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Journal articles on the topic 'Duzce earthquake'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 March 2023

Last updated: 30 July 2024

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1

Yuce, G., and D. Ugurluoglu. "Technical NoteEarthquake dates and water level changes in wells in the Eskisehir region, Turkey." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 7, no. 5 (October 31, 2003): 777–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-7-777-2003.

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Abstract. Although satisfactory results have yet to be obtained in earthquake prediction, one of the most common indicators of an anomalous precursor is a change in groundwater level in existing wells. Further wells should thus be drilled in unconfined aquifers since these are more susceptible to seismic waves. The Eskisehir region lies in the transition zone between the Aegean extensional domain and the compressible northern Anatolian block. Limnigraphs, installed in 19 exploration wells in the Eskisehir region, recorded pre-seismic, co-seismic and post-seismic level changes during the earthquakes of 17 August Izmit (Mw= 7.4) and 12 November Duzce (Mw= 7.2) 1999 that occurred along the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The Izmit and Duzce earthquakes affected groundwater levels, especially in confined aquifers. The aquifer characteristics before and after the earthquakes were unchanged so the aquifer is elastic in its behaviour. Further detailed geo-mechanical investigation of the confined aquifer in the Eskisehir region may improve understanding of earthquake prediction. Keywords: earthquake prediction, Eskisehir, hydrological warning, monitoring groundwater levels

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2

Oztas, Murat Orhan, Meltem Onder, Pinar Oztas, and Cigdem Atahan. "Early skin problems after Duzce earthquake." International Journal of Dermatology 39, no. 12 (December 2000): 952–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-4362.2000.00008.x.

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3

Bar-Dayan, Yaron, Adi Leiba, Pinar Beard, David Mankuta, Dan Engelhart, Yftah Beer, Mauryzio Lynn, et al. "A Multidisciplinary Field Hospital as a Substitute For Medical Hospital Care in the Aftermath of an Earthquake: The Experience of the Israeli Defense Forces Field Hospital in Duzce, Turkey, 1999." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 20, no. 2 (April 2005): 103–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00002272.

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AbstractThe damage created by an earthquake can overwhelm local health services, and damage to clinics and hospitals can render them useless. After an earthquake, even undamaged medical facilities cannot be used for a period of time if there is a risk of aftershocks and collapse.In such a situation, there may be calls for international health teams – but what constitutes the optimal medical aid a few days after the event? Does a military field hospital fill the “gap” in the local healthcare system?On 12 November 1999, a 7.2 magnitude earthquake struck Duzce, Turkey. All of the medical activities of the responding Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) mission team field hospital in Duzce, Turkey were recorded and evaluated. A total of 2,230 patient contacts occurred at the field hospital during the nine days it operated. Most of the patients who presented (90%) had non-traumatic medical, pediatric, or gynecological problems unrelated to the earthquake.The IDF hospital offered medical care provided by specialists, hospitalization, and surgical abilities, which Duzce's hospitals could not offer until two weeks after the earthquake. These results strengthen the importance of a multidisciplinary, versatile, field hospital as an aid to an earthquake-affected population during the first few weeks after an earthquake.

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4

Karimzadeh, Shaghayegh. "Seismological and Engineering Demand Misfits for Evaluating Simulated Ground Motion Records." Applied Sciences 9, no. 21 (October 23, 2019): 4497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9214497.

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Simulated ground motions have recently gained more attention in seismology and earthquake engineering. Since different characteristics of waveforms are expected to influence alternative structural response parameters, evaluation of simulations, for key components of seismological and engineering points of view is necessary. When seismological aspect is of concern, consideration of a representative set of ground motion parameters is imperative. Besides, to test the applicability of simulations in earthquake engineering, structural demand parameters should simultaneously cover a descriptive set. Herein, simulations are evaluated through comparison of seismological against engineering misfits, individually defined in terms of log-scale misfit and goodness-of-fit score. For numerical investigations, stochastically simulated records of three earthquakes are considered: The 1992 Erzincan-Turkey, 1999 Duzce-Turkey and 2009 L’Aquila-Italy events. For misfit evaluation, seismological parameters include amplitude, duration and frequency content, while engineering parameters contain spectral acceleration, velocity and seismic input energy. Overall, the same trend between both misfits is observed. All misfits for Erzincan and Duzce located on basins are larger than those corresponding to L’Aquila mostly placed on stiff sites. The engineering misfits, particularly in terms of input energy measures, are larger than seismological misfits. In summary, the proposed misfit evaluation methodology seems useful to evaluate simulations for engineering practice.

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5

Hearn, E. H. "Dynamics of Izmit Earthquake Postseismic Deformation and Loading of the Duzce Earthquake Hypocenter." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 172–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000832.

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6

Lee, Do Hyung, Byeong Hwa Kim, Jung Joong Kim, and WooSeok Kim. "Cumulative Damage Evaluation of RC Bridge Piers subjected to Multiple Earthquakes." Shock and Vibration 2020 (August 7, 2020): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/1910475.

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Successive earthquakes of Kocaeli and Duzce within three months indicated that even the survived lifeline structures such as bridges under the former event may have damage or collapse potential under the latter event due to their possible stiffness degradation. It is thus important that a rigorous seismic analysis of such structures should account for the effect of prior earthquake damage. For this purpose, nonlinear seismic analysis of a reinforced concrete bridge structure has been carried out under both single and multiple earthquake ground motions. Behavior and response evaluation of the bridge piers subjected to such motions have been discussed in terms of using both flexure-axial and flexure-shear-axial interaction models. Analytical results show that the stiffness degradation under multiple earthquake ground motions is more pronounced than that under single earthquake ground motion. In addition, comparison of the response without and with shear demonstrates that shear deformation is of significance. The response with shear exhibits the increase in displacement demand and decrease in lateral force carrying capacity, leading to a decrease in energy dissipation capacity. It is concluded that seismic analysis of reinforced concrete bridge structure should account for the effect of multiple earthquake ground motions to assess the demand on such structure properly.

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7

Ateş, Ali, İnan Keskin, Ermedin Totiç, and Burak Yeşil. "Investigation of Soil Liquefaction Potential around Efteni Lake in Duzce Turkey: Using Empirical Relationships between Shear Wave Velocity and SPT Blow Count (N)." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/290858.

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Evaluation of the liquefaction potential of a liquefaction-prone area is important for geotechnical earthquake engineering, both for assessment for site selection and for planning and new constructions. The liquefaction potential index for the city of Duzce in northwestern Turkey using the empirical relationships between the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Shear Wave Velocity Test (VS) was investigated in this study. After,VSvalues based on SPT blow counts (N) were obtained from the alluvial soils in the city of Duzce. The liquefaction potential indexes of the soils were determined using the empirical relationships between the Standard Penetration Test (SPT) and the Shear Wave Velocity Test (VS) calculating for a probable earthquake ofMW=7.2. In the result of the study, the liquefaction potential index (LPI) values were interpreted and compared evaluating the SPTNblow count values obtained from the study area. Based on the empirical relationships assumed for the soils, it was observed that there was not a perfect agreement between the results of the two methods. The liquefaction potential index values using the SPTNblow counts were found to be lower than those of theVSmethod.

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8

Şeşetyan, Tümsa, and Akinci. "Evaluation of The Seismic Hazard in The Marmara Region (Turkey) Based on Updated Databases." Geosciences 9, no. 12 (November 20, 2019): 489. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences9120489.

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The increase in the wealth of information on the seismotectonic structure of the Marmara region after two devastating earthquakes (M7.6 Izmit and M7.2 Duzce events) in the year 1999 opened the way for the reassessment of the probabilistic seismic hazard in the light of new datasets. In this connection, the most recent findings and outputs of different national and international projects concerning seismicity and fault characterization in terms of geometric and kinematic properties are exploited in the present study to build an updated seismic hazard model. A revised fault segmentation model, alternative earthquake rupture models under a Poisson and renewal assumptions, as well as recently derived global and regional ground motion prediction equations (GMPEs) are put together in the present model to assess the seismic hazard in the region. Probabilistic seismic hazard assessment (PSHA) is conducted based on characteristic earthquake modelling for the fault segments capable of producing large earthquakes and smoothed seismicity modelling for the background smaller magnitude earthquake activity. The time-independent and time-dependent seismic hazard results in terms of spatial distributions of three ground-shaking intensity measures (peak ground acceleration, PGA, and 0.2 s and 1.0 s spectral accelerations (SA) on rock having 10% and 2% probabilities of exceedance in 50 years) as well as the corresponding hazard curves for selected cities are shown and compared with previous studies.

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9

AbdulJaleel, Zina A., and Bahman O. Taha. "Selection of Compatible Ground Motions with the Seismic Characteristics of Erbil City, the Capital of the Kurdistan Region of Iraq." Polytechnic Journal 10, no. 1 (June 30, 2020): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25156/ptj.v10n1y2020.pp110-120.

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Erbil city characterized by the risk of earthquakes generated by Zagros-Taurus Belt. The central objective of this study is to obtain a compatible input ground motion within the seismicity of Erbil city since which is considered an essential component of seismic risk evaluation and vulnerability studies. The real records obtained from the online database Pacific Earthquake Engineering Research Next Generation Attenuation. Four sets of ground motion selection and modification methods proposed to obtain fifteen records, where each record scaled and matched with the defined target spectra and seismic characteristics in Erbil city. Based on the greatest number of repetition and different events, ten compatible ground motions with earthquake name and NGA record number are selected: Gazli_Ussr (#126), Imperial Vally_06 (#183), El Mayor-Cucapah_Maxico (#5827), Christchurch_New Zealand (#8124), Imperial Valley (#6), Darfield_NewZealand (#6893), Duzce Turkey (#1602), Northridge_01 (#1082), Loma Prieta (#761), and Spitak_Armenia (#730). Seismosoft application utilized to obtain the graphs of acceleration, velocity, and displacement time histories for three components, in addition to determine the important parameters to characterize the amplitude, frequency content, and duration of the selected ground motion.

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10

RATHJE, ELLEN M., JONATHAN P. STEWART, M. BORA BATURAY, JONATHAN D. BRAY, and J. P. BARDET. "STRONG GROUND MOTIONS AND DAMAGE PATTERNS FROM THE 1999 DUZCE EARTHQUAKE IN TURKEY." Journal of Earthquake Engineering 10, no. 5 (September 2006): 693–724. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13632460609350615.

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11

Ad-El, D. D., D. Engelhard, Y. Beer, I. Dudkevitz, and P. Benedeck. "Earthquake related scald injuries — experience from the IDF field hospital in Duzce, Turkey." Burns 27, no. 4 (June 2001): 401–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-4179(00)00121-2.

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12

Kontoe, Stavroula, Lidija Zdravkovic, David M. Potts, and Christopher O. Menkiti. "Case study on seismic tunnel response." Canadian Geotechnical Journal 45, no. 12 (December 2008): 1743–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t08-087.

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This paper presents a case study of the Bolu highway twin tunnels that experienced a wide range of damage during the 1999 Duzce earthquake in Turkey. Attention is focused on a particular section of the left tunnel that was still under construction when the earthquake struck and that experienced extensive damage during the seismic event. Static and dynamic plane-strain finite element (FE) analyses were undertaken to investigate the seismic tunnel response at two sections and to compare the results with the post-earthquake field observations. The predicted maximum total hoop stress during the earthquake exceeds the strength of shotcrete in the examined section. The occurrence of lining failure and the predicted failure mechanism compare very favourably with field observations. The results of the dynamic FE analyses are also compared with those obtained by simplified methodologies (i.e., two analytical elastic solutions and quasi-static elastoplastic FE analyses). For this example, the quasi-static racking analysis gave thrust and bending-moment distributions around the lining that differed significantly from those obtained from full dynamic analyses. However, the resulting hoop stress distributions were in reasonable agreement.

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13

Khatami, Seyed Mohammad, Hosein Naderpour, Rui Carneiro Barros, Anna Jakubczyk-Gałczyńska, and Robert Jankowski. "Determination of Peak Impact Force for Buildings Exposed to Structural Pounding during Earthquakes." Geosciences 10, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10010018.

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Structural pounding between adjacent, insufficiently separated buildings, or bridge segments, has been repeatedly observed during seismic excitations. Such earthquake-induced collisions may cause severe structural damage or even lead to the collapse of colliding structures. The aim of the present paper was to show the results of the study focused on determination of peak impact forces during collisions between buildings exposed to different seismic excitations. A set of different ground motion records, with various peak ground acceleration (PGA) values and frequency contents, were considered. First, pounding-involved numerical analysis was conducted for the basic parameters of colliding buildings. Then, the parametric study was carried out for different structural natural periods, structural damping ratios, gap sizes between buildings and coefficients of restitution. The results of the analysis conducted for the basic structural parameters indicate that the largest response of the analysed buildings was observed for the Duzce earthquake. The parametric study showed that the pounding-involved structural response depended substantially on all parameters considered in the analysis, and the largest response was observed for different ground motions. The results of the study presented in this paper indicate that the value of the peak impact force expected during the time of the earthquake does not depend on the PGA value of ground motion, but rather on the frequency contents of excitation and pounding scenario. It is therefore recommended that the peak impact force for buildings exposed to structural pounding during earthquakes should be determined individually for the specific structural configuration taking into account the design ground motion.

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14

Burgmann, R. "Deformation during the 12 November 1999 Duzce, Turkey, Earthquake, from GPS and InSAR Data." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 161–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000834.

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15

Wu, C., X. Meng, Z. Peng, and Y. Ben-Zion. "Lack of Spatiotemporal Localization of Foreshocks before the 1999 Mw 7.1 Duzce, Turkey, Earthquake." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 104, no. 1 (December 10, 2013): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120130140.

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16

Rathje, Ellen M., Kenneth H. Stokoe, and Brent Rosenblad. "Strong Motion Station Characterization and Site Effects during the 1999 Earthquakes in Turkey." Earthquake Spectra 19, no. 3 (August 2003): 653–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.1596212.

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The 1999 Kocaeli and Duzce earthquakes in Turkey generated a moderate amount of strong ground motion data. This paper describes the shear-wave velocity profiles measured at a number of strong motion stations in Turkey using the spectral-analysis-of-surface-waves (SASW) method. The shear-wave velocity profiles from SASW testing compare well with deeper profiles developed by microtremor surface wave inversion, but SASW provides more shear-wave velocity resolution near the ground surface. The developed shear-wave velocity profiles are used to define site classifications for each station. For the Kocaeli earthquake, event-specific attenuation relationships are developed. These relationships show considerable amplification of peak ground acceleration and spectral acceleration (at a period of 0.3 s) at deep soil sites in the far field, but no amplification in the near-fault region. For spectral accelerations at longer spectral periods (1.0 and 2.0 s), amplification is indicated in both the near field and far field. Amplification factors derived from the Kocaeli earthquake strong motion data are generally larger than those used in current attenuation relationships and building codes. The short-period amplification factors derived from the regression decrease with increasing rock motion intensity (PGArock), and the derived long-period amplification factors increase with increasing PGArock. These trends are most likely due to soil nonlinearity. The increase in long-period amplification factors with PGArock is not taken into account in current building codes.

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17

Karimzadeh, Shaghayegh, Aysegul Askan, and Ahmet Yakut. "Assessment of Simulated Ground Motions in Earthquake Engineering Practice: A Case Study for Duzce (Turkey)." Pure and Applied Geophysics 174, no. 9 (July 1, 2017): 3589–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00024-017-1602-2.

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18

Erkal, Aykut, and Hakki O. Ozhan. "Value and Vulnerability Assessment of a Historic Tomb for Conservation." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/357679.

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Monumental tombs reflect various social, cultural, architectural, religious, economic, and engineering features of a community. However, environmental weathering, natural disasters, poor maintenance, vandalism, and misuse unfortunately pose serious threats to these cultural assets. Historic monuments are often exposed to the highest risk due to their vulnerability. The Ottoman-style Nişancı Hamza Paşa tomb located in Karacaahmet Cemetery, Istanbul, the largest and oldest public cemetery in Turkey, is a case in point. The tomb consisting of six granite columns and a brick dome supported by six arches was constructed in 1605. Cracks, material loss, and decay as a result of adverse environmental effects and past earthquakes are evident. Therefore, this paper analyses the overall value of the tomb with respect to its historical, communal, evidential, and aesthetic aspects. Using the finite element approach and data on the tomb’s material properties, a structural analysis under the self-weight and a time history analysis based on the earthquake ground motion data recorded in Duzce, Turkey, in November 1999 were conducted to encourage the conservation of this tomb and similar cultural heritage assets all over the world. The damage observed in the structure is congruent with the analysis results.

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19

Duman, T. Y. "Step-Over and Bend Structures along the 1999 Duzce Earthquake Surface Rupture, North Anatolian Fault, Turkey." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 95, no. 4 (August 1, 2005): 1250–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120040082.

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20

Bar-Dayan, Yaron, Pinar Beard, David Mankuta, Dan Engelhart, Yftah Beer, Mauryzio Lynn, Yuval Weiss, Giora Martonovits, Paul Benedek, and Avishay Goldberg. "An Earthquake Disaster In Turkey: An Overview of the Israeli Defence Forces Field Hospital in Duzce — November 1999." Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 17, S2 (December 2002): S70—S71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00010748.

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21

Akyuz, H. S. "Surface Rupture and Slip Distribution of the 12 November 1999 Duzce Earthquake (M 7.1), North Anatolian Fault, Bolu, Turkey." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 61–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000840.

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22

Ugurhan, B., and A. Askan. "Stochastic Strong Ground Motion Simulation of the 12 November 1999 Duzce (Turkey) Earthquake Using a Dynamic Corner Frequency Approach." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 100, no. 4 (July 27, 2010): 1498–512. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090358.

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23

Bouchon, M. "A Note on Seismic Activity Near the Eastern Termination of the Izmit Rupture in the Hours Preceding the Duzce Earthquake." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 406–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000821.

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24

Alarslan, E. "CREATING SUSTAINABLE CITIES THROUGH DISASTER RESILIENCE IN TURKEY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-23-2018.

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<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> By 2050, almost 66 per cent of the world’s population will live in urban areas. While the urban settlements provide better living opportunities for people, they are also tremendously exhausting natural resources. Thus, as one of the 17 sustainable development goals, “sustainable cities and communities” is promoted by the United Nations. Over the course of the last 70 years, Turkey has experienced one of the most significant urbanization experiences in the world. Recently, cities accommodate over 75 percent of the country’s population. Furthermore, they are prone to high disaster risks due to their dense population and construction in Turkey. Of note, the two perilous earthquakes in 1999 (Izmit &amp; Duzce), provided Turkey significant experiences. They gave rise to reviewing the entire disaster mitigation system. Nevertheless, the earthquake in the City of Van (24.10.2011) revealed some deficiencies in the process of implementing disaster mitigation measures. To remedy these deficiencies, the Ministry of Environment and Urbanization (MoEU) prepared a new law on “Transformation of Areas under the Disaster Risks” (Law No. 6306). The law sets out principles and standards of disaster mitigation and process and procedures with respect to areas prone to disaster risks as well as buildings at risks in and out of disaster prone areas. In this paper, the aforementioned experience of Turkey will be reviewed in terms of sustainable cities and communities goal. Furthermore, the relevant implementations will be reviewed with a view to creating better solutions as well as decreasing undesired consequences such as compulsory displacement of people and degradation of urban environment.</p>

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25

KAWASHIMA, Kazuhiko. "Faulting and Fault-induced Damages and Disasters:DAMAGE OF BRIDGES RESULTING FROM FAULT RUPTURE IN THE 1999 KOCAELI AND DUZCE, TURKEY EARTHQUAKES AND THE 1999 CHI-CHI, TAIWAN EARTHQUAKE." STRUCTURAL ENGINEERING / EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING 19, no. 2 (2002): 179S—197S. http://dx.doi.org/10.2208/jsceseee.19.179s.

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26

Gundes Bakir, Pelin, Guido De Roeck, Geert Degrande, and K. K. F. Wong. "Site dependent response spectra and analysis of the characteristics of the strong ground motion due to the 1999 Duzce earthquake in Turkey." Engineering Structures 29, no. 8 (August 2007): 1939–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2006.09.022.

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27

Gelagoti, F. "Estimation of Strong Motion Experienced in the Vicinity of the Bolu Viaduct during the 1999 Duzce Earthquake: Development and Validation of a Hybrid Method." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 104, no. 2 (March 11, 2014): 720–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120130165.

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28

Kulkarni, Shantanu, and M. V. Waghmare. "Effectiveness of Lateral Load Resisting Systems for Open Ground+20 Storied RC Framed Structure." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 7 (July 31, 2022): 4284–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.45970.

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Abstract: In a highly populated country like India, problem of parking of the vehicles arises, this problem leaves no option for design of open ground storey buildings. Since there are no infill walls in ground storey, stiffness in the upper storey is much more than the ground storey. The columns in the ground storey are heavily stressed, therefore it is required that the ground storey columns must have sufficient strength and adequate ductility, the increased base shear is resisted entirely by the columns of ground storey only. These buildings are vulnerable due to the sudden lowering of stiffness and strength in the ground storey. This results in the attraction of more earthquake forces for the lower time periods, which also results in snapping of lateral ties in column, crushing of core concrete, buckling of longitudinal bars and finally shear failure in open ground storey columns due to lateral earthquake forces. Solution for this problem is to prevent the failure of open ground storey columns due to lateral earthquake forces by providing the lateral load resisting system. Many times, stiffness of walls is not considered while designing, this results in inaccurate designing of elements. An Open Ground +20 storied RC frame subjected to strong motion earthquakes viz. Duzce in Turkey (12/11/1999), Erzincan in Turkey (13/03/1992), Imperial valley at El-centro (19/05/1940), Landers (28/06/1992) and Nahanni in Canada (23/12/1985) creating soft storey effect at ground storey so it should be provided with lateral load resisting systems viz, Shear wall, steel bracing, lead rubber bearing base isolator with different configurations. Performance of equivalent diagonal strut provided to structure is compared with brick work modelled as actual brick work, equivalent diagonal struts, and considering only the mass of brick work. Time History Analysis is used in a RC framed building using ETABS Version18 and SAP2000 Version20 software in comparison with Response quantities Roof displacement, soft storey check, Base shear, overturning moment and storey drift. In this research, equivalent diagonal struts are provided as brick masonary, which shows accurate behavior of structure under strong ground motions as mass and stiffness both are considered during analysis. When Open ground storied structure is subjected to strong ground motions, stiffness at ground storey is drastically reduced. When structure is assigned with Lateral Load Resisting Systems, shear wall with configuration shear wall at ground storey and 1st storey, stiffness at ground storey is increased to 81% and 82% in X and Y direction respectively within permissible limits. Hence it can be concluded that when there is soft storey effect at open ground, structure becomes hazardous in presence of strong ground motions. When structure is subjected to strong ground motions, the vulnerability condition is high. Since we have performed non-linear dynamic time history analysis, more accurate results can be obtained as non-linear analysis considers vertical irregularities

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29

Konca, A. O., S. Leprince, J. P. Avouac, and D. V. Helmberger. "Rupture Process of the 1999 Mw 7.1 Duzce Earthquake from Joint Analysis of SPOT, GPS, InSAR, Strong-Motion, and Teleseismic Data: A Supershear Rupture with Variable Rupture Velocity." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 100, no. 1 (January 27, 2010): 267–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120090072.

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30

Arroyo, Ivonne Gabriela, and Lepolt Linkimer. "Geometría de la zona sismogénica interplacas en el Sureste de Costa Rica a la luz de la secuencia de Golfito del 2018." Geofísica Internacional 60, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.22201/igeof.00167169p.2021.60.1.2026.

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Between August and November 2018, a seismic sequence took place in the vicinity of Golfito, a city in the Dulce Gulf in Southeastern Costa Rica. The main shock had a moment magnitude (Mw) of 6.1 and was widely felt in Costa Rica and Western Panama, with maximum Modified Mercalli intensities of VI. In this region, the oceanic Cocos Ridge, riding on top of the Cocos Plate, subducts beneath the Panama Microplate. Using the seismic records from the National Seismological Network of Costa Rica, in this work the seismicity is relocated using the double-difference technique, and an analysis of its temporal and geographic distribution together with the focal mechanism and intensities of the strongest events are presented. The results show that the sequence occurred at the interplate seismogenic zone, within the rupture area of the 1983 Golfito earthquake (7.4 Mw), between 12 and 27 km depth, in a cluster dipping 35º northeast underneath the Dulce Gulf. Based mainly on these results and on previous seismic sequences, it is here proposed that the seismogenic zone in Southeastern Costa Rica has an extension of ~160 x 45 km. Further, during the Golfito sequence, the rupture of an inverse fault (5.9 Mw) took place within the Cocos Plate beneath the Dulce Gulf, as well as of dextral strike-slip faults (4.6-5.6 Mw) in the Panama Microplate, 50 km away of the Dulce Gulf. The analysis of the interseismic interplate seismicity contributes to a better understating of the dynamics of the seismogenic zone. This is of particular relevance in Southeastern Costa Rica, where at least six damaging earthquakes of Mw > 7 have occurred since 1803, implying the impending risk of the next big earthquake in this region.

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31

Sahin, Muhammed, and Ergin Tari. "The August 17 Kocaeli and the November 12 Duzce earthquakes in Turkey." Earth, Planets and Space 52, no. 10 (October 2000): 753–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/bf03352277.

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Kutoglu, H. S., H. Akcin, O. Gundogdu, K. S. Gormus, and E. Koksal. "Relaxation on the Ismetpasa segment of the North Anatolian Fault after the Golcuk <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 7.4 and Duzce <i>M</i><sub>w</sub> = 7.2 shocks." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 10, no. 12 (December 21, 2010): 2653–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-10-2653-2010.

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Abstract. The Ismetpasa segment of the North Anatolian Fault (NAF) is a rare place where aseismic fault slip (creep) has been observed. Its creep behaviour has been monitored using different observation methods since the 1950s. The findings obtained from the studies until 1990s showed that the creep rate exponentially decreased before the major shocks in 1999, Golcuk (Mw = 7.4) and Duzce (Mw = 7.2). After these shocks, three GPS periods observation in 2002, 2007 and 2008 were carried out on the geodetic network established around the segment. The evaluations of these observations showed that the creep behaviour relaxed after the major earthquakes. This result demonstrates that the creep behaviour of the Ismetpasa segment might be a warning before future major earthquakes.

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Sucuoglu, H., and T. Yilmaz. "Duzce, Turkey: A City Hit by Two Major Earthquakes in 1999 within Three Months." Seismological Research Letters 72, no. 6 (November 1, 2001): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.72.6.679.

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Kaya, Ayse Demet, and Erdal Oguz Kaya. "Changing patterns of hepatitis A virus seroprevalence after earthquakes in Duzce, northwest of Turkey." International Journal of Disaster Medicine 4, no. 4 (January 2006): 162–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15031430701680308.

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Rockwell, T. K. "Lateral Offsets on Surveyed Cultural Features Resulting from the 1999 Izmit and Duzce Earthquakes, Turkey." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 79–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000809.

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Atakan, K. "Seismic Hazard in Istanbul following the 17 August 1999 Izmit and 12 November 1999 Duzce Earthquakes." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 466–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000828.

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Durukal, E. "Dynamic Response of Two Historical Monuments in Istanbul Deduced from the Recordings of Kocaeli and Duzce Earthquakes." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 93, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 694–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000831.

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Kaya, Ayse Demet, C. Elif Ozturk, Taner Yavuz, Cigdem Ozaydin, and Talat Bahcebasi. "Changing patterns of hepatitis A and E sero-prevalences in children after the 1999 earthquakes in Duzce, Turkey." Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health 44, no. 4 (April 2008): 205–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1754.2007.01248.x.

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39

Lipman, Peter W., and Matthew J. Zimmerer. "Magmato-tectonic links: Ignimbrite calderas, regional dike swarms, and the transition from arc to rift in the Southern Rocky Mountains." Geosphere 15, no. 6 (September 30, 2019): 1893–926. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/ges02068.1.

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Abstract Radial and linear dike swarms in the eroded roots of volcanoes and along rift zones are sensitive structural indicators of conduit and eruption geometry that can record regional paleostress orientations. Compositionally diverse dikes and larger intrusions that radiate westward from the polycyclic Platoro caldera complex in the Southern Rocky Mountain volcanic field (southwestern United States) merge in structural trend, composition, and age with the enormous but little-studied Dulce swarm of trachybasaltic dikes that continue southwest and south for ∼125 km along the eastern margin of the Colorado Plateau from southern Colorado into northern New Mexico. Some Dulce dikes, though only 1–2 m thick, are traceable for 20 km. More than 200 dikes of the Platoro-Dulce swarm are depicted on regional maps, but only a few compositions and ages have been published previously, and relations to Platoro caldera have not been evaluated. Despite complications from deuteric alteration, bulk compositions of Platoro-Dulce dikes (105 new X-ray fluorescence and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry analyses) become more mafic and alkalic with distance from the caldera. Fifty-eight (58) new 40Ar/39Ar ages provide insight into the timing of dike emplacement in relation to evolution of Platoro caldera (source of six regional ignimbrites between 30.3 and 28.8 Ma). The majority of Dulce dikes were emplaced during a brief period (26.5–25.0 Ma) of postcaldera magmatism. Some northeast-trending dikes yield ages as old as 27.5 Ma, and the northernmost north-trending dikes have younger ages (20.1–18.6 Ma). In contrast to high-K lamprophyres farther west on the Colorado Plateau, the Dulce dikes are trachybasalts that contain only anhydrous phenocrysts (clinopyroxene, olivine). Dikes radial to Platoro caldera range from pyroxene- and hornblende-bearing andesite to sanidine dacite, mostly more silicic than trachybasalts of the Dulce swarm. Some distal andesite dikes have ages (31.2–30.4 Ma) similar to those of late precaldera lavas; ages of other proximal dikes (29.2–27.5 Ma) are akin to those of caldera-filling lavas and the oldest Dulce dikes. The largest radial dikes are dacites that have yet younger sanidine 40Ar/39Ar ages (26.5–26.4 Ma), similar to those of the main Dulce swarm. The older andesitic dikes and precaldera lavas record the inception of a long-lived upper-crustal magmatic locus at Platoro. This system peaked in magmatic output during ignimbrite eruptions but remained intermittently active for at least an additional 9 m.y. Platoro magmatism began to decline at ca. 26 Ma, concurrent with initial basaltic volcanism and regional extension along the Rio Grande rift, but no basalt is known to have erupted proximal to Platoro caldera prior to ca. 20 Ma, just as silicic activity terminated at this magmatic locus. The large numbers and lengths of the radial andesitic-dacitic dikes, in comparison to the absence of similar features at other calderas of the San Juan volcanic locus, may reflect location of the Platoro system peripheral to the main upper-crustal San Juan batholith recorded by gravity data, as well as its proximity to the axis of early rifting. Spatial, temporal, and genetic links between Platoro radial dikes and the linear Dulce swarm suggest that they represent an interconnected regional-scale magmatic suite related to prolonged assembly and solidification of an arc-related subcaldera batholith concurrently with a transition to regional extension. Emplacement of such widespread dikes during the late evolution of a subcaldera batholith could generate earthquakes and trigger dispersed small eruptions. Such events would constitute little-appreciated magmato-tectonic hazards near dormant calderas such as Valles, Long Valley, or Yellowstone (western USA).

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Aydin, A. "Surface Ruptures of the 17 August and 12 November 1999 Izmit and Duzce Earthquakes in Northwestern Anatolia, Turkey: Their Tectonic and Kinematic Significance and the Associated Damage." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 95–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000801.

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Hartleb, R. D. "Surface Rupture and Slip Distribution along the Karadere Segment of the 17 August 1999 Izmit and the Western Section of the 12 November 1999 Duzce, Turkey, Earthquakes." Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America 92, no. 1 (February 1, 2002): 67–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000829.

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Yetirmishli, Gurban, and Sabina Kazimova. "The first results of estimating the depth of the Moho surface by the method of converted Ps-waves for the Azerbaijan part of the Greater Caucasus." Russian Journal of Seismology 2, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 78–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.35540/2686-7907.2020.3.07.

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The methodology of the converted waves, or as it is commonly called, the "Receiver function" method, is well known and is widely used throughout the world to study the deep structure of the Earth up to 800 km. The method is based on the registration and interpretation of converted Ps waves. These studies were carried out as part of the International Seismotomo-graphic Laboratory using a software package developed at the University of Missouri (USA). One of the best regions for studying the early stages of mountain building is the Greater Caucasus, where most of the volcanism and mountain building appears to be 5 million years. Of particular interest is the immersion zone of the Kura Basin beneath the Greater Caucasus, the so-called subduction zone, which has not been sufficiently studied to date. To this end, we began our studies of the depth of the Moho border with this region. Thus, for the first time on the basis of the analysis of the wave characteristics of distant earthquakes recorded at seismic and telemetric stations of the RSSC, within the framework of the international project "Transect", the depths of the Moho border for the Azerbaijan part of the Greater Caucasus were refined by the method of exchange reflected Ps waves ("Receiver function"). Seismo-grams of the selected earthquakes were processed using the Seismic Analysis Code (SAC) software package under the MacOs operating system. The study examined seismological data recorded by a network of telemetry stations (N=20) for 2009-2019. In total, 2428 earth-quakes recorded at an epicenter distance of 35 to 90 degrees were analyzed. At the first stage, frequency filtering was carried out in order to eliminate oscillations that were too high, containing the effects of random scattering on inhomogeneities, and too low frequencies that re-duce the resolution. The working range of the periods ranged from two to 10 seconds. Next, two-dimensional and three-dimensional rotation of the axes was carried out. The summation of all traces was carried out with time shifts relative to some reference epicentral distance, which is assumed to be 60 degrees. On the summarized Q-tracks of the receiving functions, the Moho boundary with a delay time of 4.0 sec is clearly distinguished. Thus, a map of iso-lines of the depths of the Moho surface was constructed and depths were determined for the territory of the Guba-Gusar region 48-50 km, the Zagatala-Balakan region 46-47 km, the Shamakhi-Ismayilli region 48-52 km. As it was said earlier, the first definitions of the depth of the surface of Moho in Azerbaijan were made based on the data from the state earthquake and the gravitational model of the Earth's crust. R.M. Gadzhiev in 1965 and E.Sh. Shikhalibeyli in 1996 built such models. The data obtained are consistent with the available data, but discrepancies have been received. Compared with the map constructed according to the GSZ-KMPV and gravimetric data by R.M. Gadzhiev (1965), the difference in the thickness of the earth's crust was from one to 15 km. Compared with the map constructed according to the FGP and gravimetric data by E.Sh Shikhalibeyli (1996), the difference in the thickness of the earth's crust varied from one to 10 km.

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NEMUTLU, Ömer Faruk, and Bilal BALUN. "Evaluation of November 23, 2022, Duzce Earthquake data with Ground Motion Prediction Equations." Bitlis Eren Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Dergisi, December 13, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17798/bitlisfen.1376430.

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An earthquake with a magnitude of 5.9 Mw occurred in Düzce (Gölyaka) on November 23, 2022. A rupture occurred on the Karadere Segment, which is a section of the North Anatolian Fault zone. According to the investigations, an 8 km section that was not broken in the 1999 Gölcük Earthquake was broken by this earthquake and caused the earthquake. Station number 8105, one of the stations of the Disaster and Emergency Presidency, measured the maximum ground acceleration of the earthquake as 0.6g. This value is above the PGA value taken from the hazard map of the region. This earthquake in the Marmara region attracts the attention of researchers both because it is close to the 1999 Gölcük Earthquake and because there is an earthquake expectation in Istanbul and its surroundings. Ground motion prediction equations are created by researchers to predict the effects of future earthquakes. The aim of this study is to compare the earthquake data considered in the study with 5 of the ground motion equations developed for Turkey. PGA data were collected and compared with the 5 attenuation relations used from the stations taking measurements from the earthquake, and the compatibility of the earthquake with the 5 existing models was examined. As a result of the study, it was determined that among these attenuation relations, the attenuation relations prepared using the data in the region where the earthquake occurred showed a higher fit. In addition, it has been observed that low pga values at stations farther from the epicenter of the earthquake fit better with the curves obtained from the attenuation relations. The number of data sets used in attenuation relations and the study area increase the possibility of estimating earthquake parameters. The data set used in the AR4 attenuation relationship used in the study and the fact that the region taken into consideration is the region where the earthquake occurred increased the data-model compatibility. It was concluded that existing attenuation relationships should be updated in order to better predict future earthquakes and their effects.

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Aykanat, Batuhan, Esin Erturk, Ahmet Can Altunisik, and Mehmet Emin Aslan. "Field Investigation on Reinforced Concrete and Masonry Buildings Damages after November 23, 2022 Golyaka (Duzce) Earthquake." Journal of Earthquake and Tsunami, February 17, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793431123500100.

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45

Pujol, Santiago, Idris Bedirhanoglu, Cemalettin Donmez, Jeffrey D. Dowgala, Meltem Eryilmaz-Yildirim, Kari Klaboe, Fahri Baran Koroglu, et al. "Quantitative evaluation of the damage to RC buildings caused by the 2023 southeast Turkey earthquake sequence." Earthquake Spectra, January 11, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/87552930231211208.

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Data from 15 earthquakes that occurred in 12 different countries are presented showing that, without better drift control, structures built with building codes allowing large seismic drifts are likely to keep leaving a wide wake of damage ranging from cracked partitions to building overturning. Following the earthquake sequence affecting southeast Turkey in 2023, a team led by Committee 133 of the American Concrete Institute surveyed nearly 250 reinforced concrete buildings in the area extending from Antakya to Malatya. Buildings ranging from 2 to 16 stories were surveyed to assess their damage and evaluate the robustness of their structures in relation to overall stiffness, as measured by the relative cross-sectional areas of structural walls and columns. The majority of the buildings were estimated to have been built in the past 10 years. Yet, the structures surveyed were observed to have amounts of structural walls and columns comparable with amounts reported after the Erzincan (1992), Duzce (1999), and Bingol (2003) Earthquakes in Turkey. These amounts are, on average, much smaller than the wall and column amounts used in Chile and Japan. Because of that lack of robustness and given the intensities of the motions reported from Antakya to Malatya (with 10 stations with peak ground velocity (PGV) of 100 cm/s or more), it is concluded that structures in this region experienced large drifts. Excessive drift (1) exposed a myriad of construction and detailing problems leading to severe structural damage and collapse, (2) induced overturning caused by p-delta for some buildings, and (3) caused widespread damage to brittle masonry partitions. The main lesson is simple: ductility is necessary but not sufficient. It is urgent that seismic drift limits are tightened in high-seismicity regions worldwide.

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Karimzadeh, Shaghayegh, Amirhossein Mohammadi, Sayed Mohammad Sajad Hussaini, Daniel Caicedo, Aysegul Askan, and Paulo B. Lourenço. "ANN-Based Ground Motion Model for Turkey using Stochastic Simulation of Earthquakes." Geophysical Journal International, November 1, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggad432.

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Summary Turkey is characterised by a high level of seismic activity attributed to its complex tectonic structure. The country has a dense network to record earthquake ground motions; however, to study previous earthquakes and to account for potential future ones, ground motion simulations are required. Ground motion simulation techniques offer an alternative means of generating region-specific time-series data for locations with limited seismic networks or regions with seismic data gaps, facilitating the study of potential catastrophic earthquakes. In this research, a local ground motion model (GMM) for Turkey is developed using region-specific simulated records, thus constructing a homogeneous dataset. The simulations employ the stochastic finite-fault approach and utilise validated input-model parameters in distinct regions, namely Afyon, Erzincan, Duzce, Istanbul, and Van. To overcome the limitations of linear regression-based models, artificial neural network (ANN) is used to establish the form of equations and coefficients. The predictive input parameters encompass fault mechanism (FM), focal depth (FD), moment magnitude (Mw), Joyner and Boore distance (RJB), and average shear wave velocity in the top 30 meters (Vs30). The dataset comprises 7359 records with Mw ranging between 5.0 and 7.5 and RJB ranging from 0 to 272 km. The results are presented in terms of spectral ordinates within the period range of 0.03 to 2.0 seconds, as well as peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV). The quantification of the GMM uncertainty is achieved through the analysis of residuals, enabling insights into inter- and intra-event uncertainties. The simulation results and the effectiveness of the model are verified by comparing the predicted values of ground motion parameters with the observed values recorded during previous events in the region. The results demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed model in simulating physical phenomena.

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Karadeniz, Enes, and Fatih Sunbul. "Land use and land cover change in Duzce region following the major earthquake: implications for ANN and Markov Chain Analysis." Environmental Earth Sciences 82, no. 10 (May 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-10881-8.

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