Academic literature on the topic 'Dynamic discrete choice experiments'

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Journal articles on the topic "Dynamic discrete choice experiments"

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Working, Amanda, Mohammed Alqawba, and Norou Diawara. "Dynamic Attribute-Level Best Worst Discrete Choice Experiments." International Journal of Marketing Studies 11, no. 2 (May 23, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v11n2p1.

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Dynamic modelling of decision maker choice behavior of best and worst in discrete choice experiments (DCEs) has numerous applications. Such models are proposed under utility function of decision maker and are used in many areas including social sciences, health economics, transportation research, and health systems research. After reviewing references on the study of such experiments, we present example in DCE with emphasis on time dependent best-worst choice and discrimination between choice attributes. Numerical examples of the dynamic DCEs are simulated, and the associated expected utilities over time of the choice models are derived using Markov decision processes. The estimates are computationally consistent with decision choices over time.
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Cui, Jing, and Patrik Haslum. "Dynamic Controllability of Controllable Conditional Temporal Problems with Uncertainty." Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research 64 (February 28, 2019): 445–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1613/jair.1.11375.

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Dynamic Controllability (DC) of a Simple Temporal Problem with Uncertainty (STPU) uses a dynamic decision strategy, rather than a fixed schedule, to tackle temporal uncertainty. We extend this concept to the Controllable Conditional Temporal Problem with Uncertainty (CCTPU), which extends the STPU by conditioning temporal constraints on the assignment of controllable discrete variables. We define dynamic controllability of a CCTPU as the existence of a strategy that decides on both the values of discrete choice variables and the scheduling of controllable time points dynamically. This contrasts with previous work, which made a static assignment of choice variables and dynamic decisions over time points only. We propose an algorithm to find such a fully dynamic strategy. The algorithm computes the "envelope" of outcomes of temporal uncertainty in which a particular assignment of discrete variables is feasible, and aggregates these over all choices. When an aggregated envelope covers all uncertain situations of the CCTPU, the problem is dynamically controllable. However, the algorithm is complete only under certain assumptions. Experiments on an existing set of CCTPU benchmarks show that there are cases in which making both discrete and temporal decisions dynamically it is feasible to satisfy the problem constraints while assigning the discrete variables statically it is not.
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Cui, Jing, and Patrik Haslum. "Dynamic Controllability of Controllable Conditional Temporal Problems with Uncertainty." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 27 (June 5, 2017): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v27i1.13820.

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Dynamic Controllability (DC) of a Simple Temporal Problem with Uncertainty (STPU) uses a dynamic decision strategy, rather than a fixed schedule, to tackle temporal uncertainty. We extend this concept to the Controllable Conditional Temporal Problem with Uncertainty (CCTPU), which extends the STPU by conditioning temporal constraints on the assignment of controllable discrete variables. We define dynamic controllability of a CCTPU as the existence of a strategy that decides on both the values of discrete choice variables and the scheduling of controllable time points dynamically. This contrasts with previous work, which made a static assignment of choice variables and dynamic decisions over time points only. We propose an algorithm to find such a fully dynamic strategy. The algorithm computes the ''envelope'' of outcomes of temporal uncertainty in which a particular assignment of discrete variables is feasible, and aggregates these over all choices. When an aggregated envelope covers all uncertain situations of the CCTPU, the problem is dynamically controllable. However, the algorithm is not complete. Experiments on an existing set of CCTPU benchmarks show that there are cases in which making both discrete and temporal decisions dynamically it is feasible to satisfy the problem constraints, while assigning the discrete variables statically it is not.
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Oh, Jun-Seok, Cristián E. Cortés, and Will Recker. "Effects of Less-Equilibrated Data on Travel Choice Model Estimation." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1831, no. 1 (January 2003): 131–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3141/1831-15.

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Most discrete choice models assume steady state conditions and a fully equilibrated system when estimating unknown coefficients from real-world data. However, the estimated model can be biased when the data set used for the model estimation was drawn from non- or less-equilibrated traveler behavior. The resulting biased model could lead to a misunderstanding of the system. Such effects on discrete choice model estimation were examined by performing Monte Carlo simulation experiments. A day-to-day dynamic evolutionary framework was used to observe changes in traveler’s choice and to compare the estimated results during the adjustment process with the true behavior parameters.
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Mai, Tien, and Arunesh Sinha. "Choices Are Not Independent: Stackelberg Security Games with Nested Quantal Response Models." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 36, no. 5 (June 28, 2022): 5141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v36i5.20448.

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The quantal response (QR) model is widely used in Stackelberg security games (SSG) to model a bounded rational adversary. The QR model is a model of human response from among a large variety of prominent models known as discrete choice models. QR is the simplest type of discrete choice models and does not capture commonly observed phenomenon such as correlation among choices. We introduce the nested QR adversary model (based on nested logit model in discrete choice theory) in SSG which addresses shortcoming of the QR model. We present tractable approximation of the resulting equilibrium problem with nested QR adversary. We do so by deriving an interesting property of the equilibrium problem, namely a loosely coupled split into nested problems that mirrors the nested decision making by the adversary in the nested QR model. We show that each separate nested problem can be approximated efficiently and that the loosely coupled overall problem can be solved approximately by formulating it as a discretized version of a continuous dynamic program. Finally, we conduct experiments that show the scalability and parallelizability of our approach, as well as advantages of the nested QR model.
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Chen, Lingjuan, Yu Wang, and Dongfang Ma. "A Dynamic Day-To-Day Departure Time and Route Choice Model for Bounded-Rational Individuals." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 7, 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6686843.

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Accurate prediction of travellers’ day-to-day departure time and route choice is critical in advanced traffic management systems. There have been several related works about route choice with the assumption that the departure time for individual travellers is known beforehand. With real-time traffic state information provided by navigation systems and previous historical experience, travellers will dynamically update their departure time, which is neglected in existing works. In this study, we aim to describe travellers’ spatial-temporary choice behaviour taking navigation information into account and propose a bounded-rational day-to-day dynamic learning and adjustment model. The new model contains three steps. First, the real-time navigation guidance on each discrete day is obtained, and the self-learned experience of travellers’ choices with navigation information is presented; then, the day-to-day revision process of the choices is derived to maximize departure and route choice prospect; next, by aggregating each individual’s behaviour and calculating route choice probability, a bounded-rational continuous day-to-day dynamic model is provided. Numerical experiments suggest that the proposed model converges to a spatial-temporal oscillating equilibrium not a fixed-point stable status, and the final equilibrium trend is different from classical user equilibrium. The findings of the study are helpful to improve the prediction accuracy of traffic state in urban street networks.
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Araña, Jorge E., and Carmelo J. León. "Dynamic hypothetical bias in discrete choice experiments: Evidence from measuring the impact of corporate social responsibility on consumers demand." Ecological Economics 87 (March 2013): 53–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolecon.2012.12.005.

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Nittas, Vasileios, Margot Mütsch, Julia Braun, and Milo Alan Puhan. "Self-Monitoring App Preferences for Sun Protection: Discrete Choice Experiment Survey Analysis." Journal of Medical Internet Research 22, no. 11 (November 27, 2020): e18889. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18889.

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Background The availability and use of health apps continues to increase, revolutionizing the way mobile health interventions are delivered. Apps are increasingly used to prevent disease, improve well-being, and promote healthy behavior. On a similar rise is the incidence of skin cancers. Much of the underlying risk can be prevented through behavior change and adequate sun protection. Self-monitoring apps have the potential to facilitate prevention by measuring risk (eg, sun intensity) and encouraging protective behavior (eg, seeking shade). Objective Our aim was to assess health care consumer preferences for sun protection with a self-monitoring app that tracks the duration and intensity of sun exposure and provides feedback on when and how to protect the skin. Methods We conducted an unlabeled discrete choice experiment with 8 unique choice tasks, in which participants chose among 2 app alternatives, consisting of 5 preidentified 2-level attributes (self-monitoring method, privacy control, data sharing with health care provides, reminder customizability, and costs) that were the result of a multistep and multistakeholder qualitative approach. Participant preferences, and thus, the relative importance of attributes and their levels were estimated using conditional logit modeling. Analyses consisted of 200 usable surveys, yielding 3196 observations. Results Our respondents strongly preferred automatic over manually operated self-monitoring (odds ratio [OR] 2.37, 95% CI 2.06-2.72) and no cost over a single payment of 3 Swiss francs (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.49-1.99). They also preferred having over not having the option of sharing their data with a health care provider of their choice (OR 1.66, 95% CI 1.40-1.97), repeated over single user consents, whenever app data are shared with commercial thirds (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.31-1.88), and customizable over noncustomizable reminders (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.09-1.54). While most participants favored thorough privacy infrastructures, the attribute of privacy control was a relatively weak driver of app choice. The attribute of self-monitoring method significantly interacted with gender and perceived personal usefulness of health apps, suggesting that female gender and lower perceived usefulness are associated with relatively weaker preferences for automatic self-monitoring. Conclusions Based on the preferences of our respondents, we found that the utility of a self-monitoring sun protection app can be increased if the app is simple and adjustable; requires minimal effort, time, or expense; and has an interoperable design and thorough privacy infrastructure. Similar features might be desirable for preventive health apps in other areas, paving the way for future discrete choice experiments. Nonetheless, to fully understand these preference dynamics, further qualitative or mixed method research on mobile self-monitoring-based sun protection and broader preventive mobile self-monitoring is required. International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.2196/16087
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Lee, Donghoon, Kunchul Hwang, Sangil Lee, and Won-young Yun. "An Application of Surrogate and Resampling for the Optimization of Success Probability from Binary-Response Type Simulation." Journal of the Korea Institute of Military Science and Technology 25, no. 4 (August 5, 2022): 412–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.9766/kimst.2022.25.4.412.

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Since traditional derivative-based optimization for noisy simulation shows bad performance, evolutionary algorithms are considered as substitutes. Especially in case when outputs are binary, more simulation trials are needed to get near-optimal solution since the outputs are discrete and have high and heterogeneous variance. In this paper, we propose a genetic algorithm called SARAGA which adopts dynamic resampling and fitness approximation using surrogate. SARAGA reduces unnecessary numbers of expensive simulations to estimate success probabilities estimated from binary simulation outputs. SARAGA allocates number of samples to each solution dynamically and sometimes approximates the fitness without additional expensive experiments. Experimental results show that this novel approach is effective and proper hyper parameter choice of surrogate and resampling can improve the performance of algorithm.
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Dyvak, Mykola, Oleksandr Papa, Andrii Melnyk, Andriy Pukas, Nataliya Porplytsya, and Artur Rot. "Interval Model of the Efficiency of the Functioning of Information Web Resources for Services on Ecological Expertise." Mathematics 8, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 2116. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8122116.

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Mathematical models of the efficiency dynamics of information web resources are considered in this paper. The application of interval discrete models in the form of difference equations is substantiated and the approach to estimation of the model parameters is proposed. The proposed approach is based on the artificial bee colony algorithm (ABCA). A number of experimental studies have been carried out based on data on the functioning of web resources related to environmental monitoring services. The indicator of an information web resource user’s activity has been investigated. Three cases of model building in the form of difference equations as interval discrete models (IDM) have been considered. They vary in the general kind of expression. As a result of the computational experiments, it is shown that the adequacy of a model depends on the expression of the difference equation. In the case of its incorrect choice, the proposed method of parameters’ identification may be ineffective. The obtained interval discrete model in the difference equation form, which describes the efficiency of a web resource, makes it possible to optimize business processes in an organization that uses this web resource, as well as optimally allocate organizational resources and the workload of employees of the administrative service center. Based on the conducted experiments, the efficiency of the proposed model’s application is confirmed.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dynamic discrete choice experiments"

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Meginnis, Keila. "Strategic bias in discrete choice experiments." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2018. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/strategic-bias-in-discrete-choice-experiments(1a1407ed-c026-4d27-b336-3dfc69dba8d9).html.

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This thesis investigates the problem of strategic bias in discrete choice experiments using three approaches: simulations, a laboratory experiment, and a field experiment. Carson et al. (2007) state that choice experiments must be seen as consequential by respondents in order to provide useful information about preferences. To meet this requirement, surveys must exhibit two characteristics. First, the survey must be seen as influencing the provision of the good/service and second, the respondent must care about that provision outcome. However, the notion that the survey must be consequential, may also induce respondents to misrepresent their preferences in order to influence the decision making process. This is known as strategic bias. Using simulations, laboratory experiments and field studies, this thesis will investigate strategic bias in discrete choice experiments. To do so, we must assume that the discrete choice experiment will be used to influence a provisioning decision. Strategic behaviour is conceptualised as changes in choice behaviour that occurs when respondents have information on the relative likelihood of the provision outcomes. This information causes changes in choice strategies. In Chapter 1 we create a simulated environment that replicates when respondents may have incentive to bias their choice strategies. We explore the ramifications of biased choices through simulations. In Chapter 2 we replicate that environment in an induced value laboratory experiment. We present respondents with three possible `provision' outcomes, each of which was defined in terms of levels of arbitrary attributes. Each possible provision outcome was associated with a monetary payout to the respondent, therefore we know a respondents preference ordering over the possible outcomes. The monetary payouts varied such that there was a clear ranking between possible outcomes, such that respondents had a first, second and worst provision outcome. Respondents then completed a discrete choice experiment (DCE) that would decide which provision outcome is paid out. A respondent's payout was determined by which of the competing provision outcomes had the highest choice probability, based on their individual choice behaviour. As this was an unlabelled choice experiment, participants had to use choice strategies based on attributes in order to influence the provision outcome they hoped would get paid out. To introduce strategic bias, respondents were given information on the likelihood of the provision contenders being implemented. This information would affect which provision outcome would be chosen and hence paid out. In this respect, a respondent has incentive to act strategically if they believe (i) their first best outcome will lose in the final provision decision; (ii) their worst outcome is most likely to be paid out; and (iii) their choices can influence the provision to deliver the second best outcome. Strategic respondents are therefore those who chose to target their second best outcome to avoid worst outcome, which respondents are told is the most likely. We find approximately 27% of respondents exhibit strategic behaviour in the laboratory choice experiment. In Chapter 3 we implement the approach in the field. We administered a choice experiment about tidal energy development in Puget Sound, Washington. Local opposition to tidal energy has been strong in the past, with no project ever coming to fruition. As a result, we envision respondents to have strong sentiments towards the location of tidal energy development and potentially have incentives to behave strategically when location is a factor in their decision making process. We presented respondents with three possible site locations for tidal energy development in Puget Sound. Respondents can use the choice experiment as a means to reveal which site location they prefer (if any). As this was an unlabelled experiment, respondents must use choice strategies based on the attributes of tidal development in order to reveal preference for location. In order to identify strategic behaviour, rather than simply differences in preferences, half way through the DCE, we provide respondents with additional information on the likelihood of each of the tidal energy sites being chosen. Respondents whose first best location is revealed as the site least likely to be chosen, may seek to secure their second best location. Strategic bias is when respondents are trying to push preference away from their worst location site, when the set of provision outcomes has gone from three to two possible sites. Despite the complexity of the task, there is evidence of behavioural changes when the final set of possible locations changes. We find that 25% of respondents exhibit signs of strategic behaviour. These respondents are more likely to 1) believe their survey responses will affect future policy; and, 2) prefer the site which was revealed to be the unlikely site location and thus have strong motive to push development away from their worst location, and towards a second best site.
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Sagebiel, Julian. "Valuing improvements in electricity supply using discrete choice experiments." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lebenswissenschaftliche Fakultät, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/17754.

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Um Strommärkte so zu konzipieren damit sie sowohl zur Verringerung der Nutzung fossiler Brennstoffe als auch zur Deckung des steigenden Energiebedarfes beitragen, ist Wissen über die Präferenzen der Konsumenten notwendig. Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertation untersucht Präferenzen für Elektrizitätsattribute von privaten Haushalten und trägt zu einem tieferen Verständnis dieser in unterschiedlichen Kontextsituationen bei. Der erste Artikel betrachtet statistische Methoden um die zwei am häufigsten angewandten Modelle – das Random Parameter Logit und das Latent Class Logit Modell – zu vergleichen. Der Artikel trägt dazu bei, den Prozess der Modellwahl zu verbessern und für die angewandte Forschung im Energiebereich anzupassen. Basierend auf den empirischen Ergebnissen des ersten Artikels untersucht der zweite Artikel die Präferenzen von privaten Haushalten in Hyderabad, Indien mit besonderem Fokus auf die physische Qualität der Energieversorgung. Die Ergebnisse deuten auf eine geringe Zahlungsbereitschaft der Konsumenten hin. Jedoch unterscheiden sich die Präferenzen der Haushalte. Die Artikel 3 und 4 basieren auf Datenerhebungen in Deutschland. Im dritten Artikel werden die Präferenzen privater Haushalte hinsichtlich der Organisationsform von Stromanbietern untersucht. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Kunden bereit sind mehr zu zahlen, wenn die Stromversorgung von Genossenschaften oder Stadtwerken übernommen wird. Der vierte Artikel betrachtet die Erfolgsfaktoren von Energiegenossenschaften in Deutschland. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass die Governance des Stromanbieters die Zahlungsbereitschaft für Strom beeinflussen. Insbesondere Genossenschaften werden den großen Privatunternehmen und Aktiengesellschaften vorgezogen.
In order to design electricity markets to simultaneously reduce the share of fossil fuels in energy production and meet the increasing demand for electricity, knowledge on consumer preferences is necessary. The goal of this cumulative dissertation is to contribute to the understanding of preferences of private households for electricity supply attributes in different contexts. In Paper 1 I review statistical methods to compare two frequently applied models, the random parameters logit and the latent class logit. The methods presented here can be readily used by other researchers and practitioners to better understand model performance which ultimately contributes to improving model choice in applied energy research. Based on the empirical findings of Paper 1, Paper 2 identifies preferences of private households in Hyderabad in India for electricity supply quality. The results indicate that willingness to pay for improvements are, on average, rather low. However, the preferences strongly vary between subjects. Papers 3 and 4 investigate preferences of German private households. In \textbf{Paper 3}, the respondents stated their preferences for the organization of the electricity distribution company under different renewable energy scenarios. It turned out that most people are willing to pay more for electricity supplied by municipally-owned companies and cooperatives. This additional willingness to pay increases disproportionally when the share of renewable energy is high. The paper identifies non-profit orientated distribution companies as potential drivers of the energy transition. Paper 4 investigates the determinants for the success of energy cooperatives in Germany. The results indicate that the governance of distribution companies impacts the choices of private households for electricity supply contracts. Especially, people preferred cooperative-like governance attributes.
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Norets, Andriy. "Bayesian inference in dynamic discrete choice models." Diss., University of Iowa, 2007. http://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/148.

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Sun, Fangfang. "On A-optimal Designs for Discrete Choice Experiments and Sensitivity Analysis for Computer Experiments." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345231162.

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Tinelli, Michela. "Developing and applying Discrete Choice Experiments (DCEs) to inform pharmacy policy." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.485814.

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Introduction. In the United Kingdom (UK), recent policy developments include an increased role for the community phannacist in the management of drug therapy in primary care. When embarking on such service redesign, it is recognised that. patient preferences must be considered. The quality adjusted life years (QALY) approach is the common economic approach ~o 1'. considering preferences in economic evaluations. However, it is limited to consideration of - ·only health outcomes. Other approaches widely used in health services research, such as · satisfaction surveys, do not find a place in the economic eval~tion framework because they' do not incorporate any notion of opportunity cost or strength of preference. Another measure of benefit is required to go beyond the scope of the QALY and pla~e a value on non-health outcomes (e.g. information, reassurance, regret, anxiety) and process attributes (e.g. waiting · time at the ~ealth care centre, staff involyed, waiting time for test res!llts), as well as estimate trade-offs between such aspects ofcare. . . One technique adopted over the past decade in health economics to go beyond health outcome is Discrete Choice Experiment (DCEs). This is an attribute-based technique for eliciting preferenc~s. ~en a price proxy is included, willingness to pay (WTP), a monetary measure of benefit, can be estimated for both marginal changes in service characteristics and changes in the overall service. Whilst the last 15 years has seen an increased uSe of DeEs in health care, there has been limited application in pharmacy. The Community Pharmacy Medicines Management Project (Medman study) constituted the perfect platfonn for this PhD thesis. It was a large, randomised, controlled trial (ReT) to evaluate the introduction of a pharmacy-led medicines management service for patients with 'cQronary- heart -disease-(CHD): It- allowed comparison of results between traditional outcome measures (such as clinical outcomes, QALYs and satisfaction) and a broader measure of benefit llsing the DCE. As well as considering the relevance of DCE ·to policy making, methodological issues in their development were also considered. Aim and ·objectives. The aims of this PhD programme are: to consider the implications of ..taking a .broader patient centred approach (which goes beyond he~th outcomes) to ev~luating ' . a proposed policy change in community pharmacy; and to develop' and apply the DCE '. ' ~ . methodology to pharmacy. The specific objectives ofthe thesis are: • to conduct a review ofthe literature relating to benefit evaluation and its application to the economic evaluation framework in pharmacy; ' • to apply traditional benefit evaluation approaches, including' clinical outcomes, - . QALYs and a satisfaction survey to a' pharmacy setting;. jI ' i .J I' • to develop an alternative approach, DCEs, to value benefits, looking at different design appr?ache~ \\,~en defining multiple choice· DCEs and addressing welfare . estimation issJles when.analysing the data; • to apply DCE to phaimacy within the Medman .study and to compare the results with _these ofclinical and QALY approaches within an economic evaluation framework; • to consider the impact on policy when different approaches are applied. Methods. A fully comprehensive review of the health care literature was conducted to . identify possible methods for valuing community pharmacy-based services and their integration into economic evaluation.
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McIntosh, Emma Sarah. "Using discrete choice experiments to value the benefits of health care." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401379.

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The aim of this thesis is to broaden work in the area of discrete choice experiments (DCEs) in health economics by focusing on the development of some key areas which have to date received relatively little attention.  By firstly outlining the background, theory and context of DCEs in health economics, areas are identified that deserve further exploration due to their particular relevance to health economics.  Specific contributions of the thesis are in three main areas:  modelling the participation decision in DCEs in health care; the use of strength of preference choice modelling approaches; and the applicability of a new approach, best attribute scaling (BSc), to health economics.  The contributions of the thesis are to the design, analysis and interpretation of DCE studies. The seven key recommendations for the conduct of DCE surveys arising from this thesis have been made on the basis of the best available knowledge gleaned from empirical analysis carried out.  They are as follows:  (1) Researchers conducting DCE studies in health care should carefully consider the participation decision when designing and analysing a DCE and where appropriate pay particular attention to describing the opt-out or status quo option as realistically as possible (2) When incorporating status quo or opt-out scenarios within a DCE design researchers should check that the statistical properties of the resulting design are still valid (3) Strength of preference models appear to improve the statistical efficiency of models and produce more accurate estimates of welfare however this may come at the expense of the predictive ability of the model and consistency rates (4) Where possible DCE surveys should provide respondents with the most realistic range of preference ‘capture’ mechanisms as possible, this includes providing opting out, status quo and indifference options where appropriate.  (5) As shown in the environmental economics literature strength of preference models facilitates the elicitation of preferences in health economics (6)  BSc methods can be used to predict choices in health care preference surveys (7) BSc has the ability to separate scale and weight in choice experiments and hence place all attribute levels on a common scale, unlike traditional choice experiments however future work with larger samples should clarify this result.
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Aloef, Fatimah. "Bayesian design of discrete choice experiments for valuing health state utilities." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2015. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/9446/.

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This thesis concerns about using discrete choice experiment for valuing health state utilities within the QALY framework. Therefore, it discusses the main issues with generating choice design for valuing health state utilities, and then presents an efficient methodology to construct an optimal choice design for valuing health state utilities using the most recent theoretical development in Bayesian optimal design literature. The use of the new design algorithm and the effect of the prior in the Bayesian design are demonstrated in this thesis by constructing Bayesian choice design for asthma quality of life classification system (AQL-5D).
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Lancsar, Emily. "New methods to estimate individual level choice models and Hicksian welfare measure from discrete choice experiments." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506557.

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Campbell, D. "Discrete choice experiments applied to the valuation of rural environmental landscape improvements." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.438155.

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Vass, Caroline Mary. "Using discrete choice experiments to value benefits and risks in primary care." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/using-discrete-choice-experiments-to-value-benefits-and-risks-in-primary-care(0e94b134-867d-4373-b1c0-9a32f5ce69f2).html.

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Discrete choice experiments (DCEs) are a stated preference valuation method. As a ubiquitous component of healthcare delivery, risk is increasingly used as an attribute in DCEs. Risk is a complex concept that is open to misinterpretation; potentially undermining the robustness of DCEs as a valuation method. This thesis employed quantitative, qualitative and eye-tracking methods to understand if and how risk communication formats affected individuals’ choices when completing a DCE and the valuations derived. This thesis used a case study focussing on the elicitation of women’s preferences for a national breast screening programme. Breast screening was chosen because of its relevance to primary care and potential contribution to the ongoing debate about the benefits and harms of mammograms. A DCE containing three attributes (probability of detecting a cancer; risk of unnecessary follow-up; and cost of screening) was designed. Women were randomised to one of two risk communication formats: i) percentages only; or ii) icon arrays and percentages (identified from a structured review of risk communication literature in health).Traditional quantitative analysis of the discrete choices made by 1,000 women recruited via an internet panel revealed the risk communication format made no difference in terms of either preferences or the consistency of choices. However, latent class analysis indicated that women’s preferences for breast screening were highly heterogeneous; with some women acquiring large non-health benefits from screening, regardless of the risks, and others expressing complete intolerance for unnecessary follow-ups, regardless of the benefits. The think-aloud method, identified as a potential method from a systematic review of qualitative research alongside DCEs, was used to reveal more about DCE respondents’ decision-making. Nineteen face-to-face cognitive interviews identified that respondents felt more engaged with the task when risk was presented with an additional icon array. Eye-tracking methods were used to understand respondents’ choice making behaviour and attention to attributes. The method was successfully used alongside a DCE and provided valid data. The results of the eye-tracking study found attributes were visually attended to by respondents most of the time. For researchers seeking to use DCEs for eliciting individuals’ preferences for benefit-risk trade-offs, respondents were more receptive to risk communicated via an icon array suggesting this format is preferable. Policy-makers should acknowledge preference heterogeneity, and its drivers, in their appraisal of the benefits of breast screening programmes. Future research is required to test alternative risk communication formats and explore the robustness of eye-tracking and qualitative research methods alongside DCEs.
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Books on the topic "Dynamic discrete choice experiments"

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Zwerina, Klaus. Discrete Choice Experiments in Marketing. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag HD, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-50013-8.

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Mariel, Petr, David Hoyos, Jürgen Meyerhoff, Mikolaj Czajkowski, Thijs Dekker, Klaus Glenk, Jette Bredahl Jacobsen, et al. Environmental Valuation with Discrete Choice Experiments. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62669-3.

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Ryan, Mandy, Karen Gerard, and Mabel Amaya-Amaya, eds. Using Discrete Choice Experiments to Value Health and Health Care. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5753-3.

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Fang, Hanming. Estimating dynamic discrete choice models with hyperbolic discounting, with an application to mammography decisions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2010.

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Discrete choice experiments in marketing: Use of priors in efficient choice designs and their application to individual preference measurement. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag, 1997.

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Dubé, Jean-Pierre. Improving the numerical performance of blp static and dynamic discrete choice random coefficients demand estimation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2009.

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Tavakoli, Manouch. A new approach to estimating demand for broadcasting products: A dynamic logit model of discrete choice. Uxbridge: Centre for Research into Innovation, Culture & Technology, 1989.

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Artuc, Erhan. PPML Estimation of Dynamic Discrete Choice Models with Aggregate Shocks. The World Bank, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-6480.

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Gerard, Karen, Mandy Ryan, and Mabel Amaya-Amaya. Using Discrete Choice Experiments to Value Health and Health Care. Springer, 2010.

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Gerard, Karen, Mandy Ryan, and Mabel Amaya-Amaya. Using Discrete Choice Experiments to Value Health and Health Care. Springer, 2007.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dynamic discrete choice experiments"

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Tockhorn-Heidenreich, Antje, Mandy Ryan, and Rodolfo Hernández. "Discrete Choice Experiments." In Patient Involvement in Health Technology Assessment, 121–33. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4068-9_10.

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Christ, Steffen. "Discrete Customer Choice Analysis." In Operationalizing Dynamic Pricing Models, 203–31. Wiesbaden: Gabler, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-6184-6_9.

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Ryan, Mandy, Karen Gerard, and Mabel Amaya-Amaya. "Discrete Choice Experiments in a Nutshell." In The Economics of Non-Market Goods and Resources, 13–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5753-3_1.

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Howell, Martin, and Kirsten Howard. "Eliciting Preferences from Choices: Discrete Choice Experiments." In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 623–44. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-5251-4_93.

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Howell, Martin, and Kirsten Howard. "Eliciting Preferences from Choices: Discrete Choice Experiments." In Handbook of Research Methods in Health Social Sciences, 1–22. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-2779-6_93-1.

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Street, Deborah J., Leonie Burgess, Rosalie Viney, and Jordan Louviere. "Designing Discrete Choice Experiments for Health Care." In The Economics of Non-Market Goods and Resources, 47–72. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5753-3_2.

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Mariel, Petr, David Hoyos, Jürgen Meyerhoff, Mikolaj Czajkowski, Thijs Dekker, Klaus Glenk, Jette Bredahl Jacobsen, et al. "Theoretical Background." In Environmental Valuation with Discrete Choice Experiments, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62669-3_1.

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AbstractThis chapter starts by briefly presenting the theoretical background of welfare economics and introducing key aspects such as the indirect utility function, the expenditure function, or the concepts of compensating surplus or equivalent surplus. Next, it draws attention to willingness to pay and willingness to accept, essential measures in environmental valuation. Finally, the chapter summarises the basic mathematical notation of the random utility maximisation models used throughout the book.
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Mariel, Petr, David Hoyos, Jürgen Meyerhoff, Mikolaj Czajkowski, Thijs Dekker, Klaus Glenk, Jette Bredahl Jacobsen, et al. "Developing the Questionnaire." In Environmental Valuation with Discrete Choice Experiments, 7–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62669-3_2.

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AbstractThis chapter outlines the essential topics for developing and testing a questionnaire for a discrete choice experiment survey. It addresses issues such as the description of the environmental good, pretesting of the survey, incentive compatibility, consequentiality or mitigation of hypothetical bias. For the latter, cheap talk scripts, opt-out reminders or an oath script are discussed. Moreover, the use of instructional choice sets, the identification of protest responses and strategic bidders are considered. Finally, issues related to the payment vehicle and the cost vector design are the subject of this section.
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Mariel, Petr, David Hoyos, Jürgen Meyerhoff, Mikolaj Czajkowski, Thijs Dekker, Klaus Glenk, Jette Bredahl Jacobsen, et al. "Experimental Design." In Environmental Valuation with Discrete Choice Experiments, 37–49. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62669-3_3.

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AbstractThis chapter covers various issues related to the experimental design, a statistical technique at the core of a discrete choice experiment. Specifically, it focuses on the dimensionality of a choice experiment and the statistical techniques used to allocate attribute levels to choice tasks. Among others, the pros and cons of orthogonal designs, optimal orthogonal in the differences designs as well as efficient designs are addressed. The last section shows how a simulation exercise can help to test the appropriateness of the experimental design.
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Mariel, Petr, David Hoyos, Jürgen Meyerhoff, Mikolaj Czajkowski, Thijs Dekker, Klaus Glenk, Jette Bredahl Jacobsen, et al. "Collecting the Data." In Environmental Valuation with Discrete Choice Experiments, 51–59. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62669-3_4.

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AbstractThis chapter discusses aspects related to data collection. It focuses, firstly, on sampling issues and, secondly, on the survey mode. Sampling issues include sample size and the type of sampling that enable precise estimates to be obtained. Regarding the survey mode, discrete choice experiments can be implemented by mail, telephone, face-to-face or web surveys. Each of these survey modes has its advantages and shortcomings. They are described and compared in the course of this chapter, addressing an important decision in the planning process of a discrete choice experiment.
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Conference papers on the topic "Dynamic discrete choice experiments"

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Vu, Dong Quan, Patrick Loiseau, and Alonso Silva. "Efficient Computation of Approximate Equilibria in Discrete Colonel Blotto Games." In Twenty-Seventh International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-18}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2018/72.

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The Colonel Blotto game is a famous game commonly used to model resource allocation problems in many domains ranging from security to advertising. Two players distribute a fixed budget of resources on multiple battlefields to maximize the aggregate value of battlefields they win, each battlefield being won by the player who allocates more resources to it. The continuous version of the game---where players can choose any fractional allocation---has been extensively studied, albeit only with partial results to date. Recently, the discrete version---where allocations can only be integers---started to gain traction and algorithms were proposed to compute the equilibrium in polynomial time; but these remain computationally impractical for large (or even moderate) numbers of battlefields. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to compute very efficiently an approximate equilibrium for the discrete Colonel Blotto game with many battlefields. We provide a theoretical bound on the approximation error as a function of the game's parameters. We also propose an efficient dynamic programming algorithm in order to compute for each game instance the actual value of the error. We perform numerical experiments that show that the proposed strategy provides a fast and good approximation to the equilibrium even for moderate numbers of battlefields
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Gamba, Davide La, Miriam Pirra, Francesco Deflorio, Luis Montesano, Angela Carboni, and Maurizio Arnone. "Discrete Choice Experiments to identify user preference for electric mobility." In 2022 IEEE 46th Annual Computers, Software, and Applications Conference (COMPSAC). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/compsac54236.2022.00270.

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Baggott, Christina, Jo Hardy, Helen Reddel, Jenny Sparks, Doñah Sabbagh, Saras Mane, Mark Holliday, et al. "Discrete choice experiments identifying attributes influencing treatment preference in mild asthma." In ERS International Congress 2019 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2019.pa4189.

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Lei, Wang Zhen, and Qin Song. "A Survey of Estimations of Dynamic Discrete Choice Models." In 2010 International Conference on Computing, Control and Industrial Engineering. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ccie.2010.132.

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Liu, Qianhui, Dong Xing, Huajin Tang, De Ma, and Gang Pan. "Event-based Action Recognition Using Motion Information and Spiking Neural Networks." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/240.

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Event-based cameras have attracted increasing attention due to their advantages of biologically inspired paradigm and low power consumption. Since event-based cameras record the visual input as asynchronous discrete events, they are inherently suitable to cooperate with the spiking neural network (SNN). Existing works of SNNs for processing events mainly focus on the task of object recognition. However, events from the event-based camera are triggered by dynamic changes, which makes it an ideal choice to capture actions in the visual scene. Inspired by the dorsal stream in visual cortex, we propose a hierarchical SNN architecture for event-based action recognition using motion information. Motion features are extracted and utilized from events to local and finally to global perception for action recognition. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, it is the first attempt of SNN to apply motion information to event-based action recognition. We evaluate our proposed SNN on three event-based action recognition datasets, including our newly published DailyAction-DVS dataset comprising 12 actions collected under diverse recording conditions. Extensive experimental results show the effectiveness of motion information and our proposed SNN architecture for event-based action recognition.
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Chen, Songlin, Youbang Zhang, Xiaojin Zhang, and Jianxin Jiao. "A dynamic differential evolution algorithm for mixed logit discrete choice model estimation." In EM). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2010.5674420.

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Wright, Matthew A., Roberto Horowitz, and Alex A. Kurzhanskiy. "A Dynamic-System-Based Approach to Modeling Driver Movements Across General-Purpose/Managed Lane Interfaces." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9125.

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To help mitigate road congestion caused by the unrelenting growth of traffic demand, many transportation authorities have implemented managed lane policies, which restrict certain freeway lanes to certain types of vehicles. It was originally thought that managed lanes would improve the use of existing infrastructure through demand-management behaviors like carpooling, but implementations have often been characterized by unpredicted phenomena that are sometimes detrimental to system performance. The development of traffic models that can capture these sorts of behaviors is a key step for helping managed lanes deliver on their promised gains. Towards this goal, this paper presents an approach for solving for driver behavior of entering and exiting managed lanes at the macroscopic (i.e., fluid approximation of traffic) scale. Our method is inspired by recent work in extending a dynamic-system-based modeling framework from traffic behaviors on individual roads, to models at junctions, and can be considered a further extension of this dynamic-system paradigm to the route/lane choice problem. Unlike traditional route choice models that are often based on discrete-choice methods and often rely on computing and comparing drivers’ estimated travel times from taking different routes, our method is agnostic to the particular choice of physical traffic model and is suited specifically towards making decisions at these interfaces using only local information. These features make it a natural drop-in component to extend existing dynamic traffic modeling methods.
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Sino, Rim, Eric Chatelet, Olivier Montagnier, and Georges Jacquet-Richardet. "Dynamic Instability Analysis of Internally Damped Rotors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2007: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2007-27073.

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This paper deals with the study of dynamic instabilities within rotating assemblies due to internal damping effects. In order to consider realistic mechanical properties, in terms of internal damping, a rheological model is associated to a general finite element beam approach, including transversal shear. After a description of the theoretical background (choice of internal damping model and equation of motion), an application illustrates the ability of the proposed model. The influence of damping on frequencies and on instability thresholds is investigated using a parametric study. Results are compared to those obtained from an analytical approach as well as from experiments.
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Tatoglu, Akin, Claudio Campana, James Nolan, and Gary Toloczko. "Fuzzy Logic Controller Design of a Single Stage Fluid Valve Based Robotic Arm." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-24145.

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Abstract One challenge for mobile robotics is the limitation of onboard processing power and the size of equipment required to accomplish basic tasks. While hydraulic pistons can generate high force output for various types of manipulation tasks, they require large equipment including the pistons, compressors, and the power sources in order to operate properly. For hydraulics to be applied to small to medium scale robots, the scale of the system needs to be as minimalistic as possible. For this purpose, we designed a single stage valve actuated robotic arm. Since system’s dynamic behavior is complex and only piston distance data is observable, a heuristic method, a Fuzzy Logic controller, is investigated. The goal is to create and optimize a system using a single piston and small compressor while maintaining effective control of the arm. Fuzzy Logic Controller system details, experimental setup and results are discussed for various motion profiles and finally its effectiveness is compared with a traditional PID controller approach. Robotics is a field that is constantly evolving and looking for creative new ways to provide solutions to new and old obstacles. One challenge for mobile robotics is the limitation of onboard processing power and the size of equipment required to accomplish basic tasks. The issue especially with smaller scale mobile robots is the lack of power and space on the robot to fit equipment and any critical apparatus for said equipment. While hydraulic pistons can generate high force output for various types of manipulation tasks, they require large equipment including pistons, compressors, and power sources in order to operate properly. Typically, a motor is used to power a pump which pressurizes hydraulic fluid. This fluid is used by the machine via hydraulic tubes and then is sent back through a filter and returns to the pump. This method of using hydraulics requires a large amount of power and a large amount of space. For hydraulics to be applied to small to medium scale robots, the scale of the system needs to be as minimalistic as possible. For this purpose, we designed a single stage valve actuated robotic arm. These employed the use of small electronic control boards fitted to the compressor system used to drive the hydraulics. For types of systems that must operate with discrete impulses of data to reach a target or reference value predominantly use Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Controllers. These would be programmed in the onboard computer driving the hydraulic system. These systems require careful tweaking of various gain values to set up appropriately. However, the choice of an accurate controller structure relies on the application. Since system’s dynamic behavior is complex and only piston distance data is observable, an alternative method of control is investigated. Fuzzy logic is a control method which takes inputs from sensors and determines the output in terms of logical statements that can be in degrees between 0 and 1 rather than strictly 0 and 1 as seen in traditional Boolean logic. The particular equipment of interest in this study is a pneumatic robotic arm and all associated hardware. The goal is to create and optimize a system using a single piston and small compressor while maintaining effective control of the arm. Both a PID controller and a Fuzzy Logic controller were used to control the same system for the same set of tests. After PID control design approach is briefly discussed, Fuzzy Logic Controller system details, experimental setup and results are discussed for various motion profiles. Finally, the effectiveness of a traditional PID controller is compared to the effectiveness of a fuzzy logic controller.
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Zheng, Minghui, and Masayoshi Tomizuka. "Discrete-Time H-Infinity Synthesis of Frequency-Shaped Sliding Mode Control for Suppression of Vibration With Multiple Peak Frequencies." In ASME 2016 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2016-9837.

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Vibration with multiple large peaks at high frequencies may cause significant performance degradation and have become a major concern in modern high precision control systems. To deal with such high-frequency peaks, it is proposed to design a frequency-shaped sliding mode controller based on H∞ synthesis. It obtains an ‘optimal’ filter to shape the sliding surface, and thus provides frequency-dependent control allocation. The proposed frequency-shaping method assures the stability in the presence of multiple-peak vibration sources, and minimizes the weighted H∞ norm of the sliding surface dynamics. The evaluation is performed on a simulated hard disk drive with actual vibration sources from experiments, and the effectiveness of large vibration peak suppression is demonstrated.
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Reports on the topic "Dynamic discrete choice experiments"

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Heckman, James, and Salvador Navarro. Dynamic Discrete Choice and Dynamic Treatment Effects. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/t0316.

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Chen, Le-Yu. Identification of structural dynamic discrete choice models. Institute for Fiscal Studies, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2009.0809.

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Kalouptsidi, Myrto, Paul Scott, and Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues. Identification of Counterfactuals in Dynamic Discrete Choice Models. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, September 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21527.

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Bugni, Federico A., and Jackson Bunting. On the iterated estimation of dynamic discrete choice games. The IFS, February 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1920/wp.cem.2018.1318.

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Kalouptsidi, Myrto, Paul Scott, and Eduardo Souza-Rodrigues. Linear IV Regression Estimators for Structural Dynamic Discrete Choice Models. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25134.

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Ellis, Alan R., Kathleen Thomas, Kirsten Howard, Mandy Ryan, Esther de Bekker-Grob, and Emily Lancsar. Improving Methods for Discrete Choice Experiments to Measure Patient Preferences. Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25302/03.2021.me.160234572.

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Fang, Hanming, and Yang Wang. Estimating Dynamic Discrete Choice Models with Hyperbolic Discounting, with an Application to Mammography Decisions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16438.

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Shigeoka, Hitoshi, and Katsunori Yamada. Income-comparison Attitudes in the US and the UK: Evidence from Discrete-choice Experiments. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, February 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w21998.

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Arcidiacono, Peter, Patrick Bayer, Jason Blevins, and Paul Ellickson. Estimation of Dynamic Discrete Choice Models in Continuous Time with an Application to Retail Competition. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w18449.

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Dubé, Jean-Pierre, Jeremy Fox, and Che-Lin Su. Improving the Numerical Performance of BLP Static and Dynamic Discrete Choice Random Coefficients Demand Estimation. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14991.

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