Journal articles on the topic 'Dwellings – Foundations'
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1
Irvine, J. D., and Geoff C. Thomas. "Adequacy of existing house foundations for resisting earthquakes." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 41, no. 1 (March 31, 2008): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.41.1.31-37.
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The past performance of foundations in earthquakes for timber dwellings prompted a practical investigation into the adequacy of existing sub-floor bracing, connection capacity and the overall adherence to NZS3604:1999. Using information gathered from a sample of 80 Wellington dwellings and by using the results from an Earthquake Loss modeller, it was found that the cost of upgrading “at risk” foundations is almost 30 times less expensive than the complete cost of rebuilding dwellings. Potential damage mitigation saves around 5 times the calculated total damage costs. This saving has the potential to reduce temporary shelter costs and other large unknown costs of post-earthquake rehabilitation and reconstruction.
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Omoniyi, Sunday Samuel, Bashir Olufemi Odufuwa, and Festus Osarumwense Uzzi. "Residents’ Perception of Housing Quality Index for Dwellings’ Physical Characteristics in the Core Area of Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria." Jurnal Kejuruteraan 34, no. 2 (March 30, 2022): 223–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jkukm-2022-34(2)-05.
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This study examines residents’ perception of housing quality index for dwellings’ physical characteristics in the core area Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria, South-west Nigeria. A survey of 602 households randomly selected from the core area was done. The results of the study revealed that more than half of the respondents indicated that the present condition of the dwellings components like (roofs, walls, windows, floors, foundations and fascia boards) in the study area was in a very bad state. Subsequently, housing quality index (H.Q.I) for the entire sample was evaluated and the housing quality indexes results were found to be below average (fair) using a five-point Likert scale, starting from very bad (rated as 1), fair (rated as 3) to very good (rated as 5) to calculate the total weighted values of all rated attributes and means values of rated attributes in the study area. Surveyed results have shown significant deterioration in quality of dwellings components in the core area, due to age of buildings and lack of maintenance. The study concluded that there is an urgent need to replace the bad dwellings components, build new structures, provides basic amenities like electricity, pipe-borne water, roads/drainages and to refurbish the existing ones to ensure that the residents do not lack all these amenities.
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Beisenov, Arman Ziyadenovich. "Round dwellings of the saka epoch." Samara Journal of Science 6, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 94–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv201761202.
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Based on the excavation materials from the settlement Tuyetas studied by the author on the territory of Karaganda Region, the characteristics of such a type of Saka dwellings as round houses are considered. According to archaeological research, on the territory of Kazakhstan rounded frame dwellings, along with rectangular, were commonly widespread in the Bronze Age. The frame house with round plan is known from the materials of Saka time Zhetysu (settlement Butakty-1). On the settlement Tuyetas on the excavated area of 408 square meters the remains of foundations of round houses and two annexes were revealed. The author suggests that it was the house of the yurt-shaped form with a powerful stone base with a minimum width of 1 m and a wooden top. The construction with the overall diameter of about 13 m had several rooms, extensive grounds which were also made of stone. One round room with a diameter of about 3-3,5 m was in the centre. Wooden poles on the frame walls of the room at the same time supported the upper structure of the house. Houses of round plan were opened at the Saka settlement Sarybuyrat, located near the settlement of Tuyetas. This type of construction is recorded in a number of other not yet studied settlements in Central Kazakhstan. The study of Saka settlements in Central Kazakhstan is at the initial stage. The source base should be broadened for a comprehensive analysis of many aspects, including features and types of dwellings.
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Hao, Yan’e, and Yongqiang Lan. "Study on Mechanical Calculation Model of Arch Ring in Freestanding Stone Cave-Dwelling." Sustainability 15, no. 12 (June 14, 2023): 9545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15129545.
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The freestanding stone cave-dwelling is a kind of arched and sheltered house built with stones in the Loess Plateau region of northwest China. Amazingly, before construction, this kind of cave-dwelling was not formally calculated and designed in theory, but only built on the experience passed down by predecessors. The arch ring is the main load-bearing component of the freestanding stone cave-dwelling, through which the upper loads are transmitted to the legs on the left and right sides of the cave-dwelling and then to the foundations. Therefore, it is a prerequisite to ensure the safety of cave dwellings by adopting a reasonable and accurate mechanical calculation model for the arch ring of a stone cave-dwelling to reveal the distribution of internal forces in the arch ring and scientifically design the arch ring accordingly. Three mechanical calculation models (structural calculation diagrams) are adopted for the arch ring of stone cave-dwelling, namely, hingeless arch, two-hinged arch, and three-hinged arch. Based on the force equilibrium and the force method from the structure mechanics, the formulae for calculating the internal force of the stone arch ring under these three different mechanical calculation models are derived respectively. The mechanical calculation results of three calculation models are compared and analyzed to clarify the difference and rationality of the stress results of the arch ring under the three mechanical calculation models and the degree of influence on the force of the lower cave-dwelling leg members. Lastly, in accordance with the internal force calculation results, the calculation formulae for the design of the arch ring thickness are proposed. The study shows that the hingeless arch and two-hinged arch models are more consistent with the actual failure characteristics, two-hinged arch calculation model is safer, more accu-rate, and more reliable than the hingeless arch calculation model when it is used in the mechanical analysis of circular arc arch ring. The findings are intended to serve as theoretical references for the design and construction, protection and reinforcement, and sustainable development and inheritance of cave dwellings in the future.
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Kriswandhono, Albertus, and Dwi Yani Yuniawati Umar. "Etno-Arsitektur Umpak-Umpak Batu Tinggalan Budaya Megalitik Masa Protohistori di Lembah Behoa, Kabupaten Poso, Provinsi Sulawesi Tengah." KALPATARU 31, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 122–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.55981/kpt.2022.2335.
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Several structural stones were discovered during research in 1995 – 2004 in Behoa Valley that, if a line is drawn, would form a rectangular polygon with two types of stone, large and small. In 2013, researchers conducted an ethno-architectural study at three megalithic cultural heritage sites in Hanggira Village. The aim is to find out the function of these structured stones. From the results of the ethno-architecture analysis, these structured stones are umpak foundations from dwellings or residential places (Tambi) or places to store special goods or agricultural products (Buho). There is no absolute chronology in the context of the structured stones in the form of umpak foundations. However, from the age of the site, it is expected that these stone umpak foundations had been used since the beginning of the AD century (early metal period) to the protohistoric period.
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Takaya, Kazuki, Kazuto Ota, Cem Yenidogan, Takehiro Takahashi, Shohei Yamada, Hisatoshi Kashiwa, Yosuke Kawamata, Kazuhiro Hayashi, and Takuya Nagae. "Comprehensive wood dwelling tests for Post‐and‐Beam and Shear‐Wall structures reflecting foundation boundaries." Earthquake Engineering and Resilience 3, no. 1 (March 2024): 5–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eer2.66.
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AbstractThis paper focuses on the ultimate state of three‐story wood dwellings with high aspect ratios, which are increasing in Japan's urban areas. Using shaking table test results from the 2019 full‐scale shaking table test, a comprehensive study is conducted on the accuracy of evaluating ultimate state through the story shear failure mode at the first story, the tension fracture mode at the wall base of the first story, and foundation sliding mode on the soil. Methods evaluating the dynamic response behaviors of the building systems are also investigated. In the test, the current Japanese seismic design guidelines were applied, and two Grade‐3 buildings were prepared. One adopted the Post‐and‐Beam structure (A‐building), and the other the Shear‐Wall structure (B‐building). A series of tests planned very different physical boundary conditions surrounding their reinforced concrete (RC) mat foundations. The sills, column bases and wall bases of the upper wood structures were anchored to the RC foundations by steel anchor bolts, according to the current Allowable Stress Design (ASD) requirements. In the first stage, A‐building equipped a Base‐Isolation system, while B‐building represented a generic foundation constructed on a 1.5 m‐height real soil ground by preparing a rigid soil box (Foundation‐Soil system). In the second stage of A‐building and B‐building, the foundation was firmly fixed (Fixed‐Foundation system), and shaking table motions were fully applied to the foundations. The entire test system was setup on the large shaking table facility at E‐Defense, and a series of tests were conducted using JMA‐Kobe motion and JR‐Takatori motion recorded in the 1995 Kobe earthquake as Maximum‐Considered‐Earthquake motions. Confirmed was the change in the structural mechanism due to the upper structural systems and the foundation boundaries. Regarding the upper wood structure performance in the Fixed‐Foundation system, a story shear failure mode was observed at the first story in A‐building, while a tension fracture mode at the base of the first story in B‐building. This difference of failure mode is difficult to determine with ASD. The maximum strength were more than four times higher than the ASD base shear force. Tension fracture capacity at the wall base was mainly enhanced by the presence of the steel anchor bolts. Regarding the foundation performance in Foundation‐Soil system of B‐building, a horizontal displacement up to 240 mm was observed between the foundation and soil when JMA‐Kobe 100% was applied. A response reduction effect was observed in the upper wood structure, similar to the Base‐Isolation system of A‐building. The initial friction and cyclic friction strength capacities between the foundation and soil were quantitatively evaluated considering the horizontal two‐directional sliding. The representative test results were converted to the corresponding SDOF systems based on the first mode response assessment. In the Fixed‐Foundation system, the dynamic response characteristics of the upper wood structures were properly represented using Ibarra‐Medina‐Krawinkler pinching model in the equivalent SDOF system.
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Swedjemark, G. A. "Search for Buildings with High Radon Levels in Sweden: Measurements Carried out by Local Authorities in Both Older and Newly Built Homes." Radiation Protection Dosimetry 24, no. 1-4 (August 1, 1988): 397–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordjournals.rpd.a080311.
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Abstract Local authorities in Sweden have made about 58,000 radon daughter measurements with the following aims: (1) to search for houses with high radon daughter levels, (2) to determine the level above which the house would be regarded as an insanitary dwelling, and (3) to check that the radon daughter concentrations in newly built houses are below the established limit. The sampling of dwellings is therefore not representative for Swedish homes. 5300 homes were found to have levels above the limit 400 Bq.m-3 EER. The highest level found was 28,000 Bq.m-3. In about one third of the homes found to have levels exceeding the limit, measures had been carried out to decrease the radon daughter concentration. About half of the homes in which the levels were decreased had levels below the limit for rebuilding, e.g. 200 Bq.m-3. Measurements in order to ascertain levels in newly built houses were made in about 1100 homes out of 200,000 built since 1981 which was the year in which requirements for newly built houses came into force. Of those built with radon-safe or radon-protective foundations, 94% had concentrations below the 70 Bq.m-3 EER limit, compared to 80% for traditional building techniques.
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S., Tataurov, and Tikhonov S. "Archaeological Heritage of the Town Tara." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 33, no. 2 (2021): 146–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(2).-08.
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The article is devoted to the analysis of archaeological materials obtained during the excavations of the Tara fortress / town Tara by Omsk archaeologists. In the more than four-meter cultural layer, seven building horizons have been preserved, in which all of its history has been contained. The peculiarities of the cultural layer contributed to the unique preservation of large objects (dwellings, outbuildings, defensive structures, pavements), as well as cultural and household items made of leather (shoes, belts, covers), wood (plates and cups, tues, whorls, shovels). Perfectly preserved foundations of churches and lower crowns (up to the ninth) of fortress and prison towers, powder magazines, lower crowns of huts with furniture and stoves make it possible not only to study data on material culture not reflected in written materials, but to raise the question of creating museum complexes «under open air», combining them with full-fledged reconstruction of these buildings. The temples of the 18th — 19th centuries, of which only one has survived, and are still known from excavations of foundations, merchant mansions and residential buildings of the late 19th century complement archaeological materials and allow studying the culture of the Tara population for four centuries. Keywords: Western Siberia, Tara, Russian archaeology, historical cities
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Day, Linda L. "Vernacular Houses in Nineteenth-Century California." California History 101, no. 3 (2024): 27–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ch.2024.101.3.27.
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Colonists and settlers of nineteenth-century California built simple houses with available materials and skills. This bounded case study of selected Northern California houses for artisans, agriculture workers, shopkeepers, public servants, gold diggers, and industrial workers is informed by Dell Upton’s vernacular housing studies. It explains how specific regional contexts influenced local dwelling design, construction, and amenities, while acknowledging that housing was a part of larger economic, transportation, and information networks. Early Spanish/Mexican pueblo (town) and rancho (cattle ranch) adobes were typically one-room buildings with thatched roofs, dirt floors, and few windows. Construction of adobes was time-consuming and produced high-maintenance structures better suited to Southern California than to the high-rainfall, forested landscapes to which the Gold Rush drew American and international settlers. These newcomers sought shelter in tents or in crudely constructed log- and wood-frame dwellings. As the cultural context evolved from Spanish/Mexican to American/Northern European dominance, trade and immigration increased, with adobe and wood-frame builders taking advantage of the transition from an economy controlled by Spain and Mexico to one shaped by international market forces. Increased economic prosperity, the emergence of a California merchant class, industrialization of lumber production, the arrival of immigrants with building skills, and the growing availability of new and readily available building materials improved California’s housing stock. Interspersed among crude frontier shelters came adobes with stone foundations, wood floors, and interior fireplaces, and redwood cottages framed of dimensional, sawmill-cut lumber. By the end of the nineteenth century, wood structures outnumbered those of adobe. While wood prevailed as a structural material, builders often reproduced the form, massing, and style of earlier adobes, as expressed in the California ranch houses that were twentieth-century America’s most popular housing style.
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Yu., Elikhina. "The Finds from Mezhegey Settlement (Republic of Tyva), Stored in the State Hermitage." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 33, no. 1 (2021): 162–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2021)33(1).-10.
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The article describes a small collection of finds from the Mezhegei settlement with the total of 105 items which were included in the collection of the State Hermitage in 1987. The artifacts were discovered by the Tuvan archaeological expedition of Moscow State University under the leadership of L. R. Kyzlasov in 1960. The excavations showed that the buildings of the settlement were constructed in the architectural traditions of the 11th — 13th centuries. Local builders used a frame, the foundations were made of large adobe bricks, the dwellings were heated with kangs, massive bases for columns were preserved, the roof was tiled, there were many bas-reliefs to decorate the walls and the ridge of the roof. The settlement was the remains of a Mongolian city founded in the first half of the 13th century with the area of about twenty-five hectares. There were many buildings in the city, the remains of a rampart and other structures have been preserved. The finds, according to the inventories, come from a Buddhist temple and stupa. These are mainly architectural decorations, tiles and gray clay ceramics. The article describes five findings from the Mezhegey Settlement. Keywords: Mezhegey settlement, archaeology, tiles, architectural fragments
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A., Beisenov. "Review of Preliminary Results of Archaelogical Research in the Area of Mount Aiyrtas in 2022, Central Kazakhstan." Teoriya i praktika arkheologicheskikh issledovaniy 34, no. 3 (September 2022): 132–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14258/tpai(2022)34(3).-08.
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The mountainous area of Aiyrtas is located in the Karkaraly district of the Karaganda region. There, in previous years, the fi rst sites of the early Iron Age were discovered and explored. Among them, eight mounds from three burial grounds were excavated, and settlements of the early Iron Age, Kazakh winterings were also found. In the summer of 2022, under the guidance of the author, a strip 2.6 km long was identifi ed on the upper slope of the mountain, where 8 settlements of the early Iron Age are compactly located. Excavations of the Aiyrtas-3 settlement were carried out. On an area of 432 m2, remains of stone foundations of dwellings and outbuildings were discovered, which, judging by the finds of stone tools and ceramics, belong to two historical eras: the Late Bronze Age and the Saka period. At the same time, questions of the chronology of the upper level of buildings (structures 1–3) will becorrected in the course of obtaining the results of radiocarbon analyses. A few iron objects are associated with the top layer of the site. In the course of research, old Kazakh winterings were discovered, among which, as the author believes, there are earlier ones than those studied in previous years.
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Kapustin, K. M. "THE EXCAVATION IN VYSHGOROD IN 1936." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 34, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 132–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2020.01.09.
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The archives and archaeological materials from excavations in Vyshgorod in 1936 are analysed in the paper. This year the large-scale excavations were conducted on the territory of the old city: near the church of st. Borys and Hlib, two sites in the northeast part of the hillfort and few trenches in different parts of the town.
The obtained results correlate with the reports of the narrative sources and indicate the significant development of the city in the period from the 11th to the mid-13th century. The rapid development of the city occurs at that time: the mausoleum of Sts. Borys and Hlib (explored in 1935—1936) becomes the main architectural dominant of the city area. A city square with dwellings and outbuildings were located around the church. The analysis of the archival materials and artefacts from the excavations in 1936 made it possible to clarify and re-examine the allegations established in the works of the mid-20th century.
The author proves that discovered objects have different chronology. For example, dwellings, outbuilding, pits and sacral building of the 11th—13th centuries are pit 1 (site 1), the foundations and remains of the walls of the church of Sts. Borys and Hlib (site 1; site W) and oven 1 (site 4). The ones dated by the middle of the 11th and the 12th centuries are building 1 (site 1) and pit 1 (site 4). Structures of the 12th and 13th centuries are pit 2 (site 1) and oven 1 (site 4); of the second half of the 13th—14th centuries are building 1 (site «W»), building 1, pit 2 (site 4). Finally, dated by the 17th—19th centuries are building 2, burials 1, 2 (site 1) and burials 1—19 (site 4). The cultural layers and objects exclusively of Kyiv Rus time were found on the territory of suburbs (pottery furnaces 1 and 2 in a trench at the south of the hillfort; burials 1—3 in trenches on the territory of the Doroshenko estate).
In general, the obtained results confirm and at some moments substantially detail our knowledge on the historical development of the city during the Middle Ages and Modern times.
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Põdra, Alois Andreas, Gert Air Allas, Aime Ruus, Elo Lutsepp, and Targo Kalamees. "Technical State, Renovation Need and Performance of Renovation Solutions of Estonian Wooden Log Houses." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 34, no. 1 (February 19, 2024): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.34.1.35606.
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The wooden log house serves as a prevalent architectural archetype in rural regions of several Nordic and Baltic countries. To ensure the long-lasting nature of these buildings, proper maintenance is imperative. However, in order to meet the evolving expectations of residents and minimize the environmental impact, a deep renovation is currently required. To successfully achieve the goals of this renovation wave and effectively address the personal needs of the homeowners, it is crucial to develop systemic renovation solutions that can be offered through a digital renovation passport. Consequently, the purpose of this study is to identify common damages, renovation requirements, and evaluate current renovation practices. The findings will serve as a crucial resource for the development of a digital renovation passport. In our study, we utilize rural wooden log houses (comprising 208 houses, 4 years of data) as our research subject. The building elements that are most in need of renovation are the external walls, roofs, and foundations, which require renovation in 77%, 63%, and 63% of the buildings, respectively. The primary cause of damage to the vulnerable structures is excessive moisture. Additionally, decay in the foundation can be attributed to factors such as erosion of mortar, frost, insufficient plinth height, inadequate foundation depth, and inadequate moisture protection. Recommendations provided by consultants primarily focus on restoring and preserving the dwellings' original architectural appearance. As a result, they are deemed insufficient in terms of improving energy performance and indoor climate. This lack of comprehensive consultation is concerning as it fails to consider the potential for cost efficiency, minimizing disruption to occupants, and achieving a comprehensive end result. The absence of recommendations for enhancing indoor climate, energy efficiency, general living quality, and reducing the building's carbon footprint performance the necessity for such renovation solutions and the importance of educating professionals and homeowners. The study's novelty lies in the establishment of statistical probabilities for damages and their causes, as well as the assessment of renovation and maintenance needs and the quality of existing recommendations. Results are scaled to the Estonian building stock, showing the renovation need on national scale. The findings can be incorporated into the digital renovation passport, along with specific renovation goals related to a given house.
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Lu, Xue Song, and Peng Zhang. "Research on Architecture Technology and its Aesthetic Features of Traditional Residential Buildings in Edong." Applied Mechanics and Materials 357-360 (August 2013): 392–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.357-360.392.
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The traditional dwelling is an important milestone in the architectural history of China and it has been proved to be adopting of natural environment. In this work, Edong of Hubei Province was selected as research area to investigate the building technology and its aesthetic characteristics of the traditional dwellings. This study has been conducted using the methodologies such as data collection, field investigation and comparative analysis. Main findings of this work are include: the construction site of the traditional dwellings is in accordance with the traditional Chinese feng-shui, which most of the houses built in mountain with facing water as well as located in north with facing south; the structure of the dwellings mainly consists of carrying beam, puncture bucket,Carrying beam and puncture bucket structure hybrid, brick-wood structure; for building materials, stone, wood and brick are the common stuffs. In general, wood pillars with stone foundation which shaped as drum, square, melon, bottle, octagonal-pier and so on. The foundation of the column is formed often related to the pattern of column: square columns are commonly based on a foundation with square top and cylindrical column uses generally a foundation with drum top. This research indicates that the aesthetics of traditional dwellings in eastern Hubei Province are mainly reflected in the natural beauty and sense of form.
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Medeubayev, Erlan. "Political, Interparty and Moral Crisis of the “War Communism” Policy in Kazakhstan 1920-1922." Oriente Moderno 96, no. 1 (August 18, 2016): 132–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22138617-12340098.
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The article deals with the implementation of the complex of political and socio-economic measures of the Soviet state, called the policy of “war communism” in the cities of the Steppes and Turkestan in 1918-1921. Based on materials gleaned from various sources, the author endeavours to explore the processes of socialization and municipalization of private houses and dwellings, the nationalization of private property, which took place in the cities of the KazASSR and tassr; highlight some of the issues related to the subject policy of “war communism” in the cities of Kazakhstan. Various restrictive decrees and orders of the Soviet power in this period, aimed at limiting commodity-money relations and the prohibition of the right to private property put people into a rigid framework of survival. Approved in the sphere of public life, the ideology of “war communism” inevitably left its mark on the life of the city. This ideology was a special sociocultural phenomenon, strengthening other social psychology and ethics which propagandized the need to destroy the old “bourgeois” culture and create a new “proletarian culture”. “War Communism” as opposed to “bourgeois individualism” principles of the socialist community, broske vital foundations of society. A characteristic feature of this period is the legitimization of violence and its use as a universal remedy of solving all problems. Under the pressure of revolutionary changes the sense of justice in society underwent considerable transformation. The right to inviolability of private property was completely ignored. The ruling regime no longer recognized the existing legal mechanisms, replacing them with the amorphous concept of “revolutionary legality.”
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Goryacheva, Elena, Irina Vlasova, and Marina Dudnik. "Creating the architectural-landscape space in the major cities as a tool of harmonious personality development in multinational townspeople." E3S Web of Conferences 371 (2023): 01059. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337101059.
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Social issues in the XXI century form a need to change people’s living conditions in the big cities considering the ecological crisis. The art of creating architectural landscape spaces in major cities is characterized by special standards of living conditions in a multinational environment. There is a focus on creating a physiologically comfortable and harmonic environment for the development of personality of everyone in such a multinational city as the capital of the Southern Federal District, Rostov-on-Don, also called “the Caucasus gates”. Such environments are the comfortable living conditions of city dwellings and architectural-landscape environment. The landscape is needed to dominate the count of city buildings. The surrounding grounds are equipped for the comfortable living and leisure activities of different age people. The carbonate composition of the atmosphere, the waste of land transport and factories are minimizing. Such conditions are part of an optimally comfortable stay. The ethnic cultural factor is significant as a component in the visualization of objects and the landscape of the city. The visual perception of the video ecological foundations of the exteriors and interiors of buildings and objects of the urban environment has the same positive effect: the decor of buildings, the characteristics of the texture and texture of surfaces, the configuration of finishing and building materials, the color scheme of this artificial environment created by human hands are of leading importance for human psychophysiology. It affects the feeling of security and calm personality development and its' creative improvement and creativity development. It is of enormous significance for the entire nation in crisis.
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Yablonska, Hanna. "ARCHITECTURAL ACTIVITY OF DMITRY YABLONSKY. ON THE OCCASION OF THE 100TH ANNIVERSARY OF HIS BIRTH." Current problems of architecture and urban planning, no. 61 (October 29, 2021): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.32347/2077-3455.2021.61.3-19.
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The article is devoted to the creativity and activities of the architect Dmitry Yablonsky (1921-2001), doctor of architecture, professor, member of the Union of Architects of Ukraine, full member of the Academy of Architecture of Ukraine. He was a well-known scientist, founder of new directions in architectural theoretical research, author of the famous book "Portals in Ukrainian architecture" in 1955, pioneer of mass industrial housing construction, researcher, organizer of scientific work at the leading institute of Ukraine for experimental design, specialist in quantitative methods of assessment. modeling and forecasting of housing objects, a public figure and, the first in independent Ukraine, who among architects began to design and build temples after 1985. The article gives an idea of the main directions of his architectural activity, namely: the study of the monuments of the Ukrainian Baroque of the Left-Bank Ukraine of the 17th – 18th centuries; participation in the design of the first experimental panel residential buildings and mass residential series for Ukraine; the development of the foundations of the typology of dwellings; application of system, mathematical methods and programming in the design of residential buildings; creation of an innovative dissertation work "Quantitative methods for solving problems of the typology of housing", 1968, participation in the development of state programs to provide the population of Ukraine with housing (1990-2000). And also, Yablonsky was the first who began to design and build new sacred buildings in the post-Soviet period in Ukraine (1986-2000). According to his project, was built the Orthodox Cathedral of St. George in the city of Makeyevka (1991-2001). The article is illustrated with materials and photos from the family archive of D.N. Yablonsky.
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Jin, Yi Bing, and Jun Wang. "Research on the Building Wisdom of Earth Dwellings in Longdong Region of Gansu Province." Applied Mechanics and Materials 209-211 (October 2012): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.209-211.65.
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When we are busy discussing how we should improve the bad physical qualities of traditional cave houses, such as humidity, poor lighting and ventilation condition, we fail to notice that a unique earth dwelling, adobe cave house, has long existed in the Longdong region of Gansu province. The type of earth dwelling is facilitated by traditional building technique such as rammed earth walls and adobe vaults, which does not only fixed the defect of humidity, bad lighting and ventilation condition, but it is also a typical green ecological building. The article takes the adobe cave house as the object of study, starting from the relation between resources and buildings, deeply probe into the underlying building wisdom. Aiming at the main existing problems, the article is dedicated to exploring new model of building vernacular earth building, with the intention to alleviate the contradiction between man, resources, environment and buildings. And after all, to provide theoretical foundation and practical guidance for building the new vernacular earth dwellings.
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BK, Satish, Allister Gall, and Sally Shahzad. "Impact of cultural behaviour on indoor comfort: Examining the air quality in Homes and exploring observational and experimental methods of representation through filmmaking." E3S Web of Conferences 396 (2023): 02035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202339602035.
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There is a limited understanding of householders’ cultural differences and their impact on spatial organisation and energy behaviour in dwellings. Indoor air quality directly impacts the health and well-being of occupants. The airborne COVID-19 epidemic has highlighted shortcomings of controlled ventilation systems in recent reports (PHE, Dec 2020). While efficiency interventions can make homes more affordable to heat, they can exacerbate conditions such as asthma, due to reduced indoor air quality and ventilation. Preliminary research conducted in Plymouth by the applicant indicates that British Asians use their homes differently compared to native British in terms of spatial organisation, cooking habits (on average, they spend five times more time cooking the daily meal) and ventilation strategies, all of which have an impact on indoor air quality. This project sets out to establish the impact of culturally informed choices on indoor air quality and the extent to which the norms that guide the design of energy-efficient homes ignore potentially significant cultural and behavioural differences. It will achieve this by focusing on the impact of energy behaviour and choices related to cooking on the indoor air quality of British-Asian households. The project aims to quantify temperature, humidity and air quality by data collected by a pilot study in Plymouth, UK. We will engage the community in a participatory methodology using correlational research and survey questionnaires and IAQ Data Loggers to evidence anomalies from the design norms currently used in the UK. In addition to traditional data analysis, our methodology includes artistic research, utilising observational and sensory ethnographic filmmaking techniques, to support, document, and evidence the impact of cooking in the home. We aim to explore how the intersection between these two methods can reveal and communicate new perspectives. The main outcome is to evaluate the impact of cultural behaviour on the air quality of super-insulated British-Asian homes through an interdisciplinary methodology. This project lays foundations for larger-scale research working with diverse ethnic minority communities to promote engagement in a low-carbon society.
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Voitiuk, O. P., and B. A. Pryshchepa. "RESEARCH OF THE SETTLEMENT OF PRAGUE-KORCHAK CULTURE IN RIVNE CITY." Archaeology and Early History of Ukraine 40, no. 3 (November 3, 2021): 122–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.37445/adiu.2021.03.06.
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The paper introduces into scientific circulation the results of research of the objects of Early Slavs of the Prague-Korchak culture in a multi-layered settlement in the southern part of Rivne city. The settlement is located on the eastern shore of the Basiv Kut Reservoir, on the oval hill measuring 220 Ч 120 m. The first finds of the Early Middle Ages were discovered here by V. K. Piasetskyi in 1989. In 2019, the excavations were carried out on the area of 590 m2; the housing and storage pit of the Prague-Korchak culture have been discovered. The quadrangular foundation pit of 3.5 Ч 3.5 m square was sunk into the earth to the 0.3—0.4 m from detection level. The remains of stone stove made on the wooden frame were located in the northern corner of the dwelling. Such semi-dugout dwellings with the stove in one of corners was the main type of residential buildings in the population of the Prague-Korchak culture. The pillar holes found in the corners of the foundation pit and in the middle of the walls indicate the frame-pillar construction of the wooden walls. Among the stones from the destroyed stove and on the earthen floor in the central part of the foundation pit of the dwelling the remains of nine clay pots were found. We managed to reconstruct the full profiles of seven of them; two else vessels are represented by the profiles of the upper parts. The pots from the dwelling have a conical body, weakly marked shoulder, scarcely marked neck and short rim. The surface of the item is insufficiently smoothed and bumpy. The admixtures in the clay are mostly of small and medium size, with added fireclay, grus and sand. By their size the vessels are divided into small (1), medium (5) and large (3). All pots from the dwelling belong to variants 1—3 of the first type according to I. P. Rusanova’s classification. This combination is typical of the early monuments of the Prague-Korchak culture. The analysis allows attributing the ceramic complex from Rivne to phaze 1 according to I. O. Havritukhin and to date it as belonging to the second half of 5th — mid-6th centuries. The settlement was not large; two or three farmsteads could simultaneously exist there. They were located at a distance of 100—150 m from each other.
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Beatty, Norman L., Zoe S. White, Chanakya R. Bhosale, Kristen Wilson, Anthony P. Cannella, Tanise Stenn, Nathan Burkett-Cadena, and Samantha M. Wisely. "Anaphylactic Reactions Due to Triatoma protracta (Hemiptera, Reduviidae, Triatominae) and Invasion into a Home in Northern California, USA." Insects 12, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12111018.
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Background: Triatoma protracta is a triatomine found naturally throughout many regions of California and has been shown to invade human dwellings and bite residents. A man living in Mendocino County, California, reported developing anaphylactic reactions due to the bite of an “unusual bug”, which he had found in his home for several years. Methods: We conducted environmental, entomological, and clinical investigations to examine the risk for kissing bug invasion, presence of Trypanosoma cruzi, and concerns for Chagas disease at this human dwelling with triatomine invasion. Results: Home assessment revealed several risk factors for triatomine invasion, which includes pack rat infestation, above-ground wooden plank floor without a concrete foundation, canine living in the home, and lack of residual insecticide use. Triatomines were all identified as Triatoma protracta. Midgut molecular analysis of the collected triatomines revealed the detection of T. cruzi discrete typing unit I among one of the kissing bugs. Blood meal PCR-based analysis showed these triatomines had bitten humans, canine and unidentified snake species. The patient was tested for chronic Chagas disease utilizing rapid diagnostic testing and laboratory serological testing, and all were negative. Conclusions: Triatoma protracta is known to invade human dwellings in the western portions of the United States. This is the first report of T. cruzi-infected triatomines invading homes in Mendocino County, California. Triatoma protracta is a known vector responsible for autochthonous Chagas disease within the United States, and their bites can also trigger serious systemic allergic reactions, such as anaphylaxis.
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Song, Jingying, Shichen Zhao, and Jing Kong. "Residential Space Organization of the Inner Mongolia Earth Dwellings around the Yellow River Basin." Sustainability 15, no. 20 (October 18, 2023): 15027. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152015027.
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The living spaces within vernacular dwellings undergo continuous adjustments in response to evolving lifestyles, society, and cultural shifts. Residents, guided by their understanding, integrate newly emerging functional spaces within the framework of traditional living environments. While appearing rough and A disorganized, this spontaneous and evolving arrangement of living spaces can reflect how residents incorporate contemporary lifestyles into the framework of traditional dwelling spaces. The research focuses on the traditional earth dwellings in the Inner Mongolia section of the Yellow River basin, aiming to explore the contemporary spatial organization within these local residences. The research uses typology to classify the plans and analysis as the spatial syntax theory to organizational characteristics of residential spaces. With the assistance of the Depthmap X software, Integration and Control Value parameters are computed. Combining the calculated results with the parameters’ meaning determines the following: (1) the plan organization is related to basic functional space types; (2) the stove, used for heating in functional spaces, serves as the center of the plan organization, and the basic functional spaces are typically arranged around this center; (3) both of these space types have extremely high Control Values over directly adjacent spaces and become the core spaces for daily living and activities. Researching the characteristics of local residential space organization and concretely showcasing local residential culture can provide a foundation for future construction that respects residents’ preferences and supports the sustainable development of local residential culture.
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Kim, Na Young. "Development of the Settlement in Ulsan Areas During the Three Hans Period: Focusing on the dwelling." Yeongnam Archaeological Society 95 (January 30, 2023): 43–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.47417/yar.2023.95.43.
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After examining the settlements of the Samhan period in Ulsan from the wide-ranging area, the foundation facilities such as housing, ground-based buildings, and tombs were examined, the development phase of the housing and settlements in each period was examined. The period of settlement is largely divided into phases I to IV according to cultural changes. The I period, the cover is the stage in which Pottery with Round Clay Band Rim iand forms the Three Hans settlement of the Ulsan region. The pattern of coexistence and fusion with the existing residents' culture is confirmed by the continuous influx of immigrants to the Ulsan area. In period II, the cover is Triangular-shape Pottery with Clay Stripes, and the settlement surfaces such as residential forms and transfusions and tombs are similar to the I period, and small-scale settlements continue to be formed and settled. In period Ⅲ, the cover is early Soft Grayish Pottery and the scale of the settlements expands compared to the previous period, and changes are observed. As for the dwellings, the square-type dwellings of the previous peri- od will continue, and a new flat, circular-type dwelling equipped with a stove and ondol facilities were appear. In IV period, the cover is the late Soft Grayish Pottery, many cultural changes such as functional differentiation of the village, creation of large settlement, and creation of large tombs appear through the partially confirmed mate- rials, it is thought that the surrounding area was also affected by various cultural and economic exchanges.
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Plahotny, G., A. Varych, and О. Chub. "DEVELOPMENT OF ANTIQUE COLONY CITIES OF THE BLACK SEA IN THE HELLENISTIC PERIOD." Problems of theory and history of architecture of Ukraine, no. 20 (May 12, 2020): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.31650/2519-4208-2020-20-157-166.
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a brief description of the origins of historical and architectural education and the development of Greek colonial cities on the shores of the Black Sea (Pontus of Euxinus), who lived during the Hellenistic period. The analysis of the phenomena that influenced the formation of ancient colonial cities is carried out. This is due to the geological work of the sea changing the contours of the coast, as well as the influence of the Black Sea currents. This influenced the features of trade and economic relationsof the colonial cities. Thus the shortest sea path was routed from Tauric Chersonesos to Kallatis and Hercules, which shortened the sea route by several times due to the associated current. The presence of deep bays created favorable conditions for sailors, which attracted Greek immigrants. Architecture was an important factor of influence and a means of spreading Greek culture in policies and subordinate local areas. Urban development was similar to the construction of the Mediterranean ancient states, sculpture was widely used in the design of cities-policies, the order system of construction was used, the streets were clearly planned, the cities had a water supply and drainage system.To select the area for founding the city, following necessary factorswere taken into account: a bay convenient for the port; trade routes and deep fairways; fertile land and the availability of sources of drinking water; elevated place, taking into account defensive capabilities; the availability of building material; natural resources.The Greeks in the metropolis laid the foundation for many important branches of science. They laid the foundations of geometry, mechanics and statics, which created the basis for the development of engineering science in the construction of harbors, cities, bridges, dams and other structures.The Bosporan cities have never reached the level of large cities of Ancient Hellas in architectural decoration and urban planning; they were much smaller and poorer. Nevertheless, the local residents sought to immediately show that they were following the general Greek traditions both in religion and in the arrangement of cities.In the construction of public and residential buildings, wall or post-beam systems were used. For the construction of buildings, immigrants used local building material: clay, raw brick and stone-shell rock. Burnt brick was used mainly for decorating the building. For the construction of galleries and porticoes, wooden structures were widely used. The main decoration of the buildings was considered the classic Doric order. The ceiling was formed with the help of crossbeams -architraves supported by columns. At the end of the architraves, other beams were laid, at the ends of which triglyphs could be formed, at the top of which another crossbar was placed.Roofs were usually gable, sometimes pent. The supporting elements were the beams on which the ridge beam and the supporting rafters rested. For roofing, marble or ceramic tiles were used.Urban development was similar to the construction of the Mediterranean ancient states, sculpture was widely used in the design of cities-policies, the order system of construction was used, the streets were clearly planned, the cities had a water supply and drainage system. The cities were surrounded by ramparts of raw brick or natural stone with battle towers and fortified gates.City temples (dwellings of the gods) were located on the heights of the city or in its central part. They were built on a three-stage stone platform, the front door was high double-winged, always strictly oriented to the east. Architecture was an important factor of influence and a means of spreading Greek culture in policies and in subordinate local areas.Keywords: Pont Evksinsky, city-polis, architectural structures, antique construction.
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Fedoruk, A. S., D. V. Papin, and O. A. Fedoruk. "MIDDLE AND LATE BRONZE AGE HOUSE-BUILDING IN THE STEPPE AND FOREST-STEPPE ALTAI." Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 46, no. 3 (September 21, 2018): 75–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.17746/1563-0110.2018.46.3.075-082.
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This article integrates information on the house-building practices of people represented by cultures such as Andronovo, Cherkaskul, Sargary-Alekseyevka, Irmen, Korchazhka, and Burla. A graphic reconstruction of dwellings is attempted, and a prototypical model of the house is described with regard to the Middle and Late Bronze Age steppe and forest steppe Altai. It is a rectangular or nearly square single or two-chamber timber-frame-pillar structure, with a corridor-type exit extending beyond the foundation pit. Diachronic and cultural variations of this prototype are listed. Andronovo dwellings were robust or light, large or medium-large, based on the frame-and-pillar design with a fl at, ridge or truncated-pyramidal roof. Late Bronze Age dwellings are represented by a light Cherkaskul house with a gable roof at Kalinovka II. The Burla dwellings are either semi-underground framepillar or robust variously sized houses with conical or truncated-pyramidal roofs. Numerous Sargary-Alekseyevka dwellings are large or medium-sized, robust semi-underground with pillar frames and truncated-pyramidal roofs. The Irmen dwellings are similar to them. The Korchazhka dwellings are few, and their design is diffi cult to reconstruct.
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Nesterov, S. P. "Russian-Korean Archaeological Research in the Amur Region in Early 21st Century." Archaeology and Ethnography 18, no. 5 (2019): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2019-18-5-21-35.
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Purpose. At the beginning of the 21st century, Russian-Korean archaeological expeditions studied two Neolithic sites (Novopetrovka-III, Gromatukha), settlements from the Early Iron Age to the Early Middle Ages (Ozero Dolgoe), and Early Medieval objects (Troitsky cemetery, Osinovoe Ozero) in the Amur Region. In addition to the excavations, the staff of the Institute of Archeology and Ethnography, the Jeju-do Culture and Art Foundation and the State Research Institute for Cultural Heritage of the Republic of Korea worked on the materials and published articles and four monographs. The main purpose of the joint work was to compare the materials of the Initial and Early Neolithic in the Western Amur Region and the Republic of Korea, and those of the time of the Mohe-Bohai colonization on this territory during the Early Middle Ages. Results. It has been established that Novopetrovka III is dated 8610–9240 years ago. On Gromatukha, finds from layer 3 belong to 16260–8010, from layer 2 to 12820–6740, from layer 1, including the dwelling of the Osinoozerskaya culture, to 4080–3680 years ago. The earliest stage of settling terraces on the shore of Lake Dolgoe is marked with artifacts of the Novopetrovskaya culture. The Early Iron Age is associated with the Urilskaya culture; the dwellings belong to the Talakanskaya (no. 31) and Mikhailovskaya cultures (No. 32). The funeral inventory from the graves of the Troitsky cemetery, which was excavated in 2007 and belongs to the last quarter of the 8th – first half of the 9th century, was deliberately damaged. Observations on the burned wooden structures in the graves showed that they were burned immediately after they were placed in the graves, but before the bones and belongings were buried. The peculiarity of the material from dwelling 2 (9th century) at Osinovoe Ozero is the presence of the Troitsky type ceramics, where fragments of easel and pottery utensils had been made on a pottery wheel. A similar combination of ceramic tableware in the dwellings of the Troitskaya group of Mohe was found in the Amur region for the first time. Conclusion. The international Russian-Korean research in the Amur region has led to the intensification of excavation work. It increased the interest of foreign colleagues to the issues of the settlement and ethnocultural history of the population of Eastern Asia in the Early Neolithic and Early Middle Ages in all the regions including the Amur region.
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Liu, Ying, and Luke Zoontjens. "A study on the ground loss and foundation coupling loss for railway vibration prediction in greater Perth area of Western Australia." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 154, no. 4_supplement (October 1, 2023): A74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/10.0022846.
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Railway noise and vibration have emerged as significant concerns affecting the well-being of residents living in proximity to railway tracks and the structural integrity of nearby infrastructure. As such, accurate and reliable predictions of railway vibration levels are necessary in order to properly assess the risks and develop effective mitigations. The propagation of railway vibration from the source to the receiving point involves a complex process, wherein ground loss and foundation coupling loss play crucial roles. Therefore, comprehensive capture of these factors is necessary for improving the accuracy of railway vibration prediction. This paper presents a study focused on the measurements of ground damping loss and foundation coupling loss in great Perth area of Western Australia. The measurements have been undertaken in generally sandy soil conditions. The foundation coupling loss was primarily measured at single-storey residential dwellings. The collected field data were subsequently analyzed to identify the characteristics of ground loss and foundation coupling loss. The study revealed that ground loss and foundation coupling loss exhibited variability dependent on the specific location, ground conditions, and structural characteristics of the dwellings. These measured results can serve as input for modeling efforts, thereby enabling more accurate prediction of railway vibration levels. Furthermore, the study provides valuable insights into the characterization of vibration propagation in sandy soils.
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Hansen, R. N., E. Hoxha, C. E. Andersen, F. N. Rasmussen, M. W. Ryberg, and H. Birgisdottir. "Readjusting the climate change hyperfocus: how expanding the scope of impact categories will affect the evaluation of wood buildings." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2600, no. 15 (November 1, 2023): 152023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2600/15/152023.
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Abstract The sole focus on reducing the climate impact of dwellings by using wood is neglecting other impacts on nature. Therefore, this study clarifies the potential burden shift by considering ten more impact categories than greenhouse gas emissions. It assesses four wood buildings and one reference concrete building by using the method of life cycle assessment. What stands out is that wood dwellings perform better than the concrete building in most impact categories except for abiotic depletion potential and ozone layer depletion potential (ODP). The latter also experiences an impact increase when wood is used to decrease climate impact as global warming potential (GWP). The wood dwellings have a general inverse correlation between GWP ranking and ODP and some resource use indicators where plastics and cement-based materials influence the latter. Bio-based materials’ contribution to acidification and eutrophication is more considerable than to GWP. Upon the findings, increased inclusion of impact categories among researchers and practitioners must follow to expand the knowledge base. A foundation for future conscious decisions of using wood in dwellings and the challenging debate of reaching consent of which other impact categories should attain focus for being improved.
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Czartoryska, Barbara. "Siedziby Czartoryskich na ziemiach wschodnich dawnej Rzeczypospolitej – refleksje subiektywne." Prace Historyczne 150, no. 1 (September 30, 2023): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4467/20844069ph.23.003.17940.
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Dwellings of the Czartoryski lineage on the eastern frontier of Poland – a subjective take Until the beginning of the 19th century the Czartoryski family felt at home on the eastern frontier of Poland. This is where their influence was originated and developed; this is where they built their dwellings, castles, Roman and Greek Catholic churches, Orthodox churches and funded schools. Finally, this is where the foundation for the family’s economic power came from. The article is a subjective take on the historical role played by the dwellings of the Czartoryski lineage – Czartorysk, Klewań, Korzec, Czernelica, Międzyboż – as well as the material remains and remnants present in the 21st century in the memory of the local residents. The story, expanded to include the turn of the 20th century, recalls the social activity of Jerzy Czartoryski in the eastern Galicia, as well as the Czartoryski Kazimirs, in the period of the Second Polish Republic in Żurawno and the alabaster manufacture also set up during this period.
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Vukotic, Perko, Nevenka Antovic, Ranko Zekic, Andrija Djurovic, Tomislav Andjelic, Nikola Svrkota, Radivoje Mrdak, and Aleksandar Dlabac. "Influence of climate, building and residential factors on radon levels in ground-floor dwellings in Montenegro." Nuclear Technology and Radiation Protection 36, no. 1 (2021): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ntrp201225012v.
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After year-long measurements with CR-39 detectors, nationwide radon survey was performed in 953 homes ? 0.5 % of all permanently inhabited dwellings in Montenegro. Influence of 11 factors (area, climate, type of house, year of construction, basement, foundation slab, number of stories, building materials, window frames, heating, and smoking) and 35 their 35 categories on the radon concentrations in 732 ground-floor dwellings was analyzed using descriptive, univariate and multivariate methods. Univariate analysis dropped influence of the two factors: heating and smoking. It reveals that, on average, radon concentrations in ground-floor dwellings differ at 95 % confidence level in urban and rural areas, in family houses and apartment buildings, in houses with and without basement, and in dwellings with window frames made of wood and PVC/Al. In Cf climate zone they differ from those in Cs and Df zones. Only two pairs of construction periods differ in mean radon concentrations in dwellings: 1980-1999 with 1900-1944, and with 1964-1979. Houses with one, two or three stories have almost equal average radon levels, which are higher than in buildings with more than three stories. Mean value of radon concentrations in houses made of stone are higher than in houses made of concrete, or bricks, or wood. Multivariate analysis revealed that six of the analyzed factors: area, climate, type of house, presence of basement, number of stories, and building materials simultaneously have significant relationships (p < 0.05) with radon concentrations in dwellings on ground floor in Montenegro.
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Gerards, Sebastiaan, Roel De Ridder, and Sylvain De Bleeckere. "Designing Multigenerational Dwelling: A Workshop with Four Flemish Architecture Firms." International Journal of Architectural Research: ArchNet-IJAR 9, no. 2 (July 13, 2015): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26687/archnet-ijar.v9i2.658.
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Due to social shifts, demographic changes and spatial challenges, housing is at the top of the social agenda in Flanders. Recently, communal housing concepts are put forward to strive against these general developments. This paper presents research on multigenerational dwelling, as one possible renewed communal housing concept for Flanders. The authors develop a working definition for multigenerational dwelling, which lays the foundation for the main part of the paper: the translation of a theoretical framework into an architectural design. Methodologically the authors use design to experiment with this new housing concept in a specific, but realistic setting. More specifically, they organize a workshop with four Flemish architecture firms to investigate different modes of sharing space within a multigenerational dwelling. Furthermore they formulate key considerations for further research and the implementation of this renewed way of dwelling in Flanders.
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Gullbrekken, Lars, and Berit Time. "Towards upgrading strategies for nZEB-dwellings in Norway." Journal of Sustainable Architecture and Civil Engineering 25, no. 2 (July 9, 2019): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.sace.25.2.22067.
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Recent work suggests that upgrading in line with the Norwegian building regulations or by upgradingto the requirements of the national passive house norm, NS3700, can enable nZEB level to be achieved.The aim of this work is to explore the typical Norwegian housing typologies and some importantcharacteristics of the building envelope for these houses from different decades. The exploration involvedsurveying the typical technical qualities of Norwegian housing and how these have evolved – providingan important foundation to work addressing strategies and methods for upgrading dwellings to nZEBlevel in the next phases of the ongoing research project. The results of this work show that the buildingnorms and practices developed throughout the years have made dwellings more moisture resilient, withan increased drying-out potential through mechanical ventilation, control of the air change rate and theuse of more vapour-open wind barriers in the building envelope. Based on this, the work to follow willsuggest strategies for upgrading to nZEB level, solutions for upgrading building envelope componentsto high performance level and a methodology for risk reduction of moisture problems in the upgradeddwellings from the different decades.
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Hodges, Richard. "A ‘god-guarded’ city? The ‘new’ medieval town of Butrint." Byzantine and Modern Greek Studies 39, no. 2 (2015): 191–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307013100015342.
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This essay describes the archaeology of the revival in the later tenth- to eleventh-century of the town of Butrint, ancient Buthrotum in south-west Albania. Based on the extensive excavations by the Butrint Foundation, all the elements (fortifications, town-planning, roads, property boundaries, dwellings, churches, wells) of a new urban centre are considered, as is its economy and its wider historical context in the southern Adriatic Sea.
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Howard, David Brian. "Homes for Canadians (I)." American, British and Canadian Studies 36, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 187–216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2021-0011.
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Abstract According to Giorgio Agamben, the Greek term for ‘habitual dwelling place,’ or ‘habit,’ is ethos. The rise to prominence in the twentieth century of the modern idea of the suburb, or ‘suburbia,’ held open the door to the potential realization of the American (and Canadian) dream ethos of universal home ownership. The tantalizing appeal of a the ideal of ‘home’ and ‘homeland’ have become key terms in the Post World War Two pursuit of a mode of ‘dwelling’ linked to consumer capitalism. Yet for Frankfurt School critics such as Theodor W. Adorno, the pursuit of this suburban ideal induced a deep sense of ennui such that to feel ‘at home’ in such a suburban environment challenged the very foundations of the dwelling place of Western civilization. “It is part of morality,” Adorno concluded in his book, Minima Moralia, “not to be at home in one’s home.” This text is an exercise in examining this question of “dwelling” and “home” through an allegorical poetical focus (drawn from Walter Benjamin and Charles Baudelaire) focusing on a newly completed suburb in the Canadian city of Halifax, Nova Scotia.
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HOWARD, DAVID BRIAN. "Homes for Canadians (II)." American, British and Canadian Studies 37, no. 1 (December 1, 2021): 123–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abcsj-2021-0021.
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Abstract According to Giorgio Agamben, the Greek term for ‘habitual dwelling place,’ or ‘habit,’ is ethos. The rise to prominence in the twentieth century of the modern idea of the suburb, or ‘suburbia,’ held open the door to the potential realization of the American (and Canadian) dream ethos of universal home ownership. The tantalizing appeal of a the ideal of ‘home’ and ‘homeland’ have become key terms in the Post World War Two pursuit of a mode of ‘dwelling’ linked to consumer capitalism. Yet for Frankfurt School critics such as Theodor W. Adorno, the pursuit of this suburban ideal induced a deep sense of ennui such that to feel ‘at home’ in such a suburban environment challenged the very foundations of the dwelling place of Western civilization. “It is part of morality,” Adorno concluded in his book, Minima Moralia, “not to be at home in one’s home.” This text is an exercise in examining this question of ‘dwelling’ and ‘home’ through an allegorical poetical focus (drawn from Walter Benjamin and Charles Baudelaire) focusing on a newly completed suburb in the Canadian city of Halifax, Nova Scotia.
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Li, Yuan, and Wen Chao Wu. "Energy-Efficient Land-Saving and Low-Carbon Art of Dwelling Environment - Research from the Underneath Type Earth Cave Dwelling in Bai She Village, San Yuan County of Shaanxi Province." Advanced Materials Research 224 (April 2011): 79–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.224.79.
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The purpose of this paper is that energy-efficient and land-saving buildings should be designed and constructed using low-tech approaches according to local regional properties, which is the foundation of the art of dwelling environment. The experiment consisted of three steps, which are described in: first and foremost, this paper submits that the climate crisis of global warming has become a problem and disaster faced by people all over the world. As every individual plays a part in leading to the outbreak of the disaster, our human beings should adjust our life style and structure to minimize our energy consumption. In the next place, this paper analyzes these reasons of the underneath type earth cave dwelling belonging to the type of building format, which possess the advantages of resource friendly and zero carbon emission. Finally, this paper takes the example of the underneath type earth cave dwelling in Bai She Village, San Yuan County of Shaanxi Province as a research case. In conclusion, this paper explains the art of dwelling environment in the format of underneath type earth cave dwelling after renovation and improvements in terms of technology and architectural esthetics.
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Doyle, Patrick J., Malcolm R. McNeil, Karen Le, William D. Hula, and Mary Beth Ventura. "Measuring communicative functioning in community‐dwelling stroke survivors: Conceptual foundation and item development." Aphasiology 22, no. 7-8 (July 2008): 718–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02687030701803093.
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Tyurkan (Belichenko), Elena. "Holistic Linguistics: Anthropocentric Foundations and the Functional-Cognitive Paradigm." Prague Journal of English Studies 4, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 125–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pjes-2015-0008.
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AbstractThis paper dwells on some aspects of language, grammar in particular, through the prism of the functional-cognitive approach. It covers such issues as language and mind, the embodiment of language, the peculiarities of language acquisition, and the metaphoric nature of the human mind. The functional-cognitive approach is regarded as part of a holistic anthropocentric paradigm where language is conceived of as a natural biological phenomenon connected with the adaptive functions of a human being as a holistic living organism. A new paradigm gives rise to new epistemologies and generates new forms of scientific collaboration. Thus, neurosciences, quantum physics, and biology become involved in processing language data, influencing the direction and goals of linguistic research. As suggested by the author of this paper, changes in language can be viewed with regard to quantum effects observed in the macroworld, or an autopoietic reconstruction of the language system. Dwelling on the ideas of cognitive typology, the paper also makes an attempt to elucidate some reasons for the appearance of new structural features in language which influence the reconstruction of its grammatical interface in the first place. Such processes are viewed as the reflection of global shifts in the linguistic world image of language bearers under the influence of the outer world/extralinguistic factors, and as connected with encoding by language of the changes in socio-discursive parameters of the intercourse. Finally, some perspectives of grammar analysis are outlined
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Tomás, Miguel, and Saíd Jalali. "Piezoresistivity in Micro Carbon Fiber Silicone Composites for Electrical Resistance to Strain Sensing." Advanced Engineering Forum 23 (July 2017): 45–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.23.45.
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In order to develop a cost-effective carbon fiber reinforced polymer sensor for compressive strain monitoring, a study was carried out to assess electrical and piezoelectric properties of samples containing five different carbon fiber weight percentages. Testing focused on sensing ability throughout measurement of resistivity: (1) when submitted to uniaxial variable compressive strain; (2) to time prolonged relaxation at constant strain; (3) and influence of environment temperature on measurements. Results enabled the possibility of usage for live monitoring of samples by determining sensitivity values of each sample being tested. Electrical resistance measurements assessment test results, show real time resistivity change in respect to experienced strain. Further piezoelectric properties where determined. An exponential decay function was found in fractional resistance in respect to relaxation due to constant strain testing. The total amount of time needed for measurements to present an error less than 1% at the probes was determined and found to vary up to seven days. Strain reversibility of resistivity measurements varied according weight percentages of carbon fibers used in composite sample being tested. Samples were tested in situ for monitoring of displacement on foundations of a dwelling to be built, placed on foundation’s soil. The main objective here was to assess practical questions such as handling and how measurements could be made safely. Results demonstrated successful monitoring during construction phase with easy deployment on site, sensing each construction phase loading.
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Juan, Xu, and Jia Ping Liu. "The Regeneration and Sustainability Development Study on Traditional Residential Building in Qinba Mountain Regions." Advanced Materials Research 224 (April 2011): 89–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.224.89.
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Traditional residential building in mountain regions of many cultures and buildings patterns due to a variety of changes in environmental and human factors facing the threat of damage or even destroy dam, protection of existing vernacular areas and maintain development momentum imminent. We should utilize the advantage of traditional vernacular building which can adapt the local ecosystem, so we can build more distinctive and favorable dwellings in our village. In this paper, the chosen base of Daping Village is located in the Qinba Mountain in China. Introducing the cultural characteristics of local residential, and related on how to make use of modern technology and theory to maintain the sustainability of the architecture of mountainous, at the same time can meet the needs of modern life and to provide technical feasibility of new residential. Finally, put forward a number of green residential design principles, so as to the foundation of inherit and improve the traditional dwellings with regional ecological techniques in view of site choice, site layout, interior and exterior environment design, indoor setup, material use and construction technology.
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Dlamini, Simangele, Solomon G. Tesfamichael, Yegnanew Shiferaw, and Tholang Mokhele. "Determinants of Environmental Perceptions and Attitudes in a Socio-Demographically Diverse Urban Setup: The Case of Gauteng Province, South Africa." Sustainability 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2020): 3613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12093613.
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In environment-nature discourse, determinants of environmental perceptions and attitudes vary significantly making it difficult to draw generalisations on their significance for particular locales. In this paper, we explore the key socio-demographic factors affecting environmental perceptions and attitudes for a socio-economically diverse area of Gauteng province, South Africa, using a generalised ordered logit model (gologit) approach. Personal level variables like gender, education level, employment status, age, population group, migration status and external variables such as dwelling type and electricity availability, obtained through a questionnaire, were assessed as determinants of environmental perceptions and attitudes. Statistical results indicated that dwelling type, gender, education level, place of birth and employment status were strong determinants of environmental attitudes. Population group (Coloured and White), dwelling type, electricity availability, employment status and education level (from primary only up to matric) were found to be significant predictors of environmental perceptions. Education level, dwelling type and employment status were therefore the common explanatory variables from the analysis, giving prominence to material values that people attach to environmental attitudes and perceptions. Age had no influence on both environmental perceptions and attitudes. The results from this article can provide a foundation for segmentation of anthropocentric factors for environmental planning and strategy formulation within the province.
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Tutek, Hrvoje. "Dwelling in the Apocalypse: Capitalist Modernity, Antimodernism, Zombies." Journal of French and Francophone Philosophy 25, no. 1 (September 15, 2017): 27–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/jffp.2017.812.
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The Heideggerian question posed here as “what does it mean to dwell in a global age” leaves open, invites even, the possibility of committing two conceptual mistakes from which, depending on the theoretical universe we inhabit, two separate sets of problems arise. On the one hand, if the adverbial “in a global age” is taken to denote a radical historical caesura between “our age” and the age in which the concept was first deployed, one has to prove that the caesura is indeed not only historically operative but legitimate on an ontological level. This would, however, be a futile attempt: there hardly exists an essential, qualitative difference between the ontological regime of “our global age” and the one sketched in Heidegger's 1954 essay “Building Dwelling Thinking.” We have not been blessed by any epochal turns, despite important switches – to move for a second to a different register—in regimes of accumulation. Thus, it may be concluded, the ontological question about the state of “dwelling in a precarious age” has already been posed and answered by Heidegger himself—from an ontological perspective, he is our contemporary. And of course, to such question there can in fact be only one answer: it is the same “metaphysics” that has precluded the possibility of “dwelling” (initiated a “denial of dwelling” as it is put here) throughout modernity that gave rise to our age as global. But then to avoid the mistake sketched out above and the repetition of an already accomplished analysis, the question as it is posed for us here (“what does it mean to dwell in a global age”) should be taken as a politicization of the original concept, foreign to a puritanically ontological Heideggerian diagnostics, although building on its foundations: what is to be done historically at this moment to enter “dwelling”?
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Fukada, Makoto. "A Traditional Japanese House with a Jointed Wooden Frame and Tsuchikabe Walls: the Kamogawa House in Chiba." Journal of Traditional Building, Architecture and Urbanism, no. 2 (November 10, 2021): 38–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.51303/jtbau.vi2.501.
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The story behind the house built by Seyseysha in Kamogawa (Chiba) began with a couple who wanted a home where their children could grow up freely in nature. So Makoto Fukada and the Seyseysha team set to work using age-old construction methods to craft a dwelling for them in the lush outskirts of Kamogawa. These traditional techniques rest on a solid, centuries-old foundation. Builders of yore, always mindful of Japan’s climate, topography, and regional specificities, developed methods for creating homes that would be sturdy, long-lasting, and at ease in their surroundings. The resulting structures, layouts, and designs of traditional Japanese houses adopt forms attuned to what nature offers, and the Kamogawa House is no exception. With its formal integrity, the dwelling evokes the spirit of a bygone age when people and nature partook in a symbiotic harmony.
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Li, Anfei, and Shuling Wu. "Qiao borrow "shape" potential —— Building renovation design based on traditional dwellings in northern Guangxi." Advances in Engineering Technology Research 8, no. 1 (December 8, 2023): 728. http://dx.doi.org/10.56028/aetr.8.1.728.2023.
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The northern Guangxi region has beautiful scenery, and its special landform type and the cultural characteristics of multi-ethnic settlement give birth to the traditional architectural culture with distinct regional characteristics. The traditional dry dwellings in northern Guangxi take advantage of the landscape through the wooden pillars, so that the building is no longer restricted by the foundation of the house, and forms settlements between the complex landscape. Through the analysis of the structure vocabulary, the relationship between the building monomer and the mountain and the layout of the building settlement, this paper explores the out the path of integrating the abstract landscape environment view into the concrete architectural design, in order to enlighten the modern activation of the traditional residential buildings in northern Guangxi.
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Jacko, Virginia A., Carol Brady-Simmons, Nihusa Dias, Raquel Van Der Biest, Alma Abdel-Moty, and Lynne Richard. "Bringing low-vision assessments and interventions to underserved seniors affected by age-related eye disease." British Journal of Visual Impairment 38, no. 1 (December 4, 2019): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0264619619890899.
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General knowledge of eye health and low-vision services is poorly understood by the public, particularly those in underserved and minority communities. A program, funded by the Florida Blue Foundation with leveraged funding from the Peacock Foundation, Inc. and the James Deering Charitable Trust primarily for functional assessment and intervention services, was implemented by the Miami Lighthouse for the Blind and Visually Impaired (MLB) over a 3-year period (2016, 2017, and 2018) with three goals: (1) educate community-dwelling seniors about low vision; (2) provide assessment and intervention services to identified seniors living with low vision; and (3) educate healthcare professionals about best practices in serving this population. In this program, community sites serving seniors were identified and educational and screening programs implemented by a low-vision-certified occupational therapist. Seniors with an identified need received low-vision intervention. Pre- and post-program evaluation determined outcomes of educational and interventional services with the seniors. Professional education workshops were implemented annually and evaluated professional learning from low-vision services. This program served 1552 community-dwelling seniors who attended educational sessions on vision health. Participants averaged 76 years and were primarily identified as Hispanic (64%). The Low Vision Independence Measure and the Visual Function Index were used to measure functional performance outcomes. All scores indicated improved performance of functional tasks following the interventions. Three years of annual “Engaging the Low Vision Community Through Education, Research, and Service” workshops (attended by 108 healthcare professionals and students) demonstrated an interest in and improved knowledge of low vision among healthcare professionals and students. The MLB community-based program demonstrated success in increasing knowledge among community-dwelling seniors and healthcare professionals about low vision and the provision of effective low-vision services.
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Salihovna Khoshanlo, Amina. "Theoretical foundations of a generally accepted business management system in the construction industry." E3S Web of Conferences 533 (2024): 04007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202453304007.
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The article discusses the basics of a generally accepted business management system in the construction industry. Business is an integral part of any country’s economy, being its foundation, and successful business requires deep understanding of its system. Needless to say, business systems differ from country to country especially if there is construction planning in the company's projects, and have their own productivity; the present article deals with the generally accepted system with construction elements, dwelling upon such concepts as generally accepted rules of document flow; business principles; transactions; construction design, construction scheduling and execution of site plans; time management; increasing productivity and efficiency of finished products; raising the quality of products; expanding the customer base; improving software technologies; creating new programs tailored to the company’s specifics; increasing profits and minimizing costs; hiring qualified personnel; reducing unforeseen expenses and risks of bankruptcy; computerizing documentation; eliminating failures of software technologies; creating good advertising for the company; monitoring the work of the media, monitoring correct execution of commands among employees and enterprises that provide services and raw materials for production; finding raw materials at the lowest price, even better at cost; managing labor distribution to reduce time and duplication of labor duties; creating innovation centers in the enterprise.
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Book, Stephanie, Gudrun Ulbrecht, Johanna Tomandl, Thomas Kuehlein, Susann Gotthardt, Ellen Freiberger, and Elmar Graessel. "Laying the foundation for an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health Core Set for community-dwelling elderly adults in primary care: the clinical perspective identified in a cross-sectional study." BMJ Open 10, no. 11 (November 2020): e038434. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038434.
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ObjectivesHaving more information about the biopsychosocial functioning of their geriatric patients might help physicians better balance medical interventions according to patients’ needs. For this reason, we aimed to develop an easy-to-handle International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for community-dwelling geriatric patients aged 75 and older in primary care. In this empirical study, we describe the functioning and health of community-dwelling patients aged 75 and older in primary care in Germany and identify the most common problems encountered by these individuals when using the ICF.DesignIn this exploratory, cross-sectional study, a health professional conducted semi-structured interviews.SettingCommunity-dwelling older adults aged 75 and older in Germany.Participants65 participants (mean age=80.2, SD=3.6).Outcome measuresExtended ICF Checklist V.2.1a, patients prioritised chapters of the ‘activities and participation’ component.ResultsThe three most common impairments for ‘body functions’ were visual system functions (ICF-code b210; 89%), blood pressure functions (b420; 80%) and sensations associated with hearing and vestibular functions (b240; 59%). For ‘body structures’, they were eyes, ears and related structures (s2; 81%), structure of mouth (s320; 74%) and structures related to the digestive, metabolic and endocrine systems (s5; 49%). For the ‘activities and participation’ component, adequate aids compensated for activity limitations to a certain degree. Still, after having adequate aids, the category in which the participants had the most difficulty was walking (d450; 35%). Participants rated the ‘mobility’ chapter as the most important of all chapters. ‘Environmental factors’ were facilitators of participants’ functioning.ConclusionsThis empirical study provides a list of ICF categories relevant to older adults from the clinical perspective. Along with lists from the other three preparatory studies, it will form the basis for the development of an ICF Core Set for community-dwelling older adults in primary care.Trial registration detailsThe trial is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03384732).
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Rixon, Gordon A. "Dwelling on the Way: Pope Francis and Bernard Lonergan on Discernment." Irish Theological Quarterly 84, no. 3 (May 22, 2019): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021140019849423.
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This essay draws on the Jesuit philosopher and theologian Bernard Lonergan to elucidate the way of discernment described in the writings of Pope Francis. After a reflection on the ‘First Principle and Foundation’ meditation of the Ignatian spiritual exercises highlights the Jesuit heritage shared by Francis and Lonergan, the way of discernment is located within Lonergan’s account of a contemporary cosmology. A discussion of Lonergan’s notions of affectivity, value, and deliberative judgment then illumines the challenge of practicing discernment in the context of cultural diversity. Finally, a brief review of the contributions of Patrick Byrne and Robert Doran clarifies the historical unfolding of the way of discernment.
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Wojtowicz, Todd, Zacchaeus G. Compson, Louis J. Lamit, Thomas G. Whitham, and Catherine A. Gehring. "Plant genetic identity of foundation tree species and their hybrids affects a litter-dwelling generalist predator." Oecologia 176, no. 3 (September 11, 2014): 799–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-014-2998-3.
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Tomandl, Johanna, Stefan Heinmüller, Melissa Selb, Elmar Graessel, Ellen Freiberger, Thomas Kühlein, Susann Hueber, Stephanie Book, and Susann Gotthardt. "Laying the foundation for a Core Set of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health for community-dwelling older adults in primary care: relevant categories of their functioning from the research perspective, a scoping review." BMJ Open 11, no. 2 (February 2021): e037333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-037333.
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ObjectivesThe objective of this study was to find relevant concepts of functioning in community-dwelling older adults within frequently used assessment instruments published in the scientific literature. This was part of a larger project to develop an International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) Core Set for use in primary care.DesignA scoping review was conducted. Articles dealing with functioning in older adults were searched and assessed for eligibility. The study population included community-dwelling adults (≥75 years) without dementia, living in high-resource countries. Relevant concepts were extracted from assessment instruments and linked to the ICF using standardised linking rules. Finally, a frequency analysis was conducted.SettingHome, primary care.ParticipantsCommunity-dwelling adults aged 75 years and above.ResultsFrom 5060 identified publications, 68 were included and 30 assessment instruments extracted. Overall, 1182 concepts were retrieved. Most were linked to the ‘activities and participation’ component. The most frequently identified categories were ‘memory functions’, ‘dressing’ and ‘changing basic body position’.ConclusionsThis review provides a list of relevant ICF categories from the research perspective that will be used for developing an ICF Core Set for older primary care patients.Trial registration numbersPROSPERO (CRD42017067784), Versorgungsforschung Deutschland Datenbank (VfD_17_003833) and ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT03384732).