Academic literature on the topic 'Dynamic ecosystem modelling'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dynamic ecosystem modelling"
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Zariņš, Mārcis, Andra Blumberga, Māris Klaviņš, and Viesturs Melecis. "Dynamic Modeling for Environmental Processes: A Case Study of Lake Engure." Proceedings of the Latvian Academy of Sciences. Section B. Natural, Exact, and Applied Sciences. 68, no. 1-2 (April 1, 2014): 20–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/prolas-2014-0002.
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Abstract This focus of the study was on system dynamic models that could be useful for modelling environmental processes in Lake Engure. The paper considers the system dynamic model development principles, the most important elements and structure. The aim of the study was to describe possible methods of ecosystem process modelling that allow to represent the actual state of ecosystems and provide opportunities to predict further processes. The methods of ecosystem modelling considered in the paper reveal interactive factors of anthropogenic and environmental processes that influence changes in ecosystems. System dynamic models indicate not only interactions between various factors in the environment but also the most important driving forces. These models are based on flowchart and algorithm systems, which represent changes using mathematical functions in a graphic or tabular form. In the case study of Lake Engure, connections between factors that influence ecosystems in the study area were identified. Specialised software, PowerSim Studio Academic 9.0, was used for modelling. The model consists of qualitative and multifactor data of Lake Engure ecosystems, such as water chemical, physical and hydrological parameters, biological, ornithological and other data collected in the study area. Development of this modelling method will make it possible to evaluate the impact of various processes on biological diversity changes in the study area and to identify the most important problems. Furthermore, this method could improve environmental management practice in the surrounding municipalities, and it will also be possible to make similar models of ecosystem quality in other regions.
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Guseynov, Sharif E., and Jekaterina V. Aleksejeva. "Mathematical Modelling of Aquatic Ecosystem." Environment. Technology. Resources. Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference 3 (June 16, 2015): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/etr2015vol3.192.
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<p class="R-AbstractKeywords"><span lang="EN-US">In present paper we consider the complete statements of initial-boundary problems for the modelling of various aspects of aqueous systems in Latvia. All the proposed models are the evolutionary models: all they are nonstationary and continuous qualitative models having the dynamic parameters and aimed at analysis, evaluation and forecast of aqueous systems (reservoirs, lakes and seas). In constructing these mathematical models as research tools classic apparatus of differential equations (both ODE and PDE) as well as apparatus of mathematical physics were used</span><span lang="EN-US">. </span></p>
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Munch, Stephan B., Antoine Brias, George Sugihara, and Tanya L. Rogers. "Frequently asked questions about nonlinear dynamics and empirical dynamic modelling." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 4 (November 26, 2019): 1463–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz209.
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Abstract Complex nonlinear dynamics are ubiquitous in marine ecology. Empirical dynamic modelling can be used to infer ecosystem dynamics and species interactions while making minimal assumptions. Although there is growing enthusiasm for applying these methods, the background required to understand them is not typically part of contemporary marine ecology curricula, leading to numerous questions and potential misunderstanding. In this study, we provide a brief overview of empirical dynamic modelling, followed by answers to the ten most frequently asked questions about nonlinear dynamics and nonlinear forecasting.
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Daewel, Ute, Solfrid Sætre Hjøllo, Martin Huret, Rubao Ji, Marie Maar, Susa Niiranen, Morgane Travers-Trolet, Myron A. Peck, and Karen E. van de Wolfshaar. "Predation control of zooplankton dynamics: a review of observations and models." ICES Journal of Marine Science 71, no. 2 (August 6, 2013): 254–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fst125.
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Abstract Daewel, U., Hjøllo, S. S., Huret, M., Ji, R., Maar, M., Niiranen, S., Travers-Trolet, M., Peck, M. A., van de Wolfshaar, K. E. 2014. Predation control of zooplankton dynamics: a review of observations and models. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 71: 254–271. We performed a literature review to examine to what degree the zooplankton dynamics in different regional marine ecosystems across the Atlantic Ocean is driven by predation mortality and how the latter is addressed in available modelling approaches. In general, we found that predation on zooplankton plays an important role in all the six considered ecosystems, but the impacts are differently strong and occur at different spatial and temporal scales. In ecosystems with extreme environmental conditions (e.g. low temperature, ice cover, large seasonal amplitudes) and low species diversity, the overall impact of top-down processes on zooplankton dynamics is stronger than for ecosystems having moderate environmental conditions and high species diversity. In those ecosystems, predation mortality was found to structure the zooplankton mainly on local spatial and seasonal time scales. Modelling methods used to parameterize zooplankton mortality range from simplified approaches with fixed mortality rates to complex coupled multispecies models. The applicability of a specific method depends on both the observed state of the ecosystem and the spatial and temporal scales considered. Modelling constraints such as parameter uncertainties and computational costs need to be balanced with the ecosystem-specific demand for a consistent, spatial-temporal dynamic implementation of predation mortality on the zooplankton compartment.
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Makler-Pick, Vardit, Gideon Gal, James Shapiro, and Matthew R. Hipsey. "Exploring the role of fish in a lake ecosystem (Lake Kinneret, Israel) by coupling an individual-based fish population model to a dynamic ecosystem model." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 68, no. 7 (July 2011): 1265–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f2011-051.
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To explore the role that fish play in aquatic ecosystems, a hydrodynamic–ecological model (DYRESM–CAEDYM) was coupled to a novel fish population model. The coupled model (DYCD–FISH) combined two modelling approaches: a complex dynamic model and an individual-based model. The coupled model simulates fish growth population dynamics and predicts fish impacts on various ecosystem components, including nutrients and lower trophic levels. The model was employed to explore the role of the dominant fish in Lake Kinneret (Israel), Acanthobrama terraesanctae (Kinneret bleak, or in Hebrew, lavnun ha’kinneret; hereafter lavnun). Model results suggested that the lavnun has a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the magnitude of output variables including its prey food (the predatory and microzooplankton), major nutrients such as ammonium (NH4) and phosphate (PO4), and on several phytoplankton species, but not on the seasonality of any of the output variables. Since the model incorporates trophic levels from nutrients to fish, it revealed the nonlinear dynamic impacts of fish on different ecosystem components and in particular has led to quantitative insights into the relative influence of top-down control on water quality attributes. Besides being an ecosystem research tool, DYCD–FISH can also be employed as a fishery management tool, and in particular facilitate ecosystem-based fishery management.
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Harbar, Oleksandr, Іvan Khomiak, Іryna Kotsiuba, Nataliia Demchuk, and Іryna Onyshchuk. "Anthropogenic and Natural Dynamics of Landscape Ecosystems of the Slovechansko-Ovruchsky Ridge (Ukraine)." Socijalna ekologija 30, no. 3 (2021): 347–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17234/socekol.30.3.1.
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The need for landscape management cannot be satisfied by static data alone. Landscape ecosystems are complex dynamic objects and the successful protection or operation of such areas depends on the quality of monitoring their dynamics and the forecasts built on its basis. Forecasting accuracy also depends on the quality of the modelling and this is why it is necessary to highlight the most universal and key characteristics of ecosystems. The Slovechansko-Ovruchsky ridge, which has a phenomenally high variety of landscapes, is well suited as an object for testing approaches to modelling. The authors singled out 11 territorial parts of the Slovechansko-Ovruchsky ridge at the level of landscapes and tracts. The differentiation of these landscapes was assessed using the synphytoindication method to determine the value of natural and anthropogenic dynamics. This made it possible to build prognostic algorithms for ecosystem changes using geobotanical data and produce prospects to create the best suitable landscape protection strategy or more effective and safe exploitation of landscapes.
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Hjøllo, SS, SM van Leeuwen, and M. Maar. "Marine research and management topics addressed by process-based ecosystem models." Marine Ecology Progress Series 680 (December 9, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13963.
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The earth’s oceans and ecosystems face climatic changes and multiple anthropogenic stressors. In the face of this, managers of the marine environment are increasingly adopting the ecosystem approach to underpin their decision making. Process-based ecosystem models (frequently referred to as dynamic models) synthesize existing observational and experimental knowledge into a numerical framework, but an obstacle to the incorporation of these models in management is the lack of credibility due to limited control of uncertainty in the results. The 13 papers in this Theme Section highlight how ecosystem models are, or can be, applied as management tools, and the various ways in which they quantify uncertainty and evaluate the skill. The papers span all levels of biological organization from individuals to populations and ecosystems, and cover a wide selection of anthropogenic pressures. Bearing in mind that the interpretation of observations is in fact also a model with representativeness error, we advocate a closer combination of observations and models to bring both methods forward. With the current challenges to the marine ecosystem and our uses of it, the more tools marine managers have in their ‘toolbox’, the better; dynamic modelling is one such very important tool, and its inclusion in ecosystem management should be continuously assessed.
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Olin, S., M. Lindeskog, T. A. M. Pugh, G. Schurgers, D. Wårlind, M. Mishurov, S. Zaehle, B. D. Stocker, B. Smith, and A. Arneth. "Soil carbon management in large-scale Earth system modelling: implications for crop yields and nitrogen leaching." Earth System Dynamics 6, no. 2 (November 30, 2015): 745–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esd-6-745-2015.
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Abstract. Croplands are vital ecosystems for human well-being and provide important ecosystem services such as crop yields, retention of nitrogen and carbon storage. On large (regional to global)-scale levels, assessment of how these different services will vary in space and time, especially in response to cropland management, are scarce. We explore cropland management alternatives and the effect these can have on future C and N pools and fluxes using the land-use-enabled dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS (Lund–Potsdam–Jena General Ecosystem Simulator). Simulated crop production, cropland carbon storage, carbon sequestration and nitrogen leaching from croplands are evaluated and discussed. Compared to the version of LPJ-GUESS that does not include land-use dynamics, estimates of soil carbon stocks and nitrogen leaching from terrestrial to aquatic ecosystems were improved. Our model experiments allow us to investigate trade-offs between these ecosystem services that can be provided from agricultural fields. These trade-offs are evaluated for current land use and climate and further explored for future conditions within the two future climate change scenarios, RCP (Representative Concentration Pathway) 2.6 and 8.5. Our results show that the potential for carbon sequestration due to typical cropland management practices such as no-till management and cover crops proposed in previous studies is not realised, globally or over larger climatic regions. Our results highlight important considerations to be made when modelling C–N interactions in agricultural ecosystems under future environmental change and the effects these have on terrestrial biogeochemical cycles.
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Brias, Antoine, and Stephan B. Munch. "Ecosystem based multi-species management using Empirical Dynamic Programming." Ecological Modelling 441 (February 2021): 109423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109423.
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Brias, Antoine, and Stephan B. Munch. "Ecosystem based multi-species management using Empirical Dynamic Programming." Ecological Modelling 441 (February 2021): 109423. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2020.109423.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Dynamic ecosystem modelling"
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Babi, Almenar Javier. "Characterisation, biophysical modelling and monetary valuation of urban nature-based solutions as a support tool for urban planning and landscape design." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/288810.
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The recognition of nature in the resolution of societal challenges has been growing in relevance. This recognition has been associated with the development of new concepts from science and policy such as natural capital, ecosystem services, green infrastructure, and more recently Nature-Based Solutions (NBS). NBS intends to address societal challenges in an effective and adaptive form providing economic, social, and environmental benefits. The overall aim of this PhD thesis is to develop an environmental and economic assessment of NBS for highly urbanised territories based on rationales and models underpinning ecosystem services, urban/landscape ecology, and life cycle thinking approaches. This combined evaluation approach would help to better understand if NBS are cost-effective or not. The aim is developed according to four specific objectives.
The first objective corresponds to the characterisation of NBS in relation to urban contexts and the problematics that they can help to address or mitigate. To achieve this objective a critical review on the study of the relationship between NBS, ecosystem services (ES) and urban challenges (UC) was developed. As a main output, a graph of plausible cause-effect relationships between NBS, ES and UC is obtained. The graph represents a first step to support sustainable urban planning, moving from problems (i.e. urban challenges) to actions (i.e. NBS) to resolutions (i.e. ES).
The second objective corresponds to the definition of an adequate set of biophysical and monetary assessment methods and indicators to evaluate the value of NBS in urbanised contexts. To achieve this objective, a review of existing methods on ecosystem services valuation, life cycle cost analysis and life-cycle assessment are developed. The review takes into account specific constraints such as easiness to use and availability of data. At the end, potential methods and indicators were selected, which will be later integrated in the combined assessment framework.
The third objective corresponds to the design of a combined assessment framework integrating methods from life cycle assessment, landscape/urban ecology and ecosystem services that quantifies the environmental and economic value of NBS informing about the cost-effectiveness of its entire life cycle. To achieve this objective, a conceptual framework is developed. From it, a system dynamics model of ecosystem (dis)services is developed and coupled with a life cycle assessment method. The combined evaluation is tested with a relevant NBS type (i.e. urban forest) in a case study in the metropolitan area of Madrid.
The fourth objective is the development of a decision support (DSS) tool that integrates the assessment framework as part of iterative design processes in urban planning and landscape design. The DSS intends to enhance the interrelation between science, policy and planning/design. To achieve this objective a user-friendly web-based prototype DSS on NBS, called NBenefit$®, is developed. The prototype DSS provides the user a simple form of quantifying the provision of multiple ES and costs over the entire life cycle (implementation, operational life, and end-of-life) of NBS.
This thesis contributed to the characterisation of NBS and its environmental and economic assessment to inform urban planning and landscape design processes, allowing decisions that are more informed.Il riconoscimento della natura nella risoluzione delle sfide sociali è diventato sempre più importante. Questo riconoscimento è stato associato allo sviluppo di nuovi concetti provenienti dalla scienza e dalla politica, come il capitale naturale, i servizi ecosistemici, le infrastrutture verdi e, più recentemente, le soluzioni basate sulla natura (NBS). NBS intende affrontare le sfide della società in una forma efficace e adattabile fornendo benefici economici, sociali e ambientali. Lo scopo di ricerca di questa tesi di dottorato è quello di sviluppare una valutazione ambientale ed economica delle NBS per territori altamente urbanizzati basata su logiche e modelli che hanno alla base i servizi ecosistemici, l'ecologia urbana e paesaggistica e degli approcci di approcio life cycle. Questo quadro di valutazione combinato aiuterebbe a capire meglio se le NBS sono costo effetive e se contribuiscono a uno sviluppo resiliente e sostenibile. Questo scopo di ricerca è sviluppato secondo quattro obiettivi specifici. Il primo obiettivo corrisponde alla caratterizzazione delle NBS in relazione ai contesti urbani e alle problematiche che possono aiutare ad affrontare o mitigare. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stata sviluppata una revisione critica dell letteratura sullo studio della relazione tra NBS, servizi ecosistemici (ES) e sfide urbane (UC). Come risultato principale, si ottiene un grafico delle relazioni causa-effetto plausibili tra NBS, ES ed UC. Il grafico rappresenta un primo passo per supportare la pianificazione urbana sostenibile, passando dai problemi (es. UC) alle azioni (es. NBS) alle risoluzioni (es. ES). Il secondo obiettivo corrisponde alla definizione di un set di metodi e indicatori di valutazione biofisica e monetaria adeguate per valutare il valore della NBS in contesti urbanizzati. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, viene sviluppata una revisione dei metodi esistenti sulla valutazione dei servizi ecosistemici, l'analisi dei costi del ciclo di vita e la valutazione del ciclo di vita. La revisione tiene conto di vincoli specifici come la facilità d'uso e la disponibilità dei dati. Alla fine, sono stati selezionati potenziali metodi e indicatori, che saranno successivamente integrati nel quadro di valutazione combinato. Il terzo obiettivo corrisponde alla progettazione del quadro di valutazione combinato, integrando metodi di valutazione del ciclo di vita, ecologia paesaggistica / urbana e servizi ecosistemici che quantifica il valore ambientale ed economico della NBS informando sull'efficacia in termini di costi del suo intero ciclo di vita. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo, prima viene sviluppato un quadro concettuale. Da esso, viene sviluppato un modello di dinamica di sistemi per calcolare i servizi (e disservici) ecosistemici, il quale è interrelazionato con un metodo di valutazione life cycle. Questa valutazione combinata viene testata con un tipo di NBS pertinente (foresta urbana) in un caso di studio nell'area metropolitana di Madrid. Il quarto obiettivo è lo sviluppo di uno strumento di supporto decisionale (DSS) che integri il quadro di valutazione come parte dei processi di progettazione iterativa nella pianificazione urbana e nella progettazione del paesaggio. Il DSS intende migliorare l'interrelazione tra scienza, politica e pianificazione / progettazione. Per raggiungere questo obiettivo è stato sviluppato Nbenefit$® un prototipo di DSS online per la valutazzione NBS di facile uso. Il prototipo DSS fornisce all'utente una forma semplice per quantificare multipli ES e costi (internalizatti o no) durante l'intero ciclo di vita (implementazione, vita operativa e fine vita) del NBS. In conclusione, questa tesi ha contribuito alla caratterizzazione di NBS e alla sua valutazione ambientale ed economica per informare i processi di pianificazione urbana e progettazione del paesaggio, consentendo decisioni più informate.
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Mori, Mitsuyo. "Modelling the krill-predator dynamics of the Antarctic ecosystem." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/8734.
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Includes bibliographical references (p. 281-303).The main objective of this thesis is to model the krill-predator dynamics of the Antarctic ecosystem so as to determine whether predator-prey interactions alone can broadly explain observed population trends of the species considered in the model without any appeal to systematic effects possibly caused by environmental change. The history of human harvesting in the Antarctic is summarized briefly, and the central role played by krill is emphasized. The background to the hypothesis of a krill surplus in the mid 20th Century is described, and the information, particularly regarding population trends, that has become available since the postulate was first advanced is discussed. By reviewing the consumption and abundance estimates for various species in the Antarctic, it is evident that among the baleen whales, blue, fin, humpback and minke whales feed mainly on krill, and could collectively be consuming up to 120 million tons of krill in this region for each of the years around 1990. Of the seals, the Antarctic fur seals and crab-eater seals also feed mainly on krill, and these two species could be consuming up to 70 million tons of krill each year. Consumption estimates for other krill predators (birds, fish and cephalopods) are relatively poorly determined by comparison. Of these four baleen whale species, minke whales currently make the greatest impact on krill due to their large number at present compared to the other larger whale populations which are still depleted. Trend information suggests that the large baleen whales that were heavily depleted during the commercial whaling period are now recovering at rates in the vicinity of 10% per year, but there are some indications of a recent decrease in minke whale numbers. Thus, the consumption of krill by these large baleen whales has probably been increasing over recent years, though decreasing for minke whales. Updated and refined catch-at-age analyses of minke whales for the International Whaling Commission (IWC) Management Areas IV and V suggest an increase in abundance of this species in the middle decades of the 20th Century to peak at about 1970, followed by a decline for the next three decades. Fitting the recruitment time trend obtained from these analyses to a stock-recruitment model suggests that minke whale carrying capacity first increased from about 1940 to 1960 followed by a 60% decrease from the 1960s to the present. General trends in the biological parameters of this species are consistent with such a decline. A predator-prey interaction model is developed including krill, four baleen whale (blue, fin, humpback and minke) and two seal (Antarctic fur and crab-eater) species. The model commences in 1780 (the onset of fur seal harvests) and distinguishes the Atlantic/Indian and Pacific sectors in view of the much larger past harvests in the former. A reference case and six sensitivities are fit to available data on predator abundances and trends, and the plausibility of the results and the assumptions on which they are based is discussed, together with suggested areas for future investigation. Amongst the key inferences of the study are that: i) species interaction effects alone can explain observed predator abundance trends, though not without some difficulty; ii) it is necessary to consider other species in addition to baleen whales and krill to explain observed trends, with crab-eater seals seemingly playing an important role and constituting a particular priority for improved abundance and trend information; iii the Atlantic/Indian region shows major changes in species abundances, in contrast to the Pacific which is much more stable; iv) baleen whales have to be able to achieve relatively high growth rates to explain observed trends; v) species interaction effects impact the dynamics of these predators in ways that differ from what might be anticipated in a conventional single-species harvesting context, and they need to be better understood and taken into account in management decisions, and vi) Laws' (1977) estimate of some 150 million tons for the krill surplus may be appreciably too high as a result of his calculations omitting consideration of density dependent effects in feeding rates. . A priority for future work is to obtain improved estimates of the amount of krill consumed by other species, such as birds, cephalopods and fish as well as to obtain consensus on current abundance estimates for crab-eater seals and baleen whales (especially minke whales and also the associated abundance trend). Once such information is improved, more thorough sensitivity tests to the assumptions of the model and uncertainties in the abundance estimates of the species considered need to be explored. With such further development, it is hoped that such a model may ultimately assist in providing scientific advice for appropriate sustainable harvesting strategies for the Antarctic marine ecosystem taking species interactions into account, as this is a matter of key importance for the IWC and for the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources (CCAMLR).
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Wright, Jennifer Kathryn. "Carbon dynamics of longleaf pine ecosystems." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/11675.
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The interactions between vegetation and climate are complex and critical to our ability to predict and mitigate climate change. Savanna ecosystems, unique in their structure and composition, are particularly dynamic and their carbon cycling has been identified as highly significant to the global carbon budget. Understanding the responses of these dynamic ecosystems to environmental conditions is therefore central to both ecosystem management and scientific knowledge. Longleaf pine ecosystems are highly biodiverse and unique savanna ecosystems located in the south-eastern USA – an important current carbon sink and key area identified for future carbon sequestration. These ecosystems depend on fire to maintain their structure and function, and the longleaf pine tree itself (Pinus palustris Mill.) has been noted for its resilience to drought, fire, pests and storms and is thus becoming increasingly attractive as both a commercial forestry species and a provider of other ecosystem services. Previous process-based models tested in the south-eastern USA have been shown to fail in conditions of drought or rapid disturbance. Consequently, in order to inform management and understand better the physiology of these ecosystems, there is a need for a process-based model capable of upscaling leaf-level processes to the stand scale to predict GPP of longleaf pine savannas. P.palustris exists across a wide range of soil moisture conditions, from dry sandy well-drained soils (xeric) to claypan areas with higher moisture content (mesic). Previous work has demonstrated that this species adjusts many aspects of its physiology in response to these differing soil conditions, even under identical climate. The research in this thesis supports these previous findings, but additionally explores, with the assistance of the Soil Plant Atmosphere model (SPA), the productivity response of P. palustris across the soil moisture gradient. Contrary to expectations, measurements, field observations and modelling suggest that P. palustris trees growing in already water-limited conditions cope better with exceptional drought than their mesic counterparts. At the leaf-level, xeric P. palustris trees were found to have higher measured net photosynthesis, but the lower stand density and leaf area at this site meant that in non-drought conditions mesic P. palustris annual gross primary productivity (GPP) was 23% greater than xeric annual GPP. Initial upscaling of leaf-level processes to the canopy scale using the SPA model found that, during the growing season when other components of longleaf pine ecosystems are active, the longleaf pine may only be responsible for around 65% of the total productivity. Other important components of longleaf pine savannas are oaks and grasses which, with pine, constitute 95% of longleaf pine ecosystem biomass. Each of these groups, however, responds differently to fire and water availability. Despite this, the other components of longleaf pine savannas have received limited research attention and have never been modelled using a process-based model such as SPA. As integral components of longleaf pine carbon budgets, it is essential that the physiology and productivity of oaks and grasses in this system are better understood. The research in this thesis studied the productivity response of these groups during drought across a soil moisture gradient, and found that oak and pines at each site appear to fill separate ecohydrological niches depending on whether or not they are growing in a xeric or mesic habitat. As expected, the highest drought tolerance was found in the C4 grass, wiregrass (Aristida stricta), at both xeric and mesic sites. In order to further explore the contributions of the different functional groups in longleaf pine savannas, the SPA model was adapted to run with concurrent functional groups and to represent the different photosynthetic pathways of the understorey grasses (C4) and the canopy trees (C3). The aim of this part of the thesis was to represent better a savanna ecosystem in a process-based model and explore and quantify the contributions of each functional group diurnally, seasonally, annually and interannually. Modelling results suggest that accurately representing the phenology not only of trees but of grasses, is critical to capturing ecosystem GPP and its variability. This phenology may not only be seasonally controlled, but also dictated by fire. Overall, this research highlights the importance of continued research into savanna and savanna-like ecosystems. Additionally, it provides an insight into the responses of multiple ecosystem components to an extreme drought, and how these responses differ at leaf, stand and landscape scales. The thesis also employs a little-used method of combining eddy-covariance data with a process-based model to separate out different ecosystem components, a method becoming more common but not yet widely tested.
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Guibourd, de Luzinais Vianney. "L'impact des vagues de chaleurs marines sur le fonctionnement des écosystèmes de l'océan à l'échelle mondiale." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NSARH121.
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Le changement climatique affecte de plus en plus la vie marine. Les vagues de chaleur marines (MHWs), liées au réchauffement, devraient augmenter en durée, intensité et fréquence, amplifiant leurs impacts sur les écosystèmes marins au 21e siècle. Cette thèse explore les effets du changement climatique et des MHWs sur les flux de biomasse dans les réseaux trophiques marins et leurs conséquences sur la structure et le fonctionnement des écosystèmes. J’ai développé EcoTroph-Dyn, une version dynamique du modèle EcoTroph, représentant le fonctionnement des écosystèmes marins comme un flux de biomasse continu, des producteurs primaires aux prédateurs supérieurs. Basé sur une approche virtuelle d’EcoTroph-Dyn, j'ai mis en évidence que, les MHWs pourraient avoir impacté les flux de biomasse par la perturbation de la cinétique, de l'efficacité de transfert et induire des pertes de biomasse. Ensuite, en utilisant EcoTroph-Dyn, j’ai reconstitué les biomasses des consommateurs marins de 1998 à 2021 en intégrant les variations de température et de production primaire.La biomasse animale marine, estimée à chaque niveau trophique sur une grille mondiale de 1° x 1°, révèle des pertes significatives dues aux MHWs, avec des impacts accentués aux niveaux trophiques supérieurs. Enfin, les projections de la biomasse animale des océans de 1950 à 2100 indiquent que les altérations des flux de biomasse due aux MHWs pourrait entraîner une diminution globale supplémentaire de la biomasse des consommateurs proportionnelle au réchauffement des océans, avec des impacts plus prononcés que ceux dû au changement climatique de fond. Cette thèse démontre que le changement climatique et les MHWs perturbent conjointement les flux de biomasse, réduisant la biomasse océanique future avec des répercussions majeures sur les pêcheriesIntensifying climate change is increasingly affecting marine life in the world's oceans. Extreme events like marine heatwaves (MHWs), associated with climate change, are projected to grow in duration, intensity, and frequency, further impacting marine ecosystems throughout the 21st century. In this dissertation, I investigated the effects of climate change and MHWs on biomass flows in marine food webs and their consequences on ecosystem structure and functioning. I developed a dynamic version of the EcoTroph model, named EcoTroph-Dyn, which represents the functioning of marine ecosystems as a single flow of biomass from primary producers to top predators. To study MHW effects using EcoTroph-Dyn, I estimated MHW-induced mortality from 1982 to 2021 based on the thermal preferences of various taxa. The results reveal that MHWs may have impacted biomass flow through the perturbation of the kinetics of biomassflow and transfer efficiency and caused biomass loss through instantaneous mortality. Secondly, using EcoTroph-Dyn, I hindcasted consumer biomass in marine food webs from 1998 to 2021. By integrating changes in temperature and primary production, marine animal biomass was estimated at each trophic level on a 1° x 1° grid of the global ocean. Findings show significant biomass loss due to MHWs, with more pronounced impacts at higher trophic levels. Finally, projections from 1950 to 2100 indicate that MHW-induced changes in biomass flows could drive a global consumer biomass decline, surpassing the impacts of background climate change. Overall, this dissertation demonstrates that climate change and MHWs jointly disrupt biomass flows in marine ecosystems, leading to reduced future ocean animal biomass with direct repercussions on fisheries
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Barciela, FernaÌndez Rosa MariÌa. "Modelling ecosystem dynamics in the turblent surface layers of the ocean." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.252437.
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Harlin, Hugo. "2D Modelling of Phytoplankton Dynamics in Freshwater Lakes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Avdelningen för beräkningsvetenskap, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-388868.
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Phytoplankton are single celled organisms capable of phytosynthesis, and are present in all the major oceans and lakes in the world. Phytoplankton contribute to 50% of the total primary production on Earth, and are the dominating primary producer in most aquatic ecosystems. This thesis is based on the 1D deterministic model by Jäger et. al. (2010) which models phytoplankton dynamics in freshwater lakes, where phytoplankton growth is limited by the availability of light and phosphorus. The original model is here extended to two dimensions to include a horizontal dimension as well as a vertical dimension, in order to simulate phytoplankton dynamics under varying lake bottom topographies. The model was solved numerically using a grid transform and a finite volume method in MATLAB. Using the same parameter settings as the 1D case studied by Jäger et. al. (2010), an initial study of plankton dynamics was done by varying the horizontal and vertical diffusion coefficients independently.
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Trolle, Dennis. "The influence of sediment nutrient dynamics on the response of lake ecosystems to restoration and climate change." The University of Waikato, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10289/2808.
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Human activities such as urban settlement, farming, forestry and recreation, have caused deterioration of water quality in many freshwater lakes worldwide. Apart from anthropogenic impacts, it is also recognized that climate has a direct influence on lake water temperature, nutrient loads, phytoplankton abundance and chemistry. However, little is known about the potential effects of future climate change on lake water quality. Understanding the dynamics, abundance and availability of nutrient pools in lake bottom sediments is fundamentally important for predicting how, and over what time-scales, lake ecosystems will respond to future scenarios such as climate change, in-lake restoration or altered external nutrient loading. Through a sediment field study on 14 different lakes, and applications of complex lake ecosystem models to three New Zealand lakes, this study examined the spatial and temporal dynamics of sediment nutrient concentrations, and made considerations of the effects of restoration measures and future climate change on lake water quality. To gain insight into processes influencing the dynamics of horizontal and vertical gradients of sediment nutrient concentrations, intact sediment cores were collected from twelve lakes within the Bay of Plenty province, North Island of New Zealand. In addition, intact sediment cores were collected from shallow Lake Te Waihora (Ellesmere) in the Canterbury province, South Island of New Zealand and shallow Lake Taihu in the Jaingsu province, China. The observed vertical concentration profiles of total phosphorus (TP) in the sediments revealed that the shape of these profiles can be similar across gradients of widely differing trophic status. Empirical and mechanistic steady state profile models were derived to describe the vertical distribution of total carbon (TC), total nitrogen (TN) and TP concentrations in the sediments. These models revealed that density-driven burial and biodiffusive mixing, which in the models also includes effects of redox-driven gradients, are strongly correlated with vertical gradients of sediment TC, TN and TP content, whereas lake trophic status was not. Despite enhancing knowledge of the processes influencing vertical gradients of sediment nutrient concentrations, little is known about the rates at which sediment nutrient concentrations may change as a response to changes in external loading or climate. Studies into the composition of bottom sediments have been undertaken intermittently over the past three decades for the 12 lakes in the Bay of Plenty. These studies, together with the data collected in this study, were used to quantify temporal changes in sediment chemistry across the lakes. Comparison of the data collected in this study with results from a survey in 1995 showed that surficial sediment (0-2 cm) TP concentrations have increased in three of the 12 lakes, at rates ranging from 27.5 to 114.4 mg P kg-1 dry wt yr-1. TN concentrations in surficial sediments have increased in nine of the 12 lakes at rates ranging from 51.8 to 869.2 mg N kg-1 dry wt yr-1. A correlation analysis revealed that temporal changes in sediment TP and TN concentrations were not significantly linearly related (pgt0.05) to catchment area or temporal changes of different water column indices considered to reflect lake trophic state, including annual mean water column concentrations of TP, TN or chlorophyll a (Chl a). While vertical profiles of sediment nutrient concentrations can be used to provide information about historical changes of trophic status in lakes, little is known about horizontal variability of sediment nutrient concentrations, including possibly relationships with horizontal variations in water column variables. In the large, shallow and eutrophic Lake Taihu, China, there are distinct horizontal water column concentration gradients of nutrients and Chl a. Concentrations are generally high in the north, where some of the major polluted tributaries enter the lake, and relatively low in the south, where macrophytes generally are abundant. To test whether these water column concentration gradients are similarly reflected in spatial heterogeneity of nutrient concentrations within the bottom sediments of Lake Taihu, I examined correlations between concentrations of TP and TN in surficial sediments (0-2 cm) and TP, TN and Chl a concentrations in water column samples determined for 32 sites in 2005. Linear correlation analysis revealed that surficial sediment TP concentrations across the 32 stations were related significantly, though weakly, to annual mean water column concentrations of TP and TN as well as Chl a. Correlations of surficial sediment TN with water column variables were, however, not significant (p gt 0.05). To better understand the effects of future climate change on lakes of different trophic status, I applied the one-dimensional lake ecosystem model, DYRESM-CAEDYM, to oligo-mesotrophic Lake Okareka, eutrophic Lake Rotoehu and highly eutrophic Lake Te Waihora. All three models were calibrated based on a three-year period (July 2002 - June 2005) and validated on a separate two-year period (July 2005 - June 2007). The model simulations generally showed good agreement with observed data for temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), and total nutrient and Chl a concentrations. To represent a possible future climate of 2100, temperature predictions were derived from the regional climate model, DARLAM, based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) A2 scenario, which suggests that air temperatures by the year 2100 will increase by an average of 2.5 'C and 2.7 'C for the Bay of Plenty and the Canterbury province, respectively, relative to the base scenario (years 2002-2007). Model simulations of the future climate scenarios indicate that climatic changes generally will lead to a degradation of lake water quality in all three lakes, especially during summer months, and further suggest that the effects on annual mean surface concentrations of TP, TN and Chl a will be equivalent to an increase in external TN and TP loading by 25-50%. Simulations for Lake Rotoehu, where diatoms and cyanophytes were represented in the conceptual model, further suggest that cyanophytes will be more abundant in the future, increasing by gt15% in annual mean biomass. Although the effects of climate change may be delayed or slightly mediated by the chemical resilience of the sediment nutrient pools, the effects of climate change on lake water quality in the New Zealand lakes will be of a magnitude that should be considered as management strategies are planned and implemented, thus increasing the probability of successful preservation or improvement in water quality in future decades.
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Svensson, Magnus. "Carbon dynamics in spruce forest ecosystems - modelling pools and trends for Swedish conditions." Doctoral thesis, Stockholm : Department of Real Estate and Construction Management, Royal Institute of Technology, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-4240.
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Kabir, Md Imran. "Dynamics of heavy metals in urban green water infrastructures." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14510.
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In urban environments, the breakdown of chemicals and pollutants, especially ions and metal compounds, can be favoured by Green Water Infrastructures (GWIs). If a better picture of chemicals and pollutants input and an improved understanding of hydrological and biogeochemical processes affecting these pollutants were known, GWIs could be designed to efficiently retain these pollutants for site-specific meteorological patterns and pollutant load. To fill in these gaps, the existing literature was surveyed to retrieve a comprehensive dataset of anions and heavy metal pollutants incoming to urban environments. The existing literature was then surveyed to review the metal retention efficiency, and hydrological- and metal biogeochemical- models of GWIs. Next, biogeochemical processes related to inorganic metal compounds were proposed to be integrated in biogeochemical models of GWIs. A deterministic model has been developed to describe the bulk breakdown rate, accumulation and leaching of Cu, Pb, and Zn in GWIs. The model describes aqueous complexation, mineral adsorption and kinetic methylation of those metals, and has been tested against experimental hydrographs and pollutographs of a GWI (a stormwater biofilter in Monash University) over a period of 100 days. Parameter calibration resulted in R2 98% and in NRMSE < 12% against cumulative effluent water and metal mass. The concentration of Cu and Pb was linearly correlated to the hydraulic conductivity, and equilibrium and kinetic rate constants, whereas Zn concentration was exponentially correlated to them; it was found that ± 20% change in these parameter values returned changes in Cu, Pb and Zn concentrations within about ± 52%, ± 45% and ± 96%, respectively. The maximum annual metal load in the outflow from the biofilter was observed for the rainfall combination with lowest frequency and highest intensity. This model can be effectively used to assist in designing biofilters and assessing their long-term performance.
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Karlsson, Olof Magnus. "Predicting Ecosystem Response from Pollution in Baltic Archipelago areas using Mass-balance Modelling." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Teknisk-naturvetenskapliga vetenskapsområdet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-144120.
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Baltic archipelago areas have high nature values despite being polluted from various antrophogenic activities within the Baltic Sea catchment area and from long-range transport of airborne substances. The discovery of environmental problems in the Baltic Sea in the 1960s led to countermeasures that gradually gave results in reducing the toxic pollution, e.g. from PCBs. Today, much of the environmental management is focused on reducing the effects of eutrophication. There is a demand from society on science to develop strategies that can direct remedial actions so that the cost-effectiveness is maximised. This work focuses on how mass-balance models can be used to understand how coastal ecosystems are controlled by abiotic processes and to predict the response to changes in loading of different substances. Advection, sedimentation and burial are examples of general transport processes that are regulated by morphometrical characteristics, e.g. size, form, effective fetch and topographical openness. This is why different coastal areas have different sensitivity to loading of pollutants. A comparison of six phosphorus and chlorophyll models of different complexity showed that the model performance was not improved with more state variables of total phosphorus (TP) than two water and two sediment compartments. Modelling chlorophyll as a separate state variable did not improve the results for individual values compared to a simple regression against total phosphorus in surface water. Field investigations of the phosphorus content in accumulation sediments along the coast of Svealand showed a distribution pattern that probably is related to differences in the redox status. The average content of mobile phosphorus was much higher than previously found in offshore Baltic sediments indicating that sediments may play an important role for the phosphorus turnover in Baltic archipelago areas. A one-year field study to measure the levels of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans (PCDD/Fs) in water, sediments and fish during different seasons was carried out in Kallrigafjärden Bay. The collected data set was used to test a mass-balance model for PCCD/F-turnover. It was possible to reproduce the concentrations of different PCDD/F-congeners with high accuracy using a general model approach, including one water compartment and two sediment compartments, indicating that the applied model has the necessary qualifications for successful predictions of PCDD/F-turnover in Baltic coastal areas.Felaktigt tryckt som Digital Comprehensive Summaries of Uppsala Dissertations from the Faculty of Science and Technology 736
Books on the topic "Dynamic ecosystem modelling"
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Jeffers, J. N. R. Practitioner's handbook on the modelling of dynamic change in ecosystems. Chichester [West Sussex]: Published on behalf of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment of the International Council of Scientific Unions by Wiley, 1988.
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Jeffers, J. N. R. Practitioners handbook on the modelling of dynamic change in ecosystems. Chichester: Published on behalf of the Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE) of the International Council of Scientific Unions (ICSU) by Wiley, 1988.
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J, Franke, and Roeder A, eds. Mathematical modelling of forest ecosystems: Proceedings of a workshop organized by Forstliche Versuchsanstalt Rheinland-Pfalz and Zentrum für Praktische Mathematik, Lambrecht/Pfalz, May 27-31, 1991. [Frankfurt?]: J.D. Sauerländer's Verlag Frankfurt am Main, 1992.
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Sawy, Omar A. El, and Francis Pereira. Business Modelling in the Dynamic Digital Space: An Ecosystem Approach. Springer, 2012.
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Sawy, Omar A. El, and Francis Pereira. Business Modelling in the Dynamic Digital Space: An Ecosystem Approach. Springer London, Limited, 2012.
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Business Modelling In The Dynamic Digital Space An Ecosystem Approach. Springer, 2012.
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Spatial Pattern Dynamics in Aquatic Ecosystem Modelling. Routledge, 2009.
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Li, Hong. Spatial Pattern Dynamics in Aquatic Ecosystem Modelling: UNESCO-IHE PhD Thesis. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.
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Spatial Pattern Dynamics in Aquatic Ecosystem Modelling: UNESCO-IHE PhD Thesis. CRC Press LLC, 2012.
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Finney, Mark, Sara McAllister, Torben Grumstrup, and Jason Forthofer. Wildland Fire Behaviour. CSIRO Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/9781486309092.
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Wildland fires have an irreplaceable role in sustaining many of our forests, shrublands and grasslands. They can be used as controlled burns or occur as free-burning wildfires, and can sometimes be dangerous and destructive to fauna, human communities and natural resources. Through scientific understanding of their behaviour, we can develop the tools to reliably use and manage fires across landscapes in ways that are compatible with the constraints of modern society while benefiting the ecosystems.
The science of wildland fire is incomplete, however. Even the simplest fire behaviours – how fast they spread, how long they burn and how large they get – arise from a dynamical system of physical processes interacting in unexplored ways with heterogeneous biological, ecological and meteorological factors across many scales of time and space. The physics of heat transfer, combustion and ignition, for example, operate in all fires at millimetre and millisecond scales but wildfires can become conflagrations that burn for months and exceed millions of hectares.
Wildland Fire Behaviour: Dynamics, Principles and Processes examines what is known and unknown about wildfire behaviours. The authors introduce fire as a dynamical system along with traditional steady-state concepts. They then break down the system into its primary physical components, describe how they depend upon environmental factors, and explore system dynamics by constructing and exercising a nonlinear model. The limits of modelling and knowledge are discussed throughout but emphasised by review of large fire behaviours. Advancing knowledge of fire behaviours will require a multidisciplinary approach and rely on quality measurements from experimental research, as covered in the final chapters.
Book chapters on the topic "Dynamic ecosystem modelling"
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Hettelingh, J. P., and M. Posch. "Critical Loads and a Dynamic Assessment of Ecosystem Recovery." In Predictability and Nonlinear Modelling in Natural Sciences and Economics, 439–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0962-8_37.
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Jopp, Fred, and Donald L. DeAngelis. "Modelling the Everglades Ecosystem." In Modelling Complex Ecological Dynamics, 291–300. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-05029-9_21.
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Guichard, Frederic, and Justin Marleau. "Introduction: General Ecosystem Dynamics." In Lecture Notes on Mathematical Modelling in the Life Sciences, 1–10. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83454-8_1.
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Guichard, Frederic, and Justin Marleau. "Nonlinear Meta-Ecosystem Dynamics." In Lecture Notes on Mathematical Modelling in the Life Sciences, 29–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83454-8_3.
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Cerdà, Artemi, Antonio Giménez-Morera, Antonio Jordan, Paulo Pereira, Agata Novara, Saskia Keesstra, Jorge Mataix-Solera, and José Damián Ruiz Sinoga. "Shrubland as a soil and water conservation agent in Mediterranean-type ecosystems." In Monitoring and Modelling Dynamic Environments, 45–59. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118649596.ch3.
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Prodon, R. "Animal Communities and Vegetation Dynamics: Measuring and Modelling Animal Community Dynamics Along Forest Successions." In Responses of Forest Ecosystems to Environmental Changes, 126–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2866-7_13.
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Rodríguez-Zaragoza, Fabián Alejandro, and Marco Ortiz. "Macroscopic Network Properties and Spatially-Explicit Dynamic Model of the Banco Chinchorro Biosphere Reserve Coral Reef (Caribbean Sea) for the Assessment of Harvest Scenarios." In Marine Coastal Ecosystems Modelling and Conservation, 163–77. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58211-1_8.
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Bogner, Christina, Britta Aufgebauer, Oliver Archner, and Bernd Huwe. "Dynamics of Water Flow in a Forest Soil: Visualization and Modelling." In Energy and Matter Fluxes of a Spruce Forest Ecosystem, 137–56. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-49389-3_7.
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Clarke, Peter J. "The population dynamics of the mangrove Avicennia marina; demographic synthesis and predictive modelling." In Asia-Pacific Symposium on Mangrove Ecosystems, 83–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0289-6_11.
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Tangi, Marco. "Dynamic Sediment Connectivity Modelling for Strategic River Basin Planning." In Special Topics in Information Technology, 27–37. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-15374-7_3.
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AbstractSediment connectivity is a distributed property of river systems that emerges from the connected transfer of sediment between multiple sources and sinks. Its disruption, brought by anthropic disturbances, can have severe and unforeseen consequences on both fluvial ecosystems and human livelihood. Modeling network-scale sediment connectivity provides a foundational understanding of river processes and their response to new pressures and can be used to forecast future system evolutions. In this chapter, we present the basin-scale, dynamic sediment connectivity model D-CASCADE (Dynamic CAtchment Sediment Connectivity And DElivery), which quantifies spatiotemporal patterns of sediment delivery in river networks. D-CASCADE considers multiple factors affecting transport, including heterogeneities in hydrology and sediment supply, different grain sizes, channel morphological evolution, and reservoir presence and management. The model is designed to be flexible, data parsimonious, and computationally efficient. We also present two applications of D-CASCADE in real-world case studies for historic geomorphic evolution reconstruction and future dam impacts forecasting. D-CASCADE is intended for integrated, basin-scale water management efforts, to perform multiple screening of various decision portfolios for hydromorphological impact assessments.
Conference papers on the topic "Dynamic ecosystem modelling"
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Gan Yi, Qi Congqian, Zhang Jingfeng, and Chen Sa. "Studies on the modelling of the regional networked manufacturing enterprise dynamic alliance based on the ant ecosystem." In International Technology and Innovation Conference 2006 (ITIC 2006). IEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20060985.
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Kumar, Ayush, Vishal Rathore, and K. B. Yadav. "MODELING AND SIMULATION OF DYNAMIC WIRELESS POWER TRANSFER TECHNIQUE FOR ELECTRIC VEHICLES." In TOPICS IN INTELLIGENT COMPUTING AND INDUSTRY DESIGN (ICID). VOLKSON PRESS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/icpesd.01.2022.73.77.
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Creating a green and sustainable ecosystem needs to reduce carbon emissions from our plane, this may possible by reducing the usage of fossil fuel-powered vehicles and moving towards electric vehicles (EVs). EVs can be charged either in stationary mode or dynamic mode. By the static charging mode, fully charged EVs can’t travel too far. To extend its range, it will need more batteries. EVs have the possibility of using dynamic wireless charging to enhance their range and minimize the necessity of large battery packs. This paper reviewed a comparison of the different WPT techniques, transmitter coil designing for the dynamic wireless power transfer (DWPT). The air gap between the transmitter coil and receiver coil is responsible for the variation in coupling coefficient and also for the mutual inductance, which is represented. When the EV is in motion on the transmitter track then the EV’s speed and misalignment affect the DWPT system, which is also reviewed. This paper included Modelling and simulation of dynamic wireless power transfer in MATLAB/SIMULINK work and power transfer calculation for EV with 10KWh battery pack in the dynamic condition are also represented.
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Kitazawa, Daisuke, and Piet Ruardij. "Modelling of Competition for Space and Food Among Mussels Under a Coastal Floating Platform." In ASME 2005 24th International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2005-67397.
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A competition model among mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) was developed to predict the environmental impacts of mussels under a coastal floating platform, which is called Mega-Float. The model describes the dynamics of mussels as controlled by competition for space and food availability. The model consists of a physiological growth submodel based on the Dynamic Energy Budget (DEB) model and a competition submodel for space and food. First, the parameter values in the physiological submodel are calibrated by using observations on growth of mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) cultivated in the north-west coast of Spain. Then the competition submodel for space and food among mussels is described as a function of the mussel density, and is calibrated by using observations on time variation in the population number of the mussels on the cultivation ropes. The population number of mussels starts with 5,000 individuals per meter and some mussels are shoved to the inner layer of the mussel bank as mussels grow. This undoubtedly leads to food shortage and starvation for them due to their unfavorable position. As a result, some mussels are starved to death and about half of the remaining mussels are inactive in the inner layer of the mussel bank. The competition model can predict well the decrease in the population number of mussels at the cultivation ropes. Finally, the competition model is combined with three-dimensional marine ecosystem model and numerical simulation is conducted to predict the growth of the mussel bank on the under-surface of an imaginary Mega-Float, which is anchored in the head of Tokyo Bay. It was revealed that about two-thirds of mussels are inactive in the inner layer of the mussel bank and do not contribute to food ingestion rate of the mussel bank.
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JAVA, Oskars. "SIGNIFICANCE OF THINNING DEGRADED SWAMPS FOREST STANDS IN SUSTAINABLE ECOSYSTEM`S DEVELOPMENT." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.104.
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In scope of biodiversity and sustainable ecosystem development swamps ecosystem restoration is important, because by eradicating the effect of drainage in swamps, negative impact on adjacent intact or relatively intact raised swamps and hydrological regime of other wetlands is lowered. Tree cutting in degraded swamps forest stands would speed up restoration of ecosystems disturbed hydrological regime. Habitat conservation value in long-term is the same as for habitat 7110* Intact raised swamps, as in case of hydrological regime restoration, within time it will transform into 7110*. Several specially protected plant species can be found only in raised swamps. Tree stand transpiration volume varies depending on air temperature and solar radiation. Since in reality it is impossible to change air temperature or solar radiation in order to increase the groundwater level in a swamp, we can reduce the leaf area index (LAI) which is the most significant value influencing transpiration by cutting down trees. Aim of this paper is to examine how LAI interacts with groundwater level by using system dynamics swamps ecosystem model. Swamps ecosystem model shows correlation between LAI and groundwater level. As a result of this research author observes, that LAI interacts groundwater level and system dynamics modelling could be useful to calculate degraded swamps forest stands thinning intensity through mathematical relationships.
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"The population dynamics of ecosystem engineers and habitat modification." In 24th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2021.f3.watt2.
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"An agent-based integrated model of recreational fishing and coral reef ecosystem dynamics for site closure strategy analysis." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.h3.gao.
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"The influence of temperature and ecosystem dynamics on the partitioning of a Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP) in Antarctic marine food webs." In 19th International Congress on Modelling and Simulation. Modelling and Simulation Society of Australia and New Zealand (MSSANZ), Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.36334/modsim.2011.e5.cropp.
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Tinnerholm, John, Mariano Zapatero, Adrian Pop, Peter Fritzson, and Rodrigo Castro. "A Semi-Automatic Translator from System Dynamics to Modelica with Application to Socio-Bio-Physical Systems." In 64th International Conference of Scandinavian Simulation Society, SIMS 2023 Västerås, Sweden, September 25-28, 2023. Linköping University Electronic Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/ecp200039.
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System Dynamics is a modelling paradigm that has been applied to a wide range of systems, from economic to physical and from managerial to ecological. The main strength of the paradigm is its ease of use. A System Dynamics modeller does not need to focus on equations; instead, models are expressed in terms of stocks and flows. Modelica, on the other hand, is an equation-based modelling language capable of multi-domain modelling using equations. It gives the user more freedom but requires more mathematical focus and skills. Therefore, a unification of equation-based modelling and the System Dynamics paradigm is seen as highly beneficial. Advantages include the ability for System Dynamics modellers to use the tools available in the Modelica ecosystem. Furthermore, it allows the integration of System Dynamics models into Modelica models. To achieve this goal, we developed an XMILE-to-Modelica translator that maps System Dynamics models represented in the XMILE standard exchange format to Modelica models. We also applied a Modelica-to-Julia translator to demonstrate the generality of the approach.We translated several models to test the correctness of the translator. In particular, the Earth System Climate Interpretable Model (ESCIMO) was translated from its original version in the Vensim toolkit into the OpenModelica toolkit, and a correct validation was obtained by comparing simulation results between simulators. Our work improves tool interoperability and further demonstrates the feasibility of using Modelica as a unified, standard language to integrate models created using System Dynamics, including large and complex socio-biophysical systems.
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Rodriguez Casamayor, Adriana, Sibylle Hermann, Hans Nopper, and Thomas Lück. "Redefining SME Cooperation to Foster a Value-creation-oriented Approach and Propel Forward Cutting-edge AM Services in the Medical Market." In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003133.
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Multi-actor collaboration in business ecosystems has gained importance over the years, not just in research and literature, but also in practice with enterprises veering towards service-oriented value creation to benefit from the competitive advantage it offers for each of the partners in the system. However, in order to harness the potential gains that are implicit in these new ecosystems, SMEs are challenged to develop new strategies to become part of a larger, more complex and dynamic community of co-operating and competing entities that encompasses specialists of different fields with multiple competences and skills, and to influence the building of new governance rules to guarantee their success. This paper depicts the value-creation-oriented approach of a German SME in the field of additive manufacturing (AM) to find its role and establish itself as reliable and valuable player within new multi-actor alliances with the aim of positioning innovative customized products in the medical market. The company’s motivation to reposition itself is driven by an underlying interest of changing the dependence on the existing traditional supply chain structures and promoting its contribution to innovation in the AM branch regarding “production as a service”. Therefore, the firm is willing to contribute to, explore and exploit new methods and procedures to model and simulate various value creation systems in order to support the strategic and operative decision-making in the context of the SME’s reality. For this purpose, three different use cases are considered for analysis: 3D-printed phantoms as visual models, realistic organ phantoms for the surgical training of surgeons, and orthoses and prostheses. The modelling of these three cases, along with further elements and scientific procedures currently under development, set the grounds for a research project in which the SME participates. The first stage of the analysis examines the competitive strengths of the company, such as the potential of the cutting-edge products and services, the processes and technical requirements; and outlines their (dis)advantages compared to similar offers currently available on the market, which with they compete. The second stage offers an insight on the multi-actor constellation in each of the three use cases while deciphering the synergies between actors, resources and processes and how they are intertwined. This phase lays the foundation for understanding not just the roles of the SME and of the other participants, but also the transfer mechanisms (flows of information, material or money) within the complex structures of the business ecosystems. The third stage deals with the SME’s strategies to reposition itself and the risks that it entails. The modelling allows the comparison of boundaries, necessary transitions and their related risks across all use cases. It also identifies the key challenges the SME has to overcome to build up its multi-actor skills on the path to establish new innovative service-oriented forms of value creation. This article offers some insights into the ongoing process of modelling and simulation of innovative ideas, as well as of the perceived value-in-use of the effort to contribute to the methodological development. It also includes a briefly description of the state of the art in the AM branch and of the SME’s core competencies in the medical field that allows for contextualization.
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Nazarenko, Volodymyr, Andrii Martyn, Larisa Klikh, and Oksana Pashchenko. "Green metrics: internet of things based ecological monitoring and management for sustainable urban living in Kyiv." In 25th International Scientific Conference. “Economic Science for Rural Development 2024”, 220–30. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Economics and Social Development, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/esrd.2024.58.022.
Full textAbstract:
Given the importance of the ecological component as part of the Internet of Things (IoT) green city platform, it is necessary to constantly monitor the ecological situation in the cities and sub-urban areas. The Kyiv city (Ukraine) has been chosen as a test subject for the study. As a part of sustainability process management systems, we focused on modelling and analysis of the green city service systems. Objective of the study is to research and compare various economic and ecological data from large cities; outline the scope of the green city model that is used for web service design, which is part of larger internet of things sustainable information system platform. The following categories of data had been processed, but not limited to the total cost of the system, the total loss of a natural resource, the amount of investment in restoration or maintenance, the cost of natural materials, oxygen supply, the price of conversion for the exploitation or destruction of a natural resource, land prices dynamics, the tax on the restoration of the territory, the total economic benefit from the territory and the volume of CO2 emissions. Green City e-service platform has been constructed to enable the users to calculate the net cost, losses associated with natural resources available, and replenishment costs, both per unit of area and per unit of time. One of the most important outcomes of the service presented in this paper is the correlation between the urbanization processes (the increase in pollution, densification of buildings, the formation of agglomerations, new transportation, and infrastructure development) and their impact on the overall state of local ecosystems. The presented process management and monitoring service can further be enhanced to create a dynamic forecasting and situational assessment system as part of a green city management platform.
Reports on the topic "Dynamic ecosystem modelling"
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Perdigão, Rui A. P. Strengthening Multi-Hazard Resilience with Quantum Aerospace Systems Intelligence. Synergistic Manifolds, January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/240301.
Full textAbstract:
The present work further enhances and deploys our Quantum Aerospace Systems Intelligence technologies (DOI: 10.46337/quasi.230901) onto Multi-Hazard risk assessment and action, from sensing and prediction to modelling, decision support and active response, towards strengthening its fundamental knowledge, awareness and resilience in the face of multi-domain challenges. Moreover, it introduces our updated post-quantum aerospace engineering ecosystem for empowering active system dynamic capabilities to mitigate or even counter multi-hazard threats from space, leveraging our high energy technological physics solutions acting across coevolutionary space-times. These developments are further articulated with our latest Synergistic Nonlinear Quantum Wave Intelligence Networks suite of technologies (DOI: 10.46337/240118), vastly extending the operational capabilities of novel quantum and post-quantum systems to critically adverse thermodynamic conditions e.g. those pertaining situational action across real-world environmental and security theaters of operation.
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Verburg, Peter H., Žiga Malek, Sean P. Goodwin, and Cecilia Zagaria. The Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform: IEEM Platform Technical Guides: User Guide for the IEEM-enhanced Land Use Land Cover Change Model Dyna-CLUE. Inter-American Development Bank, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003625.
Full textAbstract:
The Conversion of Land Use and its Effects modeling framework (CLUE) was developed to simulate land use change using empirically quantified relations between land use and its driving factors in combination with dynamic modeling of competition between land use types. Being one of the most widely used spatial land use models, CLUE has been applied all over the world on different scales. In this document, we demonstrate how the model can be used to develop a multi-regional application. This means, that instead of developing numerous individual models, the user only prepares one CLUE model application, which then allocates land use change across different regions. This facilitates integration with the Integrated Economic-Environmental Modeling (IEEM) Platform for subnational assessments and increases the efficiency of the IEEM and Ecosystem Services Modeling (IEEMESM) workflow. Multi-regional modelling is particularly useful in larger and diverse countries, where we can expect different spatial distributions in land use changes in different regions: regions of different levels of achieved socio-economic development, regions with different topographies (flat vs. mountainous), or different climatic regions (dry vs humid) within a same country. Accounting for such regional differences also facilitates developing ecosystem services models that consider region specific biophysical characteristics. This manual, and the data that is provided with it, demonstrates multi-regional land use change modeling using the country of Colombia as an example. The user will learn how to prepare the data for the model application, and how the multi-regional run differs from a single-region simulation.
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Taucher, Jan, and Markus Schartau. Report on parameterizing seasonal response patterns in primary- and net community production to ocean alkalinization. OceanNETs, November 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d5.2.
Full textAbstract:
We applied a 1-D plankton ecosystem-biogeochemical model to assess the impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) on seasonal changes in biogeochemistry and plankton dynamics. Depending on deployment scenarios, OAE should theoretically have variable effects on pH and seawater pCO2, which might in turn affect (a) plankton growth conditions and (b) the efficiency of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via OAE. Thus, a major focus of our work is how different magnitudes and temporal frequencies of OAE might affect seasonal response patterns of net primary productivity (NPP), ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. With our study we aimed at identifying a parameterization of how magnitude and frequency of OAE affect net growth rates, so that these effects could be employed for Earth System Modell applications. So far we learned that a meaningful response parameterization has to resolve positive and negative anomalies that covary with temporal shifts. As to the intricacy of the response patterns, the derivation of such parameterization is work in progress. However, our study readily provides valuable insights to how OAE can alter plankton dynamics and biogeochemistry. Our modelling study first focuses at a local site where time series data are available (European Station for Time series in the Ocean Canary Islands ESTOC), including measurements of pH, concentrations of total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), chlorophyll-a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). These observational data were made available by Andres Cianca (personal communication, PLOCAN, Spain), Melchor Gonzalez and Magdalena Santana Casiano (personal communication, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria). The choice of this location was underpinned by the fact that the first OAE mesocosm experiment was conducted on the Canary Island Gran Canaria, which will facilitate synthesizing our modelling approach with experimental findings. For our simulations at the ESTOC site in the Subtropical North Atlantic we found distinct, non-linear responses of NPP to different temporal modes of alkalinity deployment. In particular, phytoplankton bloom patterns displayed pronounced temporal phase shifts and changes in their amplitude. Notably, our simulations suggest that OAE can have a slightly stimulating effect on NPP, which is however variable, depending on the magnitude of OAE and the temporal mode of alkalinity addition. Furthermore, we find that increasing alkalinity perturbations can lead to a shift in phytoplankton community composition (towards coccolithophores), which even persists after OAE has stopped. In terms of CDR, we found that a decrease in efficiency with increasing magnitude of alkalinity addition, as well as substantial differences related to the timing of addition. Altogether, our results suggest that annual OAE during the right season (i.e. physical and biological conditions), could be a reasonable compromise in terms of logistical feasibility, efficiency of CDR and side-effects on marine biota. With respect to transferability to global models, the complex, non-linear responses of biological processes to OAE identified in our simulations do not allow for simple parameterizations that can easily adapted. Dedicated future work is required to transfer the observed responses at small spatiotemporal scales to the coarser resolution of global models.
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Taucher, Jan, and Markus Schartau. Report on parameterizing seasonal response patterns in primary- and net community production to ocean alkalinization. OceanNETs, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3289/oceannets_d5.3.
Full textAbstract:
We applied a 1-D plankton ecosystem-biogeochemical model to assess the impacts of ocean alkalinity enhancement (OAE) on seasonal changes in biogeochemistry and plankton dynamics. Depending on deployment scenarios, OAE should theoretically have variable effects on pH and seawater pCO2, which might in turn affect (a) plankton growth conditions and (b) the efficiency of carbon dioxide removal (CDR) via OAE. Thus, a major focus of our work is how different magnitudes and temporal frequencies of OAE might affect seasonal response patterns of net primary productivity (NPP), ecosystem functioning and biogeochemical cycling. With our study we aimed at identifying a parameterization of how magnitude and frequency of OAE affect net growth rates, so that these effects could be employed for Earth System Modell applications. So far we learned that a meaningful response parameterization has to resolve positive and negative anomalies that covary with temporal shifts. As to the intricacy of the response patterns, the derivation of such parameterization is work in progress. However, our study readily provides valuable insights to how OAE can alter plankton dynamics and biogeochemistry. Our modelling study first focuses at a local site where time series data are available (European Station for Time series in the Ocean Canary Islands ESTOC), including measurements of pH, concentrations of total alkalinity, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC), chlorophyll-a and dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN). These observational data were made available by Andres Cianca (personal communication, PLOCAN, Spain), Melchor Gonzalez and Magdalena Santana Casiano (personal communication, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria). The choice of this location was underpinned by the fact that the first OAE mesocosm experiment was conducted on the Canary Island Gran Canaria, which will facilitate synthesizing our modelling approach with experimental findings. For our simulations at the ESTOC site in the Subtropical North Atlantic we found distinct, non-linear responses of NPP to different temporal modes of alkalinity deployment. In particular, phytoplankton bloom patterns displayed pronounced temporal phase shifts and changes in their amplitude. Notably, our simulations suggest that OAE can have a slightly stimulating effect on NPP, which is however variable, depending on the magnitude of OAE and the temporal mode of alkalinity addition. Furthermore, we find that increasing alkalinity perturbations can lead to a shift in phytoplankton community composition (towards coccolithophores), which even persists after OAE has stopped. In terms of CDR, we found that a decrease in efficiency with increasing magnitude of alkalinity addition, as well as substantial differences related to the timing of addition. Altogether, our results suggest that annual OAE during the right season (i.e. physical and biological conditions), could be a reasonable compromise in terms of logistical feasibility, efficiency of CDR and side-effects on marine biota. With respect to transferability to global models, the complex, non-linear responses of biological processes to OAE identified in our simulations do not allow for simple parameterizations that can easily adapted. Dedicated future work is required to transfer the observed responses at small spatiotemporal scales to the coarser resolution of global models.