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1
Tian, Bian, Yulong Zhao, Zhe Niu, and Jiang Zhuangde. "Micro-pressure sensor dynamic performance analysis." Sensor Review 34, no. 4 (August 26, 2014): 367–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-11-2013-748.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to report on a piezoresistive pressure sensor for micro-pressure measurement with a cross-beam membrane (CBM) structure. This study analyzes the dynamic characteristics of the proposed device. Design/methodology/approach – This CBM sensor possesses high stiffness and sensitivity, measuring dynamic pressure more effectively in a high-frequency environment compared with other piezoresistive structures. The dynamic characteristics are derived using the finite element method to analyze the dynamic responses of the new structure, including natural frequency and lateral effect performances. The CBM dynamic performances are compared with traditional structures. Findings – The pressure sensor performance was evaluated, and the experimental results indicate that they all exhibit similar dynamic characteristics as the designed model. Compared with traditional structures such as the single island, the CBM proves to be superior in evaluating the dynamic performances of pressure sensors at high frequencies of > 30 kHz. Originality/value – Most studies of this micro pressure sensors attempt to promote the sensitivity or focus on the static performance of pressure sensor with micro gauge. This study is concerned with analyze the dynamic characterism of micro pressure sensor and compared with the traditional structures, that prove the CBM structure has stable dynamic performance and is a better option for measuring dynamic micro pressure in biomedical applications.
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Tsung, Tsing Tshih, Lee Long Han, Liang Chia Chen, and Ho Chang. "Performance Characterization of Pressure Sensors Using an Improved Pressure Square Wave Generator." Key Engineering Materials 295-296 (October 2005): 533–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.295-296.533.
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The purpose of this paper is to analyze and compare the dynamic characteristics of various structure pressure sensors using the Improved Pressure Square Wave Generator (IPSWG). The developed IPSWG is a signal generator that creates pressure square waves as an excitation source. The dynamic characteristics of pressure sensor in hydraulic systems can be measured and evaluated effectively due to the high excitation energy. The method is also useful for dynamic testing and characterization for a high frequency range, which cannot be performed by the traditional methods, such as the hammer kit excitation, sweeping frequency pressure wave, and random frequency wave. Result shows that piezoelectric sensors (quartz) have a largest gain margin and overshoot. The strain gauge sensor has a smaller gain margin and overshoot. The piezoelectric sensor is more suitable for measuring dynamic pressure.
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Okojie, Robert S., Roger D. Meredith, Clarence T. Chang, and Ender Savrun. "High Temperature Dynamic Pressure Measurements Using Silicon Carbide Pressure Sensors." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, HITEC (January 1, 2014): 000047–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-ta25.
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Un-cooled, MEMS-based silicon carbide (SiC) static pressure sensors were used for the first time to measure pressure perturbations at temperatures as high as 600 °C during laboratory characterization, and subsequently evaluated in a combustor rig operated under various engine conditions to extract the frequencies that are associated with thermoacoustic instabilities. One SiC sensor was placed directly in the flow stream of the combustor rig while a benchmark commercial water-cooled piezoceramic dynamic pressure transducer was co-located axially but kept some distance away from the hot flow stream. In the combustor rig test, the SiC sensor detected thermoacoustic instabilities across a range of engine operating conditions, amplitude magnitude as low as 0.5 psi at 585 °C, in good agreement with the benchmark piezoceramic sensor. The SiC sensor experienced low signal to noise ratio at higher temperature, primarily due to the fact that it was a static sensor with low sensitivity.
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Gao, Rui, Wenjun Zhang, Junmin Jing, Zhiwei Liao, Zhou Zhao, Bin Yao, Huiyu Zhang, et al. "Design, Fabrication, and Dynamic Environmental Test of a Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor." Micromachines 13, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 1142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13071142.
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Microelectromechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensors have a wide range of applications based on the advantages of mature technology and easy integration. Among them, piezoresistive sensors have attracted great attention with the advantage of simple back-end processing circuits. However, less research has been reported on the performance of piezoresistive pressure sensors in dynamic environments, especially considering the vibrations and shocks frequently encountered during the application of the sensors. To address these issues, this paper proposes a design method for a MEMS piezoresistive pressure sensor, and the fabricated sensor is evaluated in a series of systematic dynamic environmental adaptability tests. After testing, the output sensitivity of the sensor chip was 9.21 mV∙bar−1, while the nonlinearity was 0.069% FSS. The sensor overreacts to rapidly changing pressure environments and can withstand acceleration shocks of up to 20× g. In addition, the sensor is capable of providing normal output over the vibration frequency range of 0–5000 Hz with a temperature coefficient sensitivity of −0.30% FSS °C−1 over the temperature range of 0–80 °C. Our proposed sensor can play a key role in applications with wide pressure ranges, high-frequency vibrations, and high acceleration shocks, as well as guide MEMS-based pressure sensors in high pressure ranges and complex environmental adaptability in their design.
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Cai, Sikang, Guicong Wang, Yingjun Li, and Xiaoqi Yang. "Research on material selection of force-sensitive element for high-frequency dynamic piezoelectric pressure sensor." MATEC Web of Conferences 355 (2022): 01026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235501026.
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The high-frequency dynamic piezoelectric pressure sensor has the advantages of simple structure, long service life, high natural frequency, excellent signal-to-noise ratio and great sensitivity. It is appropriate for measuring high dynamic, dynamic or quasi-static pressure changes and pressure fluctuations. And this kind of sensor is widely utilized in the shock wave testing. The force-sensitive element is one of the main factors affecting the static and dynamic performance of piezoelectric pressure sensors. Basing on the piezoelectric equation and coupling effect between mechanics and electricity, in this paper, the finite element model of the high-frequency dynamic piezoelectric pressure sensor is established. The influences of the force-sensing element on the sensitivity of the sensor are analysed. Referential suggestions for choosing force-sensitive element of high-frequency dynamic piezoelectric pressure sensor are provided.
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Geng, Xingguang, Su Liu, Yitao Zhang, Shaolong Zhang, Jiena Hou, Jun Zhang, Muhammad Asif, and Hai-Ying Zhang. "Adjacent Channel Interference Modeling of Single Vibration Point on Multichannel Dynamic Pressure Sensors." Journal of Sensors 2020 (February 12, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1953506.
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Pulse waves of a radial artery under different pressures applied through a cuff play an important role in disease diagnosis, especially in traditional chinese medicine (TCM). Pulse waves could be collected by a pressure sensor array affixed to an inflatable cuff. During a process of collecting pulse waves, one sensor of a sensor array moves up and down when the sensor is shocked by a pulse wave. Movement of the sensor leads to the passive displacement of other nearby sensors because of a connecting structure between them. Then, vibration signals will be generated by the nearby sensors although these sensors do not receive radial artery pulse waves. These vibration signals considered an interference are usually superimposed on real signals obtained from these nearby sensors and degrade signal quality. The problem mentioned above does not only generally exist in a pressure sensor array attached to a wristband but also is easy to ignore. This paper proposes a novel interference suppression algorithm based on Welch’s method for estimating and weakening adjacent sensor channel interference to overcome the problem. At first, a sensor array attached to an inflatable cuff and a vibration generator is proposed to establish an experimental platform for simplifying the pulse wave collection process. Then, the interference suppression algorithm is proposed according to mechanical analysis and Welch’s method based on the proposed sensor array and vibration generator. Next anti-interference abilities of the algorithm based on a simplified process are evaluated by different vibration frequencies and applied pressures. The anti-interference abilities of the algorithm based on pulse waves of the radial artery are evaluated indirectly. The results show that the novel interference suppression algorithm could weaken adjacent sensor channel interference and upgrade the signal quality.
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Szczerba, Zygmunt, Piotr Szczerba, Kamil Szczerba, and Krzysztof Pytel. "Acceleration-Insensitive Pressure Sensor for Aerodynamic Analysis." Energies 16, no. 7 (March 27, 2023): 3040. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16073040.
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This paper presents a method for preparing a pressure sensor that is insensitive to acceleration along with experimental evidence of its efficacy in aerodynamic analysis. A literature review and preliminary studies revealed the undesirable effect of acceleration on sensors that are located on moving elements, as evidenced by deviations from actual pressure values for piezoresistive pressure sensors that are made using MEMS technology. To address this, the authors developed a double-membrane sensor geometry that eliminated this imperfection; a method of implementing two solo pressure sensors as a new geometry-designed sensor was also proposed. Experimental tests of this suggested solution were conducted; these measurements are presented here. The results indicated that this new sensor concept could be used to measure the dynamic pressures of rotating and moving objects in order to obtain measurement results that are more reliable and closer to the true values that are derived from aerodynamic analyses. The published results confirm the reliability of the proposed device.
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Zhang, Jun Xiang, Kun Shan Ge, Zhan Bao Gao, and Shao Peng Dong. "Online Dynamic Compensation of Pressure Sensor." Applied Mechanics and Materials 775 (July 2015): 420–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.775.420.
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An online dynamic compensation of the pressure sensor based on simultaneous identification method of model order and parameter is proposed to identify the model of pressure sensor and set digital compensation links for the pressure sensor. While simulating, the compensation links can broaden the frequency band and improve the dynamic process of the pressure sensor. This article describes the realization of the digital dynamic compensation with DSP processor and the process of the experimental verification. The results show that the simultaneous identification method can be used in determination of model and digital compensation links for pressure sensor effectively. And DSP measurement device can complete online dynamic compensation effectively.
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Svete, Andrej, Francisco Javier Hernández Castro, and Jože Kutin. "Effect of the Dynamic Response of a Side-Wall Pressure Measurement System on Determining the Pressure Step Signal in a Shock Tube Using a Time-of-Flight Method." Sensors 22, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 2103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22062103.
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Technological progress demands accurate measurements of rapidly changing pressures. This, in turn, requires the use of dynamically calibrated pressure meters. The shock tube enables the dynamic characterization by applying an almost ideal pressure step change to the pressure sensor under calibration. This paper evaluates the effect of the dynamic response of a side-wall pressure measurement system on the detection of shock wave passage times over the side-wall pressure sensors installed along the shock tube. Furthermore, it evaluates this effect on the reference pressure step signal determined at the end-wall of the driven section using a time-of-flight method. To determine the errors in the detection of the shock front passage times over the centers of the side-wall sensors, a physical model for simulating the dynamic response of the complete measurement chain to the passage of the shock wave was developed. Due to the fact that the use of the physical model requires information about the effective diameter of the pressure sensor, special attention was paid to determining the effective diameter of the side-wall pressure sensors installed along the shock tube. The results show that the relative systematic errors in the pressure step amplitude at the end-wall of the shock tube due to the errors in the detection of the shock front passage times over the side-wall pressure sensors are less than 0.0003%. On the other hand, the systematic errors in the phase lag of the end-wall pressure signal in the calibration frequency range appropriate for high-frequency dynamic pressure applications are up to a few tens of degrees. Since the target phase measurement uncertainty of the pressure sensors used in high-frequency dynamic pressure applications is only a few degrees, the corrections for the systematic errors in the detection of the shock front passage times over the side-wall pressure sensors with the use of the developed physical dynamic model are, therefore, necessary when performing dynamic calibrations of pressure sensors with a shock tube.
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Gobi, K., B. Kannapiran, D. Devaraj, and K. Valarmathi. "Design, performance evaluation and analysis of the inlet tube of pressure sensor for chamber pressure measurement." Sensor Review 39, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 612–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-12-2017-0260.
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Purpose In Aerospace applications, the inlet tubes are used to mount strain gauge type pressure sensors on the engine under static test to measure engine chamber pressure. This paper aims to focus on the limitations of the inlet tube and its design aspects to serve better in the static test environment. The different sizes of the inlet tubes are designed to meet the static test and safety requirements. This paper presents the performance evaluation of the designed inlet tubes with calibration results and the selection criteria of the inlet tube to measure combustion chamber pressure with the specified accuracy during static testing of engines. Design/methodology/approach Two sensors, specifically, one cavity type pressure sensor with the inlet tube of range 0-6.89 MPa having natural frequency of the diaphragm 17 KHz and another flush diaphragm type pressure sensor of the same range having −3 dB frequency response, 5 KHz are mounted on the same pressure port of the engine under static test to study the shortcomings of the inlet tube. The limitations of the inlet tube have been analyzed to aid the tube design. The different sizes of inlet tubes are designed, fabricated and tested to study the effect of the inlet tube on the performance of the pressure sensor. The dynamic calibration is used for this purpose. The dynamic parameters of the sensor with the designed tubes are calculated and analyzed to meet the static test requirements. The diaphragm temperature test is conducted on the representative hardware of pressure sensor with and without inlet tube to analyze the effect of the inlet tube against the temperature error. The inlet tube design is validated through the static test to gain confidence on measurement. Findings The cavity type pressure sensor failed to capture the pressure peak, whereas the flush diaphragm type pressure sensor captured the pressure peak of the engine under a static test. From the static test data and dynamic calibration results, the bandwidth of cavity type sensor with tube is much lower than the required bandwidth (five times the bandwidth of the measurand), and hence, the cavity type sensor did not capture the pressure peak data. The dynamic calibration results of the pressure sensor with and without an inlet tube show that the reduction of the bandwidth of the pressure sensor is mainly due to the inlet tube. From the analysis of dynamic calibration results of the sensor with the designed inlet tubes of different sizes, it is shown that the bandwidth of the pressure sensor decreases as the tube length increases. The bandwidth of the pressure sensor with tube increases as the tube inner diameter increases. The tube with a larger diameter leads to a mounting problem. The inlet tube of dimensions 6 × 4 × 50 mm is selected as it helps to overcome the mounting problem with the required bandwidth. From the static test data acquired using the pressure sensor with the selected inlet tube, it is shown that the selected tube aids the sensor to measure the pressure peak accurately. The designed inlet tube limits the diaphragm temperature within the compensated temperature of the sensor for 5.2 s from the firing of the engine. Originality/value Most studies of pressure sensor focus on the design of a sensor to measure static and slow varying pressure, but not on the transient pressure measurement and the design of the inlet tube. This paper presents the limitations of the inlet tube against the bandwidth requirement and recommends dynamic calibration of the sensor to evaluate the bandwidth of the sensor with the inlet tube. In this paper, the design aspects of the inlet tube and its effect on the bandwidth of the pressure sensor and the temperature error of the measured pressure values are presented with experimental results. The calibration results of the inlet tubes with different configurations are analyzed to select the best geometry of the tube and the selected tube is validated in the static test environment.
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Xiao, Fan, Shunyu Jin, Wan Zhang, Yingxin Zhang, Hang Zhou, and Yuan Huang. "Wearable Pressure Sensor Using Porous Natural Polymer Hydrogel Elastomers with High Sensitivity over a Wide Sensing Range." Polymers 15, no. 12 (June 19, 2023): 2736. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122736.
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Wearable pressure sensors capable of quantifying full-range human dynamic motionare are pivotal in wearable electronics and human activity monitoring. Since wearable pressure sensors directly or indirectly contact skin, selecting flexible soft and skin-friendly materials is important. Wearable pressure sensors with natural polymer-based hydrogels are extensively explored to enable safe contact with skin. Despite recent advances, most natural polymer-based hydrogel sensors suffer from low sensitivity at high-pressure ranges. Here, by using commercially available rosin particles as sacrificial templates, a cost-effective wide-range porous locust bean gum-based hydrogel pressure sensor is constructed. Due to the three-dimensional macroporous structure of the hydrogel, the constructed sensor exhibits high sensitivities (12.7, 5.0, and 3.2 kPa−1 under 0.1–20, 20–50, and 50–100 kPa) under a wide range of pressure. The sensor also offers a fast response time (263 ms) and good durability over 500 loading/unloading cycles. In addition, the sensor is successfully applied for monitoring human dynamic motion. This work provides a low-cost and easy fabrication strategy for fabricating high-performance natural polymer-based hydrogel piezoresistive sensors with a wide response range and high sensitivity.
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Tan, Qiu Lin, Xian Sheng Zhang, Li Qiong Ding, and Zhao Ying Zhou. "Design of Water Pressure Sensor Applied to the Eye Aqueous Humor Detection." Key Engineering Materials 609-610 (April 2014): 1023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.609-610.1023.
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Aimed at the dynamic pressure measurement, this paper presents a pressure sensor based on MEMS technology. An absolute pressure sensor is in one silicon chip of which the size is 3.05mm×3.05mm with the diaphragm thickness of 890μm. We combine Piezoresistive Bridge with signal conditioning chip, and design a gain adjustable, high sensitivity dynamic pressure sensors. By changing the depth of the sensor in water, the resulting change in the resistor signal is then used to calculate the depth of the water. The experimental results show that the measuring accuracy can reach 2×10-4V per 1mm (water depth). The design of the hardware circuit was simple, flexible configuration, versatile features. It was found that the pressure sensor bad a linear response to pressure as expected, and was more sensitive than conventional resistor sensor. Sensor, small size, high sensitivity, will be providing a better way to measure eye aqueous humor.
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Chang, Ho, Mu Jung Kao, Tsing Tshih Tsung, and J. L. Wu. "An Innovative Technology for Measuring The Dynamic Characteristics of Pressure Sensors." Materials Science Forum 505-507 (January 2006): 1057–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.505-507.1057.
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This study developed a square-like pressure wave generator as an excitation source to test dynamic characteristics of pressure sensors. The developed generator can generate a square-like pressure wave of as high as 2 kHz and can achieve high-frequency switching by utilizing the differential principle through a series of mechanical rotations between the revolving spindle and revolving ring. The square-like pressure wave generated is input into the hydraulic system while the output voltage signals given by the pressure sensor can be analyzed by spectrum analysis to obtain dynamic characteristics of the pressure sensor
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Pfützner, Andreas, Barbora Tencer, Boris Stamm, Mandar Mehta, Preeti Sharma, Rustam Gilyazev, Hendrick Jensch, Nicole Thomé, and Michael Huth. "Miniaturization of an Osmotic Pressure-Based Glucose Sensor for Continuous Intraperitoneal and Subcutaneous Glucose Monitoring by Means of Nanotechnology." Sensors 23, no. 9 (May 7, 2023): 4541. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23094541.
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The Sencell sensor uses glucose-induced changes in an osmotic pressure chamber for continuous glucose measurement. A final device shall have the size of a grain of rice. The size limiting factor is the piezo-resistive pressure transducers inside the core sensor technology (resulting chamber volume: 70 µL. To achieve the necessary miniaturization, these pressure transducers were replaced by small (4000 × 400 × 150 nm³) nano-granular tunneling resistive (NTR) pressure sensors (chamber volume: 750 nL). For benchmark testing, we filled the miniaturized chamber with bovine serum albumin (BSA, 1 mM) and exposed it repeatedly to distilled water followed by 1 mM BSA solution. Thereafter, we manufactured sensors with glucose testing chemistry (ConcanavalinA/dextran) and investigated sensor performance with dynamic glucose changes between 0 and 300 mg/dL. Evaluation of the miniaturized sensors resulted in reliable pressure changes, both in the BSA benchmark experiment (30–35 mBar) and in the dynamic in vitro continuous glucose test (40–50 mBar). These pressure results were comparable to similar experiments with the previous larger in vitro sensors (30–50 mBar). In conclusion, the NTR pressure sensor technology was successfully employed to reduce the size of the core osmotic pressure chamber by more than 95% without loss in the osmotic pressure signal.
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Liu, Geng Ran, Xing Gao Zhang, and Xin Zhao. "Study on Calibration Method for Explosion Pressure Test System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 602-605 (August 2014): 1928–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.602-605.1928.
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The segment sensitivity for various pressure sensors is obtained by implementing the static and dynamic calibrations for three types of pressure sensors, i.e., CY-YD-202, CY-YD-205 and CY-YD-203T, and the average absolute value of relative errors for sensors is obtained by measuring the dynamic high-frequency signal, which provides the basis for correct selection of pressure sensor during the test.
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Phillippi, R. M., and T. M. Drzewiecki. "Elimination of Drift and Asymmetry Effects in Fluidic Sensors by Feedback." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 107, no. 1 (March 1, 1985): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3140712.
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This paper presents a feedback approach to the design of fluidic sensor circuits that will minimize drift and other unwanted offset effects, that are due to component asymmetries, and at the same time will improve the overall sensor frequency response. In this approach sensor supply pressure is generated by one output of a high gain differential regulator amplifier rather than by the raw system supply pressure. As a result, variations in system pressure, that normally would appear as sensor output drift (time varying null offset), are decoupled from the sensor. The amount of effort required to keep the sensor nulled becomes the sensor system output. When this feedback is implemented the overall dynamic response can be improved by a reduction in the fundamental circuit time constant, that is governed by the sensor dynamics, by introducing phase lead and so reducing the low frequency phase shift. Since the error signal driving the high gain regulator is proportional to the degree of sensor asymmetry, output performance of the feedback system is actually enhanced by having significant null offset characteristics. The offsets generally found in photochemically etched amplifiers and laminar jet angular rate sensors are shown to be reduced by two orders of magnitude and frequency response improved by as much as a factor of five. This technique has been applied to rate sensors, resistance bridges, pressure regulators, and airspeed sensors.
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Samridhi, Manish Kumar, Sachin Dhariwal, Kulwant Singh, and P. A. Alvi. "Stress and frequency analysis of silicon diaphragm of MEMS based piezoresistive pressure sensor." International Journal of Modern Physics B 33, no. 07 (March 20, 2019): 1950040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979219500401.
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This paper reports the stress and frequency analysis of dynamic silicon diaphragm during the simulation of micro-electro-mechanical-systems (MEMS) based piezoresistive pressure sensor with the help of finite element method (FEM) within the frame work of COMSOL software. Vibrational modes of rectangular diaphragm of piezoresistive pressure sensor have been determined at different frequencies for different pressure ranges. Optimal frequency range for particular applications for any diaphragm is a very important so that MEMS sensors performance should not degrade during the dynamic environment. Therefore, for the MEMS pressure sensor having applications in dynamic environment, the diaphragm frequency of 280 KHz has been optimized for the diaphragm thickness of 50 [Formula: see text]m and hence this frequency can be considered for showing the better piezoresistive effect and high sensitivity. Moreover, the designed pressure sensor shows the high linearity and enhanced sensitivity of the order of ([Formula: see text]0.5066 mV/psi).
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Zahid, Muhammad Zubair, Shahid Ikramullah Butt, Tauqeer Iqbal, Syed Zohaib Ejaz, and Zhang Faping. "Nonlinear Material Behavior Analysis under High Compression Pressure in Dynamic Conditions." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2017 (2017): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3616932.
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Gun chamber pressure is an important parameter in proofing of ammunition to ensure safety and reliability. It can be measured using copper crushers or piezoelectric sensor. Pressure calculations in copper crusher method are based on linear plastic deformation of copper after firing. However, crusher pressure deformation at high pressures deviates from the corresponding values measured by piezoelectric pressure transducers due to strain rate dependence of copper. The nonlinear deformation rate of copper at high pressure measurements causes actual readings from copper crusher gauge to deviate from true pressure values. Comparative analysis of gun chamber pressure was conducted for 7.62 × 51 mm ammunition using Electronic Pressure, Velocity, and Action Time (EPVAT) system with piezoelectric pressure transducers and conventional crusher gauge. Ammunitions of two different brands were used to measure chamber pressure, namely, NATO standard ammunition and non-NATO standard ammunition. The deformation of copper crushers has also been simulated to compare its deformation with real time firing. The results indicate erratic behavior for chamber pressure by copper crusher as per standard deviation and relative spread and thus prove piezo sensor as more reliable and consistent mode of peak pressure measurement. The results from simulation, cost benefit analysis, and accuracy clearly provide piezo sensors with an edge over conventional, inaccurate, and costly method of copper crusher for ballistic measurements due to its nonlinear behavior.
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MURAKAMI, Tetsuhiko, Atsuji MASUDA, Toshinori SASAJI, Yoshiyuki IEMOTO, Hideyuki UEMATSU, and Shuichi TANOUE. "Dynamic Compression Durability of Textile Pressure Sensor." Journal of Textile Engineering 62, no. 5 (2016): 117–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4188/jte.62.117.
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Xu, Bo, Tailin Han, Hong Liu, Xiao Wang, and Mingchi Ju. "Dynamic Compensation of Piezoresistive Pressure Sensor Based on Sparse Domain." Journal of Sensors 2020 (October 21, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8890028.
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In the process of transient test, due to the insufficient bandwidth of the pressure sensor, the test data is inaccurate. Firstly, based on the projection of the shock tube test signal in the sparse domain, the feature expression of the signal sample is obtained. Secondly, the problem of insufficient bandwidth is solved by inverse modeling of sensor dynamic compensation system based on swarm intelligence algorithm. In this paper, the method is used to compensate the shock tube test signals of the 85XX series pressure sensors made by the Endevco company of the United States, the working bandwidth of the sensor is widened obviously, the rise time of the pressure signal can be compensated to 12.5 μs, and the overshoot can be reduced to 8.96%. The repeatability of dynamic compensation is verified for the actual gun muzzle shock wave test data, the results show that the dynamic compensation can effectively recover the important indexes such as overpressure peak value and positive pressure action time, and the original shock wave signal is recovered from the high resonance data.
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Lao, Steven, Hamza Edher, Utkarsh Saini, Jeffrey Sixt, and Armaghan Salehian. "A Novel Capacitance-Based In-Situ Pressure Sensor for Wearable Compression Garments." Micromachines 10, no. 11 (October 31, 2019): 743. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10110743.
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This paper pertains to the development & evaluation of a dielectric electroactive polymer-based tactile pressure sensor and its circuitry. The evaluations conceived target the sensor’s use case as an in-situ measurement device assessing load conditions imposed by compression garments in either static form or dynamic pulsations. Several testing protocols are described to evaluate and characterize the sensor’s effectiveness for static and dynamic response such as repeatability, linearity, dynamic effectiveness, hysteresis effects of the sensor under static conditions, sensitivity to measurement surface curvature and temperature and humidity effects. Compared to pneumatic sensors in similar physiological applications, this sensor presents several significant advantages including better spatial resolution, compact packaging, manufacturability for smaller footprints and overall simplicity for use in array configurations. The sampling rates and sensitivity are also less prone to variability compared to pneumatic pressure sensors. The presented sensor has a high sampling rate of 285 Hz that can further assist with the physiological applications targeted for improved cardiac performance. An average error of ± 5.0 mmHg with a frequency of 1–2 Hz over a range of 0 to 120 mmHg was achieved when tested cyclically.
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Kutin, J., and A. Svete. "Connecting volume effects on dynamics of pneumatic pressure measurement systems." ACTA IMEKO 9, no. 5 (December 31, 2020): 315. http://dx.doi.org/10.21014/acta_imeko.v9i5.991.
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The pressure sensors are often placed at a certain distance from the measured object. Beside the properties of the transmission fluid, dynamic characteristics of such a measurement system depends on the geometry and dimensions of the connecting elements. So far made research works have shown that the internal volume of the pressure sensor can have a large influence on the dynamic response. This paper is focused on theoretical analysis of the effects of the sensor volume on characteristic parameters of both the frequency and the time response of the system under discussion with a gas medium.
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Su, Xingjie, Chunli Luo, Weiguo Yan, Junyi Jiao, and Dongzhou Zhong. "Microdome-Tunable Graphene/Carbon Nanotubes Pressure Sensors Based on Polystyrene Array for Wearable Electronics." Materials 14, no. 23 (December 2, 2021): 7385. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14237385.
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Resistive pressure sensors are appealing due to having several advantages, such as simple reading mechanisms, simple construction, and quick dynamic response. Achieving a constantly changeable microstructure of sensing materials is critical for the flexible pressure sensor and remains a difficulty. Herein, a flexible, tunable resistive pressure sensors is developed via simple, low-cost microsphere self-assembly and graphene/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) solution drop coating. The sensor uses polystyrene (PS) microspheres to construct an interlocked dome microstructure with graphene/CNTs as a conductive filler. The results indicate that the interlocked microdome-type pressure sensor has better sensitivity than the single microdome-type and single planar-type without surface microstructure. The pressure sensor’s sensitivity can be adjusted by varying the diameter of PS microspheres. In addition, the resistance of the sensor is also tunable by adjusting the number of graphene/CNT conductive coating layers. The developed flexible pressure sensor effectively detected human finger bending, demonstrating tremendous potential in human motion monitoring.
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Pieniążek, Jacek, Piotr Cieciński, Daniel Ficek, and Marek Szumski. "Dynamic Response of the Pitot Tube with Pressure Sensor." Sensors 23, no. 5 (March 6, 2023): 2843. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23052843.
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This paper presents an attempt to determine the dynamic properties of a measuring system based on total pressure measurement with the use of a Pitot tube and a semiconductor pressure transducer. The presented research uses computed fluid dynamics (CFD) simulation and real data from the pressure measurement system for determination of the dynamical model of the Pitot tube with the transducer. An identification algorithm is applied to the data from the simulation, and the model in the form of a transfer function is an identification result. The oscillatory behavior is detected, and this result is confirmed by frequency analysis of the recorded pressure measurements. One of the resonant frequencies is the same in both experiments, but the second is slightly different. The identified dynamical models permit the possibility to predict deviations caused by dynamics and to select the appropriate tube for a particular experiment.
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Edwards, Bradley, David Murphy, Carol Janzen, and Nordeen Larson. "Calibration, Response, and Hysteresis in Deep-Sea Dissolved Oxygen Measurements." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 27, no. 5 (May 1, 2010): 920–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2009jtecho693.1.
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Abstract Accurately measuring the dissolved oxygen concentration in the ocean has been the subject of considerable research. Traditionally, the calibration and correction of profiling oxygen measurements has centered on static, steady-state errors, leaving dynamic or time-dependent errors in the sensor response largely untreated. This study evaluates a reengineered Sea-Bird Electronics dissolved-oxygen Clark electrode (SBE 43) and demonstrates the characterization of sensor time response over oceanographic temperatures and pressures as well as treating a time-dependent, pressure-induced effect observed as hysteresis, most notably in deep-ocean oxygen profiles. The effects of temperature and pressure on sensor response are measured separately and then combined into an expression for evaluating an in situ time constant. The physics of the pressure-induced hysteresis in oxygen sensors are discussed and modeled for many individual sensors in several locations throughout the world’s oceans. This effort reduces the underlying uncertainty of Clark oxygen sensors to approximately 0.1% of the measured signal, which is equivalent to the accuracy of the chemical calibration standard.
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Zhao, You, Yulong Zhao, Lukang Wang, Yu Yang, and Yabing Wang. "Femtosecond Laser Processing Assisted SiC High-Temperature Pressure Sensor Fabrication and Performance Test." Micromachines 14, no. 3 (February 28, 2023): 587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi14030587.
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Due to material plastic deformation and current leakage at high temperatures, SOI (silicon-on-insulator) and SOS (silicon-on-sapphire) pressure sensors have difficulty working over 500 °C. Silicon carbide (SiC) is a promising sensor material to solve this problem because of its stable mechanical and electrical properties at high temperatures. However, SiC is difficult to process which hinders its application as a high-temperature pressure sensor. This study proposes a piezoresistive SiC pressure sensor fabrication method to overcome the difficulties in SiC processing, especially deep etching. The sensor was processed by a combination of ICP (inductive coupled plasma) dry etching, high-temperature rapid annealing and femtosecond laser deep etching. Static and dynamic calibration tests show that the accuracy error of the fabricated sensor can reach 0.33%FS, and the dynamic signal response time is 1.2 μs. High and low temperature test results show that the developed sensor is able to work at temperatures from −50 °C to 600 °C, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed sensor fabrication method.
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Li, Wanjing, Andeng Liu, Yimeng Wang, Kui Qu, Hao Wen, Jizhong Zhao, Yating Shi, Hao Wang, Meidan Ye, and Wenxi Guo. "Implantable and Degradable Wireless Passive Protein-Based Tactile Sensor for Intracranial Dynamic Pressure Detection." Electronics 12, no. 11 (May 30, 2023): 2466. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics12112466.
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Implantable sensors normally require devices with excellent biocompatibility and flexibility as well as wireless communication. Silk fibroin (SF) is an ideal material for implantable electronic devices due to its natural biodegradability and biocompatibility. In this work, we prepared SF protein materials with different force/chemical properties through mesoscopic regulation, and realized full protein replacement from substrate to dielectric elastomer for implantable sensors, so as to achieve controlled complete degradation. In wireless tests simulating intracranial pressure, the SF-based all-protein sensor achieved a sensitivity up to 4.44 MHz/mmHg in the pressure range of 0–20 mmHg. In addition, the sensor is insensitive to temperature changes and tissue environments, and can work stably in simulated body fluids for a long time. This work provides a wireless passive, all-protein material solution for implantable pressure sensors.
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Takarada, Tohru, Tetsunosuke Asada, Yoshihisa Sumi, and Yoshinori Higuchi. "Noncontact Monitoring of Respiration by Dynamic Air-Pressure Sensor." Anesthesia Progress 62, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.2344/12-00020.1.
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Abstract We have previously reported that a dynamic air-pressure sensor system allows respiratory status to be visually monitored for patients in minimally clothed condition. The dynamic air-pressure sensor measures vital information using changes in air pressure. To utilize this device in the field, we must clarify the influence of clothing conditions on measurement. The present study evaluated use of the dynamic air-pressure sensor system as a respiratory monitor that can reliably detect change in breathing patterns irrespective of clothing. Twelve healthy volunteers reclined on a dental chair positioned horizontally with the sensor pad for measuring air-pressure signals corresponding to respiration placed on the seat back of the dental chair in the central lumbar region. Respiratory measurements were taken under 2 conditions: (a) thinly clothed (subject lying directly on the sensor pad); and (b) thickly clothed (subject lying on the sensor pad covered with a pressure-reducing sheet). Air-pressure signals were recorded and time integration values for air pressure during each expiration were calculated. This information was compared with expiratory tidal volume measured simultaneously by a respirometer connected to the subject via face mask. The dynamic air-pressure sensor was able to receive the signal corresponding to respiration regardless of clothing conditions. A strong correlation was identified between expiratory tidal volume and time integration values for air pressure during each expiration for all subjects under both clothing conditions (0.840–0.988 for the thinly clothed condition and 0.867–0.992 for the thickly clothed condition). These results show that the dynamic air-pressure sensor is useful for monitoring respiratory physiology irrespective of clothing.
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Li, Honglin, Hui Deng, Guangqi Zheng, Mingguang Shan, Zhi Zhong, and Bin Liu. "Reviews on Corrugated Diaphragms in Miniature Fiber-Optic Pressure Sensors." Applied Sciences 9, no. 11 (May 30, 2019): 2241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9112241.
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Corrugated diaphragms (CDs) have been widely used in many fields because of their higher pressure sensitivity and wider linear range compared to flat diaphragms (FDs) in the same circumstances. Especially in the application of miniature fiber-optic pressure sensors, the introduction of the corrugated structure gives the sensor high sensitivity, large dynamic range, good linearity, small hysteresis, good stability, and so on. Research on CD-based miniature fiber-optic pressure sensors has gradually attracted more attention in recent years. In this paper, the principles of operation of a miniature fiber-optic pressure sensor are briefly introduced, then the mechanical properties of FD and CD, as well as their influences on the performance of the sensor, are analyzed in detail. The application status of CDs in miniature fiber-optic pressure sensors is reviewed, and our conclusions and the prospects for the application of CDs in miniature fiber-optic pressure sensors are given finally.
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Rabbani, K. Siddique-e., SM Zahid Ishraque, M. Shahedul Islam, and Rhaad Muasir Rabbani. "Improvisation of an Optical Pressure Sensor Based Dynamic Foot Pressure Measurement System." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics 4, no. 1 (April 20, 2013): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14687.
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Dynamic foot pressure measurement is necessary particularly for diabetic patients to prevent ulcers, eventually leading to gangrene and amputation. The present work reports a low cost optical sensing system for the above, suitable for the Third World. It uses a horizontally placed transparent Acrylic plate with a webcam placed below facing upwards. A white paper, backed by a black adhesive plastic sheet, covered the whole plate on the top. Light from a tubular fluorescent lamp entered the acrylic plate from a side and traversed the thickness through total internal reflection. At points of pressure applied from the top, the air between the paper and the acrylic plate got displaced and caused breakdown of total internal reflection. The scattered light rays from the white sheet were recorded by the webcam. Computer software on Java platform was developed to grab and analyse video data to display dynamic pressure distribution in artificial colour contours. Approximate pressure calibration was obtained using static and dynamic values obtained from subjects with normal and abnormal foot pressures. Time graphs of pressure at user chosen points were also provided. The developed system worked with satisfaction and is being used for clinical assessment regularly. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmp.v4i1.14687 Bangladesh Journal of Medical Physics Vol.4 No.1 2011 51-58
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Yang, W., Q. Yang, R. Yan, W. Zhang, X. Yan, F. Gao, and W. Yan. "Dynamic Response of Pressure Sensor With Magnetic Liquids." IEEE Transactions on Applied Superconductivity 20, no. 3 (June 2010): 1860–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tasc.2010.2044160.
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Bakhoum, E. G., and M. H. M. Cheng. "Capacitive Pressure Sensor With Very Large Dynamic Range." IEEE Transactions on Components and Packaging Technologies 33, no. 1 (March 2010): 79–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcapt.2009.2022949.
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Schweeger, G., C. Lang, H. L. Hartnagel, R. Dolt, G. Hohenberg, and K. Fricke. "Active GaAs sensor element for dynamic pressure measurements." Electronics Letters 30, no. 16 (August 4, 1994): 1355–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el:19940910.
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Wang, Qi, James McDaniel, and Ming Wang. "Dynamic Tire Pressure Sensor for Measuring Ground Vibration." Sensors 12, no. 11 (November 7, 2012): 15192–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s121115192.
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Sanchis, R., I. M. Tkachenko, G. Verdú, and J. L. Muñoz-Cobo. "Dynamic analysis of the NPP pressure sensor system." Progress in Nuclear Energy 29, no. 3-4 (January 1995): 321–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0149-1970(95)00015-c.
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Homayounfar, S. Zohreh, Ali Kiaghadi, Deepak Ganesan, and Trisha L. Andrew. "(Digital Presentation) Harnessing Wide-Range, Highly Stable Pressure Sensitivity Via PEDOT-Cl Vapor Printed Textiles for Health Monitoring." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 62 (October 9, 2022): 2286. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-02622286mtgabs.
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The advancement of wearable electromechanical sensors to detect biopotentials and body locomotion is critically important in evaluating human performance and improving off-site care applications. Electromechanical pressure sensors are defined as transducers that transform the mechanical deformations caused by applied pressure to a detectable electrical output. Depending on the transduction mechanism, pressure sensors fall within different categories including triboelectric, transistive, capacitive, piezoelectric, and piezoresistive sensors. Piezoresistive pressure sensors, in which the ultimate electrical output is resistance variations, are the most-widely used class due to the simplicity of read-out system in signal acquisition, simple working mechanism that allows a wide variety of materials to be used along with cost-effective fabrication process. However, their practicality is highly restricted by narrow range of detection (RoD), failure to sense both static and dynamic pressures simultaneously, and low stability against aging phenomena such as cycling abrasions, exposure to perspiration and washing. By taking advantage of vapor deposition of a p-doped conjugated polymer, poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):chloride (PEDOT-Cl), we introduce an ultra-stable pressure sensor that reveals high sensitivity in detecting real-time signals in such a wide range of pressures that has not been reported before (from heart beats to more than body weight). This one-step technique allowed us to tune the conductivity and subsequently sensitivity of the sensor accordingly. We observed that the sensor enjoys a multiscale working mechanism, in which we have the putative decrease in the thickness and therefore reduction in the air trapped in the free volume of the active layer in mili-centmeter scale, the percolation pathways in micro-milimeter scale, and piezoionic effect in nanometer scale which means that the redistribution of ions under the applied mechanical stress leads to the change in resistance. This multiscale sensitivity is the key to its broad RoD along with its ability to simultaneously detect subtle dynamic and static pressure in the presence of a base pressure. We developed two sensors: one with PEDOT-Cl coated cotton fabric and one with PEDOT-Cl coated cotton ball as the active layer. In fact, the ordered structure of fabric and the disordered structure of cotton ball play the role of a lattice for percolation; providing the structure with points of connectivity for charge carriers. As expected, the disordered nature of the cotton ball leads to a higher number of points of connectivity and therefore, lower range of variation and higher precision in data acquisition. While taking advantage of the presence of ions in our sensor, we protected the sensor against all the humidity-induced degradations entangled with ions and other aging processes via vapor deposition of Fluorinated hydrophobic moieties on all the sensor layers. With this protective coating, the sensor shows less than no change in resistance and sensitivity after staying in ~100% humidity for more than a week, and can stand more than 20 laundry cycles without any drop in signal quality. Also, it displays ultrastability with 99.21% over 70,000 bending cycles in ambient conditions, exceeding the durability cycles of sensors reported previously. The broad ability of this sensor was further confirmed by acquiring physiological signals and body motions such as heartbeats, respiration, Joint movements and step. All these properties, along with the low-cost and robust fabrication process, bears the testimony that this sensor will be uniquely placed in wearable health monitoring electronics for both diagnostic and treatment applications. *Figure Caption: a) Schematic illustration of the sensor including the SEM image of the PEDOT-Cl coated layer, b) Physiological and body movements signals acquired via sensor, c) Sensitivity of the sensor over a wide range of pressures Figure 1
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LI, Yan Bing, Meng Yuan, and Ji Yong Xu. "The Analysis and Study Based on MEMS Sensor." Advanced Materials Research 282-283 (July 2011): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.282-283.271.
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A kind of ultra micro pressure range MEMS pressure sensor is elaborated and analyzed in detail. The chip structure selection of pressure sensor is researched by the relative theory and the reasonable chip structure is designed in this paper. In order to design the Wheatstone bridge properly, we explore the width and length of the resistors on the membrane of the pressure sensor. At last, through the finite element analysis method, the relevant dynamic properties are analyzed for the sensor too. The dynamic response time is 3.2×10-5s. The response speed is fast and the sensor has many advantages under the periodic variation pressure.
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Sengupta, Ushnish, Günther Waxenegger-Wilfing, Jan Martin, Justin Hardi, and Matthew P. Juniper. "Forecasting thermoacoustic instabilities in liquid propellant rocket engines using multimodal Bayesian deep learning." International Journal of Spray and Combustion Dynamics 14, no. 3-4 (September 2022): 218–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17568277221139974.
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We present a method that combines multiple sensory modalities in a rocket thrust chamber to predict impending thermoacoustic instabilities with uncertainties. This is accomplished by training an autoregressive Bayesian neural network model that forecasts the future amplitude of the dynamic pressure time series, using multiple sensor measurements (injector pressure/ temperature measurements, static chamber pressure, high-frequency dynamic pressure measurements, high-frequency OH* chemiluminescence measurements) and future flow rate control signals as input. The method is validated using experimental data from a representative cryogenic research thrust chamber. The Bayesian nature of our algorithms allows us to work with a dataset whose size is restricted by the expense of each experimental run, without making overconfident extrapolations. We find that the networks are able to accurately forecast the evolution of the pressure amplitude and anticipate instability events on unseen experimental runs 500 milliseconds in advance. We compare the predictive accuracy of multiple models using different combinations of sensor inputs. We find that the high-frequency dynamic pressure signal is particularly informative. We also use the technique of integrated gradients to interpret the influence of different sensor inputs on the model prediction. The negative log-likelihood of data points in the test dataset indicates that prediction uncertainties are well-characterized by our model and simulating a sensor failure event results in a dramatic increase in the epistemic component of the uncertainty, as would be expected when a Bayesian method encounters unfamiliar, out-of-distribution inputs.
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Zhao, Xin, Dong Mei, Gangqiang Tang, Chun Zhao, Jianfeng Wang, Minzhou Luo, Lijie Li, and Yanjie Wang. "Strain and Pressure Sensors Based on MWCNT/PDMS for Human Motion/Perception Detection." Polymers 15, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 1386. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15061386.
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Flexible wearable devices have attracted wide attention in capacious fields because of their real-time and continuous monitoring of human information. The development of flexible sensors and corresponding integration with wearable devices is of great significance to build smart wearable devices. In this work, multi-walled carbon nanotube/polydimethylsiloxane-based (MWCNT/PDMS) resistive strain sensors and pressure sensors were developed to integrate a smart glove for human motion/perception detection. Firstly, MWCNT/PDMS conductive layers with excellent electrical and mechanical properties (resistivity of 2.897 KΩ · cm, elongation at break of 145%) were fabricated via a facile scraping-coating method. Then, a resistive strain sensor with a stable homogeneous structure was developed due to the similar physicochemical properties of the PDMS encapsulation layer and MWCNT/PDMS sensing layer. The resistance changes of the prepared strain sensor exhibited a great linear relationship with the strain. Moreover, it could output obvious repeatable dynamic response signals. It still had good cyclic stability and durability after 180° bending/restoring cycles and 40% stretching/releasing cycles. Secondly, MWCNT/PDMS layers with bioinspired spinous microstructures were formed by a simple sandpaper retransfer process and then assembled face-to-face into a resistive pressure sensor. The pressure sensor presented a linear relationship of relative resistance change and pressure in the range of 0–31.83 KPa with a sensitivity of 0.026 KPa−1, and a sensitivity of 2.769 × 10−4 KPa−1 over 32 KPa. Furthermore, it responded quickly and kept good cycle stability at 25.78 KPa dynamic loop over 2000 s. Finally, as parts of a wearable device, resistive strain sensors and a pressure sensor were then integrated into different areas of the glove. The cost-effective, multi-functional smart glove can recognize finger bending, gestures, and external mechanical stimuli, which holds great potential in the fields of medical healthcare, human-computer cooperation, and so on.
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Chen, Jianzhong, Ke Sun, Rong Zheng, Yi Sun, Heng Yang, Yifei Zhong, and Xinxin Li. "Three-Dimensional Arterial Pulse Signal Acquisition in Time Domain Using Flexible Pressure-Sensor Dense Arrays." Micromachines 12, no. 5 (May 17, 2021): 569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12050569.
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In this study, we developed a radial artery pulse acquisition system based on finger-worn dense pressure sensor arrays to enable three-dimensional pulse signals acquisition. The finger-worn dense pressure-sensor arrays were fabricated by packaging 18 ultra-small MEMS pressure sensors (0.4 mm × 0.4 mm × 0.2 mm each) with a pitch of 0.65 mm on flexible printed circuit boards. Pulse signals are measured and recorded simultaneously when traditional Chinese medicine practitioners wear the arrays on the fingers while palpating the radial pulse. Given that the pitches are much smaller than the diameter of the human radial artery, three-dimensional pulse envelope images can be measured with the system, as can the width and the dynamic width of the pulse signals. Furthermore, the array has an effective span of 11.6 mm—3–5 times the diameter of the radial artery—which enables easy and accurate positioning of the sensor array on the radial artery. This study also outlines proposed methods for measuring the pulse width and dynamic pulse width. The dynamic pulse widths of three volunteers were measured, and the dynamic pulse width measurements were consistent with those obtained by color Doppler ultrasound. The pulse wave velocity can also be measured with the system by measuring the pulse transit time between the pulse signals at the brachial and radial arteries using the finger-worn sensor arrays.
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Kang, Yuhong, Scott Mouring, Albrey de Clerck, Shuo Mao, Wing Ng, and Hang Ruan. "Development of a Flexible Integrated Self-Calibrating MEMS Pressure Sensor Using a Liquid-to-Vapor Phase Change." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 12, 2022): 9737. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249737.
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Self-calibration capabilities for flexible pressure sensors are greatly needed for fluid dynamic analysis, structure health monitoring and wearable sensing applications to compensate, in situ and in real time, for sensor drifts, nonlinearity effects, and hysteresis. Currently, very few self-calibrating pressure sensors can be found in the literature, let alone in flexible formats. This paper presents a flexible self-calibrating pressure sensor fabricated from a silicon-on-insulator wafer and bonded on a polyimide substrate. The sensor chip is made of four piezoresistors arranged in a Wheatstone bridge configuration on a pressure-sensitive membrane, integrated with a gold thin film-based reference cavity heater, and two thermistors. With a liquid-to-vapor thermopneumatic actuation system, the sensor can create precise in-cavity pressure for self-calibration. Compared with the previous work related to the single-phase air-only counterpart, testing of this two-phase sensor demonstrated that adding the water liquid-to-vapor phase change can improve the effective range of self-calibration from 3 psi to 9.5 psi without increasing the power consumption of the cavity micro-heater. The calibration time can be further improved to a few seconds with a pulsed heating power.
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Cong, Jiqing, Jianping Jing, and Changmin Chen. "Development of a PVDF Sensor Array for Measurement of the Dynamic Pressure Field of the Blade Tip in an Axial Flow Compressor." Sensors 19, no. 6 (March 21, 2019): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19061404.
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Tip clearance flow in axial flow compressor is unavoidable and responsible for pressure losses and noise generation and influences the stability of the compressor. However, necessary flow measurement in the blade tip region is a great challenge due to the small gap width as well as the structure limitation. In this paper, a polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) piezoelectric-film sensor array is developed to capture the dynamic pressure field over the blade tip in an axial flow compressor. The PVDF sensor array with 40 evenly distributed sensing points is fabricated directly on a 30 μm thick aluminum-metalized polarized PVDF film through photolithography. Dynamic calibration of the sensor is accomplished using acoustic source as excitation and a microphone as a reference. The test pressure range is up to 3.5 kPa and the sampling frequency is 20 kHz. The sensor presents a high signal-to-noise ratio and good consistency with the reference microphone. Sensitivity, frequency response, linearity, hysteresis, repeatability as well as the influence of temperature are also investigated through the calibration apparatus. The calibration gives credence to the relevance and reliability of this sensor for the application in dynamic pressure field measurement. The sensor is then applied to an actual measurement in a compressor. The output of the PVDF sensor array is also compared with the results of common pressure transducers, and the features of the dynamic pressure filed are discussed. The results indicate that the PVDF sensor array is capable of the dynamic pressure field measurement over the blade tip, and superior to the conventional approaches in installation, spatial resolution, frequency response, and cost. These advantages indicate its potential broad application in pressure measurement, especially for the complex spatial surface or thin-walled structure, such as the blade surface and the thin casing wall of the compressor.
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Buchholz, B., A. Afchine, and V. Ebert. "Rapid, optical measurement of the atmospheric pressure on a fast research aircraft using open-path TDLAS." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques 7, no. 11 (November 6, 2014): 3653–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amt-7-3653-2014.
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Abstract. Because of the high travel speed, the complex flow dynamics around an aircraft, and the complex dependency of the fluid dynamics on numerous airborne parameters, it is quite difficult to obtain accurate pressure values at a specific instrument location of an aircraft's fuselage. Complex simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models can in theory computationally "transfer" pressure values from one location to another. However, for long flight patterns, this process is inconvenient and cumbersome. Furthermore, these CFD transfer models require a local experimental validation, which is rarely available. In this paper, we describe an integrated approach for a spectroscopic, calibration-free, in-flight pressure determination in an open-path White cell on an aircraft fuselage using ambient, atmospheric water vapour as the "sensor species". The presented measurements are realised with the HAI (Hygrometer for Atmospheric Investigations) instrument, built for multiphase water detection via calibration-free TDLAS (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy). The pressure determination is based on raw data used for H2O concentration measurement, but with a different post-flight evaluation method, and can therefore be conducted at deferred time intervals on any desired flight track. The spectroscopic pressure is compared in-flight with the static ambient pressure of the aircraft avionic system and a micro-mechanical pressure sensor, located next to the open-path cell, over a pressure range from 150 to 800 hPa, and a water vapour concentration range of more than 3 orders of magnitude. The correlation between the micro-mechanical pressure sensor measurements and the spectroscopic pressure measurements shows an average deviation from linearity of only 0.14% and a small offset of 9.5 hPa. For the spectroscopic pressure evaluation we derive measurement uncertainties under laboratory conditions of 3.2 and 5.1% during in-flight operation on the HALO airplane. Under certain flight conditions we quantified, for the first time, stalling-induced, dynamic pressure deviations of up to 30% (at 200 hPa) between the avionic sensor and the optical and mechanical pressure sensors integrated in HAI. Such severe local pressure deviations from the typically used avionic pressure are important to take into account for other airborne sensors employed on such fast flying platforms as the HALO aircraft.
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Buchholz, B., A. Afchine, and V. Ebert. "Rapid, optical measurement of the atmospheric pressure on a fast research aircraft using open-path TDLAS." Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions 7, no. 5 (May 13, 2014): 4775–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/amtd-7-4775-2014.
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Abstract. Because of the high travel speed, the complex flow dynamics around an aircraft and the complex dependency of the fluid dynamics on numerous airborne parameters, it is quite difficult to obtain accurate pressure values at a specific instrument location of an aircraft's fuselage. Complex simulations using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models can in theory computationally "transfer" pressure values from one location to another. However, for long flight patterns, this process is inconvenient and cumbersome. Furthermore these CFD transfer models require a local experimental validation, which is rarely available. In this paper, we describe an integrated approach for a spectroscopic, calibration-free, in-flight pressure determination in an open-path White cell on an aircraft fuselage using ambient, atmospheric water vapour as the "sensor species". The presented measurements are realized with the HAI (Hygrometer for Atmospheric Investigations) instrument, built for multiphase water detection via calibration-free TDLAS (tunable diode laser absorption spectroscopy). The pressure determination is based on raw data used for H2O concentration measurement, but with a different post-flight evaluation method, and can therefore be conducted at deferred time intervals on any desired flight track. The spectroscopic pressure is compared in-flight with the static ambient pressure of the aircraft avionic system and a micro-mechanical pressure sensor, located next to the open-path cell, over a pressure range from 150 hPa to 800 hPa, and a water vapour concentration range of more than three orders of magnitude. The correlation between the micro-mechanical pressure sensor measurements and the spectroscopic pressure measurements show an average deviation from linearity of only 0.14% and a small offset of 9.5 hPa. For the spectroscopic pressure evaluation we derive measurement uncertainties under laboratory conditions of 3.2% and 5.1% during in flight operation on the HALO airplane. Under certain flight conditions we quantified for the first time stalling-induced, dynamic pressure deviations of up to 30% (at 200 hPa) between the avionic sensor and the optical and mechanical pressure sensors integrated in HAI. Such severe local pressure deviations from the usually used avionic pressure are important to take into account for other airborne sensors employed on such fast flying platforms as the HALO aircraft.
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Li, Xinying, Zhuoping Duan, and Renrong Long. "Research on vibration compensation technology of pressure sensors in shock wave overpressure measurement." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2369, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2369/1/012075.
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In the dynamic pressure test of explosion shock wave, the interference of seismic wave and mechanical shock makes the interpretation of shock wave pressure measurement more difficult. In this paper, a comparative test is designed to peel off the vibration signal, and the source of vibration in shock wave measurement and the cause of acceleration parasitic effect of pressure sensor are analyzed combined with the data; Then, according to the experimental conclusions and the working principle of the sensor, a new pressure sensor with vibration compensation function is designed; Finally, the feasibility of the new sensor structure for vibration compensation is analyzed by finite element simulation. The results show that the vast majority of vibration interference signals are output by the sensor’s sensitive elements, and the new sensor with double sensitive element compensation can effectively suppress or eliminate the parasitic output caused by vibration interference. The design of the new structure sensor provides ideas for the design of vibration compensation structure of other pressure sensors, and has a certain reference value.
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Rose, Nicholas E., Lawrence A. Feiwell, and Andrea Cracchiolo. "A Method for Measuring Foot Pressures Using a High Resolution, Computerized Insole Sensor: The Effect of Heel Wedges on Plantar Pressure Distribution and Center of Force." Foot & Ankle 13, no. 5 (June 1992): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107110079201300506.
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A new, high resolution, pressure-sensitive insole was tested and found to provide reproducible measurements of static and dynamic plantar pressures inside the shoe of normal test subjects under certain conditions. However, calibration between separate sensors was poor and the sensor pads showed significant wear with use. This system was also used to investigate the effect of heel wedges on plantar foot pressure to determine whether this system was sensitive enough to detect the effect of a gross shoe modification on plantar foot pressure. Medial heel wedges decreased plantar pressures under the first and second metatarsals as well as under the first toe, and shifted the center of force laterally in all portions of the foot. Lateral heel wedges decreased pressures under the third, fourth, and fifth metatarsals, increased pressures under the first and second metatarsals, and shifted the center of force medially in all portions of the foot. Our evaluations indicate that it is possible to measure static and dynamic plantar foot pressures within shoes and to study the possible effect of shoe modifications on plantar pressures in controlled gait trials.
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Safarloo, Sahar, Arántzazu Núñez-Cascajero, Ruben Sanchez-Gomez, and Carmen Vázquez. "Polymer Optical Fiber Plantar Pressure Sensors: Design and Validation." Sensors 22, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 3883. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22103883.
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The proper measurement of plantar pressure during gait is critical for the clinical diagnosis of foot problems. Force platforms and wearable devices have been developed to study gait patterns during walking or running. However, these devices are often expensive, cumbersome, or have boundary constraints that limit the participant’s motions. Recent advancements in the quality of plastic optical fiber (POF) have made it possible to manufacture a low-cost bend sensor with a novel design for use in plantar pressure monitoring. An intensity-based POF bend sensor is not only lightweight, non-invasive, and easy to construct, but it also produces a signal that requires almost no processing. In this work, we have designed, fabricated, and characterized a novel intensity POF sensor to detect the force applied by the human foot and measure the gait pattern. The sensors were put through a series of dynamic and static tests to determine their measurement range, sensitivity, and linearity, and their response was compared to that of two different commercial force sensors, including piezo resistive sensors and a clinical force platform. The results suggest that this novel POF bend sensor can be used in a wide range of applications, given its low cost and non-invasive nature. Feedback walking monitoring for ulcer prevention or sports performance could be just one of those applications.
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Zou, Qiang, Fengrui Yang, and Yaodong Wang. "Highly sensitive flexible modulus sensor for softness perception and clinical application." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 32, no. 3 (February 11, 2022): 035004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6439/ac49a2.
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Abstract The wearable sensors for softness measuring are emerging as a solution of softness perception, which is an intrinsic function of human skin, for electronic skin and human-machine interaction. However, these wearable sensors suffer from a key challenge: the modulus of an object can not be characterized directly, which originates from the complicated transduction mechanism. To address this key challenge, we developed a flexible and wearable modulus sensor that can simultaneously measure the pressure and modulus without mutual interference. The modulus sensing was realized by merging the electrostatic capacitance response from the pressure sensor and the ionic capacitance response from the indentation sensor. Via the optimized structure, our sensor exhibits high modulus sensitivity of 1.9 × 102 in 0.06 MPa, a fast dynamic response time of 100 ms, and high mechanical robustness for over 2500 cycles. We also integrated the sensor onto a prosthetic hand and surgical probe to demonstrate its capability for pressure and modulus sensing. This work provides a new strategy for modulus measurement, which has great potential in softness sensing and medical application.
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Yu, Zhongliang, Yulong Zhao, Lili Li, Bian Tian, and Cun Li. "Geometry optimization for micro-pressure sensor considering dynamic interference." Review of Scientific Instruments 85, no. 9 (September 2014): 095002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4895999.
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Yuan, Shenfang, Fahard Ansari, Xiaohui Liu, and Yang Zhao. "Optic fiber-based dynamic pressure sensor for WIM system." Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 120, no. 1 (April 2005): 53–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2004.11.008.
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