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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Dwellings'
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1
Massie, Shannon Leigh. "Re-Dwelling: A Proposal for Five Dwellings in Maggia, Switzerland." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30317.
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This thesis proposes five new dwellings be constructed within Maggia, a medieval village in Italian-speaking Ticino, Switzerland. The modern scheme placed within Maggia's old town outlines an attempt to revitalize the village's life by providing places for individuals, families, groups of families, and the whole village community. The act acknowledges a process of evolution which integrates old and new to continually generate livable places. Building a new element into the fabric of an old village requires an understanding of the existing place and the forces which contributed to its making. An architect designing within such a context should question the physical characteristics of the built environment and also examine natural and historical factors which may have influenced previous building. The historical, natural, and built environment contributes to forming the spirit, or experience, of the place. By attempting to define and name the elements which have created this spirit, the architect may begin to develop a design uniquely specific to its locale which contributes to the built community. A study of Maggia's existing structure reveals a widening gap between the town's old and new architecture. The proposed design attempts to mediate this separation between medieval and modern design. The project acts as a bridge, both physically and metaphorically, between the central town and newer surrounding development. While the project recognizes the medieval village as the essential monument which guides and informs new design, it simultaneously integrates modern concerns which influence the inhabitants' quality of life.<br>Master of Architecture
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Strittmatter, Janet Hubbard. "Arizona's Vernacular Dwellings." The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555246.
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Hart, Wade A. "Compact Urban Dwellings." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1337352365.
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Williamson, T. J. "Concept(s) of the energy-efficient house in the temperate regions of Australia : a critical review /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phw732.pdf.
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Assaf, Dena. "From stones to structures : a sustainable future for development in the West Bank--Palestine /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/10801.
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Humphreys, Tracy E. "Planning control over agricultural dwellings." Thesis, Cardiff University, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539932.
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Pretlove, Stephen Edward Charles. "Predicting relative humidity in UK dwellings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.555004.
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Mould growth affects a significant proportion of dwellings in the UK and Europe. The house dust mite is also known to inhabit most dwellings and is one of the key factors affecting the health of the occupants. One of the key variables affecting mould growth and house dust mite populations is relative humidity. The relative humidity in a dwelling is dependent upon both the moisture levels and the temperature. The ability to assess the impact of different interventions on the relative humidity depends upon the ability to model both the internal temperature and the internal vapour pressure. This thesis develops, tests and assesses the impact of four combined moisture and thermal models which predict micro-environmental relative humidity. Two thermal models are tested, the BREDEM-8 monthly model, and the BREDEM-12 seasonal model. To each of these, two moisture models have been integrated including Loudon's steady-state moisture model and Jones' admittance moisture model. The BREDEM-8 Loudon model has been shown to be the most accurate model for predicting the airspace relative humidity in 36 dwellings during the heating season. The BREDEM-8 Loudon model has then undergone further development and testing and the applications of the model are investigated. A variable infiltration calculation has been implemented and tested within the BREDEM-8 Loudon model and the results show no improvement in the model prediction accuracy. Surface relative humidity calculations have also been incorporated for all dwelling surfaces, including cold bridges, and the significance of predicting surface conditions has been evaluated. The impact of fuel poverty is tested using simple versions of the BREDEM-8 Loudon model which have been adapted to account for situations where the expenditure available for fuel is limited and where the heating system is inadequately sized. Finally, a Mould Index has been developed which indicates the risk of mould growing on the coldest surfaces in a dwelling and various interventions in dwelling design and use are tested against this index and against the Affordable Warmth Index which defines the affordability of a particular dwelling. The results demonstrate a number of significant limitations in the current British Standard for condensation in buildings, BS 5250: 1989. It has been shown that the geographical and seasonal variations in internal relative humidity are significant, and that the highest relative humidity is unlikely to coincide with the coldest period of the year. It has also been shown that the modelling of surface conditions is critical in the assessment of mould growth in dwellings. Sensitivity studies carried out on the BREDEM-8 Loudon model have shown the most significant variables affecting the relative humidity predictions are the demand temperature, the heating pattern, the number of occupants, the ventilation rate and the level of insulation. The adequate sizing of the heating system and the ability of the occupants to afford to heat the dwelling to a comfortable temperature have been shown to be essential. It has also been shown that a change in the dwelling design or use may improve the affordability but may also lead to an increased risk from mould growth.
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Porritt, Stephen Michael. "Adapting UK dwellings for heat waves." Thesis, De Montfort University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2086/6327.
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The emphasis for UK dwelling refurbishment to date has centred on reducing heating energy use. However, there has been increasing evidence pointing to the need for a more holistic approach. Many existing dwellings already experience overheating during hot weather periods. Climate change projections predict increases in both the frequency and severity of extreme weather events including heat waves such as the one in August 2003, which is estimated to have claimed the lives of over 35,000 people throughout Europe, including 2,000 in the UK. Demand for housing exceeds the supply of new stock and it is estimated that over 70% of the dwellings that will be in use in 2050 have already been built. Therefore existing dwellings will require adaptation to provide more comfortable and safe environments, to reduce both summertime overheating and heating energy use. In this research, dynamic thermal simulation computer modelling was used to assess and rank the effectiveness of selected single and combined passive interventions (adaptations) on dwelling overheating during a heat wave period. Simulations were also carried out to assess the effect of those interventions on annual space heating energy use. Four distinct dwelling types were selected to represent the housing stock in London and South East England, producing seven modelling variants: 19th century end and mid-terraced houses; 1930s semi-detached house; 1960s ground, mid and top floor flats and a modern detached house. Simulations were carried out for two different occupancy profiles and four building orientations and the cost of interventions was also considered in the analysis. The first occupancy profile assumed a ‘typical’ family who left the dwellings unoccupied during the daytime, the second assumed residents who were at home all the time (e.g. elderly or infirm). Of the dwelling types studied the 1960s mid and top floor flats and the modern (2006) detached house (Tier 2) experienced more than twice as much overheating as the other dwelling types (Tier 1). Tier 2 dwellings were “harder to treat” and unlike Tier 1 dwellings their overheating exposure could not be eliminated using the selected passive interventions. It was possible to substantially reduce overheating and annual heating energy use of Tier 1 dwellings at moderate cost, whereas the costs for retrofitting Tier 2 dwellings were estimated to be many times higher. The results demonstrated that overheating exposure can be significantly greater for residents who have to stay at home during the daytime and they should not, where possible, be housed in the most vulnerable dwellings. External window shutters were found to be the single most effective intervention for overheating reduction in most of the dwelling types considered, typically resulting in a 50% reduction in overheating exposure. The exception was the 19th century terraced houses, where applying a solar reflective (high albedo) coating to the solid external walls was often more effective. In some cases the addition of insulation increased overheating and external wall insulation consistently outperformed internal wall insulation when considering the effect on overheating, though the latter could be effective as an element of combined interventions. Adaptation should therefore be considered together with mitigation, both in design practice and in regulations. If existing dwellings (for example the 19th century terraced houses) are retrofitted for energy efficiency, without considering summer use, overheating could increase dramatically. Subsequent corrective measures could be costly and energy efficiency may suffer as a result. This research builds on previous publications and research to generate systematic, quantitative and holistic guidance for retrofitting UK dwellings to reduce overheating risk during heat waves, whilst minimising annual space heating energy use and considering the cost of retrofit. An interactive retrofit advice toolkit has been developed (and made publicly available) as part of the research, which allows selection of the best performing interventions within a given budget. Recommendations for further development of the research are also suggested.
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Maluski, Sophie. "Low frequencies sound insulation in dwellings." Thesis, Sheffield Hallam University, 1999. http://shura.shu.ac.uk/3136/.
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Low frequency noise transmission between dwellings is an increasing problem due to home entertainment systems with enhanced bass responses. The problem is exacerbated since there are not presently available methods of measurement, rating and prediction appropriate for low frequency sound in rooms. A review of the classical theory of sound insulation and room acoustics has shown that both theories are not applicable. In fact, the sound insulation of party walls at low frequencies is strongly dependent on the modal characteristics of the sound fields of the two separated rooms, and of the party wall. Therefore methods originally developed for measurement conditions where the sound field was considered diffuse, may not be appropriate for room configurations with volumes smaller than 50m3 and for frequencies where sound wavelengths are large. An alternative approach is proposed using a Finite Element Method (FEM) to study the sound transmission between rooms. Its reliability depends on the definition of the model, which requires validating measurement. FEM therefore does not replace field or laboratory measurements, but provides complementary parametric surveys not easily obtainable by measurements. The method involves modelling the acoustic field of the two rooms as an Acoustic Finite Element model and the displacement field of the party wall as a Structural Finite Element model. The number of elements for each model was selected by comparing the numerical eigenfrequencies with theoretical values within an acceptable processing time and error. The simulation of a single room and of two coupled rooms, defined by linking the acoustic model with the structural model, were validated by comparing the predicted frequency response with measured response of a 1:4 scale model. The effect of three types of party wall edge condition on sound insulation was investigated: simply supported, clamped, and a combination of clamped and simply supported. It is shown that the frequency trends still can be explained in terms of the classical mechanisms. A thin masonry wall is likely to be mass controlled above 50Hz. A thick wall is stiffness controlled, below 100Hz. A clamped thin wall provides a lower sound insulation than a simply supported, whereas a clamped masonry wall provides greater sound level difference at low frequencies than a simply supported. The sound insulation of masonry walls are shown to be strongly dependent on the acoustical modal characteristics of the connected rooms and of the structural modal characteristics of the party wall. The sound pressure level difference displays a sequence of alternating maxima and minima about a trend, dictated by the properties of the party wall. The sound insulation is lower in equal room than in unequal rooms, whatever the edge conditions and smaller wall areas provide higher sound insulation than large areas. A correction factor is proposed as a function of room configuration and wall area and edge conditions. Attempts to quantify the factor were made using statistical and deterministic analyse, but further work is required.
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Ericsson, Jacob, and Erik Waldén. "Conversion of office buildings to dwellings." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190052.
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During the current market boom, Sweden’s property market represents an attractive investment market with a continuously bright future. Stockholm contributes, according to last year's notations, to a third of Sweden’s total transaction volume and is by investors seen as the most attractive investment market in the Nordic region. While interest in investing in Stockholm's commercial property market is high, the region is facing exceptionally high numbers in population growth, which are putting pressure on the production of new housing. The amount of new construction projects in Stockholm is too low to reach the market’s demand, which encourages other options to produce new housing. In the present real estate stock for the office segment, there are several older buildings with poor economy and yields. This may be due to the property's structural conditions, floor plans and location. For properties of this kind, reconstruction to condominiums may be a viable alternative. Here, property owners have a decision to either implement a renovation to satisfy the market’s requirements for adaptable office space, or to convert into condominiums. This report presents an economic profitability analysis in converting existing office buildings into condominiums for selected sub-markets in Stockholm. Transaction prices for condominiums, office properties and standardized market valuations of office properties forms the groundwork for the analysis. This is presented in a general area analysis, which is verified by two case studies of properties in selected markets. Considering the high condominium prices in Stockholm, the region constitutes a favorable market for conversion of this type. The highest profitability has been identified in submarkets, which are AA- or A-areas for housing while at the same time C- or D-areas for offices.<br>Sveriges fastighetsmarknad är, under den rådande högkonjunkturen, en attraktiv investeringsmarknad med en fortsatt ljus framtid. Stockholm står, enligt fjolårets siffror, för en tredjedel av transaktionsvolymen i landet och är fortsatt den största och mest intressanta investeringsmarknaden i Norden. Samtidigt som intresset att investera i Stockholms kommersiella fastighetsmarknad är högt, står regionen inför toppnoteringar i befolkningstillväxt vilket sätter press på produktionen av nya bostäder. Antalet nybyggnationsprojekt i Stockholm är otillräckligt för att nå upp till marknadens efterfrågan, vilket uppmuntrar till andra alternativ att producera nya bostäder. I dagens fastighetsbestånd för kontossegmentet finns flertalet äldre byggnader med dålig ekonomi och avkastningskrav. Detta kan bero på fastighetens byggnadstekniska förutsättningar, planlösningar och läge. För fastigheter av detta slag kan ombyggnation till bostadsrätter vara ett lönsamt alternativ. Här står fastighetsägare inför ett val att antingen genomföra en renovering för att mäta marknadens krav för anpassningsbara kontorsytor, eller att konvertera till bostadsrätter. Denna rapport presenterar en ekonomisk lönsamhetsanalys i att konvertera befintliga kontorsfastigheter till bostadsrätter för utvalda delmarknader i Stockholm. Transaktionspriser för bostadsrätter, kontorsfastigheter, samt schabloniserade marknadsvärderingar av kontorsfastigheter ligger som grund för analysen. Denna presenteras i en generell områdesanalys som verifieras med två fallstudier av fastigheter i utvalda delmarknader. Med hänsyn till de höga bostadspriserna utgör Stockholm en gynnsam marknad för konvertering av detta slag. Störst lönsamhet har påvisats i delmarknader vilka är ett AA- eller A-läge för bostäder samtidigt som det är ett C- eller D-läge för kontor.
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Kanetkar, Raminder B. "The application of passive techniques in housing design in hot and dry climates, with special emphasis on India." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28532.
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This research focussed on the identification, evaluation and recommendation of passive design strategies suitable for housing design in hot and dry climates in India. The term 'passive' refers to those design techniques which, in order to enhance thermal comfort, utilize the favourable and mininimize the unfavourable elements of the local climate. The objective of the research was to determine means by which reliance on mechanical means of achieving comfort and associated socio-economic costs can be minimized. The thesis is divided into two parts. The first part identifies and evaluates the passive design techniques used in the dwellings of pre-industrial and post-industrial cities located in hot and dry region in India. Climate, environmental problems (primarily cooling), and indoor comfort criteria were analysed to establish preliminary criteria for evaluating the thermal performance of design techniques. The main objective was to enable designers to identify those techniques which can be used in contemporary dwelling designs.
The second part proposes strategies to incorporate passive
techniques in contemporary housing design. General strategies
recommended at various levels of design include the following:
-minimize solar gain -minimize conductive heat flow -promote ventilation -minimize internal heat gains -promote radiant cooling -delay periodic heat flow -promote evaporative cooling -control high velocity wind -control glare
These strategies, which recognize the comfort-related needs of dwelling occupants, promote the use of local construction practices.
The application of passive techniques presents architects with a considerable scope for creativity in housing design. However, at the outset, it is necessary to define priorities in the selection of design strategies, and to ensure these priorities are addressed through each level of design. The strategies selected in this thesis emphasize the need for minimizing heat gain during day time, and maximizing heat loss at night.
It is concluded from this research that the application of passive techniques in contemporary housing design allows for maintenance of most thermal comfort needs, thereby reducing reliance on mechanical means of control. At the same time, the use of passive techniques provides a potential for the housing designs to respond effectively to certain socio-cultural needs of the occupants.<br>Applied Science, Faculty of<br>Architecture and Landscape Architecture (SALA), School of<br>Received degree under the name Bhatia<br>Graduate
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Shiu, Hei-chuen. "A study on the housing standards of private dwelling in Hong Kong." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25176444.
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El-Hassi, A. "The socio-cultural architectural features of vernacular and contemporary dwellings for sustainable desert dwellings design in southwest Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2018. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/47195/.
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Southwest Libya is one of the most important desert regions in Libya with its significant historical oases and towns. This region is characterised by the unique design of vernacular desert dwellings, with a rich architectural heritage and a remarkable convergence of cultures from the locals in the region. The nature of these dwellings is founded on the harmonious blend between architecture and people, which has formed its architectural identity over centuries. However, in recent decades, the vernacular architecture of desert dwellings, which were sustainable for many centuries, is no longer able to keep up with the contemporary lifestyle for different generations. The vernacular architecture of desert dwellings and the architectural landscape in Southwest Libya face several serious challenges. These challenges include rapid changes to the building of contemporary dwellings with ‘modern’ trends for desert dwellings. Such trends have led to transformative patterns of socio-cultural life, which have recently resulted in the distortion of the architectural landscape of the region. Southwest Libya has experienced defects in desert-dwelling designs in terms of the lack of compatibility of those dwellings with the socio-cultural needs of the locals, including a lack of harmony with the architectural identity and patterns of contemporary life. This is in addition to the distortion of the architectural landscape of historical towns, which is caused by the rapid intercalation of imported contemporary architectural trends into the socio-cultural features of the region. This condition is worsened by the fact that the current desert dwellings are, nevertheless, still designed and implemented as a result of the same trends, causing problems in meeting the requirements of socio-cultural sustainability for the locals. Through the literary reviews it turned out that there is a great lack of consideration of aspects of social and cultural sustainability in Southwest Libya, and, in general, it is the aspect that is explored the least in the prevailing literature. This research highlights the absence of social and cultural sustainability considerations in the design of contemporary desert dwellings in southwest Libya. This research examined the levels of satisfaction of different generations, regarding both vernacular and contemporary desert-dwelling designs. Particular focus was placed on the views of the new generation with respect to architectural identity and contemporary lifestyle. In addition to, investigate the views of professionals and architects on the advantages and disadvantages of both vernacular and contemporary desert dwellings design as well as the socio-cultural features of sustainable desert dwellings design, including the issue of architectural identity and identity changes for young generations. Data is collected through mixed-methods techniques: questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Three historical towns Ghadames, Sabha and Ghat in Southwest Libya are selected which are distinguished by the unique vernacular architecture expressing the identity, diversity and cultural heritage of its people as the case study. The findings of the questionnaire showed different levels of satisfaction of the respondents with respect to the social and cultural sustainability features for both vernacular and contemporary desert-dwelling designs, most of which refer to levels of satisfaction with vernacular dwelling designs in terms of traditional values and cultural heritage; the levels of satisfaction with contemporary dwelling designs were about features that relate to the contemporary lifestyle. The findings also showed the new generation’s response levels for architectural identity, architectural heritage, and contemporary lifestyle, as well as the preferences and desires of the population. The findings of the interviews showed an in-depth understanding of the advantages and disadvantages of desert dwellings design. The features highlighted the socio-cultural sustainability of both vernacular and contemporary desert dwellings in Southern Libya, which integrated and synthesised later with the findings of the questionnaire. A set of guidelines was then formulated, based on the integration of the findings of the questionnaire and interviews with the lessons learned from vernacular architecture and the advantages of contemporary desert dwellings, to represent the fundamental points towards socio-cultural sustainability in desert dwellings design in Southwest Libya to increase residents’ satisfaction with the design of their dwellings which fulfil their social and cultural needs. In addition to the most important steps to be taken by the relevant authorities to promote cultural identity and preserve the architectural identity, especially for the younger generations.
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Blake, Wendy Seaná. "Archi-texture : meditations on the mediations of dwelling /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2004. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061019.153354.
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Neves, e. Sousa Albano Luis Rebello da Silva. "Low frequency impact sound transmission in dwellings." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433731.
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Jenaideb, Abdullah S. S. "Dwellings and dwellers of a contemporary Madina." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.393491.
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Mulligan, Helen. "The thermal performance of vernacular underground dwellings." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293005.
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Kwederis, Donna Jean. "Delimitative walls: dwellings on the N.Y. waterfront." Thesis, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/52121.
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Part of the struggle of making architecture is reconciling its various realities; as it exists as pure idea and its transformation into a ‘thing’ existing in the world. Modern times pose a new challenge as well. As Jacob Bronowski has said, the dilemma is no longer to find structure for material but to find material for structure. Therefore, the ‘imposed idea’ is important as an impetus for Architecture to exist.
In this project the imposed idea was the use of a series of parallel walls, vertical planes, that delimit the place for dwelling.
In the first drawings, an attempt was made to use color as the substantiation or realization of space. The line drawing remains as a descriptive adjunct to the expressive drawing. They <i>become</i> together; the idea vs. its realization each describing the ‘thing’ in its <i>evolving</i> reality.<br>Master of Architecture
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Yiu, Wing-kin Jason. "Experimental housing for diversity of home in a high density city." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31987448.
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Thesis (M. Arch.)--University of Hong Kong, 2004.<br>Includes special report study entitled:Study of traditional house and spaces bonding the house and community or, Study of traditional houses, and spaces bonding families and the community. Also available in print.
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Naude, M. "Oral evidence on the construction of vernacular farm dwellings in the Waterberg (Limpopo Province)." South African Journal of Cultural History, 2009. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1001735.
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Abstract
The Waterberg region is known for its luscious vegetation and
indigenous wood types available for the construction of simple
buildings, structures and furniture. This was probably one of the reasons
why White pioneers and their descendants maintained such a long
tradition of folk architecture in the region. The tradition started in the
first half of the 19th century and lasted until the last half of the 20th
century. Even though most of the older buildings and structures have
disappeared, the information relating to that era’s folk architecture lived
on in the memories and oral history of the generations who remembered
them. This paper introduces some of the oral information regarding the
older pioneer dwellings on farms in the Waterberg.
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Cheng, Chun Kit. "Evaluation on the performance of portable air cleaners by particle sizes in residences /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2002. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?MECH%202002%20CHENG.
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Turner, Carolyn S. "Perceived thermal comfort and energy conservation strategies in residential heating." Diss., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/49947.
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The perception of thermal comfort is an important factor influencing the acceptability of residential heating strategies. The perceived thermal comfort may affect a person's inclination to try a strategy or to use it on a long-term basis. In the study, perceived thermal comfort was assessed in relation to room temperature, humidity, clothing worn, preferred room temperatures, personal control over the temperatures, and energy consumption. The relationships among these variables were examined for five families participating in a live-in study comparing five residential heating strategies. The strategies tested included closing off bedroom vents/doors, setting the thermostat at 65°F, and the use of a solar greenhouse and a woodstove as supplemental heat sources. The families lived in a retrofitted solar test house for a period of four to six weeks. The house was equipped with a computer which monitored 37 channels of information at ten-second intervals and recorded the data hourly. The data collected included temperatures in every room, inside and outside humidity, wind velocity, and other variables that interplay in comfort levels and energy use. The ten adult respondents completed daily and weekly questionnaires containing Likert-type scales of thermal comfort and checklists of clothing worn. The results suggest the following conclusions: 1) the use of a residential setting to measure thermal comfort under varying environmental conditions can be successfully accomplished, 2) psychological variables such as personal control should be considered and tested by persons involved in standards development for the thermal environment, 3) the ability and experience of the persons to use a strategy can affect the achieved energy saving benefits of the strategy, 4) personal preference in the amount of personal effort a person is willing or able to give will impact on the decision on whether to use certain strategies, 5) heating strategies that can produce a direct source of heat or at least some warmer areas were rated higher by the project participants, and 6) weather can play an important role in the effectiveness of the solar greenhouse as a heating source.<br>Ph. D.<br>incomplete_metadata
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Koduveliparambil, Jacob Joseph. "Construction practices in traditional dwellings of Kerala, India." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape16/PQDD_0005/MQ37246.pdf.
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Larmore, Robert. "VHome 3D web-based viewer for residential dwellings /." abstract and full text PDF (free order & download UNR users only), 2006. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1438938.
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Trueblood, Christopher P. Halpin S. Mark. "Modeling a fuel cell system fo residential dwellings." Auburn, Ala., 2006. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2006%20Spring/master's/TRUEBLOOD_CHRISTOPHER_30.pdf.
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Wadsworth, Geoffrey James. "'Tyneside flats' : a paradigm tenure for interconnected dwellings." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1096.
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'Tyneside Flats' are typically terraced buildings comprising pairs of self-contained flats and are particularly prevalent on Tyneside in north eastern England. This thesis examines the land tenure arrangements used for individual Tyneside Flats and the enforcement of land obligations between flat owners. This provides an interesting model for tenurial arrangements across England and Wales where there are interconnected buildings and other small blocks of self contained flats. The thesis includes an analysis of qualitative and quantitative research data obtained from north eastern conveyancers. The first introductory chapter explains the background to the research project and the research objectives. It also contains the research questions and an overview of the literature and methodology used. Chapter two puts Tyneside Flats in their historical context and describes their architectural features. The judicial development of the law of positive freehold obligations from the nineteenth century onwards is analysed in chapter three. Past and present law reform proposals and the 2002 commonhold legislation are assessed in chapter four. In the 1980s a mixed freehold/leasehold arrangement for Tyneside Flat transfer was promulgated by Newcastle Law Society. This standard structure and other alternative freehold conveyancing devices are considered in chapter five. Chapter six contains a detailed and technical analysis of the impact of modern leasehold legislation on the standard form arrangement. The methodology used for data collection is described in chapter seven. Chapter eight examines how the standard Tyneside Flat documentation works in practice. This key chapter analyses qualitative and quantitative research data in detail. The final concluding chapter contains an overview of the research questions and results. It includes recommendations for legislative reform and the future prospects for the standard form arrangement and a freehold land obligation alternative.
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Chui, Y. H. "Vibrational performance of wooden floors in domestic dwellings." Thesis, University of Brighton, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379119.
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Shields, T. J. "A fire safety evaluation points scheme for dwellings." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343585.
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Ingram, Victoria. "Energy performance of traditionally constructed dwellings in Scotland." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/2746.
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This research was commissioned by Historic Scotland, to ascertain what, if any, characteristics specific to traditionally constructed (stone masonry) dwellings in Scotland could impact on the result of an energy assessment. The research uses five case study dwellings, whose energy consumption has been assessed using three separate calculation methodologies: the two Government-accredited steady state methodologies SAP and RdSAP, in addition to a dynamic simulation using the IES Virtual Environment. The research finds primarily that traditionally constructed dwellings use more energy than the UK average, and that certain aspects of the steady state calculation methodologies give erroneous results. These errors are either specific to stone masonry dwellings through application of assumptions with respect to thermal storage and movement, or specific to Scottish dwellings through application of UK average climate variables. Furthermore, there are significant challenges to using dynamic simulations for these dwellings, which may not outweigh the benefits of perceived accuracy by the occupant. Therefore, the research concludes that the steady state methodologies should continue to be utilised, but with the awareness that the methodologies have limitations.
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Glotin, David. "Retrospective simulations of heating consumption in French dwellings." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-235809.
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Res-IRF is an energy-economy model of heating consumption in French dwellings developed at CIRED and calibrated against 2012. It is meant to project the evolution of the building stock and the heating demand by 2050 in response to socio-economic parameters, such as energy price and population, and public policies, such as thermal regulations or incentives for renovation. Res-IRF captures the relevant determinants of household decisions related to energy efficiency improvements and energy demand (sufficiency). The aim of the work presented in this report is to calibrate the model against a past year, to run it from this start date to 2012, and to compare the simulation results with observed data on this period. After an overview of the French residential sector in the last 40 years, this report aims at presenting the model and how it was calibrated against year 1984 and adjusted to the past situation of the building stock. Then, the results of a sensitivity analysis on key parameters of the model are compared to reality and it is discussed how the model can be improved to fit the data better. The main results show that the model accurately replicates the evolution of the building stock until 2012. However, the results do not fit well the data of repartition of heating fuels, especially for fuel oil and natural gas. This may be due to the structure of the model which allows fuel switch only for renovating dwellings; then it could miss possible fuel switches from fuel oil to natural gas without renovation due to the expansion of the natural gas network in France between 1980 and 2000. Furthermore, the actual unit consumption, which is a key output of the model, is well replicated by the model, with an error of 5 to 10%.<br>Res-IRF är en energi-ekonomi modell av värmebehovet i franska byggnader utvecklad av CIRED och kalibrerad mot data för 2012. Det är avsett att förutsäga utvecklingen för byggnadsbeståndet och värmebehovet fram till 2050 med utgångspunkt från socio-ekonomiska parametrar såsom energipriser och befolkningsmängd, politiska beslut som regleringar rörande uppvärmningssektorn och incitament för renoveringar. Res-IRF fångar upp de relevanta faktorer som påverkar hushållens beslut relaterade till förbättringar av energieffektiviteten och energibehoven. Målet med arbetet som presenteras i denna rapport är att kalibrera modellen mot ett redan passerat år, att köra modellen från startåret till 2012, och att jämföra simuleringsresultaten med verkliga observationer för denna period. Efter en översikt över den franska bostadssektorn de senaste 40 åren, följer i rapporten en presentation av modellen och hur den kalibrerades mot året 1984 och sedan anpassats till det dåvarande läget i byggnadsbeståndet. Därefter jämförs resultaten av en känslighetsanalys av nyckelparametrar i modellen med verkligt utfall och en diskussion följer om hur modellen kan förbättras för att bättre passa verkliga data. Huvudresultaten visar att modellen på ett korrekt sätt avbildar utvecklingen av byggnadsbeståndet fram till 2012. Däremot ger resultaten inte god överensstämmelse vad gäller fördelning av bränslen, speciellt inte fördelningen mellan olja och naturgas. Detta kan bero på modellens struktur, som tillåter bränslebyte bara vid renovering; därmed missar den bränslebyten som görs utan samtidig renovering, som tillkommit på grund av utbyggnaden av naturgasnäten i Frankrike mellan 1980 och 2000. Vidare visar modellen god överensstämmelse vad gäller energitillförsel per enhet, vilket är en nyckelparameter bland resultaten från modellen. Denna parameter predikteras med ett fel av 5 till 10%.
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Taliaferro, Lauren Beth. "Archetypal Place Concept for Assisted Living Private Dwellings." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/46317.
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The purpose of this study was to determine which archetypal settings independent living residents of facilities that provide assisted living need and expect in the private living spaces of assisted living residences. The researcher developed an Archetypal Place Concept for Assisted Living Private Dwellings, based on work by Spivak (1984), which included eight archetypal categories with four sub-categories each. This concept was then used as a tool to evaluate scale models of assisted living dwellings constructed by independent living residents of retirement communities that offer assisted living. Seventeen residents in four retirement communities in Southwest Virginia participated in the research.
The findings revealed that sample members believed all eight archetypal categories should be included in assisted living private dwellings. However, the degree to which the archetypal categories should be developed in a dwelling varied depending on whether the sample members were familiar with large or small assisted living dwellings. The most popular combination of sub-categories for sample members familiar with large assisted living dwellings was: multiple rooms not shared by unrelated adults, with separate sleep and living areas; separate sleep areas out of the living room with a door; bathrooms with a toilet, sink, shower, vanity closet, and linen closet; food storage with cooking appliances; two built-in closets; windows facing one direction, some with an outdoor area; separate seating for living and dining out of the sleep area; and kitchenettes with a refrigerator, sink, and cooking appliances. The most popular combination of sub-categories for sample members familiar with large assisted living dwellings was: one room not shared; a sleep area not shared, with no separate living room; a bathroom with a toilet, sink and shower, tied with toile, sink, shower, vanity storage, and linen closet; food storage with no cooking appliances; two built-in closets; windows facing one direction; designated seating arrangement within sleep area; and no kitchen, possible food storage.
It was concluded that assisted living facilities should include a variety of dwelling types to meet different people's needs. However, any assisted living dwelling should include all eight archetypal categories to allow residents to function more comfortably.<br>Master of Science
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Alsaqobi, Abdulaziz. "Reading Tradition: A Hermeneutics of Vernacular Kuwaiti Dwellings." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1407410403.
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Leckie, Katherine Mary. "Collecting Swiss lake-dwellings in Britain, 1850-1900." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2012. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/265530.
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This dissertation asks how knowledge about the past is made and transmitted, and what the role of material culture is in this process. Taking as its case study the Swiss lakedwelling collections acquired in Britain between 1850 and 1900, it uses a selection of these collections as primary sources of the material and social networks that were central to the development of archaeology as a discipline. The project not only supports the more widely held assertion that scientific knowledge is a form of cultural production (Lenoir 1998), but emphasises the material basis of such production, and the traces it leaves. In particular, it pays close attention to previously unexamined aspects of historic collections; namely the transformative practices - such as the conservation, packaging, labelling, cataloguing and illustration - by which lake-dwelling artefacts were salvaged, documented, and displayed. It uses this perspective to shed light on the social networks which motivated such practices, and develops a method of analysing the collections in dialogue with other contemporary representations, underscoring the variety of material contexts and media through which knowledge about lake-dwellings was represented and encountered. This research will hopefully reinvigorate further research into historic collections and their implications for the discipline of archaeology and the museum's own reflections on its historicity and methods of knowledge production.
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Fay, Mark Roger. "Comparative life cycle energy studies of typical Australian suburban dwellings /." Connect to thesis, 1999. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00000382.
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Sveitz, Therese. "Accessibility in ordinary dwellings for various physical disabilities : a comparison between Swedish and Italian dwellings in the 20th to 21th century." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Arkitektur och vatten, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-60228.
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The world population is increasing while the average age rises steadily. With this, the percentage with any kind of physical impairment is equally increasing (WHO, 2011). Today, a large part of our built environment is planned for people without disabilities. The inaccessible environment prevents people with disabilities to live independently and participate in society. This divides the population into two: the ones with a disability and the ones without one. The thesis is focused on accessibility for persons with various physical impairments in dwellings. Building legislation in Italy is limited to Milano and in Sweden the main focus has been Stockholm because of the similar population and accommodation. This master thesis aims at defining how two different countries, both part of the European Union, works with accessibility for disabled. To define and analyze the work at different political levels, laws and guidelines that is used to regulate accessibility for buildings have been investigated and to describe and analyze differences and similarities a comparative method has been used. A literature study and case study have been applied to answer the research questions, as well as for further understanding and comprehension. Both Sweden and Italy has ratified the UN Convention on the Rights of persons with disabilities, but the study has shown that there is work left before the buildings are fully accessible for all. Sweden has a clear legal framework and standards regarding accessibility in buildings, but yet many newly built dwellings do not meet the requirements or the process is ineffective concerning accessibility. Italy has not come as far as Sweden and their current building legislation is very strict, which causes problems for architects and the responsible for control of plans. Control of how well new built apartment houses function is poor and both countries have work to be done in the field; especially In Milano, Italy. When it comes to social support Italy is behind Sweden in available and free social support for disabled. In Italy it is depending on the family to help while in Sweden society take more responsibility. So the thesis shows that the countries have differences despite the same legal framework from the UN and the EU. They can learn from each other and together build a more accessible environment.
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Gentili, Elias. "Exploring Wellbeing in Small and Unconventional Dwellings : Understanding living in small and unconventional dwellings through a multi- dimensional perspective of space." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67430.
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Master thesis, Master of science in Innovation through Business, Engineering and Design with specialization in Business Administration Field of research: Business Administration, School of Business & Economics University: Linnaeus University, Växjö, Sweden Course code: 5FE07E Semester: Spring 2017 Author: Elias Gentili Examiner: Saara Taalas Tutor: Lena Olaison Title: Exploring Wellbeing in Small and Unconventional Dwellings Subtitle: Understanding living in small and unconventional dwellings through a multi- dimensional perspective of space Background: Urbanization and densification is happening in practically all parts of the world. Cities are becoming bigger, and questions about accessibility to the urban areas is a concern. Difficulties in finding affordable accommodation is one, and another one is wellbeing in homes. With the recent interests in the increasing tiny house movement, living solutions that are affordable, simple, and small are gaining in popularity. This is happening partly as a reaction to that the average home size in many parts of the western world have been increasing dramatically in the last decades. Both building regulation institutions and research are often connecting small space living with negative effects on wellbeing. But the tiny house movement seem to show that people can live well also in small dwellings outside of such regulations. The question of what brings wellbeing to a homes has never been more relevant, and the area of small and unconventional housing is lacking research. Research question: What is wellbeing living in small and unconventional homes? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to increase the understanding of wellbeing in small and unconventional homes. The objective of this research is to provide a holistic understanding of wellbeing in such homes, by going beyond firstspace and secondspace dimensions, into a thirdspace perspective. Method: Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews and observations of people chosing to live in small and unconventional dwellings. A thematical analysis strategy suitable for new concept development was adopted. An abductive approach was applied in order to frame the study being multi disciplinary, and in order to obtain increased understandings of the study phenomenon. However, the study focused heavily on the empirical data from my study. Conclusion: This study found that the wellbeing is experienced as a totality of different dimensions: not only does the physical dwelling in itself provide for wellbeing, but also dimensions relating to thoughts, meanings and lived experiences they associate to their dwellings. A holistic perspective is what best can provide an understanding of their experienced wellbeing, where physical, mental and lived dimensions are combined. Furthermore was found that the dwellings can work as facilitators to achieve wellbeing on several levels both relating to their inner space in their dwellings, bringing in other spatialities, and for their lives as a whole. Keywords: Small space living, tiny house movement, experienced wellbeing at home, housing beyond traditions and conventions, influences of spatialities, spatial theory
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Orr, Mary Kay Pugh. "Housing for the elderly a theoretical approach." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/23378.
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Khan, Tareef Hayat. "Living with transformation a study of self-built houses in Dhaka /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40987711.
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Finney, Clifford Lucas. "Reconnections home/work/environment /." This title; PDF viewer required. Home page for entire collection, 2006. http://archives.udmercy.edu:8080/dspace/handle/10429/9.
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Cousineau, Jennifer Ann. "The succah, ritual dwellings in the Jewish vernacular landscape." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq26906.pdf.
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Fox, Jacquelyn. "A study of occupant controlled ventilation within UK dwellings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2008. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1443982/.
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This thesis tests the hypothesis that the ventilation systems installed in UK dwellings, constructed in 2003/04, are adequate to control indoor pollutants and provide acceptable indoor air quality. The debate regarding recommended levels of airtightness for UK dwellings, and the question 'can a limit be established', is also addressed. The theoretical requirements to achieve health, comfort and energy efficiency within dwellings, is reviewed and how the current strategy of 'Build tight and ventilate right' is being achieved in practise compared to theory. The thesis examines in detail the evidence that, in practice we are ventilating right, and explores the concept being applied: 'to control ventilation heat loss, by reducing uncontrollable air infiltration, at the same time as providing adequate indoor air quality by controllable background ventilation'. This study revisits this concept and questions the validity of building tighter buildings only to add 'designer holes' in the name of energy efficiency. The thesis examines the installed performance of the ventilation systems' component parts, as found in UK dwellings. In addition to questionnaires and interviews with residents, the ventilation system 'in-situ' is inspected and tests carried out. The operation of peoples' window habits is also monitored by visual inspection over a one year period. Laboratory measurements of the ventilation system are taken for both ideal installations, and as found in reality on site. The results of this empirical data are then entered into computer models representative of the dwellings, to discover the impact of how buildings really perform. Empirical evidence suggests that occupants control their windows predominantly in response to external temperatures. Installed extract fans can provide as little as 30% of the Building Regulation requirements when manufacturers data suggests that they should comply. This is primarily due to the poor installation of the fan into a real building system. Airflow through background (trickle) ventilators was also found to be compromised by 38%, due to inferior routing of the slot through the window system. Anti-weathering techniques applied by the window manufacturers further inhibited the air flow through the ventilators by as much as 46% compared to the ventilator manufacturers' performance data. The results from the software models indicated that tightly constructed dwellings would provide a reduction in ventilation heat loss, but at the expense of IAQ if ventilation systems were not performing as designed or used as intended. No evidence from either academic studies or from manufactures could be found which measured the installed performance of domestic ventilation systems, in particular the performance of the component parts used to form the basis of a natural ventilation system generally found in most UK dwellings. This thesis provides much needed information on the "real" performance of ventilation systems as "installed" in the UK. The study found there was a need for the installation and performance of ventilation systems to be tested 'in-situ'. There would appear to be a case to call for a legislative regime to inspect and if possible test the ventilation systems of new dwellings as they are completed.
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Correia, de Paiva Anabela Goncalves. "A framework for the evaluation of quality of dwellings." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1983/b4ca7526-1c4b-4f06-981d-11ee09205367.
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The house-building industry should evolve towards the production of dwellings of higher quality standards. Minimum standards are required to ensure that all new homes will be structurally sound, comfortable and have a long and reliable life. The notion of quality does not just concern the dwelling itself, but also the immediate and wider environment, namely the proximity of schools, shopping and leisure areas (theatres, cinemas, sport centres, playgrounds), accessibility (roads, railway lines, underground, buses) and views. To achieve higher quality standards better design quality evaluation and inspection schemes are needed In this thesis a new approach for the evaluation of the quality of dwelling designs named QDF (Quality Dwelling Framework) is proposed. In order to develop QDF a parallel between the form of a dwelling and the form of a human body is drawn. This is justified by the fact that the human body is a most sophisticated and highly developed form. The methodology behind QDF is the systems approach. In QDF, a dwelling is organised, in a hierarchical way, into systems, subsystems and components. Each of the elements in the hierarchy is both a system and apart of a larger system, i. e. a holon. Holons are modelled as software objects, in the sense of object-oriented programming. QDF is an important contribution in the direction of raising dwelling quality standards (quality is used here in the sense of fitness for purpose). It provides a comprehensive framework to implement and develop different quality evaluation methods, adapted to different countries and cultures. No specific parameters are imposed for quality evaluation of each system, and so dWerent quality evaluation schemes may be implemented The parameters are dependent on several factors, namely: the climate, the habits of the users and the development of the construction industry in the relevant country. QDF is a generic framework, within which different evaluation methods can be implemented and adapted to different situations. It has been designed so that it can help all parties involved in the residential building industry, namely users, builders, architects, engineers, property developers, bankers, building societies, state agents and politicians, to agree upon quality standards tuned to the national or regional realities. A strategy for the corroboration of QDF has been proposed, based on Popper's philosophy of scientific knowledge and on an extension of this theory proposed by Blockley in the context of risk analysis. QDF can only achieve a high degree of corroboration by testing it in practice in the long term, i. e. users will use the system, make decisions, live in a house; and then provide feedback as to whether the evaluation turned out to be dependable or true (i. e. decisions correspond with the facts). The process of evaluating QDF has been initiated by using a prototype system, developed in the programming environment KAPPA, to evaluate different dwelling designs as well as different alternative solutions for the same dwelling design. QDF is compared with product models of buildings, namely the BATAS product model and the AEC building systems model. The QDF prototype system implements the quality evaluation for a thermal system (the metrics have been developed by Paiva and are based in the Portuguese thermal regulations), an electrical system (the metrics used are defined in the Qualitel method) and a close environment system (the metrics used are defined in the SEL method). The development and use of the prototype indicates that the complexity of modelling a dwelling in a comprehensive way calls for advanced computer techniques which provide high storage capacity and fast processing. As QDF is a naturally parallel system, this could be achieved in future by using parallel computer architectures, which are adequate for the developed model, based on the object-oriented paradigm.
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Cousineau, Jennifer Ann Carleton University Dissertation Art History. "The Succah: ritual dwellings in the Jewish vernacular landscape." Ottawa, 1997.
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Santos, Calado Marianito Da Ascensao Guilherme Antonio. "Development of inorganic polymers for near-zero energy dwellings." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424884.
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Alkali activation has been emerging as a sustainable technology to produce innovative construction materials. Alkali-activated materials have been extensively investigated, but different levels of scientific understanding and industrial implementation can be found among several subgroups of such materials.
The most widely examined alkali-activated materials are commonly known as geopolymers. The scientific knowledge of their reaction mechanisms and structures is mature, and their market implementation fairly consolidated. Conversely, inorganic polymers (IP) is a different subgroup of alkali-activated materials since their chemistry does not exactly correspond to the definition of geopolymers. These systems are challenging but unlikely geopolymers can admit a wide range of precursors offering an opportunity to valorize low-value raw materials that include several wastes and industrial by-products. The diversity of precursors that can be used in IP production hinders the definition of production guideposts, and dedicated research is needed to define ad hoc mix designs according to the precursors’ characteristics and envisioned applications.
This doctoral research was focused on the multiscale development of inorganic polymers and the conceptual design of sustainable and multifunctional materials for near-zero energy consume buildings. Vitrified residues produced during the thermochemical conversion of refused derived fuel were taken as a representative case study of a broad group of currently underutilized industrial by-products, namely calcium-iron-rich slags.
The aim of this work was to understand the fundamental processing parameters affecting the reaction mechanism involved in the formation of calcium-iron-rich IPs and their correlation with the chemical and physico-mechanical properties of the developed materials. The major technological constraints related to the use of such slags as IP precursors were examined, and the most suitable production conditions to obtain IP products with enhanced properties identified. A broad range of IP materials with engineered properties was developed and optimized. The efforts made in developing predictive models, in optimizing mixture proportions and in minimizing the shrinkage of IP binders and mortars are described. Optimized products characterized by a high dosage of residues in their composition, increased volumetric stability, excellent mechanical properties, and good residual characteristics after exposure to high temperatures were developed. The functionalization of IP mortars was addressed, and the effects of incorporating phase change materials in the mix design investigated. Lightweight IPs were developed using different processing routes, and their mechanical and thermal properties examined.
Different IP products were used to develop multi-layer sandwich panels that were both thermal insulating and reactive to temperature fluctuations. The problematics related to their upscaling were analyzed, and the production processes optimized. Semi-industrial sandwich panels were produced to demonstrate the feasibility of the solutions proposed.
The topic analyzed in this doctoral research and the insights provided are a significant contribution to the implementation of alkali-activation technology as a viable upcycling solution for industrial by-products, and particularly interesting to the construction sector in which current efforts to achieve lower environmental impacts are considerable. The use of calcium-iron-rich slags, like the ones produced in thermochemical conversion processes, in such production schemes is a plausible large-scale upcycling route that can absorb significant volumes of those residues and, by doing so, contribute to increasing the sustainability of industrial sectors in which such residues are produced.<br>I leganti ad attivazione alcalina (nella formulazione originale inglese “alkali-activated materials”) stanno sempre più affermandosi come soluzione tecnologica sostenibile ed innovativa nella produzione di materiali da costruzione. Molti lavori esistono al riguardo, ma il livello di comprensione scientifica e di implementazione industriale di questi materiali, varia a seconda dei diversi tipi di leganti ad attivazione alcalina a cui si fa riferimento.
I materiali ad attivazione alcalina più studiati sono i geopolimeri. I meccanismi e le reazioni coinvolte nella formazione di questi materiali sono ormai noti e consolidati da tempo nella comunità scientifica, così come la loro implementazione sul mercato. Un diverso sottogruppo dei materiali ad attivazione alcalina sono i polimeri inorganici (“inorganic polymers”). La loro chimica differisce dai geopolimeri in quanto non ottenuti dall’esclusiva attivazione alcalina di materiali allumino-silicatici. Gli polimeri inorganici derivano da sistemi chimicamente complessi ma sono allo stesso tempo versatili. Contrariamente ai geopolimeri infatti, i polimeri inorganici possono essere prodotti utilizzando una vasta gamma di precursori, offrendo quindi l’opportunità di valorizzare materie prime di basso costo che includono anche numerosi rifiuti e sottoprodotti industriali. Tuttavia, l’ampia varietà di questi materiali fa sì che studi ad hoc siano necessari per ogni potenziale precursore in funzione della sua composizione chimica e dell’applicazione finale prevista.
La presente tesi di dottorato è finalizzata allo sviluppo di materiali da costruzione funzionalizzati e sostenibili, utili alla realizzazione di edifici ad un consumo di energia quasi zero (“near Zero Energy Building, nZEB”) e messi a punto attraverso lo studio di polimeri inorganici prodotti da rifiuti non altrimenti valorizzabili: le scorie vetrose ottenute dalla conversione termochimica di combustibili derivato da rifiuti (CDR). Caratterizzati da alti contenuti di Ca e Fe, questi residui possono essere considerati rappresentativi di un più ampio gruppo di rifiuti e sottoprodotti attualmente scarsamente utilizzabili e spesso destinati al conferimento in discarica.
Obiettivo principale del presente lavoro era quello di comprendere i meccanismi delle reazione coinvolte nella formazione di polimeri inorganici ottenuti dall’attivazione alcalina di queste scorie, e di determinarne le correlazioni con le proprietà chimiche e fisico-meccaniche del prodotto finale. Attraverso l’uso di modelli statistici predittivi, sono stati sviluppati, ottimizzati ed ingegnerizzati un’ampia gamma di polimeri inorganici. I risultati sperimentali riportati nel presente lavoro riguardano innanzitutto lo sviluppo e l’ottimizzazione di mix design, in grado di massimizzare il contenuto di scoria come precursore. Altro aspetto molto importante di studio ha riguardato la riduzione dei ritiri per una migliore stabilità volumetrica di leganti e malte prodotti a partire dagli polimeri inorganici ottimizzati. Eccellenti proprietà meccaniche e buone prestazioni residue dopo l’esposizione alle alte temperature, sono fra le principali proprietà analizzate che caratterizzano le formulazioni sviluppate.
Con lo scopo di ottenere un prodotto in grado di incrementare l’efficienza energetica degli edifici, un importante parte del lavoro ha riguardato la funzionalizzate del materiale sviluppato. L’ingegnerizzazione della microstruttura, per ottenere un materiale leggero e termicamente isolante, e l’aggiunta di materiali a cambiamento di fase (“Phase Change Materials, PCMs”), capaci di ridurre le fluttuazioni termiche, sono le due principali tematiche tecnologiche investigate. Tale studio ha portato alla realizzazione di panelli multistrato in grado di offrire entrambe le proprietà termiche desiderate. Attraverso l’ottimizzazione dei parametri di produzione, compatibili con i requisiti di scalaggio industriale, sono stati realizzati in laboratorio prototipi in scala naturale, che dimostrando la piena fattibilità tecnica delle soluzioni proposte.
Il tema proposto e gli approfondimenti forniti in questa tesi di dottorato sono di particolare interesse per il settore delle costruzioni, sempre più attento a soluzioni innovative capaci di ridurre l’impatto sull’ambiente. La valorizzazione di scorie ricche in calcio e ferro, così come proposta nel presente lavoro, rappresenta una plausibile via di riciclo su larga scala in grado di assorbire significativi volumi di scarti. Valorizzare questi rifiuti convertendoli in materiali da costruzione che, nella loro vita utile, consentono di ridurre l’impatto energetico degli edifici, ha quindi un elevato beneficio che è sia economico che ambientale.
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Chen, Suifeng. "The role of data in housing design in China." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43895608.
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Lee, Kwun-hang. "Energy labeling of residential buildings in Hong Kong." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43784008.
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Kokurina, Hanna. "Influences of acculturation on house form as reflected in a Russian immigrant group in the United States." Online access for everyone, 2006. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Summer2006/H%5FKokurina%5F072606.pdf.
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Sparti, Steve. "Payback information : it's effect on home buyers regarding energy efficiency /." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2006. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd1343.pdf.
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Freitas, Maria João 1964. "Habitação e cidadania-no trilho da complexidade de processos relacionais generativos." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- ISCTE-Instituto Superior de Ciências do Trabalho e da Empresa -- -Departamento de Sociologia, 2001. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30063.
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Coelho, António Baptista. "Análise e avaliação da qualidade arquitectónica residencial." Phd thesis, Instituições portuguesas -- UP-Universidade do Porto -- -Faculdade de Arquitectura, 1994. http://dited.bn.pt:80/30224.
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