Academic literature on the topic 'Dust Environmental aspects'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dust Environmental aspects"
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Dudar, Tamara V., Olga V. Titarenko, Alla N. Nekos, Olena V. Vysotska, and Andrii P. Porvan. "Some aspects of environmental hazard due to uranium mining in Ukraine." Journal of Geology, Geography and Geoecology 30, no. 1 (April 7, 2021): 34–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/112104.
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Some aspects of environmental hazard within uranium mining areas are considered. The uranium content in the environment components (rocks, soils, underground and surface waters) of the central part of the Ukrainian Shield within and beyond the uranium mining area is analyzed on the example of the Michurinske ore field. It is emphasized that man-made sources of natural origin should be considered more broadly than just waste dumps from uranium mining and processing enterprises. These are sources of ionizing radiation of natural origin, which have been subjected to concentration or their accessibility has been increased because of anthropogenic activity. Additional irradiation to the natural radiation background is formed. Waste dumps of uranium mining are considered as sources of potential dust pollution in the surface layers of atmosphere with fine dust containing uranium, its decay products and associated elements. The area of waste dumps is calculated using space images. Uranium accumulates in the dusty fraction, where its content is 0.01-0.06%. Taking into account the geological and geochemical characteristics of uranium deposits, radioactive elements, heavy metals and other associated elements of uranium mineralization are car- ried out of the dumps by winds and atmospheric waters with their subsequent migration into environment components. A mathematical model of potential dust air pollution in the area of long-term operation of the oldest uranium mine is presented for the summer 2019. In total, 15 factors influencing the potential threat of air dust pollution are considered and analyzed. The mathematical model is developed on the basis of the method of discriminant functions. To assess the degree of the model parameters informativeness, one-factor covariance analysis is used. It allows assessing the degree of a single sign influence on the prediction result. The developed model takes into account the area of waste dumps, uranium content in the dust fraction and wind direction southeast and/or east as the most hazardous for the study area. The model allows determining correctly the level of potential threat of air dust pollution in 96.3% ± 3.6% of all cases.
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Száková, J., J. Sysalová, and P. Tlustoš. "Particular aspects of environmental impact of potentially risk elements from airborne particulate matter." Plant, Soil and Environment 51, No. 8 (November 19, 2011): 376–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/3613-pse.
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Two simple experiments were carried out to demonstrate two possible ways of environmental impact of element contents in airborne particulate matter. In the first part of the experiment, the response of three rural dust samples applied into the soil were assessed in pot experiment to observe uptake of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn by aboveground biomass of oat (Avena sativa L.). Although the element contents in dust samples exceeded significantly total element contents in soil, the element content in plants was not affected by single-rate soil amendment with rural dust sample. Soil sorption capacity and neutral pH of the experimental soil (7.0) was sufficient for immobilization of the elements. However, potentially mobilizable portions (0.005 mol/l DTPA extractable) of elements significantly increased (Cd by 116%, Pb by 39%, Zn by 50%) in the treated soil, which suggests a possible release of these elements in long-term horizon. On the contrary, high percentages of potentially toxic elements (Cd, Zn, Ni) in the most mobile (exchangeable) fractions were determined in the second part of investigation in two urban dust samples collected in Prague Letná automobile tunnel, and Prague subway station Museum. These results suggest possible direct impact of mobile, and thus potentially bio-available, element fractions on human environment. The results of both particular experiments cannot give complete information concerning behavior of harmful pollutants in airborne particulate matter and their influence on human health. They can however indicate two of possible ways of environmental pollution with this material. Yet, it would require a more detailed investigation in future.
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Игнатова, A. Ignatova, Папин, A. Papin, Солодов, and V. Solodov. "Environmental and Technological Aspects of Coke Dust Recycling as Fuel Briquettes." Safety in Technosphere 2, no. 2 (April 25, 2013): 66–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/329.
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Technological schemes related to production of fuel briquettes on the basis of such waste of coke and chemical industries as coke dust and coke sludge are considered. The quality assessment results of produced fuel briquettes are presented.
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Huljek, Laura, Sabina Strmić Palinkaš, Željka Fiket, and Hana Fajković. "Environmental Aspects of Historical Ferromanganese Tailings in the Šibenik Bay, Croatia." Water 13, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 3123. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13213123.
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The former manganese ferroalloy plant and the remaining tailings are affecting the quality of the environment in Šibenik Bay, Croatia, even though industrial activities ceased more than 25 years ago. This study has revealed that the main manganese mineral phases present in the recently collected tailings, as well as in the dust collected on the roof of the plant during the production period, are bustamite and Mn-oxides. The same type of Mn mineral phases was also found in recently collected sediments from Šibenik Bay. Detailed chemical and phase analyses (XRD, BCR sequential analysis, aqua regia and lithium borate fusion) of the dust sample revealed high manganese values (24.1%), while granulometric analysis showed that 50% of the particles are smaller than PM2.5. The influence of the tailings is visible in the sediment, but the concentrations of the potentially toxic elements determined by the sequential BCR analysis are within the legal limits. Some higher values (20.3 g/kg Mn, 595 mg/kg Pb and 494 mg/kg Zn) are detected in the tailings, which are still exposed to weathering and as such should be additionally monitored. On the other hand, this material contains a considerable number of elements that could be considered lucrative (∑ REE up to 700 mg/kg, Mn up to 23 g/kg, Fe up to 37 g/kg and Al up to 25 g/kg), opening the possibility of reuse and recovery.
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Ciobanu, Cristian, Gheorghe Voicu, Irina Aura Istrate, and Paula Tudor. "Aspects Regarding Polluting Emissions to the Stack of Clincher Ovens in Romanian Cement Factories." Advanced Engineering Forum 42 (September 7, 2021): 159–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.42.159.
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The paper presents an analysis of the flow of flue gases and dust in the area of the clinker kiln and in the area of the flour mill, as well as emission data for the last three consecutive years at the flour mill stack - clinker kiln, from some cement factories in Romania. In general, both emissions of dust (total powders) and pollutant gases (SOx, NOx, CO, dioxins and furans, VOC, heavy metals, etc.) were within the permissible limits set out in the Integrated Environmental Permit of the individual plants.
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Ma, Jing Yi, Xing Yu Chen, and Wei Su. "Environmental Evaluation for Three Typical MSW Incineration Based on Life Cycle Assessment." Advanced Materials Research 850-851 (December 2013): 1360–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.850-851.1360.
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Garbage incineration is an effective minimization and resource processing methods, but there are no comparative analysises about the environmental impact of incineration processes. To investigate the environmental impacts of three typical MSW incineration processes, we modeled scenarios, calculated energy consumed and six aspects which classified as GWP, ODP, AP, EP, POCP and DUST. The classification results showed the value of the environment impact potential respectively. The impact potential of heat recover-dry absorption processes according to normalized results in descending order is GWP>EP>DUST>AP>POCP>ODP, in contrast the rank of heat recover-wet absorption and semidry processes is GWP>EP>AP>DUST>POCP>ODP, global warming impacts is the most significant penitential factor. The rank of impact potential according to weight factor in descending order is GWP>EP>DUST>AP>ODP>POCP. Dust potential became more significant. The weight factor of Dust is almost twice as much as that of AP. This is because there is a large gap between baseline level and the target level, the solid-waste are the focus of control in these years. In environmental terms, the environmental depletion index of heat recover-dry absorption process is lowest with minimal environmental impact and the heat recover-wet absorption process is the highest with largest environmental impact. The incineration with dry absorption program is the best environment-friendly process in term of environmental impact. Utilization of waste water and reducing total amount of water entering the system can effectively reduce the environmental implication for both HW and HS processes.
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Volchyn, I. A., A. O. Yasynetskyi, and Wlodzimierz Przybylski. "ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF GREEN AMMONIA ROLE IN UKRAINIAN ENERGY SECTOR." Energy Technologies & Resource Saving, no. 2 (June 17, 2022): 76–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.33070/etars.2.2022.07.
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Ammonia production using traditional Haber-Bosch technology using natural gas or coal emits large amounts of carbon dioxide and consumes a significant amount of electricity, its generation consumes a lot of fossil fuel and produces a large amount of emissions of pollutants and CO2. The transition to the production of "green" ammonia with the help of electricity from renewable energy sources and nuclear power plants will require a significant increase in their capacity. This will not only avoid CO2 emissions from NH3 production, but also avoid emissions of pollutants and greenhouse gases at thermal power plants by replacing their capacity with "green" capacity. Ammonia as a fuel has environmental advantages over traditional fuels, as it does not emit dust, sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. Only nitrogen oxides are formed, the emissions of which are reduced by the use of selective reduction technologies. Promising combustion of mixtures of ammonia and hydrogen. Co-combustion of coal and ammonia in existing boilers can significantly reduce emissions of pollutants and CO2. Bibl. 18, fig. 2, table. 2.
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Gubernskiy, Yu D., V. N. Fedoseeva, A. K. Makovetskaya, N. V. Kalinina, and T. G. Fedoskova. "ECOLOGICAL AND HYGIENIC ASPECTS OF THE SENSITIZATION RATE OF THE POPULATION IN A RESIDENTIAL ENVIRONMENT." Hygiene and sanitation 96, no. 5 (March 27, 2019): 414–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18821/0016-9900-2017-96-5-414-417.
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There are considered ecological-hygienic aspects of the sensitization rate of population in residential environmental. The considerable part of the life of a person passes in conditions of residential environmental, he is exposed to the whole complex of sensitizing factors, with the house dust being the most important among these factors. Results. According to results of our research, the greatest number of allergic reactions was noted under the contact with domestic, pollen and epidermal allergens. In the structure of allergic diseases in the population the most frequent were allergic rhinitis and allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. The overwhelming majority of observed cases was shown to suffer from functional disorders of the autonomic nervous system, gastrointestinal tract, and there was also observed the presence of chronic foci of inflammation. As a result of the executed comprehensive hygienic evaluation of the quality of residential environment there was established that in conditions of residential and public buildings the array of chemicals also had allergical effect on population. Discussion. The complex chemical pollutants of the residential environment in isolation was shown to fail to exert anaphylactogenic activity, whereas in complex with house dust allergen there are revealed the decline in immunological indices of the nonspecific resistance and inhibition of functional activity of T-suppressors, and amplification of immediate hypersensitivity in condition of impact of allergical complex of domestic dust. The existence of disorders of different functional systems of organism also provokes the development of the state of the hypersensitivity of population. Conclusions. The sensitization of the population was shown to be directly affected by the combined effect on human sensitization with allergenic components of house dust and chemical pollutants. Factors contributing to the development and occurrence of allergic pathologies among the population include: the level of chemical contamination of residential environment, various functional disorders of the body systems, which give rise in increased sensitization of the population.
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Shteiner, M. L., A. V. Zhestkov, and N. E. Lavrentieva. "Some aspects of management of patients with occupational chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: the value of bronchoscopy." Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology, no. 9 (March 19, 2020): 817. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2019-59-9-817-818.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common disease that could lead to death. Pathogenesis of COPD involves both genetic and environmental factors. Such unfavorable production factors as dust, smoke, toxic and biologically active substances are the causes of disease in 15% of cases.
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Semenenko, V. P., A. L. Girich, K. O. Shkurenko, and N. V. Kychan. "MACROCHONDRULES IN SOME CHONDRITES: 2. GENETIC ASPECTS." Mineralogical Journal 43, no. 3 (2021): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mineraljournal.43.03.054.
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An electron microscopic and microprobe study of the macrochondrules from the chondrites Allende CV3, Krymka LL3.1, Saratov L4, "Velyka Balka" L4-5 and Château-Renard L6 allow to clear some aspects of their formation. The main of them are following: 1) The texture and mineral composition of the majority of the macrochondrules does not differ from those of ordinary chondrules, thus indicating a similarity in formation conditions, 2) It is shown for the first time that the SiO2/MgO and FeO/(FeO+MgO) ratios of the fine-grained rims of the macrochondrules and one`s of chondrules in the Krymka meteorite are well correlated. This indicates to their coexistence in the same dusty environment of the protoplanetary nebula, 3) The unique characteristics of the two firstly found macrochondrules allowed us to detail conditions of their formation and existence in the protoplanetary nebula. A polyzonal graphite-bearing macrochondrule from the Krymka meteorite formed by accretional growth in a mineralogically variable dusty environment. Its complex evolutional history involved remelting and selective evaporation of the macrochondrule surface layer, accretion of an environmental dust, late formation of a fine-grained rim and migratory intrusion of an organic protomaterial and finally a metamorphic event that produced graphite. The melted surface of a macrochondrule from the Allende chondrite was notably affected by high-energy processes and instantaneous cooling in the protoplanetary nebula, 4) The rarity of macrochondrules in chondrites compared to typical chondrules is probably related to their priority destruction. This was caused by permanent movement and collision between them and other solid objects in the pre-agglomeration period of meteorite development.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dust Environmental aspects"
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Yim, Ho-leung Alan, and 嚴可亮. "Unleader petrol and lead in roadside dust: a Hong Kong context." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1994. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31253003.
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Meskhidze, Nicholas. "Iron mobilization in mineral dust and the possible effect of Asian pollution on C-uptake in North Pacific Ocean." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004:, 2003. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-04082004-180333/unrestricted/meskhidze%5fnicholas%5f200312%5fphd.pdf.
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Huang, Minjuan. "Risk assessments of human exposure to metal(loid)s via urban dust and airborne particles in Guangzhou, South China." HKBU Institutional Repository, 2013. http://repository.hkbu.edu.hk/etd_ra/1494.
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Martin, Paul Craig. "Radiological impact assessment of uranium mining and milling." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2000.
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Guenoune, Yanis. "Exposition aux bactéries environnementales dans l’habitat : méthodes de mesure et impacts sur la santé des occupants." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN1B061/document.
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La qualité de l’air des environnements intérieurs est essentielle pour la santé. Le manque de renouvellement d’air et l’humidité dans les habitats favorise la prolifération microbienne. Les effets sur la santé sont multiples et souvent associés à des maladies chroniques respiratoires, tel que l’asthme. Ces effets sont plus ou moins graves selon le niveau d’exposition et la vulnérabilité des occupants et le rôle des moisissures est pointé. Cependant, le manque d’outils valides permettant d’évaluer quantitativement l’exposition aux bactéries environnementales constitue une des principales difficultés pour mieux appréhender leur impact sur la santé humaine. Un protocole expérimental basé sur les techniques culturales a été développé et testé au laboratoire pour mesurer la survie des bactéries dans des poussières domestiques collectées au sol. L’analyse de ces poussières a permis de déterminer le temps de survie des bactéries testées. Cependant, les méthodes culturales actuelles sont limitées et n’apportent pas assez d’informations sur la composition de la flore bactérienne dans l’habitat. L’utilisation des méthodes moléculaires, tel que le séquençage haut débit, est nécessaire pour y remédier. Par ailleurs, les poussières domestiques pourraient constituer un substrat intégrateur de l’exposition chronique des occupants. Outre le développement, la standardisation, et la validation d’outils de mesure, une approche globale de sensibilisation et de prévention du risque d’exposition aux contaminants des environnements intérieurs est recommandée, en particulier chez les populations vulnérablesIndoor air quality is essential for health. Lack of ventilation and presence of humidity in habitats promotes microbial growth. The health effects are multiple and often associated with chronic respiratory diseases, such as asthma. These effects are more or less serious depending on the level of exposure and the vulnerability of occupants and the role of mold is pointed out. However, the lack of valid tools for quantitatively assessing exposure to environmental bacteria is one of the main difficulties in better understanding their impact on human health. An experimental protocol based on cultural techniques was developed and tested in the laboratory to measure the survival of bacteria in domestic dust collected on the ground. The analysis of these dusts made it possible to determine the survival time of the bacteria tested. However, current culture methods are limited and do not provide enough information on the composition of the bacterial flora in the habitat. The use of molecular methods, such as high throughput sequencing, is needed to address this. In addition, domestic dust could be an integrating substrate for chronic occupant exposure. In addition to the development, standardization, and validation of measurement tools, a comprehensive approach to raising awareness and preventing the risk of indoor exposure to contaminants is recommended, particularly for vulnerable populations
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Kefeni, Kebede Keterew. "Brominated flame retardant concentrations in office and household dust in South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000564.
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Thesis (DTech. degree: Environmental Management)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2012.Discusses polybromobiphenyls (PBBs) and polybromodiphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are among brominated flame retardants commonly used as additive flame retardants and are now well-known pollutants. They can easily be released from household and office materials if present and tend to settle on dust. Of all the PBDEs congeners, the detection of BDE-209 is considerably more difficult than the lower congeners. Furthermore, there is no available data on the presence of PBBs and PBDEs in indoor dust in South Africa, and, therefore, it was deemed necessary to conduct the present study.
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Joubert, J. M. (Jacobus Marthinus). "Optimising fall out dust monitoring at a cement manufacturing plant." Thesis, 2012. http://encore.tut.ac.za/iii/cpro/DigitalItemViewPage.external?sp=1000566.
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Thesis (MTech. degree in Environmental Health)--Tshwane University of Technology, 2012.Fall out dust sampling and monitoring is becoming one of the preferred methods to determine dust pollution impact from industries/or mines on the receiving environment. Fall out dust monitoring is a useful and cost effective method of providing trend analysis of dust deposition over a period of time. It also provides an indication of the main areas of dust generation and can be conducted for both health and nuisance purposes.The aim of the study was to develop a positioning guideline for fall out dust monitoring equipment in order to optimise the existing fall out dust programme.
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Kekana, Mokoko Percy. "Non-occupational exposure to silica dust at ga-Maja village in Polokwane, Limpopo Province." Thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1383.
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Thesis (MPH.) --University of Limpopo, 2006Studies conducted on people who reside next to dust producing mines and industries show major health risks. Air pollutants from the mine and industries are inhaled by exposed miners and people who live in the vicinity (Steenland, 1995). Aim The aim of the study is to investigate non-occupational exposure to silica dust at gaMaja village in Polokwane, Limpopo Province. Methodology Study design For this study a cross sectional descriptive study design was used. Study site The study was conducted at gaMaja village near Polokwane in the Limpopo Province Sampling A total sample of 200 villagers participated in the present study. vi Data Collection Two hundred questionnaires were used to collect survey data and were coupled with four dust deposition gauges. The four gauges were mounted at four different positions in the village and were left for six hours. Data Analysis Questionnaires were analysed using SPSS computer software to determine silica-related illnesses and indicators of exposure to silicosis susceptibility. Dust samples from dust deposition gauges were analysed using a Varian 110 atomic absorption spectrometer for determination of silicon. Results The majority of both male and female participants reported that they do not wheeze (81.4%) or bring out phlegm from their chest (71.4%) as compared to those who reported episodes of cough (48%). Gauges were able to identify exposure to a particular pollutant, silica dust, and were successful.Discussion Data from questionnaires revealed that villagers do not show signs and symptoms related to silicosis, however, that does not rule out infection in a long run. The results from dust samples that were collected reveal that there are traces of silica (crystabolite) in the village of gaMaja. Dust samples were collected during normal production at the mine in the middle of summer. Conclusion Findings from this study show that people residing next to dust producing mines and industries are at high risk of health hazard. Mining companies and policy makers should take note of the findings while planning preventive strategies for reduction of air pollutants.
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Aponso, G. Lalith M. "Exposure and health risk assessment for farmers occupationally exposed to chlorpyrifos in Sri Lanka and drinking water and house dust analysis for chlorpyrifos." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/29855.
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Nkala, Bongani Alphouse. "Toxicological analysis of house dust collected from selected Durban residental buildings." Thesis, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10413/7492.
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Indoor air quality is described as the chemical, physical and biological characteristics of air in a residential or occupational indoor environment. In residential settings, there are many contributions to indoor pollution levels namely; human activities, biological sources and outdoor air. There has been increased focus on house dust due to its potential to contain biological and chemical pollutants in indoor environments. These have the potential to cause harm to human health. The purpose of this study was to conduct toxicological analysis of house dust collected from inside selected Durban residential buildings. The objectives of this study were to isolate, identify and quantify mould occurrence in house dust samples; to measure the occurrence of heavy metals (arsenic, lead and mercury) in house dust; and to analyse the cytotoxicity of house dust on human lung bronchus carcinoma epithelial line (A549) and human lung bronchus virus transformed epithelial cell line (BBM). One hundred and five house dust samples were obtained from households that participated in the South Durban Health Study. In each home, a sample of settled dust was collected, using standardized protocols, then sieved and individually packed into polystyrene bags. The samples were taken from three surface areas namely; living room couches, bed mattresses, and carpets. Well documented methods were used for the isolation, identification and quantification of mould. The samples for heavy metals analysis were sent to Umgeni Water (chemistry laboratory, Pietermaritzburg) where standardised methods were used. Human cell lines were treated with five different dilutions of each house dust extract. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay. Toxic effects of house dust extract were analyzed, following house dust extract treatment and cells were stained with double dye (annexin-V- and propidium iodide) and analysed with flow cytometry, and fluorescent microscope. Cytokines were analysed by Microbionix (Neuried, German) using a Luminex®100 plate reader for multiplex human cytokines analysis. There were (n=128) mould types isolated and (n=105) were identified, of which (n=10) were
predominately isolated moulds. This was further confirmed by Allerton Provincial Laboratory in Pietermaritzburg. Among the isolated genera in all three surface areas, Rhizopus spp and Penicillium spp were widely distributed throughout surface areas in greater proportion. The
overall highest mean which was reported in this study and expressed in colony forming unit per gram (CFU/g) for Penicillium spp ranged (3400 - 62316 CFU/g) obtained from living room couches, followed by Rhizopus spp (5200 - 15990 CFU/g). The mould results were compared
with the South African Occupational Health and Safety Act (OHSA) 85 of 1993 as amended suggested guidelines of 1,000, 000 CFU/g. The findings of this study suggest the moulds in the homes studied were below the suggested guideline. However, this does not imply that the indoor conditions are unsafe or hazardous. Instead, the findings act as an indicator of moulds presence indoors. The type of airborne mould, its concentration and extent of exposure and the health status of the occupants of a building will determine the health effects on an individual.
Heavy metals were detected in the dust in the following ascending order: arsenic (As) ranged from 1.3 ug/g -18.4 ug/g (mean, 4.26 ug/g), lead (Pb) ranged from 28.0 - 872 ug/g (mean 171.66 ug/g), and mercury (Hg) ranged from 0.6 -19.0 ug/g (mean, 2.22 ug/g). The mean concentration of lead in the dust was within the range of Canadian National Classification guidelines on residential contamination (500 ug/g). There was numerous numbers of samples in this study that exceeded these guidelines. The mean concentration of arsenic was within residential soil guidelines (20 ug/g). Mercury was within limits when compared with Global Hg project guidelines of soil/residential (6.6 ug/g), thought some of samples were notably above this mean. The ability of house dust extract to lower the cell viability which was slightly above 80% (prior treatment) to less than 50% (post treatment) in both cells was observed in this study. The findings in this study showed that dust extract are toxic to human cell lines, and cells undergone a degree of apoptosis and necrosis 62% (A549) and 99% (BBM). The cytokines serve an important role in the non-specific defence external against insults. It was observed that A549 cells up-regulated the release of IL-6 and IL-8 pro-inflammatory cytokines and under-regulated the release of other cytokines analysed (IL-4, IL-13, and TNF-a). BBM cells released IL-4, IL-8 and IL-13 within limit of detection. The presence of moulds in these sampled indoor household dusts, which is comparable with findings elsewhere indoors, show that moulds act as an indicator for building conditions such as dampness, which supports mould growth. Individuals, whether they are sensitized or not, may develop allergic reactions towards spores, thus the elevated numbers of spores quantified in this study are of concern. Some of the heavy metals reported in this study were higher or marginally higher than international norms and guidelines. The findings in this study strongly suggest that house dust extract is toxic to human lung cell lines. It must be noted, however, that this study may not reflect all that happens when a human lung is exposed to house dust. The findings of this study could contribute to the development of South African indoor air guidelines. In conclusion further study needed to be undertaken with respect to air pollution disease such as allergic; the reason being this study shown the reduced expression of cytokines that are involved in allergic inflammation.Thesis (M.Med.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.
Books on the topic "Dust Environmental aspects"
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S, El-Shobokshy Mohammad, ed. Predicting and measuring fugitive dust. Lancaster, Pa: Technomic Pub. Co., 1985.
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Palmgren, Muriel S. Environmental toxicants in grain dusts. New Orleans, La.?: Southern Regional Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, 1985.
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Zwoździak, Jerzy. Metody identyfikacji źródeł emisji pyłów i oceny ich oddziaływania. Wrocław: Wydawn. Politechniki Wrocławskiej, 1986.
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Cecala, Andrew B. Impact of background sources on dust exposure of bag machine operator. Avondale, Md: U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Bureau of Mines, 1986.
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Iburg, Joachim. Messung und Interpretation der räumlichen, zeitlichen und witterungsabhängigen Variation der anorganischen Komponenten in luftgetragenen Stäuben. Frankfurt/M: Wissenschafts-Verlag W. Maraun, 1991.
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Amiante: Le dossier de l'air contaminé. [Paris]: Editions Le Pré aux Clercs, 1996.
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Addo, Jonathan Q. Road dust suppression: Effect on maintenance stability, safety and the environment, phases 1-3. Fargo, N.D.]: Mountain-Plains Consortium, 2004.
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Lamb, H. H. Volcanic loading: The dust veil index. Oak Ridge, Tenn: Oak Ridge National Laboratory, 1985.
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Shao jie yan qi jing hua ji shu. Beijing Shi: Hua xue gong ye chu ban she, 2009.
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Falgout, Dennis A. Environmental release of asbestos from commercial product shaping. Cincinnati, OH: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Water Engineering Research Laboratory, 1985.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Dust Environmental aspects"
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Maly, E. R., N. H. Seemayer, H. Behrendt, N. Manojlovic, and F. E. Maly. "Description of a Granulocyte Activating Mediator from Quartz-and Coal Mine Dust Exposed Human Monocytes/Macrophages : New Aspects in Pathogenesis of Pneumoconiosis." In Environmental Hygiene II, 99–103. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-46712-7_23.
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Villante, Umberto. "Aspects of the Morning/Afternoon Asymmetry of Geomagnetic Fluctuations at Middle and Low Frequencies." In Dawn-Dusk Asymmetries in Planetary Plasma Environments, 155–69. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119216346.ch12.
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Munsif, Rabia, Muhammad Zubair, Ayesha Aziz, and Muhammad Nadeem Zafar. "Industrial Air Emission Pollution: Potential Sources and Sustainable Mitigation." In Environmental Emissions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93104.
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Air of cities especially in the developing parts of the world is turning into a serious environmental interest. The air pollution is because of a complex interaction of dispersion and emission of toxic pollutants from manufactories. Air pollution caused due to the introduction of dust particles, gases, and smoke into the atmosphere exceeds the air quality levels. Air pollutants are the precursor of photochemical smog and acid rain that causes the asthmatic problems leading into serious illness of lung cancer, depletes the stratospheric ozone, and contributes in global warming. In the present industrial economy era, air pollution is an unavoidable product that cannot be completely removed but stern actions can reduce it. Pollution can be reduced through collective as well as individual contributions. There are multiple sources of air pollution, which are industries, fossil fuels, agro waste, and vehicular emissions. Industrial processes upgradation, energy efficiency, agricultural waste burning control, and fuel conversion are important aspects to reducing pollutants which create the industrial air pollution. Mitigations are necessary to reduce the threat of air pollution using the various applicable technologies like CO2 sequestering, industrial energy efficiency, improving the combustion processes of the vehicular engines, and reducing the gas production from agriculture cultivations.
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Munsif, Rabia, Muhammad Zubair, Ayesha Aziz, and Muhammad Nadeem Zafar. "Industrial Air Emission Pollution: Potential Sources and Sustainable Mitigation." In Environmental Emissions. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93104.
Full textAbstract:
Air of cities especially in the developing parts of the world is turning into a serious environmental interest. The air pollution is because of a complex interaction of dispersion and emission of toxic pollutants from manufactories. Air pollution caused due to the introduction of dust particles, gases, and smoke into the atmosphere exceeds the air quality levels. Air pollutants are the precursor of photochemical smog and acid rain that causes the asthmatic problems leading into serious illness of lung cancer, depletes the stratospheric ozone, and contributes in global warming. In the present industrial economy era, air pollution is an unavoidable product that cannot be completely removed but stern actions can reduce it. Pollution can be reduced through collective as well as individual contributions. There are multiple sources of air pollution, which are industries, fossil fuels, agro waste, and vehicular emissions. Industrial processes upgradation, energy efficiency, agricultural waste burning control, and fuel conversion are important aspects to reducing pollutants which create the industrial air pollution. Mitigations are necessary to reduce the threat of air pollution using the various applicable technologies like CO2 sequestering, industrial energy efficiency, improving the combustion processes of the vehicular engines, and reducing the gas production from agriculture cultivations.
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Jyoti Dehingia, Hirak. "Various Aspects of Dust-Acoustic Solitary Waves (DAWs) in Inhomogeneous Plasmas." In Plasma Science - Recent Advances, New Perspectives and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.109160.
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Dusty plasma offers an extensive study of space and astrophysical environments. In this chapter, we have studied some of the basic properties of dusty plasmas, interaction of dust and plasma particles, and the effect of intramolecular attraction and repulsion between these plasma and dust grain particles. During these investigations, we have discussed a few basic relations of dusty plasma and the effect of dust particles on the nonlinear wave structures in dusty plasma. Here, we have also studied the various aspects of dust-acoustic solitary waves (DASWs) in inhomogeneous plasma. To study and analyze the various aspects of DAWs in inhomogeneous plasmas, the governing fluid equations of plasmas are considered to derive the Korteweg de-Vries (KdV) equation. The solution of the KdV equation is obtained as soliton or solitary wave. The solitary wave solution indicates the various characteristics of DASWs in the inhomogeneous dusty plasma. In this chapter, a systematic and extensive study on DAWs is also included for the inhomogeneous and unmagnetized plasmas.
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Pettorelli, Nathalie. "Satellite remote sensing, environmental quality, and human health and wellbeing." In Satellite Remote Sensing and the Management of Natural Resources, 120–32. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198717263.003.0009.
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This chapter reviews how satellite data can provide key information relevant to efforts to improve human health and wellbeing. It first discusses how satellite remote sensing can be used to track, predict, and manage vectorborne disease such as malaria, dengue fever, and trypanosomiasis. The second section of this chapter focuses on the use of satellite data to monitor air quality, looking at how satellites can help (1) track air pollution associated with the release of harmful substances into the atmosphere through human activities, such as nitrogen oxides, carbon monoxide, and chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs); (2) detect and forecast outbreaks of airborne substances that trigger an allergic reaction, such as pollen grains; (3) assess emissions from volcanic eruptions; and (4) monitor dust storms in space and time. The third part of this chapter explores how satellite data can be used to report on water quality, detailing how these data can be used to predict and manage harmful algae blooms and to study eutrophication. The fourth section addresses satellite remote sensing in the context of human wellbeing, highlighting how satellite data can be used to estimate economic welfare and poverty, and how this information can be used to test various hypotheses pertaining to the role of greenness in determining various aspects of our physical and mental health.
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Roy, Siuli, Anurag D, and Somprakash Bandyopadhyay. "Testbed Implementation of a Pollution Monitoring System Using Wireless Sensor Network for the Protection of Public Spaces." In Networking and Telecommunications, 820–33. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-986-1.ch053.
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Air pollution is an important environmental issue that has a direct effect on human health and ecological balance. Factories, power plants, vehicles, windblown dust and wildfires are some of the contributors of to pollution. Reasonable simulation tools exist for evaluating large scale sensor networks, ; however, they fail to capture significant details of node operation or practical aspects of wireless communication. Real life testbeds, capture the realism and bring out important aspects for further research. In this paper, we present an implementation of a wireless sensor network testbed for automatic and real-time monitoring of environmental pollution for the protection of public spaces. The paper describes the physical setup, the sensor node hardware and software architecture for “anytime, anywhere” monitoring and management of pollution data through a single, Web-based graphical user interface. The paper presents practical issues in the integration of sensors, actual power consumption rates and develops a practical hierarchical routing methodology.
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Chen, Zhengde, and Yusen Wu. "Saihanba’s Impact on Beijing’s Environment and Its Reference to China." In Advances in Transdisciplinary Engineering. IOS Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/atde220296.
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With the development over time, people and the government gradually realize the importance of the environment. From 1962 to 2021, the forest coverage of Saihanba increased from 13% to 80%. This article used the AR model to establish time series from three aspects: oxygen release, carbon dioxide acceptance and water source storage to analyze the ecological environment before and after Saihanba ecological protection action. In addition, a time series of air quality in Beijing was established to show that the environmental improvement of Saihanba has helped reduce the dust weather in Beijing. After that, AHP analytic hierarchy process model was used to evaluate the significance of altitude, temperature, wind force, humidity and precipitation for the establishment of ecological areas. China is divided into four regions according to the differences in geographical environment. The demand degree of ecological areas was evaluated for these four regions, and the areas that need established ecological areas were selected. Then the scale of the ecological area of the site was determined through the best benefit and cost evaluation. In conclusion, based on the ecological environment construction mode of Saihanba, this report established a model that can be used to evaluate the ecological environment benefits and the best implementation site.
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Erdal, Tiril Sofie. "Uncanny Drought: On Apichaya Wanthiang’s Evil Spirits Only Travel in Straight Lines." In Ung Uro, 91–97. Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/noasp.127.ch8.
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Apichaya Wanthiang’s art installation Evil Spirits Only Travel in Straight Lines (2018) recreated a drought in Thailand by filling the gallery space in Oslo with soothing heat emanating from huge, dry, dirt sculptures. Visitors to the exhibition were encouraged to both touch and sit down on the dried clay sculptures. They were bone dry and felt warm on the skin. The recreated environmental event was contrasted with the freezing Oslo winter outside the gallery space, but the inside and the outside of the gallery were also connected through a synchronisation of the dim light in the exhibition space and the ongoing dusk outside—opening up for the sensorial aspect of climatic change. By describing a subjective experience of Wanthiang’s environmental event, this chapter shows how an uncanny drought in an exhibition space can activate a mode of habituation when faced with the overwhelming consequences of the age of humans.
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Dhar Dwivedi, Rama, and Abhay Kumar Soni. "Ecofriendly Hill Mining by Tunneling Method." In Mining Techniques - Past, Present and Future. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95918.
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Mostly, hills are mined by ‘Strip mining’ i.e. removing the hills from top. This conventional approach destroys the landscape and defaces the beauty of the hill. Besides, a large amount of dust generated at source disturbs the villagers and nearby human settlements during the excavation operation or related activities. To eliminate this, and remove the ‘out yard dumping of material’, except at initial stage i.e. during developmental phase, if tunneling methods of civil construction work is applied, ‘the conventional hill mining’ can be turned into an eco-friendly hill mining with very little planning efforts. This chapter highlights the abovementioned aspects of ‘hill mining’ covering overviews about the ‘hill mining by tunneling method’. In this technique, the extraction of mineral deposits is done by driving tunnels at the bottom (or other accessible higher level of the hills) and combining it with cross-cuts and adits, to protect the green cover and the serene hill environment. A case study of limestone mining in hilly Meghalaya region of India forms a part of the description where its feasibility exists.
Conference papers on the topic "Dust Environmental aspects"
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Ebert, K., S. Roelleke, and C. M. Verpoort. "ISO 14000 Environmental Management System: A New Challenge for Coating Shops." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0973.
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Abstract Coating shops are under increasing pressure by stringent legislation to demonstrate sound environmental performance. This paper describes how one can combine the environmental requirements according to ISO 14000 with existing Quality Management Systems according to ISO 9000. The Environmental Management System requires that a company establishes and maintains an environmental policy with a strong commitment to continual improvement and prevention of pollution. The company has to establish environmental targets with a timeframe by which they are to be achieved. In this paper, some practical aspects of prevention of pollution by using new processes, practices and materials will be described. Some important aspects like recycling of waste from dust collectors or sand blasting units will be discussed.
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Lonia, B., N. K. Nayar, S. B. Singh, and P. L. Bali. "Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation From Agriwaste in India." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-170.
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The agricultural operations in India are suffering from a serious problem of shortage of electrical power on one side and economic and effective disposal of agriwaste stuff on the other. India being agriculture based country, 70% of its main income (share in GDP) comes from agriculture sector. Any enhancement of income from this sector is based upon adequate supply of basic inputs in this sector. Regular and adequate power supply is one such input. But, the position of power supply in our country defies both these characteristics. With a major portion of power produced being sent to the industrial and urban consumers, there is a perennial shortage of power in the agriculture sector. Consequently, there is an emergent need to produce more power in order to fulfil the needs of this sector effectively. One way of accomplishing this is setting up captive, preferably rural based, small power generation plants. In these power plants, instead of water-head, diesel oil or coal, we can use agri-residue to produce electricity. One such power plant (1–2 MW capacity) can satisfy the power need of 25 to 40 nearby villages. The agriwaste like rice straw, sugarcane-trash, coir-pith, peanut shells, wheat stalks & straw, cottonseed, stalks and husk, soyabean stalks, maize stalks & cobs, sorghum. Bagasse, wallnut shells, sunflower seeds, shells, hulls and kernels and coconut husk, wastewood and saw dust can be fruitfully utilized in power generation. This stuff is otherwise a waste and liability and consumes a lot of effort on its disposal; in addition to being a fire and health hazard. Agriwaste stuff which at present is available in abundance and prospects of its utilization in producing energy are enormous. This material can be procured at reasonably low rates from the farmers who will thus be benefited economically, apart from being relieved of the responsibility of its disposal. Agri-residue has traditionally been a major source of heat energy in rural areas in India. It is a valuable fuel even in the sub-urban areas. Inspite of rapid increase in the supply of, access lo and use of fossil fuels, agri-residue is likely to continue to play an important role, in the foreseeable future. Therefore, developing and promoting techno-economically-viable technologies to utilize agri-residue efficiently should be a persuit of high priority. Though there is no authentic data available with regard to the exact quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, its rough estimate has been put at about 350 mt per annum. It is also estimated that the total cattle refuse generated is nearly 250 mt per year. Further, nearly 20% of the total land is under forest cover, which produces approximately 50 mt of fuel wood and with associated forest waste of about 5 mt.(1). Taking into account the utilization of even a portion (say 30%) of this agri-residue & agro-industrial waste as well as energy plantation on one million hectare (mha) of wastelands for power generation through bioenergy technologies, a potential of some 18000 MW of power has been estimated. From the foregoing, it is clear that there is an enormous untapped potential for energy generation from agri-residue. What is required is an immediate and urgent intensification of dedicated efforts in this field, with a view to bringing down the unit energy cost and improving efficiency and reliability of agri-waste production, conversion and utilisation, leading to subsequent saving of fossil fuels for other pressing applications. The new initiatives in national energy policy are most urgently needed to accelerate the social and economic development of the rural areas. It demands a substantial increase in production and consumption of energy for productive purposes. Such initiatives are vital for promoting the goals of sustainability. cleaner production and reduction of long-term risks of environmental pollution and consequent adverse climatic changes in future. A much needed significant social, economic and industrial development has yet to take place in large parts of rural India; be it North, West, East or South. It can be well appreciated that a conscious management of agri-residue, which is otherwise a serious liability of the farmer, through its economic conversion into electric power can offer a reasonably viable solution to our developmental needs. This vision will have to be converted into a reality within a decade or so through dedicated and planned R&D work in this area. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of harvesting, collection, transport and economic processing and utilisation of agri-waste can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, the foregoing paras amply highlight the value of agri-residue as a prospective source of electric power, particularly for supplementing the main grid during the lean supply periods or peak load hours and also for serving the remote areas in the form of stand-alone units giving a boost to decentralised power supply. This approach and option seems to be positive in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy. This paper reviews the current situation with regards to generation of agriwaste and its prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from agriwaste; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution.
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Miu, Lucreția, Ioana Lidia Ilea, Rodica Roxana Constantinescu, Madalina Ignat, Nicolae Catrina, Marcel Ionescu, Doina Creangă, and Emanuel Văcălie. "Case Study – Basement of the National Museum of Cotroceni." In The 9th International Conference on Advanced Materials and Systems. INCDTP - Leather and Footwear Research Institute (ICPI), Bucharest, Romania, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.24264/icams-2022.v.4.
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The work presents a series of aspects related to the degree of biodeterioration of some heritage objects made of inorganic substrates (brick), and the identification of fungi and bacteria with a damaging action on historical materials. Inorganic substrates represented by dust particles from walls and bricks were studied. Fired clay bricks can be severely affected by various macroscopic forms of degradation, as a consequence of chemical, physical-mechanical and biological degradation processes as a result of exposure to aggressive environmental agents. The samples studied (they were collected in compliance with conservation-restoration norms) are part of the “Small Cellar” of the Cotroceni Palace, one of the few spaces where the walls of the old foundation built by Șerban Cantacuzino between 1679-1681, are still preserved. By monitoring the microclimate parameters of the “small cellar” space, it was concluded that there is a greater variation of the relative humidity from 40% to 63%, but also of the temperature from 16℃ to 22℃, fluctuations due to the change of seasons. The samples taken, developed on the culture medium and isolated were analyzed from the point of view of microbiota, and the identified fungi mainly belong to the genera Mucor sp., Alternaria sp., Rhizopus sp., Fusarium sp. and Penicillium sp. Three different treatments, Clic, Q and Top Crete, were tested and applied on the wall by brushing. After 7 days, samples were collected and tested regarding microbial loading and the results are a proof of the treatment efficiency. The samples were further monitored from a microbiological point of view, but also from the point of view of the appearance given to the bricks after treatment (color change, brick texture, organoleptic properties, etc.).
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Kijanski, Jacek, and Georg-Peter Ostermeyer. "A Comparison between Stationary and Dynamic Wear Tests of Brake Pads." In EuroBrake 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/3964237eb2021-fbr-001.
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Investigations of wear and wear dust behavior of brake systems are increasingly becoming the focus of research activities in science and industry. Environmental protection as well as health and economic aspects play a driving role in this context. In contrast to these important issues, the wear behavior of brake pads is still poorly understood. Due to the different material compositions of brake pads, it is also very difficult to gain universally valid insights, even when testing under stationary conditions. In previous publications, it was already identified that the friction history or a dynamic load collective can lead to different wear rates despite the same idle work. This was demonstrated by means of a multitude of real driving profiles and decreasing velocity profile measurements using the Automated Universal Tribotester at the Institute of Dynamics and Vibrations. The results of the investigations accordingly raised new questions, which will be addressed here. In addition, the knowledge gained here should serve as a metrological basis for the mathematical description of wear processes in the boundary layer of brake systems in the future. For this purpose, tests are carried out on the AUT with further load profiles on different brake pads. The results of these systematically performed measurements allow a step-by-step comparison of the wear results and friction coefficients as well as the surface topographies. This, in turn, makes it possible to establish a link between the results of the previously performed stationary wear procedures and real driving profile measurements, which leads to a better understanding of the wear behavior of brake pads and its influencing factors.
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Lominac, John K., and Joseph F. Boytos. "Aeropropulsion Environmental Test Facility." In ASME 1998 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/98-gt-555.
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As part of the DoD Base Realignment and Closure process, the unique Navy capability to test aircraft engines under various environmental conditions is being transitioned to the Air Force. A new facility, using two modified sea-level Air Force T-9 test cells as building blocks, formed the basis of the new design. The structural design of the test cells and test control building was based on the aerodynamic and acoustic requirements for testing large afterburning turbojet/turbofan engines. Major construction has passed the 90-percent completion milestone. Aerodynamic criteria were defined in 1/12th-scale model tests of an engine installation using an F110 engine simulator. Modifications were then made to the basic T-9 test cells to allow ram air duct direct-connect capability. Following construction, activation/validation of the test facility will be conducted with an actual F110 engine, run in both direct-connect and bellmouth inlet configurations. Initial Operational Capability is scheduled for September 1998. Technical aspects of the facility design, construction, and ram air duct are described. Final system capabilities are airflow of 249.48 kg/sec; inlet air temperature range of 219 to 503 K; and inlet air pressures up to 206.85 kPa (1.1 Mach number). Environmental conditions of high and low temperature, water and ice ingestion, sand ingestion, and salt air corrosion can be duplicated. Engine transient operation, and mission profile endurance tests with simulated inlet conditions of forward flight velocities will be available to both government and industry users.
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Feißel, Toni, and Klaus Augsburg. "Analytical Investigation of Tire Induced Particle Emissions." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2020-epv-027.
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Research and/or Engineering Question/Objective: The fine dust contribution (<10µm) of motor vehicles represents a considerable health risk for people in urban areas. Due to an increasing percentage of electric vehicles, exhaust emissions are steadily reduced. Consequently, particles from non-exhaust sources (brake, tire and road ware) are considered to be the future main vehicle related pollutant. While regenerative braking, tungsten carbide coatings and filter devices can effectively reduce brake wear emissions, there is currently no methodology available in order to reduce tire wear particles, road abrasion and resuspension. In addition, the tire is one of the main sources of environmental microplastic pollution. Although there are initial approaches to determine the emission characteristics of tire and road ware particles, there is a lack of basic understanding of the underlying physical processes. Methodology: The particle flow around the vehicle wheelhouse is dominated by highly dynamic vortex structures. The numerical flow simulation (CFD) is a well suited tool for the investigation of these processes and allows a detailed analysis of the particle-flow interaction. Within this paper, a CFD flow model of a vehicle wheelhouse is presented, which analytically describes the underlying physical effects of particle dispersion by the vehicle tire. The CFD model was applied in order to define a suitable measurement strategy for the measurement of TRW particles based on a measurement vehicle. Results: In order to develop a CFD Modell for tire-induced particle emissions, comprehensive analysis of mesh generation, geometric influencing factors and turbulence models was conducted. An essential element of the presented model is the modelling of the wheel rotation, tire-road contact and tire-profile related effects. In addition, particle models were adapted according to the physical properties of tire and road wear particles. In a second step, the CFD methodology was applied in order to design a constant volume sampling system (CVS) which ensures a maximum sampling and transport efficiency for TRW particles. Limitations of this study: In general, numerical simulation requires strong simplification of the physical problem and can cover aspects of the flow and particle behavior only partially. Thus, more experiments are necessary to fully validate the CFD model. What does the paper offer that is new in the field in comparison to other works of the author: The paper offers a new CFD-based tire and road wear model including flow processes in proximity to the tire-road interface, in order to describe tire induced particle emissions. Conclusion: Within this paper a novel CFD-based methodology is presented whereby special emphasis was placed towards the modelling of tire-induced particle emissions. This model was applied in order to design a constant volume sampling system that ensures a maximum sampling as well as transport efficiency for TRW particle measurement. KEYWORDS - Tire and Road Wear Particles (TRW), Particle Resuspension, Non-Exhaust-Emissions, Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), Constant Volume Sampling System (CVS)
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Hock, V. F., R. Senary, R. Ganertz, and H. Herman. "Automated Thermal Spray Technology for Rehabilitation and Maintenance of Civil Works Infrastructure." In ITSC 1997, edited by C. C. Berndt. ASM International, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc1997p0435.
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Abstract Conventional corrosion protection of steel structures has usually involved the application and reapplication of lead-based paint (LBP), a material now known to be highly toxic and likely to find its way into the environment. LBP is no longer used in the field, but repair crews, nearby communities, and the environment may be exposed to unacceptably high levels of lead as the substrates of older structures are prepared for repainting during routine M&R operations. Conventional dust-containment enclosures used onsite during surface preparation (abrasive blasting) are often inadequate. The most effective containment technologies, on the other hand, tend to be expensive and cumbersome. All of these factors make surface preparation and recoating slow, technically difficult, physically demanding, and hazardous to the worker and the environment. Automated technologies have the potential to address all aspects of these interrelated infrastructure M&R problems. An example of such a technology is the Automated Thermal Spray System (ATSS). The ATSS utilizes a triaxial array of linear motion actuators to form a robot capable of performing preprogrammed sequences. The demonstration proved that the ATSS can successfully remove deteriorated lead-based paint from a steel bridge and then apply a protective coating to the exposed surface.
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McKinney, Mark H., and Charles Wall. "Control of a Laboratory-Based Thermal Management System." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35198.
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In a laboratory environment, flexible, accurate and reliable thermal management is critical to successful analysis and testing of a single package IC device under test (DUT). As next generation electronic components approach a heat flux of 200W/cm2, the control aspects of the thermal management system become even more critical. Utilizing advanced vapor-compression refrigeration technology in conjunction with PID control algorithms, accurate thermal management of a DUT is achieved. In order to accurately control the temperature, the control system monitors case (TC), evaporator (TE), or internal junction (TJ) temperature and employs real time pulse width modulation control of refrigerant flow to achieve accurate control to less than ±3°C. The system also includes the capability to monitor the actual power supplied to the DUT and is capable of control up to a thermal load of 200W. This paper presents the requirements for and the design of the thermal control system utilized in a high heat-flux, laboratory-based thermal management system.
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Ostermeyer, Georg-Peter, Malte Sandgaard, and Guido Lehne-Wandrey. "Investigation of Particle Dynamics with Real Vehicles and Swarm Sensors." In EuroBrake 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/6016593eb2021-ebs-006.
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In recent years, the improvement of air quality in Germany, but also worldwide, has increasingly moved into the public focus. Since the turn of the millennium, a significant aspect of improving air quality has been seen in the reduction of household emissions, for example, and in the adjustment of traffic-related emissions. Due to legal requirements, exhaust emissions have been significantly reduced as a result of technological innovations, whereby other emission sources have moved to the fore. In particular, non-exhaust emissions, such as tire abrasion, resuspension of fine dust and brake emissions are major sources of emissions that have a sustained impact on air quality. Air quality monitoring is carried out throughout Europe with high precision and very expensive measuring stations, which are distributed locally to individual locations in a city. Based on this data, measures such as driving bans or road closures are initiated. Due to the high price, a comprehensive and locally high-resolution measurement in a city is not feasible, which means that individual events such as acceleration and braking cannot be detected. In this work, swarm measurements are performed in a controlled environment with the help of low-cost fine dust sensors in order to be able to conclude about individual traffic events. Thereby a temporal and local dynamic of the emitted particles, for example during braking, will be investigated. The aim is to measure the distribution of particles around a vehicle during a specific driving event. A differentiation of the particle concentration will be investigated for different measurement scenarios.
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Andreini, A., B. Facchini, L. Mangani, and F. Simonetti. "Development and Validation of a 1-D Tool for Thermoacoustic Instabilities Analysis in Gas Turbine Combustors." In ASME Turbo Expo 2008: Power for Land, Sea, and Air. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2008-51248.
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In the last years, the more restrictive environmental legislations have constrained gas turbine manufacturers to the development of new low-emission combustors. Lean Premixed technology has become a necessary standard to meet emissions requirements and allowing an heavy reduction of nitrogen oxides emission. This kind of technology, due to the use of lean premixed mixtures, is severely affected by thermoacoustic phenomena which cause damages to combustor components and consequently reduce the overall gas turbine life of a factor of two or more. Specifically, premixed flames pose the threat of pressure oscillations. This phenomenon is the effect of the strong interaction between combustion heat-release and fluid dynamics aspects. In order to investigate thermoacoustic instabilities, a mono-dimensional code was developed and validated. It takes into account only longitudinal frequencies and it is thought to be highly modular to modify or add blocks, corresponding to different thermoacoustic models. The tool is based on a lumped-parameter approach, which consists in considering constant mean flow quantities over each fundamental straight duct element and a nodal point at each duct interface. For each interface, where an acoustic impedance could be present, the linearized fluctuating mass, momentum and energy equations are solved including entropic waves. To validate such tool, several tests, referring to actual test rigs and experimental gas turbine combustor geometries, were performed. The results show a general agreement with empirical data and other numerical results reported in literature in terms of resonance frequencies, stability and modal shapes, both for no flame and fluctuating heat release cases.