the solid phases from the liquid-solid interface. However, it is less important and slower than acoustic flows and ultrasonic bubbles.  Ultrasound power is a dominant parameter for the interactions of ultrasonic bubbles, acoustic flows, temperature fluctuations with liquid-solid interface.
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Östlin, Christofer. "Single-molecule X-ray free-electron laser imaging : Interconnecting sample orientation with explosion data." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för biologisk grundutbildning, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-231009.

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X-ray crystallography has been around for 100 years and remains the preferred technique for solving molecular structures today. However, its reliance on the production of sufficiently large crystals is limiting, considering that crystallization cannot be achieved for a vast range of biomolecules. A promising way of circumventing this problem is the method of serial femtosecond imaging of single-molecules or nanocrystals utilizing an X-ray free-electron laser. In such an approach, X-ray pulses brief enough to outrun radiation damage and intense enough to provide usable diffraction signals are employed. This way accurate snapshots can be collected one at a time, despite the sample molecule exploding immediately following the pulse due to extreme ionization. But as opposed to in conventional crystallography, the spatial orientation of the molecule at the time of X-ray exposure is generally unknown. Consequentially, assembling the snapshots to form a three-dimensional representation of the structure of interest is cumbersome, and normally tackled using algorithms to analyze the diffraction patterns. Here we explore the idea that the explosion data can provide useful insights regarding the orientation of ubiquitin, a eukaryotic regulatory protein. Through two series of molecular dynamics simulations totaling 588 unique explosions, we found that a majority of the carbon atoms prevalent in ubiquitin are directionally limited in their respective escape paths. As such we conclude it to be theoretically possible to orient a sample with known structure based on its explosion pattern. Working with an unknown sample, we suggest these discoveries could be applicable in tandem with X-ray diffraction data to optimize image assembly.
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Caleman, Carl. "Towards Single Molecule Imaging - Understanding Structural Transitions Using Ultrafast X-ray Sources and Computer Simulations." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7915.

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Jönsson, Olof. "Ultrafast Structural and Electron Dynamics in Soft Matter Exposed to Intense X-ray Pulses." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Molekyl- och kondenserade materiens fysik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-331936.

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Investigations of soft matter using ultrashort high intensity pulses have been made possible through the advent of X-ray free-electrons lasers. The last decade has seen the development of a new type of protein crystallography where femtosecond dynamics can be studied, and single particle imaging with atomic resolution is on the horizon. The pulses are so intense that any sample quickly turns into a plasma. This thesis studies the ultrafast transition from soft matter to warm dense matter, and the implications for structural determination of proteins.                    We use non-thermal plasma simulations to predict ultrafast structural and electron dynamics. Changes in atomic form factors due to the electronic state, and displacement as a function of temperature, are used to predict Bragg signal intensity in protein nanocrystals. The damage processes started by the pulse will gate the diffracted signal within the pulse duration, suggesting that long pulses are useful to study protein structure. This illustrates diffraction-before-destruction in crystallography. The effect from a varying temporal photon distribution within a pulse is also investigated. A well-defined initial front determines the quality of the diffracted signal. At lower intensities, the temporal shape of the X-ray pulse will affect the overall signal strength; at high intensities the signal level will be strongly dependent on the resolution. Water is routinely used to deliver biological samples into the X-ray beam. Structural dynamics in water exposed to intense X-rays were investigated with simulations and experiments. Using pulses of different duration, we found that non-thermal heating will affect the water structure on a time scale longer than 25 fs but shorter than 75 fs. Modeling suggests that a loss of long-range coordination of the solvation shells accounts for the observed decrease in scattering signal. The feasibility of using X-ray emission from plasma as an indicator for hits in serial diffraction experiments is studied. Specific line emission from sulfur at high X-ray energies is suitable for distinguishing spectral features from proteins, compared to emission from delivery liquids. We find that plasma emission continues long after the femtosecond pulse has ended, suggesting that spectrum-during-destruction could reveal information complementary to diffraction.
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Bell, Jayna T. (Jayna Teresa). "Detection of improvised explosive devices at long-range using coded aperture imaging of backscattered X-rays with dynamic reconstruction." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/53279.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Nuclear Science and Engineering, 2009.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 117-118).
Standoff detection of improvised explosive devices (IEDs) is a continuing problem for the U.S. military. Current X-ray detection systems cannot detect explosives at distances above a few meters and with a source-detector system moving in relation to the target. The aim of this study is to determine the feasibility of a large-area, Coded-Aperture Imaging (CAI) system using X-Ray backscatter as the source of radiation. A moving source-detector system required development of a new reconstruction technique, dynamic reconstruction (DR), which continually back-projects detected events on an event-by-event basis. This research imaged multiple low-Z (polyethylene and water-filled), area targets with backscattered X-rays using standard medical imaging equipment, coded aperture masks with ideal bi-level autocorrelation properties, and dynamic reconstruction (DR). Lower fill factor apertures were the primary metric investigated because contrast was shown to be inversely related to the mask's percentage of open area. This study experimentally determined the optimal mask fill factor, gamma camera imaging protocols, and experimental geometry by examining the resulting effects on image quality. Reconstructed images were analyzed for Contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), Signal-to-noise Ratio (SNR), resolution, sharpness, the uniformity of the background (artifacts). In addition to changing the fill factor, additional methods of improving the contrast included changing the experimental geometry, reducing the X-ray tube filtration, and widening the X-ray source's cone beam (FOV).
(cont.) 14 studies were performed that found 25% fill factor mask reconstructions had the highest average CNR (14.7), compared to 50% and 12.5% fill factor (CNRs 8.50 and 6.9, respectively) with a system resolution of 25 mm at the target. Thus, this study's techniques confirmed that large-area, low fill factor coded apertures could successfully be used, in conjunction with dynamic reconstruction, to image complex, extended scenes at 5 meters with capabilities of up to 50 meters or more.
by Jayna T. Bell.
S.M.
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Mohee, Lakshana. "Collagen scaffolds for tissue engineering : the relationship between microstructure, fluid dynamics, mechanics and scaffold deformation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/276980.

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Collagen scaffolds are porous structures which are used in bioreactors and in a wide range of tissue engineering applications. In these contexts, the scaffolds may be subjected to conditions in which fluid is forced through the structure and the scaffold is simultaneously compressed. It is clear that fluid transport within collagen scaffolds, and the inter-relationships between permeability, scaffold structure, fluid pressure and scaffold deformation are of key importance. However, these relationships remain poorly understood. In this thesis, a series of isotropic collagen structures were produced using a freeze-drying technique from aqueous slurry concentrations 0.5, 0.75 and 1 wt%, and fully characterised using X-ray micro-tomography and compression testing. It was found that collagen wt% influenced structural parameters such as pore size, porosity, relative density and mechanical properties. Percolation theory was used to investigate the pore interconnectivity of each scaffold. Structures with lower collagen fraction resulted in larger percolation diameters, but lower mechanical stiffness. Aligned collagen scaffolds were also produced by altering the freeze-drying protocol and using different types of mould materials and designs. It was found that a polycarbonate mould with stainless base resulted in vertically aligned structures with low angular variation. When compared with isotropic scaffolds from slurry of the same concentration, aligned scaffolds had a larger percolation diameter. Tortuosity was used as a mathematical tool to characterise the interconnected pathways within each porous structure. The effect of the size of the region of interest (ROI) chosen and the size of the virtual probe particle used in the analysis on the values of tortuosity calculated were determined and an optimised calculation methodology developed. Increasing the collagen fraction within isotropic scaffolds increased the tortuosity, and aligned structures had smaller tortuosity values than their isotropic counterparts. Permeability studies were conducted using two complementary experimental rigs designed to cover a range of pressure regimes and the results were compared with predictions from mathematical models and computational simulations. At low pressures, it was found that the lower collagen fraction structures, which had more open morphologies, had higher permeabilities. Alignment of the structure also enhanced permeability. The scaffolds all experienced deformation at high pressures resulting in a restriction of fluid flow. The lower collagen fraction scaffolds experienced a sharper decrease in permeability with increased pressure and aligned structures were more responsive to deformation than their isotropic counterparts. The inter-relationships between permeability, scaffold structure, fluid pressure and deformation of collagen scaffolds were explored. For isotropic samples, permeability followed a broad $(1- \epsilon)^2$ behaviour with strain as predicted by a tetrakaidecahedral structural model, with the constant of proportionality changing with collagen fraction. In contrast, the aligned structures did not follow this behaviour with the permeability dropping much more sharply in the early stages of compression. Open-cell polyurethane (PU) foams, sometimes used as dressings in wound healing applications, are often compared with collagen scaffolds in permeability models and were used in this thesis as a comparison structure. The foam had a higher permeability than the scaffolds due to its larger pore sizes and higher interconnectivity. In the light of the effects of compression on permeability, the changes in porous structure with compression were explored in isotropic and aligned 0.75 wt% scaffolds. Unlike the fluid flow experiments, these experiments were carried out in the dry state. Deformation in simple linear compression and in step-wise compression was studied, and the stress relaxation behaviour of the scaffolds characterised. A methodology was developed to characterise the structural changes accompanying compression using X-ray micro-tomography with an in situ compression stage. The methodology accounted for the need for samples to remain unchanged during the scan collection period for stable image reconstruction. The scaffolds were studied in uniaxial compression and biaxial compression and it was found that pore size and percolation diameter decreased with increasing compressive strain, while the tortuosity increased. The aligned structure was less affected than the isotropic at low compressions, in contrast to the results from the permeability study in which the aligned structure was more responsive to strain. This suggests that the degree of hydration may affect the structural changes observed. The insights gained in this study of the inter-relationships between microstructure, fluid dynamics and deformation in collagen scaffolds are of relevance to the informed design of porous structures for medical applications.
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Books on the topic "Dynamic X-ray imaging"

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Stevens, Greg. Dynamic X-ray Imaging Systems Used in Medicine. IOP Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/978-0-7503-3819-6.

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Mancini, Lucia, Fabio Arzilli, Margherita Polacci, and Marco Voltolini, eds. Recent Advancements in X-Ray and Neutron Imaging of Dynamic Processes in Earth Sciences. Frontiers Media SA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/978-2-88966-137-4.

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Delgado Martín, Jordi, Andrea Muñoz-Ibáñez, and Ismael Himar Falcón-Suárez. 6th International Workshop on Rock Physics: A Coruña, Spain 13 -17 June 2022: Book of Abstracts. 2022nd ed. Servizo de Publicacións da UDC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.17979/spudc.000005.

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[Abstract] The 6th International Workshop on Rock Physics (6IWRP) was held A Coruña, Spain, between 13th and 17th of June, 2022. This meeting follows the track of the five successful encounters held in Golden (USA, 2011), Southampton (UK, 2013), Perth (Australia, 2015), Trondheim (Norway, 2017) and Hong Kong (China, 2019). The aim of the workshop was to bring together experiences allowing to illustrate, discuss and exchange recent advances in the wide realm of rock physics, including theoretical developments, in situ and laboratory scale experiments as well as digital analysis. While rock physics is at the core of the oil & gas industry applications, it is also essential to enable the energy transition challenge (e.g. CO2 and H2 storage, geothermal), ensure a safe and adequate use of natural resources and develop efficient waste management strategies. The topics of 6IWRP covered a broad spectrum of rock physics-related research activities, including: • Experimental rock physics. New techniques, approaches and applications; Characterization of the static and dynamic properties of rocks and fluids; Multiphysics measurements (NMR, electrical resistivity…); Deep/crustal scale rock physics. • Modelling and multiscale applications: from the lab to the field. Numerical analysis and model development; Data science applications; Upscaling; Microseismicity and earthquakes; Subsurface stresses and tectonic deformations. • Coupled phenomena and rock properties: exploring interactions. Anisotropy; Flow and fractures; Temperature effects; Rock-fluid interaction; Fluid and pressure effects on geophysical signatures. • The energy transition challenge. Applications to energy storage (hydrogen storage in porous media), geothermal resources, energy production (gas hydrates), geological utilization and storage of CO2, nuclear waste disposal. • Rock physics templates: advances and applications. Quantitative assessment; Applications to reser voir characterization (role of seismic wave anisotropy and fracture networks). • Advanced rock physics tools. Machine learning; application of imaging (X-ray CT, X-ray μCT, FIB-SEM…) to obtain rock proper ties. This book compiles more than 50 abstracts, summarizing the works presented in the 6IWRP by rock physicists from all over the world, belonging to both academia and industry. This book means an updated overview of the rock physics research worldwide.
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Covic, Adrian, Mugurel Apetrii, Luminita Voroneanu, and David J. Goldsmith. Vascular calcification. Edited by David J. Goldsmith. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199592548.003.0120_update_001.

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Vascular calcification (VC) is a common feature of patients with advanced CKD and it could be, at least in part, the cause of increased cardiovascular mortality in these patients. From a morphologic point of view, there are at least two types of pathologic calcium phosphate deposition in the arterial wall—namely, intima calcification (mostly associated with atherosclerotic plaques) and media calcification (associated with stiffening of the vasculature, resulting in significantly adverse cardiovascular outcomes). Although VC was viewed initially as a passive phenomenon, it appears to be a cell-mediated, dynamic, and actively regulated process that closely resembles the formation of normal bone tissue, as discovered recently. VC seems to be the result of the dysregulation of the equilibrium between promoters and inhibitors. The determinants are mostly represented by altered calcium and phosphorus metabolism, secondary hyperparathyroidism, vitamin D excess, high fibroblast growth factor 23, and high levels of indoxyl sulphate or leptin; meanwhile, the inhibitors are vitamin K, fetuin A, matrix G1a protein, osteoprotegerin, and pyrophosphate. A number of non-invasive imaging techniques are available to investigate cardiac and vascular calcification: plain X-rays, to identify macroscopic calcifications of the aorta and peripheral arteries; two-dimensional ultrasound for investigating the calcification of carotid arteries, femoral arteries, and aorta; echocardiography, for assessment of valvular calcification; and, of course, computed tomography technologies, which constitute the gold standard for quantification of coronary artery and aorta calcification. All these methods have a series of advantages and limitations. The treatment/ prevention of VC is currently mostly around calcium-mineral bone disease interventions, and unproven. There are interesting hypotheses around vitamin K, Magnesium, sodium thiosulphate and other potential agents.
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Book chapters on the topic "Dynamic X-ray imaging"

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Skurowski, Przemysław, and Kamila Wicher. "High Dynamic Range in X-ray Imaging." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 39–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91211-0_4.

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Jensen, B. J., B. Branch, F. J. Cherne, A. Mandal, D. S. Montgomery, A. J. Iverson, and C. Carlson. "Examining Material Response Using X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 89–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95089-1_14.

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Chiang, Po-Ju, Runbo Jiang, Ross Cunningham, Niranjan Parab, Cang Zhao, Kamel Fezzaa, Tao Sun, and Anthony D. Rollett. "In Situ Characterization of Hot Cracking Using Dynamic X-Ray Radiography." In Advanced Real Time Imaging II, 77–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-06143-2_8.

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Zhou, Otto, Guohua Cao, Yueh Z. Lee, and Jianping Lu. "Carbon Nanotube X-Ray for Dynamic Micro-CT Imaging of Small Animal Models." In Nanoplatform-Based Molecular Imaging, 139–58. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470767047.ch6.

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Mandal, A., M. Hudspeth, B. J. Jensen, and S. Root. "Shock Compaction of Al Powder Examined by X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging." In Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Volume 1, 269–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95089-1_50.

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Gregory, P. J., D. J. Hutchison, D. B. Read, P. M. Jenneson, W. B. Gilboy, and E. J. Morton. "Non-invasive imaging of roots with high resolution X-ray micro-tomography." In Roots: The Dynamic Interface between Plants and the Earth, 351–59. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2923-9_34.

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Jung, N., F. Busse, N. Conrads, H. Meulenbrugge, W. Rütten, H. Stouten, and H. Wieczorek. "Dynamic X-Ray Imaging System based on an all-solid-state Detector." In Bildverarbeitung für die Medizin 1998, 73–77. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58775-7_13.

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Patel, Tushita, Kelly Klanian, Zongyi Gong, and Mark B. Williams. "Detective Quantum Efficiency of a CsI-CMOS X-ray Detector for Breast Tomosynthesis Operating in High Dynamic Range and High Sensitivity Modes." In Breast Imaging, 80–87. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-31271-7_11.

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Pierret, Alain, Mac Kirby, and Chris Moran. "Simultaneous X-ray imaging of plant root growth and water uptake in thin-slab systems." In Roots: The Dynamic Interface between Plants and the Earth, 361–73. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-2923-9_35.

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Emelin, Mikhail Yu, Mikhail Yu Ryabikin, and Alexander M. Sergeev. "Quantum Interference in Ionization of Excited Molecules: X-Ray Emission Control and Dynamic Imaging." In Springer Series in Chemical Physics, 75–88. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-15054-8_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dynamic X-ray imaging"

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Lambropoulos, C. P., V. V. Zografos, G. Theodoratos, and D. Loukas. "X-Ray wide dynamic range imaging." In 2014 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2014.7431040.

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Overdick, Michael, Torsten Solf, and Hans-Aloys Wischmann. "Temporal artifacts in flat dynamic x-ray detectors." In Medical Imaging 2001, edited by Larry E. Antonuk and Martin J. Yaffe. SPIE, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.430913.

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Menser, Bernd, Raoul J. Bastiaens, Augusto Nascetti, Michael Overdick, and Matthias Simon. "Linear system models for lag in flat dynamic x-ray detectors." In Medical Imaging, edited by Michael J. Flynn. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.594518.

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Ganguly, Arundhuti, Pieter G. Roos, Tom Simak, J. Michael Yu, Steven Freestone, Donald Hondongwa, Richard E. Colbeth, and Ivan P. Mollov. "X-ray performance of new high dynamic range CMOS detector." In Physics of Medical Imaging, edited by Guang-Hong Chen, Joseph Y. Lo, and Taly Gilat Schmidt. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2293771.

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Morgan, Kaye S., David M. Paganin, David W. Parsons, Martin Donnelley, Naoto Yagi, Kentaro Uesugi, Yoshio Suzuki, Akihisa Takeuchi, and Karen K. W. Siu. "Single grating x-ray imaging for dynamic biological systems." In INTERNATIONAL WORKSHOP ON X-RAY AND NEUTRON PHASE IMAGING WITH GRATINGS. AIP, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4742280.

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Hofmann, Thomas, Markus Hertlein, Frank Nachtrab, and Norman Uhlmann. "High dynamic range x-ray flux monitoring system." In 2012 IEEE Nuclear Science Symposium and Medical Imaging Conference (2012 NSS/MIC). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nssmic.2012.6551314.

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Maes, Willem H., Olivier Tousignant, Ruud J. M. Vullers, Yves Kessener, James J. Miller, and Inge M. Peters. "Extended dynamic range CMOS active pixel architecture for X-ray detectors." In Physics of Medical Imaging, edited by Hilde Bosmans and Guang-Hong Chen. SPIE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2549236.

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Ying, Jia-ju, Yong-qiang He, Bing Zhou, and Yu-dan Chen. "Design and implementation of the infrared dynamic camouflage array." In Second Symposium on Novel Technology of X-Ray Imaging, edited by Peng Liu, Yangchao Tian, and Tiqiao Xiao. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2522943.

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Boyd, Douglas P. "Dynamic cardiopulmonary imaging by x-ray CT: a view to the future." In Medical Imaging '98, edited by Eric A. Hoffman. SPIE, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.312552.

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Groh, Burkhard A., Bernhard Sandkamp, Mathias Hoernig, Volker K. Heer, Falko Busse, and Thierry Ducourant. "Photodiode gain calibration of flat dynamic x-ray detectors using reset light." In Medical Imaging 2002, edited by Larry E. Antonuk and Martin J. Yaffe. SPIE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.465587.

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Reports on the topic "Dynamic X-ray imaging"

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Diegert, Carl F. Model-based statistical estimation of Sandia RF ohmic switch dynamic operation form stroboscopic, x-ray imaging. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/900418.

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Clayton, Daniel, Daniel Guerrero, David Schwellenbach, Craig Kruschwitz, Dan Stutman, and Kevin Tritz. X-Ray Phase Contrast Imaging for Dynamic Material Mix Experiments, LAO-003-17, Year 3 of 3. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1764722.

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