Journal articles: 'Dynamic propensity'

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Schoenenberger, Cora-Ann, Nicolas Bischler, Birthe Fahrenkrog, and Ueli Aebi. "Actin's propensity for dynamic filament patterning." FEBS Letters 529, no. 1 (August 28, 2002): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0014-5793(02)03267-2.

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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "Business Cycles in a Three-sector Growth Model with Portfolio Equilibrium between Land, Gold and Capital." Margin: The Journal of Applied Economic Research 12, no. 2 (April 12, 2018): 171–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0973801017753284.

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This study generalises a growth model proposed by Zhang (2016) through allowing all the time-dependent variables to be time-dependent. Zhang’s model deals with dynamic interdependence between capital accumulation and environmental change, with portfolio equilibrium among land, gold and physical wealth in a multi-sector general equilibrium framework. The model explains the dynamics of prices, rents and distribution of land, gold, physical wealth and environmental change on the basis of micro-economic foundation. This article generalises the model to explain business cycles due to different exogenous shocks. We simulate the motion of the economy and conduct comparative dynamic analysis to demonstrate business cycles due to periodic oscillations in the propensity to use gold, the propensity to consume housing, the propensity to consume industrial goods, the propensity to consume agricultural goods, the propensity to save, and the tax rate on the consumption of industrial goods. JEL Classification: O41, D41, E32

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Kim, Daekeon, Daun Jeong, and YounJoon Jung. "Dynamic propensity as an indicator of heterogeneity in room-temperature ionic liquids." Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 16, no. 36 (2014): 19712–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4cp01893a.

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Wang, Xiaoyuan, Jin Liu, and Jinglei Zhang. "Dynamic Recognition Model of Driver’s Propensity under Multilane Traffic Environments." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/309415.

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Driver’s propensity intends to change along with driving environment. In this paper, the situation factors (vehicle groups) that affect directly the driver’s affection among environment factors are considered under two-lane conditions. Then dynamic recognition model of driver’s propensity can be established in time-varying environment through Dynamic Bayesian Network (DBN). Physiology-psychology experiments and real vehicle tests are designed to collect characteristic data of driver’s propensity in different situations. Results show that the model is adaptable to realize the dynamic recognition of driver’s propensity type in multilane conditions, and it provides a theoretical basis for the realization of human-centered and personalized automobile active safety systems.

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Shikano, Susumu, and Bernhard Kittel. "Dynamics of Voting Propensity." Political Research Quarterly 69, no. 4 (September 28, 2016): 813–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1065912916663654.

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This paper aims to deliver experimental evidence on the dispute between two behavioral models of electoral turnout. Both models share the idea that the subjects’ voting propensities are updated from their past propensities, aspirations, and realized payoffs. However, they differ in the exact specification of the feedback mechanism. The first model has a strong feedback mechanism toward 50 percent, while the other has only moderate feedback. This difference leads to two distinct distributions of voter types: the first model generates more casual voters who vote and abstain from time to time. The latter generates more habitual voting behavior. Thus far, the latter model seemed to be better supported empirically because survey data reveal more habitual voters and abstainers than casual voters. Given that the two models differ in their propensity updating mechanism in dynamic processes, a more direct test of their assumptions as well as implications with survey data is still pending. We designed a laboratory experiment in which subjects repeatedly make turnout and voting decisions. The result from experimental data is mixed, but more supportive of the second model with habitual voters and abstainers.

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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "Values of Land and Renewable Resources in a Three-Sector Economic Growth Model." Studies in Business and Economics 10, no. 1 (April 1, 2015): 156–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sbe-2015-0015.

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Abstract This paper studies dynamic interdependence of capital, land and resource values in a three sector growth model with endogenous wealth and renewable resources. The model is based on the neoclassical growth theory, Ricardian theory and growth theory with renewable resources. The household’s decision is modeled with an alternative approach proposed by Zhang two decades ago. The economic system consists of the households, industrial, agricultural, and resource sectors. The model describes a dynamic interdependence between wealth accumulation, resource change, and division of labor under perfect competition. We simulate the model to demonstrate the existence of a unique stable equilibrium point and plot the motion of the dynamic system. The study conducts comparative dynamic analysis with regard to changes in the propensity to consume resources, the propensity to consume housing, the propensity to consume agricultural goods, the propensity to consume industrial goods, the propensity to save, the population, and the output elasticity of capital of the resource sector.

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Hedges, Lester O., and Juan P. Garrahan. "Dynamic propensity in a kinetically constrained lattice gas." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 19, no. 20 (April 25, 2007): 205124. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/19/20/205124.

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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "A neoclassical growth model with endogenous birth and mortality rates." Ekonomski anali 66, no. 231 (2021): 99–125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka2131099z.

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This study examines dynamic interdependence between different socio-cultural groups? birth rates, mortality rates, populations, wealth accumulation, and the allocation of time between work, leisure, and childcare. It emphasises the role of changes in human capital, technology, and preferences on birth and mortality rates and time allocations. The economic mechanism of wealth and income distribution is based on the Walrasian general equilibrium theory, and wealth accumulation is based on the Solow growth model. The paper uses a utility function proposed by Zhang (2015) to describe the behaviour of households. It also models group and gender differences in human capital, the propensity to have children, the propensity to use leisure time, and the efficiency of childcare. The paper uses differential equations to describe the dynamics of group differences in wealth, income, birth rates, mortality rates, and populations. I simulate a model to show the motion of the system and identify the existence of an equilibrium point. I also examine the effects on the dynamics of the economic system of changes in the propensity to have children and the propensity to save, and in gender differences in the propensity to use leisure, in human capital, and in emotional involvement in childcare.

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Wang, Xiaoyuan, Jianqiang Wang, Jinglei Zhang, and Xuegang Jeff Ban. "Lane-changing model with dynamic consideration of driver's propensity." International Journal of Modern Physics C 26, no. 02 (February 2015): 1550015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183115500151.

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Lane-changing is the driver's selection result of the satisfaction degree in different lane driving conditions. There are many different factors influencing lane-changing behavior, such as diversity, randomicity and difficulty of measurement. So it is hard to accurately reflect the uncertainty of drivers' lane-changing behavior. As a result, the research of lane-changing models is behind that of car-following models. Driver's propensity is her/his emotion state or the corresponding preference of a decision or action toward the real objective traffic situations under the influence of various dynamic factors. It represents the psychological characteristics of the driver in the process of vehicle operation and movement. It is an important factor to influence lane-changing. In this paper, dynamic recognition of driver's propensity is considered during simulation based on its time-varying discipline and the analysis of the driver's psycho-physic characteristics. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) method is used to quantify the hierarchy of driver's dynamic lane-changing decision-making process, especially the influence of the propensity. The model is validated using real data. Test results show that the developed lane-changing model with the dynamic consideration of a driver's time-varying propensity and the AHP method are feasible and with improved accuracy.

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Covey, Judith, and Qiyuan Zhang. "The effect of dynamic proximity cues on counterfactual plausibility." Judgment and Decision Making 9, no. 6 (November 2014): 586–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1930297500006446.

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AbstractPrevious research has found that people consult closeness or proximity cues when they evaluate the plausibility or likelihood of a counterfactual alternative to reality. In this paper we asked whether the plausibility of counterfactuals extends to dynamic proximity cues that signal a sense of propensity or acceleration in the lead-up to an outcome. Subjects gambled on obtaining either three heads or three tails from three coin-flips. When they lost the gamble they thought it was more likely that they could have won if they had lost on the third coin-flip that was revealed rather than the first or second coin-flip. We discuss how the sense of propensity was raised prior to the revelation of the final decisive losing coin-flip which created a perception of psychological momentum towards winning. Moreover, the consequence of this propensity effect was to positively bias perceptions of the likelihood of the counterfactual winning outcome.

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Wang, Xiaoyuan, Jianqiang Wang, Jinglei Zhang, and Jingheng Wang. "Dynamic Recognition of Driver’s Propensity Based on GPS Mobile Sensing Data and Privacy Protection." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1814608.

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Driver’s propensity is a dynamic measurement of driver’s emotional preference characteristics in driving process. It is a core parameter to compute driver’s intention and consciousness in safety driving assist system, especially in vehicle collision warning system. It is also an important influence factor to achieve the Driver-Vehicle-Environment Collaborative Wisdom and Control macroscopically. In this paper, dynamic recognition model of driver’s propensity based on support vector machine is established taking the vehicle safety controlled technology and respecting and protecting the driver’s privacy as precondition. The experiment roads travel time obtained through GPS is taken as the characteristic parameter. The sensing information of Driver-Vehicle-Environment was obtained through psychological questionnaire tests, real vehicle experiments, and virtual driving experiments, and the information is used for parameter calibration and validation of the model. Results show that the established recognition model of driver’s propensity is reasonable and feasible, which can achieve the dynamic recognition of driver’s propensity to some extent. The recognition model provides reference and theoretical basis for personalized vehicle active safety systems taking people as center especially for the vehicle safety technology based on the networking.

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Leavesley, Alisa, Christopher B. Wilson, Mark Sherwin, and Songi Han. "Effect of water/glycerol polymorphism on dynamic nuclear polarization." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 20, no. 15 (2018): 9897–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cp00358k.

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McCauley, Mark, Peter McCauley, Leonid Kalachev, and Hans van Dongen. "0202 Predicting Sleep Inertia in a Biomathematical Model of Fatigue and Performance: A Novel Approach." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A92—A93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.200.

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Abstract Introduction Biomathematical models of fatigue typically include sleep inertia as an additive process during wakefulness. However, there is predictive information to be gained from tracking the propensity for sleep inertia through sleep periods. We propose a novel approach involving a neurobiological sleep inertia process with relatively fast dynamics (in the order of several minutes) interacting with the much slower dynamics of the established processes of sleep/wake regulation. This sleep inertia process is captured by the addition of two ordinary differential equations (ODEs) in the model framework of McCauley and colleagues (2009, 2013, 2021) – one for wakefulness to track impairment from sleep inertia, and one for sleep to track the propensity for sleep inertia upon awakening. A single time constant is introduced to control the dynamic behavior of these ODEs to capture the dynamics of sleep inertia. Methods 398 healthy young adults (ages 21–49 years) each participated in one of eight multi-day laboratory studies of total sleep deprivation, sustained sleep restriction, or simulated shift work. At 2–4 hour intervals while awake, participants performed a Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT), for which number of lapses (RT>500ms) was assessed, and rated their sleepiness on the Karolinska Sleepiness Scale (KSS). Sleep periods were recorded polysomnographically. Data were divided into a calibration set (five studies) used to estimate a single new model parameter capturing sleep inertia, and a validation set (three studies) used to independently verify model validity. Results Based on the calibration data set, the sleep inertia time constant estimate was 0.71h±0.01. Based on the validation data set, goodness-of-fit root-mean-square-error was 2.28 for PVT and 0.733 for KSS, indicating high predictive accuracy. A dynamic buildup and then decline of predicted propensity for sleep inertia during sleep emerged, peaking 2–3h into the sleep period. Conclusion The model expansion with a one-parameter sleep inertia process captured the transient effect of sleep inertia accurately across a range of sleep deprivation, sleep restriction, and simulated shift work scenarios. The emerging dynamic of sleep inertia propensity during sleep is consistent with findings on the magnitude of sleep inertia as a function of sleep duration and stage of awakening. Support (If Any) WSU HPC

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Svihla, Vanessa, Michael J. Wester, and Marcia C. Linn. "Distributed Revisiting: an Analytic for Retention of Coherent Science Learning." Journal of Learning Analytics 2, no. 2 (December 7, 2015): 75–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18608/jla.2015.22.7.

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Designing learning experiences that support the development of coherent understanding of complex scientific phenomena is challenging. We sought to identify analytics that can guide such designs to also support retention of coherent understanding. Based on prior research that distributing study of material over time supports retention, we explored revisiting previously studied material as an analytic. We tested ways to operationalize revisiting: as a general propensity to revisit previously studied material; as a propensity to revisit specific curricular steps; as a general propensity to distribute study by revisiting previously studied material on different days; and as a propensity to distribute study by revisiting specific steps on different days. The specific steps identified as central to the learning design included a static illustration and a dynamic visualization. We modeled revisiting in a sample of 664 students taught by 7 different teachers using a Web-based Inquiry Science Environment unit. Analysis of log files and regression modeling revealed that a general propensity to revisit did not predict retention. Revisiting the dynamic visualization better supported retention than revisiting static material, but only for distributed revisiting. Our findings suggest that revisiting can be a useful analytic when aligned to the framework guiding learning design.

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Wang, Xiaoyuan, Longfei Chen, Huili Shi, Junyan Han, Gang Wang, Quanzheng Wang, Fusheng Zhong, and Hao Li. "A Real-Time Recognition System of Driving Propensity Based on AutoNavi Navigation Data." Sensors 22, no. 13 (June 28, 2022): 4883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22134883.

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Driving propensity is the driver’s attitude towards the actual traffic situation and the corresponding decision-making or behavior during the driving process. It is of great significance to improve the accuracy of safety early warning and reduce traffic accidents. In this paper, a real-time identification system of driving propensity based on AutoNavi navigation data is proposed. The main work includes: (1) A dynamic data acquisition method of AutoNavi navigation is proposed to obtain the time, speed and acceleration of the driver during the navigation process. (2) The dynamic data collection method of AutoNavi navigation is analyzed and verified through the dynamic data obtained in the real vehicle experiment. The principal component analysis method is used to process the experimental data to extract the driving propensity characteristics variables. (3) The fruit fly optimization algorithm combined with GRNN (generalized neural network) and the feature variable set are used to build a FOA-GRNN-based model. The results show that the overall accuracy of the model can reach 94.17%. (4) A driving propensity identification system is constructed. The system has been verified through real vehicle test experiments. This paper provides a novel and convenient method for building personalized intelligent driver assistance systems in practical applications.

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Salmony, Florentine U., and Dominik K. Kanbach. "Changes in Entrepreneurs’ Risk-Taking Propensity Across Venture Phases." Journal of Enterprising Culture 30, no. 01 (March 2022): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218495822500017.

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Risk-taking propensity is considered a defining characteristic of entrepreneurs. Previous research informs us that risk-taking propensity can be dynamic, changing over the course of an individual’s life, often in response to situational changes. Despite this, temporally driven shifts in entrepreneurs’ risk-taking propensity have been underappreciated by research to date. While some studies investigate risk-taking propensity variation across entrepreneurs in early venture phases, risk-taking propensity differences across all venture phases have not been investigated. To close this gap, we assess variations in risk-taking propensity across groups of entrepreneurs in different venture phases, ranging from early to late stages. In a sample of 266 practicing entrepreneurs, we observe notable differences in risk-taking propensity across venture phases. Early-stage entrepreneurs exhibit higher risk-taking propensity than those in later phases of venture maturity. This has important implications for entrepreneurship research and encourages the consideration of temporal personality variation and differences within the group of entrepreneurs.

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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "A synthesis of the Uzawa-Lucas model with the Walrasian-General-Equilibrium and Neoclassical-Growth theories." Ekonomski anali 58, no. 199 (2013): 7–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1399007z.

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This paper proposes a dynamic economic model of wealth accumulation and human capital accumulation with endogenous education. It is an extension of the Uzawa-Lucas model of a heterogeneous household economy with multiple ways of human capital accumulation. In addition to learning by education in the Uzawa-Lucas model (Uzawa, 1965; Lucas, 1988), we also consider Arrow?s ?learning by producing? (Arrow, 1962) and Zhang?s ?learning by consuming? (creative learning, Zhang, 2007) in the human capital accumulation equation. The economic system consists of one production sector and one education sector. Households differ in propensity to save, to obtain education, to consume, and in learning abilities. The model describes a dynamic interdependence between wealth accumulation, human capital accumulation, and division of labour with endogenous wealth and income distribution in perfect competition. We simulate the model to demonstrate the existence of equilibrium points and the motion of the dynamic system. We also demonstrate how changes in the propensity to obtain education, the population, the propensity to save, and the education sector?s total productivity affect economic development.

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Zhao, Jing, Pei-Ming Song, Qing Fang, and Jian-Hua Luo. "Protein Secondary Structure Prediction Using Dynamic Programming." Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica 37, no. 3 (March 1, 2005): 167–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/abbs/37.3.167.

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Abstract In the present paper, we describe how a directed graph was constructed and then searched for the optimum path using a dynamic programming approach, based on the secondary structure propensity of the protein short sequence derived from a training data set. The protein secondary structure was thus predicted in this way. The average three-state accuracy of the algorithm used was 76.70%.

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Lohmann, B. "Recent Developments of Resonant Auger Transitions: Predictions and Propensity Rules for the Dynamic Spin Polarisation." Australian Journal of Physics 52, no. 3 (1999): 397. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ph99019.

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The angular distribution and spin polarisation of the resonantly photoexcited Xe¤(4d–15/2 6p3/2 ) N5O2,3O2,3 Auger spectrum is investigated. The two-step model has been used which allows us to independently determine the dynamic parameters of the primary excitation and the Auger emission process. Assuming either a fully circularly or linearly polarised photon beam the dynamic parameters determining the primary photoexcitation become constant numbers independent of the matrix elements. Applying a relativistic distorted wave approximation the relevant numbers describing the Auger decay dynamics, i.e. relative intensities, angular distribution and spin polarisation parameters have been calculated, and are compared with experimental and other theoretical data. With this, predictions for the spin polarisation vector are possible. A large degree of dynamic spin polarisation has been found for all Auger transitions to a final state with Jf = ½ . This is in contrast to earlier calculations for diagram Auger transitions. Recently, we have given an explanation for this deriving propensity rules for resonant Auger transitions. The propensity rules allow for predictions for which Auger line a large dynamic spin polarisation can be expected. The predictions are in accord with our multiconfigurational Dirac–Fock calculations for the resonant Xe N5O2,3O2,3 and Ar L3M2,3M2,3 Auger multiplets. It is demonstrated that the effect of a large spin polarisation is caused by a large shift of the scattering phase of the emitted ?s1/2 partial waves, whereas a small spin polarisation is due to a cancellation between the Coulomb and scattering phases of the partial waves.

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Menéndez, Cintia A., Sebastián R. Accordino, Darío C. Gerbino, and Gustavo A. Appignanesi. "Hydrogen Bond Dynamic Propensity Studies for Protein Binding and Drug Design." PLOS ONE 11, no. 10 (October 28, 2016): e0165767. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0165767.

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Razul, M. Shajahan G., Gurpreet S. Matharoo, and Peter H. Poole. "Spatial correlation of the dynamic propensity of a glass-forming liquid." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 23, no. 23 (May 25, 2011): 235103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/23/23/235103.

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Lohmann, B. "Propensity rules for large dynamic spin polarization in resonant Auger transitions." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 32, no. 22 (November 8, 1999): L643—L650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/32/22/102.

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Wang, Xiaoyuan, Jinglei Zhang, Xuegang(Jeff) Ban, and Derong Tan. "Dynamic Feature Extraction Method of Driver's Propensity under Complicated Vehicle Group." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 5 (January 2013): 287653. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/287653.

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Fris, J. A. Rodriguez, L. M. Alarcón, and G. A. Appignanesi. "Time evolution of dynamic propensity in a model glass former: The interplay between structure and dynamics." Journal of Chemical Physics 130, no. 2 (January 14, 2009): 024108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3054359.

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Adrjanowicz, K., K. Kaminski, M. Tarnacka, K. Szutkowski, L. Popenda, G. Bartkowiak, and M. Paluch. "The effect of hydrogen bonding propensity and enantiomeric composition on the dynamics of supercooled ketoprofen – dielectric, rheological and NMR studies." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 15 (2016): 10585–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00578k.

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Kuzmenko, Olha, Yuriy Bilan, Evgenia Bondarenko, Beata Gavurova, and Hanna Yarovenko. "Dynamic stability of the financial monitoring system: Intellectual analysis." PLOS ONE 18, no. 1 (January 20, 2023): e0276533. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276533.

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Introduction Although there is a growing number of scientific publications on financial monitoring, combating money laundering, the shadow economy, and the impact of corruption on economic development, further research needs to determine the stability of the national financial system in dynamics. The dynamic stability of the national financial monitoring system subjects will allow to adequately assess the effectiveness of the existing national financial monitoring system in each country and determine the influential factors. Materials and methods The article investigates an approach to identifying the dynamic stability of the national financial monitoring system subjects based on the calculation of the integrated indicator of the country’s financial system propensity to ALM, vector autoregression (VAR) model taking into account time lag. The proposed integrated indicator allowed to adequately assess the existing financial monitoring systems of the countries (15 countries of the European Union for 2000–2020: Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Estonia, Finland, France, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Malta, Netherlands, Portugal, Slovak Republic, Spain). In addition, vector autoregression models (VAR) of the dependence of the country’s financial system propensity to ALM on the regressors Government Integrity, Index of economic freedom, Monetary Sector credit to the private sector (% GDP), were built, taking into account time lags in general and for each studied country. Results According to the modeling results, the national financial monitoring systems in Austria, Belgium, Estonia, Finland, France, Ireland, Netherlands, Slovak Republic, Spain were resistant to money laundering. It is vice versa in Malta, Greece, Cyprus, Portugal, Italy, Latvia. These conclusions are also confirmed based on a binary approach. Such exogenous variables as Government Integrity (with a lag of 2 years) and the Index of economic freedom (taking into account the time delays of the regression reflection under the influence of this regressor for 1 and 2 years) have a statistically significant effect on the country’s financial system. Conclusion The general vector autoregression (VAR) model shows that the current value of the country’s financial system propensity to ALM by 92.78% is determined by its previous value. With an increase of Government Integrity by 1%, the country’s financial system’s propensity to ALM will decrease by 0.000616 units with a lag of two years. The nature of the impact made by the Index of economic freedom on the performance feature was specific—when this indicator increases by 1% for a lag delay in one year, the PFSALM value will decrease by 0.001997 units, and for a lag delay of two years it will change the trend and increase by 0.003076 units per unit, respectively.

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Melamed, David, Ashley Harrell, and Brent Simpson. "Cooperation, clustering, and assortative mixing in dynamic networks." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 5 (January 16, 2018): 951–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1715357115.

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Humans’ propensity to cooperate is driven by our embeddedness in social networks. A key mechanism through which networks promote cooperation is clustering. Within clusters, conditional cooperators are insulated from exploitation by noncooperators, allowing them to reap the benefits of cooperation. Dynamic networks, where ties can be shed and new ties formed, allow for the endogenous emergence of clusters of cooperators. Although past work suggests that either reputation processes or network dynamics can increase clustering and cooperation, existing work on network dynamics conflates reputations and dynamics. Here we report results from a large-scale experiment (total n = 2,675) that embedded participants in clustered or random networks that were static or dynamic, with varying levels of reputational information. Results show that initial network clustering predicts cooperation in static networks, but not in dynamic ones. Further, our experiment shows that while reputations are important for partner choice, cooperation levels are driven purely by dynamics. Supplemental conditions confirmed this lack of a reputation effect. Importantly, we find that when participants make individual choices to cooperate or defect with each partner, as opposed to a single decision that applies to all partners (as is standard in the literature on cooperation in networks), cooperation rates in static networks are as high as cooperation rates in dynamic networks. This finding highlights the importance of structured relations for sustained cooperation, and shows how giving experimental participants more realistic choices has important consequences for whether dynamic networks promote higher levels of cooperation than static networks.

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Yu, Lisha, William H. Woodall, and Kwok-Leung Tsui. "Detecting node propensity changes in the dynamic degree corrected stochastic block model." Social Networks 54 (July 2018): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socnet.2018.03.004.

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Wang, Xiaoyuan, Yaqi Liu, Yongqing Guo, Yuanyuan Xia, and Chaozhong Wu. "Transformation mechanism of vehicle cluster situations under dynamic evolution of driver’s propensity." Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour 65 (August 2019): 665–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.trf.2018.08.011.

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Lazzari, Alessandro, Davide Tonazzi, Giovanni Conidi, Cristian Malmassari, Andrea Cerutti, and Francesco Massi. "Experimental Evaluation of Brake Pad Material Propensity to Stick-Slip and Groan Noise Emission." Lubricants 6, no. 4 (December 11, 2018): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/lubricants6040107.

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Frictional and dynamic responses of brake pad materials, when sliding on brake disc counterfaces, are at the origin of noise, vibration and harshness (NVH) issues such as brake noise emissions. In more detail, groan is a low frequency noise emission often associated to the stick-slip frictional response of the brake system. The instability of such contact is the result of the coupling between the system dynamics and the frictional response of the materials in contact. In this work, an experimental approach is proposed for measuring the frictional response and the propensity to generate stick-slip of different lining materials, coming from commercial brake pads, when sliding on a worn surface of a brake disc, under the same controlled boundary conditions. The proposed methodology allowed for comparing the propensity of the tested pad materials to stick-slip vibrations, which is in agreement with feedback from automotive industry on groan emission.

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Barnett, Matthew R., and Aiden G. Beer. "A Criterion for Conventional Dynamic Recrystallization: Application to Magnesium Alloys." Materials Science Forum 550 (July 2007): 369–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.550.369.

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An analytical approximation for the steady state dynamic recrystallized grain size is combined with a simple nucleation criterion to assess the propensity for dynamic recrystallization. In line with observation, the criterion predicts dynamic recrystallization in 99.9995% pure Al but not in material 99.5% pure. It also agrees with the observation that zone refined ferrite can display dynamic recrystallization at high temperatures and low strain rates but not at lower hot working temperatures. The criterion is applied here to common wrought magnesium alloys to argue that conventional dynamic recrystallization is expected under "normal" hot working conditions.

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Huffmaster, Nicholas J., Patricia J. Sollars, Alexsia L. Richards, Gary E. Pickard, and Gregory A. Smith. "Dynamic ubiquitination drives herpesvirus neuroinvasion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 41 (September 25, 2015): 12818–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1512559112.

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Neuroinvasive herpesviruses display a remarkable propensity to enter the nervous system of healthy individuals in the absence of obvious trauma at the site of inoculation. We document a repurposing of cellular ubiquitin during infection to switch the virus between two invasive states. The states act sequentially to defeat consecutive host barriers of the peripheral nervous system and together promote the potent neuroinvasive phenotype. The first state directs virus access to nerve endings in peripheral tissue, whereas the second delivers virus particles within nerve fibers to the neural ganglia. Mutant viruses locked in either state remain competent to overcome the corresponding barrier but fail to invade the nervous system. The herpesvirus “ubiquitin switch” may explain the unusual ability of these viruses to routinely enter the nervous system and, as a consequence, their prevalence in human and veterinary hosts.

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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "Spatial agglomeration and economic development with the inclusion of interregional tourism." Ekonomski anali 62, no. 213 (2017): 93–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/eka1713093z.

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The purpose of this paper is to extend Uzawa?s two-sector model of a national economy to an economy with any number of regions and interregional tourism. The paper studies interregional economic development with interactions between wealth accumulation, economic structure, interregional trade and tourism under assumptions of profit maximization, utility maximization, and perfect competition. The model is unique in interregional neoclassical growth theory in that it introduces endogenous tourism within a general equilibrium framework. The model is built on microeconomic foundations. It not only extends the well-known Solow growth model and the Uzawa two-sector model to a national economy with any number of heterogeneous regional economies, but also introduces tourist flows between regions. We demonstrate that the movement of the J-regional economy can be described by J+1 differential equations. We simulate the movement of a national economy with three regions. We show that the dynamic system has a unique equilibrium. We carry out comparative dynamic analysis with regard to the propensity to tour a region, the cost of travel from one region to another, the total factor productivity of a region?s industrial sector, the total factor productivity of a region?s service sector, the propensity to save, the parameters of a region?s amenity, the propensity to consume housing, and the national population. We demonstrate the dynamic effects of these changes on national GDP, wealth, and tourist patterns.

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Stratton, Natalie, Mariana Mendoza Alvarez, Cathy Labrish, Ryan Barnhart, and Shelley McMain. "Predictors of Dropout From a 20-Week Dialectical Behavior Therapy Skills Group for Suicidal Behaviors and Borderline Personality Disorder." Journal of Personality Disorders 34, no. 2 (April 2020): 216–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pedi_2018_32_391.

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Treatment dropout among individuals with borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with negative psychosocial outcomes. Identifying predictors of dropout among this population is critical to understanding how to improve treatment retention. The present study extends the current literature by examining both static and dynamic predictors of dropout. Chronically suicidal outpatients diagnosed with BPD (N = 42) were randomly assigned to a 20-week dialectical behavior therapy (DBT) skills training group. Static and dynamic predictors were assessed at baseline, 5, 10, 15, 20 weeks, and 3 months post-intervention. A post-hoc two-stage logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict dropout propensity. Receiving disability benefits at baseline and decreases in mindfulness were associated with significantly increased probability of dropout. Clinicians working with chronically self-harming outpatients diagnosed with BPD would benefit from prioritizing clinical interventions that enhance mindfulness in order to decrease dropout propensity.

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Duckworth, Renée A. "Maternal effects and range expansion: a key factor in a dynamic process?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 364, no. 1520 (March 12, 2009): 1075–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2008.0294.

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Species that depend on ephemeral habitat often evolve distinct dispersal strategies in which the propensity to disperse is closely integrated with a suite of morphological, behavioural and physiological traits that influence colonizing ability. These strategies are maintained by natural selection resulting from spatial and temporal variation in resource abundance and are particularly evident during range expansion. Yet the mechanisms that maintain close alignment of such strategies with resource availability, integrate suites of dispersal traits and generate variability in dispersal propensity are rarely known. Breeding females can influence offspring phenotype in response to changes in current environmental conditions, making maternal effects uniquely suited to bridge fluctuations in resource abundance in the maternal generation and variation in offspring dispersal ability. Western bluebirds' ( Sialia mexicana ) dependence on nest cavities—an ephemeral resource—has led to the evolution of two distinct dispersal phenotypes: aggressive males that disperse and non-aggressive males that remain philopatric and cooperate with their relatives. Over the last 40 years, western bluebirds rapidly expanded their geographical range, providing us with an opportunity to test, in newly established populations, the importance of maternal effects for generating variability in dispersal propensity. Here, I show that, under variable resource conditions, breeding females group offspring of different competitive ability in different positions in the egg-laying order and, consequently, produce aggressive males that are more likely to disperse when resources are low and non-aggressive philopatric males when resources are abundant. I then show experimentally that the association between resource availability and sex-specific birth order is robust across populations. Thus, this maternal effect enables close tracking of resource availability and may explain how variation in dispersal is generated in newly colonized populations. More generally, these results suggest that, as a key source of variation in colonizing phenotypes, maternal effects are of crucial importance for understanding the dynamics of range expansion.

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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "A Multi-Country Trade and Tourism with Endogenous Capital and Knowledge." Business Systems Research Journal 8, no. 1 (March 28, 2017): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bsrj-2017-0007.

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AbstractBackground: The study models a dynamic interaction among economic growth, structural change, knowledge accumulation, international trade and tourist flows. Objective: The purpose of this study is to introduce endogenous knowledge into a multi-country growth model with trade and tourism proposed by Zhang. The study models a dynamic interaction among economic growth, structural change, knowledge accumulation, international trade and tourist flows. Methods/Approach: The model is based on Arrow’s learning by doing, the Solow one-sector growth model, the Oniki-Uzawa neoclassical trade model, and the Uzawa two-sector growth model. We first build the multi-country neoclassical growth model of endogenous knowledge with international tourism. Then we show that we can follow the motion of the J - country world economy with J + 1 differential equations. Results: We simulate the motion of the three-country global economy. We carry out a comparative dynamic analysis by simulation with regard to the knowledge utilization efficiency, the efficiency of learning by doing, the propensity to save, the propensity to tour other countries, and the population. Conclusions: The global economy has a unique equilibrium.

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Epaphrodite, Befio Paulin. "GROWTH AND POLITICAL INSTABILITY: A THEORETICAL APPROACH WITH MACRO-DYNAMIC SIMULATION." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 4 (April 30, 2020): 181–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i4.2020.1.

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This work is tending to use theoretical model (economic dynamic model), trying to explain the effect that Political Instability can have on the economic growth. Political instability is considered by economists as a serious issue, detrimental to economic performance. While talking about political unrest, we then think about African countries. Political instability in African countries can therefore be caused by internal and external factors. Coming from a country (Central African Republic) that suffers a lot from Political Instability, this analysis will help to contribute to the stability in my country and in all countries around the world. This work shows the leverage of Political Instability the rate of change in the capital stock per unit of effective labor which is the discrepancy between the actual investment per unit of effective labor ( and the break-even investment , used to keep the capital stock stable. By including the propensity of government change , the result leads to a fall of capital change rate with a subsequent negative effect on the economic growth. This because with a high propensity of government change (c* > 0), the investment incentive will fade leading to a downward tendency of actual investment.

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Kang, Jaeyoung. "Dynamic instability of a spherical joint under various contact areas." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 229, no. 1 (April 17, 2014): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406214532077.

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The contact area and the negative friction velocity slope on dynamic instability of spherical joint are theoretically investigated. The contact area may be influenced by the various loading and design conditions between a ball and socket. The non-conformal contact is adopted for the static and dynamic derivations. This contact geometry is selected as the major design parameter in this study. The numerical results reveal that the smaller contact area produces the higher propensity of modal instability.

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Galbiati, Roberto, Emeric Henry, and Nicolas Jacquemet. "Dynamic effects of enforcement on cooperation." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 49 (November 19, 2018): 12425–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1813502115.

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In situations where social payoffs are not aligned with private incentives, enforcement with fines can be a way to sustain cooperation. In this paper we show, by the means of a laboratory experiment, that past fines can have an effect on current behavior even when no longer in force. We document two mechanisms: (i) Past fines affect directly individuals’ future propensity to cooperate, and (ii) when fines for noncooperation are in place in the past, individuals experience higher levels of cooperation from partners and, consistent with indirect reciprocity motives, are in turn nicer toward others once these fines have been removed. This second mechanism is empirically prevalent and, in contrast with the first one, induces a snowball effect of past enforcement. Our results can inform the design of costly enforcement policies.

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Liu, Jian, and Sukwon Kim. "Effect of walking surface perturbation training on slip propensity and local dynamic stability." Work 41 (2012): 3352–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/wor-2012-0605-3352.

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Fujiwara, Satoru, Fumiaki Kono, Tatsuhito Matsuo, Yasunobu Sugimoto, Tomoharu Matsumoto, Akihiro Narita, and Kaoru Shibata. "Dynamic Properties of Human α-Synuclein Related to Propensity to Amyloid Fibril Formation." Journal of Molecular Biology 431, no. 17 (August 2019): 3229–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmb.2019.05.047.

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Zhang, Jinglei, Xiaoyuan Wang, Xuegang (Jeff) Ban, and Kai Cao. "Prediction Method of Driver's Propensity Adapted to Driver's Dynamic Feature Extraction of Affection." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 5 (January 2013): 658103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/658103.

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Wickens, A. H. "The dynamics of railway vehicles—from Stephenson to Carter." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part F: Journal of Rail and Rapid Transit 212, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 209–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954409981530805.

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The special feature of the dynamics of railway vehicles, i.e. the propensity to oscillation in the lateral plane, arises from the use of the wheelset with its solid axle and coned wheels. This paper traces the early history of the wheelset and how it was incorporated in the design of locomotives and rolling stock and discusses the ensuing dynamic problems. The development of ideas about stability and steering in curves is then considered up to the time of Carter, who in 1916 can be said to have been the first to formulate essentially correct equations of motion and solve them.

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Cheng, Mariah Mantsun. "Becoming Self-Employed: The Case of Japanese Men." Sociological Perspectives 40, no. 4 (December 1997): 581–600. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1389464.

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From a dynamic, life course perspective, this study examines the determinants of nonfarm self-employment for Japanese men from around the 1930s to 1975. Using work histories in a national mobility survey, the author studied the propensity of becoming self-employed at labor force entry and in later career. Results suggest that (a) father's self-employment is important; but (b) family-employed status does not enhance one's chances; and (c) historical, economic conditions affect propensity significantly at the moment of labor force entrance. Tiny-firm workers are more likely to move into self-employment. Industrial sector and employment duration also affect one's taking nonfarm self-employment as a career option.

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Kang, Jaeyoung. "Squeal propensity due to rigid modes of brake pad." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 228, no. 12 (December 2, 2013): 2100–2109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406213515200.

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This paper examines the squeal propensity associated with the rigid motion of a brake pad. For the description of the rigid motion, the brake pad is analytically modeled as a composite annular sector plate with both the back plate and friction material rigid. The friction material is subject to friction contact with a rotating disc. The vibration modes of the rigid pad consist of the six rigid modes including three rotation and three translation modes coupled with contact stiffness. The analytical formulation for the dynamic motion of the composite rigid pad is presented. From the numerical calculation, the rigid pad modes are shown to be coupled with one another and thus generate the modal instability in both finite element full model and simplified pad model. It is suggested that the squeal propensity of the rigid pad modes can be estimated by using the simplified pad model and controlled by the certain design modification such as the contact area.

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46

Heard, D. H., and B. Lake. "The Attachment Dynamic in Adult Life." British Journal of Psychiatry 149, no. 4 (October 1986): 430–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.149.4.430.

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A case is presented for regarding the Attachment Dynamic as a theoretical model for hypotheses on the aetiology and management of neuroses and personality disorders. It is proposed that man has a number of natural propensities, including: (1) attaining “companionable interactions' with peers, in which competence is affirmed, self-esteem enhanced, and a state of well-being (”assuagement’) is promoted. (2) when hindered in the pursuit of interests and companionable interaction, an urge to seek support through proximity to, and often “supportive interaction’ with support-givers. (3) severe psychological distress (”disassuagement’) when support-givers cannot be induced to act effectively, with a propensity to devise defensive strategies, supplemented by psychological defence mechanisms; when maladaptive, these strategies are the source of neurotic symptoms and antisocial traits. Through these propensities, movement between companionable interaction and effective support sustains the urge to develop skills and explore interests creatively. However, this movement is hindered by the experience of repeated disassuagement and the need to maintain maladaptive defensive strategies.

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Zhang, Wei-Bin. "Gender Discrimination, Education and Economic Growth in a Generalized Uzawa-Lucas Two-Sector Model." Timisoara Journal of Economics and Business 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/tjeb-2014-0001.

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Abstract This paper is mainly concerned with relationships between economic growth and gender discrimination in labor markets and education. Although discrimination in different fields has well been addresses and modelled in the economic literature, there are only a few growth models with endogenous wealth and human capital accumulation, gender time distribution between work, leisure and education under gender (positive or negative) discrimination. The production and economic structures, human capital accumulation are based on the Uzawa-Lucas model, while the utility function and gender division of labor, leisure time and study time are based on the model by Zhang. The model takes account of learning by education in modeling human capital accumulation. We simulate the model to demonstrate the existence of equilibrium points and motion of the national economy. We also conduct a comparative dynamic analysis in regard to changes in discrimination in the education sector, women’s propensity to stay at home, women’s propensity to receive education, women’s knowledge utilization efficiency, and the propensity to save.

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Hambrey, Michael J., and Julian A. Dowdeswell. "Flow regime of the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system, Antarctica: structural evidence from Landsat imagery." Annals of Glaciology 20 (1994): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/1994aog20-1-401-406.

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High-resolution visible and near-infrared satellite imagery provides a means of investigating the structural glaciology, and in turn the dynamics, of large ice masses. The Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system is one of the largest ice drainage basins in Antarctica and has previously yielded conflicting evidence concerning its dynamic behaviour: either that the system has a propensity for surging or that it has a constant flow regime. Digital manipulation of Landsat imagery allows analysis of the structure of the glacier system, showing longitudinal foliation, medial moraines and crevasse patterns that provide no evidence of surging behavior during the residence time of ice in the glacier system.

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Hambrey, Michael J., and Julian A. Dowdeswell. "Flow regime of the Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system, Antarctica: structural evidence from Landsat imagery." Annals of Glaciology 20 (1994): 401–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0260305500016761.

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High-resolution visible and near-infrared satellite imagery provides a means of investigating the structural glaciology, and in turn the dynamics, of large ice masses. The Lambert Glacier-Amery Ice Shelf system is one of the largest ice drainage basins in Antarctica and has previously yielded conflicting evidence concerning its dynamic behaviour: either that the system has a propensity for surging or that it has a constant flow regime. Digital manipulation of Landsat imagery allows analysis of the structure of the glacier system, showing longitudinal foliation, medial moraines and crevasse patterns that provide no evidence of surging behavior during the residence time of ice in the glacier system.

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Jang, Geunhyuk, Seonho Shin, Ilia A. Guzei, Sooyong Jung, Moon-Gun Choi, and Soo Hyuk Choi. "Crystal Packing-induced Dimorphism of 12/10-Helical β-Peptides with Dynamic Folding Propensity." Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society 39, no. 2 (January 17, 2018): 265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bkcs.11374.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dynamic propensity'

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