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Journal articles on the topic 'Dynamic segregation'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 20 July 2024

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1

Netto, Vinicius De Moraes, and Romulo Krafta. "Segregação dinâmica urbana: modelagem e mensuração." Revista Brasileira de Estudos Urbanos e Regionais, no. 1 (May 31, 1999): 133. http://dx.doi.org/10.22296/2317-1529.1999n1p133.

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A presente pesquisa oferece uma abordagem alternativa para a visão da segregação como processo de afastamento entre classes sociais pela produção de zonas de habitação segregadas. As rotinas sociais, formadas pela montagem dos percursos e atividades típicas das classes em função de diferentes lógicas e padrões de apropriação, estruturarão redes sociais distintas dentro de um mesmo sistema urbano. A segregação assim é observada na incompatibilidade ou pouca sobreposição das redes sociais constituídas pelas ações dos indivíduos sobre o espaço urbano, conformando-se como fenômeno dinâmico. Esta visão da segregação não como áreas segregadas mas como ação e apropriação dos espaços da cidade possibilita mensurar quanto há de segregação em uma cidade. O modelo mostra a dinâmica das classes sobre o espaço urbano, e o conseqüente panorama da segregação social, visualizado na sobreposição das redes (como um mapa dinâmico da segregação), resultando na propriedade do Nível de Segregação Urbana.Palavras-chave: segregação social; redes sociais; dinâmica das classes; modelagem. Abstract: The current work intends to propose a different approach to the phenomenon of segregation, usually analyzed as social distance motivated by the production of segregated areas. The individuals routines – made of typical-by-class daily activities and movement structure, based on different logics and patterns of social appropriation – will constitute social networks of class appropriation defined by specific income levels. Therefore, the notion of social segregation can be taken as particular dynamic networks, barely superimposed. The whole process gives a dynamic view on the phenomenon. The notion of segregation viewed not as segregated areas but as segregated appropriation on urban spaces (grid and attractors) permits to measure the level of segregation of a town. The model shows the classes dynamics on urban space and the panorama of social segregation, upon the level of superimposition of the different networks over the same urban macrostructure – resulting in the property of Urban Segregational Level.Keywords: social segregation; social networks; classes dynamics; modeling.

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2

Costa, Judite, Chuanhai Fu, V. Mohini Khare, and Phong T. Tran. "csi2p modulates microtubule dynamics and organizes the bipolar spindle for chromosome segregation." Molecular Biology of the Cell 25, no. 24 (December 2014): 3900–3908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e14-09-1370.

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Proper chromosome segregation is of paramount importance for proper genetic inheritance. Defects in chromosome segregation can lead to aneuploidy, which is a hallmark of cancer cells. Eukaryotic chromosome segregation is accomplished by the bipolar spindle. Additional mechanisms, such as the spindle assembly checkpoint and centromere positioning, further help to ensure complete segregation fidelity. Here we present the fission yeast csi2+. csi2p localizes to the spindle poles, where it regulates mitotic microtubule dynamics, bipolar spindle formation, and subsequent chromosome segregation. csi2 deletion (csi2Δ) results in abnormally long mitotic microtubules, high rate of transient monopolar spindles, and subsequent high rate of chromosome segregation defects. Because csi2Δ has multiple phenotypes, it enables estimates of the relative contribution of the different mechanisms to the overall chromosome segregation process. Centromere positioning, microtubule dynamics, and bipolar spindle formation can all contribute to chromosome segregation. However, the major determinant of chromosome segregation defects in fission yeast may be microtubule dynamic defects.

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3

Sengupta, Manjistha, Henrik Jorck Nielsen, Brenda Youngren, and Stuart Austin. "P1 Plasmid Segregation: Accurate Redistribution by Dynamic Plasmid Pairing and Separation." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 5 (November 6, 2009): 1175–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.01245-09.

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ABSTRACT Low-copy-number plasmids, such as P1 and F, encode a type Ia partition system (P1par or Fsop) for active segregation of copies to daughter cells. Typical descriptions show a single central plasmid focus dividing and the products moving to the cell quarter regions, ensuring segregation. However, using improved optical and analytical tools and large cell populations, we show that P1 plasmid foci are very broadly distributed. Moreover, under most growth conditions, more than two foci are frequently present. Each focus contains either one or two plasmid copies. Replication and focus splitting occur at almost any position in the cell. The products then move rapidly apart for approximately 40% of the cell length. They then tend to maintain their relative positions. The segregating foci often pass close to or come to rest close to other foci in the cell. Foci frequently appear to fuse during these encounters. Such events occur several times in each cell and cell generation on average. We argue that foci pair with their neighbors and then actively separate again. The net result is an approximately even distribution of foci along the long cell axis on average. We show mathematically that trans-pairing and active separation could greatly increase the accuracy of segregation and would produce the distributions of foci that we observe. Plasmid pairing and separation may constitute a novel fine-tuning mechanism that takes the basic pattern created when plasmids separate after replication and converts it to a roughly even pattern that greatly improves the fidelity of plasmid segregation.

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4

Bika, D., and C. J. McMahon. "Dynamic Embrittlement due to Surface Segregation." Materials Science Forum 126-128 (January 1993): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.126-128.523.

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5

Ribe, Neil M. "Melt segregation driven by dynamic forcing." Geophysical Research Letters 13, no. 13 (December 1986): 1462–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/gl013i013p01462.

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6

Zhang, Junfu. "A DYNAMIC MODEL OF RESIDENTIAL SEGREGATION." Journal of Mathematical Sociology 28, no. 3 (July 2004): 147–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00222500490480202.

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7

Wang, Xindan, and David J. Sherratt. "Independent Segregation of the Two Arms of the Escherichia coli ori Region Requires neither RNA Synthesis nor MreB Dynamics." Journal of Bacteriology 192, no. 23 (October 1, 2010): 6143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00861-10.

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ABSTRACT The mechanism of Escherichia coli chromosome segregation remains elusive. We present results on the simultaneous tracking of segregation of multiple loci in the ori region of the chromosome in cells growing under conditions in which a single round of replication is initiated and completed in the same generation. Loci segregated as expected for progressive replication-segregation from oriC, with markers placed symmetrically on either side of oriC segregating to opposite cell halves at the same time, showing that sister locus cohesion in the origin region is local rather than extensive. We were unable to observe any influence on segregation of the proposed centromeric site, migS, or indeed any other potential cis-acting element on either replication arm (replichore) in the AB1157 genetic background. Site-specific inhibition of replication close to oriC on one replichore did not prevent segregation of loci on the other replichore. Inhibition of RNA synthesis and inhibition of the dynamic polymerization of the actin homolog MreB did not affect ori and bulk chromosome segregation.

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8

Petuhov B. V. "The mechanism of the anomalous behavior of the plastic flow of materials with high crystal relief caused by the dynamic impurity subsystem." Physics of the Solid State 64, no. 14 (2022): 2395. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/pss.2022.14.54339.157.

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A model of dynamic interaction of dislocations with an impurity subsystem of crystals with a high potential relief of the crystal lattice (Peierls barriers) is developed. Such materials include metals with body-centered cubic structure, semiconductors, ceramics, and many others. It is shown that the modification of impurity migration barriers near the dislocation core significantly affects the segregation of impurities on the moving dislocation. The presence of a substantially nonequilibrium initial stage of segregation kinetics leading to anomalies of dislocation dynamics and yield strength of materials is substantiated. Keywords: dislocation dynamics, segregation of impurities in the dislocation core, synergetics of dislocation and impurity subsystems, stable and unstable regimes, plastic flow anomalies.

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9

Shen, Lin, Hamed Bahrami Jovein, Zhihui Sun, Qian Wang, and Wenmei Li. "Testing dynamic segregation of self-consolidating concrete." Construction and Building Materials 75 (January 2015): 465–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2014.11.010.

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10

Balaskó, M., and E. Sváb. "Characterisation of Segregation by Dynamic Neutron Radiography." Acta Physica Polonica A 96, no. 1 (July 1999): 7–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.12693/aphyspola.96.7.

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11

Lim, G. E., A. I. Derman, and J. Pogliano. "Bacterial DNA segregation by dynamic SopA polymers." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 102, no. 49 (November 23, 2005): 17658–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0507222102.

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12

Panagiotakopoulos, Theordoros, George-Rafael Domenikos, and Alexander V. Mantzaris. "Exploring Simulated Residential Spending Dynamics in Relation to Income Equality with the Entropy Trace of the Schelling Model." Mathematics 10, no. 18 (September 13, 2022): 3323. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10183323.

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The Schelling model of segregation has provided researchers with a simple model to explore residential dynamics and their implications upon the spatial distribution of resident identities. Due to the simplicity of the model, many modifications and extensions have been produced to capture different aspects of the decision process taken when residents change locations. Research has also involved examining different metrics for track segregation along the trace of the simulation states. Recent work has investigated monitoring the simulation by estimating the entropy of the states along the simulation, which offers a macroscopic perspective. Drawing inspiration from empirical studies which indicate that financial status can affect segregation, a dual dynamic for movements based on identity and financial capital has been produced so that the expenditure of a monetary value occurs during residential movements. Previous work has only considered a single approach for this dynamic and the results for different approaches are explored. The results show that the definition of the expenditure dynamic has a large effect on the entropy traces and financial homogeneity. The design choice provides insight for how the housing market can drive inequality or equality.

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13

Polka, Jessica K., Justin M. Kollman, David A. Agard, and R. Dyche Mullins. "The Structure and Assembly Dynamics of Plasmid Actin AlfA Imply a Novel Mechanism of DNA Segregation." Journal of Bacteriology 191, no. 20 (August 7, 2009): 6219–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.00676-09.

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ABSTRACT Bacterial cytoskeletal proteins participate in a variety of processes, including cell division and DNA segregation. Polymerization of one plasmid-encoded, actin-like protein, ParM, segregates DNA by pushing two plasmids in opposite directions and forms the current paradigm for understanding active plasmid segregation. An essential feature of ParM assembly is its dynamically instability, the stochastic switching between growth and disassembly. It is unclear whether dynamic instability is an essential feature of all actin-like protein-based segregation mechanisms or whether bacterial filaments can segregate plasmids by different mechanisms. We expressed and purified AlfA, a plasmid-segregating actin-like protein from Bacillus subtilis, and found that it forms filaments with a unique structure and biochemistry; AlfA nucleates rapidly, polymerizes in the presence of ATP or GTP, and forms highly twisted, ribbon-like, helical filaments with a left-handed pitch and protomer nucleotide binding pockets rotated away from the filament axis. Intriguingly, AlfA filaments spontaneously associate to form uniformly sized, mixed-polarity bundles. Most surprisingly, our biochemical characterization revealed that AlfA does not display dynamic instability and is relatively stable in the presence of diphosphate nucleotides. These results (i) show that there is remarkable structural diversity among bacterial actin filaments and (ii) indicate that AlfA filaments partition DNA by a novel mechanism.

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14

Bhuiyan, GM. "Microscopic Origin of Immiscibility and Segregation in Liquid Metallic Binary Alloys." Bangladesh Journal of Physics 27, no. 2 (March 10, 2022): 1–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjphy.v27i2.57663.

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Microscopic description in the study of immiscibility and segregating properties of liquid metallic binary alloys has gained a renewed scientific and technological interests during the last eight years for the physicists, metallurgists and chemists. Especially, in understanding the basic mechanisms, from the point of interionic interaction, and how and why segregation in some metallic alloys takes place at and under certain thermodynamic state specified by temperature and pressure. An overview of the theoretical and experimental works done by different authors or groups in the area of segregation combining electronic theory of metals, statistical mechanics and the perturbative approach is presented in this review. Main attention in this review is focused on the static effects such as the effects of energy of mixing, enthalpy of mixing, entropy of mixing and understanding the critical behavior of segregation of alloys from the microscopic theoretical approach. Investigation of segregating properties from the dynamic effects such as from the effects of shear viscosity and diffusion coefficient is just becoming available. However, we have restricted this review only on static effects and their variation of impacts on different alloys. Bangladesh Journal of Physics, 27(2), 1-25, December 2020

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15

Zuo, Wenlong, and Yilin Wu. "Dynamic motility selection drives population segregation in a bacterial swarm." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, no. 9 (February 14, 2020): 4693–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1917789117.

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Population expansion in space, or range expansion, is widespread in nature and in clinical settings. Space competition among heterogeneous subpopulations during range expansion is essential to population ecology, and it may involve the interplay of multiple factors, primarily growth and motility of individuals. Structured microbial communities provide model systems to study space competition during range expansion. Here we use bacterial swarms to investigate how single-cell motility contributes to space competition among heterogeneous bacterial populations during range expansion. Our results revealed that motility heterogeneity can promote the spatial segregation of subpopulations via a dynamic motility selection process. The dynamic motility selection is enabled by speed-dependent persistence time bias of single-cell motion, which presumably arises from physical interaction between cells in a densely packed swarm. We further showed that the dynamic motility selection may contribute to collective drug tolerance of swarming colonies by segregating subpopulations with transient drug tolerance to the colony edge. Our results illustrate that motility heterogeneity, or “motility fitness,” can play a greater role than growth rate fitness in determining the short-term spatial structure of expanding populations.

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16

Петухов, Б. В. "Механизм обусловленного динамической примесной подсистемой аномального поведения пластического течения материалов с высоким кристаллическим рельефом." Физика твердого тела 63, no. 12 (2021): 2126. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/ftt.2021.12.51674.157.

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A model of dynamic interaction of dislocations with an impurity subsystem of crystals with a high potential relief of the crystal lattice (Peierls barriers) is developed. Such materials include metals with body-centered cubic structure, semiconductors, ceramics, and many others. It is shown that the modification of impurity migration barriers near the dislocation core significantly affects the segregation of impurities on the moving dislocation. The presence of a substantially nonequilibrium initial stage of segregation kinetics leading to anomalies of dislocation dynamics and yield strength of materials is substantiated.

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17

Kollmann, Trevor, Simone Marsiglio, and Sandy Suardi. "Racial segregation in the United States since the Great Depression: A dynamic segregation approach." Journal of Housing Economics 40 (June 2018): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhe.2018.03.004.

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18

Dannemann, Teodoro, Boris Sotomayor-Gómez, and Horacio Samaniego. "The time geography of segregation during working hours." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 10 (October 2018): 180749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.180749.

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While segregation is usually evaluated at the residential level, the recent influx of large streams of data describing urbanites’ movement across the city allows to generate detailed descriptions of spatio-temporal segregation patterns across the activity space of individuals. For instance, segregation across the activity space is usually thought to be lower compared with residential segregation given the importance of social complementarity, among other factors, shaping the economies of cities. However, these new dynamic approaches to segregation convey important methodological challenges. This paper proposes a methodological framework to investigate segregation during working hours. Our approach combines three well-known mathematical tools: community detection algorithms, segregation metrics and random walk analysis. Using Santiago (Chile) as our model system, we build a detailed home–work commuting network from a large dataset of mobile phone pings and spatially partition the city into several communities. We then evaluate the probability that two persons at their work location will come from the same community. Finally, a randomization analysis of commuting distances and angles corroborates the strong segregation description for Santiago provided by the sociological literature. While our findings highlights the benefit of developing new approaches to understand dynamic processes in the urban environment, unveiling counterintuitive patterns such as segregation at our workplace also shows a specific example in which the exposure dimension of segregation is successfully studied using the growingly available streams of highly detailed anonymized mobile phone registries.

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19

Ristenpart, William D., Olivier Vincent, Sigolene Lecuyer, and Howard A. Stone. "Dynamic Angular Segregation of Vesicles in Electrohydrodynamic Flows." Langmuir 26, no. 12 (June 15, 2010): 9429–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/la100447m.

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20

Grauwin, Sébastian, Florence Goffette-Nagot, and Pablo Jensen. "Dynamic models of residential segregation: An analytical solution." Journal of Public Economics 96, no. 1-2 (February 2012): 124–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2011.08.011.

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21

Rabkin, E., W. Gust, and Y. Estrin. "On dynamic segregation in the discontinuous precipitation reaction." Scripta Materialia 37, no. 1 (July 1997): 119–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-6462(97)00056-0.

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22

Shimano, J. Y., and A. G. MacDiarmid. "Phase segregation in polyaniline: a dynamic block copolymer." Synthetic Metals 119, no. 1-3 (March 2001): 365–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0379-6779(00)00975-9.

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23

Domenichini, Bruno, Pascal Perriat, Jérôme Merle, Karine Basset, Nadine Guigue-Millot, and Sylvie Bourgeois. "Dynamic segregation phenomena during oxidation of titanium ferrites." Journal of Materials Chemistry 9, no. 5 (1999): 1179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/a808732f.

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24

Domenichini, B., K. Amilain-Basset, and S. Bourgeois. "Dynamic segregation during ferrite oxidation revealed by XPS." Surface and Interface Analysis 34, no. 1 (2002): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.1353.

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25

Zhang, Zhi Qiang, Xue Qian Gu, and Nan Gai Yi. "The Numerical Simulation and Quantitative Study of Testing the Segregation Pile with the Low Strain Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 170-173 (May 2012): 863–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.170-173.863.

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With ANSYS/LS-DYNA dynamic analyzing method, the 3-D finite element model of testing segregation piles with low strain method is got. By analyzing reflective oscillogram of the segregation layer with the same thickness but different strength, the method to analyze the strength of the segregation layer is got. By comparing the reflective oscillogram of the concrete with the same strength but different thickness of the segregation layer, the method to test segregation thickness is formed. The experiment states that when the pile defect is qualitatively validated as segregation by accurately analyzing the amplitude of the stress wave of the segregation part and the amplitude of the reflective wave of the bottom pile, including the time corresponding to the amplitude. The level of the defect of the segregation layer can be judged quantitatively in a much smaller error range.

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26

Goretta, K. C., J. L. Routbort, and T. A. Bloom. "Dynamic strain aging and serrated flow in MnO." Journal of Materials Research 1, no. 1 (February 1986): 124–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1986.0124.

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The effects of aging on the upper yield stress τup and serrated flow have been studied in MnO single crystals at 900 °C for oxygen partial pressures ρO2 of 10−11 and 10−7 Pa. Aging initially increases τup as a consequence of segregation of aliovalent impurities to dislocations for both ρO2 values. For long aging times and ρO2 = 10-11 Pa, serrated flow accompanied by solute softening is observed. The data fit predictions of a Portevin-Le Chatelier model for serrations, but with impurity atmospheres causing softening instead of hardening. This is believed to result from changes in local defect equilibria caused by segregation of impurities with valences greater than two to dislocations.

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27

Fu, Yu Dong, Gang Wang, Chen Liu, and Qing Fen Li. "Experimental Studies of Non-Equilibrium Grain-Boundary Segregations of Phosphorus under Low Tensile Stresses." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 396–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.396.

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In the present paper, the non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation of P atom was studied in low alloy steels subjected to a low tensile stress at different temperatures. The AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) experiments and dynamic analyses were conducted to study on the non-equilibrium grain-boundary segregation of P atom. The research results show that non-equilibrium segregation of phosphorus occurred at the grain boundaries of the steels 2.25Cr1Mo and 12Cr1MoV, while the critical time reached about 0-1 hour at constant temperatures 773 and 813K. The relationship between the diffusion rate and the diffusion time for the complex and the phosphorus atom was investigated based on the experimental results. Eventually the diffusion coefficients of complex and P were calculated with using a proposed dynamic model.

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28

Shav-Tal, Yaron, Janna Blechman, Xavier Darzacq, Cristina Montagna, Billy T. Dye, James G. Patton, Robert H. Singer, and Dov Zipori. "Dynamic Sorting of Nuclear Components into Distinct Nucleolar Caps during Transcriptional Inhibition." Molecular Biology of the Cell 16, no. 5 (May 2005): 2395–413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e04-11-0992.

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Nucleolar segregation is observed under some physiological conditions of transcriptional arrest. This process can be mimicked by transcriptional arrest after actinomycin D treatment leading to the segregation of nucleolar components and the formation of unique structures termed nucleolar caps surrounding a central body. These nucleolar caps have been proposed to arise from the segregation of nucleolar components. We show that contrary to prevailing notion, a group of nucleoplasmic proteins, mostly RNA binding proteins, relocalized from the nucleoplasm to a specific nucleolar cap during transcriptional inhibition. For instance, an exclusively nucleoplasmic protein, the splicing factor PSF, localized to nucleolar caps under these conditions. This structure also contained pre-rRNA transcripts, but other caps contained either nucleolar proteins, PML, or Cajal body proteins and in addition nucleolar or Cajal body RNAs. In contrast to the capping of the nucleoplasmic components, nucleolar granular component proteins dispersed into the nucleoplasm, although at least two (p14/ARF and MRP RNA) were retained in the central body. The nucleolar caps are dynamic structures as determined using photobleaching and require energy for their formation. These findings demonstrate that the process of nucleolar segregation and capping involves energy-dependent repositioning of nuclear proteins and RNAs and emphasize the dynamic characteristics of nuclear domain formation in response to cellular stress.

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29

Lankheet, M. J. M., and M. Palmen. "Stereoscopic Transparency and Segregation in Depth." Perception 25, no. 1_suppl (August 1996): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/v96p0219.

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We previously described the spatiotemporal requirements for binocular correlation in stereopsis using sinusoidal gratings-in-depth (Lankheet and Lennie, 1996 Vision Research36 527 – 538). The use of smooth sinusoidal surfaces emphasised the effects of spatial and temporal integration. Binocular correlation, however, depends not only on integration, but also on segregation at depth discontinuities. In the present experiments we therefore investigated segregation-in-depth, using random dot stereograms that depicted two transparent frontoparallel planes positioned symmetrically on either side of a binocular fixation point. Sensitivity for segregating the two planes was established by adding Gaussian distributed disparity noise to the disparities specifying the planes, and finding the noise amplitude that rendered transparency just detectable. The stimuli consisted of dynamic random-dot displays (dot lifetime 4 frames, at a frame rate of 67 Hz), generated in real time by a Macintosh computer, displayed on a television monitor, and viewed through a stereoscope. We used a method of constant stimuli and a 2AFC procedure. Two transparent planes were presented in one interval, and a single plane, with Gaussian distributed disparity values spanning the same range, was presented in the other. Segregation of stationary patterns was optimal for disparity differences of about ±9 min arc. Differences smaller than ±3 min arc and larger than about ±18 min arc could not be resolved. Motion contrast between the two patterns greatly facilitated segregation in depth. The facilitating effect increased with the difference in motion directions. The optimal speed varied with the difference in disparity.

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30

Mansour, Omar, Beatrice Cattoz, Manon Beaube, Richard Heenan, Ralf Schweins, Jamie Hurcom, and Peter Griffiths. "Segregation versus Interdigitation in Highly Dynamic Polymer/Surfactant Layers." Polymers 11, no. 1 (January 10, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11010109.

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Many polymer/surfactant formulations involve a trapped kinetic state that provides some beneficial character to the formulation. However, the vast majority of studies on formulations focus on equilibrium states. Here, nanoscale structures present at dynamic interfaces in the form of air-in-water foams are explored, stabilised by mixtures of commonly used non-ionic, surface active block copolymers (Pluronic®) and small molecule ionic surfactants (sodium dodecylsulfate, SDS, and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide, C12TAB). Transient foams formed from binary mixtures of these surfactants shows considerable changes in stability which correlate with the strength of the solution interaction which delineate the interfacial structures. Weak solution interactions reflective of distinct coexisting micellar structures in solution lead to segregated layers at the foam interface, whereas strong solution interactions lead to mixed structures both in bulk solution, forming interdigitated layers at the interface.

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31

Zhang, Xueliang, Wenju Liu, and Bo Xu. "Monaural Voiced Speech Segregation Based on Dynamic Harmonic Function." EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing 2010, no. 1 (2010): 252374. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1687-4722-2010-252374.

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32

Fogel, M. A., and M. K. Waldor. "A dynamic, mitotic-like mechanism for bacterial chromosome segregation." Genes & Development 20, no. 23 (December 1, 2006): 3269–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gad.1496506.

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33

Breier, A. M., and N. R. Cozzarelli. "Linear ordering and dynamic segregation of the bacterial chromosome." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 101, no. 25 (June 15, 2004): 9175–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0403722101.

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34

De Luca, A., A. Portavoce, M. Texier, N. Burle, and B. Pichaud. "Dynamic segregation of metallic impurities at SiO2/Si interfaces." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 471 (November 29, 2013): 012029. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/471/1/012029.

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35

Watamaniuk, Scott N. J., Jeff Flinn, and R. Eric Stohr. "Segregation from direction differences in dynamic random-dot stimuli." Vision Research 43, no. 2 (January 2003): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0042-6989(02)00434-0.

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36

Feng, Yao-Dong, Can-Can Liu, Qing-Fan Shi, and Gang Sun. "Dynamic properties of the two-dimensional density-driven segregation." Communications in Theoretical Physics 72, no. 7 (June 18, 2020): 075601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1572-9494/ab8a27.

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37

Chen, Senbin, and Wolfgang H. Binder. "Dynamic Ordering and Phase Segregation in Hydrogen-Bonded Polymers." Accounts of Chemical Research 49, no. 7 (June 17, 2016): 1409–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.accounts.6b00174.

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38

Conejeros, Raul, and Miguel Vargas. "Segregation, exclusion and compensating transfers under a dynamic setting." Applied Economics 44, no. 17 (June 2012): 2203–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2011.562171.

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39

Zhang, Xueliang, Wenju Liu, and Bo Xu. "Monaural Voiced Speech Segregation Based on Dynamic Harmonic Function." EURASIP Journal on Audio, Speech, and Music Processing 2010 (2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2010/252374.

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Titos, Iris, Tsvetomira Ivanova, and Manuel Mendoza. "Chromosome length and perinuclear attachment constrain resolution of DNA intertwines." Journal of Cell Biology 206, no. 6 (September 15, 2014): 719–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201404039.

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To allow chromosome segregation, topoisomerase II (topo II) must resolve sister chromatid intertwines (SCI) formed during deoxynucleic acid (DNA) replication. How this process extends to the full genome is not well understood. In budding yeast, the unique structure of the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) array is thought to cause late SCI resolution of this genomic region during anaphase. In this paper, we show that chromosome length, and not the presence of rDNA repeats, is the critical feature determining the time of topo II–dependent segregation. Segregation of chromosomes lacking rDNA also requires the function of topo II in anaphase, and increasing chromosome length aggravates missegregation in topo II mutant cells. Furthermore, anaphase Stu2-dependent microtubule dynamics are critical for separation of long chromosomes. Finally, defects caused by topo II or Stu2 impairment depend on attachment of telomeres to the nuclear envelope. We propose that topological constraints imposed by chromosome length and perinuclear attachment determine the amount of SCI that topo II and dynamic microtubules resolve during anaphase.

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Pamula, Melissa C., Lina Carlini, Scott Forth, Priyanka Verma, Subbulakshmi Suresh, Wesley R. Legant, Alexey Khodjakov, Eric Betzig, and Tarun M. Kapoor. "High-resolution imaging reveals how the spindle midzone impacts chromosome movement." Journal of Cell Biology 218, no. 8 (June 27, 2019): 2529–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.201904169.

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In the spindle midzone, microtubules from opposite half-spindles form bundles between segregating chromosomes. Microtubule bundles can either push or restrict chromosome movement during anaphase in different cellular contexts, but how these activities are achieved remains poorly understood. Here, we use high-resolution live-cell imaging to analyze individual microtubule bundles, growing filaments, and chromosome movement in dividing human cells. Within bundles, filament overlap length marked by the cross-linking protein PRC1 decreases during anaphase as chromosome segregation slows. Filament ends within microtubule bundles appear capped despite dynamic PRC1 turnover and submicrometer proximity to growing microtubules. Chromosome segregation distance and rate are increased in two human cell lines when microtubule bundle assembly is prevented via PRC1 knockdown. Upon expressing a mutant PRC1 with reduced microtubule affinity, bundles assemble but chromosome hypersegregation is still observed. We propose that microtubule overlap length reduction, typically linked to pushing forces generated within filament bundles, is needed to properly restrict spindle elongation and position chromosomes within daughter cells.

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Shaikh, Rehan. "Automatic Waste Collection & Segregation." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VII (July 15, 2021): 1361–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.36399.

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Rapidly growing urbanization and increasing population in all over the world, causing dynamic increase in the amount of waste disposal. Dumping of waste has become a matter of concern all over the world because of the threat to the environment. There comes the pivotal role of the automatic waste segregation system which avoid this unfortunate situation and it also reduces the difficulty of recycling. Currently there is no such system for segregation of metal, dry, and wet waste. This work proposes a On spot automatic waste segregation system that gives the solution to this problem. The benefits of this work are, high potential for waste recovery and the occupational hazards of waste separating workers also reduces.

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Mabuchi, Mamoru, and Kenji Higashi. "Processing of high-strain-rate superplastic Si3N4w/Al–Mg–Si composites." Journal of Materials Research 10, no. 10 (October 1995): 2494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1995.2494.

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Effects of reduction, reinforcements, and dynamic precipitation on grain refinement by hot extrusion have been investigated in a Si3N4w/Al-Mg-Si (6061) composite by tensile tests and microstructural investigation. The grain refinement was attributed to an interaction of recrystallization and dynamic precipitation, which was enhanced by reinforcements. Not only fine-grained microstructure, but also relaxing stress concentrations which are caused at matrix/reinforcement interfaces during superplastic flow are required to attain large elongations. Partial melting resulting from segregation plays an important role in relaxing the stress concentrations. DSC investigations revealed that the degree of segregation was increased by hot extrusion.

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Vaart, Babet van der, Anna Akhmanova, and Anne Straube. "Regulation of microtubule dynamic instability." Biochemical Society Transactions 37, no. 5 (September 21, 2009): 1007–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bst0371007.

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Proper regulation of MT (microtubule) dynamics is essential for various vital processes, including the segregation of chromosomes, directional cell migration and differentiation. MT assembly and disassembly is modulated by a complex network of intracellular factors that co-operate or antagonize each other, are highly regulated in space and time and are thus attuned to the cell cycle and differentiation processes. While we only begin to appreciate how the concerted action of MT stabilizers and destabilizers shapes different MT patterns, a clear picture of how individual factors affect the MT structure is emerging. In this paper, we review the current knowledge about proteins that modulate MT dynamic instability.

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Jang, Chang-Young, Jim Wong, Judith A. Coppinger, Akiko Seki, John R. Yates, and Guowei Fang. "DDA3 recruits microtubule depolymerase Kif2a to spindle poles and controls spindle dynamics and mitotic chromosome movement." Journal of Cell Biology 181, no. 2 (April 14, 2008): 255–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200711032.

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Dynamic turnover of the spindle is a driving force for chromosome congression and segregation in mitosis. Through a functional genomic analysis, we identify DDA3 as a previously unknown regulator of spindle dynamics that is essential for mitotic progression. DDA3 depletion results in a high frequency of unaligned chromosomes, a substantial reduction in tension across sister kinetochores at metaphase, and a decrease in the velocity of chromosome segregation at anaphase. DDA3 associates with the mitotic spindle and controls microtubule (MT) dynamics. Mechanistically, DDA3 interacts with the MT depolymerase Kif2a in an MT-dependent manner and recruits Kif2a to the mitotic spindle and spindle poles. Depletion of DDA3 increases the steady-state levels of spindle MTs by reducing the turnover rate of the mitotic spindle and by increasing the rate of MT polymerization, which phenocopies the effects of partial knockdown of Kif2a. Thus, DDA3 represents a new class of MT-destabilizing protein that controls spindle dynamics and mitotic progression by regulating MT depolymerases.

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Li, Fei, and Donggen Wang. "Measuring urban segregation based on individuals’ daily activity patterns: A multidimensional approach." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 49, no. 2 (October 14, 2016): 467–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0308518x16673213.

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This paper develops a methodology to measure urban segregation based on individuals’ sociospatial experience of daily life. Since segregation can be considered as the isolation of people from those unlike themselves, its degree increases with the similarity in ethnicity, economic status, or other sociodemographic dimensions of interest between individuals and people who they are exposed to in their daily usage of urban space. Based on this perspective, we propose a regression estimator that measures segregation by assessing similarity or likeness between people and the social environments they experience in daily activity spaces. Compared to traditional segregation measures, the proposed estimator is not restricted to measuring residential segregation, but recognizes and assesses segregation as a dynamic process that unfolds in the daily life routines of individuals in a society and depends on the different ways individuals or social groups use urban space. It can be applied to various segregation factors, categorical or continuous, as well as to examine their interactions in a society. An empirical study in Hong Kong is used to demonstrate the proposed approach.

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Ma, Xuedong, Yanbing Zhang, Heli Ran, and Qingying Zhang. "Segregation simulation of binary granular matter under horizontal pendulum vibrations." International Journal of Modern Physics B 30, no. 30 (November 23, 2016): 1650214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979216502143.

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Segregation of binary granular matter with different densities under horizontal pendulum vibrations was investigated through numerical simulation using a 3D discrete element method (DEM). The particle segregation mechanism was theoretically analyzed using gap filling, momentum and kinetic energy. The effect of vibrator geometry on granular segregation was determined using the Lacey mixing index. This study shows that dynamic changes in particle gaps under periodic horizontal pendulum vibrations create a premise for particle segregation. The momentum of heavy particles is higher than that of light particles, which causes heavy particles to sink and light particles to float. With the same horizontal vibration parameters, segregation efficiency and stability, which are affected by the vibrator with a cylindrical convex geometry, are superior to that of the original vibrator and the vibrator with a cross-bar structure. Moreover, vibrator geometry influences the segregation speed of granular matter. Simulation results of granular segregation by using the DEM are consistent with the final experimental results, thereby confirming the accuracy of the simulation results and the reliability of the analysis.

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Spaiser, Viktoria, Peter Hedström, Shyam Ranganathan, Kim Jansson, Monica K. Nordvik, and David J. T. Sumpter. "Identifying Complex Dynamics in Social Systems." Sociological Methods & Research 47, no. 2 (January 28, 2016): 103–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049124116626174.

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It is widely recognized that segregation processes are often the result of complex nonlinear dynamics. Empirical analyses of complex dynamics are however rare, because there is a lack of appropriate empirical modeling techniques that are capable of capturing complex patterns and nonlinearities. At the same time, we know that many social phenomena display nonlinearities. In this article, we introduce a new modeling tool in order to partly fill this void in the literature. Using data of all secondary schools in Stockholm county during the years 1990 to 2002, we demonstrate how the methodology can be applied to identify complex dynamic patterns like tipping points and multiple phase transitions with respect to segregation. We establish critical thresholds in schools’ ethnic compositions, in general, and in relation to various factors such as school quality and parents’ income, at which the schools are likely to tip and become increasingly segregated.

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Wilkinson, David G. "Establishing sharp and homogeneous segments in the hindbrain." F1000Research 7 (August 13, 2018): 1268. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15391.1.

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Studies of the vertebrate hindbrain have revealed parallel mechanisms that establish sharp segments with a distinct and homogeneous regional identity. Recent work has revealed roles of cell identity regulation and its relationships with cell segregation. At early stages, there is overlapping expression at segment borders of the Egr2 and Hoxb1 transcription factors that specify distinct identities, which is resolved by reciprocal repression. Computer simulations show that this dynamic regulation of cell identity synergises with cell segregation to generate sharp borders. Some intermingling between segments occurs at early stages, and ectopic egr2-expressing cells switch identity to match their new neighbours. This switching is mediated by coupling between egr2 expression and the level of retinoic acid signalling, which acts in a community effect to maintain homogeneous segmental identity. These findings reveal an interplay between cell segregation and the dynamic regulation of cell identity in the formation of sharp patterns in the hindbrain and raise the question of whether similar mechanisms occur in other tissues.

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Johnson, Scott P., and Richard N. Aslin. "Young Infants' Perception of Illusory Contours in Dynamic Displays." Perception 27, no. 3 (March 1998): 341–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/p270341.

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Ninety-six 4-month-old infants were habituated to one of three computer-generated displays depicting two rod parts above and below an occluding box. In the first display, the surfaces and boundaries of the rod and box were specified by dense surface texture. Their depth segregation was specified by accretion and deletion of background texture and motion shear. In the second display, the unity of the rod parts and box, and their depth segregation, were specified only by illusory contours. In the third display, the boundaries of the rod and box were specified by illusory contours, perceptible only via spatiotemporal integration of accretion and deletion of sparse-background-texture elements. Infants appeared to perceive object unity, and segregate the rod and box surfaces, in all three displays, indicating use of illusory contours to perceive bounded surfaces in depth. The results suggest a cognitive contribution to perception of some illusory contours, abilities which seem to be present by at least 4 months of age.

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