Journal articles: 'DWI Sequence optimization'

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Zong, Xiao Ping, Hai Bin Zhang, Lei Hao, and Pei Guang Wang. "Improved Ant Colony Algorithm and Application in Sequence Images of Prostate DWI Registration." Advanced Materials Research 1049-1050 (October 2014): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1049-1050.530.

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Because of the drift which exists in sequence image of prostate DWI (Diffusion Weighted Imaging), the global ant colony algorithm is introduced into the paper for registration optimization. The paper introduces an ant colony algorithm for continuous function optimization, based on max-min ant system (MMAS). This paper controls the transition probabilities and enhances the abilities of ants seeking globally optimal solutions by adding an adjustable factor in the basic ant colony algorithm and updating the local pheromone and global pheromone. Experimental results verify the effectiveness of the algorithm.

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Yao, Xiaopeng, Xinqiao Huang, Chunmei Yang, Anbin Hu, Guangjin Zhou, Jianbo Lei, and Jian Shu. "A Novel Approach to Assessing Differentiation Degree and Lymph Node Metastasis of Extrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma: Prediction Using a Radiomics-Based Particle Swarm Optimization and Support Vector Machine Model." JMIR Medical Informatics 8, no. 10 (October 5, 2020): e23578. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/23578.

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Background Radiomics can improve the accuracy of traditional image diagnosis to evaluate extrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (ECC); however, this is limited by variations across radiologists, subjective evaluation, and restricted data. A radiomics-based particle swarm optimization and support vector machine (PSO-SVM) model may provide a more accurate auxiliary diagnosis for assessing differentiation degree (DD) and lymph node metastasis (LNM) of ECC. Objective The objective of our study is to develop a PSO-SVM radiomics model for predicting DD and LNM of ECC. Methods For this retrospective study, the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data of 110 patients with ECC who were diagnosed from January 2011 to October 2019 were used to construct a radiomics prediction model. Radiomics features were extracted from T1-precontrast weighted imaging (T1WI), T2-weighted imaging (T2WI), and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) using MaZda software (version 4.6; Institute of Electronics, Technical University of Lodz). We performed dimension reduction to obtain 30 optimal features of each sequence, respectively. A PSO-SVM radiomics model was developed to predict DD and LNM of ECC by incorporating radiomics features and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values. We randomly divided the 110 cases into a training group (88/110, 80%) and a testing group (22/110, 20%). The performance of the model was evaluated by analyzing the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC). Results A radiomics model based on PSO-SVM was developed by using 110 patients with ECC. This model produced average AUCs of 0.8905 and 0.8461, respectively, for DD in the training and testing groups of patients with ECC. The average AUCs of the LNM in the training and testing groups of patients with ECC were 0.9036 and 0.8889, respectively. For the 110 patients, this model has high predictive performance. The average accuracy values of the training group and testing group for DD of ECC were 82.6% and 80.9%, respectively; the average accuracy values of the training group and testing group for LNM of ECC were 83.6% and 81.2%, respectively. Conclusions The MRI-based PSO-SVM radiomics model might be useful for auxiliary clinical diagnosis and decision-making, which has a good potential for clinical application for DD and LNM of ECC.

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Jambor, Ivan. "Optimization of prostate MRI acquisition and post-processing protocol: a pictorial review with access to acquisition protocols." Acta Radiologica Open 6, no. 12 (December 2017): 205846011774557. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2058460117745574.

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The aim of this review article is to provide insight into the optimization of 1.5-Testla (T) and 3-T prostate magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). An approach for optimization of data quantification, especially diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), is provided. Benefits and limitations of various pulse sequences are discussed. Importable MRI protocols and access to imaging datasets is provided. Careful optimization of prostate MR acquisition protocol allows the acquisition of high-quality prostate MRI using clinical 1.5-T/3-T MR scanners with an overall acquisition time < 15 min.

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Guo, Ted, Tsung Hsun Tsai, Chin Cheng Chien, Michael Chan, Chan Lon Yang, and Jun Yuan Wu. "Static Charge Induced Damage during Lightly Doped Drain (LDD) by Single Wafer Cleaning Process." Solid State Phenomena 187 (April 2012): 63–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.187.63.

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The present work reports some approaches to reduce the static charge defects induced during single wafer cleaning process. Increase conductivity of DIW with CO2, adding backside rinse and IPA drying sequence optimization were evidenced to be effective by surface potential difference with Quantox tool. TEM and EELS were also used for analysis of volcano-like discharge defects.

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SureshKumar, K., B. S.Santhosh Phani Raj, K. B.Sindhush, D. Bhanu Prakash, and S. Manoj Kumar. "Successive Interference Reduction in Multi User MIMO Channels Using DCI." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.32 (May 31, 2018): 408. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.32.15727.

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Propelled by the accomplishment of Dahrouj and Yu in connecting the Han-Kobayashi transmission management for mitigating the inter-cell interference in a multi-cell multiple-use multiple in single out interference mesh, this bi-parted messages into privacy and general address in a multi-cell multi-user MIMO IN. In particular, the co-variances of the private and public messages are superintend to optimize either the sum rate or the minimal rate . The public and private messages are decoded in sequence using successive decoding. It reveals how hard to optimize problems can be adequately interpreted by D.C optimization over a simple convex set. Theoretical and simulated outputs shows the use of our proposing solutions for diverse types of Interference networks. In the superintend system, messages are fragmented into private message and public messages. In accordance to optimize the sum rate and minimal rate, co-variances of private and public messages are estimated. The successive decoding algorithm proposed for decoding both private and public messages. The optimization problems will apparent up by accomplishing the difference of concave functions (D.C). Developing a potent D.C optimization network, which is furnished over certain area of bi-parted the private and public rates in several users Multi-Input Multi-Output Interference networks for decreasing the sum rate and minimal user rate. Han Kobayashi (HK) rate bi-parting scheme is exposed as the best plan to mitigate the interference and increase the performance.

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Hasan, M. Babul, and Md Toha. "An Improved Subgradiend Optimization Technique for Solving IPs with Lagrangean Relaxation." Dhaka University Journal of Science 61, no. 2 (November 18, 2013): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v61i2.17059.

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The objective of this paper is to improve the subgradient optimization method which is used to solve non-differentiable optimization problems in the Lagrangian dual problem. One of the main drawbacks of the subgradient method is the tuning process to determine the sequence of step-lengths to update successive iterates. In this paper, we propose a modified subgradient optimization method with various step size rules to compute a tuning- free subgradient step-length that is geometrically motivated and algebraically deduced. It is well known that the dual function is a concave function over its domain (regardless of the structure of the cost and constraints of the primal problem), but not necessarily differentiable. We solve the dual problem whenever it is easier to solve than the primal problem with no duality gap. However, even if there is a duality gap the solution of the dual problem provides a lower bound to the primal optimum that can be useful in combinatorial optimization. Numerical examples are illustrated to demonstrate the method. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujs.v61i2.17059 Dhaka Univ. J. Sci. 61(2): 135-140, 2013 (July)

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Subudhi, Asit, Sanatnu Sahoo, Pradyut Biswal, and Sukanta Sabut. "SEGMENTATION AND CLASSIFICATION OF ISCHEMIC STROKE USING OPTIMIZED FEATURES IN BRAIN MRI." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 30, no. 03 (May 30, 2018): 1850011. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237218500114.

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Detection of ischemic stroke using brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) images is vital and a challenging task in clinical practice. We propose a novel method based on optimization technique to identify stroke lesion in diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) MRI sequences of the brain. The algorithm was tested in a specific slice having large area of stroke region from a series of 292 real-time images obtained from different stroke affected subjects from IMS and SUM Hospital. The proposed method consists of pre-processing, segmentation, extraction of important features and classification of stroke type. The particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Darwinian particle swarm optimization (DPSO) algorithms were applied in segmenting the stroke lesions. The important features were extracted with the gray-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) algorithm and in decision making process, the feature set is classified into three types of stroke according to The Oxfordshire Community Stroke Project (OCSP) classification using support vector machine (SVM) classifier. The lesion area was segmented effectively with DPSO process with classification weighted accuracy of 90.23%, which is higher than PSO method having weighted accuracy of 85.19%. Similarly, the values of different measured parameters were high in DPSO technique, the computational time was also higher in DPSO method for segmenting the stroke lesions. These results confirm that the DPSO-based approach with SVM classifier is an effective way to identify the decision making process of ischemic stroke lesion in MRI images of the brain.

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Parajuli, Bibek, Kriti Acharya, Aakansha Nangarlia, Shiyu Zhang, Bijay Parajuli, Alexej Dick, Brendon Ngo, Cameron F. Abrams, and Irwin Chaiken. "Identification of a glycan cluster in gp120 essential for irreversible HIV-1 lytic inactivation by a lectin-based recombinantly engineered protein conjugate." Biochemical Journal 477, no. 21 (November 13, 2020): 4263–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200495.

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We previously discovered a class of recombinant lectin conjugates, denoted lectin DLIs (‘dual-acting lytic inhibitors’) that bind to the HIV-1 envelope (Env) protein trimer and cause both lytic inactivation of HIV-1 virions and cytotoxicity of Env-expressing cells. To facilitate mechanistic investigation of DLI function, we derived the simplified prototype microvirin (MVN)-DLI, containing an MVN domain that binds high-mannose glycans in Env, connected to a DKWASLWNW sequence (denoted ‘Trp3’) derived from the membrane-associated region of gp41. The relatively much stronger affinity of the lectin component than Trp3 argues that the lectin functions to capture Env to enable Trp3 engagement and consequent Env membrane disruption and virolysis. The relatively simplified engagement pattern of MVN with Env opened up the opportunity, pursued here, to use recombinant glycan knockout gp120 variants to identify the precise Env binding site for MVN that drives DLI engagement and lysis. Using mutagenesis combined with a series of biophysical and virological experiments, we identified a restricted set of residues, N262, N332 and N448, all localized in a cluster on the outer domain of gp120, as the essential epitope for MVN binding. By generating these mutations in the corresponding HIV-1 virus, we established that the engagement of this glycan cluster with the lectin domain of MVN*-DLI is the trigger for DLI-derived virus and cell inactivation. Beyond defining the initial encounter step for lytic inactivation, this study provides a guide to further elucidate DLI mechanism, including the stoichiometry of Env trimer required for function, and downstream DLI optimization.

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Kiss-Tóth, Annamária, Laszlo Dobson, Bálint Péterfia, Annamária F. Ángyán, Balázs Ligeti, Gergely Lukács, and Zoltán Gáspári. "Occurrence of Ordered and Disordered Structural Elements in Postsynaptic Proteins Supports Optimization for Interaction Diversity." Entropy 21, no. 8 (August 6, 2019): 761. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21080761.

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The human postsynaptic density is an elaborate network comprising thousands of proteins, playing a vital role in the molecular events of learning and the formation of memory. Despite our growing knowledge of specific proteins and their interactions, atomic-level details of their full three-dimensional structure and their rearrangements are mostly elusive. Advancements in structural bioinformatics enabled us to depict the characteristic features of proteins involved in different processes aiding neurotransmission. We show that postsynaptic protein-protein interactions are mediated through the delicate balance of intrinsically disordered regions and folded domains, and this duality is also imprinted in the amino acid sequence. We introduce Diversity of Potential Interactions (DPI), a structure and regulation based descriptor to assess the diversity of interactions. Our approach reveals that the postsynaptic proteome has its own characteristic features and these properties reliably discriminate them from other proteins of the human proteome. Our results suggest that postsynaptic proteins are especially susceptible to forming diverse interactions with each other, which might be key in the reorganization of the postsynaptic density (PSD) in molecular processes related to learning and memory.

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Nithiyanandam, M., I. Rahamathullah, and R. Ashok Raj. "Optimization of process parameters in micro milling of Ti4Al4Mo2Sn using nano Al2O3 additives based minimum quantity cooling lubrication." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia 36, no. 2 (May 20, 2022): 339–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.8.

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ABSTRACT. Aerospace and automotive industries employ Ti4Al4Mo2Sn material in many applications due to its properties of better strength to weight ratio and high corrosion resistance. Ti4Al4Mo2Sn finds itself difficult to cut materials due to its physical and chemical properties and is prone to more heat generation during machining. The more generation of heat affects the machined material surface quality and other related properties. In this investigation, the thermal conductivity and stability of Al2O3/Water based nanofluids are studied to select the best composition of nanofluid for transferring heat. The thermal conductivity and stability of the nanofluid for a duration of 30 days are computed by employing the KD2 thermal property meter and pH meter, respectively. Thermal conductivity and stability of the Water/4.5 vol.% Al2O3 nanofluid are found to be better than other combination of nanofluids. In the present study, optimizing the micro milling process parameters on Ti4Al4Mo2Sn material with Minimum quantity cooling lubrication (MQL) is focused. The input parameters selected for this micro milling process are spindle speed, feed rate, depth of cut and Water/4.5vol.% Al2O3 nanofluid and the output parameters selected are cutting forces in X(Fx) and Y(Fy) directions, tool wear rate (TWR) and surface roughness (SR). The optimization is done with the help of grey relational analysis (GRA) by using L9 Orthogonal Array (OA) Taguchi design. The obtained sequence of influencing parameters are feed rate per tooth, Al2O3nanofluid, spindle speed and depth of cut. The percentage of grey relational grade (GRG) for prediction and experimental is 0.721 and 0.957. The percentage of improvement of GRG is 12.46. KEY WORDS: Ti4Al4Mo2Sn, Al2O3, Thermal conductivity, Grey relational analysis, Grey relational grade Bull. Chem. Soc. Ethiop. 2022, 36(2), 339-351. DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v36i2.8

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Whisenant, Jennifer G., Justin Romanoff, Habib Rahbar, Averi E. Kitsch, Sara M. Harvey, Linda Moy, Wendy B. DeMartini, et al. "Factors Affecting Image Quality and Lesion Evaluability in Breast Diffusion-Weighted MRI: Observations from the ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group Multisite Trial (A6702)." Journal of Breast Imaging, December 24, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbi/wbaa103.

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Abstract Objective The A6702 multisite trial confirmed that apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measures can improve breast MRI accuracy and reduce unnecessary biopsies, but also found that technical issues rendered many lesions non-evaluable on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). This secondary analysis investigated factors affecting lesion evaluability and impact on diagnostic performance. Methods The A6702 protocol was IRB-approved at 10 institutions; participants provided informed consent. In total, 103 women with 142 MRI-detected breast lesions (BI-RADS assessment category 3, 4, or 5) completed the study. DWI was acquired at 1.5T and 3T using a four b-value, echo-planar imaging sequence. Scans were reviewed for multiple quality factors (artifacts, signal-to-noise, misregistration, and fat suppression); lesions were considered non-evaluable if there was low confidence in ADC measurement. Associations of lesion evaluability with imaging and lesion characteristics were determined. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) were compared using bootstrapping. Results Thirty percent (42/142) of lesions were non-evaluable on DWI; 23% (32/142) with image quality issues, 7% (10/142) with conspicuity and/or localization issues. Misregistration was the only factor associated with non-evaluability (P = 0.001). Smaller (≤10 mm) lesions were more commonly non-evaluable than larger lesions (p <0.03), though not significant after multiplicity correction. The AUC for differentiating benign and malignant lesions increased after excluding non-evaluable lesions, from 0.61 (95% CI: 0.50–0.71) to 0.75 (95% CI: 0.65–0.84). Conclusion Image quality remains a technical challenge in breast DWI, particularly for smaller lesions. Protocol optimization and advanced acquisition and post-processing techniques would help to improve clinical utility.

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Antonelli, Gioacchino, Stefano Nardulli, and Marco Pozzetta. "The isoperimetric problem via direct method in noncompact metric measure spaces with lower Ricci bounds." ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations, July 20, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/cocv/2022052.

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We establish a structure theorem for minimizing sequences for the isoperimetric problem on noncompact RCD(K,N) spaces (X,d,H^N). Under the sole (necessary) assumption that the measure of unit balls is uniformly bounded away from zero, we prove that the limit of such a sequence is identified by a finite collection of isoperimetric regions possibly contained in pointed Gromov--Hausdorff limits of the ambient space X along diverging sequences of points. The number of such regions is bounded linearly in terms of the measure of the minimizing sequence. The result follows from a new generalized compactness theorem, which identifies the limit of a sequence of sets E_i in X_i with uniformly bounded measure and perimeter, where (X_i,d_i,H^N) is an arbitrary sequence of RCD(K,N) spaces. An abstract criterion for a minimizing sequence to converge without losing mass at infinity to an isoperimetric set is also discussed. The latter criterion is new also for smooth Riemannian spaces.

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Nelles, M., O. Guer, J. Gieseke, S. Flacke, M. von Falkenhausen, J. Schramm, M. Majores, H. Urbach, and HH Schild. "DTI Measurements of Fractional Anisotropy at 3 Tesla: Sequence optimization and reproducibility." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 178, no. 01 (March 20, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2006-931854.

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Nelles, M., O. Guer, J. Gieseke, S. Flacke, M. von Falkenhausen, J. Schramm, M. Majores, H. Urbach, and HH Schild. "DTI Measurements of Fractional Anisotropy at 3 Tesla: Sequence optimization and reproducibility." RöFo - Fortschritte auf dem Gebiet der Röntgenstrahlen und der bildgebenden Verfahren 177, no. 01 (July 10, 2006). http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-2005-931823.

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He, Yaoyao, Hao Chen, Huiting Zhang, Robert Grimm, Cecheng Zhao, Xiaofang Guo, Yulin Liu, and Zilong Yuan. "Optimization of scan parameters to reduce acquisition time for RESOLVE-based diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC)." British Journal of Radiology, June 15, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20210641.

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Objectives: To shorten acquisition time of readout segmentation of long variable echo trains (RESOLVE)-based diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) via Readout Partial Fourier (RPF) and b-value combinations. Methods: The RESOLVE-based DKI images of 38 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) were prospectively enrolled. For RESOLVE-based DKI images with 5/8 RPF and without RPF, objective and subjective evaluations of image quality were performed. A total of nine groups with different b-value combinations were simulated, and the influence of different b-value combinations for RESOLVE-RPF-based DKI sequences was assessed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC). Results: The mean values of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) in DKI images without RPF were higher than those with 5/8 RPF (252.9 ± 77.7 vs 247.3 ± 85.5 and 5.8 ± 2.8 vs 5.4 ± 2.3, respectively), but not significantly (p = 0.460 and p = 0.180, respectively). In comparing the ICCs between nine groups of different b-value combinations in RESOLVE-RPF-based DKI, group (200, 800, 2000 s/mm2), group (200, 400, 800, 2000 s/mm2) and group (200, 800, 1500, 2000 s/mm2) were not significantly different (p > 0.001) and showed excellent agreement (0.81–1.00) with that of group (200, 400, 800, 1500, 2000 s/mm2). Using b-value optimization and RPF technology, the group with RPF (200, 400, 800, 2000 s/mm2) showed a 56% reduced scanning compared with the group without RPF (200, 400, 800, 1500, 2000 s/mm2; 3 min 46 s vs 8 min 31 s, respectively). Conclusions: DKI with RPF did not significantly affect image quality, but both RPF and different b-value combinations can affect the scanning time. The combination of RPF and b-value optimization can ensure the stability of DKI parameters and reduce the scanning time by 56%. Advances in knowledge: This work is to optimize scan parameters, e.g., RPF and b-value combinations, to reduce acquisition time for RESOLVE-based DKI in NPC. To our knowledge, the effect of RESOLVE-RPF and b-value combinations on DKI has not been reported.

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El-BAROTY, Gamal, Faten ABOU-ELELLA, Hassan MOAWAD, Talaat N. El-SEBAI, Fatma ABDULAZIZ, and A. A. KHATTAB. "Optimization and Characterization of Extracellular Cellulase Produced by Native Egyptian Fungal Strain." Notulae Botanicae Horti Agrobotanici Cluj-Napoca 47, no. 3 (May 21, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.15835/nbha47311500.

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Since accumulation of agricultural wastes represents a huge problem, it was important to explore the available methods to help eliminate agricultural wastes safely, and simultaneously produce functional enzyme like cellulase. Six native Egyptian fungal strains were isolated, morphologically identified and screened for cellulose biodegradation potential, which was determined as endoglucanase or as carboximethylcellulase (CMCase). The most promising isolate (Aspergillus terreus) was selected for molecular characterizations based on sequencing of internal transcribed spacer (ITS). Further optimization experiments were accomplished on the selected strain. The strain with cellulolytic activity, 2.26 IU mL-1 was identified using ITS nucleotides (genes) sequences and the result confirmed that the strain is 99.8% homology with A. terreus. Then, it was submitted to GeneBank and given an accession number. Further optimization experiments revealed that 35ºC is the optimum temperature for cellulase production and raised the enzyme activity (EA) up to 3.19 IU mL-1. Out of two organic nitrogen sources; peptone at concentration 6 gL-1 was found to be the optimum nitrogen source for cellulase production with the highest activity 4 IU mL-1. Whereas, the different four carbon sources: microcellulose, corn stalks, wheat straw and rice straw showed significant differences in EA with values 11.07, 9.68, 7.87 and 3.71 IU mL-1, respectively at pH 3. The maximum EA was recorded to be within 5-7 days of incubation, dependent on type of carbon sources. The optimization of different incubation conditions raised cellulolytic activity from 2.26 IU mL-1 up to 11.18 IU mL-1. ********* In press - Online First. Article has been peer reviewed, accepted for publication and published online without pagination. It will receive pagination when the issue will be ready for publishing as a complete number (Volume 47, Issue 3, 2019). The article is searchable and citable by Digital Object Identifier (DOI). DOI link will become active after the article will be included in the complete issue. *********

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Yon, Maxime, Qingjia Bao, Odélia Jacqueline Chitrit, Rafael Neto Henriques, Noam Shemesh, and Lucio Frydman. "High-Resolution 3D in vivo Brain Diffusion Tensor Imaging at Ultrahigh Fields: Following Maturation on Juvenile and Adult Mice." Frontiers in Neuroscience 14 (November 20, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnins.2020.590900.

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Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) is a well-established technique for mapping brain microstructure and white matter tracts in vivo. High resolution DTI, however, is usually associated with low intrinsic sensitivity and therefore long acquisition times. By increasing sensitivity, high magnetic fields can alleviate these demands, yet high fields are also typically associated with significant susceptibility-induced image distortions. This study explores the potential arising from employing new pulse sequences and emerging hardware at ultrahigh fields, to overcome these limitations. To this end, a 15.2 T MRI instrument equipped with a cryocooled surface transceiver coil was employed, and DTI experiments were compared between SPatiotemporal ENcoding (SPEN), a technique that tolerates well susceptibility-induced image distortions, and double-sampled Spin-Echo Echo-Planar Imaging (SE-EPI) methods. Following optimization, SE-EPI afforded whole brain DTI maps at 135 μm isotropic resolution that possessed higher signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) than SPEN counterparts. SPEN, however, was a better alternative to SE-EPI when focusing on challenging regions of the mouse brain –including the olfactory bulb and the cerebellum. In these instances, the higher robustness of fully refocused SPEN acquisitions coupled to its built-in zooming abilities, provided in vivo DTI maps with 75 μm nominal isotropic spatial resolution. These DTI maps, and in particular the mean diffusion direction (MDD) details, exhibited variations that matched very well the anatomical features known from histological brain Atlases. Using these capabilities, the development of the olfactory bulb (OB) in live mice was followed from week 1 post-partum, until adulthood. The diffusivity of this organ showed a systematic decrease in its overall isotropic value and increase in its fractional anisotropy with age; this maturation was observed for all regions used in the OB's segmentation but was most evident for the lobules' centers, in particular for the granular cell layer. The complexity of the OB neuronal connections also increased during maturation, as evidenced by the growth in directionalities arising in the mean diffusivity direction maps.

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"An inexact proximal algorithm for variational inequalities." Revista ECIPeru, December 15, 2018, 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.33017/reveciperu2015.0018/.

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An inexact proximal algorithm for variational inequalities O. Sarmiento, E. A. Papa Quiroz and P. R. Oliveira Programa de Ingeniería de Sistemas y Computación - COPPE, Universidad Federal de Rio de Janeiro, 68511 CEP: 21941-972, Rio de Janeiro, Brasil. DOI: https://doi.org/10.33017/RevECIPeru2015.0018/ Abstract This paper presents a new inexact proximal method for solving monotone variational inequality problems with a given separable structure. The resulting method combines the recent proximal distances theory introduced by Auslender and Teboulle (2006) with a decomposition method given by Chen and Teboulle that was proposed to solve convex optimization problems. This method extends and generalizes proximal methods using Bregman, Phi-divergences and Quadratic logarithmic distances. Taking mild assumptions we prove that the primal-dual sequences produced by algorithm is well-defined and converge to optimal solution of the variational inequality problem. Furthermore, we show some numerical experiments, for the particular case to solve convex optimization problem, showing that the algorithm is perfectly implementable. Keywords: Inexact proximal method, variational inequality, separable structure, proximal distances. Resumen En este artículo presentamos un nuevo método proximal inexacto para resolver problemas de desigualdad variacional monótono con una estructura separable. El método resultante combina la reciente teoria de distancias proximales introducidas por Auslender y Teboulle (2006) con un método de descomposición proximal dado por Chen y Teboulle que fue propuesto para resolver problemas de optimización convexa. Este método extiende y generaliza métodos proximales usando distancias de Bregman, Phi-divergencias y logaritmo cuadrático, Asumiendo hipotesis adecuadas probamos que la sucesión primal-dual generada por el algoritmo está bien definido y converge a la solución óptima de un problema de desigualdad variacional. Además presentamos algunos resultados computacionales para el caso particular de resolver problemas de optimización convexa, mostrando asi que el algoritmo es perfectamente implementable. Descriptores: Método proximal inexacto, desigualdad variacional, estructura separable, distancias proximales.

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Pouchard, Line, Tanzima Islam, and Bogdan Nicolae. "Challenges for Implementing FAIR Digital Objects with High Performance Workflows." Research Ideas and Outcomes 8 (October 12, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/rio.8.e94835.

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New types of workflows are being used in science that couple traditional distributed and high-performance computing (HPC) with data-intensive approaches, and orchestrate ensembles of numerical simulations and artificial intelligence (AI) models. Such workflows may use AI models to supplement computation where numerical simulations may be too computationally expensive, to automate trivial yet time consuming operations, to perform preliminary selections among intractable numbers of combinations in domains as diverse as protein binding, fine-grid climate simulations, and drug discovery. They offer renewed opportunities for scientific research but exhibit high computational, storage and communications requirements [Goble et al. 2020, Al-Saadi et al. 2021, da Silva et al. 2021]. These workflows can be orchestrated by workflow management systems (WMS) and built upon composable blocks that facilitate task placement and resource allocation for parallel executions on high performance systems [Lee et al. 2021, Merzky et al. 2021]. The scientific computing communities running these kinds of workflows have been slow to adopt Findable, Accessible, Interpretable, and Re-usable (FAIR) principles, in part due to the complexity of workflow life cycles, the numerous WMS, and the specificity of HPC systems with rapidly evolving architectures and software stacks, and execution modes that require resource managers and batch schedulers [Plale et al. 2021]. FAIR Digital Objects (FDO) that encapsulate bit sequences of data, metadata, types and persistent identifiers (PID) can help promote the adoption of FAIR, enable knowledge extraction and dissemination, and contribute to re-use [De Smedt et al. 2020]. As workflows typically use data and software during planning and execution, FDOs are particularly adapted to enable re-use [Wittenburg et al. 2020]. But the benefits of FDOs such as automating data processing and actionable DO collections cannot be realized without the main components of FAIR, rich metadata and clear identifiers, being universally adopted in the community. These components are still elusive for HPC digital objects. Some metadata are added after results have been produced, are not described by controlled vocabularies, and typically left unconstrained, resulting in inefficient processes and loss of knowledge. Persistent identifiers are added at the time of publication to data supporting conclusions, so only a very small amount of data are being shared outside a small community of researchers “in the know”. In this conceptual work, one can distinguish several kinds of FDOs for HPC workflows that present both common and specific challenges to the development of canonical DO infrastructure and the implementation of FDO workflows that we discuss below: result FDOs represent computational results obtained when program execution complete, performance FDOs that contain performance measures and results from code optimization on parallel, heterogeneous architectures, intermediate FDOs from intermediate states of workflow execution, obtained from HPC checkpointing. result FDOs represent computational results obtained when program execution complete, performance FDOs that contain performance measures and results from code optimization on parallel, heterogeneous architectures, intermediate FDOs from intermediate states of workflow execution, obtained from HPC checkpointing. All these FDOs for HPC workflows should include the computing environment and system specifications on which code was executed for metadata rich enough to enable re-usability [Pouchard et al. 2019]. Containers are often being used to capture dependencies between underlying libraries and versions in the execution environment for the installation and re-use of software code [Lofstead et al. 2015, Olaya et al. 2020]. But containers published in code repositories are made available without identifiers registered with resolvers. For instance, to attribute a Digital Object Identifier to software shared in github, one must perform the additional step of registering the code into Zenodo. FDOs extracted and built in the context of a canonical workflow framework including collections will help with the attribution of persistent identifiers and the linking of execution environment with data and workflow. Computational results may include machine learning predictions resulting form stochastic training of non-deterministic models. Neural networks and deep learning models present specific challenges to result FDOs related to provenance and the selection of quantities needed to include in an FDO for the re-use of results. What information needs to be included in a FAIR Digital Object encapsulating deep learning results to make it persistent and re-usable? The description of method, data and experiment recommended in [Gundersen and Kjensmo 2018] can be instantiated in a FDO collection. To make it re-usable, it should include the model architecture, the machine learning platform and its version, a submission script that contains hyperparameters, the loss function, batch size and number of epochs [Pouchard et al. 2020]. Challenges specific to digital objects containing performance measures for HPC workflows are those related to size, selection and reduction. Performance data at scale tends to be very large, thus a principled approach to selection is needed to determine which execution counters must be included in FDOs for performance reproducibility of an application [Patki et al. 2019]. Performance FDOs should include the variables selected to show their impact on performance and the methods used for selection: do such variables represent outliers in performance metrics? What methods and thresholds are used to qualify as outliers, what impact do these outliers have on overall performance of an execution? A key contributor to the failure to capture important information in HPC workflows is that metadata and provenance capture is often “bolted on” after the fact and in a piecemeal, cumbersome, inefficient manner that impedes further analysis. An FDO approach including DO collections at the appropriate level of abstraction and rich metadata is needed. Capturing metadata automatically must take into account the appropriate granularity level for re-use across system layers and abstraction levels. Intermediate FDOs capture and fuse metadata across multiple sources during the planning and execution stages [Nicolae 2022]. Some tools already exist. Darshan is a scalable tool summarizing Input/Output file characteristics [Dai et al. 2019], Radical Cybertools [Merzky et al. 2021] can produce the provenance task graph of an execution. Such tools could be included in a canonical workflow framework as they present a path forward for composable services for HPC and would guarantee a level of encapsulation into DOs favorable to re-use.

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Hong Son, Bui, Vu Van Nga, Le Thi Diem Hong, and Do Thi Quynh. "Potent Natural Inhibitors of Alpha-Glucosidase and the Application of Aspergillus spp. in Diabetes type 2 Drugs: a Review." VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 38, no. 1 (March 24, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.25073/2588-1132/vnumps.4334.

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Diabetes Mellitus has been becoming a disease of the century, and disease incidence is still rising worldwide. It causes many serious complications, especially in the eye, heart, kidneys, brain, and vascular system, such as diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, liver failure, etc. Moreover, the process of controlling this disease is complicated. Meanwhile, the antidiabetic drugs on the market are facing some problems with a wide range of adverse reactions. Therefore, finding new drugs to treat diabetes has always been a topic that many researchers are interested in, especially drugs derived from nature like microorganisms and medicinal plants. This review is to provide knowledge concerning the effects of α-glucosidase inhibitors, which are oral antidiabetic drugs commonly used for diabetes mellitus type 2. Besides, we show readers the variety of active ingredients originating from nature, particularly the secondary metabolites of Aspergillus spp., which have many applications in the chemical and medicinal industry. Keywords: Diabetes, α-glucosidase inhibitors, Aspergillus. References [1] W. H. Organization, Classification of Diabetes Mellitus, https://www.who.int/westernpacific/health-topics/diabetes (accessed on: May 11th, 2021).[2] J. Thrasher, Pharmacologic Management of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Available Therapies, Am J Cardiol, Vol. 120, No. 1, 2017, pp. S4-S16, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amjcard.2017.05.009.[3] W. Hakamata, M. Kurihara, H. Okuda, T. Nishio, T. 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Sk, Farooq. "Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 Journal > Journal > Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 > Page 6 PERFORMANCE AND EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF GASOLINE-ETHANOL BLENDS ON PFI-SI ENGINE Authors: D.Vinay Kumar ,G.Samhita Priyadarsini,V.Jagadeesh Babu,Y.Sai Varun Teja, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00051 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Alcohol based fuels can be produced from renewable energy sources and has the potential to reduce pollutant emissions due to their oxygenated nature. Lighter alcohols like ethanol and methanol are easily miscible with gasoline and by blending alcohols with gasoline; a part of conventional fuel can be replaced while contributing to fuel economy. Several researchers tested various ethanol blends on different engine test rigs and identified ethanol as one of the most promising ecofriendly fuels for spark ignition engine. Its properties high octane number, high latent heat of vaporization give better performance characteristics and reduces exhaust emissions compared to gasoline. This paper focuses on studying the effects of blending 50 of ethanol by volume with gasoline as it hardly needs engine modifications. Gasoline (E0) and E50 fuels were investigated experimentally on single-cylinder, four-stroke port fuel injection spark ignition engine by varying engine speed from 1500 rpm to 3500 rpm. Performance Characteristics like torque, brake power, specific fuel consumption, and volumetric efficiency and exhaust emissions such as HC, CO, CO2, NOx were studied.. Keywords: Ethanol,Emissions,Gasoline,Port fuel Injection, Refference: I Badrawada, I. G. G., and A. A. P. Susastriawan. “Influence of ethanol–gasoline blend on performance and emission of four-stroke spark ignition motorcycle.” Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy (2019): 1-6. II Doğan, Battal, et al. “The effect of ethanol-gasoline blends on performance and exhaust emissions of a spark ignition engine through exergy analysis.” Applied Thermal Engineering 120 (2017): 433-443. III Efemwenkiekie, U. Ka, et al. “Comparative Analysis of a Four Stroke Spark Ignition Engine Performance Using Local Ethanol and Gasoline Blends.” Procedia Manufacturing 35 (2019): 1079-1086. IV Galloni, E., F. Scala, and G. Fontana. “Influence of fuel bio-alcohol content on the performance of a turbo-charged, PFI, spark-ignition engine.” Energy 170 (2019): 85-92. V Hasan, Ahmad O., et al. “Impact of changing combustion chamber geometry on emissions, and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder SI (spark ignition) engine fueled with ethanol/gasoline blends.” Fuel 231 (2018): 197-203. VI Mourad, M., and K. Mahmoud. “Investigation into SI engine performance characteristics and emissions fuelled with ethanol/butanol-gasoline blends.” Renewable Energy 143 (2019): 762-771. VII Singh, Ripudaman, et al. “Influence of fuel injection strategies on efficiency and particulate emissions of gasoline and ethanol blends in a turbocharged multi-cylinder direct injection engine.” International Journal of Engine Research (2019): 1468087419838393. VIII Thakur, Amit Kumar, et al. “Progress in performance analysis of ethanol-gasoline blends on SI engine.” Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews 69 (2017): 324-340. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CHARACTERIZATION OF MATERIALS FOR CUSTOMIZED AFO USING ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING Authors: Gamini Suresh,Nagarjuna Maguluri,Kunchala Balakrishna, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00052 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Neurodegenerative conditions and compressed nerves often cause an abnormal foot drop that affects an individual gait and make it difficult to walk normally. Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO) is the medical device which is recommended for the patients to improve the walking ability and decrease the risk of falls. Custom AFOs provide better fit, comfort and performance than pre-manufactured ones. The technique of 3D-printing is suitable for making custom AFOs. Fused deposition modelling (FDM) is a 3D-printing method for custom AFO applications with the desired resistance and material deposition rate. Generally, FDM is a thermal process; therefore materials thermal behaviour plays an important role in optimizing the performance of the printed parts. The objective of this study is to evaluate the thermal behaviour of PLA, ABS, nylon and WF-PLA filaments before manufacturing the AFO components using the FDM method. In the study, the sequence of testing materials provides a basic measuring method to investigate AFO device parts thermal stability. Thermal analysis (TG/DTG and DSC) was carried out before 3D printing is to characterize the thermal stability of each material. Keywords: Additive Manufacturing,Ankle Foot Orthosis (AFO),FusedDeposition Modelling,ThermalAnalysis, Refference: I. J. Pritchett, “Foot drop: Background, Anatomy, Pathophysiology,” Medscape Drugs, Dis. Proced., vol. 350, no. apr27_6, p. h1736, 2014. II. J. Graham, “Foot drop: Explaining the causes, characteristics and treatment,” Br. J. Neurosci. Nurs., vol. 6, no. 4, pp. 168–172, 2010. III. Y. Feng and Y. Song, “The Categories of AFO and Its Effect on Patients With Foot Impair: A Systemic Review,” Phys. Act. Heal., vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 8–16, 2017. IV. J. H. P. Pallari, K. W. Dalgarno, J. Munguia, L. Muraru, L. Peeraer, S. Telfer, and J. Woodburn” Design and additive fabrication of foot and ankle-foot orthoses”21st Annual International Solid Freeform Fabrication Symposium – An Additive Manufacturing Conference, SFF 2010 (2010) 834-845 V. Y. Jin, Y. He, and A. Shih, “Process Planning for the Fuse Deposition Modeling of Ankle-Foot-Othoses,” Procedia CIRP, vol. 42, no. Isem Xviii, pp. 760–765, 2016. VI. R. K. Chen, Y. an Jin, J. Wensman, and A. Shih, “Additive manufacturing of custom orthoses and prostheses-A review,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 12, pp. 77–89, 2016. VII. A. D. Maso and F. Cosmi, “ScienceDirect 3D-printed ankle-foot orthosis : a design method,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 12, pp. 252–261, 2019. VIII. B. Yuan et al., “Designing of a passive knee-assisting exoskeleton for weight-bearing,” in Lecture Notes in Computer Science (including subseries Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence and Lecture Notes in Bioinformatics), 2017, vol. 10463 LNAI, pp. 273–285. IX. R. Spina, B. Cavalcante, and F. Lavecchia, “Diment LE, Thompson MS, Bergmann JHM. Clinical efficacy and effectiveness of 3D printing: a systematic review.,” AIP Conf. Proc., vol. 1960, 2018. X. M. Srivastava, S. Maheshwari, T. K. Kundra, and S. Rathee, “ScienceDirect Multi-Response Optimization of Fused Deposition Modelling Process Parameters of ABS Using Response Surface Methodology ( RSM ) -Based Desirability Analysis,” Mater. Today Proc., vol. 4, no. 2, pp. 1972–1977, 2017. XI. E. Malekipour, S. Attoye, and H. El-Mounayri, “Investigation of Layer Based Thermal Behavior in Fused Deposition Modeling Process by Infrared Thermography,” Procedia Manuf., vol. 26, pp. 1014–1022, 2018. XII. A. Patar, N. Jamlus, K. Makhtar, J. Mahmud, and T. Komeda, “Development of dynamic ankle foot orthosis for therapeutic application,” Procedia Eng., vol. 41, no. Iris, pp. 1432–1440, 2012. XIII. Y. A. Jin, H. Li, Y. He, and J. Z. Fu, “Quantitative analysis of surface profile in fused deposition modelling,” Addit. Manuf., vol. 8, pp. 142–148, 2015. XIV. M. Walbran, K. Turner, and A. J. McDaid, “Customized 3D printed ankle-foot orthosis with adaptable carbon fibre composite spring joint,” Cogent Eng., vol. 3, no. 1, pp. 1–11, 2016. XV. N. Wierzbicka, F. Górski, R. Wichniarek, and W. Kuczko, “The effect of process parameters in fused deposition modelling on bonding degree and mechanical properties,” Adv. Sci. Technol. Res. J., vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 283–288, 2017. XVI. S. Farah, D. G. Anderson, and R. Langer, “Physical and mechanical properties of PLA, and their functions in widespread applications — A comprehensive review,” Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev., vol. 107, pp. 367–392, 2016. XVII. S. Wojtyła, P. Klama, and T. Baran, “Is 3D printing safe ? Analysis of the thermal treatment of thermoplastics : ABS , PLA , PET , and,” vol. 9624, no. April, 2017. XVIII. G. Cicala et al., “Polylactide / lignin blends,” J. Therm. Anal. Calorim., 2017. XIX. S. Y. Lee, I. A. Kang, G. H. Doh, H. G. Yoon, B. D. Park, and Q. Wu, “Thermal and mechanical properties of wood flour/talc-filled polylactic acid composites: Effect of filler content and coupling treatment,” J. Thermoplast. Compos. Mater., vol. 21, no. 3, pp. 209–223, 2008. XX. Y. Tao, H. Wang, Z. Li, P. Li, and S. Q. Shi, “Development and application ofwood flour-filled polylactic acid composite filament for 3d printing,” Materials (Basel)., vol. 10, no. 4, pp. 1–6, 2017. XXI. D. Lewitus, S. McCarthy, A. Ophir, and S. Kenig, “The effect of nanoclays on the properties of PLLA-modified polymers Part 1: Mechanical and thermal properties,” J. Polym. Environ., vol. 14, no. 2, pp. 171–177, 2006. XXII. H. J. Chung, E. J. Lee, and S. T. Lim, “Comparison in glass transition and enthalpy relaxation between native and gelatinized rice starches,” Carbohydr. Polym., vol. 48, no. 3, pp. 287–298, 2002. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 CFD STUDIES OF MIXING BEHAVIOR OF INERT SAND WITH BIOMASS IN FLUIDIZED BED Authors: B.J.M.Rao,K.V.N.S.Rao, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00053 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: Agriculture deposits, which remains unused and often causes ecological problems, could play an important role as an energy source to meet energy needs in developing countries ‘ rural areas. Moreover, energy levels in these deposits are low and need to be elevated by introducing efficient operative conversion technologies to utilize these residues as fuels. In this context, the utilization of a fluidized bed innovation enables a wide range of non-uniform-sized low-grade fuels to be effectively converted into other forms of energy.This study was undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness of fluidized conversion method for transformation of agricultural by-products such as rice husk, sawdust, and groundnut shells into useful energy. The present investigation was conducted to know the mixing characteristics of sand and fuel have been found by conducting experiments with mixing ratio of rice husk (1:13), saw dust(1:5) and groundnut shells (1:12), the variation of particle movement in the bed and mixing characteristics are analyzed. The impact of sand molecule size on the fluidization speed of two biofuel and sand components is studied and recommended for groundnut shells using a sand molecule of 0.6 mm size and for rice husk, sawdust 0.4 mm sand particle size. Also, establish that the particle size of sand has a significant effect on mingling features in case of sawdust. In the next part of the investigation, the CFD simulations of the fluidized bed are done to investigate the mixing behavior of sand and biomass particles. A set of simulations are conducted by ANSYS FLUENT16; the state of the bed is the same as that of the test. The findings were presented with the volume fraction of sand and biomass particles in the form of contour plots. Keywords: Biomass,sand,mixing behavior,Volume Fraction,CFD model, Refference: I Anil Tekale, Swapna God, Balaji Bedre, Pankaj Vaghela, Ganesh Madake, Suvarna Labade (2017), Energy Production from Biomass: Review, International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology, Volume 2, Issue 10, ISSN No: – 2456 – 2165. II Anil Kumar, Nitin Kumar , Prashant Baredar , Ashish Shukla (2015), A review on biomass energy resources, potential, conversion and policy in India, Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Reviews 45-530-539. III Zhenglan Li, ZhenhuaXue (2015), Review of Biomass Energy utilization technology, 3rd International Conference on Material, Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering. IV Abdeen Mustafa Omer (2011), Biomass energy resources utilisation and waste management, Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology and Sustainable Development Vol. 3(8), pp. 149 -170 V Rijul Dhingra, Abhinav Jain, Abhishek Pandey, and Srishti Mahajan (2014), Assessment of Renewable Energy in India, International Journal of Environmental Science and Development, Vol. 5, No. 5. VI Paulina Drożyner, Wojciech Rejmer, Piotr Starowicz,AndrzejKlasa, Krystyna A. Skibniewska (2013), Biomass as a Renewable Source of Energy, Technical Sciences 16(3), 211–220. VII Souvik Das, Swati Sikdar (2016), A Review on the Non-conventional Energy Sources in Indian Perspective, International Research Journal of Engineering and Technology (IRJET), Volume: 03 Issue: 02. VIII Maninder, Rupinderjit Singh Kathuria, Sonia Grover, Using Agricultural Residues as a Biomass Briquetting: An Alternative Source of Energy, IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSRJEEE), ISSN: 2278-1676 Volume 1, Issue 5 (July-Aug. 2012), PP 11-15. IX H.B.Goyal, DiptenduldDeal, R.C.Saxena (2006) Bio-fuels from thermochemical conversion of renewable resources: A review, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Volume 12, Issue 2Pages 504-517. X Digambar H. Patil, J. K. Shinde(2017) A Review Paper on Study of Bubbling Fluidized Bed Gasifier, International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology, Volume 4, Issue 4 XI Neil T.M. Duffy, John A. Eaton (2013) Investigation of factors affecting channelling in fixed-bed solid fuel combustion using CFD, Combustion and Flame 160, 2204–2220. XII Xing Wu, Kai Li, Feiyue and Xifeng Zhu (2017), Fluidization Behavior of Biomass Particles and its Improvement in a Cold Visualized Fluidized, Bio Resources 12(2), 3546-3559. XIII N.G. Deen, M. Van Sint Annaland, M.A. Van der Hoef, J.A.M. Kuipers (2007), Reviewof discrete particle modeling of fluidized beds, Chemical Engineering Science 62, 28 – 44. XIV BaskaraSethupathySubbaiah, Deepak Kumar Murugan, Dinesh Babu Deenadayalan, Dhamodharan.M.I (2014), Gasification of Biomass Using Fluidized Bed, International Journal of Innovative Research in Science, Engineering and Technology, Vol. 3, Issue 2. XV Priyanka Kaushal, Tobias Pröll and Hermann Hofbauer, Modelling and simulation of the biomass fired dual fluidized bed gasifier at Guessing/Austria. XVI Dawit DiribaGuta (2012), Assessment of Biomass Fuel Resource Potential and Utilization in Ethiopia: Sourcing Strategies for Renewable Energies, International Journal of Renewable Energy Research, Vol.2, and No.1. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 AN APPROACH FOR OPTIMISING THE FLOW RATE CONDITIONS OF A DIVERGENT NOZZLE UNDER DIFFERENT ANGULAR CONDITIONS Authors: Lam Ratna Raju ,Ch. Pavan Satyanarayana,Neelamsetty Vijaya Kavya, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00054 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: A spout is a device which is used to offer the guidance to the gases leaving the burning chamber. Spout is a chamber which has a capability to change over the thermo-compound essentials created within the ignition chamber into lively vitality. The spout adjustments over the low speed, excessive weight, excessive temperature fuel in the consuming chamber into rapid gasoline of decrease weight and low temperature. An exciting spout is used if the spout weight volume is superior vehicles in supersonic airplane machines commonly combine a few sort of a distinctive spout. Our exam is surpassed on the use of programming like Ansys Workbench for arranging of the spout and Fluent 15.0 for separating the streams inside the spout. The events of staggers for the pipe formed spouts have been seen close by trade parameters for numerous considered one of a kind edges. The parameters underneath recognition are differentiated and that of shape spout for singular terrific edges by using keeping up the gulf, outlet and throat width and lengths of joined together and diverse quantities as same. The simultaneous component and throat expansiveness are kept regular over the cases.The surprise of stun became envisioned and the effects exhibited near closeness in direction of motion of Mach circle and its appearance plans as exposed in numerous preliminary considers on advancement in pipe molded particular spouts with assorted edges four°,7°, 10°, Occurrence of stun is seen with higher special factors Keywords: Nozzle,Supersonic Rocket Engine,Divergent edges, Refference: I. Varun, R.; Sundararajan,T.; Usha,R.; Srinivasan,ok.; Interaction among particle-laden under increased twin supersonic jets, Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2010 224: 1005. II. Pandey,K.M.; Singh, A.P.; CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software, International Journal of Chemical Engineering and Applications, Vol. 1, No. 2, August 2010, ISSN: 2010-0221. III. Natta, Pardhasaradhi.; Kumar, V.Ranjith.; Rao, Dr. Y.V. Hanumantha.; Flow Analysis of Rocket Nozzle Using Computational Fluid Dynamics (Cfd), International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622,Vol. 2, Issue five, September- October 2012, pp.1226-1235. IV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh. K.M.Pandey, Member, IACSIT and S.K.YadavK.M.Pandey and S.K.Yadav, ―CFD Analysis of a Rocket Nozzle with Two Inlets at Mach2.1, Journal of Environmental Research and Development, Vol 5, No 2, 2010, pp- 308-321. V. Shigeru Aso, ArifNur Hakim, Shingo Miyamoto, Kei Inoue and Yasuhiro Tani “ Fundamental examine of supersonic combustion in natural air waft with use of surprise tunnel” Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Kyushu University, Japan , Acta Astronautica 57 (2005) 384 – 389. VI. P. Padmanathan, Dr. S. Vaidyanathan, Computational Analysis of Shockwave in Convergent Divergent Nozzle, International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA), ISSN: 2248-9622 , Vol. 2, Issue 2,Mar-Apr 2012, pp.1597-1605. VII. Adamson, T.C., Jr., and Nicholls., J.A., “On the shape of jets from Highly below improved Nozzles into Still Air,” Journal of the Aerospace Sciences, Vol.26, No.1, Jan 1959, pp. Sixteen-24. VIII. Lewis, C. H., Jr., and Carlson, D. J., “Normal Shock Location in underneath increased Gas and Gas particle Jets,” AIAA Journal, Vol 2, No.4, April 1964, pp. 776-777. Books IX. Anderson, John D.Jr.; Modern Compressible Flow with Historical Perspective, Third edition, 2012 X. Versteeg. H.; Malalasekra.W.; An Introduction to Computational Fluid Dynamics The Finite Volume Method, Second Edition,2009. XI. H.K.Versteeg and W.Malala Sekhara, “An introduction to Computational fluid Dynamics”, British Library cataloguing pub, 4th version, 1996. XII. Lars Davidson, “An introduction to turbulenceModels”, Department of thermo and fluid dynamics, Chalmers college of era, Goteborg, Sweden, November, 2003. XIII. Karna s. Patel, “CFD analysis of an aerofoil”, International Journal of engineering studies,2009. XIV. K.M. Pandey, Member IACSIT and A.P. Singh “CFD Analysis of Conical Nozzle for Mach 3 at Various Angles of Divergence with Fluent Software,2017. XV. P. Parthiban, M. Robert Sagayadoss, T. Ambikapathi, Design And Analysis Of Rocket Engine Nozzle by way of the usage of CFD and Optimization of Nozzle parameters, International Journal of Engineering Research, Vol.Three., Issue.5., 2015 (Sept.-Oct.). View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 DESIGN OPTIMIZATION OF DRIVE SHAFT FOR AN AUTOMOBILE APPLICATIONS Authors: Govindarajulu Eedara,P. N. Manthru Naik, DOI NO: https://doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00055 admin July 26, 2020 Abstract: The driveshaft is a mechanical instrument that is used in automobiles. The other name of the drive shaft is driveshaft is prop shaft. It has one long cylindrical structure consist of two universal joints. By using the driveshaft it transfers the rotary motion to the differential by using the helical gearbox. By using this rotary motion the rare wheels will run. The 3dimensional Model of automobile drive Shaft is designed using CATIA parametric which enables product development processes and thereby brings about an optimum design. Now a day’s steel is using the best material for the driveshaft.In this paper replacing the composite materials (Kevlar, e-glass epoxy) instead of steel material and itreduces a considerable amount of weight when compared to the conventional steel shaft. The composite driveshaft have high modulus is designed by using CATIA software and tested in ANSYS for optimization of design or material check and providing the best datebook Keywords: The driveshaft ,CATIA,automobile,steel,composite materials,ANSYS,Kevla,e-glass epoxy, Refference: I A.R. Abu Talib, Aidy Ali, Mohamed A. Badie, Nur Azienda Che Lah, A.F. Golestaneh Developing a hybrid, carbon/glass-fiber-reinforced, epoxy composite automotive driveshaft, Material and Design, volume31, 2010, pp 514 – 521 II ErcanSevkat, Hikmet Tumer, Residual torsional properties of composite shafts subjected to impact Loadings, Materials, and design, volume – 51, 2013, pp -956-967. III H. Bayrakceken, S. Tasgetiren, I. Yavuz two cases of failure in the power transmission system on vehicles: A Universal joint yoke and a drive shaft, volume-14,2007,pp71. IV H.B.H. Gubran, Dynamics of hybrid shafts, Mechanics Research communication, volume – 32, 2005, pp – 368-374. V Shaw D, Simitses DJ, SheinmanI. Imperfection sensitivity of laminated cylindrical shells in torsion and axial compression. ComposStruct 1985; 4(3) pp:35–60. View Download Journal Vol – 15 No -7, July 2020 EXPERIMENTAL EVALUATION OF AN SI ENGINE USING E10 EQUIVALENT TERNARY GASOLINE- ALCOHOL BLENDS." JOURNAL OF MECHANICS OF CONTINUA AND MATHEMATICAL SCIENCES 15, no. 7 (July 26, 2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.26782/jmcms.2020.07.00056.

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