Journal articles: 'Dynamic stretching'

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Zutshi, Kalpana. "Effect of Dynamic Stretching versus Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation Stretching of Antagonist Muscle on Knee Extensor Torque and Dynamic Balance in Young Male Collegiate." Indian Journal of Youth & Adolescent Health 08, no. 03 (September 30, 2021): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.2880.202115.

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Introduction: Many athletes perform stretching exercises as part of a warm-up prior to physical activity in order to prevent injuries and enhance their performance by an increase in flexibility. The significance of this study was that it may provide information about the better stretching method between dynamic and PNF stretching immediately before the sports events which may help to enhance the strength of knee extensor, thereby helping in improving performance and injury prevention.Method: An experimental design was used in the study. 51 subjects were randomly divided and statistically analysed for results. Group 1 had to under go dynamic stretching, Group 2 had to undergo PNF stretching for a period of four, and Group 3 (control group) did not undergo any kind of stretching. Results: It was observed that there was no significant difference in peak torque and average torque at 60⁰/s and 180⁰/s and SEBT scores after 4 weeks of dynamic vs PNF stretching. No significant difference was found in dynamic balance after 4 weeks of dynamic vs PNF stretching. Conclusion: We may infer that dynamic stretching and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation stretching of antagonist muscle have the same effect on knee extensor torque and dynamic balance in young collegiate males.

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Mann, Douglas, and Charles Whedon. "Functional Stretching: Implementing a Dynamic Stretching Program." Athletic Therapy Today 6, no. 3 (May 2001): 10–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/att.6.3.10.

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Arı, Yasemin. "EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT STRETCHING METHODS ON SPEED, JUMP, FLEXIBILITY AND UPPER EXTREMITY PERFORMANCE IN WRESTLERS." Kinesiologia Slovenica 27, no. 1 (May 12, 2021): 162–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.27.1.162-176.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the acute effects of different stretching methods on acceleration, vertical jump (CMJ), flexibility and upper extremity performance of young wrestlers. 8 young female wrestlers (15.37 ± 1.06 years; 162.46 ± 4.12 cm and 57.47 ± 6.41 kg) participated in the study voluntarily. Stretching methods were divided into five groups: control (no stretching), static, dynamic, static + dynamic and dynamic + static. The findings showed faster speed performance after control (p = .012; η2 = 0.57), dynamic stretching (p = .050; η2 = 1.11) and static + dynamic combined stretching (p = .043; η2 = 0.96) compared to static stretching; and there is a statistically significant positive difference according to the test averages after dynamic stretching (p = .050; η2 = 0.91) compared to dynamic + static combined stretching (p<0.05). Vertical jump performance, according to the control warming up, a statistically significant difference has been found according to the test averages after dynamic stretching (p = 041; η2 = 1.17) and static + dynamic combined stretching (p = .043; η2 = 1.07). No difference was found in flexibility and medicine ball throwing performances according to different stretching protocols (p>0.05). . It was determined that the acute effect of static stretching had a negative effect on acceleration performances and dynamic stretching caused an increase in jump performance. This study suggests that dynamic and static + dynamic stretching can be used in young wrestlers to provide better performance in acceleration and jumping skills during warm-up sessions.

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Zmijewski, Piotr, Patrycja Lipinska, Anna Czajkowska, Anna Mróz, Paweł Kapuściński, and Krzysztof Mazurek. "Acute Effects of a Static vs. a Dynamic Stretching Warm-up on Repeated-Sprint Performance in Female Handball Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 72, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 161–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2019-0043.

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AbstractThis randomized cross-over study examined the effects of typical static and dynamic stretching warm-up protocols on repeated-sprint performance. Thirteen young female handball players performed a 5 min aerobic warm-up followed by one of three stretching protocols for the lower limbs: (1) static stretching, (2) dynamic-ballistic stretching, and (3) no stretching before performing five all-out sprints on a cycle ergometer. Each protocol was performed on a different occasion, separated by 2-3 days. Range of movement (ROM) was also measured before and after the warm-up protocols with a sit-and-reach test. Fixed and random effects of each stretching protocol on repeated sprint performance were estimated with mixed linear modeling and data were evaluated via standardization and magnitude-based inferences. In comparison to no stretching, there were small increases in ROM after dynamic stretching (12.7%, ±0.7%; mean, ±90% confidence limits) and static stretching (19.2%, ±0.9%). There were small increases in the average power across all sprints with dynamic stretching relative to static stretching (3.3%, ±2.4%) and no stretching (3.0%, ±2.4%) and trivial to small increases in the average power in the 1st and 5th trials with dynamic stretching compared to static stretching (3.9%, ±2.6%; 2.6%, ±2.6%, respectively) and no stretching (2.0%, ±2.7%; 4.1%, ±2.8%, respectively). There were also trivial and small decreases in power across all sprints with static relative to dynamic stretching (-1.3%, ±2.8%) and no stretching (-3.5%, ±2.9%). Dynamic stretching improved repeated-sprint performance to a greater extent than static stretching and no stretching.

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Leon, Craig, Hyun-Ju Oh, and Sharon Rana. "A Purposeful Dynamic Stretching Routine." Strategies 25, no. 5 (May 2012): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08924562.2012.10592167.

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MCMILLIAN, DANNY J., JOSEF H. MOORE, BRIAN S. HATLER, and DEAN C. TAYLOR. "DYNAMIC VS.STATIC-STRETCHING WARM UP." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 20, no. 3 (August 2006): 492–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200608000-00006.

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Gherţoiu, Dan Mihai, and Cosmin Mihai Moca. "Power Output Differences in the Context of Dynamic Stretching in Young Male Athletes." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae 66, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.66(4).34.

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"Introduction. Static stretching is generally performed in sport and clinical settings, although dynamic stretching is increasingly being used before exercise and competition. There is strong evidence that a decrease in muscle strength can be the result of longer durations of static stretching, a phenomenon called stretching-induced force deficit. Objectives. The aim of this paper was to determine the jumping power output differences before and after dynamic stretching in young male athletes. Materials and Methods. The participants in this study were young male athletes (N = 18), aged from 14 to 16 years old that underwent two measurements on the MGM-15 carpet. Results. There was a significant statistical difference in the scores between the control and after dynamic stretching conditions. This means that the dynamic stretching had an influence over the power output of the subjects. Conclusion. The results revealed that the power output was significantly improved (increased) after dynamic stretching compared to control measurement. Furthermore, dynamic stretching should be performed in order to increase the power output performances of jumping. Keywords: dynamic stretching, power output, male, athletes, jumping "

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Gamlath, H. G. J. H. Gnanawardena, W.M.N.S Wijethunga, and S. Weerasinghe. "Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching Warm-Up Methods on Agility, Speed and Leg Power Performance in School Level Netball Players." Journal of Sports and Physical Education Studies 1, no. 1 (May 18, 2021): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/jspes.2021.1.1.5.

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A warm-up helps the individuals to prepare themselves for strenuous workouts. The warm-up is generally executed before participation in any physical activity or sports. The objective of the study was to investigate the effects of sequencing lower-body static and dynamic stretching combinations on agility, speed, and leg power of school-level female Netball players. Three different stretching protocols were performed: (a) Static Stretching combined with Dynamic Stretching (SS+DS), (b) Dynamic Stretching combined with Static Stretching (DS+SS), and (c) Dynamic Stretching combined with Dynamic Stretching (DS+DS). A control warm-up condition without stretching was implemented with a prior aerobic warm-up followed by dynamic activities. Dependent variables included a 30-m Sprint, Agility run, and jump tests to measure speed, agility, and leg power performance. The level of significance was set at 5% for statistical analysis. The method used for statistical analysis was two-way ANOVA. There was no significant impact of stretching protocols on agility (p=0.257), speed (p=0.106), and leg power (p=0.902) of school-level female netball athletes. The results of the analysis allow the authors to retain the hypothesis that a sequence of static and dynamic stretching combinations does not significantly affect the agility, speed, and leg power of school-level female netball athletes.

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Amiri-Khorasani, Mohammadtaghi, Noor Osman, and Ashril Yusof. "Electromyography Assessments of the Vastus Medialis Muscle during Soccer Instep Kicking between Dynamic and Static Stretching." Journal of Human Kinetics 24, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-010-0017-2.

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Electromyography Assessments of the Vastus Medialis Muscle during Soccer Instep Kicking between Dynamic and Static StretchingThe purpose of this study was to examine the effects of static and dynamic stretching within a pre-exercise warm-up on vastus medialis muscle activity during instep kicking and ball velocity in soccer players. The kicking motions of dominant legs were captured from using six synchronized high-speed infra-red cameras at 200 Hz and Electromyography at 100 Hz. There was significant difference in vastus medialis activity after dynamic stretching relative to no stretching condition (0.12 ± 0.06 mV) versus static stretching relative to no stretching condition (-0.21 ± 0.10 mV) with p < 0.001). In addition, there was also a significant difference in ball velocity after dynamic stretching relative to no stretching condition (4.53 ± 2.10 m/s) versus static stretching relative to no stretching condition (-1.48 ± 2.43 m/s) with p < 0.003. We concluded that dynamic stretching during the warm-up, as compared to static stretching, is probably more effective as preparation for optimal muscle activity and finally have high ball velocity which is required in soccer.

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Moca, Cosmin Mihai, and Dan Mihai Gherţoiu. "Effects of Dynamic Stretching on Neuromuscular Reaction Time of Young Female Athletes." Studia Universitatis Babeş-Bolyai Educatio Artis Gymnasticae 66, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 103–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/subbeag.66(4).36.

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"Introduction. Reaction time is the ability to perform a single (non repeated) movement in the shortest time and it is a crucial skill in sports. It has been shown that using different warm-up strategies can improve performance output. Recently it has been discovered that static stretching may temporarily decrease the muscle’s ability to perform. Objectives. The aim of this paper was to determine if the neuromuscular reaction time during jumping is influenced by dynamic stretching. Materials and Methods. The participants in this study were young female basketball players (N = 22), ages from 16 to 18 years old that underwent two measurements using the MGM-15 carpet in two situations: without doing dynamic stretching and after doing dynamic stretching. Results. There was a significant statistical difference in the scores between the control and after dynamic stretching measurements. This means that the dynamic stretching had an influence over the reaction time. Conclusion. The results of the present research demonstrated that local neuromuscular reaction time increased significantly after dynamic stretching compared to the baseline condition. Keywords: dynamic stretching, reaction time, female, athletes, neuromuscular "

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Dai, Zhi-Xuan, Po-Jen Shih, Jia-Yush Yen, and I.-Jong Wang. "Effect of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Corneal Fibroblast Cell." Processes 10, no. 3 (March 20, 2022): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10030605.

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A strain gradient was created by punching a hole in the center of a stretched elastic polydimethylsiloxane membrane to determine the effect of different strains on cultured human keratocytes (HK). In this study, two stretching methods were used: continuous stretching and cyclic stretching. Continuous stretching is relatively static, while acyclic stretching is relatively dynamic. These methods, respectively, represented the effects of high intraocular pressure and rubbing of the eyes on corneal cells. Image processing codes were developed to observe the effects of stress concentration, shear stress, continuous stretching, and cyclic stretching on HKs. The results demonstrate that stretching and shear stress are not conducive to the proliferation of corneal cells and instead cause cell death. A 10% strain had greater inhibitory effects than a 3% strain on cell proliferation. Cell survival rates for continuous stretching (static) were higher than those for cyclic stretching (dynamic). The stretching experiment revealed that cyclic stretching has a greater inhibitory effect on the growth and proliferation of corneal cells than continuous stretching. Accordingly, it shows that cyclic loading is more harmful than high intraocular pressure (static loading) to corneal cells.

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Zakaria, Alan A., Robert B. Kiningham, and Ananda Sen. "Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Injury Prevention in High School Soccer Athletes: A Randomized Trial." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 24, no. 3 (August 2015): 229–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2013-0114.

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Objective:To determine if there is any benefit to static stretching after performing a dynamic warm-up in the prevention of injury in high school soccer athletes.Design:Prospective cluster randomized nonblinded study.Setting:12 high schools with varsity and junior varsity boys’ soccer teams (24 soccer teams) across the state of Michigan.Participants:Four hundred ninety-nine student-athletes were enrolled, and 465 completed the study. One high school dropped out of the study in the first week, leaving a total of 22 teams.Interventions:Dynamic stretching protocol vs dynamic + static (D+S) stretching protocol.Main Outcome Measures:Lower-extremity, core, or lower-back injuries per team.Results:Twelve teams performed the dynamic stretching protocol and 10 teams performed the D+S stretching protocol. There were 17 injuries (1.42 ± 1.49 injuries/team) among the teams that performed the dynamic stretching protocol and 20 injuries (2.0 ± 1.24 injuries/team) among the teams that performed the D+S protocol. There was no statistically significant difference in injuries between the 2 groups (P = .33).Conclusions:There is no difference between dynamic stretching and D+S stretching in the prevention of lower-extremity, core, and back injuries in high school male soccer athletes. Static stretching does not provide any added benefit to dynamic stretching in the prevention of injury in this population before exercise.

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Jung, Eui-Young, Jin-Hwa Jung, Hwi-Young Cho, and Sung-Hyeon Kim. "Effects of Plantar Flexor Stretching on Static and Dynamic Balance in Healthy Adults." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 2 (January 13, 2023): 1462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021462.

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Stretching can affect balance ability by generating biomechanical and physiological changes in the postural muscles. Stretching of the lower extremity muscles can greatly affect posture maintenance strategies and balance ability. However, the relationship between stretching and balance ability has not been clarified. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the effect of plantar flexor stretching on balance ability. Forty-four healthy young adults were randomly assigned to four groups (static stretching, dynamic stretching, ballistic stretching, and control). Ankle joint range of motion, static balance ability, and dynamic balance ability were evaluated before, immediately after, and 20 min after stretching. Stretching did not affect balance ability in the open-eye condition. After stretching, the sway area was significantly reduced in the closed-eye condition (p < 0.05). After stretching, the reach distance of dynamic balance ability increased significantly (p < 0.05). The results show that plantar flexor stretching can positively affect balance ability. Therefore, plantar flexor stretching should be considered a rehabilitation method to improve balance.

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Pagaduan, Jeffrey C., Haris Pojskić, Edin Užičanin, and Fuad Babajić. "Effect of Various Warm-Up Protocols on Jump Performance in College Football Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 35, no. 1 (December 1, 2012): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10078-012-0086-5.

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The purpose of this study was to identify the effects of warm-up strategies on countermovement jump performance. Twenty-nine male college football players (age: 19.4 ± 1.1 years; body height: 179.0 ± 5.1 cm; body mass: 73.1 ± 8.0 kg; % body fat: 11.1 ± 2.7) from the Tuzla University underwent a control (no warm-up) and different warm-up conditions: 1. general warm-up; 2. general warm-up with dynamic stretching; 3. general warm-up, dynamic stretching and passive stretching; 4. passive static stretching; 5. passive static stretching and general warm-up; and, 6. passive static stretching, general warm-up and dynamic stretching. Countermovement jump performance was measured after each intervention or control. Results from one way repeated measures ANOVA revealed a significant difference on warm-up strategies at F (4.07, 113.86) = 69.56, p < 0.001, eta squared = 0.72. Bonferonni post hoc revealed that a general warm-up and a general warm-up with dynamic stretching posted the greatest gains among all interventions. On the other hand, no warm-up and passive static stretching displayed the least results in countermovement jump performance. In conclusion, countermovement jump performance preceded by a general warmup or a general warm-up with dynamic stretching posted superior gains in countermovement jump performance.

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Lee, Jin Hyuck, Ki-Mo Jang, Eunseon Kim, Hye Chang Rhim, and Hyeong-Dong Kim. "Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching With Strengthening Exercises in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain Who Have Inflexible Hamstrings: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 13, no. 1 (August 13, 2020): 49–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738120932911.

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Background: Patellofemoral pain (PFP) syndrome is closely associated with muscle tightness. However, studies regarding the effects of stretching exercises on PFP patients with inflexible hamstrings are scarce. The aim of the study was to compare the effects between static and dynamic hamstring stretching in patients with PFP who have inflexible hamstrings. Hypothesis: Compared with static hamstring stretching, dynamic hamstring stretching will improve the parameters of hamstring flexibility, knee muscle strength, muscle activation time, and clinical outcomes in this patient population. Study Design: Prospective randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: A total of 46 patients (25, static stretching; 21, dynamic stretching) participated. Hamstring flexibility was assessed according to the popliteal angle during active knee extension. Muscle strength and muscle activation time were measured using an isokinetic device. Clinical outcomes were evaluated using the visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and the anterior knee pain scale (AKPS). Results: There were no differences in hamstring flexibility and knee muscle strength of the affected knees between the groups ( P > 0.05). Significantly improved muscle activation time and clinical outcomes of the affected knees were observed in the dynamic stretching group compared with the static stretching group (all Ps < 0.01 for hamstring, quadriceps, VAS, and AKPS). Conclusion: In patients with PFP who have inflexible hamstrings, dynamic hamstring stretching with strengthening exercises was superior for improving muscle activation time and clinical outcomes compared with static hamstring stretching with strengthening exercises. Clinical Relevance: Clinicians and therapists could implement dynamic hamstring stretching to improve function and reduce pain in patients with PFP who have inflexible hamstrings.

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Matsuo, Shingo, Masahiro Iwata, Manabu Miyazaki, Taizan Fukaya, Eiji Yamanaka, Kentaro Nagata, Wakako Tsuchida, Yuji Asai, and Shigeyuki Suzuki. "Changes in Flexibility and Force are not Different after Static Versus Dynamic Stretching." Sports Medicine International Open 03, no. 03 (October 23, 2019): E89—E95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1001-1993.

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AbstractIn this study, we examined the effects of static and dynamic stretching on range of motion (ROM), passive torque (PT) at pain onset, passive stiffness, and isometric muscle force. We conducted a randomized crossover trial in which 16 healthy young men performed a total of 300 s of active static or dynamic stretching of the right knee flexors on two separate days in random order. To assess the effects of stretching, we measured the ROM, PT at pain onset, passive stiffness during passive knee extension, and maximum voluntary isometric knee flexion force using an isokinetic dynamometer immediately before and after stretching. Both static and dynamic stretching significantly increased the ROM and PT at pain onset (p<0.01) and significantly decreased the passive stiffness and isometric knee flexion force immediately after stretching (p<0.01). However, the magnitude of change did not differ between the two stretching methods for any measurements. Our results suggest that 300 s of either static or dynamic stretching can increase flexibility and decrease isometric muscle force; however, the effects of stretching do not appear to differ between the two stretching methods.

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Moran, K., T. McGrath, B. Marshall, and E. Wallace. "Dynamic Stretching and Golf Swing Performance." International Journal of Sports Medicine 30, no. 02 (January 28, 2009): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0028-1103303.

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Agarwal, Pravin, Raghvendra M. Murdande, Arul Selvan Kandaswamy, and M. S. Bobji. "Dynamic stretching of a liquid bridge." International Journal of Advances in Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics 11, no. 4 (December 2019): 238–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12572-020-00256-8.

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Lee, Heesung, and Sang Kyu Kim. "Vibration mediated photodissociation dynamics of CH3SH: manipulation of the dynamic energy disposal into products." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 22, no. 35 (2020): 19713–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cp03575k.

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The S–H bond dissociation dynamics of CH₃SH have been investigated for the S₁–S₀ transition mediated by either the S–H stretching (2608 cm⁻¹) or CH₃ symmetric stretching (2951 cm⁻¹) mode excitation in the S₀ state.

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Prążyńska, Aleksandra, and Zbigniew Mikołajczyk. "Identification of the Process of Dynamic Stretching of Threads in Warp-Knitting Technology." Autex Research Journal 17, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 334–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aut-2016-0039.

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Abstract The publication presents a theoretical study of the susceptibility of rheological models of threads to dynamic stretching in the context of modern, highly efficient textile technologies. Input parameters of the four analyzed models, the Kelvin-Voigt model, the Maxwell model, Standard model 2, and the Zener model, corresponded to the actual values of the coefficients of viscosity, elasticity, kinematic and dynamic loading, and stretching speed for the analyzed polyester silk threads produced in a knitting process, with knitting speeds from 700 to 1,600 courses/min. The research proves that the tested thread models behave differently in the stretching process-the Kelvin-Voigt model is sensitive to both the increases in kinematic loading and viscosity coefficient, Standard model 2 is only susceptible to dynamic stiffness, and the Zener model is significantly sensitive to kinematic loading. All responses of the models increase with the increase in stretching speeds. The obtained results indicate substantial “accuracy tolerance” in setting input parameters while identifying dynamics of the knitting process on warp-knitting machines.

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Amiri-Khorasani, Mohammadtaghi, Julio Calleja-Gonzalez, and Mansooreh Mogharabi-Manzari. "Acute Effect of Different Combined Stretching Methods on Acceleration and Speed in Soccer Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 50, no. 1 (April 1, 2016): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0154.

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AbstractThe purpose of this study was to investigate the acute effect of different stretching methods, during a warm-up, on the acceleration and speed of soccer players. The acceleration performance of 20 collegiate soccer players (body height: 177.25 ± 5.31 cm; body mass: 65.10 ± 5.62 kg; age: 16.85 ± 0.87 years; BMI: 20.70 ± 5.54; experience: 8.46 ± 1.49 years) was evaluated after different warm-up procedures, using 10 and 20 m tests. Subjects performed five types of a warm-up: static, dynamic, combined static + dynamic, combined dynamic + static, and no-stretching. Subjects were divided into five groups. Each group performed five different warm-up protocols in five non-consecutive days. The warm-up protocol used for each group was randomly assigned. The protocols consisted of 4 min jogging, a 1 min stretching program (except for the no-stretching protocol), and 2 min rest periods, followed by the 10 and 20 m sprint test, on the same day. The current findings showed significant differences in the 10 and 20 m tests after dynamic stretching compared with static, combined, and no-stretching protocols. There were also significant differences between the combined stretching compared with static and no-stretching protocols. We concluded that soccer players performed better with respect to acceleration and speed, after dynamic and combined stretching, as they were able to produce more force for a faster execution.

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Zhang, Xiao Dong, and Jin Jin Zhang. "Dynamic Design of Six-Station Automatic Hydraulic Stretching Machine." Key Engineering Materials 522 (August 2012): 256–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.522.256.

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Hydraulic stretch forming is a very important technology. Punch press has achieved multi-station automatic processing in the press area, which has greatly improved the efficiency. However, the main domestic stretching machine is single-stretching hydraulic machine at present. Compared with punch press, hydraulic stretching machines take less space and have better security, but they make less efficiency and have lower degree of automation. Hence, in order to take the advantage of hydraulic stretching machines and enhance the automation level, studies on multi-position automatic stretching machine occupies an important position. This paper proposes a design scheme of Six-station Automatic Hydraulic Stretching Machine (SAHSM) according to the practical production. The overall 3D structure of SAHSM is designed based on Solidworks to prove the theoretical possibility of the program. Then modal analysis is operated based on FEA of the key components of stretching machine module to improve reliability of the product and overcome the disadvantage of the traditional checking method, the first two-order modes are obtained to prove the impossibility of the resonance. At last, ADAMS-based virtual prototype is analyzed to demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the SAHSM dynamic design proposed in this paper

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Zhang, Wei, and Ning Bai. "THE ROLE OF FUNCTIONAL DYNAMIC STRETCHING TRAINING IN DANCE SPORTS." Revista Brasileira de Medicina do Esporte 28, no. 6 (December 2022): 837–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1517-8692202228062022_0086.

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ABSTRACT Introduction Dynamic stretching is a particular form of training. Currently, there is little research in academia about dynamic stretching in sports dancing. Objective Explore the role of functional dynamic stretching training in dance sports. Methods 60 sports dancers with a history of ankle injuries were randomly divided into a control and experimental group. All performed a training protocol twice a week, lasting 45 minutes, for eight weeks. A functional dynamic stretching training session was added to the control group. The effects were evaluated by the Cumberland scale, bilateral stability comparison, and balance control by the Perkin system. Data were statistically treated for analysis. Results There was no significant difference between the scores of healthy ankle joints and injured ankle joints in the two groups (P>0.05). After eight weeks of functional dynamic stretching training, there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups on injured ankle joints (P<0.05). Conclusion Dynamic stretching training can effectively improve ankle joint stability in sports dancers. Concomitantly, this method effectively prevents injuries to the athlete’s ankle joint. Evidence level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the results.

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Heshmatipour, Mojtaba, Azam Esfandiari, Maryam Kazemi Naeini, Mehdi Raei, Omolbanin Firoozpur, Neda Shariatinia, and Kiavash Hushmandi. "Effect of Active Dynamic Versus Passive Static Stretching on Hamstring Muscle Tightness in Healthy Female Students: A Randomized Trial Study." Hospital Practices and Research 4, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 134–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/hpr.2019.27.

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Background: For decades, static stretching has been the standard benchmark for training programs, because it has been shown to increase flexibility compared with other methods of stretching. Objective: The current study investigated and compared the effects of active dynamic stretching and passive static stretching on hamstring tightness. Methods: For this experiment, 64 female students were enrolled and randomly assigned to active dynamic or passive static stretching groups (n=32 each). The first and second experimental groups were trained with repetitive dynamic stretching and static stretching exercises, respectively. Exercises were performed 10 times per limb, 3 times per day, 5 days per week for 4 weeks. Hamstring muscle length measurements were repeated in weeks 2 and 4. Statistical analysis of the results was performed by t-test and repeated measures ANOVA using SPSS 15. Results: Both experimental groups showed significant improvements in the active knee extension range of motion during the intervention (P<0.001). However, active stretching showed better results and had a greater effect on range of motion in comparison with static stretching. Conclusion: Active dynamic training can be considered a suitable method for increasing the flexibility of the hamstring muscle and, consequently, reducing the complications and problems associated with hamstring tightness.

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Shaharuddin, Sismaherni bt Suardi, and Srinivas Mondam. "The Effectiveness of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Hamstring Flexibility after 4-Weeks Training to Prevent the Risk of Injuries." Malaysian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 4, no. 1 (June 30, 2017): 7–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/mjmbr.v4i1.417.

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This study was conducted to investigate the effect of static and dynamic stretching on hamstring muscle flexibility and risk of injury. A total of 20 female students who are in their final year of various departments at the Sultan Idris of Educational University (UPSI) were involved in this study. Subjects were selected based on the body mass index and never active in sports. The will divided into two groups. Group A (n =10) will perform five types of static stretching exercise while the second group B (n = 10) will perform five types of dynamic stretching exercise. They will perform 5-minutes warming up exercise that is jogging before start the stretching. The stretching exercise will handle in three days alternately fo four weeks. The flexibility of the hamstring muscles was measured using a test range protrudes. The instrument that used to measure the flexibility of the hamstring muscles sit reach box, and it is measure before and after the intervention. Pre-test shows no differences between both types of stretching exercise. For the post-test score, static stretching exercise shows the better hamstring flexibility scores than dynamic stretching exercise, t (9) = 23.60, p < 0.005. The results indicated that static stretching exercise is more effective in increasing the hamstring flexibility compared to dynamic stretching exercise and also have results on it in reducing the risk of injury.

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Siatras, Theophanis, Georgios Papadopoulos, Dimitra Mameletzi, Vasilios Gerodimos, and Spiros Kellis. "Static and Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Gymnasts’ Speed in Vaulting." Pediatric Exercise Science 15, no. 4 (November 2003): 383–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/pes.15.4.383.

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Although warm-up and stretching exercises are routinely performed by gymnasts, it is suggested that stretching immediately prior to an activity might affect negatively the athletic performance. The focus of this investigation was on the acute effect of a protocol, including warm-up and static and dynamic stretching exercises, on speed during vaulting in gymnastics. Eleven boys were asked to perform three different protocols consisting of warm-up, warm-up and static stretching and warm-up and dynamic stretching, on three nonconsecutive days. Each protocol was followed by a “handspring” vault. One-way analysis of variance for repeated-measures showed a significant difference in gymnasts’ speed, following the different protocols. Tukey’s post hoc analysis revealed that gymnasts mean speed during the run of vault was significantly decreased after the application of the static stretching protocol. The findings of the present study indicate the inhibitory role of an acute static stretching in running speed in young gymnasts.

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Paul, Jibi, and Thenmozhi S. "Comparative study between static stretching and dynamic stretching on mechanical neck pain." International Journal Medical and Exercise Science 05, no. 01 (March 10, 2019): 552–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36678/ijmaes.2019.v05i01.005.

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Sanati, Abdolreza, Abdolhamid Daneshjoo, Mansour Sahebozamani, and Elham Hosseini. "Effects of Static, Slow and Fast Dynamic Stretching on Shoulder Ioint Proprioception in Male Volleyball Players with Shoulder Impingement Syndrome." Scientific Journal of Rehabilitation Medicine 11, no. 4 (September 23, 2022): 602–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/sjrm.11.4.14.

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Background and Aims Shoulder impingement syndrome (SIS) can affect the proprioception and disturb the normal neuromuscular reactions that the protect the shoulder joint. There are various therapeutic strategies including stretching exercises to prevent the negative effects of SIS. This study aims to investigate the effects of static, slow and fast dynamic stretching on shoulder joint proprioception in male volleyball players with SIS. Methods Participants were 18 professional male volleyball players (Age: 26.52±1.5 years, weight: 89.72±7.02 kg, height: 196.78±6.32 cm) in Kerman, Iran suffering from SIS who were selected using purposeful and convenience sampling methods. All subjects were randomly performed one type of stretching exercises for three consecutive days at the same hour and their proprioception were measured by the Leighton flexometer and target angle reconstruction with external and internal shoulder rotations before and after stretching. The data were analyzed using repeated measures ANOVA. Results The static stretching signifcantly reduced the shoulder joint proprioception (P=0.001), while the dynamic stretching at different speeds had a significant positive effect on shoulder joint proprioception (P=0.001). There was no significant difference between the two types of slow and fast dynamic stretching (P=0.8). Conclusion It seems that dynamic stretching at different speeds has a better effect on shoulder joint proprioception than static stretching in male volleyball players with SIS.

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Chatzopoulos, Dimitris, Georgios Doganis, Georgios Lykesas, Nikolaos Koutlianos, Christos Galazoulas, and Eleni Bassa. "Effects of Static and Dynamic Stretching on Force Sense, Dynamic Flexibility and Reaction Time of Children." Open Sports Sciences Journal 12, no. 1 (July 31, 2019): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x01912010022.

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Background: Traditionally, stretching protocols are basic components of warm-up aiming to improve performance and reduce injuries. However, the literature suggests that different stretching protocols during warm-up may have diverse effects on performance. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the acute effects of three different stretching protocols on force sense, dynamic flexibility, reaction time and movement time. Methods: The study included twenty-five participants who were TaeKwonDo young male players (age = 11.78 ± 1.66 years.). All the participants performed one of the following protocols on different days: (a) 5 min jogging followed by 3 min Static Stretching (SS), (b) 5 min jogging followed by 3 min Dynamic Stretching (DS), and (c) 5 min jogging followed by 3 min of rest (NS). After the protocols, the participants performed the following measurements: (a) force-matching test at 20% maximal isometric voluntary contraction (force sense), (b) active straight leg raise test (dynamic flexibility) and (c) reaction and movement time test. Results: Repeated measures analysis of variance revealed no significant main effects on force sense. Furthermore, SS performed significantly better in dynamic flexibility in comparison to NS, and DS performed significantly better in terms of dynamic flexibility and movement time compared to SS. Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it seems that force sense is not affected by either SS or DS protocols (30 sec duration per muscle group). Moreover, it seems that DS in the warm-up is more appropriate than SS for activities requiring dynamic flexibility and movement time.

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Huang, Shi, Hong-Jia Zhang, Xin Wang, Winson Chiu-Chun Lee, and Wing-Kai Lam. "Acute Effects of Soleus Stretching on Ankle Flexibility, Dynamic Balance and Speed Performances in Soccer Players." Biology 11, no. 3 (February 26, 2022): 374. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11030374.

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Most dynamic stretching protocols include the gastrocnemius muscle, but soleus stretches are often neglected, which is the key powerful muscle for the push-off (concentric) of all speed movements. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the added soleus stretch in a regular stretching protocol would have greater benefits for ankle flexibility, dynamic balance and functional performance. Fourteen healthy male soccer players received each of the stretching conditions (regular stretching only (Regular), regular stretching with soleus stretching (Soleus) and no stretching (Control)) randomly on different training days, with two-day separation. The ankle flexibility, standing heel-lift balance and speed performances were assessed following each stretching intervention. The active dynamic stretches were performed for 30 s with three repetitions on each of the three (Regular) and four (Soleus) muscles. One-way ANOVA with repeated measures (or the Friedman non-parametric test) was performed to determine any significant effect with alpha = 0.05. Our findings revealed that both the Regular and Soleus stretching groups showed an increased active range of ankle motion compared to the no-stretching control (Ps < 0.05). In the heel raise balance test, both stretching groups experienced a significant increase in maximum plantarflexion strength as well as resultant anterior–posterior and medial–lateral CoP excursions compared to the no-stretching control (Ps < 0.05). In the sprinting tasks, both the Soleus and Regular stretching groups induced faster linear and curved running times (Ps < 0.05). When comparing the two stretching groups, Soleus stretching led to better ankle flexibility, maximum plantarflexion strength and curved running time (Ps < 0.05). Thus, added stretches on the soleus muscles can provide further benefits to speed performances in soccer.

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Amiri-Khorasani, Mohammadtaghi, and Eleftherios Kellis. "Static vs. Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Quadriceps Muscle Activity during Soccer Instep Kicking." Journal of Human Kinetics 39, no. 1 (December 1, 2013): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2013-0066.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of static and dynamic stretching on quadriceps muscle activation during maximal soccer instep kicking. The kicking motion of twelve male college soccer players (body height: 174.66 ± 5.01 cm; body mass: 72.83 ± 4.83 kg; age: 18.83 ± 0.75 years) was captured using six synchronized high-speed infra-red cameras whilst electromyography (EMG) signals from vastus medialis (VM), lateralis (VL) and rectus femoris (RF) were recorded before and after static or dynamic stretching. Analysis of variance designs showed a higher increase in knee extension angular velocity (9.65% vs. -1.45%, p < 0.001), RF (37.5% vs. -8.33%, p < 0.001), VM (12% vs. - 12%, p < 0.018), and VL EMG activity (20% vs. -6.67%, p < 0.001) after dynamic stretching exercises. Based on these results, it could be suggested that dynamic stretching is probably more effective in increasing quadriceps muscle activity and knee extension angular velocity during the final swing phase of a maximal soccer instep kick than static stretching.

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Lee, Jin Hyuck, Ki-Mo Jang, Eunseon Kim, Hye Chang Rhim, and Hyeong-Dong Kim. "Static and Dynamic Quadriceps Stretching Exercises in Patients With Patellofemoral Pain: A Randomized Controlled Trial." Sports Health: A Multidisciplinary Approach 13, no. 5 (February 20, 2021): 482–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1941738121993777.

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Background: Limited data are available on the effect of stretching exercise in patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) who have inflexible quadriceps, which is one of the various causes of PFP syndrome. This study compares quadriceps flexibility, strength, muscle activation time, and patient-reported outcomes after static and dynamic quadriceps stretching exercises in patients with PFP who had inflexible quadriceps. Hypothesis: Quadriceps flexibility and strength, muscle activation time, and patient-reported outcomes would improve with dynamic quadriceps stretching as compared with static quadriceps stretching exercises. Study Design: Randomized controlled trial. Level of Evidence: Level 2. Methods: Of the 44 patients included in the study, 20 performed static stretching and 24 performed dynamic stretching. Quadriceps flexibility was assessed by measuring the knee flexion angle during knee flexion in the prone position (the Ely test). Muscle strength and muscle activation time were measured using an isokinetic device. The patient-reported outcomes were evaluated using the visual analogue scale for pain and anterior knee pain scale. Results: No significant differences in quadriceps flexibility and strength, muscle activation time, and patient-reported outcomes in the involved knees were found between the 2 groups ( P values > 0.05). Conclusion: Quadriceps flexibility and strength, muscle activation time, and patient-reported outcomes in patients with PFP who had inflexible quadriceps showed no significant differences between the static and dynamic quadriceps stretching exercise groups. Clinical Relevance: Both static and dynamic stretching exercises may be effective for improving pain and function in patients with PFP who have inflexible quadriceps.

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Belyaeva, Irina A., Vladimir Glushchenkov, and A. Y. Pyl'tsin. "Modeling of “Stretching-Over” Static-Dynamic Process." Materials Science Forum 1031 (May 2021): 216–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1031.216.

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The article presents the technological scheme of the “stretching-over” hybrid technology, when the workpiece is simultaneously affected by two sources of loading: static and dynamic. It is proposed to use a pulsed magnetic field as a dynamic load. In this case, the tightening punch is equipped with an inductor connected to a magnetic-pulse unit. As a result of computer simulation, the distribution patterns of the stress-strain state in a tight-fitting workpiece were obtained both in the case of a conventional tight-fitting and with the proposed hybrid one. It was found that exposure to a pulsed magnetic field changes the stress-strain state, making it possible to intensify the stretching process.

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Mehring, C., J. Xi, and W. A. Sirignano. "Dynamic stretching of a planar liquid bridge." Physics of Fluids 16, no. 3 (March 2004): 728–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1644150.

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Hossen, Mohammad Khalid, Asokan Mulayath Variyath, and Jahrul M. Alam. "Statistical Analysis of Dynamic Subgrid Modeling Approaches in Large Eddy Simulation." Aerospace 8, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace8120375.

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In large eddy simulation (LES) of turbulent flows, dynamic subgrid models would account for an average cascade of kinetic energy from the largest to the smallest scales of the flow. Yet, it is unclear which of the most critical dynamical processes can ensure the criterion mentioned above. Furthermore, evidence of vortex stretching being the primary mechanism of the cascade is not out of the question. In this article, we study essential statistical characteristics of vortex stretching. Our numerical results demonstrate that vortex stretching rate provides the energy dissipation rate necessary for modeling subgrid-scale turbulence. We have compared the interaction of subgrid stresses with the filtered quantities among four models using invariants of the velocity gradient tensor. The individual and the joint probability of vortex stretching and strain amplification show that vortex stretching rate is highly correlated with the energy cascade rate. Sheet-like flow structures are correlated with viscous dissipation, and vortex tubes are more stretched than compressed. The overall results indicate that the stretching mechanism extracts energy from the large-scale straining motion and passes it onto small-scale stretched vortices.

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Marinho, Daniel, Maria Gil, Mario Cardoso Marques, Tiago Barbosa, and Henrique Neiva. "Complementing Warm-up with Stretching Routines: Effects in Sprint Performance." Sports Medicine International Open 01, no. 03 (May 2017): E101—E106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-111788.

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AbstactThe present study aimed to examine the effects of using static or dynamic stretching added to the common warm-up routine for short sprint distances and to repeated sprint performance. In 3 different sessions, 16 college-age men (n=10) and women (n=6) performed one of 3 warm-ups followed by a 2×60 m dash sprint time trial (5 min of rest) in a counterbalanced design. The control warm-up consisted of 10 min of light-intensity running, and the 2 experimental warm-ups included a static or dynamic stretching routine (5 exercises) in the control warm-up. Performance (time) and physiological variables (tympanic temperature, heart rate) were monitored. In the first 60 m time trial, there were no differences between the 3 warm-ups tested (F=0.21, p=0.73; ηp 2=0.01), as opposed to that observed in the second (F=7.04, p<0.01; ηp 2=0.32). The participants were 1.7% faster after the static stretching warm-up compared with the control warm-up. The sum of the time performed in the 2 sprints emphasizes these results, with better performances after the static stretching warm-up than the control (1%) or dynamic stretching warm-up (0.7%). These results suggest that including a set of static or dynamic stretching exercises may enhance sprinting performance. The better performance in the second trial after the warm-up including static stretching suggests that this type of stretching may positively influence repeated sprint performance (<10 s sprint).

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Araya-Ibacache, Mauricio, Esteban Aedo-Muñoz, Pablo Carreño-Ortiz, Christopher Moya-Jofré, Amaya Prat-Luri, and Hugo Cerda-Kohler. "Dynamic Stretching Increases the Eccentric Rate of Force Development, but not Jump Height in Female Volleyball Players." Journal of Human Kinetics 84, no. 1 (October 25, 2022): 158–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0071.

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Abstract The present study aimed to analyze the effect of static and dynamic stretching exercises on the rate of force development (RFD) during the eccentric braking phase and jump height in a countermovement jump (CMJ) in female volleyball players. Thirty female volleyball players were randomly distributed in a static stretching (n = 10; SG), a dynamic stretching, and (n = 10; DG) a control group (n = 10; CG). A force plate and a 3D analysis system were employed to detect the eccentric braking phase during the CMJ. The RFD was analyzed in RFD (RFDi) intervals and the accumulated RFD (RFDa), and normalized to body mass. The SG experienced a likely small decrease in the RFDa (mean difference −17.4 N/s/kg) and a likely small decrease in the RFDi (mean difference −19.1 N/s/kg). Contrarily, the DG showed a likely small increase in the RFDa (mean difference 31.2 N/s/kg) and a most likely small increase in the RFDi (mean difference 34.8 N/s/kg). The effect of both static and dynamic stretching on jump height was trivial. Practitioners should consider utilizing dynamic stretching exercises instead of static stretching before a competition in female volleyball players. Further research is needed in order to find complementary strategies during the warm-up that could increase jump height.

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Kabešová, Hana, and Štefan Balkó. "Vliv statických a dynamických protahovacích cvičení na rozsah kloubní pohyblivosti." Studia sportiva 9, no. 1 (July 13, 2015): 25–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2015-1-3.

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The aim of the study was to assess the effect of static and dynamic way of stretching the hamstrings in probands studying physical education and sport at UJEP. Flexibility was diagnosed through a modified Lassegueovy test (SLR). In the present study, we evaluated the differences between the angles of the back of the thigh in the dominant lower limb before and after the application of static and dynamic stretching exercises performed using SLR push or pull. For data collection were used video (2D), which was developed software Dartfish Team Pro Data. With this program were converted to values of the angle distance in centimeters and evaluated. The results showed that there were no significant differences in ROM when exposed to static and dynamic stretching method. Significant differences, however, showed between the initial and final angle dominant lower limb when exposed to dynamic stretching, where the movement was executed swing.

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Rajalaxmi, V., S. Vasanthi, S. Sathya, K. Kirupa, SM Divya Mary, Vani Aravind, and N. Muthukumaran. "Efficacy of Dynamic VS Closed Kinematic Exercise Combined with Stretching in Adhesive Capsulitis- a double blinded randomized controlled trial." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science 20, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 368–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjms.v20i2.51550.

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Objective: To compare the efficacy of Dynamic exercise and Closed kinematic exercise combined with stretching in adhesive capsulitis. Background of the study: Adhesive capsulitis is a condition characterized by stiffness and pain in the shoulder joint. It is a painful and disabling disorder of unclear cause in which the shoulder capsule, the connective tissue surrounding the shoulder becomes inflamed and stiff, restricting ROM and causing chronic pain. Methodology: This was an experimental study design with Pre-Post test. 30 samples were selected from 45 volunteers based on the inclusion criteria. Group A-Dynamic exercise with stretching, Group B-Closed kinematic exercise with stretching, SWD is commonly given to the patients for 1 week. Results: The result concludes both the groups showed improvement while group A received Dynamic exercise with stretching was comparatively better than the Group B received Closed kinematic exercise with stretching Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.20(2) 2021 p.368-373

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Popelka, Jaroslav, and Pavol Pivovarnicek. "The effect comparison of foam rolling and dynamic stretching on performance in motion tests by young volleyball players: a pilot study." Physical Activity Review 10, no. 2 (2022): 140–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.16926/par.2022.10.28.

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Introduction: The aim of the pilot study was an effect comparison of stretching between foam rolling and dynamic stretching on performance in motion tests by young volleyball players. Methods: 1. Experimental sample – ESFR (n=8, age = 13.4±0.5 years, height = 173.8±7.7 cm, weight = 59.8±7.1 kg) absolved 6 measurements of indicators of stretching with foam rolling during 6 weeks. 2. Experimental sample – ESDS (n=8, age = 13.4±0.5 years, height = 174.5±9.5 cm, weight = 59.4±11.0 kg) absolved dynamic stretching. We had determined the stretching effect between ESFR and ESDS by comparison of performance in tests: spike jump (SS), block jump (BS) E-test (ET), run to cones (RC), throw with 1 kg ball (H2), sit and reach test (SR) and sit-ups (SU). Results: The most important determination was that better level of stretching presented in performance and it was determined in RC in two examples with medium effect and in three examples with large effect in behalf of ESFR. By contrast, one example from ESDS in parameter PS had better level of stretching with medium effect and one example with medium effect in H2. In other parameters (BS, SS, SU and ET) were the differences only small or none between ESFR and ESDS. Conclusion: The results of the pilot study indicate that using of foam rolling and dynamic stretching can have different influence on the level of stretching and preparation of young volleyball players. These results must be verified on larger experimental sample.

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Turna, Bulent, Asuman Sahan, and Bahar Yilmaz. "The Acute Effects of Dynamic and Static Stretching on Tennis Serve Targeting Performance." Journal of Education and Training Studies 7, no. 4 (March 14, 2019): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/jets.v7i4.4058.

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The study investigates the acute effects of dynamic and static stretching on the tennis serve targeting performance of amateur tennis players. Twenty male athletes who were between the ages of 16-24 years and played tennis for at least 1 year (21.40±2.16 years, 181±0.06 cm, 71.85±7.42 kg, tennis playing time 1.55±0.88 years) voluntarily participated in the study.Prior to the pre-tests and after applying the traditional warm-up protocol, serve targeting test (STT) was applied to all participants. In the post-tests, STT was used after applying three different warm-up methods on three different days (48-hour rest interval). The warm-up stages included No Treatment (NT) (jogging, rally), Static Stretching (SS) and Dynamic Stretching (DS).In the statistical analysis, the homogeneity of the data was investigated using the Shapiro Wilk test. The Wilcoxon test was used to compare the pre-test and post-test results of the non-homogeneous data; Friedman test was used to compare the three different stretching methods with each other; in the paired comparisons of the groups, the paired samples t-test was used for the homogenous data and Wilcoxon test was used for the non-homogeneous data. In conclusion, stretching exercises before serving increased the serve targeting performance and the increase in the dynamic stretching exercises was higher than that in static stretching exercises.

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Eken, Özgür, and Ramazan Bayer. "The Effect of Different Dynamic Stretching Exercise Durations on Different Agility Performances in Judokas." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 2 (February 26, 2022): 487–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22162487.

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Background: Dynamic stretching exercises performed before competition or training can contribute to improve performance in athletes. However, there may be differences in performance development depending on the duration of the stretching exercises. Aim: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of different dynamic stretching exercise durations on different agility performances in judokas. Methods: Twelve male athletes between 18-25 years old, who exercised judo regularly for three days a week for at least 3 years (age, 21.42± 1.97 years; body height, 173.25± 3.13 cm; body weight 69.25± 2.98 kg; BMI 23.16±.39) participated in the study. Judokas' exercise protocols consisted of 5MDS (5 minutes of jogging + 5 minutes of dynamic stretching), 10MDS (5 minutes of jogging + 10 minutes of dynamic stretching) and 15MDS (5 minutes of jogging + 15 minutes of dynamic stretching) exercise protocols in consecutive days. After DS exercise, T-test agility, 505 agility and Illinois agility tests were performed. Results: There was a significant improvement in the performance of T test agility [F (1,595)= 19,184 p=.000, ηp 2: ,636], 505 agility test [F(1,703)= 9.448 p=.002, ηp 2: ,462] and Illinois agility test [F(1.419), p=.003, ηp 2: ,493] after 10MDS, 15MDS and 5MDS exercise protocols, from low to high, respectively. In addition, a significant difference was found between 5MDS, 10MDS and 15MDS exercise protocols (p<.05). Conclusion: According to the results of the study, it can be recommended that male judokas could perform 10MDS exercises before competition or training to improve their agility performance. On the contrary, 5MDS exercise is not recommended for judokas to improve their agility performance. Keywords: agility, judo, stretching, performance.

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Singhal, Anu, and Leslie J. Fina. "Dynamic Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy. Part I: Melt-Crystallized Nylon 11." Applied Spectroscopy 49, no. 8 (August 1995): 1073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702953965001.

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Two-dimensional FT-IR spectroscopy has been used to study the N-H stretching and amide I/amide II region of melt-crystallized nylon 11 thin films on Teflon® substrates. Samples are dynamic mechanically oscillated at room temperature at a frequency of 11 Hz. A two-dimensional correlation analysis on the dynamic spectra indicates that the N-H stretching region splits into two peaks. Analysis of two-dimensional crossplots between the N-H stretching region and the amide I/amide II region shows that the prominent peak in the N-H stretching region (∼3300 cm−1) is similar in morphological character to the ordered peak of the amide I region. The amide II region resolves into two-ordered and one-disordered peak.

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Kazemi, Omid, Amir Letafatkar, and Paulo H. Marchetti. "Effect of Stretching Protocols on Glenohumeral-Joint Muscle Activation in Elite Table Tennis Players." International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 16, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 110–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2019-0768.

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Context: Several studies report static-stretch-induced deficits and dynamic-stretch performance improvement after intervention. Purpose: To investigate the muscle activation of the forehand and backhand in table tennis players after experiencing static- and dynamic-stretching protocols. Methods: A total of 24 elite male table tennis players (age 22.7 [3.46] y, height 1.78 [0.03] m) were tested before and 0, 10, 20, and 30 min after the 3 conditions (dynamic stretch, static stretch, and no stretch). The MEGA ME6000 (Mega Electronics, Kuopio, Finland) was used to capture the surface EMG data of the anterior deltoid, middle deltoid, posterior deltoid, biceps, and triceps muscles. Muscle activation data of the pretest were compared with posttest 0, 10, 20, and 30 min. These data were also compared between 3 different conditions (dynamic stretch, static stretch, and no stretch). Results: A 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance indicated significant differences in the forehand and backhand, and Bonferroni test as a post hoc comparison revealed significant differences between the pretest and posttests in several muscles (P < .05). Furthermore, there were significant differences in the posttest between the 3 conditions (P < .05). Conclusions: In general, there was a short-term effect of static- and dynamic-stretching protocols on glenohumeral-joint muscle activation in elite table tennis players. The static and dynamic stretching presented a decrease and increase, respectively, in muscle activation up to 30 min after stretching. In conclusion, the additive and subtractive effects of dynamic- and static-stretching protocols on muscle activation seem to persist after 30 min.

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YAMAGUCHI, TAICHI, and KOJIRO ISHII. "EFFECTS OF STATIC STRETCHING FOR 30 SECONDS AND DYNAMIC STRETCHING ON LEG EXTENSION POWER." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 19, no. 3 (August 2005): 677–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/00124278-200508000-00032.

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Yamaguchi, Taichi, and Kojiro Ishii. "Effects of Static Stretching for 30 Seconds and Dynamic Stretching on Leg Extension Power." Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 19, no. 3 (2005): 677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1519/15044.1.

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Zutshi, Kalpana. "Comparative Effects of Dynamic Stretching and Cryotherapy on the Physical Performance in Recreational Football Players: A Randomised Crossover Study." Indian Journal of Youth & Adolescent Health 07, no. 03 (February 3, 2021): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2349.2880.202012.

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Background: It has been seen that the effects of dynamic stretching and cryotherapy has good effects in the performance of the football players. There are enough evidences and literature on both individually but the comparison between the two was not found. So, with the same concept comparison has been taken out with some interventions in the recreational football players. Purpose of Study: The purpose of this study was to check the comparative effects of both the interventions upon different variables like vertical jump height, agility and 20 meter sprint. Methodology: 30 subjects were taken, who were divided into 2 groups. The first group received dynamic stretching first and then cryotherapy and the second group vice-versa. Further, after a period of 48 hours of flush out time the interventions were reversed to both the groups. Pre and post readings of variables were taken: vertical jump height, agility and 20 meter sprint. Result: Vertical jump height test was significant for both the groups, after dynamic stretching. Vertical Jump height test had a significant p-value of 0.01 in group A and non-significant value for group B, after cryotherapy that is 0.531. T-test was significant for group A with a p value of 0.01 and non-significant for group B with a P value of 0.481. Significant for group B after cryotherapy with a p-value of 0.061. Conclusion: It can be inferred from the result of the study that each Variable: vertical jump height increased significantly in Group A and B after stretching but there was no significance in group B in the vertical jump height test in which cryotherapy was given first. Cryotherapy significantly increased the 20 meter sprint. Agility increased with dynamic stretching. On comparing the two groups-A and B, it was found that the sequence of altered interventions given (dynamic stretching/ cryotherapy) do not give any significant difference in the results as a whole.

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Kumar, Ajit, Nishank Verma, Moazzam Hussain Khan, and Sudip Bhattacharya. "Comparative Effects of Dynamic Stretching and Ice Bag Application On the Physical Performance in Recreational Basketball Players: A Randomized Crossover Study." Indian Journal of Community Health 34, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 422–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2022.v34i03.019.

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Introduction: Researchers found that cryotherapy at the ankle joint heightened adjacent muscle activity and reflex amplitude, which facilitated greater force production at the ankle complex. Furthermore, cryotherapy appears to increase musculoarticular stiffness, which has been associated with heightened muscular performance at a joint. Aim and objective: the aim of the study is to examine the influence of dynamic stretching and IBA technique on the physical performance. Methodology: Total 20 healthy male basketball athletes encompassing two groups participated in the current study. The study consisted of two groups, Group A (ice bag application) and Group B (dynamic stretching). Cold compress was applied over the anterior thigh, posterior thigh, and calf. Subjects were assigned to Group A, and Group B, using Convenience sampling method. Each candidate performed the 5 minutes of jogging before taking intervention. All subjects performed three functional performance tests: Vertical Jump Test, Agility T-test & 20-meter sprint. Each participant attended an orientation session to become familiar with the testing procedures. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups and exposed to a crossover study design. The experiment was performed on two separate occasions whereby one group received the dynamic stretching in the first session, while the other group uses the cryotherapy first. After 48 hours, (cooling session) on the next occasion, the groups were changed and the second group receives the cryotherapy, while the first group performs dynamic stretching. On both occasions, the dynamic stretching and cryotherapy interventions were the same. Between the sessions, the subjects will not allow to participate in any kind of vigorous physical activity. Results: The present study showed an increase in performance of recreational Basketball players by the combination of 5 minutes of warm up plus 6 min of dynamic stretching on the vertical jump height and 20-meter sprint.

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Chase, Bruce, and Richard Ikeda. "Dynamic Infrared Linear Dichroism: Instrumental Characterization and Optimization." Applied Spectroscopy 47, no. 9 (September 1993): 1350–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1366/0003702934067432.

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A dynamic infrared linear dichroism (DIRLD) spectrometer similar to the one described by Noda and Marcott has been constructed. The effects of variations in chopping frequency, film stretching frequency, and film stretching amplitude have been examined. In addition, the effect of poor phase adjustment and degraded polarization purity has been probed. The experiment has been found to be quite insensitive to small changes in these operating parameters, leading to good reproducibility in the qualitative results across different instruments.

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Su, Hsuan, Nai-Jen Chang, Wen-Lan Wu, Lan-Yuen Guo, and I.-Hua Chu. "Acute Effects of Foam Rolling, Static Stretching, and Dynamic Stretching During Warm-ups on Muscular Flexibility and Strength in Young Adults." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 26, no. 6 (November 2017): 469–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2016-0102.

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Context:Foam rolling has been proposed to improve muscle function, performance, and joint range of motion (ROM). However, whether a foam rolling protocol can be adopted as a warm-up to improve flexibility and muscle strength is unclear.Objectives:To examine and compare the acute effects of foam rolling, static stretching, and dynamic stretching used as part of a warm-up on flexibility and muscle strength of knee flexion and extension.Design:Crossover study.Setting:University research laboratory.Participants:15 male and 15 female college students (age 21.43 ± 1.48 y, weight 65.13 ± 12.29 kg, height 166.90 ± 6.99 cm).Main Outcome Measures:Isokinetic peak torque was measured during knee extension and flexion at an angular velocity of 60°/second. Flexibility of the quadriceps was assessed by the modified Thomas test, while flexibility of the hamstrings was assessed using the sit-and-reach test. The 3 interventions were performed by all participants in random order on 3 days separated by 48–72 hours.Results:The flexibility test scores improved significantly more after foam rolling as compared with static and dynamic stretching. With regard to muscle strength, only knee extension peak torque (pre vs. postintervention) improved significantly after the dynamic stretching and foam rolling, but not after static stretching. Knee flexion peak torque remained unchanged.Conclusions:Foam rolling is more effective than static and dynamic stretching in acutely increasing flexibility of the quadriceps and hamstrings without hampering muscle strength, and may be recommended as part of a warm-up in healthy young adults.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dynamic stretching'

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