Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dwellings Thermal properties

Academic literature on the topic 'Dwellings Thermal properties'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Dwellings Thermal properties"

1

Zhang, Tao, Jia Ping Liu, Jun Wang, and Qi Wei Zhang. "Evaluation for Climates Adaptive Capability of Traditional Tuzhang Dwelling." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 1219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.1219.

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Present study is concentrated on evaluating the climate adaptive capability of Tuzhang dwellings. The comparisons to different thermal physical properties such as thermal resistance R0, thermal inertia index data D, reduction coefficient of thermal wave transferring V0 and thermal transferring delaying time ξ0 have been performed between Tuzhang dwelling and normal brick house. Comparing results show that Tuzhang dwelling has much better thermal properties than normal brick house. Therefore, regarding to climate adaptive capability, traditional Tuzhang dwelling is vastly superior to brick house.
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Luo, Zhixing, and Yiqing Lu. "Multi-case study on the carbon emissions of the ecological dwellings in cold regions of China over the whole life cycle." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 38, no. 5 (July 2, 2020): 1998–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598720934054.

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This study employed the bottom-up life cycle assessment method, examining the life cycle carbon emissions of three dwellings constructed at different times with different techniques in Yinchuan City, China, i.e. traditional earth brick dwelling (Case 1), brick–straw bale dwelling (Case 2), wood–straw solar energy dwelling (Case 3). The study aimed to find the methods of reducing carbon emissions, so as to slow down the global warming. The results showed that (1) with excellent thermal insulation properties, straw bale was remarkably effective in reducing carbon emissions from heating at the use stage; (2) 15 kWp solar photovoltaic panels contributed to offsetting the carbon emission of the dwelling; (3) straw bales and logs could store the carbon in building envelope, which partly offset the carbon emissions. The findings of this study have proved that ecological building materials and solar photovoltaic system have great potential in reducing carbon emissions of buildings, and can provide a basis for the design and material selection of future dwellings in order to promote the development of green dwellings.
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Rodríguez Jara, Enrique Ángel, Álvaro Ruiz-Pardo, Marta Conde García, and José Antonio Tenorio Ríos. "Effect of Wood Properties and Building Construction on Thermal Performance of Radiant Floor Heating Worldwide." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 27, 2022): 5427. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115427.

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Due to its relatively lower thermal conductivity, the suitability of wood is called into question when selecting the flooring material best suited to radiant heating systems. The European standard EN 1264 considers floorings with a thermal resistance over 0.15 m2 K/W to be out of scope. This belief was partially disproved in a previous article that studied wooden floors for Madrid’s climate. However, the effect of climate still needs to be addressed. The present study extends the previous research to worldwide climates and aimed to answer the following questions: (1) Do the lowest thermal conductivity woods present good thermal performance when used in radiant floors? (2) Should the flooring have a maximum thermal resistance value? (3) Is the standard thermal resistance limit of 0.15 m2 K/W objectively justified? And (4) Do the answers of the preceding questions depend on the climate and the construction characteristics? To answer these questions, 28 cities were selected according to the Köppen–Geiger climate classification. In each city, 216 different dwellings were simulated with 60 wood floorings and one of low thermal resistance as a reference, comprising a total of 368,928 cases. Thermal performance was evaluated in terms of three parameters: energy demand, thermal comfort, and start-up lag time. Consequently, the answers to the previous questions were: (1) The lowest thermal conductivity woods can be used efficiently worldwide in radiant floor heating systems with start-up lag times close to that of the reference flooring; (2) There is no limit value for thermal resistance for floorings that can be applied to all dwellings and climates; (3) No objective justification was found for establishing a thermal resistance limit for flooring of 0.15 m2 K/W; and (4) Climate and construction characteristics can play an important role in the correct selection of flooring properties, especially in severe winters and dwellings with the greatest outdoor-exposed envelope and the worst insulation.
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Du, Shu Ting, Jin Zhu Ma, and Dong Wang. "Experimental Research on Thermal and Mechanical Properties of Modified Rammed Earth Material." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.773.

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Taking the mix proportion of rammed earth dwellings in Anji as the basic standard, the physical properties, thermal properties, mechanical properties of rammed earth in various mix proportion have been tested by means of experiments. The results showed that the proportion of hydrated lime added to the rammed earth have a direct influence on the thermal conductivity, specific heat, compressive strength and shear strength of rammed earth specimens, the thermal and mechanical properties of modified rammed earth material is better when hydrated lime in the proportion of 10%～20%.
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Ruiz-Pardo, Álvaro, Enrique Ángel Rodríguez Jara, Marta Conde García, and José Antonio Tenorio Ríos. "Influence of Wood Properties and Building Construction on Energy Demand, Thermal Comfort and Start-Up Lag Time of Radiant Floor Heating Systems." Applied Sciences 12, no. 5 (February 23, 2022): 2335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12052335.

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Radiant floor heating is becoming increasingly popular in cold climates because it delivers higher comfort levels more efficiently than conventional systems. Wood is one of the surface coverings most frequently used in radiant flooring, despite the widely held belief that in terms of thermal performance it is no match for higher conductivity materials if a high energy performance is intended. Given that the highest admissible thermal resistance for flooring finishes or coverings is generally accepted to be 0.15 m2K/W, wood would appear to be a scantly appropriate choice. Nonetheless, the evaluation of the thermal performance of wooden radiant floor heating systems in conjunction with the building in terms of energy demand, thermal comfort, and start-up period, has been insufficiently explored in research. This has led to the present knowledge gap around its potential to deliver lower energy consumption and higher thermal comfort than high-thermal-conductivity materials, depending on building characteristics. This article studies the thermal performance of wood radiant floors in terms of three parameters: energy demand, thermal comfort, and start-up lag time, analysing the effect of wood properties in conjunction with building construction on each. An experimentally validated radiant floor model was coupled to a simplified building thermal model to simulate the performance of 60 wood coverings and one reference granite covering in 216 urban dwellings differing in construction features. The average energy demand was observed to be lower in the wood than in the granite coverings in 25% of the dwellings simulated. Similarly, on average, wood lagged behind granite in thermal comfort by less than 1 h/day in 50% of the dwellings. The energy demand was minimised in a significant 18% and thermal comfort maximised in 14% of the simulations at the lowest thermal conductivity value. The vast majority of the wooden floors lengthened the start-up lag time relative to granite in only 30 min or less in all the dwellings. Wood flooring with the highest thermal resistance (even over the 0.15 m2K/W cited in standard EN 1264-2) did not significantly affect the energy demand or thermal comfort. On average, wood flooring lowered energy demand by 6.4% and daily hours of thermal comfort by a mere 1.6% relative to granite coverings. The findings showed that wood-finished flooring may deliver comparable or, in some cases, higher thermal performance than high-conductivity material coverings, even when their thermal resistance is over 0.15 m2K/W. The suggestion is that the aforementioned value, presently deemed the maximum admissible thermal resistance, may need to be revised.
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FRANQUELO SOLER, JUAN, ELIDIA BEATRIZ BLÁZQUEZ PARRA, OSCAR DE COZAR MACIAS, MANUEL DAMIAN MARIN GRANADOS, and FRANCISCO JAVIER SOTO VILLARAN. "LOW-VELOCITY AIR INFILTRATION IN BUILDINGS, DISPLACEMENT DIFFUSION AND EFFECTS ON THERMAL EFFICIENCY AND COMFORT: A CASE STUDY." DYNA ENERGIA Y SOSTENIBILIDAD 11, no. 1 (May 2, 2022): [12P.]. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/es10448.

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ABSTRACT: In 1979, the Spanish government implemented the standard “Basic Building on Thermal Conditions in Buildings NBE-CT-79”. It was then that the first requirements regarding insulation and thermal properties of materials were established to reduce energy consumption. The Mediterranean climate has influenced that insufficient attention has been paid to building insulation. In dwellings before 1979, it was detected that there is a feeling of lack of comfort. However, it is not so well known that there is a lack of airtightness in these dwellings, which may contribute to discomfort. The aim of the article is to find out if the air that enters spontaneously by infiltration produces effects similar to those of a displacement diffuser and how it affects thermal comfort. Thus, cold air would flow down the walls and be evenly distributed on the floor in winter, creating a homogeneous layer and feeling discomfort. Air infiltration measurements were carried out in 5 dwellings with an anemometer and infrared thermography to support the initial hypothesis. The Fanger Method, provided by the Polytechnic University of Valencia, was used to determine the thermal sensation produced. It was found that the cold air descended slowly and continuously to the ground in a similar way to a displacement diffuser, remaining for hours and being influential in the thermal conditions of the rooms and the lack of comfort of its occupants. Keywords: air infiltration, discomfort, thermography, displacement difusión, energy efficiency.
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Flores-Alés, Vicente, Alexis Pérez-Fargallo, Jesús A. Pulido Arcas, and Carlos Rubio-Bellido. "Effect on the Thermal Properties of Mortar Blocks by Using Recycled Glass and Its Application for Social Dwellings." Energies 13, no. 21 (October 31, 2020): 5702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13215702.

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Including recycled waste material in cement mixes, as substitutes for natural aggregates, has resulted in diverse research projects, normally focused on mechanical capacities. In the case of recycled glass as an aggregate, this provides a noticeable improvement in thermal properties, depending on its dosage. This idea raises possible construction solutions that reduce the environmental impact and improves thermal behavior. For this research, an extended building typology that is susceptible to experiencing the risk of energy poverty has been chosen. The typology is typical for social housing, built using mortar blocks with crushed glass. First, the basic thermophysical properties of the mortars were determined by laboratory tests; after that, the dynamic thermal properties of representative constructive solutions using these mortars were simulated in seven representative climate zones in Chile. An analysis methodology based on periodic thermal transmittance, adaptive comfort levels and energy demand was run for the 21 proposed models. In addition, the results show that thermal comfort hours increases significantly in thermal zones 1, 2, 3 and 6; from 23 h up to 199 h during a year. It is in these zones where the distance with respect to the neutral temperature of the m50 solution reduces that of the m25 solution by half; i.e., in zone 1, from −429 °C with the m25 solution to −864 °C with the m50. This research intends to be a starting point to generate an analysis methodology for construction solutions in the built environment, from the point of view of thermal comfort.
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Santana, Bruno Oliveira, Jefferson Torres-Quezada, Helena Coch, and Antonio Isalgue. "Monitoring and Calculation Study in Mediterranean Residential Spaces: Thermal Performance Comparison for the Winter Season." Buildings 12, no. 3 (March 9, 2022): 325. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings12030325.

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In cold regions, the reduction in envelope thermal transmittance is often the dominant parameter in ensuring thermal comfort in buildings. However, countries in warmer climates have also adopted this same strategy, often neglecting other parameters that are more influential in their respective climate regions that can achieve thermal comfort. This study focuses on passive building strategies to ensure a building’s thermal comfort conditions in Mediterranean climates in the winter. This monitoring study compares two dwellings during the winter in Barcelona, Spain, in order to analyze the impact of not only the envelope’s thermal properties on indoor temperature, but also the role of other factors such as outdoor temperature and solar gains. The dwellings were built in different decades, each following distinct building technical codes, diverse construction techniques, and building materials. The methodology used in this study is based on thermal measurements, meteorological data, and spreadsheet calculations. Comparing these results with the recent updates in Spain’s technical code and other studies, the investigation demonstrates that to achieve a suitable indoor thermal temperature in a passive way, especially in Mediterranean climates, incorporating other factors such as the combination of thermal inertia and solar gains can be more effective than a strategy mainly focused on reducing thermal transmittance. This analysis demonstrates that a building’s thermal performance does not mainly depend on envelope thermal transmittance, but rather a complex system involving a set of variables such as thermal inertia as well as solar gains, based on parameters such as building orientation and urban context.
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9

Lakatos, Ákos, István Csarnovics, and Attila Csík. "Systematic Analysis of Micro-Fiber Thermal Insulations from a Thermal Properties Point of View." Applied Sciences 11, no. 11 (May 27, 2021): 4943. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11114943.

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In the European Union, almost 40% of all energy consumption comes from buildings, while another 20–25% comes from transport. In the European Union, including Hungary, only buildings with almost-zero energy demand could be built after 2020, and the use of renewable energies must be strengthened. The Renewable Directive stipulated that by 2020, the share of renewable energy in buildings must be 25%, and in transport it must be 10%; the use of electric vehicles is vital. There are about four million dwellings in Hungary, of which approximately three million need to be renovated, and only some of these (a few hundred) meet the cost-optimized level of the 2020 directive. The use of insulation materials is very important in the transport sector, too. Insulation materials are also used by aircraft and electric vehicles. To reduce the energy loss from buildings, different insulation materials can be used; investigations of insulation materials are very important. This paper presents a comprehensive research report on insulation materials which could be used for building elements, HVAC (heating, ventilation, and air conditioning appliances) equipment, and vehicles. In this paper, laboratory investigations will be presented along with calculations to better understand the properties and behavior of these materials. For this, firstly structural analysis with scanning electron microscope will be presented. Moreover, the paper will present thermal conductivity and combustion heat measurement results. The sorption and hydrophobic behavior of the materials will be also revealed. Finally, the article will also display differential scanning calorimetry measurements and Raman spectroscopy results of the samples. The research was conducted on four different types of colorized microfiber lightweight wool insulation.
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Zakriya, G. Mohamed, G. Ramakrishnan, T. Palani Rajan, and D. Abinaya. "Study of thermal properties of jute and hollow conjugated polyester fibre reinforced non-woven composite." Journal of Industrial Textiles 46, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 1393–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1528083715624258.

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Sandwich structure of non-woven composite is produced by using a compressive hot pressing method. It is ranging from 2500 grams per square meter (gsm) to 3500 gsm. Composite sample is designed using Box and Behnken model. Considering 50–70% weight of jute fibre content with 30–50% weight of hollow conjugated polyester fibre, ideal thickness of the composites is maintained in the range from 4 to 5 mm. Thermal properties such as thermal conductivity, thermal resistance, thermal transmittance and thermal diffusivity were evaluated by considering three factors: weight of jute (A), weight of hollow conjugated polyester (B) and thickness of the composite (C). The thermal conductivity of the composite material is determined by heat flow meter method ASTM C518. Experiment result will help to make a suitable standardized panel composite for thermal insulation. It requires 3600 gsm 51/49 parts of contribution of jute/hollow conjugated polyester fibre with 5.0 mm thickness and 3200 gsm 76.5/23.5 parts of contribution of jute/hollow conjugated polyester fibre with 4.5 mm thickness of the composites. The composite weight of 3280 gsm shown optimized thermal responses, it was predicted from response surface method graph. Contribution of jute/hollow conjugated polyester fibre of 54/46 parts with 5.0 mm thickness would be considered to make standardized composite panel. Mostly air conditioning process reduces the energy cost spent for the thermal stability in indoor climate of dwellings.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dwellings Thermal properties"

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Kumirai, Tichaona. "Energy efficiency interventions for residential buildings in Bloemfontein using passive energy techniques." Thesis, Bloemfontein : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/124.

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Thesis (M. Tech. (Mech. Eng.)) -- Central University of Technology, Free state, 2010
The purpose of this research is to minimize the use of active systems in providing thermal comfort in single-family detached, middle to high income residential buildings in Bloemfontein. The typical case study house was selected according to the criteria as reviewed by Mathews et al., (1999). Measurements were taken for seven days (18 – 24 May 2009). The measurements were carried out in the winter period for Bloemfontein, South Africa. Ecolog TH1, humidity and temperature data logger was used in doing the measurements. These measurements included indoor temperatures and indoor relative humidity. Temperature swings of 8.43 ºC and thermal lag of 1 hour were observed. For the period of seven days (168 hours), the house was thermally comfortable for 84 hours. Thermal analysis for the base case house was done using Ecotect™ (building analysis software) and the simulated results were compared with the measured results. A mean bias error (MBE) of between 10.3% ≤≤11.5% was obtained on the initial calibration. The final calibration of the model yielded error between0.364% ≤≤0.365%. The final calibration model which presented a small error was adopted as the base case. Passive strategies were incorporated to the Ecotect™ model (final calibrated model) singly and in combination; then both thermal and space load simulations were obtained and compared to simulations from the original situation (base case) for assessing improvements in terms of thermal comfort and heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) energy consumption. Annual HVAC electricity savings of up to 55.2 % were obtained from incorporating passive strategies in combination. Incorporating passive strategies resulted in small improvements in thermal comfort.
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Dickason, Deborah. "Green Improvements: A Consumer's Guide to Environmentally and Economically Responsible Home Repairs and Improvements for the North Central Texas Region." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2004. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc4625/.

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The Consumer's Guide is designed to help consumers by providing guidelines for the purchase of specific energy-efficient household appliances- water heaters, air conditioning and heating systems, windows, dishwashers, refrigerators, clothes washers, and dryers. This serves two major purposes: to decrease the environmental impact of those products and to save consumers money over the lifetime of the products. The seven major appliances covered in this work are things that consumers tend to purchase quickly when their older models wear out and with little research into their energy and/or water efficiency. The guide begins with a general introduction and an explanation of the need for energy conservation. Explanations of how they work, purchasing tips, installation tips, maintenance tips, tips for additional energy efficiency, and case studies are given for each appliance. Printable pamphlets are included at the end.
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Books on the topic "Dwellings Thermal properties"

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Design and thermal performance: Below-ground dwellings in China. Newark: University of Delaware Press, 1990.

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Haskell, W. Ted. Energy efficient windows. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1992.

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Carruthers, D. D. Thermal design for hot climate housing: Results of research carried out for SERIWA (Solar Energy Research Institute of WA) in the School of Architecture at the University of Western Australia. East Perth, WA: Minerals and Energy Research Institute of Western Australia, 1991.

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Alamdari, F. Cold downdraughts: The influence of warm air distribution with ceiling mounted slot diffusers. Bracknell: Building Services Research and Information Association, 1995.

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Marylee, MacDonald, ed. The quiet indoor revolution. Champaign, Ill: Small Homes Council-Building Research Council, University of Illinois, College of Fine and Applied Arts, 1992.

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Bailey, D. W. Evaluation of foamed-in-place polyurethane for exterior walls of R-2000 homes. [Ottawa: Energy, Mines and Resources Canada], 1987.

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United States. Department of Energy and Montana Energy Division, eds. Window insulation: How to sort through the options. Helena, Mont. (Capitol Station, Helena 59620): The Division, 1985.

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Heller, Jon. Northwest residential infiltration survey. Seattle, WA: Ecotope, 1989.

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Wilkins, Helen. The evolution of the built environment: Complexity, human agency and thermal performance. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2009.

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Wilkins, Helen. The evolution of the built environment: Complexity, human agency and thermal performance. Oxford: Archaeopress, 2009.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dwellings Thermal properties"

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Hasan, S. M. Kamrul, Abdullah Fahim, Mohammad Al Ahsan, Jeffrey C. Suhling, Sa'd Hamasha, and Pradeep Lall. "Evolution of Mechanical Properties and Microstructure in SAC Bulk Solder and Solder Joints During Thermal Cycling Exposures." In ASME 2021 International Technical Conference and Exhibition on Packaging and Integration of Electronic and Photonic Microsystems. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2021-74044.

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Abstract Electronic packages are frequently exposed to thermal cycling during their service life between low to high temperature extreme. Similar phenomena can be observed in solder joints during the characterization of thermal-mechanical fatigue behavior. This variation in temperature causes the evolution of mechanical and microstructural behavior of solder joints. Also, dwelling at high temperature extreme causes the mechanical properties reduction of solder joints due to thermal aging phenomena which eventually leads to the change in microstructure. In literature, the effect of thermal aging on the mechanical behavior evolution has been reported by several research groups, but the evolution of mechanical and microstructural properties under different thermal cycling exposure is limited. In our prior study, reduction of mechanical properties of SAC305 lead-free solder material under different thermal cycling exposures have been reported for up to 5 days of thermal cycling. It was found that thermal cycling with long ramp period and dwell time has severe effect on mechanical properties reduction. In our present study, previous study has been extended up to 100 days along with the mechanical behavior evolution of solder joints under stress free condition at different thermal cyclic loading. Particularly, the evolutions of mechanical behavior in both bulk SAC305 miniature solder bar samples and small SAC305 solder balls under stress free condition have been investigated for several thermal cycling profiles, and then the results were compared. Reflow solidification technique with a controlled temperature profile has been used to prepare bulk solder specimens for uniaxial tensile testing. Optical microscopy has been used to figure out the single grain BGA solder balls after grounding and polishing to avoid grain orientation effect during nanoindentation technique. Then, both bulk solder bars and solder balls were thermally cycled between −40 C to +125 °C under a stress-free condition (no load) in a thermal chamber. Several thermal loading were adopted such as (1) 150 minutes cycles with 45 minutes ramps and 30 minutes dwells, (2) air-to-air thermal shock exposures with 30 minutes dwells and near instantaneous ramps, (3) 90 minute cycles with 45 minutes ramps and 0 minutes dwells (thermal ramp only), and (4) Isothermal aging at high temperature extreme (no cycle). After each thermal cycling exposure, mechanical properties evolution of both solder bars and solder balls were recorded in terms of effective elastic modulus (E), hardness (H), yield strength (YS), and ultimate tensile strength (UTS). For the BGA solder balls, the evolution of mechanical properties was measured using nanoindentation. Moreover, mechanical properties evolution of both specimens was compared in terms of normalized properties with respect to elapsed time under different thermal cycling exposures. Finally, the microstructural evolution of bulk solder bars was observed under slow thermal cycling exposures with elapsed time.
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Villalba, José Luís, José Macías, Haci Baykara, Nestor Ulloa, and Guillermo Soriano. "Operational Energy Comparison of Concrete and Foamed Geopolymer Based Housing Envelopes." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71837.

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The present article provides an operational energy comparison of modern concrete and foamed geopolymers as envelope materials for single unit housing in Ecuador. The study is performed by replacing the concrete material used in the walls and roof elements with foamed geopolymer components. Residential building sector requires around 35.6% of the total energy demand in Ecuador. For this reason, efforts on building practices improvement are relevant for the Ecuadorian society. The foamed geopolymers are a mixture of aluminosilicate material obtained from Ecuadorian natural zeolite, group of alkaline activators and the foamed agent that when mixing the raw materials and obtain the geopolymer. To assess the potential use of foamed geopolymers as construction material, the annual energy demand for a social interest dwelling was obtained through simulation with EnergyPlus. Prefabricated Insulated Concrete Forms was established as the construction practice for the building model. Annual energy simulations were performed considering two Ecuadorian representative weathers, to Guayaquil and Quito locations. Material properties of foamed geopolymers ware acquired by own experimental facilities. Thermal conductivity was obtained with the use of the hot plate method, while specific heat by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. This analysis uses foamed geopolymers obtained from two procedures. Thus, these proposed materials presented low density, low thermal conductivity, and acceptable compressive strength values. Finally, an assessment of natural geopolymers as a concrete replacement is presented, including a thermal characterization, and a sustainable construction evaluation. The findings affirm the key role of material selection in construction practices. Reductions around 4.0% in annual electricity demand was achieved for Guayaquil case, while energy consumption decreases around 1.3% for Quito.
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