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Academic literature on the topic 'Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)'

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Published: 14 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)"

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Muñoz-García, Ana Belén, Iacopo Benesperi, Gerrit Boschloo, Javier J. Concepcion, Jared H. Delcamp, Elizabeth A. Gibson, Gerald J. Meyer, et al. "Dye-sensitized solar cells strike back." Chemical Society Reviews 50, no. 22 (2021): 12450–550. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cs01336f.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) are celebrating their 30th birthday and they are attracting a wealth of research efforts aimed at unleashing their full potential. Righteous font designed by Astigmatic and licensed under the Open Font License.
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Jayaweera, E. N., C. S. K. Ranasinghe, G. R. A. Kumara, and R. M. G. Rajapakse. "Highly Efficient SnO2/MgO Composite Film-Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Sensitized with N719 and D358 Dyes." International Journal of Nanoscience 13, no. 04 (August 2014): 1440006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219581x14400067.

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SnO 2/ MgO composite film-based dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs), sensitized with both N719 dye and metal-free D358 dye, employing [Formula: see text] redox couple-based liquid electrolyte, show superior performance to those sensitized with only D358 dye, and N719 dye. A significant improvement in the power conversion efficiency was attained by co-sensitizing the N719-based DSCs with metal-free D358 dye when compared to those obtained for DSCs with individual dyes. As confirmed by UV-visible absorption spectra, N719 dye adsorption is more prominent than that of D358 dye when sensitizing the SnO 2/ MgO composite film with the two dyes, D358 and N719. However, N719 and D358 dyes, when used alone, are prone to form aggregates on the SnO 2/ MgO composite film, when N719 dye is used together with D358, the latter effectively suppresses the aggregation of N719 dye on the SnO 2/ MgO composite film, thereby enhancing the power conversion efficiency of the DSCs. Hence, the corresponding power conversion efficiency of the SnO 2/ MgO composite film-based DSCs can be significantly improved by sensitizing with both N719 and D358 dyes. The reported power conversion efficiencies for the SnO 2/ MgO composite film-based DSCs, sensitized with, (a) D358 dye, (b) N719 dye, and (c) both N719 dye and D358 dye, are 6.37%, 7.43% and 8.60% respectively, under AM 1.5 illumination.
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PENG, WENQIN, MASATOSHI YANAGIDA, and LIYUAN HAN. "RUTILE-ANATASE TiO2 PHOTOANODES FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS." Journal of Nonlinear Optical Physics & Materials 19, no. 04 (December 2010): 673–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218863510005571.

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Nanocrystalline rutile-anatase mixing phase TiO2 film was synthesized for dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs). The mixing-phase nanocrystals, composed of 52 wt% rutile and 48 wt% anatase, contained nanorods with diameter of 20 nm and the length of more than 200 nm ascribed to rutile phase. The short circuit photocurrent of DSCs based on the rutile-anatase TiO2 nanocrystals was enhanced in comparison with that of DSCs based on anatase TiO2 because the light was effectively scattered by rutile nanorods in the mixing-phase TiO2 films.
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Zeng, You, Li Jia Zhao, Ying Zhen, Fang Xiao Shi, and Yu Tong. "Preparation and Photovoltaic Properties of Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." Advanced Materials Research 306-307 (August 2011): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.306-307.112.

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Flexible dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) were prepared by using carbon nanotube transparent conductive films (CNT-TCFs) as flexible substrates, and their photovoltaic properties were investigated as well. The flexible DSCs show typical photovoltaic characteristics with short-circuit current of 0.78 μA and open-circuit voltage of 1.48 mV, which was strongly influenced by heat-treatment temperature, type of dyes, and electrical resistivity. In light of their lighter weight and higher flexibility than conventional DSCs based on conductive glass substrates, the flexible DSCs have great potential as functional photoelectric components in many fields.
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Shao, ZhiPeng, Xu Pan, HaiWei Chen, Li Tao, WenJun Wang, Yong Ding, Bin Pan, Shangfeng Yang, and Songyuan Dai. "Polymer based photocathodes for panchromatic tandem dye-sensitized solar cells." Energy Environ. Sci. 7, no. 8 (2014): 2647–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ee01315h.

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A novel polymer based photocathode with a secondary porous structure was developed for tandem dye-sensitized solar cells (pn-DSCs). Complementary absorption was realized in pn-DSCs. The resulting tandem devices achieved a panchromatic absorption and a power conversion efficiency of 1.30%.
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Vincent Joseph, K. L., N. T. Mary Rosana, R. Easwaramoorthi, J. Judith Vijaya, S. Karthikeyan, and J. K. Kim. "Output current enhancement of hexylthiophene functionalized D–π-extended–A triphenylamine in dye sensitized solar cells." New Journal of Chemistry 43, no. 27 (2019): 10834–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9nj01970g.

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In this work, we report the synthesis of triphenylamine based D–π-extended–A hexylthiophene functionalized MY-102 dye and its solar power conversion efficiency improvement in dye sensitized solar cells (DSCs).
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Kathiravan, Arunkumar, Murugesan Panneerselvam, Karuppasamy Sundaravel, Nagaraj Pavithra, Venkatesan Srinivasan, Sambandam Anandan, and Madhavan Jaccob. "Unravelling the effect of anchoring groups on the ground and excited state properties of pyrene using computational and spectroscopic methods." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 18, no. 19 (2016): 13332–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp00571c.

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Pepe, Giulio, Jacqueline M. Cole, Paul G. Waddell, and Scott McKechnie. "Molecular engineering of cyanine dyes to design a panchromatic response in co-sensitized dye-sensitized solar cells." Molecular Systems Design & Engineering 1, no. 1 (2016): 86–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6me00014b.

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Kathiravan, Arunkumar, Venkatesan Srinivasan, Themmila Khamrang, Marappan Velusamy, Madhavan Jaccob, Nagaraj Pavithra, Sambandam Anandan, and Kandavelu Velappan. "Pyrene based D–π–A architectures: synthesis, density functional theory, photophysics and electron transfer dynamics." Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics 19, no. 4 (2017): 3125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cp08180k.

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Chen, Xiao, Jian Wei Guo, Yu Hou, Yu Hang Li, Shuang Yang, Li Rong Zheng, Bo Zhang, Xiao Hua Yang, and Hua Gui Yang. "Novel PtO decorated MWCNTs as a highly efficient counter electrode for dye-sensitized solar cells." RSC Advances 5, no. 11 (2015): 8307–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra12988a.

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PtO–MWCNTs nanocomposites were prepared and applied as the counter electrode in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs) for the first time. Excellent energy conversion efficiency indicated that the nanocomposite was a promising electrocatalyst for DSCs.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)"

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Almodôvar, Vítor Alexandre da Silva. "Diketopyrrolopyrroles for dye-sensitized solar cells." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/22074.

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Com foco nos últimos seis anos, o sistema bicíclico dicetopirrolopirrol tem sido cada vez mais utilizado como ”bloco de construção” de materiais (polímeros e moléculas pequenas) para utilização em células solares. Isso deve-se principalmente à sua alta estabilidade ambiental (principalmente fotoestabilidade) e capacidades de transferência de carga. Apesar dos estudos serem ainda recentes, os resultados já alcançados mostraram o tremendo potencial dos dicetopirrolopirróis em células solares. O trabalho descrito nesta tese de Mestrado envolveu a síntese de vários derivados de dicetopirrolopirrol com o objetivo de introduzir unidades fotossensibilizantes ligadas covalentemente ao sistema dicetopirrolopirrol. Os novos compostos podem vir a incorporar um grupo carboxílico para suportar o corante na superfície de um óxido semicondutor das células solares sensibilizadas por corantes (DSSCs). A primeira parte do trabalho consistiu na alquilação ou arilação dos grupos NH de dicetopirrolopirróis comerciais. Posteriormente, foram estudados métodos de funcionalização dos grupos arilo nas posições 3 e 6 dos DPP por reações catalisadas por paládio ou por clorossulfonação. Todos os dicetopirrolopirróis sintetizados foram caracterizados por ressonância magnética nuclear, espetrometria de massa e espectrofotometria de UV-visível. Alguns compostos foram também caracterizados por fluorescência; Abstract: With a focus on the last six years, the bicyclic diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) system has been increasingly used as an active building block in materials (polymers and small molecules) used in solar cells. That is mainly due to its high environmental stability (mainly photostability) and charge transfer capabilities. Despite its infancy, the results already achieved have shown the tremendous potential of diketopyrrolopyrroles in solar cells. The work reported in this Master thesis involved the synthesis of several diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives aiming introducing photosensitizing units covalently linked to the diketopyrrolopyrrole system. The new compounds may be functionalized with carboxylic groups to support the dye firmly at the surface of a semiconductor oxide of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The first part of the work consisted in the alkylation or arylation of the NH groups of commercially available DPP. Then, new methods for the functionalization of the aryl groups at 3 and 6 positions of DPP were studied, mainly by palladium catalysed reactions or by chlorosulfonation. All diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives synthesized were characterized by nuclear magnetic resonance, mass spectrometry and UV-vis spectrophotometry. Some compounds were also characterized by fluorescence.
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Li, Sin-lai Emily, and 李倩麗. "Theoretical study of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC)." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41897195.

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Li, Sin-lai Emily. "Theoretical study of dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41897195.

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DELL'ORTO, ELISA CAMILLA. "Dye sensitized solar cells: materials and processes." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/28476.

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During the thesis the DSSCs optimization was analyzed mainly through two strategies: the study of new sensitizers and the study of alternatives materials for photo-cathode fabrication. Two class of sensitizers were be analyzed: squaraine dyes and cyclometalated-based dyes. Then a study on dye-loading process will be presented, with implication in an industrialization process. For the photo-cathode fabrication two di erent materials were studied, a carbon based material and a polymeric material. Then a part of the work concerned the study of devices analysis system. In particular electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was studied to propose a new set up to analyze electric processes in different cell components.3
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MARCHINI, EDOARDO. "New Components for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Ferrara, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11392/2496481.

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Due to the strong increase in the world energy consumption, and need of exploiting carbon neutral energy sources, increasing efforts have been devoted to the exploitation of solar energy technology. For their unique properties, Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) could complement the established silicon junctions. This Ph.D. thesis is mainly focused on the understanding of the (photo)/electrochemical properties of new components for DSSCs. The first chapter, realized in collaboration with the Prof. Stagni’s group, is about the characterization of new examples of Ru(II)-tetrazolato dyes as thiocyanate-free sensitizers for solar cell applications. Four complexes (D1-D4) have been analyzed together with the well know standard N719. The combination of the electrochemical and spectroscopic analyses revealed ground and excited states thermodynamic properties suitable for efficient interfacial charge separation. These features resulted in external quantum yield of photon to electron conversions higher than 80%. The best performances have been recorded in the case of D4 thanks to the combinations of the broader harvesting, efficient regeneration, and electron injection. Three chapters of my thesis report about the collaborative research carried out with the groups led by Dr. P.C. Gros and Dr. M.C. Pastore, involving the investigation of the electronic properties of Fe(II)NHC (NHC=N-Heterocyclic-Carbene) sensitizers. First, we tried to rationalize the charge transfer dynamics of C1 a homoleptic complex bearing σ-donating NHCs and π-accepting carboxylic groups, which initially reported rather low performances (0.13 % of PCE%). We achieved a substantial progress in cell efficiency (PCE = 1%). We estimated an injection quantum yield (Φinj) of ca. 50% that, is believed to be the main limitation for the rather low PCE. In consideration of the excited state energetics, nearly optimal for injection into TiO2, this relatively low Φinj could be due to a non-optimal electronic coupling arising from the symmetric design of the homoleptic C1. For this reason, we moved to Fe(II)NHC heteroleptic designs characterized by an asymmetric coordination sphere. The first complex was the asymmetric analogue of C1 named ARM13, while other design incorporated spacers between the anchoring moieties and the pyridine linked to the metal center, in particular, a thiophene in the case of ARM7 and a phenyl ring in the case of ARM11. The rationale behind such designs was to increase the electron-hole separation and the light harvesting capability. We were able to obtain the highest power conversion efficiency (ARM13 ca. 1.5%) ever reported for a Fe(II) sensitizer. In a third project, we designed, realized and characterized a new family of heteroleptic Fe(II)NHC complexes bearing electron withdrawing or donating substituents on the ancillary ligands. In particular, among the new series, ARM130 bearing a dimethoxyphenyl group, exhibited the best performance, thanks to its improved light harvesting capability introduced by the electron-donating -OMe moieties. We obtained a Power Conversion Efficiency of 1.83%. The last chapter of my thesis is about the investigations of alternative counter electrode (CE) materials for DSSCs based on the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) conductive polymer. The best and well-known electrocatalyst PEDOT/ClO4 (PER) involves the use of organic solvents, greener and sustainable alternative deposition routes are desirable. We explored the electrochemical properties of PEDOT/Nafion CE (NAF), produced through water- based electropolymerization. The electrocatalytic behavior of PER and NAF has been investigated in STLC by means of LSV and EIS, in the presence of either Co- or Cu- based electrolyte, NAF rivals the kinetic and mass transport properties of PER. This result was confirmed by the performance of D35 sensitized solar cells, where NAF counter electrodes generated comparable efficiency of those recorded for PER.
A causa dell’aumento della richiesta energetica e della necessità di esplorare risorse sostenibili, ingenti sforzi sono rivolti verso l’applicazione di tecnologia solare. Grazie alle loro peculiarità, le Celle Solari Sensibilizzate con Colorante (DSSCs) potrebbero essere uno strumento complementare alla tecnologia al silicio. Questa tesi di Dottorato è incentrata nella comprensione delle proprietà (foto)/elettrochimiche di nuovi componenti per DSSCs. Il primo capitolo sperimentale, realizzato in collaborazione con il gruppo del Prof. Stagni, ha avuto come scopo la caratterizzazione di nuovi sensibilizzatori di Ru(II)-tetrazolati come esempio di complessi privi di leganti tiocianati. Quattro complessi (D1-D4) sono stati studiati assieme al ben noto standard di rutenio N719. La combinazione dell’analisi elettrochimica e spettroscopica ha evidenziato come la termodinamica dello stato fondamentale ed eccitato sia in grado di favorire un’efficiente separazione di carica. Queste caratteristiche hanno portato ad una resa quantica di conversione di fotoni in elettroni superiore all’80%. D4 è risultato essere il complesso più efficiente grazie alla combinazione della più estesa estensione spettrale, efficiente rigenerazione ed efficiente iniezione di carica. Gran parte della mia attività, tuttavia, è stata rivolta allo studio di sensibilizzatori per DSSCs a base di ferro. Tre capitoli, in collaborazione con i gruppi del Dr. P. C. Gros e dalla Dr. M. C. Pastore, riportano l’investigazione delle proprietà elettroniche di sensibilizzatori di Fe(II)NHC. Nel primo di questi abbiamo studiato le proprietà di trasferimento dinamiche di un complesso omolettico denominato C1, caratterizzato da leganti NHC σ-donatori e gruppi carbossilici π-accettori, il quale aveva inizialmente restituito valori di efficienza dello 0.13%. Abbiamo ottenuto un sostanziale aumento di efficienza ottenendo valori vicini all’1%. Il rendimento quantico di iniezione di carica è risultato essere attorno al 50% e costituisce il principale fattore limitante per le DSSCs a base di ferro. L’energetica dello stato eccitato è risultata ottimale per un’efficiente iniezione di carica quindi, le limitate prestazioni esibite da C1 derivano dal suo design simmetrico che porta ad un accoppiamento elettronico non favorevole con la superficie. Abbiamo così analizzato complessi carbenici eterolettici, il primo di questi era l’analogo asimmetrico di C1, ARM13, altri due invece erano caratterizzati dall’introduzione di un anello tiofenico (ARM7) e uno fenilico (ARM11) aventi la funzione di spaziatori fra le funzionalità ancoranti e le piridine coordinate al metallo centrale. L’idea di questo nuovo design era quella di aumentare la separazione di carica ed incrementare la capacità di raccolta di fotoni. Abbiamo ottenuto la più alta efficienza di cella riportata in letteratura del 1.5% per ARM13. In un terzo progetto abbiamo analizzato una nuova famiglia di complessi eterolettici caratterizzati dall’introduzione di gruppi elettron-donatori o elettron-attrattori sui leganti ancillari. ARM130, caratterizzato da una funzionalità dimetossifenilica, ha restituito le migliori performances dell’1.83%. L’ultimo capitolo della mia tesi riguarda invece lo studio di un controelettrodo (CE) alternativo per DSSCs basato su polimeri conduttori a base di poli(3,4-etilendiossitiofene) (PEDOT), fra questi il ben noto PEDOT/ClO4 (PER), elettropolimerizzato da solventi organici, risulta essere il miglior materiale elettrocatalitico. Al fine di studiare soluzioni più sostenibile, abbiamo esplorato le proprietà elettrochimiche di CE a base di PEDOT/Nafion (NAF) prodotti in ambiente acquoso. Il comportamento elettrocatalitico di PER e NAF è stato investigato in celle simmetriche mediante LSV ed EIS e in celle solari in presenza di D35, quest’ultimo ha generato efficienze di cella comparabili a quelle registrate in presenza di PER.
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Falsgraf, Erika S. "Biologically-Derived Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: A Cleaner Alternative for Solar Energy." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2012. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/pomona_theses/61.

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This project employs the biological compounds hemin, melanin, and retinoic acid as photoactive dyes in dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). These dyes are environmentally and economically superior to the standard ruthenium-based dyes currently used in DSSCs because they are nontoxic and widely available. Characterization by linear sweep voltammetry yielded averaged maximum overall conversion efficiency values of 0.059% for retinoic acid, 0.023% for melanin, and 0.015% for hemin. Absorption spectra of hemin and retinoic acid suggest that they would complement each other well when used in tandem in one cell because hemin has a secondary maximum absorption peak at 613nm and retinoic acid has maximum absorption at 352nm. Cells made with hemin or melanin performed better with the use of lower temperatures to seal the cells, and hemin cells performed exceptionally well with exclusion of the sealing procedure. These biologically-derived cells have the potential to advance the development of inexpensive and safer solar energy sources, which promise to serve as clean energy sources in the near future.
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Garcia, Mayo Susana. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells: the future of consumer electronics?" Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Energisystem och byggnadsteknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-36993.

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Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) or Grätzel cells are electrochemical devices in where physicochemical properties of different materials are combined to obtain electric energy. These photoconversion devices have evolved from a pioneering concept of molecular photovoltaics to industrial development with confirmed record efficiencies of 14.3%. Their efficiency combined with low-cost production methods and a high aesthetic interest enables the production of DSSC products for consumer electronics market. The strengths of this technology and the fact that its drawbacks are not limiting for this application makes consumer electronics and DSSC a perfect match for the development of self-powered devices. Some companies have already spot a potential market and are currently launching different consumer electronics and other devices with embedded DSSC. This thesis provides an overview of the operation principles of DSSC and the possible routes to improve the efficiency of these devices to emerge and thrive. Additionally, improvements in efficiency, stability and manufacturing needed to be addressed in the near future for this technology are discussed and its suitability to represent a breakthrough in the market of consumer electronics. An overview of the main companies developing DSSC and current prototypes and products is included.
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Hasin, Panitat. "Developing New Types of Electrode Materials for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1258071882.

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LONGHI, ELENA. "MOLECULAR DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF DYES FOR DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS (DSSCS)." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/168368.

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ABSTRACT Background Solar energy plays a critical role in meeting the global energy challenge and represents one of the most promising energy sources for the future of the planet. Solar or photovoltaic cells are currently a hot topic on the market, these are devices that convert the energy of sunlight directly into electricity trough the photovoltaic effect. Strong and competitive research is currently devoted to lower the material costs of solar cells, and to increase their energy conversion efficiency. Up to now, commercially available photovoltaic technologies are based on inorganic materials, mainly crystalline silicon (first generation) and other semiconductors, such as gallium arsenide, indium phosphide and cadmium telluride (second generation In addition to high costs, also in terms of energy consuming, in fabrication processes, several of those materials are toxic and have low natural abundance. Therefore, in the last two decades the research focused on the development of a third generation of solar cells based on hybrid or organic materials, that offers a number of advantages, such as: high molar extinction coefficients, versatility of the chemical design for modulating the electronic properties, easy processability as well as low manufacturing costs. Although the efficiencies of organic-based photovoltaic cells ( 8%) are still at the moment a long way behind those obtained with purely inorganic based photovoltaic technologies ( 20%), the power conversion efficiency of organic solar cells have been significantly improved and there are expectations for more important results. Among the third generation of solar cells, the Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC), also called Grätzel cells, have emerged as very promising candidates for low-cost alternative to conventional semiconductor photovoltaic devices. A DSSC cell scheme is shown in Figure 1. The cell components are: a mesoporous film of TiO2 (anode), a dye-sensitizer, an electrolyte, an electrochemical mediator and a cathode. The photovoltaic process in this cells can be resumed as follows: the dye-sensitizer (S), linked to semiconducting TiO2 surface (usually through a carboxylic group), absorbs a photon passing to the excited state S*, which transfers an electron to the conduction band of TiO2. The oxidized S+ thus obtained, is reduced by a redox mediator, generally I- from the couple I-/I3- dissolved in the electrolyte. The electron injected in TiO2 through the external circuit arrives to the cathode, where the reduction of I3- regenerates the iodide, closing the circuit. (Figure 1). Figure 1 The DSSC technology separates two requirements as: i) the charge generation, done at the semiconductor-dye interface and ii) the charge transport, done by the semiconductor and the electrolyte. Consequently, carrier transport properties can be improved by optimizing the semiconductor and electrolyte composition, while the spectral properties and thus charge generation can be improved by modifying the dye structure, that can be tailored in many ways by organic chemistry contribution. Many kinds of dyes have been studied for DSSCs application and in principle they could be divided in two classes (Figure 2): 1. metal complexes (N719, Zn-porphyrine e.g YD2-o-C8) , , 2. metal-free system Donor-Spacer-Acceptor (TA-St-CA) Figure 2 Up to now the best efficiencies (~11%) have been reached using ruthenium complexes, thanks to their large absorption range from visible to near infrared (NIR), and their capability to easily inject electrons in the conducting band of the semiconductor. The metal based chromophores still have several disadvantages such as not very high molar extinction coefficient and the presence of the expensive metal, such as ruthenium, which involves complicated synthesis and hard purification steps. On the contrary, metal-free dyes are simple and cheap to prepare and it is possible to easily modulate their photo- and electrochemical properties varying the functionalization, but very high efficiencies have not been achieved yet. The obtainment of new and more efficient dyes is therefore object of competitive international researches. Within this context, the present Ph.D. research project has focused on the synthesis of new metal-complexes and metal-free organic dyes characterized by a Donor-Spacer-Acceptor (D-π-A) structure, (Figure 3) in which the novelty is represented by the presence of benzo-condensed thiophene units as π bridge spacer. Figure 3 Aim of the work In such chromophores the π spacer plays a fundamental role, as it is responsible for the electronic communication between acceptor and donor moiety and for the extension of the conjugation that lead to wider and red-shifted absorption spectra. To date a number of new π-conjugated aromatic and heteroaromatic systems have been investigated and among these, thiophene or thienothiophene π-bridges have been reported to give remarkable efficiency. Benzodithiophenes systems BDT and BDT1 (Figure 4) attracted our attention because their rigid, π-conjugated, condensed-polycyclic structure , leads to unique electronic properties such as conductivity, high field effect mobility and tunable stacking in the solid state; rigid structures hamper the roto- vibrational modes responsible for the deactivation of the excited states in functional materials. Figure 4 In this Ph. D. work we investigated synthesis of suitably functionalized BDT and BDT1 derivatives as well as their use for the construction of two classes of dyes: 1) Zn-porphyrin based dyes (in collaboration with the research group of Prof. Pizzotti and Prof. Ugo) and 2) metal-free dyes and, Zn-porphyrin based dyes In addition the design of the new dyes have been oriented by preliminary theoretical calculations, done in collaboration with Dr. Filippo De Angelis of CNR-ISTM in Perugia, that allowed to gain insight into the molecular, ground and excited state electronic structure of the new chromophores. 1. Synthesis of new benzodithiophene containing Zn-porphyrins Metal porphyrins, characterised by very strong absorption bands around 450 nm (Soret band) and 600-700 nm (Q band) are potentially interesting as dyes for DSSC. For example, some push-pull type porphyrins bearing a carboxylic acid moiety as an anchoring group, have disclosed a remarkably high power conversion efficiency (6-7%), therefore in the recent years some research efforts have been devoted to the design, synthesis and application of new porphyrin-based chromophores for DSSC. , , The unique feature of these sensitizers is that the porphyrin chromophore itself constitutes the π-bridge of the D-π-A structure and with the aim of increasing the conjugation of the system, some new Zn porphyrins, containing the BDT1 unit (Figure 5), have been designed in our group. These porphyrin molecules are differently functionalized in 5,15 and 10,20 meso positions. In positions 5 and 15, aromatic rings bearing bulky groups are needed to avoid aggregation on the semiconductor surface, that drastically Figure 5 reduce the dye light-harvesting by a filtering effect. In 10,20 meso positions the structure presents two π-delocalized aromatic systems with opposite (electron-withdrawing or electron-donating) properties, in order to realize a push-pull system in which is possible to modulate the position and the intensity of the Q band and to favor the electron flow. The most promising structures were selected on the basis of preliminary theoretical calculations done by Dr. De Angelis and synthesized in collaboration with Prof. Ugo and Prof. Pizzotti’s research group. The novel Zn-porphyrin system 1 (Figure 6) was first synthesized, whose structure is characterized by the presence of BDT1 system in the acceptor part of the molecule. The suitable 2,6 di-functionalized BDT1 derivative was prepared and then linked to the porphyrin core. Figure 6 The resulting new Zn-porphyrin 1 was completely characterized from the analytical and photophysical point of view and used in preliminary tests as dye in Grätzel solar cells, giving an efficiency of 0.6%. Slightly optimization of the cell structure and in the composition of the electrolyte led to an increased efficiency of 2,54%. This result, although unsatisfactory, served as a starting point for the set-up of a number of synthetic protocols and for designing more targeted substitution and variation in the molecule structure. This part of the work is currently under progress. 2. Synthesis of benzodithiophene containing metal-free dye As already mentioned, the general structure of a metal-free dye, reported in Figure 3, presents a donor and an acceptor unit linked by a π-conjugate system. The most efficient structures reported in the literature contain triarylamines as donor unit, because of the prominent electron-donating ability and hole-transport of such molecules. Within this topic we designed novel metal-free triarylamine-containing organic dyes endowed with the innovative spacers BDT1 and its isomer BDT. Also in this case the design of the new compounds was oriented by preliminary TD-DFT calculations made by Dr. De Angelis, on two parent BDT1-containing structures 15 and 16, which differ from each other by the presence of a triple or a double bond. (Figure 7) With the aim to investigate the structure-performance relationship of the dyes in the cell, we designed a small library of structures, changing the BDT-bridge (17), the acceptor group (18) or the donor (19, 20) with respect of the model compound 16. (Figure 7). This allowed us to investigate the potentiality of BDT and BDT1 in the dyes in combination with double or triple bond in order to elongate the conjugation, and to obtain band gap reduction and enlarge the absorption spectra. In particular, the presence of the triple bond should ensures more planarity and therefore conjugation and avoids energy losses due to photoisomerization. The series of synthesized dyes are reported in figure 7. Figure 7 Almost all the dyes synthesized have also been characterized from a photophysical as well as electrochemical point of view, with the aim of identifying, among them, the most interesting and promising compounds for application in solar cells and try to clarify the relationship between the chemical structure and photovoltaic performances. Preliminary test in DSCs have been carried out for some of the dyes and among these dye 16 has emerged as the most promising one leading to an efficiency in liquid state cell of 5.11% and confirming the potential of BDT1 π-spacer for application in DSSCs. The cell efficiency found for 16, which is however still under optimization, allows us to say that this dye ranks among the promising dyes to date reported in literature. In addition, it must be pointed out that dye 16 seems to possess most of the essential chromophore characteristics required for obtaining high-performance DSSCs. The systematic study developed during the present Ph.D. thesis will be very useful for future improvement of the synthesized structures and their photovoltaic performances in DSSCs.
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Hua, Yong. "Design and synthesis of new organic dyes for highly efficient dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs)." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2014. https://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_oa/71.

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Dye-sensitized solar cell (DSSC) has attracted increasing interest as a promising hybrid organic-inorganic solar cell. At the heart of the device is a photosensitizer, which is anchored onto a wide-bandgap semiconducting metal oxide. It harvests solar light and transfers the energy via electron transfer to a suitable material (e.g. TiO2) to produce electricityas opposed to chemical energy in plant. The topic of this thesis focuses on the design and synthesis of metal-free organic dyes for applications in DSSCs. Specific attention has been paid to the correlation between the molecular structures and physical properties, as well as their performances in DSSCs. Chapter 1 presents the major components and working principle of DSSC, following by a brief overview of the development of organic dyes and their application in DSSCs. In chapter 2, we have designed two types of new phenothiazine-based dyes to investigate the positioning effect a donor group on the cell performance. The structural features of a donor aryl group at the C(7) position of phenothiazine core extend the π-conjugation of the chromophore and efficiently suppress the dye aggregation on TiO2 film. As a result, Type 1 dyes have better light harvesting properties in contact with TiO2 films, and give much better photovoltaic performance than Type 2 dyes. Chapter 3 presents the synthesis and characterization of a series of simple phenothiazine-based dyes, in which, a linear electron-rich (4-hexyloxy)phenyl group at C(7) of the phenothiazine periphery as the donor, and an alkyl chain with different length at N(10). The dye molecules show a linear shape which is favorable for the formation of a compact dye layer on the TiO2 surface, while their butterfly conformations can sufficiently inhibit molecular aggregation. Moreover, the alkyl substituents with different chain length at N(10) could further optimize the performance through complete shielding the surface of TiO2 from the Iˉ/I3ˉ electrolyte. Under simulated AM 1.5G irradiation, the PT-C6 based DSSC produces a short-circuit photocurrent of 15.32 mAcm−2, an open-circuit photovoltage of 0.78 V, a fill factor of 0.69, corresponding to a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.18%. Moreover, we designed a stepwise approach for co-adsorption of the organic dye PT-C6 with a porphyrin dye (ZnP) for DSSCs. Upon optimization, the device made of the PT-C6 + ZnP system yielded Jsc = 19.36 mA cm-2, Voc =0.735 V, FF = 0.71 and η = 10.10%. In chapter 4, we further developed five organic dyes appended with T, TT, E, ET, or EE (T and E denote thiophene and 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT), respectively) on the C(7) atom of phenothiazine core as electron donors. We have also analyzed the structure-performance corelations of dye molecules in the aspect of dye aggregation, electron injection, dye regeneration and interfacial charge recombination of electrons with electrolytes and/or oxidized dye molecules, through DFT calculation, impedance analysis and transient photovoltage studies. In chapter 5, we extended our studies by using phenothiazine as a building block to construct 3D bulky organic dyes. We systematically investigated the influence of 3D bulky substituents on dye aggregation and charge recombination, as well as photovoltaic performance of DSSCs. The molecular design strategy demonstrates that high Voc can be realized by employing 3D-phenothiazine dyes featuring a bulky substituent, such as, hexylcarbazole and dihexylfluorene units. Impressively, the co-adsorbent-free DSSCs based on dye TP3 exhibits a photovoltaic performance with efficiency up to 8.00 %. In order to realize a panchromatic absorption and further enhance the energy conversion efficiency of DSSCs, we also designed a stepwise approach for co-adsorption of the organic dye TP3 with a NIR dye YR6 for co-sensitized DSSCs. Upon optimization, the device made of the TP3 + YR6 system yielded Jsc = 19.18 mA cm-2, Voc =0.721 V, FF = 0.712 and η = 9.84 %. The power-conversion efficiency is the highest reported efficiency for a squaraine dye-based co-sensitized panchromatic DSSCs. From chapters 6 and 7, a series of new simple panchromatic dyes based on thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (PyT) have been designed for panchromatic DSSCs. These new organic dyes exhibit broad absorption spectrum in the range of 300~850 nm and high molar extinction coefficients. The electrochemical analyses demonstrate that the incorporation of the auxiliary electron-deficient thiadiazole[3,4-c]pyridine unit can fine-tune the HOMO and LUMO energy levels and red-shift the absorption spectra to NIR region. The overall conversion efficiencies of liquid-electrolyte DSSCs based on these sensitizers range from 0.46 to 6.30 %. We draw some conclusions in chapter 8 together with the outlooks in DSSCs
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Books on the topic "Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)"

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Kosyachenko, Leonid A. Solar cells: Dye-sensitized devices. Rijeka, Croatia: InTech, 2011.

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Travino, Michael R. Dye-sensitized solar cells and solar cell performance. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publisher, 2011.

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A new sight towards dye-sensitized solar cells: Material and theoretical. Stafa-Zurich: Trans Tech Publications, 2011.

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Yun, Sining, and Anders Hagfeldt, eds. Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.

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Arakawa, Hironori. Shikiso zōkan taiyō denchi no saishin gijutsu. Tōkyō: Shīemushī Suppan, 2001.

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Z, Zhang Jin, Clark Hal, California Energy Commission. Energy Innovations Small Grant Program., and California Energy Commission. Public Interest Energy Research., eds. Development and characterization of improved solid state dye-sensitized nanocrystalline solar cells. [Sacramento, Calif.]: Public Interest Energy Research, California Energy Commission, 2003.

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Pandikumar, Alagarsamy, and R. Jothilakshmi. Potential development in dye-sensitized solar cells for renewable energy. Durnten-Zurich: Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2014.

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Yŏnʼguwŏn, Hanʼguk Chŏnja Tʻongsin, and Korea (South) Chŏngbo Tʻongsinbu, eds. Chʻa sedae PC-yong ioniksŭ soja kaebal =: Development of ionics device for operating next-generation PC. [Seoul]: Chŏngbo Tʻongsinbu, 2005.

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Jinkō kōgōsei to yūkikei taiyō denchi: Saishin no gijutsu to sono kenkyū kaihatsu = Artificial photosynthesis and organic solar cell. Kyōto-shi: Kagaku Dōjin, 2010.

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Elsevier, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2018-0-03160-6.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)"

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Ma, Lanchao, and Xiaowei Zhan. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs)." In Organic Optoelectronics, 437–65. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527653454.ch10.

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Ayele, Delele W., Wei-Nein Su, John Rick, Hung-Ming Chen, Chun-Jern Pan, Nibret G. Akalework, and Bing-Joe Hwang. "Organometallic Compounds for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC)." In Advances in Organometallic Chemistry and Catalysis, 501–11. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118742952.ch38.

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Zhou, Xiao, Chen Wang, Yangliang Zhang, Wen Fang, Yuzhi Hou, Chen Zhang, Xiaodong Wang, and Sining Yun. "Cell Efficiency Table of DSSCs with Various Counter Electrode Electrocatalysts." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 531–617. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.app1.

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Kumar, Rahul, and Parag Bhargava. "Counter Electrodes in DSSCs Based on Carbon Derived from Edible Sources." In Counter Electrodes for Dye-sensitized and Perovskite Solar Cells, 71–92. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527813636.ch4.

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Munukutla, Lakshmi V., Aung Htun, Sailaja Radhakrishanan, Laura Main, and Arunachala M. Kannan. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Solar Cell Nanotechnology, 159–84. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118845721.ch6.

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Zhang, Chunfu, Jincheng Zhang, Xiaohua Ma, and Qian Feng. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell." In Semiconductor Photovoltaic Cells, 325–72. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-9480-9_8.

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Hara, Kohjiro, and Shogo Mori. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, 642–74. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470974704.ch15.

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Hara, Kohjiro, and Hironori Arakawa. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In Handbook of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, 663–700. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0470014008.ch15.

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Godin, Biana, Elka Touitou, Rajaram Krishnan, Michael J. Heller, Nicolas G. Green, Hossein Nili, David J. Bakewell, et al. "Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." In Encyclopedia of Nanotechnology, 604. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9751-4_100196.

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Zdyb, Agata. "Dye-sensitized Solar Cells." In Third Generation Solar Cells, 47–68. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003196785-3.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)"

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Nguyen, Crystal, Daniel Volpe, William Wilson, Mansour Zenouzi, and Jason Avent. "Efficiency Experiments on Modified Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-68773.

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Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) is a relatively new form of solar panels which use a photo reactive dye and electrolytic cell to capture sunlight and turn it into electricity. The efficiency of DSSCs is about 10% but they are much less expensive to produce than silicon solar cells. The carbon dioxide release from DSSC manufacture is much less than a silicon solar cell, so DSSCs pay back their greenhouse gas emissions rapidly, while many silicon panels may never pay back the pollution they require to manufacture. Because of greater efficiency, silicon solar cells still produce power more cheaply than DSSC. Slight improvements to efficiency or reduction in cost would make these solar panels a more cost effective solution for photovoltaic power. A standard DSSC was built and compared to a modified version using a graphite layer instead of platinum. Surprisingly, the graphite panel outperformed the platinum panel. This is thought to be a result of inexperienced manufacturing. Recommendations for improvements for the experiment are outlined.
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Li, Jinwei, Shiyou Xu, and Yong Shi. "TiO2 Nanofibers Based Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In ASME 2009 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2009-13027.

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Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) are promising photovoltaic devices as they offer advantages such as low cost and easy for fabrication et al. The key part of the original DSSC is a sintered film of nanoparticles which has a large surface area for the absorption of dyes. It has been reported that boundaries of nanoparticles diminish the efficiency of charge transport in the nanoparticle network, and lead to charge–carrier recombination. The one dimensional morphology of the nanofiber is believed to improve electron transport efficiency without sacrificing the high specific surface area for the adsorption of dyes. In this paper, TiO2 nanofibers are used to replace TiO2 nanoparticles in the DSSC. The film of nanofibers was synthesized by electrospinning process and collected on the transparent conductive glass substrate. The precursor used for the electrospinning of the nanofiber consists of titanium (IV) isopropoxide, acetate acid, ethanol and polyvinylpyrrolidone(PVP). After the electrospinning process, nanofibers were pretreated at 120°C for 2 hours and annealed at 500°C in atmosphere for another 2 hours. Then DSSC with the film of TiO2 nanofibers were assembled and characterized through electrical measurements. Open circuit voltage of 0.7V and short circuit current densities of 0.45mA/cm2 were achieved.
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James, Sagil, Rinkesh Contractor, Chris Veyna, and Galen Jiang. "Fabrication of Efficient Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Using Additive Manufacturing." In ASME 2018 13th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2018-6709.

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Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSC) are third generation solar cells used as an alternative to c-Si solar cells. DSSC are mostly flexible, easier to handle and are less susceptible to damage compared to c-Si solar cells. Additionally, DSSC is an excellent choice for indoor application as they perform better under diverse light condition. Most DSSCs are made of liquid medium sandwiched between two conductive polymer layers. However, DSSCs have significantly lower efficiencies compared to silicon solar cells. Also, use of liquid medium resulting in leaking of liquid, and occasional freezing during cold weather, and thermal expansion during hot weather conditions. DSSC can be manufactured in small quantities using relatively inexpensive solution-phase techniques such as roll-to-roll processing and screen printing technology. However, scaling-up the DSSC manufacturing from small-scale laboratory tests to sizeable industrial production requires better and efficient manufacturing processes. This research studies the feasibility of using additive manufacturing technique to fabricate electrodes of DSSC. The study aims to overcome the limitations of DSSCs including preventing leakage and providing more customized design. Experimental studies are performed to evaluate the effects of critical process parameters affecting the quality of electrodes for DSSC. Volume resistivity test is performed to evaluate the efficiency of the electrodes. In this study, the electrodes of DSSC are successfully fabricated using Fused Disposition Modeling (FDM) 3D printing technique. The results of this study would enable additive manufacturing technology towards rapid commercialization of DSSC technology.
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Li, Jinwei, and Yong Shi. "Electron Transport and Recombination in TiO2 Nanofiber Dye Sensitized Solar Cell." In ASME 2011 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2011-64979.

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Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), a new type of photo-electrochemical solar cells, are a promising alternative to the silicon based photovoltaic because they hold advantages of low cost, simple manufacturing processes and higher conversion efficiency compared with other types of excitonic solar cell. DSSCs with conversion efficiencies of up to 11% have been achieved with a highly stable electrolyte under AM1.5G conditions. Recently, one dimensional (1D) electrospun TiO2 nanofibers have been used as the DSSC photoanode to improve the electron transport efficiency and enhance the light harvest efficiency by scattering more light in the red part of the solar spectrum. In this paper, stepped light induced transient measurement of photocurrent and voltage (SLIM-PCV) has been employed to study electron transport and recombination in DSSCs. Electron diffusion coefficients and electron lifetimes were measured with differing light intensities. The electron diffusion coefficients and electron lifetimes strong correlate with intensity, which indicates the trap limited diffusion process for electrons in the TiO2 nanofiber DSSC.
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Nithyanandam, Karthik, and Ranga Pitchumani. "Analysis and Design of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells." In 2010 14th International Heat Transfer Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ihtc14-23101.

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Dye sensitized solar cells (DSC) are an attractive alternative to the conventional photovoltaic cell because of their low cost electricity production from solar radiation. The advantages of a DSC include the ability to generate power without emitting pollutants and requiring no fuel. While modeling of the physical and transport phenomena in DSC has been widely reported in the literature, a thorough analysis to quantitatively determine the optimal design and operating configuration in installation is lacking. The present study incorporates a model of the DSC coupled with a model to predict global irradiance on a terrestrial surface to analyze the hourly, daily, monthly and annual performance of a DSC installation over a wide range of design and operating parameters. Optimum design and operating parameters are derived from the analysis.
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Ando, Y., S. Tobe, and H. Tahara. "Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using Titanium Oxide Photo Voltaic Devices Fabricated by Different Thermal Plasma Processes." In ITSC2007, edited by B. R. Marple, M. M. Hyland, Y. C. Lau, C. J. Li, R. S. Lima, and G. Montavon. ASM International, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2007p1093.

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Abstract Since Dye sensitized solar cell (DSC) is a solar cell which uses anatase film as photo voltaic device, production cost of DSC can be very low in comparison with that of silicon solar cell. Besides, according to some theoretical discussion on DSC, the electric power conversion efficiency can be raised to 30%. Therefore, DSC will be mainly used in future. In this study, in order to develop a low cost fabrication process for photo voltaic device of DSC, photo-catalytic titanium oxide film depositions were carried out by thermal plasma CVD (TPCVD) and thermal spraying. As working gas for plasma jet, and substrate, Ar gas and 20mm×40mm×1mm copper plate were used. Feedstock materials were titanium tetra butoxide in TPCVD and rutile powder in thermal spraying. In the DSCs using these films, cathodes (titanium oxide coated electrodes) were located beneath the transparent anodes. Consequently, in the case of TPCVD, anatase dominant film could be deposited and the DSC using this TPCVD film could generate 50 mV in electro motive force. Furthermore, even in case of thermal spraying, though rutile powder was used, photo-catalytic coating (anatase and rutile mixture coating) could be obtained by cooling substrate during coating and post heat treatment. It was confirmed that the electromotive force of the DSC using this thermal spray coating was almost the same as that of the DSC using the TPCVD film. From these results, these thermal plasma processes was found to have high potential for DSC fabrication.
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Sayer, Robert A., Stephen L. Hodson, and Timothy S. Fisher. "Improved Efficiency of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using Aligned Carbon Nanotubes." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90331.

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Dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) offer many advantages in comparison to their Si-based counterparts, including lower cost of raw materials, faster manufacturing time, and the ability to be integrated with flexible substrates. Although many advances have been made in DSSC fabrication over recent years, their efficiency remains lower than commercially available Si photovoltaic cells. Here we report improved efficiency of TiO2/anthocyanin dye solar cell using aligned arrays of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a counter electrode. Dense vertically oriented CNT arrays are grown directly on the counter electrode using microwave plasma chemical vapor deposition and a tri-layer (Ti/Al/Fe) catalyst. The resulting arrays are 30 micrometers in height and have a number density of approximately five hundred million per square millimeter. By directly growing the CNTs on the counter electrode substrate, electrical interface conductance is enhanced. The performance of both as-grown and N-doped (using a nitrogen plasma) CNT arrays is reported. The fabricated DSSCs are tested under AM1.5 light. Increased short circuit current is observed in comparison to graphite and Pt counter electrodes. We attribute this improvement to the large surface area created by the 3D structure of the arrays in comparison to the planar geometry of the graphite and Pt electrodes as well as the excellent electrical properties of the CNTs.
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Shakir, Sehar, and Hafiz M. Abd-ur-Rehman. "Enhancement in Photovoltaic Performance of Dye Sensitized Solar Cells Using Cu and Cu:Ag Co-Doped TiO2 Photoanode." In ASME 2016 Power Conference collocated with the ASME 2016 10th International Conference on Energy Sustainability and the ASME 2016 14th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2016-59477.

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Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) are low cost solar cells offering big room for improvements in its photovoltaic performance by maneuvering semiconductor properties, dye adsorption, electrolyte stability etc. For the first time, we have co-doped TiO2 with silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) to enhance both charge collection and light absorption as well as reduce recombinations for DSSCs. For high solar cell efficiency 3wt% Cu and 3wt% Cu:Ag doped TiO2 nps were successfully prepared for Dye Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs). Modified photoanode was prepared using surface adsorbed N719 dye on doctor blade coated TiO2, Cu:TiO2 and Cu:Ag:TiO2 thin films. It was observed that optimum doping concentration of Cu and silver was 3wt% each. DSSCs with Cu:Ag:TiO2 thin film showed higher conversion efficiency under full sunlight illumination when compared to DSSCs assembled using Cu:TiO2 and undoped TiO2. The obtained efficiencies for DSSCs with undoped TiO2, Cu:TiO2 and Cu:Ag:TiO2 photoanodes were 2%, 2.7% and 4.5% respectively. Solar cells assembled with Cu only doped TiO2 electrode when compared with cells assembled using pristine TiO2, showed an increase in Voc while Jsc was decreased Furthermore, cells doped with both Ag and Cu showed enhancement in both Voc and Jsc. The enhancement in cell performance has been discussed in context of morphology, crystal phase, presence of bonds etc. in nanoparticles. Considering overall better performance, Cu:Ag doped TiO2 photoanodes can be considered as potential photoanodes in DSSCs.
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Subodro, Rohmat, Budi Kristiawan, Ari Handono Ramelan, Sayekti Wahyuningsih, Hanik Munawaroh, Qonita Awliya Hanif, and Liya Nikmatul Maula Zulfa Saputri. "Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells (DSSCs) reengineering using TiO2 with natural dye (anthocyanin)." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON ENGINEERING, SCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016 (ICESNANO 2016). Author(s), 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4968357.

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James, Sagil, and Karan Parikh. "Study on Selective Electroless Plating of 3D Printed Counter Electrodes for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells." In ASME 2019 14th International Manufacturing Science and Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/msec2019-2887.

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Abstract Dye-Sensitized solar cells (DSSC) are considered to be the replacement for traditional silicon solar cells. DSSCs have been noticed widely due to its simplified material handling, easy fabrication, durability and their ability to perform better under diverse lighting conditions. However, there are significant challenges that are faced by DSSCs such as lower efficiency, chemical instability, and leakage of the electrolyte under high-temperature conditions. The fabrication of counter electrodes for DSSCs require the use of expensive materials and techniques which increases the cost as well as limits mass production. These limitations can be addressed through a cost-effective fabrication process for counter electrodes of DSSCs. This research focuses on enhancing the conductivity and catalytic activity of the counter electrodes of DSSCs through a novel selective electroless plating technique. The proposed selective electroless plating technique helps to overcome the issues of high cost, toxicity, and complex manufacturing processing of conventional DSSC. Moreover, the fabrication of the DSSC is supplemented using additive manufacturing technology. The technique further helps to enhance the performance, provide excellent design flexibility while reducing the manufacturing cost. The results of the study show selective electroless plating is an effective technique for the fabrication of low-cost counter electrodes for DSSCs. The efficiencies of the DSSC are comparable with DSSC fabricated through conventional expensive and toxic materials.
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Reports on the topic "Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSCs)"

1

Sweeney, Charles B., Mark Bundy, Mark Griep, and Shashi P. Karna. Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Flexible Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada611102.

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James, Keith. The Effects of Phosphonic Acids in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Portland State University Library, January 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.15760/etd.2946.

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HANNA, LAUREN, and PATRICK WARD. ENHANCING CHARGE INJECTION IN POLYOXOMETALATE-BASED DYE-SENSITIZED SOLAR CELLS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1891252.

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Cramer, Hailey E., Mark H. Griep, and Shashi P. Karna. Synthesis, Characterization, and Application of Gold Nanoparticles in Green Nanochemistry Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada568748.

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Hamann, Thomas. Molecular and Material Approaches to Overcome Kinetic and Energetic Constraints in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1338205.

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Elliott, C. Michael, and Amy L. Prieto. Transition Metal Polypyridine Complexes: Studies of Mediation in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells and Charge Separation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1342993.

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Chauhan, Rahul. Development of dye-sensitized solar cells using algal-based natural dyes for climate change mitigation. Peeref, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54985/peeref.2212p1968754.

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