Journal articles: 'Dust'

1

Lampe, Martin, Glenn Joyce, and Gurudas Ganguli. "Dust Molecules and Dust Strings in Dusty Plasma." Physica Scripta T107, no. 5 (2004): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1238/physica.topical.107a00065.

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Garrido-Ceca, Ignacio, María Puig-Gamero, and Álvaro Ramírez-Gómez. "Influence of Bends in the Functionality of Passive Explosion Isolation Valves." Applied Sciences 12, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 11654. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app122211654.

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Explosion isolation flap valves are one of the most used explosion protection systems in process industries; research is essential to improve them and to minimise both human and material losses when dust explosions take place. In this regard, there is little knowledge on the effect of bends in the functionality of these protective systems; hence, the main aim of this work is to bridge this gap. Large-scale dust explosions were performed, using three different types of dust: metal dust and two types of organic dust. In order to analyse the effect of bends in the functionality of these protective systems, results using a straight duct and one with bends were compared for each dust tested. In addition, the influence of the bend radius on aluminium dust explosions was also evaluated. The results indicated that the effect of bends depended on the explosive characteristics of the dust. However, for aluminium and maize starch dusts, bends led to higher pressures and flame velocities. Relevant information is provided to help decision-making when designing these valves. Moreover, such data can be used for consideration in the discussions held by the task force entrusted with developing the standard used to assess their functionality.

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Orac, D., M. Laubertova, J. Piroskova, D. Klein, R. Bures, and J. Klimko. "Characterization of dusts from secondary copper production." Journal of Mining and Metallurgy, Section B: Metallurgy 56, no. 2 (2020): 221–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jmmb190820011o.

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Various types of waste, including dusts, are produced in the pyrometallurgical production of copper from secondary raw materials. According to the European Waste Catalogue and Hazardous Waste List, dusts from secondary copper production are classified as hazardous waste. In secondary copper production 3.87 million tons of copper were produced worldwide in 2017. The dusts are produced in the following thermal operations: reduction of the melt in the shaft furnace (shaft furnace dust), converting (converter dust), and pyrometallurgical refining (refining dust). These dusts contain significant amounts of heavy metals (Zn, Pb, and Sn) in oxidic forms. The dusts are regarded as secondary raw materials, and it is necessary to look for ways of extracting these heavy metals. The aim of this work was to characterize the individual types of dust and determine their quantitative and qualitative composition. The content of heavy metals in copper shaft furnace dust is (52.16% Zn, 19.33% Pb), in copper converter dust (32.40% Zn, 14.46% Pb), and in refining dust (32.99% Zn).

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de Angelis, U., and P. K. Shukla. "Damping of dust-acoustic waves due to dust-dust interactions in dusty plasmas." Physics Letters A 244, no. 6 (August 1998): 557–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(98)00446-0.

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Lin, Chendi, Yingquan Qi, Xiangyang Gan, Hao Feng, Yan Wang, Wentao Ji, and Xiaoping Wen. "Investigation into the Suppression Effects of Inert Powders on the Minimum Ignition Temperature and the Minimum Ignition Energy of Polyethylene Dust." Processes 8, no. 3 (March 4, 2020): 294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8030294.

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The risks associated with dust explosions still exist in industries that either process or handle combustible dust. This explosion risk could be prevented or mitigated by applying the principle of inherent safety. One effective principle is to add an inert material to a highly combustible material in order to decrease its ignition sensitivity. This paper deals with an experimental investigation of the influence of inert dust on the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum explosion energy of combustible dust. The experiments detailed here were performed in a Godbert–Greenwald (GG) furnace and a 1.2 L Hartmann tube. The combustible dust (polyethylene—PE; 800 mesh) and four inert powders (NaHCO3, Na2C2O4, KHCO3, and K2C2O4) were used. The suppression effects of the four inert powders on the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum explosion energy of the PE dust have been evaluated and compared with each other. The results show that all of the four different inert dusts have an effective suppression effect on the minimum ignition temperature and the minimum explosion energy of PE dust. However, the comparison of the results indicates that the suppression effect of bicarbonate dusts is better than that of oxalate dust. For the same kind of bicarbonate dusts, the suppression effects of potassium salt dusts are better than those of the sodium salt. The possible mechanisms for the better suppression effects of bicarbonate dusts and potassium salt dusts have been analyzed here.

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Zhang, Jian Zhuo, Tian Zi Zhu, Meng Gao, and Kang Kang Li. "Parameter Optimization and Numerical Simulation of Dust-Collecting and Dedusting System with Air Curtain in Heading Face." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 2073–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.2073.

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A new type of dust-collecting and dedusting system with air curtain was developed to solve the problems of the dust-prevention in mine tunnel. The speed of air-curtain fan, the structure size and pressure of dedusting duct are the critical factors, which effect dust control of the whole system. In order to achieve optimal efficiency of dust control, the simulation was conducted with FLUENT(computational fluid dynamics software) to analyse the air-curtain fan surface path lines and dust particle tracks at different wind speeds of air curtain fan, dedusting duct diameters and outlet pressures. We obtained the law of fan speed, the diameter and outlet pressure of dedusting duct, which effect the whole system on dedusting. This law would play a guiding role on the structural optimization of dust-collecting and dedusting system with air curtain.

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7

D'Angelo, N. "Dust–dust lower hybrid waves in a collisional dusty plasma." Physics Letters A 299, no. 2-3 (July 2002): 226–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0375-9601(02)00682-5.

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8

Tsytovich, V. N., and U. de Angelis. "Kinetic theory of dusty plasmas. III. Dust–dust collision integrals." Physics of Plasmas 8, no. 4 (2001): 1141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1350669.

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9

Gong, Xiaoyan, Congcong Jia, Kang Sun, Jian Cui, Kefan Lei, Yuxuan Xue, and He Xue. "Distribution Law and Prediction Model of Dust Concentration under Airflow Adjustment in Fully Mechanized Heading Face." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (July 21, 2019): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6210704.

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The current situation of extensive ventilation management for the fully mechanized heading face cannot dynamically control air velocity and make reasonable dust migration distribution, resulting in serious disaster of dust and environmental pollution in the roadway. In this paper, the fluid mechanics, finite element numerical simulation, and underground measurement were combined to analyze the distribution of dust concentration under the variable airflow state at the duct outlet to obtain the massive correlation data of duct outlet parameters and dust concentration. For the pedestrian breathing-height in the backflow side and driver location, the double-objective BP prediction model for dust concentration under airflow adjustment was established, and the performance parameters and prediction accuracy of the BP prediction model were analyzed by using the relative error and fitting analysis. In Ningtiaota coal mine, located in Northern Shaanxi province of China, the self-developed control device is installed on the duct outlet with underground test and application verification to refine the model. The results indicated the dynamic control of airflow optimizes dust concentration distribution. The dust concentration at the pedestrian breathing-height in the backflow side and driver location was significantly decreased after the installation of adjustment device. Dust concentration at the pedestrian breathing-height and driver location was decreased by 31% and 34%, respectively, compared with the results before adjustment, which achieved the safe, environment-friendly, and energy-saving ventilation and the dust removal function in fully mechanized heading face.

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Chencheva, O., Ye Lashko, D. Rieznik, Yu Cheberyachko, and I. Petrenko. "RESEARCH OF THE AERODYNAMIC PROCESS OF CARBON DUST REMOVAL FROM THE WORKING ZONE." Municipal economy of cities 1, no. 175 (April 3, 2023): 208–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.33042/2522-1809-2023-1-175-208-220.

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The purpose of this work is research of the aerodynamic process of carbon dust removal from the working zone in order to create safe and harmless working conditions at the production site. As a result of the research, an aerodynamic calculation of a long air duct of uniform suction with tangential air intake was performed. The degree of twisting of the air flow inside the air duct, as well as the uniformity of air suction along the length of the long suction, were determined. A number of factors affecting the dust removal process have been established, such as suction torch long suction; coefficient of local suction resistance; forces of inertia and viscosity on the resistance of local suction. The dependence of the ratio of the width of the entrance hole to the diameter of the air duct on the local suction resistance, the dependence of the ratio of the areas of the entrance gap and the cross section of the transitional air duct on the local suction resistance, as well as the effect of the length of the entrance slot on the coefficient of local suction resistance were determined. The efficiency of suction of dust particles with an extended suction unit with tangential air entry has been proven. For a more accurate analysis of the distance at which an extended extractor with tangential air intake can be placed relative to the dust source, it is necessary to conduct a dispersed dust analysis. For effective capture of specific dust, calculations should be based on the size of the dust, which occupies a larger share in the distribution of fractions. The smaller the dust particle, the further the suction device can be located. To visualize the experimentally obtained results, simulation was performed in the FlowVision software in accordance with the mathematically calculated initial data. During the simulation of the movement of dusty air in an extended extractor with a tangential entry into the system, the occurrence of swirling of the air flow has been proven. Due to this formation, the largest fractions of dust will move along the walls of the air duct. This makes it possible to use extended extractors to remove coarse fractions of dust contained in polluted air, organizing the removal of air moving near the walls of the air duct. Keywords: carbon dust, aerodynamic calculation, engineering simulation, occupational diseases, occupational health.

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Li, Chuan Zhi, Zhong Chao Xu, Liang Jun Ruan, and Xiao Min Cheng. "Amenity Design of Blackboard Eraser." Applied Mechanics and Materials 201-202 (October 2012): 912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.201-202.912.

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According to the problem that chalks will create dust, coming up with the idea of electronic blackboard erasers. When wool felt wiping off the writing, micro-motor drives fan to rotate. It eliminates air and form a great pressure to outside, dirt and dust are drawn into the machine by suction. Through filtering, dusts will be collected into a special dust collector. After testing, more than 95% of dusts can be drawn into electronic blackboard eraser. It has a powerful ability to remove dusts.

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12

Xu, Xiaofeng, Yudi Yang, Zixu Xiong, Jianming Gong, and Tianyang Luo. "Three-Dimensional Distribution and Transport Features of Dust and Polluted Dust over China and Surrounding Areas from CALIPSO." Remote Sensing 15, no. 24 (December 15, 2023): 5734. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15245734.

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Dust plays a very important role in the Earth’s climate system by its direct and indirect effects. Deserts in northwestern China contribute a large amount of dust particles, both inland and outside, while the vertical distribution and transport mechanism of dust still have many uncertainties. Using Level 3 cloud-free monthly aerosol products of the Cloud–Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observations (CALIPSO) system from 2007 to 2020, we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations and transport features for dust and polluted dust aerosols over China and the surrounding areas. The results show that the Taklimakan Desert (TD) and the Thar Desert (TRD) always act as the high-value centers of dust optical depth (DOD), while the centers of polluted dust optical depth (PDOD) are located in eastern China, the Sichuan Basin and the Indian subcontinent. The DOD shows an increasing trend in most areas, while the PDOD presents a significant decrease and increase in eastern China and central India, respectively. The largest DOD appears in spring over the TD and the Gobi Desert (GD), while the largest DOD in summer is over the TRD. Although most dusts in the TD and TRD are concentrated below 4 km, they may be higher over the TD. Most of the polluted dusts are confined to under 2 km. The dust input to the Tibetan Plateau (TP) could come from both the TD and TRD and occurs mostly in spring and summer, respectively. The polluted dusts of South Asia and the Indian subcontinent are mostly contained in the boundary layer in winter, but they could extend much higher in spring and summer, which favors their transport into southwestern China. The dust layer shows apparent seasonality. Its top reaches a higher level in spring and summer, while the base stays at a similar height in all seasons. The dust layer appears to be the thickest in spring over most areas, while the thickest layer in summer is over the TD and TRD. The polluted dust layer is thickest in the Indian subcontinent in spring. The overlapping of dust and polluted dust layers present different patterns in different regions, which suggests diverse mixture processes of dusts and pollutants. Finally, we compared and found different influences of meteorological factors, such as wind field, boundary layer height and precipitation, on the variations in DOD and PDOD over dust sources and other areas.

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13

Chiao, May. "Dust to dust to dust." Nature Physics 9, no. 1 (December 21, 2012): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nphys2534.

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14

Huang, J. P., J. J. Liu, B. Chen, and S. L. Nasiri. "Detection of anthropogenic dust using CALIPSO lidar measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 15, no. 20 (October 21, 2015): 11653–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-15-11653-2015.

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Abstract. Anthropogenic dusts are those produced by human activities on disturbed soils, which are mainly cropland, pastureland, and urbanized regions, and are a subset of the total dust load which includes natural sources from desert regions. Our knowledge of anthropogenic dusts is still very limited due to a lack of data. To understand the contribution of anthropogenic dust to the total global dust load, it is important to identify it apart from total dust. In this study, a new technique for distinguishing anthropogenic dust from natural dust is proposed by using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) dust and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height retrievals along with a land use data set. Using this technique, the global distribution of dust is analyzed and the relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources to regional and global emissions are estimated. Results reveal that local anthropogenic dust aerosol due to human activity, such as agriculture, industrial activity, transportation, and overgrazing, accounts for about 25 % of the global continental dust load. Of these anthropogenic dust aerosols, more than 53 % come from semi-arid and semi-wet regions. Annual mean anthropogenic dust column burden (DCB) values range from 0.42 g m−2, with a maximum in India, to 0.12 g m−2, with a minimum in North America. A better understanding of anthropogenic dust emission will enable us to focus on human activities in these critical regions and with such knowledge we will be more able to improve global dust models and to explore the effects of anthropogenic emission on radiative forcing, climate change, and air quality in the future.

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Ameen, Mohamed, Iqbal Ahmad, Syed Musthapa, Masroor Alam Baig, Rinky Mishra, and Qamar Rahman. "Differential responses of rat alveolar macrophages to carpet dust in vitro." Human & Experimental Toxicology 22, no. 5 (May 2003): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327103ht356oa.

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Epidemiological studies of workers in carpet weaving units in carpet industries have shown a direct relation between the concentration of carpet dust in the air and respiratory symptoms. To predict the health risk of carpet weavers, this preliminary study was conducted to evaluate the toxic potential of different types of workplace dust by using alveolar macrophages (AMs). Several parameters were observed for cytotoxicity such as cell viability, the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) in rat AMs treated with different concentration of carpet dust and haemolytic potential of erythrocytes. In addition, reactive oxygen/nitrogen species-inducing effects of carpet dust were assessed by nitric oxide (NO), reduced glutathione (GSH) release and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) generation in AMs. Results of cell viability and hemolytic assay showed a direct correlation between increasing the dust concentration with enhancing the toxic effect. Knotted and tufted carpet dust increases the release of LDH, NO, GSH and H2O2 production with increasing dust concentration. Present observations have revealed that dusts collected from tufted carpet weaving units exhibited more toxicity to AMs than knotted carpet dust. These data further suggest that injurious effects of carpet dust to AMs could pave a way to evaluate the toxic potential of the different types of workplace dusts and component(s) involved in it.

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Huang, J., J. Liu, B. Chen, and S. L. Nasiri. "Detection of anthropogenic dust using CALIPSO lidar measurements." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 15, no. 7 (April 7, 2015): 10163–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-15-10163-2015.

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Abstract. Anthropogenic dusts are those produced by human activities on disturbed soils, which are mainly cropland, pasture, and urbanized regions and are a subset of the total dust load which includes natural sources from desert regions. Our knowledge of anthropogenic dusts is still very limited due to a lack of data on source distribution and magnitude, and on their effect on radiative forcing which may be comparable to other anthropogenic aerosols. To understand the contribution of anthropogenic dust to the total global dust load and its effect on radiative transfer and climate, it is important to identify them from total dust. In this study, a new technique for distinguishing anthropogenic dust from natural dust is proposed by using Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) dust and planetary boundary layer (PBL) height retrievals along with a land use dataset. Using this technique, the global distribution of dust is analyzed and the relative contribution of anthropogenic and natural dust sources to regional and global emissions are estimated. Results reveal that local anthropogenic dust aerosol due to human activity, such as agriculture, industrial activity, transportation, and overgrazing, accounts for about 25% of the global continental dust load. Of these anthropogenic dust aerosols, more than 53% come from semi-arid and semi-wet regions. Annual mean anthropogenic dust column burden (DCB) values range from 0.42 g m−2 with a maximum in India to 0.12 g m−2 with a minimum in North America. A better understanding of anthropogenic dust emission will enable us to focus on human activities in these critical regions and with such knowledge we will be better able to improve global dust models and to explore the effects of anthropogenic emission on radiative forcing, climate change and air quality in the future.

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Chen, Jiachen, and Qi Zhang. "Flow characteristics of dusts dispersed by high-pressure air blast in 20 L chamber." Engineering Computations 32, no. 3 (May 5, 2015): 742–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ec-12-2013-0298.

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Purpose – A dust cloud is formed by a high-pressure air blast in dust explosion experiments in the spherical 20 L chamber. The state of the dust cloud has a significant impact on the dust explosion. However, it is difficult to observe the dust distribution in the chamber during the dust dispersion. Numerical simulation was used to examine the dust distribution in the chamber with the rebound nozzle in this work. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach – Through a series numerical simulations, the influences of the dust particle size and the pressure for dust dispersion on the have been analyzed, and the results are discussed. Findings – Dust in the spherical 20 L chamber is in the state of very intensifying motion within 30 ms from dispersion starting. Dust in the chamber reaches a uniform state beyond 200 ms. The pressure for dust dispersion should be higher than 0.5 MPa for the aluminum dusts of larger than 50. The higher blast pressure is not always applicable to achieve a uniform dispersion. There is a best blast pressure value for a given dust to achieve a uniform dispersion in the spherical 20 L chamber. Research limitations/implications – Dust cloud generation is essential for understanding dust explosions. Dust cloud deflagration parameters depend on the uniformity and concentration of dusts dispersed by a high-pressure air blast. Numerical simulation was used to examine the multiphase flow of the dust air mixture in this work. Through a series numerical simulations, the influences of the dust particle size and the pressure for dust dispersion on the have been analyzed, and the results are discussed. The data are useful for understanding the basics of dust cloud formation. Practical implications – The data are useful for evaluating dust explosion experimental parameters. Originality/value – Dispersible uniformity has a strong impact on measured parameters of dust explosion in a chamber. However, it is difficult to observe the dust particles distribution during the dispersion. Numerical simulation was used to examine the dust particles distribution and its influencing factors during the dispersion in this work. New finding is: the approach to examine the distribution of dust particles dispersed by a high-pressure blast in a chamber; the variation of dispersible uniformity and its influencing factors when dust is injected into the spherical 20 L chamber by high-pressure air blast.

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Nguyen, Quang Van, Thinh Van Nguyen, and Phong Duyen Nguyen. "Study on the Influence of Some Ventilation Parameters on Dust Dispersion in Heading Face Coal Mine Using CFD Numerical Model." Applied Sciences 14, no. 13 (June 28, 2024): 5643. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app14135643.

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Coal dust is one of the environmental factors that seriously affect the health of workers as well as the mining equipment in underground coal mines. At present, coal dust is commonly generated during drilling, blasting, excavation, and transportation processes in mining operations. During mining blasting processes, coal dust is generated with varying particle sizes and high concentration levels. High concentrations of dust will affect mining operations and increase the ventilation time required for mining faces. In addition, coal dust exists in suspended form in the roadway and is harmful to human health, especially fine dust particles that have a negative impact on work efficiency. To improve ventilation efficiency and eliminate coal dust, this article presents a CFD-DPM numerical modeling method that integrates a DEM collision model based on the finite element method to analyze the motion characteristics of airflow and dust particles in the mine tunnel, while considering collisions between particles and between particles and walls. The article analyzes the distribution of wind speed, the dispersion of dust in the space around the roadway, and dust concentrations at distances of 1 m, 3 m, and 6 m from the working personnel and at a position 1.5 m above the roadway floor, corresponding to the breathing zone of the workers, with varying parameters such as velocity and duct position. The results indicate that with a wind velocity of V = 18 m/s and an air duct height h = 3.0 m, the best dust reduction results are achieved, and they provide theoretical guidance for selecting and optimizing ventilation parameters in dust control.

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Skripnik, Igor, Tatyana Kaverzneva, Sergey Ivakhnyuk, Dmitry Savelev, Sergey Panov, and Sergey Kriklivyy. "Study of the characteristics of organic mining materials affecting their explosive properties." E3S Web of Conferences 525 (2024): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202452502014.

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The article analyzes the explosive and fire-hazardous properties of coal dust of various dispersions using the example of coal mine dust. The authors proposed sample preparation methods for obtaining and studying dust fractions with a dispersity of less than 800 microns. The results of a study of the shapes of dust particles are presented. To study the characteristic particle sizes the authors suggested using the optical microscopy method implemented using a LEICA DM 4000 microscope and the “Image Scope Color” information processing application. To assess the reactivity of dust particles, the authors used a simultaneous thermal analysis method implemented using an STA 449 F1 Jupiter with NETZSCH Proteus Software. The results of a thermogravimetric study of narrow fractions of organic coal dust are presented. The influence of dispersion on the explosive properties of dusts has been established. The results obtained showed the need and expediency of further study of precisely fine fractions of explosive dusts of this kind.

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Plumier, Benjamin M., Yumeng Zhao, Mark E. Casada, Ronaldo G. Maghirang, and R. P. Kingsly Ambrose. "Analysis of Corn Dust Particle Properties and How Surface Roughness Influences Adhesion." Transactions of the ASABE 63, no. 5 (2020): 1493–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.13892.

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HighlightsFreshly harvested, higher quality corn samples have a higher proportion of small dust particles with a lower circularity and aspect ratio compared to older, lower quality samples.For freshly harvested grain, dust particles removed at low centrifuge speed were significantly rougher than particles removed at high speed.Lower quality corn did not show a significant decrease in particle roughness for strongly attached dust.The surface area decreased while the surface energy increased with the attachment strength of dust particles.Abstract. High dust concentrations associated with grain handling can cause serious problems, including health and safety risks from dust inhalation and increased risk of explosions due to contained suspended dust in the presence of an ignition source. The amount of dust generated during grain handling is influenced by several factors, including the adhesion strength of dust to the grain. One factor that could influence the adhesion strength of grain dusts is how the dust particles are shaped and how their shape relates to the surface texture of corn. To better understand the properties of dust particles separated from corn samples, dust samples were analyzed for morphology and particle size. In addition, dust samples were separated with different centrifugation speeds to compare the properties of dusts that were strongly or weakly attached to the grain. These samples were observed with a light profilometer to measure their surface roughness characteristics. Results showed that freshly harvested corn samples contained a higher presence of small particles with low circularity than older, lower quality samples. The large particles observed were determined to be starch, as opposed to the smaller particles that were more likely soil or other non-plant-based material. The dust particles that were more strongly attached to corn kernels tended to have lower surface roughness than those that were weakly attached for the freshly harvested grain. Keywords: Dust adhesion, Particle shape, Surface adhesion, Surface roughness.

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Kiefert, L., and GH Mctainsh. "Oxygen isotope abundance in the quartz fraction of aeolian dust: implications for soil and ocean sediment formation in the Australasian region." Soil Research 34, no. 4 (1996): 467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9960467.

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Oxygen isotope ratios of quartz in soils and ocean sediments in the Australasian region have been used to infer aeolian dust contributions; however, few oxygen isotope data are available for Australian dusts. Dust isotope ratios are in the range 13.17–15.1‰, which correlate well with dust-derived soils (13.6–14.5‰) and dust-affected soils (11.6–11.7‰) in Australia, and New Zealand (12.9–13.9‰), and Pacific Ocean sediments of dust origin (12.6–15.8‰). These results provide support for the hypothesis that dust deposition has played an important role in soil and ocean deposit formation in the Australasian region.

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Wang, Shi Bin, Ri Hui Chen, and Xiang Yun Meng. "Study on Dust Hazard in Coal Mine and its Countermeasures." Advanced Materials Research 986-987 (July 2014): 730–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.986-987.730.

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With the development of modern coal mining equipment, high-yield, high efficiency, high-speed mining technology was achieved, but also a sharp increase in the amount of dust generated in the mine at the same time, it damage workers health and bring insecurity to mine production. This paper has summarized the existing domestic and international prevention and control technology of dusts, elaborated mineral dust prevention and control work from the dust control, dust generation and dust diffusion three major aspects, and noted that the current technology trends.

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Vaughan, M., C. Trepte, C. Hostetler, and D. Winker. "Airborne dust distributions over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas derived from the first year of CALIPSO lidar observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 8, no. 2 (March 25, 2008): 5957–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-8-5957-2008.

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Abstract. Airborne dust is a major environmental hazard in Asia. Using an analysis of the first full year of CALIPSO lidar measurements, this paper derives unprecedented, altitude-resolved seasonal distributions of desert dust transported over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the surrounding areas. The CALIPSO lidar observations include numerous large dust plumes over the northern slope and eastern part of the TP, with the largest number of dust events occurring in the spring of 2007, and some layers being lofted to altitudes of 10 km and higher. Generation of the Tibetan airborne dusts appears to be largely associated with source regions to the north and on the eastern part of the plateau. Examination of the CALIPSO time history reveals an "airborne dust corridor" due to the eastward transport of dusts originating primarily in these source areas. This corridor extends from west to east and shows a seasonality largely modulated by the TP through its dynamical and thermal forcing on the atmospheric flows. On the southern side, desert dust particles originate predominately in North India and Pakistan. The dust transport occurs primarily in dry seasons around the TP western and southern slopes and dust particles become mixed with local polluted aerosols. No significant amount of dust appears to be transported over the Himalayas. Extensive forward trajectory simulations are also conducted to confirm the dust transport pattern from the nearby sources observed by the CALIPSO lidar.

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Liu, Z., D. Liu, J. Huang, M. Vaughan, I. Uno, N. Sugimoto, C. Kittaka, et al. "Airborne dust distributions over the Tibetan Plateau and surrounding areas derived from the first year of CALIPSO lidar observations." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 8, no. 16 (August 29, 2008): 5045–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-8-5045-2008.

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Abstract. Using an analysis of the first full year of CALIPSO lidar measurements, this paper derives unprecedented, altitude-resolved seasonal distributions of desert dust transported over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) and the surrounding areas. The CALIPSO lidar observations include numerous large dust plumes over the northern slope and eastern part of the TP, with the largest number of dust events occurring in the spring of 2007, and some layers being lofted to altitudes of 11–12 km. Generation of the Tibetan airborne dusts appears to be largely associated with source regions to the north and on the eastern part of the plateau. Examination of the CALIPSO time history reveals an "airborne dust corridor" due to the eastward transport of dusts originating primarily in these source areas. This corridor extends from west to east and shows a seasonality largely modulated by the TP through its dynamical and thermal forcing on the atmospheric flows. On the southern side, desert dust particles originate predominately in Northwest India and Pakistan. The dust transport occurs primarily in dry seasons around the TP western and southern slopes and dust particles become mixed with local polluted aerosols. No significant amount of dust appears to be transported over the Himalayas. Extensive forward trajectory simulations are also conducted to confirm the dust transport pattern from the nearby sources observed by the CALIPSO lidar. Comparisons with the OMI and MODIS measurements show the unique capability of the CALIPSO lidar to provide unambiguous, altitude-resolved dust measurements.

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Li, Gang, Jinhua Hu, Xiaoli Hao, and Huaidi Qu. "Application and Research of Swirling Curtain Dust Collection Technology in Mines." Applied Sciences 10, no. 6 (March 15, 2020): 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10062005.

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During the production process in mines, large amounts of dusts are produced. The dusts pose a potential hazard to the health and safety of miners. Traditional dust removal methods, such as ventilation, water sprays and foam technology, cannot completely solve the problem of dust pollution, due to low efficiency or high consumption of water or large resistance (>2000 Pa). Therefore, a swirling curtain dust collector (SCDC) was proposed to collect the dust in mines. The device was combined swirling atomization with spray curtain for dust removal. The performance of SCDC was investigated. According to the results, the optimum working condition of the device was: air pressure: 0.35 MPa, water volume: 30 L/h; liquid–gas ratio: 0.15 L/m3; air speed: 14–16 m/s. Under these operation parameters, the suppression efficiency of total dust and respirable dust were over 99.8% and 97%. The proposed device was applied at transfer stations of Luohe Metal Mine in Anhui, China. The application results showed that the dust concentration at the outlet of SCDC in the transfer station is lower than 20 mg/m3, which is stipulated by Chinese standard GB 28661-2012. The proposed device is expected to replace the traditional Venturi wet scrubber in mines.

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26

Islam, Mohammad Tarequl, Tanvir Ahmed Fahim, Mohammad Ali, and Joyeb Hassan. "Thermal Performance Analysis of a Rectangular Finned Heat Sink under Dust Deposition." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 1305, no. 1 (April 1, 2024): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/1305/1/012008.

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Abstract This study investigated the effect of dust deposition on the fin surfaces of a rectangular finned heat sink for natural convection. Therefore, experimental analysis was carried out on two cases, i.e., under fine dust and fiber dust conditions. The experiment was conducted inside a closed duct on the heat sink consisting of 17 fins. After analyzing the data and variation of temperature values at various positions of the fin surfaces, it was observed that the fine dust accumulation had a negligible effect on the thermal performance. However, fiber dust accumulation had a significant effect on the thermal performance. Moreover, the obtained values of Nusselt number were 26.68, 26.21, and 23.75 for natural convection under no dust, fine dust, and fiber dust conditions, respectively. Hence, the amount of heat dissipated by natural convection was minimal under fiber dust conditions.

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27

Jurca, Adrian Marius, Mihaela Părăian, and Niculina Vătavu. "Explosion prevention and mitigation in plants which process, generate and store combustible dusts." MATEC Web of Conferences 354 (2022): 00041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202235400041.

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Combustible dusts which are present in workplaces are a significant hazard which cannot be ignored by the plant owners, managers and workers. Combustible dust deflagrations and explosions have caused large numbers of deaths and catastrophic property damages in various industries, ranging from pharmaceutical plants to sugar factories. One may say that dust explosions in process industries always start inside process equipment such as mills, dryers, filters. Such events may occur in any process in which a combustible dust is handled, produced or stored, and can be triggered by any energy source, including static electricity, friction and hot surfaces. For any combustible dust type, several important parameters have to be taken into account when designing and using protective systems: i.e. the ease with which dust clouds ignite and their burning rates, maximum explosion pressure, maximum rate of explosion pressure rise. These parameters vary considerably depending on the dust type, their knowledge being a first step for carrying out a proper explosion risk assessment in installations which circulate combustible dusts. The paper presents the main aspects concerning explosion protection which have to be taken into account when designing protective systems intended to be used in explosive atmospheres generated by combustible dusts and the importance of selecting the proper explosion protection technique.

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Majka, Jerzy, Maciej Sydor, Marta Pędzik, Petar Antov, Ľuboš Krišťák, Richard Kminiak, Martin Kučerka, and Tomasz Rogoziński. "Quantifying the finest particles in dust fractions created during the sanding of untreated and thermally modified beech wood." BioResources 17, no. 1 (November 2, 2021): 7–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.17.1.7-20.

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This article deals with the fractionation of wood dust by sieve after sanding. Dust from untreated beechwood was compared to dust from thermally modified beechwood (at 200 °C for 3 h). The authors hypothesized that the thermal modification changes the particle size distributions of the dust sieve fractions and that all the dust sieve fractions contain the finest particles, which are suspendable in the air and are potentially respirable. To obtain dust for testing, both wood materials were sanded with P120 paper at a belt speed of 14.5 m/s and a pressure of 0.65 N/cm2. A set of sieves with aperture sizes of 25, 80, and 250 µm were used to separate the dust into sieve fractions with grain sizes less than 25 µm, 25 to 80 µm, 80 to 250 µm, and greater than 250 µm. The content of the finest particles in the fractions was measured via a laser particle sizer. Both dusts had similar particle size distributions. In addition, each investigated fraction of both dusts contained the finest particles, i.e., less than 10 µm. It follows that the laser analysis method may be necessary to correctly assess the occupational risk at a sanding.

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29

Ameen, M., I. Ahmad, and Q. Rahman. "Pulmonary toxicity of dust generated during weaving of carpets." Human & Experimental Toxicology 21, no. 12 (December 2002): 667–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/0960327102ht312oa.

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The dust generated during weaving (carpet dust) tibbati, knotted and tuffted carpets in carpet industry was studied for its toxicity in vitro and in vivo. Carpet dust (0.5, 1.0, 2.5 and 5.0 mg/1£10 6 cells) caused in vitro cytotoxicity in rat alveolar macrophages (AM) in a concentration-dependent manner. The cytotoxic, inflammatory and oxidative responses were observed in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of rats at 1, 4, 8 and 16 days after exposure. Rats were intratracheally exposed at 5 mg/rat individually to all three types of carpet dust. All types of carpet dusts produced increased AM, lymphocytes (PMN) population in BALF suggesting their inflammatory reactions. Cytotoxic nature of carpet dust was shown by the increased activities of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and acid phosphatase (AP) in BALF. Increased AM population and in vitro cytotoxicity due to carpet dusts have shown some correlation with the levels of LDH and AP activities in BALF. The gradual enhanced profile of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and nitric oxide (NO) along with depletion of reduced glutathione (GSH) in AM due to these carpet dusts are suggestive of their oxidant nature. The enzyme activities of both glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) in AM were marginally reduced in exposed rats. In conclusion, the data suggest the cytotoxic, inflammatory and oxidant nature of carpet dusts. It is extrapolated that health effects on carpet weavers would be associated with the concentration and nature of airborne dust generated during weaving of carpets

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Kukfisz, Bożena, and Robert Piec. "The Fire and Explosion Hazard of Coloured Powders Used during the Holi Festival." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 21 (October 21, 2021): 11090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111090.

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During the world-famous Holi festival, people throw and smear each other with a colored powder (Holi color, Holi powder, Gulal powder). Until now, adverse health and environmental effects (skin and eye irritation, air pollution, and respiratory problems) have been described in the available literature. However, the literature lacks data on the flammable and explosive properties of these powders during mass events, despite the fact that burns, fires, and explosions during the Holi festival have taken place many times. The aim of the article is to present the fire and explosion parameters of three currently used Holi dust and cornflour dust types as reference dust. The minimum ignition temperature of the dust layer and dust cloud, the maximum explosion pressure and its maximum rate of growth over time, the lower explosion limit, the limit of oxygen concentration, and the minimum ignition energy were determined. Tests confirmed that the currently available Holi powders should be classified as flammable dusts and low-explosive dusts. The likelihood of a fire or explosion during mass incidents involving a Holi dust-air mixture is high.

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Allen, S. E., and J. M. Desmarchelier. "A method for determination of inorganic dust content of grain in the presence of grain dust." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 37, no. 4 (1997): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea96049.

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Summary. A method was developed for the determination of insecticidal ‘inert dusts’, particularly the diatomaceous earth product Dryacide, on grain. The method was also evaluated for another physical insecticide, magnesite, and 2 standard clays, bentonite and kaolin. The method consists of isolation of dusts (both inert dust and grain dust) from grain, followed by density centrifugation and ashing of the bottom pellet. The ash content of the bottom pellet is linearly related to the percentage inorganic dust in grain dust (w/w). The method can serve 2 functions. First, it can quantify total inorganic ash. Second, it can quantify the total amount of a specific inorganic additive, for example, Dryacide, thus enabling studies on the fate of inorganic additives during grain processing.

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Agarwal, A. K., and G. Prasad. "Observation of dust–dust scattering and molecule formation in a dusty plasma." Physics Letters A 341, no. 5-6 (June 2005): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2005.05.002.

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33

VERHEEST, FRANK, P. K. SHUKLA, N. N. RAO, and PETER MEURIS. "Dust-acoustic waves in self-gravitating dusty plasmas with fluctuating dust charges." Journal of Plasma Physics 58, no. 1 (July 1997): 163–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022377897005722.

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It is shown that the recently published work of Pandey and Dwivedi [J. Plasma Phys. 55, 395 (1996)] dealing with dust-acoustic waves in a self-gravitating unmagnetized dusty plasma is erroneous. This is demonstrated on the basis of a dispersion relation in which gravitational and electrostatic forces are kept on an equal footing. Furthermore, a general linear dispersion relation for the dust-acoustic and dust-ion acoustic waves in self-gravitating dusty plasmas is obtained, taking into account the dust-charge perturbations. Specific results for limiting cases are discussed.

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34

Soćko, Renata. "Wood dust – inhalable fraction. Documentation of proposed values of occupational exposure limits (OELs)." Podstawy i Metody Oceny Środowiska Pracy 37, no. 2 (June 25, 2021): 27–130. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.9942.

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Wood is a raw material of the wood industry. Exposure to dust from deciduous trees (hardwood) or from a mixture with coniferous species (softwood) is correlated with nasopharyngeal adenocarcinomas. Occupational asthma is the result of actions of the biologically active compounds pre¬sent in some wood species (both hardwood and softwood). Hardwood and softwood dusts may impair clear airway, resulting in chronic lung disease. Taking into account the health effects and the socio-economic conditions of enterprises presented by the European Commission, we propose to lower the current TLV value from 3 mg/m3 to 2 mg/m3 for the inhalable fraction of wood dust, with the note that the TLV value applies to all types of wood dust. The proposed value corresponds to the binding value proposed by the European Commission (BOELV) for the inhalable fraction of hardwood dusts set at 2 mg/m3, taking into account the socio-economic conditions of enterprises. This value will apply in Poland and EU countries from January 18, 2023. The Commission of the European Union included research on exposure to hard and mixed wood dust to technological processes classified as carcino¬genic to humans (Directive 2017/2398/EC) and indicating that if there is a mixture of hardwood dust with other wood dust then MAC refers to the total wood dust present in the mixture. Due to the fact that wood dusts are carcinogenic, mutagenic and cause pneumoco¬niosis, the determination of STEL values is unjustified. Wood dust was labeled as a carcinogen with Annex 1 to the Regulation of Ministry of Health, and with letter “A” because of possible sensitization.

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35

Jaeger, Lowell. "Dust to Dust." Iowa Review 39, no. 2 (October 2009): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.6717.

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36

Hd., J., and Aaron Sachs. "Dust to Dust." Population (French Edition) 49, no. 3 (May 1994): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1533996.

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37

WAGONER, DAVID. "DUST TO DUST." Yale Review 101, no. 1 (2013): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tyr.2013.0048.

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38

Elgaard, Elín, and Timothy Findley. "Dust to Dust." World Literature Today 72, no. 2 (1998): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/40153840.

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39

Oness, C. Mikal. "Dust to Dust." Iowa Review 28, no. 2 (July 1998): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.17077/0021-065x.5020.

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40

Vass, Arpad A. "Dust to Dust." Scientific American 303, no. 3 (September 2010): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican0910-56.

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41

Scholes, M. C., and R. J. Scholes. "Dust Unto Dust." Science 342, no. 6158 (October 31, 2013): 565–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1244579.

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42

Anonymous. "Dust to dust." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 75, no. 27 (1994): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo075i027p00306-02.

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43

LeBoit, Philip E. "Dust to Dust." American Journal of Dermatopathology 27, no. 3 (June 2005): 277–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000372-200506000-00022.

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44

McGuire, Coreen. "Dust to dust." Lancet Respiratory Medicine 7, no. 5 (May 2019): 383–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2213-2600(19)30116-x.

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45

Philpotts, Andrew. "Dust to dust." New Scientist 195, no. 2611 (July 2007): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(07)61704-7.

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46

Zimmerman, Howard, and R. Cowen. "Dust to Dust." Science News 170, no. 9 (August 26, 2006): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4017136.

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47

WAGONER, DAVID. "DUST TO DUST." Yale Review 101, no. 1 (December 21, 2012): 112–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/yrev.12013.

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48

Wood, Robert Muir. "DUST TO DUST." Terra Nova 3, no. 3 (May 1991): 331–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1991.tb00152.x.

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49

Boddy, Tim. "Dust to dust." New Scientist 260, no. 3467 (December 2023): 24–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(23)02239-x.

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50

Wise, James T. F., Hong Xie, John Pierce Wise, Michael Mason, Antony Jeevarajan, William Wallace, and John Pierce Wise. "Comparative Toxicity of Lunar, Martian Dust Simulants, and Urban Dust in Human Skin Fibroblast Cells." Gravitational and Space Research 3, no. 1 (July 1, 2015): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gsr-2015-0005.

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ABSTRACT The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has plans to further their manned space exploration to Mars and possibly beyond. The potential toxicity of lunar and Martian dusts to astronauts is a big concern. Primary routes of exposure for astronauts are dermal contact, ocular contact, and inhalation. In this study, we focused on dermal contact exposure using human skin cells to investigate the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of two fractions of lunar dust simulant (JSC-1A-vf, JSC-1A-f) and a Mars dust simulant (Mars-1A), and compared them to urban dust (urban particulate matter), as urban dust toxicity is better understood and thus, provides a good comparison. Our data show the three simulants and urban dust are cytotoxic to human skin cells. The JSC-1A-vf lunar dust simulant is more cytotoxic than the JSC-1A-f and urban dust. Urban dust cytotoxicity is similar to Mars dust simulant after 120 h exposure. All three dust simulants and urban dust show similar low genotoxicity effects. Our data suggest extraterrestrial dust can damage skin cells and may have the potential to be harmful to humans.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dust'

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