Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Durkheimian school of sociology'

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1

Mundy-McPherson, Stuart, and n/a. "Alcohol in society and education : Durkheimian perspectives." University of Otago. Department of Education, 2008. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20081029.155006.

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The present study utilises a Durkheimian approach to study alcohol in society and education, centrally drawing on the sociological works of Emile Durkheim and those of the neo-Durkheimian sociologist, Stjepan Mestrovic. Durkheim�s sociological concepts and commentary, and Mestrovic�s perspective, refashioned, is applied to the present context, of which alcohol is a part. The arument to be advanced, is that in the Durkheimian sense, societal and educational alcohol issues, as part of wider social change, are in a state of excessive anomie and egoism caused by neoliberal philosophy, policy and practice. Mostly, the theory of James M. Buchanan will be drawn upon as standing for neoliberalism. Mestrovic�s interpretation of Durkheim in the light of his view of the indirect influence of Arthur Schopenhauer on Durkheim, particularly with regard to Schopenhauer�s view of will and representation, provides a fresh reading of Durkheim�s work. Mestrovic�s adaptations challenge the received view of Durkheim as a functionalist, and Enlightenment positivist interested in social order. This is explained by noting Mestrovic�s application of those adaptations to some of Durkheim�s central concepts, and, Mestrovic�s identification of the contemporary relevance of Durkheim, culminating in what Mestrovic calls postemotionalism. Mestrovic�s Shopenhauerian Durkheimianism, and Durkheim, can be critiqued from the perspectives of a number of commentators, poststructuralism and, Jennifer Lehmann�s critical structuralism with regard to issues of particularly gender, but also culture, as well as for exhibiting essentialist and liberal strains. Buchanan is also liberal and essentialist, but differently to Durkheim, holds to an economic, individualistic and clearly positivist view of society and education. By comparison with Durkheimianism, however, Buchanan�s perspective is a good representative example of true neoliberalism. Durkheim in particular, is rendered as a liberal - by comparison to Buchanan, a very social democratic liberal thinker, but one still in need of further adaptations over and above those made by Mestrovic for a Durkheimianism relevant to contemporary issues of gender and culture with regard to policy and practice in society and education where alcohol is concerned. Mestrovic�s perspective and Durkheim�s concepts, when modified by way of discussed and synthesised supplementary, high-modern and poststructural, post-Freudian feminist, and semiological, radical theories of gender and culture, is relevant for studying society and education. The application of Durkheimian perspectives, so rendered, means that various issues related to alcohol such as, alcohol and other addictions and dysfunctions, gendered drinking, gendered family relations, alcohol use and abuse, media advertising, research studies philosophies, culture, local and global markets, as well as legislation, can be seen in an alternative way. Following Durkheimian perspectives means that education can be contextualised accordingly. Educational governance, professionalism, teacher training and curriculum reform policies and programmes related and specific to alcohol education, can be interpreted in alternative ways to those currently accepted. Durkheimian perspectives on society and education: highlight the damage caused and the conservatism entailed by neoliberal philosophy, policy and practice, and; provide alternatives to the current societal situation, as well as the current drug education market in Aotearoa/New Zealand.
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Riley, Alexander Tristan. "In pursuit of the sacred : the Durkheimian sociologists of religion and their paths toward the construction of the modern intellectual /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9970840.

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3

Page, Pereira Lucas 1987. "Maurice Halbwachs : reminiscência sociológica." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/279807.

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Orientador: Renato José Pinto Ortiz
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-24T01:15:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 PagePereira_Lucas_M.pdf: 78122115 bytes, checksum: bfc43164197a2b792a5da5f592ec74db (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013
Resumo: A presente dissertação tem como objetivo o estudo do conjunto da obra de Maurice Halbwachs, buscando apreender seus principais movimentos e conformar uma apresentação que possibilitasse ao público brasileiro situar seu pensamento e se situar em seu pensamento. Nesse sentido, após uma breve introdução genealógica, ela é composta por um primeiro capítulo voltado à biografia de Halbwachs, um segundo destinado à sociologia das classes sociais, um terceiro focando-se na psicologia coletiva da memória e, por fim, um quarto capítulo em que se traça, a partir de suas análises do suicídio, uma reflexão sobre alguns dos deslocamentos de Halbwachs em relação a sociologia de Émile Durkheim
Abstract: This dissertation¿s aim is to study the whole of Maurice Halbwachs's Works, seeking to understand its main movements and to elaborate a presentation that would allow the brazilian public to situate his thoughts and place themselves in it. Thereby, after a brief genealogic introduction, the first chapter is focused on Halbwachs's biography, the second examines his sociology studies of social classes, the third one looks at his collective psychology of memory and, finaly, the last one analyzes through the Halbwachs¿s suicide perspective, his detachments from Durkheim¿s sociology
Mestrado
Sociologia
Mestre em Sociologia
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4

Dixon, Jason Oliver. "A Durkheimian sociobiology?" [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2004. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/903.

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Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0510104-122531. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.
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Carter, Eric Michael. "Failing at success: a Durkheimian analysis of anomie and deviant behavior among national football league players." Diss., Kansas State University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/223.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Department of Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Robert K. Schaeffer
This exploratory research project has utilized a mixed-method (Seiber 1973; Creswell 1994, 2005; Jick 1979; Dexter 1970) approach to examine why some NFL players participate in deviant, and sometimes law breaking, behavior and others do not. Using Dexter’s (1970) qualitative technique of elite and specialized interviewing along with Schatzman’s and Strauss’s (1973) naturalistic field method, access was gained into an exclusive group of current and former NFL players. The qualitative findings in conjunction with Durkheimian theory provided the conceptualization of a quantitative instrument. Through a nonprobability snowball sample (Babbie 1986; Berg 2001), 104 NFL players were interviewed. A series of quantitative analyses were run to describe and assess relationships within this study group. In essence, this study has entailed a series of steps that could be represented as a cumulative progression. From the qualitative data, the three core themes that emerged were (1) deviance, (2) anomie, and (3) social ties. Within the study group, a substantial number of players had prior experience with deviant and illegal behaviors. Many reported problems coping upon entering the NFL and sought to find personal fulfillment and happiness despite wealth and fame. It appeared that some level of anomie was present in a number of these players’ lives. However, players that had strong ties to various social groups appeared less likely to succumb to anomie and deviance. Supporting the qualitative data, the quantitative findings revealed that anomie was one of the significant predictors of law breaking players. It would therefore appear reasonable to suggest that some of the players were involved in behaviors that could be labeled anomic deviance. Furthermore, the findings supported the primacy of social ties/support in combating anomie and deviance in the lives of NFL players in the study group.
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Clute, Jacob L. "Middle School, School Culture, Parental Involvement, and the Academic Index." TopSCHOLAR®, 2014. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1432.

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This research examines two possible influences of student achievement at the middle school level: school culture and parental involvement. The study investigates Kentucky Scholastic Audits of 90 middle schools from 2001 through 2005. The purpose of the study is to identify whether school culture and parental involvement affect student performance. The results of this study suggest that demographic variables account for most of the variance in the Academic Index. Controlling for demographics, parental involvement does not affect the school Academic Index, while school culture does add significantly to the variance explained.
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Maduka, Grace U. "Transition from school to work." Thesis, University of Manchester, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304846.

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Seale, Elizabeth Kelley. "The Policing of Gender in Middle School." NCSU, 2005. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12132005-122850/.

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Based on 43 semi-structured interviews with children in grades 6th through 8th, this study examines how heteronormativity, or normative heterosexuality, shapes and reinforces gender stratification among preadolescents. The sample consists of 29 white and 17 non-white children. The author draws from self-evaluation theory, closure theory, and theory on heteronormativity in demonstrating that heteronorms and the use of the gay stigma operate to regulate gender performances and identities. Findings suggest specifically that a) while norms of femininity have altered in response to the feminist movement, norms of masculinity have not; b) male gender nonconformists are harassed through the use of the gay stigma, putting significant pressure on boys to maintain a hegemonic masculine/heterosexual identity; c) openly gay students are not always harassed to the extent suggested by the level of homophobia revealed in interviews with middle school students; d) boys use the gay stigma against other boys in their struggle for dominance over others; and e) white girls are less homophobic than other groups. The strict regulation of self and others reproduces heterosexism and patriarchy in ways profoundly important for understanding the persistence of inequality.
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Painter, Matthew A. II. "High school employment and adult wealth accumulation." The Ohio State University, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1400069572.

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Ungetheim, Brandon. "High School Teachers' Perceptions of School-Related Violence: Effects on Fear of Victimization and Perceived Risk." TopSCHOLAR®, 2000. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/706.

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Using a sample of 204 high school teachers from nine different counties in Kentucky, this study examined the predictors of both teachers1 fear and perceived risk of victimization at school in an attempt to learn more about this adult population. The predictors that were analyzed on both fear and perceived risk of victimization are as follows: age, sex, school location (metropolitan/nonmetropolitan), victimization experience, indirect victimization experience, and perceived seriousness of school violence. Results indicate that, sex, school location, victimization experience, and perceived seriousness of school violence were all significant predictors of both teachers' fear and perceived risk of victimization. Females and those who had been previously victimized were more fearful and perceived a greater risk of victimization than did males and those teachers without previous victimizations. Results also indicated that nonmetropolitan teachers were both more fearful and perceived a greater risk of victimization than did metropolitan teachers. Neither indirect victimization experience nor age, cited by many studies as predictors of fear in adults, were found to predict either teachers' fear or perceived risk of victimization.
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Feldmann, Robert L. III. "Same-Sex Parenting's Effect on Adolescent School Connectedness." The Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1381489080.

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Kellison, Dennis William. "The renovation and restoration of John Handley High School Winchester, Virginia." Thesis, Shenandoah University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3700945.

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The need for public school construction and the cost of funding that construction has been the source of considerable concern and debate as far back as the late nineteenth century and has carried forward through the first decade of the twenty-first century. Although it is estimated that the United States has spent almost $750 billion on school construction since 1900, studies have also pointed out that only six percent of the schools were built since 1980. Numerous studies since 1990 to the current day have placed estimates as high as $322 billion needed to meet current needs for renovation, repair, and new construction.

The need and cost for funding public school construction is also within the context of how these costs are funded in the United States. Most school construction, with some exceptions, is heavily dependent upon local government, in other words the local taxpayer as the source of funds for the needed construction. This study focused on the needs of Winchester, Virginia, a small city located in the Northern end of the Shenandoah Valley. Winchester Public Schools and the local government were faced with $50 million in local school construction needs for its only high school, a historic building of iconic stature. The prevailing thought among many was that this figure was too high, or exceeded the fiscal capacity of local government. When the estimated cost began to rise, local decision makers were faced with the dilemma of what to do. The conclusion was to take the unheard of step of conducting a capital campaign to raise funds in order to assist in the renovation and restoration John Handley High School.

The methodology used was to conduct semi-structured interviews of persons, purposefully chosen, who were involved in the decision-making or in some way were involved in the capital campaign environment. The intent was to explore attitudes and beliefs about the school and the fundraising effort. The results reveal a fascinating story about the school’s original benefactor and the forces of social capital and attachment to the school that occurred over its history. These forces ignited the effort to raise private funds to renovate and the restore the school that resulted in the donations of funds in excess of six million dollars and has yet to come to a conclusion. The study reveals not only the beliefs and attitudes of the individuals involved, but also the attachment that an entire community has for its beloved school and the community spirit it symbolically represents.

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Pigott, Christina. "School Resource Officers and the School-to-Prison Pipeline| Discovering Trends of Expulsions in Public Schools." Thesis, University of Louisiana at Lafayette, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10163309.

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The school-to-prison pipeline is a phenomenon that is occurring in public schools across the country. This study investigates if the presence of a School Resource Officers (SRO) has an effect on the rate of expulsions experienced in schools. My data is from a secondary data set from the 2009-2010 School Survey on Crime and Safety. I use the presence of an SRO or security personnel, percentage of white student enrollment, school urbanicity, and percentage of students that score below the 15th percentile on standardized tests as independent variables. My dependent variable is expulsion rates for disobedient behavior. I create one model using OLS regression to run the dependent variable against all of the independent variables. The results yielded that the presence of security personnel or an SRO has increased the rate of expulsions due to disciplinary infractions. I also found that race decreased the expulsion rate; this means that as the percentage of white students goes up, the expulsion rate goes down. These findings suggests that the disproportionate amount of African Americans in this country’s prison system could be starting in our school systems.

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Shariat, Yasamin. "High School Seniors' Plans After Graduation: The Decision to Go to the Military, College, a Trade School, or Work." TopSCHOLAR®, 2005. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/478.

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This research analyzes the decision process of high school seniors in their postgraduation plans. Most of the participants are college bound, so students were compared and analyzed according to their preparedness for college as measured by the ACT. It seems that students go to college whether or not they are actually prepared for the experience. They seem to be more influenced by a societal push towards attending college than by anything else.
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Rule, Jennifer Y. "Year-Round School Calendars Versus Traditional School Calendars: Parents' and Teachers' Opinions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1831.

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The purpose of this study was to determine if there was a difference of opinions of teachers and parents of students who attend year-round calendar schools from those of teachers and parents of students who attend traditional calendar schools. A random sampling was taken from teachers and parents from schools in both Blount and Sevier Counties. The surveys were given to teachers who worked in a traditional school setting, teachers who worked in the year-round school setting, parents who had children attending a traditional school, and parents who had children attending a year-round school. A 3-point scale was used on the survey to measure each question. The findings from this study conclude that teachers and parents of students who attend year-round calendar schools tend to have more favorable opinions about their school setting as opposed to teachers and parents of students who attend traditional calendar schools. Parents' and teachers' perceptions were analyzed regarding academic performance, and opinions on school calendars.
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Taylor, Howard. "Child work and school attendance in urban India." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299990.

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NEVES, FAGNER HENRIQUE GUEDES. "KNOWLEDGE, SCHOOL AND CULTURE: SOCIOLOGY TEACHING AND INTERCULTURAL EDUCATION." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2014. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=24416@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
Este trabalho situa-se na confluência entre conhecimento, educação escolar, ensino de Sociologia e interculturalidade, um diálogo pouco explorado pela pesquisa educacional brasileira. Tendo como referenciais os estudos interculturais de Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Vera Maria Candau e Antônio Flávio Moreira, busca-se discutir como os professores de Sociologia lotados na escola básica compreendem as possibilidades de debates entre o saber sociológico escolar e a educação intercultural. Neste empreendimento, dois objetivos são visados: (1) identificar as representações de professores de Sociologia de escolas públicas de Niterói sobre as relações entre o conhecimento sociológico escolar vigente na escola básica brasileira e a proposta da educação intercultural e a (2) problematizar possibilidades de construção de currículos escolares sociológicos interculturalmente orientados no contexto de escolas da rede pública. Para tanto, foram desenvolvidas entrevistas individuais semiestruturadas com onze sujeitos licenciados em Ciências Sociais e atuantes no magistério estadual de Sociologia há pelo menos dois anos. Foram também analisados documentos curriculares oficiais voltados ao ensino médio e à disciplina de Sociologia. Mediante a articulação entre os dados obtidos através desses procedimentos e os referenciais teórico-conceituais enunciados, foi possível obter significativos achados. A despeito de diversas proposições favoráveis à educação intercultural nos documentos curriculares analisados, esta ainda é escassamente promovida na seleção de conteúdos e no desenvolvimento de práticas pedagógicas no ensino básico de Sociologia, conforme relatam os sujeitos da pesquisa. Nesse cenário, a construção intercultural do conhecimento sociológico escolar é uma meta a se cumprir, repleta de desafios a serem enfrentados pelo sistema escolar e os educadores.
This work approaches an unusual discussion in the Brazilian educational research, involving knowledge, school education, Sociology teaching, and interculturalism. Specifically, the work focuses the public high-school Sociology teachers opinions about the dialogues between the Sociology knowledge and the project of the intercultural education, considering the conceptions from Boaventura de Sousa Santos, Vera Maria Candau, and Antônio Flávio Moreira. There are two research goals: (1) to identify the high-school Sociology-teachers representations about the Sociology knowledge which is normally taught at the Brazilian Schools and its relationships with the intercultural education; (2) to propose some possibilities of creating Sociology public high-schools curricula under the intercultural concepts. Semi-structured interviews with eleven Social Sciences licensed-teachers who have been working at public high-schools in Niterói City (State of Rio de Janeiro) for at least two years were made. In addition, the official curricula documents concerning Sociology teaching and high-school education were analyzed. Linking the achieved data with the theoretical references, some important results were found. Although the analyzed documents point many propositions around the intercultural constitution of the Sociology teaching, content choices and the pedagogical practices are not usually affected by the intercultural education. At this scenery, building a high-school Sociology teaching under intercultural ideas remains as a non-reached goal, which is plenty of challenges to be faced by the educators.
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Miamidian, Helen Marie. "Can Families Always Get What They Want? Families' Perceptions of School Quality and Their Effects on School Choice Decisions." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2010. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/116606.

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Sociology
Ph.D.
School quality and school choice are two hotly debated issues within current academic research, and the two topics are not wholly disconnected from one another. School quality literature includes debates over the most accurate definition, or definitions, of what constitutes school quality. Research addressing school choice often includes references to issues of school quality, albeit with different conclusions about the level of importance school quality plays in actual school choice decisions. In order to understand families' decisions about schools, one must recognize not only the ways in which perceptions of quality influence choices, but also that school quality and school choice are, at the same time, conceptually distinct topics. Therefore, the primary question guiding my research asks, is there a relationship between families perceptions of quality education and the school choices they ultimately make. More specifically, my research first explores how families determine what constitutes a quality school, and second, how that informs the schools they select for their children. I examine six distinct types of school choice options families may choose for their children: private, neighborhood public, magnet, charter, non-neighborhood public, or homeschooling. I investigate whether or not family assessments of quality vary along racial or socioeconomic lines and whether such variation explains some differences in families school choices by these sociodemographic characteristics. I explore families behavior during their search for their children school to determine if any racial or socioeconomic variation exists in how different families conduct this search. I also examine factors that may prevent some families from actualizing their ideals of school quality in their choices. In other words, are there obstacles to particular school choices for families from diverse social backgrounds? Data in this study comes from the Pennsylvania and Metropolitan Area Survey, collected with the Philadelphia Indicators project and Temple University Institute of Public Affairs. This survey includes households within five Pennsylvania counties; Bucks, Chester, Delaware, Montgomery, and Philadelphia counties as well as four counties in New Jersey: Burlington, Camden, Gloucester, and Salem counties. This sample includes only households including at least one school aged child (enrolled in grades kindergarten through twelfth grade) proving a sample size of N = 589 households. My findings demonstrate that significant variation by race and class exist in families perceptions of school quality, in specific school characteristics they report represent the most important indicator of school quality, in the number of school choice options families consider during the process of school choice decision making, in specific factors families report as most important for school choice decisions, and finally in the actual school choices families from diverse socioeconomic backgrounds make for their children education. Research about how families choose schools and how this decision making process differs by race and socioeconomic status can serve to inform discussions about increasing the amount of public choice schools such as magnets, charters, non-neighborhood public school transfer programs. This research has the potential to assist policy-makers in determining whether expanding such choice options may result in either an increase or a decrease in the ability of racial minorities and those with fewer financial means to attend quality schools. This research may also help determine whether current levels of school segregation along racial and class lines will improve or worsen as families ability to choose schools for their children expands. In Chapter 5 of my study, the unit of analysis for my sample size changes from families (N = 589) to the total number of school choices those 589 families made for their children, resulting in a sample size of N = 655 choices used only in Chapter 5.
Temple University--Theses
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19

Graham, Joseph. "Race, resegregation and the school to prison pipleline in Mecklenburg County." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Charlotte, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10239026.

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This thesis explores the relationship between out of school suspensions and court-involvement for youth in Mecklenburg County. Critical Race Theory (CRT) and the concept of implicit bias serve to inform this examination, interpretation, and analysis of the school to prison pipeline. The research study includes the Charlotte Mecklenburg Schools’ suspension records from 2006-2013 for 21,690 youth and Mecklenburg County Sheriff’s Office data from those same years and same youth plus for 7,349/21,690 youth, their delinquency records. This sample was thus, divided into two groups: Non-Court-Involved (14,341) and Court Involved (n=7,349). Descriptive statistics indicate that African-American students are 3-8 times more likely to be disciplined by the use of out of school suspensions than their fellow White students. The results show that African-Americans miss 11 days more of school because of OSS than their White counterpart. In addition, the results indicate that approximately every 25 days of out of school suspensions accumulates to 1 arrest. The African-Americans in the Court-Involved group average 22 days of suspension. One specific contribution of this study is the unique collaboration and data sharing between the schools and sheriff’s office to examine and address this issue. The study results are consistent with similar research about school discipline and juvenile justice. Moreover, these findings can be used to increase awareness of the racial and ethnic disparities in educational disciplinary practices and policies in the Charlotte Mecklenburg School System and potentially, beyond.

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Pinchak, Nicolo Paul. "Concentrated Neighborhood and School Poverty and Labor Market Outcomes in Adulthood." The Ohio State University, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1557150378007065.

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21

Colatat, Phech C. "Essays in the sociology of autism diagnosis." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/90070.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2014.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 106-117).
My dissertation examines the social and organizational processes that influence the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The diagnosis of ASD, as a research setting, presents a number of empirical puzzles which I investigate using organizational, economic and medical sociology and which generate theoretical insights with broad applicability to the management of organizations. Two sets of analyses are included. The first analysis is motivated by sharp differences in diagnostic rates across three specialized ASD clinics at Allied Health (pseudonym), a large health maintenance organization in the United States. I show that this difference is stable over time and cannot be explained by patient and pediatrician characteristics. Leveraging observation and interview data at each of the clinics, I characterize different approaches to diagnosis at each clinic, which originated in the training conditions of the initial clinic directors. These findings support developments to theory that explain how field-level changes typically expected to lead to adaptation and isomorphism can be moderated unintentionally by prior locally-institutionalized practices and result in stable practice variation. The second analysis examines the role of patients in medical diagnosis. Patients are increasingly taking an active role in medical decision making and exerting subtle influence on the decisions of their health care providers. While a greater balance of power and knowledge between patient and provider can be beneficial in many ways, there is a risk that the shifting balance may fail to leverage the subject-matter expertise of medical professionals. With the goal of better characterizing the influence of patients, I draw on data from two systems of care - Kaiser Permanente Northern California and the California Department of Developmental Service - to examine the role of patients in the diagnosis of ASD. Findings are consistent with prior research in identifying patient influence, but illustrate several new boundary conditions: (a) assertive and influential patients may represent only a fraction of the total population and (b) the magnitude of a patient's impact varies by the knowledge and role of the health care provider, and by institutional arrangements that create particular incentives.
by Phech C. Colatat.
Ph. D.
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Kohler, Kristin M. "School psychology and economic disadvantage experiences of practicing school psychologists /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3297089.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of Counseling and Educational Psychology, 2007.
Title from dissertation home page (viewed Sept. 26, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 69-02, Section: A, page: 0506. Adviser: Jack A. Cummings.
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Rippetoe, Sarah. "Teachers' and Students' Perceptions about the Roles of School Resource Officers in Maintaining School Safety." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1828.

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According to the National Association of School Resource Officers (2009), every state in the nation employs school resource officers. The trend, which began in 1991, was initially funded by federal monies. Since that time, school resource officers have remained in schools, gaining popularity as a proactive strategy in fighting against school violence. The purpose of the study was to examine students' and teachers' perceptions regarding school resource officers' performance related to the 3 dimensions of their responsibilities: maintaining a safe environment, enforcing the law, and teaching. Data were gathered from 104 teachers and 272 students from a middle school and a high school, totaling 376 participants. An analysis of data was based on 6 research questions and information gathered from participant surveys. A t test for independent samples was then conducted to evaluate the mean differences for the 3 dimensions measured in the survey. The following grouping variables were used in the comparisons for each dimension: students and teachers, male and female students, male and female teachers, teachers with varied years of experience, middle and high school students, and middle and high school teachers. A significance difference was found between middle school students and high school students regarding each dimension, suggesting that middle school students observed school resource officers actively performing each role to a higher degree than did high school students. There was also a significant difference between teachers and students regarding the role of maintaining a safe environment and enforcing the law, suggesting that teachers observed school resource officers more active in these roles than in the role of counseling. A significant difference was also found between high school teachers and middle school teachers regarding the role of enforcing the law. High school teachers observed enforcement of law more than middle school teachers. This study suggests that school resource officers' roles need to be clearly defined for teachers and students. Students need to know they can report crime, have knowledge that they are being monitored, and know they have resources available other than administrators and teachers.
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Johnston, Sarah Eowyn. "Gender, identity and academic subject choice at school and university." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.301718.

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Condry, Gregory D. "Co-ordination, co-operation and control in pre-school services." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1985. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847326/.

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The central issue addressed in this study is that of control over the pre-school field, which is seen as an "arena" between family and state within which competing claims are resolved. An analysis of documents and literature relating to the emergence of a separately defined pre-school period, demonstrates that in Britain pre-school policy has developed in four clearly defined phases. Each shift of the boundary between family and state has been influenced by changes in theories and commonly-held views of the young child in the family. A "biologistic" phase gave way to a period which was influenced by psychoanalytic theory, which in turn was superseded by a developmental phase. In recent years a "new maternalism" has emerged which has influenced policy, stressing co-ordination and co-operation. These two key policies are then examined in a detailed study of the network of 215 workers, in Battersea, involving interviews, questionnaires, observations and the analysis of policy documents. The network acts to co-ordinate services only at a formal level in terms of links between professional pre-school workers. Links with more informal, community-based provision are limited. An analysis of attitudes and practices in relation to co-operation gives support to these observations. Attitudes, in particular "voluntarism" and "professionalism" relate to location within the network. In the light of the nature of the network observed, it is useful to analyse the range of provision in Battersea in terms of a typology, ranging from "closed" forms of provision to more "open" ones. Movements from the former to the latter have been supported by the "new maternalism" but because of the failure to address the issue of control, these moves are seen as an attempt more effectively to police the pre-school.
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Johnston, William R. "The Roots of Opting Out: Family, School, and Neighborhood Characteristics Associated With Non-Local School Choices." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16461043.

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Intra-district open enrollment policies are increasingly implemented as a means of expanding children’s educational opportunities and promoting greater racial integration in urban schools. However, racial segregation continues to endure in many choice-oriented urban school districts, to the extent that schools are often more segregated than their surrounding communities. I investigate the interplay between family, school, and neighborhood racial characteristics as they relate to pre-k and kindergarten school choice patterns in Boston, Massachusetts. Findings suggest school choice is a function of a variety of factors, with a school’s racial composition remaining salient even after accounting for academic achievement, discipline records, and distance from home. Furthermore, racial background moderates school choices such that White and Asian families displayed similar behavior, as they tended to choose schools with higher proportions of White and Asian students and lower proportions of Black students and students receiving free and reduced-price lunch subsidies. Neighborhood racial composition was not found to be a significant factor in families’ choices, but the average racial profile of the neighborhood schools did shape White and Asian families’ decisions to stay local or not. Finally, I found that families from neighborhoods with higher levels of ethnic heterogeneity and lower levels of socioeconomic advantage were more willing to travel longer distances for schools. The results underscore the importance of acknowledging the persistent salience of race in school choice processes, even when also accounting for various aspects of schools’ academic achievement, discipline, and location.
Culture, Communities, and Education
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Iong, Sio Hong. "Covert school bullying among school students in Macao." Thesis, University of Macau, 2012. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2580075.

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Henley, Blair F. "Developing eLearning: A Case Study of Tennessee High School." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1843.

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ELearning at the secondary level is an emerging concept educators are exploring throughout Tennessee. Educators at Tennessee High School implemented a system of eLearning that improved their graduation rate, extended the educational day, and gave administrators more tools to use in helping students achieve success. Tennessee High School's model for eLearning developed over a 3-year time span and has substantially impacted the students in Bristol, Tennessee. Tennessee High School's administration, in concert with faculty, developed an innovative method of challenging their students with a relatively new means of delivering education. By implementing a completely web based method of delivering instruction, they created an alternative approach to instructional delivery for students lacking credits for on-time graduation as well as those with discipline problems. Furthermore, they developed teacher professional development programs using this delivery system. This case study focuses on the barriers, benefits, and components of Tennessee High School's eLearning implementation. These barriers that include such items as cost, policy formation, and curriculum development were all new concepts for the educators at Tennessee High School. This case documents how the benefits reaped by eLearning have impacted the students at THS. For example, the ability to offer more courses to students that fit almost any schedule has reduced scheduling conflicts. Administrators have enjoyed having another tool to work with concerning student discipline as well.
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Kim, Hyejun. "Essays on economic sociology of innovation and entrepreneurship." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/123583.

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Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management, 2019
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
This dissertation considers how innovation and entrepreneurship are developed, encouraged, and evaluated with the theoretical lens of economic sociology. The first chapter investigates who becomes an entrepreneur among the pool of general consumers. The process by which individuals become entrepreneurs is often described as a decisive moment of transition, yet it necessarily involves a series of smaller steps. By breaking down the transition stages of knitting hobbyists' transition to producers who sell their original design patterns, the study examines the distinctive characteristics that affect users' decision to (a) create new products and (b) commercialize them. The second chapter examines the role of social capital in revealing and encouraging entrepreneurship. To the question of how social capital benefits innovation and entrepreneurship, existing literature has provided one dominant answer: access to information and resources.
In this study, I suggest an alternative mechanism how social capital benefits an individual's entrepreneurial transition: social networks provide potential entrepreneurs self-confidence on the promise of their new ideas and encourages their entry into the market. Using a matched sample of potential innovators, I show that an individual's participation in a local group encourages her transition to an entrepreneur, especially for those who already have the necessary skills for the transition. The empirical analysis resonates with qualitative evidence that hobbyists make the transition to entrepreneurs when encouraged by their friends. The third chapter (co-authored with Pierre Azoulay and Ezra Zuckerman) considers commitment-based typecasting among knit designers. We show that "commitment-based typecasting" has two characteristic features: asymmetry in audience valuation and retrospective reevaluation.
When a novice performer experiences an "identity shock" that suggests that she is more committed to the audience for one category than another, "betrayed" audience tends to regard her as having always been less committed to the rival audience/category. We test this theory in the domain of knitting, where there is a divide between avant-garde knitters and traditional knitters, and we show that when a novice knit designer is first published in the publication associated with one category, this elicits a retrospective devaluation of her prior work by the audience of the opposing category.
by Hyejun Kim.
Chapter 1. Sharing or Selling: Multiple Stages of Entrepreneurial Transitions in the Hobbyist Community -- Chapter 2. Knitting Community: The Role of Social Capital in Revealing and Encouraging Entrepreneurship -- Chapter 3. Never Really One of Us: Commitment-based Typecasting among Knit Designers.
Ph. D.
Ph.D. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Sloan School of Management
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30

Slaughter, Demetria M. "An examination of substance use and abuse among African American high school students." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 1994. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/2305.

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This thesis examines substance use and abuse in the context of precipitating factors. In particular, it shows how substance abuse can be triggered by certain variables such as stress. The thesis also shows different "struggles" encountered by African American students that have been found to impact the use of various illicit substances. Additionally, the thesis discusses the role of the church and its impact on the structure of the African American family as it deals with youth and drugs. Drug categories included in this study are cigarettes, alcohol, marijuana and cocaine. The study shows, through an historical perspective, how drugs entered the African American community and why they still remain. The primary data source used was a set of summarized surveys administered to schools from forty states compiled by PRIDE. Recommendations are made for various initiatives and programs designed specifically to aid in reducing substance abuse among African-Americans.
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Hope, Andrew Derek. "School Internet use : case studies in the sociology of risk." Thesis, Durham University, 2002. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3979/.

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This research uses observation, interviews and content analysis to examine the perceived and actual risks arising from Internet use in eight educational establishments. The majority of staff interviewed expressed concern about online pornography and the dangers of web based chat rooms. Additionally staff were anxious about the risks posed by hate engendering sites, websites encouraging experimentation, copyright infringement and threats to network security. In considering these school Internet risk narratives I make a distinction between concern that the student is "at risk" and that they are "dangerous”, posing a threat to the institution. I point out that in the primary schools staff talked about students solely as being "at risk", whereas in secondary schools this concern was tempered with the view that students misusing the school Internet also posed a danger to the institution. In the post-16 college Internet risks were almost solely expressed in terms of the "dangerous student". While only a sparse student risk narrative existed, with a few students anxious about on-line pornography, chat-lines and security there was non-verbal evidence indicating that students were worried about being punished for misusing the Internet. In assessing the "student- at-risk", I argue that exposure to pornography via the school Internet was not likely to pose an actual risk, while undesirable others in chat rooms, hateful websites and sites encouraging experimentation all posed actual, though statistically remote, risks. Considering the Internet activities of the "dangerous student", I found little evidence to suggest that the issues of school image, staff authority and copyright should be a source of great concern, although I note that school network security was an actual risk which deserves more attention. Finally, I consider institutional attempts to control Internet use and alleviate some of these perceived and actual risks through the use of rhetoric, exclusion and surveillance.
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Hodgson, David. "Boys in and out of school : narratives of early school leaving /." Access via Murdoch University Digital Theses Project, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20061019.140656.

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33

Dobey, Blane R. "Social capital and high school football: a game plan for the development of human and cultural capital." FIU Digital Commons, 1998. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/3068.

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The origin of this study was twofold: a concern for the lack of human and cultural capital in many of today's adolescents and a desire to understand the role that athletic participation plays in this situation. The focus of this study is to examine the development of human and cultural capital in the Black male adolescent as a result of his participation in the high school football program. This study is based on a year-long ethnography in three Miami-Dade County high school football programs. Specifically, the social capital and the resources it makes available in each football program was examined as a significant variable in the development of human and cultural capital in the adolescent. It is my hope that this study contributes to the understanding of the process and outcome of athletic participation.
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34

Saporu, Darlene F. "Suspended Opportunities? A Multi-level Analysis of the Role of School Climate and Composition in Shaping Racial Differences in School Punishment." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1343747420.

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35

Eldridge, Edward J. "A Study of the Use of Data to Implement School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports in a Large Elementary School." Thesis, Concordia University Irvine, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10282633.

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In nearly every profession, there is a general understanding that decisions should be informed and driven by data. Even in situations where individuals may not have a clear understanding of what data are needed, people have an innate understanding that more information will normally result in a more desirable outcome. Nowhere should the promise of data-based, high-quality decisions be realized more than in public schools that have answered the call to provide school-wide positive behavior interventions and supports (SWPBIS).

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of data in the implementation of SWPBIS in a large elementary school in a Northern California school district. This study assessed school personnel’s ability to access and use student data contained in the district’s data system. The study also assessed the impact of providing training to school personnel focused on accessing and using student behavior, attendance, and achievement data available in the district’s data system. A mixed methods, embedded design of a primarily quantitative quasi-experimental, one-group pretest-posttest design supplemented by qualitative data comprised the methodology for this study.

The results presented in this study contribute to research literature on the use of data in schools to improve student outcomes by providing strong support for increased data training of school personnel. There was variability between participants’ ratings of data accessibility and usefulness. Additionally, there were significant increases in participants’ ratings regarding the accessibility and usability of data points related to student behavior, attendance, and achievement as a result of data-focused professional development.

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36

Paugh, Mary Jo. "Predictors of successful school/business partnerships." The Ohio State University, 1995. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1382636456.

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37

Girardi, Zelia. "Dropout among secondary school students in Brazil : an exercise in participatory research." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1993. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/844320/.

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This study explores the reasons why students drop out from a public secondary school in Brazil, paying particular attention to within-school reasons. The theoretical point of view adopted in this research is that which considers that human nature is dialectical and education can be an instrument in the struggle to change reality. So, critical consciousness and 'resistance' must be mobilised through the pedagogical process and dialogue is one way of achieve them. The study was undertaken with dropouts, continuing students, staff, teachers and parents from a secondary school in Florianopolis - SC - Brazil. Data about drop out were gathered through different techniques such as interviews, questionnaires, participant observation, meetings and group discussions. The analysis of the data involved several meetings and group discussions with continuing students, teachers and staff, which emphasised the dialogue technique as a way of developing critical consciousness. Participatory research, which comprises the research process (social investigation) with educational activities through actions designed to deal with a specific problem was the methodological approach adopted in this research. However, for reasons such as time constraints and temporary distance between the research's residence and the school, people's participation in the present research was limited to the period of 15 months in two spells of field work (1989 and 1991-92) and was most significant as an educational activity. Real action to transform reality did not occur although students critical consciousness started to increase.
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38

von, Hippel Paul T. "Are Schools the Problem? The Effects of School on Learning and Obesity." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1277496211.

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39

Chanda-Gool, Sofia. "Contrasting perspectives within South Asian communities on school and the wider society." Thesis, University of Bath, 2003. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.288238.

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40

Croft, Alicia. "Who is Worthy of School Choice? Examining the Affects of State-Level Determinants of Charter School Access, 1991-2006." The Ohio State University, 2011. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1292532748.

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41

Croft, Alicia S. "Assessing Non-school and School Based Explanations of Student Achievement: A Case Study of Finland and Sweden." The Ohio State University, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1434972502.

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42

Indelicato, Kimberly. "An Examination of School Harassment for Middle School Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, & Questioning Students." Thesis, Loyola Marymount University, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3591947.

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Most schools are not safe environments for lesbian, gay, and bisexual students or for individuals who are questioning their sexual orientation. Harassment and victimization of lesbian, gay, bisexual, and questioning (LGBQ) students is pervasive. The harassment and victimization result in these students having higher rates of absenteeism and lower academic achievements than their peers. To date, most research has focused on primarily high school lesbian, gay, and bisexual students. Very few studies have included students questioning their sexual orientation. This quantitative descriptive study utilized an anonymous survey to gather information about middle school LGBQ students' experiences with harassment. The study included 208 middle school students. The results were compiled into three groups (lesbian/gay/bisexual, questioning, and straight) and compared. Findings indicated that LGBQ students experience significantly more harassment than straight students and questioning students are more likely to experience victimization than lesbian, gay, bisexual, and straight students. The findings support the need for middle school administrators and staff members to take steps to create more inclusive school climates for LGBQ students.

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43

Seid, Claire S. ""Becoming Leaves Kids": Cultural Creation and Transmission in Alternatively Educated High School Youth." Ohio University Honors Tutorial College / OhioLINK, 2017. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ouhonors149274333601474.

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44

Liiv, Karin E. "Defiance, Insubordination, and Disrespect: Perceptions of Power in Middle School Discipline." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:16461057.

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Defiance, insubordination, and disrespect (together, “DID”) are the most common disciplinary infractions in U.S. secondary schools (Gregory & Weinstein, 2008). Consequences for these infractions -- challenges to the power and authority of the teacher – are disproportionately borne by students of color, males, and students from low-income families (Jordan & Anil, 2009). Yet little is known about: 1. Whether demographic differences between teacher and student lead to more DID referrals, and 2. Whether differences in teachers’ understanding of defiance and power are related to different numbers of DID referrals. To explore these questions, I conducted a mixed methods study at the “Gold Star” Middle School (GSMS), a large, urban middle school in the northeast U.S. I analyzed DID referral forms (n=922) for school year 2013-14 and semi-structured interviews with teachers (n=51). I found that the number of annual DID referrals issued per teacher at GSMS is higher when teacher and student differ by race (49.8 times more than for same-race teacher/student dyads) and by gender (29.8 times more than same-gender dyads), but lower (0.38 times less) when these dyads have different experiences with poverty. However, these effects are not additive: when teacher and student differ by race and gender, a teacher issues fewer (0.96 times less) annual DID referrals than when teacher and student differ only by gender. I also found significant differences between teachers with the highest and the lowest number of annual DID referrals. High-DID teachers rarely invoke their responsibilities for student academic or behavioral outcomes, ascribe student defiance primarily to ineffective school policies, and generally view power as hierarchical in nature. Low-DID teachers, however, describe specific responsibilities to care for their students and provide them with an effective learning environment. They ascribe student defiance primarily to teacher/student relationship issues and generally view power as relational in nature. Results from this study underscore the complex role played by demographic differences between teacher and student in the disciplinary encounter, and point to the promise of exploring differences in teachers’ views of their relationships with students, defiance, and power as a means of better understanding the origins of the discipline gap.
Culture, Communities, and Education
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45

Beorchia, Ace. "Culture Matters: Career and Life Expectations and Outcomes among Business School Alumni." DigitalCommons@USU, 2018. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/7255.

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Women have made great strides in narrowing the gender gap in professional fields. However, women are still significantly underrepresented and face substantial challenges in reaching top professional positions in business. Recently, in its Life and Leadership After HBS study, the Harvard Business School surveyed its graduate school alumni to better understand “gendered dimensions of life and career that [are] crucial to advancing women leaders” (Harvard Business School 2013). This groundbreaking study found that both men and women have similar career aspirations and expectations upon graduating from HBS, yet men are more likely than women to achieve their career goals. My research extends the HBS study by asking whether or not cultural context shapes career aspirations of men and women, and if so, how? As a result, this study seeks to fill an important gap in the literature regarding the role that culture plays in influencing men’s and women’s career trajectories. By replicating the Life and Leadership after HBS survey at a large university in a state with strong traditional gender cultural norms, we can better understand the effect cultural context has on men and women’s professional careers. This study found that high-achieving men and women from a traditionalist culture have similar career and life expectations as the Harvard sample. However, the career and life outcomes for the traditionalist men and women are more traditional than they expected and more traditional in comparison to the Harvard sample. Findings show that early family formation encouraged within a traditionalist culture influences high-achieving men and women’s career aspirations. The high-achieving alumni from the traditionalist culture also appear to participate in early family formation that results in women’s paying an early motherhood penalty.
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Irby, Decoteau Jermaine. "Understanding the Zero Tolerance Era School Discipline Net: Net-widening, net-deepening, and the cultural politics of school discipline." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2009. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/46813.

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Urban Education
Ph.D.
School safety is widely recognized as an ongoing problem in United States public schools. Guided by the New Right, the school safety problem has been framed as an issue of school crime, violence, and student misbehavior that is best mitigated by zero tolerance policies. This stance has emerged as an agenda that has proven disproportionately detrimental to poor urban students of color who have experienced unforeseen levels of punishment since the Gun Free Schools Act of 1994 endorsed zero tolerance. Despite mounting evidence that zero tolerance approaches to discipline do little to deter school crime and violence or make schools safe, little ground has been gained in interrupting the ideology, policies, practices, and discourses of the zero tolerance agenda. The dissertation study theorizes and explores how ideology, cultural-politics, and discourse foster the tendency for policy creation and codification to legitimize the New Right's official knowledge of zero tolerance ideology and policy as a panacea for the school safety problem. To accomplish this, I conducted an ethnographic content analysis of codes of student conduct to examine the imbued ideologies, discourses, and policy changes that emerge from the cultural politics of managing school discipline over the last 15 years. Through this process, I lend empirical credence to the concepts of net-widening and net-deepening. With these guiding concepts, I push the field beyond the zero tolerance discourse on school safety and discipline to establish a generative alternative to understanding school discipline policies called the school discipline net framework. The results of the study establish a precedent for thinking more deeply and creatively about the perils and possibilities of school discipline policies. Major findings include the identification of several school policy changes that make the discipline experience both increasingly likely and potentially more punitive for students. Finally, through substantiating the school discipline net as a framework for discoursing, researching, guiding policy creation, and recognizing and locating sites of agency, this work establishes that it is indeed possible to engage issues critical in the field in ways that can transfer into the highly politicized school policy context dominated by New Right ideologies and discourses.
Temple University--Theses
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47

Moore, Dennis M. Jr. "Student and faculty perceptions of trust and their relationships to school success measures in an urban school district." W&M ScholarWorks, 2010. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618717.

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U.S. merchants and traders helped sustain Spanish imperial commercial networks in Venezuela and the Spanish Caribbean. Shipping foodstuffs, arms, re-exported European manufactures, and slaves to the Spanish colonies were profitable enterprises for neutral U.S. traders. Through private negotiations and even Spanish-government contracts, partnerships between Venezuelan and U.S. merchants provided the shipping tonnage and merchandise that Spanish officials and colonial elites needed most to maintain their rule and to fend off the challenges of economic and environmental crises, slave conspiracies, and revolutionary plots before 1810.
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48

Kane, Jean Ewart. "School exclusions and pupil identities." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2007. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/6931/.

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National statistics on school exclusions published annually by the Scottish Executive indicate the over-representation of particular groups within the whole group of those excluded. Official and policy accounts of school exclusion were explored and tensions found between social policy constructions of exclusion and school policy. The latter was rooted in understandings of challenging behaviour as an additional support need or as a problem of school functioning. Not only were these discourses in tension with each other, resulting in inconsistencies in practice, but both ignored the social and cultural factors structuring school exclusion statistics. In the first empirical phase of the research, key informant interviews were used to probe professional and personal experience of exclusion, to contrast these with official views, and to inform the main phase of the investigation. The second, main phase of the research used a case-study sample of twenty excluded pupils, in four secondary schools, to investigate inequitable patterns of exclusion. Data was gathered from classroom observation, from school documentation and from interviews with pupils, parents and school staff. The main focus of the enquiry was the social identities of excluded pupils. Gender was a main category of analysis in this research, and especially masculine identities since boys were so predominant in exclusion statistics. The thesis argues that school exclusions are not just an indicator of wider social exclusion but an effect of policy which pursues social justice without fair distribution of social and economic benefits. Structural inequality has ensured that children and families are differently positioned to schooling and has limited the scope of schools in fostering engagement with schooling. Increased participation particularly in curriculum planning, is nevertheless a worthwhile and realistic aim for schools seeking to minimize school exclusion.
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Adamz, Grant Scanland. "The Effect of Elementary After-School Participation on the Transition to Middle School." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2011. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2668.

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This case study takes an in-depth look at what type of students transition from elementary to middle school 21st Century Community Learning Center programs. Using binary logistic regressions, I identify key characteristics that predict whether or not a student will continue to attend the program after they transition to a new school and then discuss how to improve the attendance of after-school programs. Moreover, this case study also identifies how different school program environments serve different types of students in two cohorts starting in fifth grade. Middle school context moderates the effects of other variables that are predictive of participation in after-school programs during middle school. Thus, I demonstrate how understanding who makes successful transitions in the after-school program can help improve the sustainability and effectiveness of these programs.
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50

Williams, Lilly Jacqueline 1964. "Membership in inclusive classrooms: Middle school students' perceptions." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282410.

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Adolescents at this age seriously contemplate who they are, who their friends are, and with whom they belong. The purpose of this qualitative research study was to explore the characteristics of classroom membership as perceived by middle school students themselves and for their classmates with severe disabilities. Two inclusive middle schools were selected which consisted of 6th, 7th, and 8th grade levels. A total of fifty-one middle school students participated in the main study, of whom four students had severe disabilities. Seven focus group discussions and 16 individual interviews were conducted to obtain a fuller understanding of students' descriptions of perceptions on classroom membership for students with and without severe disabilities. Videotaped recordings were made in the inclusive classrooms such as science, math, art, and drama. Interview data analysis was conducted following the coding procedures such as the constant comparative method used in qualitative research. Videotaped observation notes were analyzed to confirm findings obtained from the interviews. In general, findings showed that middle school students perceived that having friends in class, peer interactions, actively participating in the class activities, and obtaining good grades indicated a student was a member of the class. Students perceived that teachers made them feel like members when the teachers respected them, treated them equally, had no favorites, appreciated students' work, and called on everybody to participate in the class. Students associated class activities with classroom membership. They felt part of the class when class work was fun, active, interesting, and meaningful. Students perceived similar indicators of membership for their classmates with severe disabilities. In conclusion, findings provided implications for teachers to facilitate membership and a sense of belonging for middle school students with and without disabilities in their inclusive classrooms.
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