Academic literature on the topic 'Dyett'

Conventional dyeing processes currently practiced in the textile industry have a great environmental impact, mainly in relation to the quantity and pollution of water, use of toxic chemicals, atmospheric emissions, and high energy consumption. This study aims to discuss the relationship between the variables that involve conventional dyeing processes and environmental issues. It presents the mapping of the materials and emerging technologies for ecological coloration, specifically for the pretreatment and dyeing stages. Regarding pretreatment, it discusses biochemical (enzymes) and physical treatment (ultraviolet radiation, plasma, and ozone technology) approaches. With respect to the dyeing processes, it addresses ecological materials (natural dyes) and emerging technologies (such as plasma, supercritical CO2, AirDye®, ultrasonic, microwave, Nano-DyeTM, and electrochemical). Given the importance of ecological coloration, this study provides important reflections on the urgency of resolving issues related to barriers and economic viability in the implementation of the alternatives presented and demonstrates the need to develop educational projects to prepare fashion and textile professionals.

Abstract Objectives Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) incidence and prevalence have been reported to be higher in men than women, however, the effects of sexual dimorphism on NAFLD risk and progression have not been adequately examined. Our lab has previously shown that a liquid high-refined carbohydrate diet (HRCD) induced more severe hepatic steatosis compared to an isocaloric high fat diet in male mice. Also, HRCD-induced reduction in sirtuin 1 (SIRT1), an NAD-dependent deacetylase protein, has previously been implicated in NAFLD pathogenesis. Therefore, we investigated whether there were sexually dimorphic responses to a liquid high-refined carbohydrate diet (HRCD) in male and female, wildtype and SIRT1-deficient mice. Methods Male and female 10–12-week-old wildtype (SIRT1 +/+: n = 12; M = 6, F = 6) and mice carrying a heterozygous H355Y SIRT1 point mutation (SIRT1 +/y: n = 14; M = 7, F = 7) were both fed a HRCD (Lieber-DeCarli liquid diet supplemented with maltose dextrin; 47% energy from refined carbohydrate, Dyets, #710,260) for 5 weeks and 9 weeks. Hepatic gene expression was examined using qRT-PCR. Plasma ALT (alanine transaminase) and hepatic MDA (malondialdehyde) levels were determined using colorimetric assay kits. Hepatic steatosis scoring was conducted by analyzing Hematoxylin and Eosin (H&E) stains. Results 9 weeks of HRCD induced significantly less hepatic steatosis in female mice irrespective of genotype compared to male mice as determined by grading of H&E stains (P < 0.05). Furthermore, liver expression of several fatty acid oxidation genes (CPT1, ACOX1) was significantly higher in females (P < 0.05), which potentially suggests increased fatty acid oxidation. Additionally, female mice had significantly increased antioxidant gene expression (GPX4, SOD1, SOD2, Catalase) and significantly lower hepatic MDA (P < 0.05), which indicate an increased capacity to mitigate oxidative stress. Lastly, plasma ALT levels were significantly lower in females compared to males after 9 weeks of HRCD (P < 0.05). Conclusions Collectively, these data indicate that female mice are moderately protected against HRCD-induced NAFLD compared to male mice, potentially through increased hepatic fatty acid oxidation and superior mitigation of oxidative stress due to increased antioxidant system gene expression in the liver. Funding Sources HNRCA, USDA/ARS Grants.

BackgroundA high-fat/high-sucrose (HFS) diet leads to osteoarthritis-like damage in the knee and shoulder (Collins et al., 2018), and to a low-level systemic inflammation that is accompanied by a decrease in insulin sensitivity. Recently, we demonstrated in a rat model, that when prebiotic fibre supplementation, aerobic exercise, or their combination is started at the onset of the HFS diet exposure, the development of the osteoarthritis-like lesions in the knee joints and the metabolic dysfunction is prevented (Rios et al., 2019).A central role in the altered metabolic state of rats fed a HFS diet is thought to be played by skeletal muscle (Collins et al., 2018). Besides the detrimental effect on metabolic and inflammatory regulation, muscular dysfunction might be a contributor to the decline in running endurance and coordination observed with prolonged exposure to a low quality diet (Clayton et al., 2022).ObjectivesTo evaluate the changes in insulin sensitivity and vastus lateralis and soleus muscle composition in a HFS diet rat model and determine whether the expected muscle alterations can be prevented with a prebiotic fibre supplementation, aerobic exercise, or their combination.MethodsTwelve-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet (HFS, Diet #102412, Dyets) were randomized into a sedentary (HFS, n=12), moderate aerobic exercise (HFS+E, n=12), prebiotic fibre supplementation (HFS+F, n=12), or moderate aerobic exercise combined with prebiotic fibre supplementation (HFS+F+E, n=12) group for 12 weeks. Eight chow-fed (Diet #5001) age- and sex-matched animals were used as controls.Whole body insulin sensitivity (composite insulin sensitivity index – CISI) was determined at the end of the intervention period and, after sacrifice, the VL and soleus muscle composition was evaluated through a triglyceride colorimetric assay and histological analysis of collagen with picrosirius red staining. Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis testing with pairwise comparisons was used to compare groups.ResultsHFS group rats had less than half (40%, p = 0.001) of the whole-body insulin sensitivity of control rats while rats in the HFS+E, HFS+F and HFS+F+E groups were similar to control.Rats that were fed the HFS diet showed increased VL (p = 0.033) but not soleus (p = 0.644) triglycerides content compared to control (Figure 1 A). Both VL and soleus showed increased collagen content in the groups fed the HFS diet compared to the control group (p<0.001 for VL and soleus) (Figure 1 B). Moderate aerobic exercise, prebiotic fibre supplementation, or their combination did not prevent the observed alterations in muscle composition in the groups fed the HFS diet.ConclusionWhile a positive effect of prebiotic fibre and exercise in managing metabolic disturbance was present with a clear recovery of insulin sensitivity to control levels in the groups that were fed the HFS diet, the protective effect of exercise and prebiotic fibre that has been previously described for knee joints in this model was not observed for the VL and soleus muscles. The HFS diet led to alterations in muscle composition that seem to be muscle-specific and cannot be prevented by combining prebiotic fibre or exercise with the HFS diet.References[1]Clayton, Z.S.et al.. 2022. Lifelong physical activity attenuates age- and Western-style diet-related declines in physical function and adverse changes in skeletal muscle mass and inflammation. Exp. Gerontol. 157, 111632.[2]Collins, K. H. et al.. 2018. Obesity, Metabolic Syndrome, and Musculoskeletal Disease: Common Inflammatory Pathways Suggest a Central Role for Loss of Muscle Integrity. Front. Physiol. 9.[3]Rios, J.L., Bomhof, M.R., Reimer, R.A., Hart, D.A., Collins, K.H., Herzog, W., 2019. Protective effect of prebiotic and exercise intervention on knee health in a rat model of diet-induced obesity. Sci. Rep. 9, 3893.AcknowledgementsThis work was supported by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research # RT736475 (WH) and MOP 115076, the Canada Research Chair Programme (WH), the Alberta Innovates Health Solutions Osteoarthritis Team Grant (DAH, WH), Alberta Innovates Health Solutions, Killam Foundation (WH), Alberta Innovates (JLR), and theCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES) - Finance Code 001.Disclosure of InterestsNone declared