Dissertations / Theses: 'Duplication of purchase law'

1

Strijdom, Glyniece Candice da Costa. "The duplication in the classification of funeral insurance and its effect on the policyholder: A comparative study." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/78732.

Full text

Abstract:

"Death is inevitable. A funeral, in one form or another, regardless of culture or religion, is inevitable. Obtaining insurance cover for a funeral is usually easy, generally affordable, and most importantly: based on an inevitability. It is therefore not surprising that funeral insurance is a considerable portion of Life Insurance business in South Africa. Countless South Africans ensure that, even if they have no other insurance policies in place, they have, at the very least, funeral cover for themselves or their loved ones. In terms of the Insurance Act 18 of 2017, there are a total of nine classes of Life Insurance Business, namely: Risk, Fund Risk, Credit Life, Funeral, Life Annuities, Individual Investment, Fund Investment, Income Drawdown and Reinsurance. Funeral cover can be underwritten under either the Risk class or the Funeral class of Life Insurance Business. The classes of Life Insurance Business have various prudential and market conduct standards that need to be adhered to. Although some of these standards are constant throughout the various classes, there are some standards that differ. The mini-dissertation explores these differences, as well as what effect these differences would have on the public. In essence, the author discusses the two classes in which funeral insurance can be underwritten, the various standards that are applicable to the two classes, as well as whether or not the choice of class would ultimately affect the policyholder, and if so, if said effect is to the policyholder’s detriment."
Mini Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
Mercantile Law
LLM
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

2

Chilumpha, Cassim H. "The consumer and fair exchange : a theoretical appraisal of the Malawi Hire-Purchase Act." Thesis, University of Hull, 1986. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:11275.

Full text

Abstract:

Unfair exchange is a problem which the consumer who acquires goods under credit agreement may face. The goods may be misdescribed by the supplier or he may charge an excessive rate of interest for the credit allowance made to the consumer or the supplier may insert into the credit agreement provisions which protect him at the expense of the consumer or the supplier may over-secure his interest under the agreement. The principal law which governs credit agreements in Malawi is the Hire-Purchase Act. This Act provides the basic content and form of a credit agreement and prohibits the supplier to insert certain clauses in the agreement and to engage in certain forms of conduct in relation to the agreement. This thesis analyses the Act and argues that although it seeks to ensure that the consumer gets a fair exchange from the agreement, it has a number of weaknesses which undermine achievement of that objective. First, statements made about goods and credit supplied under the agreement, the quality of those goods and sane types of security agreement which may be made in respect of the credit agreement are left to be regulated by other sources of law which are not primarily concerned with consumer protection. Secondly, the form of control created by the Act does not seem to be based on a clear and consistent policy. And third, enforcement of the Act is left to the parties to the credit agreement. The thesis is divided into nine chapters. Chapter 1 is the introduction which outlines issues dealt with in the thesis. The second chapter examines bases upon which common law controls unfair contracts and unfair contract provisions. Chapter three discusses the law which governs the quality of goods supplied under a credit agreement. Chapter 4 looks at provisions of the Hire-Purchase Act which govern credit. The fifth chapter deals with the law relating to security agreements which may be made in respect of credit agreements. Chapter G analyses all the regulatory provisions of the Hire-Purchase Act. Chapters seven and eight explore the possibility of public control of unfair exchange in these agreements. The former discusses how criminal sanctions could be used to re-enforce compliance with standards created by the Act while the latter shows that the whole regime could be made more effective by the introduction of a system of registration of traders who supply goods on credit. Chapter nine sums up all the findings of the thesis.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

3

Erasmus, Gavin Mark. "Comparative compensation systems for eminent domain, compulsory purchase and expropriation in the United States, England and South Africa, with particular reference to California." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239441.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

4

Kadletz, Andreas 1969. "Conflicts of laws in private international air law : the contracts of carriage by air, aviation insurance, aircraft purchase, finance, the creation of security rights in aircraft and a common general part." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27456.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis deals with the problems of conflicts of laws with respect to contractual private air law, focusing on those contracts which are of a practical importance. As compared to traditional studies of this legal area, this study applies a very innovative approach to the topic. Due to the vast amount of legal instruments, jurisprudence and legal writings to be handled, it does not appear appropriate to deal with the problems without pointing out common approaches, methods and solutions. In accordance with the economic legal working methods which have been developed by Middle European legal systems, and increasingly can also be observed in a number of common law systems, the aspects, which are common to all kinds of international contracts in private air law, are dealt with in a common General Part. Aspects such as the method of interpretation of international conventions, their "interrelations" with the conflicts of laws, and the general approach to "conflicts justice" (Kegel) as opposed to the modern American "Choice of Law Revolution" approaches are discussed. The Specific Part deals with the particulars of each kind of contract; significant aspects such as the effects of the new IATA Inter-Carrier Agreement (signed at Kuala Lumpur, 1995) are examined, as well as the problems which are encountered in international contracts of aviation insurance, cross-border finance of aircraft, and the creation of security rights, which, because of the sheer monetary sums involved, are of enormous practical significance. The conclusion at the end of the thesis provides two rules to resolve the conflicts of laws with respect to all contractual aspects of private international law: one single common rule as to contractual obligations, and another rule as to real rights in aircraft (iura in rem) which require a slightly different approach.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

5

Martinauskaitė, Daina. "Laivo įkeitimo ir pirkimo - pardavimo sutarčių ypatumai." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2006. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20060505_122840-96418.

Full text

Abstract:

Lietuvos Respublikos Prekybinės laivybos įstatymas pateikia laivo sąvoką: :laivas- bet kurio tipo savaeigis ar nesavaeigis plaukiojantis statinys, kuris yra ar gali būti naudojamas laivybai. Laivai, išskyrus karo laivus, pakrančių apsaugos laivus, registruojami vidaus arba jūrų laivų registruose. Rašant šį darbą pirmiausiai reikėjo išspręsti klausimą, kokios rūšies laivai bus šio darbo objektas. Dėl skirtingo šių laivų teisinio reglamentavimo šio darbo apimtis būtų per didelė. Todėl rašysime tik apie jūrinius laivus, kuriuos Lietuvos Respublikos civilinis kodeksas pripažįsta nekilnojamaisiais daiktais. Kitas kriterijus, kodėl nagrinėsime tik jūrinius laivus yra jų vertė. Jūriniai laivai lyginant su vidaus vandenų laivais yra žymiai didesnės vertės. Naujų laivų vertė siekia net milijonus litų. Sandoriai, kurie susiję su jūriniais laivais turi būti sudaromi labai apgalvotai, iki smulkmenų numatant sutarčių sąlygas, nes ateityje kilsiantys ginčai gali sukelti didelių nuostolių šalims.
Ships are goods, which participate in shipping industry as the most powerfull subjects. Contracts with ships are regulated all over the worl, mostly in marine countries. Ship mortgages, sale and purchase agreements are most risky contracts which needs strong financial support. Without some kind of security, investors will never enter into risky market. Ship are goods with great value tahts why law of ship mortages and sale need to be regulated properly with national and international legislation. This issue will focus on the law of ship mortages and sale contract in Lithuania. It will take a comparitive legal approach, comparison with the laws of the most developed common law countries in both marine legislation and shipping.-Canada, U.K.,USA And civil law countries Germany, Russian Federation.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

6

Rubner, Daniel. ""Solvat socius" statt "caveat creditor"? : Zur Haftung des GmbH-Gesellschafters wegen sog. existenzvernichtenden Eingriffs /." Baden-Baden : Nomos-Verl.-Ges, 2005. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=013319637&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

7

Bauling, Andrea. "An analysis of the evolution of the South African law on the warranty against latent defects." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/46081.

Full text

Abstract:

In this dissertation I analyse the transformation of the South African law on the warranty against latent defects. I trace the development from pre-classical Roman law through to the enactment of the Consumer Protection Act 68 of 2008 (“the CPA”). Society’s ever-changing economic requirements and moral ideals serve as the driving forces behind these continuous legal developments. Under Roman law the rules on latent defects initially applied to the sale of slaves. In contrast, modern South African law, as per the CPA and the values of the Constitution of the Republic of South Africa, 1996, specifically aims to protect the most vulnerable members of South Africa’s unequal society. The conservative approach adopted by the judiciary when adjudicating contractual matters hinders the transformation of the law of sale. Legal rules and legal thinking which reinforce traditional distributive patterns require reconsideration if societal-wide change, as demanded by the Constitution, can be imagined and accomplished. If the economic role of the contract and its power to divide and (re)distribute wealth is viewed as important, the link between poverty and the contract, and by association the consumer agreement, cannot be ignored. Contracts, and specifically basic consumer and credit agreements, are often concluded in order to facilitate survival in our current social reality. The law as it relates to consumer protection and the sale of defective goods is directly related to the contract’s role in wealth distribution. Where sales agreements are in question, the unequal bargaining power of the parties can impede the purchaser/consumer even further. The consumer’s right to good quality and safe goods creates uncertainty regarding whether or not the seller’s liability under the common law warranty against latent defects may be excluded in instances where the CPA and the common law apply simultaneously. This uncertainty, if addressed as being part of the national project of transformative constitutionalism, the only conclusion that can be drawn is that the exclusion of the seller’s liability is, paradoxically, detrimental to the very subject that the CPA and Constitution aim to protect, namely the purchaser.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2014.
tm2015
Private Law
LLM
Unrestricted

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

8

Mejía-Servan, Luis-Angel, and Luis-Angel Mejía-Servan. "Las figuras del common law usadas en los contratos de compra y venta de acciones y su recepción por el código civil." Master's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2015. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/3161.

Full text

Abstract:

La finalidad del presente trabajo es explicar cómo la legislación peruana recibe dos conceptos que han sido importados del Common Law para ser usados, bajo la legislación peruana, en operaciones de compra venta de acciones. El primer punto que se revisará en el presente trabajo es analizar si la violación a la cláusula de declaraciones y garantías cuenta con un remedio específico de acuerdo al Código Civil peruano. El segundo punto que se revisará es si la cláusula de limitación de responsabilidad en caso de falsedad o inexactitud de las declaraciones la cual es usada en el Common Law es válida de acuerdo a la legislación peruana
Trabajo de investigación

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

9

Fröberg, Emma. "Protection of Women in the Sex Industry- A Comparative Study of Sweden's and Canada's Prostitution Legislations." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för kultur och samhälle (KS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-22621.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this thesis is to come to an understanding of the reasoning behind the enactments of Sweden's Sex Purchase law and Canada's Bill C-36. Furthermore, to discuss how the two legislations regarding prostitution have changed the protection for women in the sex industry. The methods used in this study is a Comparative Method, specifically, a Most Similar System Design, and an Argumentation Analysis. These methods are used in conjunction with three theories — History of Prostitution Models, Sociology of Law, and the Paradoxes of Rights. The result of the analysis shows that Canada's Bill C-36 is based on conservative reasoning with a focus on the abolishment of prostitution. The Swedish Sex Purchase law focuses on the criminalization of the purchase of sexual services instead of the seller. They reason that by shifting the responsibility on the purchaser, social norms and stigma regarding sex workers will change.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

10

Fořtová, Zuzana. "Právní úkony na internetu v českém a německém právu." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-5320.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis compares Czech and German law concerning contract of purchase on the internet, where one of the contractual partner is consumer. It compares and evaluate constract of purchase in general, then the implementation of European directives concerning consumer rights.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

11

Berg, Malin, and Frida Poulsen. "Konkurrensbegränsande köperbjudanden : - Står marknadsföringslagen i strid med konkurrenslagen?" Thesis, Karlstad University, Karlstad University, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-6316.

Full text

Abstract:

Uppsatsens syfte är att söka bringa klarhet i huruvida de krav som finns i 12 § Marknadsföringslagen (MFL) är förenliga med artikel 101(1) Lissabonfördraget samt 2:1 Konkurrenslagen (KL). I arbetet kommer rättsdogmatisk metod att användas, vilket innebär redogörelse av hur de aktuella rättsreglerna är utformade (de lege lata) samt hur de kan tänkas revideras (de lege ferenda). Marknadsföring nyttjas av många företag i näringslivet, marknadsföring får företagen att synas på marknaden och därmed nå ut till konsument och näringsidkare. Att utforma ett köperbjudande, en bestämd produkt tillsammans med ett angivet pris är en marknadsföringsmetod. Hur ett köperbjudande skall vara utformat finns reglerat i 12 § MFL. Syftet med bestämmelsen i 12 § är att skydda konsumenten mot vilseledande marknadsföring som kan hindra konsumenten att fatta ett välgrundat affärsbeslut.

Den problematik som nu uppkommit vid tillämpning av 12 § var från konkurrensverket (KKV) förutspådd. Problematiken vid tillämpningen av 12 § MFL uppstår då fristående företag tillsammans utformar ett köperbjudande i sin marknadsföring. Samarbetet om det exakta priset är något som enligt MFL är tillåtet medan det enligt artikel 101 (1) Lissabonfördraget och 2:1 KL utgör ett otillåtet prissamarbete. Skulle företagen för att undkomma att handla i strid med de konkurrensrättsliga bestämmelserna välja att ange ett från- eller cirkapris strider det mot de marknadsrättsliga reglerna. Förfarandet medför att företag utom den ekonomiska enheten inte har någon möjlighet att marknadsföra sig tillsammans i form av ett köperbjudande utan att agera i strid med lagen. Detta är en konsekvens som kan komma resultera i att företag väljer att utelämna priset ur marknadsföringen, något som är till nackdel för konsumenten.

En lösning av en del av problemet vore att Sverige, precis som England inför ett tredje rekvisit för köperbjudande. Detta innebär att köperbjudandet måste ligga nära avtalsslutet. Konsumenten skall ha möjlighet att köpa produkten genom den information som anges i köperbjudandet. På så sätt skulle det vara möjligt för fristående företag att gå samman om marknadsföring som inte ligger nära avtalsslutet. De undkommer då bestämmelserna angående exakt pris som anges 12 § MFL vilket i sin tur innebär att en priskartell enligt artikel 101 (1) Lissabonfördraget och 2:1 KL inte ligger för handen.

The following essay has been written with the purpose to find out if 12 § Marketing Act (MFL) is compatible with article 101 (1) Treaty of Lisbon and 2:1 Competition law. A legal dogmatic method was applied in the essay, which means that it took into account the rules of law (de lege lata) and how the law should be written (de lege ferenda). Marketing is used by many manufacturers with the purpose to reach out to and inform the consumer about their products. In order to reach that goal, many manufacturers use by-offers, showing a product jointly with a price. The marketing Act aims to eliminate misleading marketing procedures. Therefore, 12 § was created to regulate these invitation to purchase. The rule is constructed with the purpose to protect consumers against misleading marketing and prevent the consumer from making the wrong economical decision.

The problems that would arise with the application of the law were already predicted by the Swedish Competition Authority before the law came into effect in the Marketing Act. The application difficulties with 12 § appeared when smaller manufacturers that were not within the same economical unit constructed a concerted invitation to purchase. The proceeding had to be considered as an illegitimate price cooperation according to article 101 (1) Treaty of Lisbon and also 2:1 Competition law.

If the manufakturers, with the wish to not act in conflict with the competition laws, would state a price that is not exact, they would act in conflict with the Marketing Act. A consequence of this problem could be that the manufacturers do not include prices in their commercials in order to get away from the rule of invitations to purchase. This can lead to disadvantages for the consumers because they cannot take part of the prices that smaller manufacturers have, which will inevitably lead toward a limited overview of the marked on their behalf.

To solve the problem, England has introduced a third prerequisite for invitations to purchase. The third prerequisite specifies that the invitation to purchase has to make it possible for the consumer to actually buy the product. The invitation to purchase has to be close to an agreement between the manufacturer and the consumer. In that case, all the commercials that do not make it possible for the consumer to actually buy the product will not be considered as an invitation to purchase. This would make 12 § MFL unfeasible and would lead towards a development in which the small manufacturers that are not within the same economical unit would be able to cooperate with their commercials without acting against article 101 (1) Treaty of Lisbon and also 2:1 KL.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

12

Kadletz, Andreas. "Conflicts of laws in private international air law, the contracts of carriage by air, aviation insurance, aircraft purchase, finance, the creation of security rights in aircraft and a common general part." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp04/mq29831.pdf.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

13

Gidhammar, Maria, and Johanna Heinemo. "“Vårt uppdrag är oändligt men våra resurser är ändliga” : En kvalitativ intervjustudie om yrkesverksammas upplevelser av svårigheter med att motverka prostitution." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Institutionen för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-41217.

Full text

Abstract:

Prostitution är ett komplext, världsomfattande samhällsproblem som kan leda till flertalet negativa konsekvenser för den utsatta. I Sverige har köp av sexuella tjänster varit kriminaliserat sedan år 1999 och den svenska regeringen lägger stor vikt vid bekämpandet av prostitution. Trots detta är prostitution ett utbrett problem i Sverige. Flertalet kartläggningar indikerar att fenomenet ökar, framförallt via internet, samt att det tycks gå ner i åldrarna. Tidigare forskning inom området visar att svårigheter med att motverka problemet bland annat beror teknologins framväxt, attityder och normer i samhället och brist på resurser inom rättsväsendet. Syftet med föreliggande studie är att undersöka svårigheter med att förebygga prostitution ur yrkesverksammas perspektiv, samt vad som kan göras för att förbättra det förebyggande arbetet. Genom kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer och en tillämpning av rutinaktivitetsteorin besvaras studiens frågeställningar. Resultatet visar att bristen på personal och kompetens, den ökade tillgängligheten via internet samt porrens påverkan på attityder och normer försvårar motverkandet av prostitution. Därtill visas att ytterligare åtgärder krävs, bland annat tidiga insatser gällande utbildning samt en omarbetning av sexköpslagen.
Prostitution is a complex, worldwide societal problem that can lead to several negative consequences for the victim. In Sweden, the purchase of sexual services has been criminalized since 1999, and the Swedish government allocates great importance to combat prostitution. Despite this, prostitution is a widespread problem in Sweden. Various studies indicate that the phenomenon is increasing, primarily via the internet, and that prostitution seems to be declining with age. Previous research in the field shows that difficulties in counteracting the problem are partly due to the development of technology, attitudes and norms in society and a lack of resources in the judicial system. The purpose of the present study is to investigate difficulties in preventing prostitution from the perspective of professionals, as well as what can be done to improve the preventive work. Through a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews and an application of the routine activity theory, the research questions are answered. The results show that the lack of personal with relevant skills, the increased accessibility via the internet and the impact of porn on attitudes and norms make it more difficult to counteract prostitution. In addition, it is shown that further measures are required, including early efforts regarding education and a adjustment of the Sex Purchase Act.

2021-01-13

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

14

Buendía-De-los-Santos, Lillian-Loana. "Venta ilegal de predios mediante la falsa representación." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad de Lima, 2017. http://repositorio.ulima.edu.pe/handle/ulima/4520.

Full text

Abstract:

El interés que me motiva a realizar la presente investigación es tratar de determinar si se está haciendo una adecuada interpretación del Art. 161 de Código Civil en cuanto a la responsabilidad de los actos realizados por el <> Puesto que, en la realidad peruana se ven una serie de casos en los cuales gente con escasos recursos que quiere concretizar el sueño de la casa propia o que son despojadas de su propiedad, se ven envueltas en una serie de engaños por inescrupulosas personas que <> y cuyo único cometido es enriquecerse a costa de otros.
Tesis

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

15

Pereira, Bruno Barcellos. "Mecanismos de mitigação de danos na convenção de Viena sobre compra e venda internacional de mercadorias." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2017. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/3741.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-07-28T18:29:07Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Barcellos Pereira.pdf: 734324 bytes, checksum: 762042239634bfe73f5374a41715ae82 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T18:29:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Bruno Barcellos Pereira.pdf: 734324 bytes, checksum: 762042239634bfe73f5374a41715ae82 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28
In this globalized world, the international trade of goods and the capital movements between parties based in two or more countries has grown rapidly and dynamically. Over the years, these commercial transactions have generated legal uncertainty in international trade relations, both for sellers and buyers, since there was no uniformity in the standards that would be applied to solve the problems arising from international trade, such as: lack of delivery of goods, non-conformity of delivered goods, delivery of goods beyond the contract deadline, non-conforming international purchase and sale documentation, delivery of goods in a place other than the named place of destination, as well as any other substantial default under the purchase and sale agreement. The aforementioned issues cause financial, economic and tax losses, since the economic balance of the agreement is bound to its fulfillment in the terms in which it was entered into. This situation was exacerbated by the lack of a uniform standard, and by the fact that some countries follow the civil law system, while others follow the common law. Thus, a movement began in search of a uniformization of standards, culminating in the approval of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. In this sense, the present dissertation approaches, first, the historical evolution, the approval of the text of the Convention and its normative structure. Afterwards, we discuss the application of the Convention in national territory from the perspective of the treaty. Next, an analysis will be carried out on the overall trading system and the good faith of the contracting parties. In sequence, we will assess the instruments of mitigation of damages in the international trade of goods, highlighting and studying their mechanisms, and how the Convention aims to mitigate the damages in international trade. All to conclude whether the means proposed by the international treaty can produce the desired effects or not.
No cenário de um mundo globalizado, a relação de compra e venda internacional de mercadorias e a circulação de capital, entre partes sediadas em dois ou mais países, cresceram de forma rápida e dinâmica. Ao longo dos anos, essas transações comerciais geraram inseguranças nas relações jurídicas internacionais, tanto para os vendedores quanto para os compradores, posto que não havia uma uniformidade quanto à norma que seria aplicada para dirimir os problemas advindos do comércio internacional, tais como: a falta de entrega das mercadorias, mercadorias em desconformidade com as contratadas, entrega de mercadorias fora do prazo contratado, documentação da compra e venda internacional em desconformidade, entrega de mercadorias fora do lugar de destino, bem como qualquer outro inadimplemento substancial do contrato de compra e venda. Os citados problemas geram danos financeiros, econômicos e tributários, posto que o equilíbrio econômico do contrato está vinculado ao seu cumprimento nos termos em que foi celebrado. Essa situação era agravada em face à inexistência de uma norma uniforme, e pelo fato de alguns países adotarem a civil law e outros, o sistema da common law. Assim sendo, iniciou-se um movimento em busca da harmonização das normas, culminando na aprovação da Convenção sobre Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação aborda, primeiramente, a evolução histórica, a aprovação do texto da Convenção e a sua estrutura normativa. Após, será discutida a aplicação da Convenção em território nacional sob a ótica do tratado. Em seguida, será realizada análise sobre o sistema comercial global e da boa-fé dos contratantes. Por seguinte, serão avaliados os instrumentos de mitigação de danos no comércio de mercadorias internacionais, salientando e estudando os seus mecanismos, e como a Convenção pretende mitigar os danos no comércio internacional, para ao final, concluir se os meios propostos pelo tratado internacional são capazes de gerar os efeitos desejados ou não.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

16

Bacellar, Luis Fernando. "Regularização fundiária em terrenos de marinha." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2017. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/3761.

Full text

Abstract:

Submitted by Rosina Valeria Lanzellotti Mattiussi Teixeira (rosina.teixeira@unisantos.br) on 2017-07-28T19:07:13Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Fernando Bacellar.pdf: 701385 bytes, checksum: d64306a2f526baa5c5dafb91486390f9 (MD5)
Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-28T19:07:13Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luis Fernando Bacellar.pdf: 701385 bytes, checksum: d64306a2f526baa5c5dafb91486390f9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-28
In this globalized world, the international trade of goods and the capital movements between parties based in two or more countries has grown rapidly and dynamically. Over the years, these commercial transactions have generated legal uncertainty in international trade relations, both for sellers and buyers, since there was no uniformity in the standards that would be applied to solve the problems arising from international trade, such as: lack of delivery of goods, non-conformity of delivered goods, delivery of goods beyond the contract deadline, non-conforming international purchase and sale documentation, delivery of goods in a place other than the named place of destination, as well as any other substantial default under the purchase and sale agreement. The aforementioned issues cause financial, economic and tax losses, since the economic balance of the agreement is bound to its fulfillment in the terms in which it was entered into. This situation was exacerbated by the lack of a uniform standard, and by the fact that some countries follow the civil law system, while others follow the common law. Thus, a movement began in search of a uniformization of standards, culminating in the approval of the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods. In this sense, the present dissertation approaches, first, the historical evolution, the approval of the text of the Convention and its normative structure. Afterwards, we discuss the application of the Convention in national territory from the perspective of the treaty. Next, an analysis will be carried out on the overall trading system and the good faith of the contracting parties. In sequence, we will assess the instruments of mitigation of damages in the international trade of goods, highlighting and studying their mechanisms, and how the Convention aims to mitigate the damages in international trade. All to conclude whether the means proposed by the international treaty can produce the desired effects or not.
No cenário de um mundo globalizado, a relação de compra e venda internacional de mercadorias e a circulação de capital, entre partes sediadas em dois ou mais países, cresceram de forma rápida e dinâmica. Ao longo dos anos, essas transações comerciais geraram inseguranças nas relações jurídicas internacionais, tanto para os vendedores quanto para os compradores, posto que não havia uma uniformidade quanto à norma que seria aplicada para dirimir os problemas advindos do comércio internacional, tais como: a falta de entrega das mercadorias, mercadorias em desconformidade com as contratadas, entrega de mercadorias fora do prazo contratado, documentação da compra e venda internacional em desconformidade, entrega de mercadorias fora do lugar de destino, bem como qualquer outro inadimplemento substancial do contrato de compra e venda. Os citados problemas geram danos financeiros, econômicos e tributários, posto que o equilíbrio econômico do contrato está vinculado ao seu cumprimento nos termos em que foi celebrado. Essa situação era agravada em face à inexistência de uma norma uniforme, e pelo fato de alguns países adotarem a civil law e outros, o sistema da common law. Assim sendo, iniciou-se um movimento em busca da harmonização das normas, culminando na aprovação da Convenção sobre Compra e Venda Internacional de Mercadorias. Nesse sentido, a presente dissertação aborda, primeiramente, a evolução histórica, a aprovação do texto da Convenção e a sua estrutura normativa. Após, será discutida a aplicação da Convenção em território nacional sob a ótica do tratado. Em seguida, será realizada análise sobre o sistema comercial global e da boa-fé dos contratantes. Por seguinte, serão avaliados os instrumentos de mitigação de danos no comércio de mercadorias internacionais, salientando e estudando os seus mecanismos, e como a Convenção pretende mitigar os danos no comércio internacional, para ao final, concluir se os meios propostos pelo tratado internacional são capazes de gerar os efeitos desejados ou não.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

17

Forsberg, Bella, and Jenny Larsson. "Vad anses som en kritisk punkt där skadeståndsskyldighet enligt principen culpa in contrahendo aktualiseras?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-42911.

Full text

Abstract:

Mycket kan gå fel när en part, i ett sent skede, väljer att hoppa av avtalsförhandlingarna i samband med ett bostadsköp eller en bostadsförsäljning. I svensk rätt är fastighetsköpet ett formalavtal vilket innebär att inget är bindande förrän formkraven är uppfyllda. Detta möjliggör att en part illojalt kan föra avtalsförhandlingar utan avsikt att ingå avtal, medan motparten ådrar sig kostnader som senare visar sig utan mening. I denna uppsats undersöks rättsfiguren culpa in contrahendo som innebär att en part som av oaktsamhet orsakat en skada för motparten i anknytning till avtalsförhandlingarna, kan komma att bli ersättningsskyldig för den inträffade skadan. Inte nog med att det krävs ett oaktsamt agerande för att ett prekontraktuellt ansvar skall aktualiseras ställs det även krav, utifrån rättspraxis och doktrin, på att avtalsförhandlingarna uppnått en kritisk punkt där lojalitetsplikten träder in. Syftet med denna uppsats är att försöka bringa klarhet i vad som kan betraktas som en kritisk punkt där ett skadeståndsansvar enligt principen om culpa in contrahendo blir gällande. Studien är främst baserad på en rättsvetenskaplig metod, som komplement har också en kvantitativ metod applicerats i form av en enkätundersökning. Utifrån rättspraxis har det kunnat fastställas att en kritisk punkt går att jämföra med de situationer där parterna undertecknat ett föravtal. Resultatet från enkätundersökningen visar att den kritiska punkten möjligen har sitt inträdande i samband med att en av parterna undertecknar köpekontraktet. Viktigt att understryka är att respondenternas svar inte kan betraktas som gällande rätt.
A lot of things can go wrong when a part, at a late stage, exits during contract negotiations in connection with property conveyances. In Swedish law, the property purchase is a formal agreement, which means that nothing becomes binding until the formal requirements are met. This allows a part to disloyally negotiate agreements without intending to enter a contract, while the other part incurs costs that later prove meaningless. This essay investigates the legal figure culpa in contrahendo, which means that a part whose negligence causes an injury to the counterpart in connection with the contract negotiations may be liable for the damage. Not only is negligent behaviour required for a pre-contractual liability to be triggered, but there is also requirement, based on case law and jurisprudence, that the contract negotiations have reached a critical point where the duty of loyalty enters. The purpose of this essay is to try to clarify what can be considered a critical point where liability for damages according to the principle of culpa in contrahendo becomes valid. The study is mainly based on a legal method. As a complement, a quantitative method in the form of a study has been applied. Based on case law, it has been possible to establish that a critical point can be compared with the situations where the parties have signed a preliminary agreement. The results from the survey show that the critical point may have arisen when one of the parties signed the contract. It is important to emphasize that the respondent’s answers cannot be regarded as applicable law.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

18

Lundström, Elisabet. "Sexköpslagens glömda kvinnor - En diskursanalytisk studie av bilden av prostitution i teori och praktik." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för socialt arbete - Socialhögskolan, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-55185.

Full text

Abstract:

In Sweden prostitution is by many considered to be a social problem that primarily affects women. To counteract prostitution is a political priority and as a result the purchase of sexual services is prohibited by law. Since the law that prohibits the purchase of sexual services entered into force it has been continuously debated and widely disputed. The aim of this thesis is to compare the image of prostitution found in the travaux préparatoires of the law with four sex workers’ view of the phenomenon. A discourse analysis is performed to establish which images of prostitution appear in theory and in practice. The results show that the images of prostitution in the travaux préparatoires of the law differ widely from the views expressed by the interviewees. The discourses identified in the travaux préparatoires unanimously emphasize the injurious effects of the prostitution and the exposed situation of the sex workers. In the discourses identified in the interview material the businesslike aspects of prostitution and the sex workers’ autonomy is emphasized. The results raise questions about the completeness of the travaux préparatoires and bring the need for studies where different groups of sex workers are questioned to the fore.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

19

Eriksson, Evelina. "Socialarbetares möjligheter att stödja sexförsäljare : En intervjustudie och diskursiv analys av hur tre socialarbetare uppfattar att sexköpslagen och de yrkesetiska principerna för socialarbetare påverkar deras möjligheter att stödja sexförsäljare." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Religionsvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-27461.

Full text

Abstract:

The purpose of this study is to examine social workers’ discourses about the Swedish sex purchase law and how they perceive that the sex purchase law and the social workers’ professional ethical principles affect the social workers’ ability to support people who are selling sex. This study is a discourse analytical interview study based on a social constructionist perspective. The study focuses on analyzing the interviews based upon an inductive method. The interviews are qualitative and semi-structured. The interviews were conducted by interviews with three social workers with experiences of working with people who sell sex. The central focus of the study is to analyze the social workers’ statements that are regarded as their perceptions. The statements serve as arguments that answers the purpose questions. The results show that the interviewed social workers perceive that the sex purchase laws do affect the social workers’ ability to support people who sell sex. On the other hand, they show disagreement on whether the social workers’ professional ethical principles affected the social workers’ ability to support people who sell sex.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

20

Mansfield, Annabel. "How do tourism destinations compete? an analysis of the duplication of Purchase Law." 2004. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/25011.

Full text

Abstract:

The objective of this research was to examine the competitive structure of the international tourist market, to establish how and with whom destinations compete. Instead of adopting traditional perceptual methods for identifying and describing competitors, this thesis takes an empirical approach by applying the behaviourally grounded Duplication of Purchase Law. The Duplication of Purchase (DOP) Law is an empirical generalisation that illustrates the structure of competitive markets through simple patterns of repeat purchase (Goodhardt, Ehrenberg et al. 1984). It states that brands share their customers with other brands in line with penetration levels, where penetration is the proportion of people who buy an item at all in any given time period (Uncles, Ehrenberg et al. 1995; Ehrenberg, Uncles et al. 2003). This means that any brand will share customers more with other bigger brands and far less with the smaller brands. Consequently, it is a very useful tool that can help identify and predict the competitive market structure, by simply knowing each individual brand's market share. This research specifically addresses whether the DOP Law can be successfully applied to the international tourist market using destinations as brands. It analyses and predicts how brands such as 'Destination France' or Destination USA' compete on an international scale, and discusses the instances where the competition is identified as being substantially more, or less, intense. Such exceptions to the DOP Law are often referred to as 'partitions'.
thesis (MBusiness-Research)--University of South Australia, 2004.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

21

Murphy, Travis. "Buying across price tiers in the Australian wine market." 2006. http://arrow.unisa.edu.au:8081/1959.8/46371.

Full text

Abstract:

This masters thesis titled 'Buying across price tiers in the Australian wine market' explores if the duplication of purchase law (DoP) can be used to describe how consumers purchase across price tiers. The law has traditionally been used to describe how consumers buy across different brands in repeat purchase markets over time. This thesis builds on the generalisability of the DoP law by applying it to how consumers buy from different price tiers in a market where much price choice exists.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

22

Li-Min, Chuang, and 莊立旻. "Ship Sale and Purchase ── Law and Practice." Thesis, 1993. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38993837669142220446.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

23

Li-chun, Peng, and 彭麗春. "A study of complaints system on government purchase law." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/58562095884011526303.

Full text

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

24

Fernandes, Diana Vieira. "Power purchase agreements." Master's thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10362/56406.

Full text

Abstract:

As construções criadas através da abstração e fīdūcia, como moeda corrente, precisam de construções diferentes das aplicadas às realidades corpóreas. Energia, por natureza e, agora, por intenção legislativa, é dinâmica, fungível e representa mudança que não é possível harmonizar com a lógica do conjunto de “coisas” imutáveis, determinadas e concretas. Isto exige análise meta-jurídica (como a construção dominante não se sustenta para fenômenos incorpóreos e dinâmicos) e uma reconstrução de entidades e classes, de uma entidade (substância), para o sistema. Além de "coisas", são rēs, não apenas o que é "percebido pelos sentidos", mas também, o que emerge da autonomia da vontade. Além disso, o tempo é uma variável contínua e, não podemos postular um ordenamento jurídico onde todos os fenômenos (e normas) são discretos. Esta dissertação está estruturada em 5 capítulos: I - Substantia (como a eletricidade, é o objecto do contrato) vai ser tratado: § (De)construção (constitutiva) de posição jurídica unilateral (fōrma), com base no princípio da autonomia da vontade (associado à responsabilidade), limitada pelo princípio da boa fé. Seus atributos, em relação a outras posições aquisitivas (testando), como um direito dispositivo e seus efeitos e, soluções subsequentes (e correções) dentro do ordenamento jurídico. § Categorias, como a criação de entidade ou definição, dos atributos de uma determinada substância. Derivado, os conceitos de Commixtiō e Cōnfūsiō também serão abordados. § Posição, em que é definida a substantia do PPA. II - Vectores, a direcção (como a transferência de uma determinada posição) ligada com o tempo, sob um sistema causal e consensual, integrados no MIBEL e as suas modalidades contratuais, como mercado de futuros. Por fim será construído, como um contrato contínuo com vários despachos (como uma função vectorial).III – Tensores, são apresentadas as várias transformações, que um conjunto de elementos e entidades podem definir para alcançar a sua causa final, nomeadamente, se for utilizada uma infraestrutura comum. IV - Sistema, onde substantia, vectores e tensores se inserem, no sistema de referência, nomeadamente os termos e condições, em conexão com os regulamentos actuais que (podem) formatar tais termos, como o transporte e despacho. V - Epílogo, são as conclusões finais e observações. É resumido nos anexos: § Descrição do mercado e suas dependências, devido à natureza da energia. § A compreensão na doutrina, jurisprudência e, outros sistemas jurídicos.
The constructions created through abstraction and fīdūcia, as currency, needed different constructions of the ones applied to corporeal realities. Energy, by nature, and now, by legal intent, is dynamic, fungible and represents a change that is not possible to harmonise with the logic of the immutable, determined and concrete set of “things”. This demands a meta-juristic analysis (as the dominant construction does not hold incorporeal and dynamic phenomena) and, reconstruction of entities and classes, from an entity (substantia), to the system. Besides “things” there are facts, not only those “perceived by the senses” but also, emerging from the autonomy of the will. Also, time is a continuous variable and, we cannot postulate a legal system where all phenomena (and norms) are discrete. This dissertation is structured into 5 chapters, whereas: I - Substantia, as electricity, is the subject matter of the analysed contract, it will be analysed: § The (de)construction of (constitutive) unilateral juridical position (fōrma), based on the principle of autonomy of the will (associated with responsibility), limited by the principle of good faith. Its attributes, namely regarding other acquisitive positions (tested), as the right of disposal and effects and, subsequent solutions (and corrections) within the legal system. § Categories, as entity creation or definition, as attributes of a given substance. As a derivative, the concepts of Commixtiō and Cōnfūsiō are also addressed. § Position, where it is defined the substantia of the PPA. II - Vectors, the direction (as the transfer of a given position) linked with time, under a causal and consensual system, integrated with MIBEL, its contracting modalities, namely as a futures market). Lastly, will be constructed, as a continuous contract with several dispatches (as a vector value function). III – Tensors, presents several transformations, that a set of elements and entities may define, for achieving its final cause, namely if using a common infrastructure.IV - System, takes substantia, vectors and tensors, and are inserted in a coordinate system, namely the main terms and conditions, connecting with the current regulations that (may) shape such terms, as transportation and dispatch. V - Epilogue, are the final conclusions and remarks. There are summarised in the annexes: § Description of the market and its dependencies, due to the nature of energy; § Understanding, doctrine, jurisprudence and, other legal systems.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

25

Lee, Yang-Ling, and 李燕鈴. "Study on the Tax Law of Re-purchase Agreement and Re-sales Agreement." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87373t.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
中原大學
財經法律研究所
92
This research primarily focuses on the re-purchase agreement and re-sales agreement. It analyzes the regulations by comparing the differences between Taiwan and the United States . Issues that involve “re-purchase agreement” and “re-sales agreement” will be further analyzed from tax law domain so as to furnish a proposition for further improvement. The scheme of the discussion is divided into six chapters as follows: Part Ⅰillustrates the motivation , methods ,limitations and realm of the research . PartⅡ analyzes the real time practice of performing “re-purchase agreement” and “re-sales agreement” between Taiwan and the United States. PartⅢ discusses on the tax law of the re-purchase agreement and re-sales agreement in Taiwan, and analyzes the regulatory scheme in the United States. PartⅣ demonstrates issues of the re-purchase agreement and re-sales agreement in Taiwan , such as the tax law, the tax accounting ,the financial accounting . PartⅤ discusses the difference between the United States and Taiwan’s regulations of re-purchase agreement and re-sales agreement in order to have a new view of the current laws. PartⅥ concludes the former discussions in Taiwan’s Regulatory scheme of re-purchase agreement and re-sales agreement .Furthermore, this research establish Taiwan’s regulatory of “re-purchase agreement” and “re-sales agreement”.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

26

Laio, Chuan-Ho, and 廖傳賀. "Enclose the research of marking the crime -Regard 87th regulation of law of purchase of the government as." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03231185166377421801.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
國立中正大學
法律學研究所
100
Abstract Government procurement involves the huge business opportunity, its profit is often coveted by unworthy manufacturer, and in the drawback that government procurement produces, most by enclosing and marking crimes emerging in behavior. Because of it, our country while making the law of purchase of the government, belong to fair play originally especially law the norm will be enclosed and marking the behavior, bring into penalty clause chapter of this law, and the 87th norm of Israel, this France, encloses and marks the behavioral punishment important document. But the norm that can accord with the law of purchase of the government when the manufacturer is in order to join and marks, often join and mark to others ' borrow the card ', use to accord with the requirement which has reached three manufacturers of calling for bid for the first time, also increase the chance to have one's tender accepted at the same time, it thinks this measure just wants to obtain the marking case and have no intention of the crime simply, examine, investigate, obtain but cheat the skill to enclose with the intersection of law and 87th item 3 this and mark the crime to prosecute often, wait till, accord with, declare to court innocent with often try, cause Yu MinGuo to increase the regulation definitely ' borrow the card and enclose and mark the crime ' in item 5 of this string while repairing the law in 91 years. This text it thinks to be if simple to borrow card, join, mark, namely construct with punish, have, violate the intersection of criminal law and ' modest to restrain the principle ' supposition probably while being criminal. This text studies and encloses the criminal offence that is marked as the centre with article 87 of the law of purchase of the government, and punish it to stipulates and is near the comparative analysis of various countries, hope to look for out and reduce and enclose the method to mark crime from it, at least can make, enclose, mark behavior, reduce to social hostile than strong violence, if can prevent enclosing and marking the criminal offence to control the measure with the administration, how could have reason not used, only utilize the penalty norm while having no other way out after using up all means and methods, is not this exactly a supreme guideline of criminal law? Because of it, this text thinks the so-called ' administrative criminal law ' of ' penalty clause ' of the law of purchase of the government, every behavior used and is punished criminally, belong to the criminal and illegal criminal, but not the administration makes; In order to avoid the question of ' the loose disease of subsidiary criminal law ', enclosing the behavior of marking the crime relevantly should return to the norm of criminal law. Hope the research of making use of this text develops a little contribution to law of purchase of the government. So this text, to borrowing the card and accompanying and marking the crime of the 87th item 5 of law of purchase of the government, propose revising clauses as follows, offer reference: 87 piece item 5 ( Borrow the card and join and mark the crime) The intention influences purchasing the result or can not obtain strought the interests, but use others' name or certificate bidder, sentence to the fixed-term imprisonment under three years, must combine fine of under department's new Taiwan dollar of 1 million yuan. It permit use others one's own name or certificate last bidder,also and. But can prove it has belonged to good will or already done to the person who tells obligation, is not subject to the limits. Keyword: The intersection of government and law of purchase, enclose, mark, borrow card enclose, mark and violence enclose mark, cheat skill enclose and mark

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

27

Chung, Liu Ching, and 留敬中. "Law issue of Re-Purchase Agreement and its effect of breach of contract--focus on money market trade." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70910837129211332235.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
東吳大學
法律學系研究所
88
Re-Purchase agreement is the most important trade in modern financial industry,this thesis discusses following controversial issues: 1.what is the foundamental essence of RP ? a transaction or mortgage loan ? 2.If one party is breach of agreement or bankrupcy, who owns the securities? 3.If one party can owns the securities, should he sell it immedietely? 4.If one party sells the securities,who owns the overage(the amount which excesses the maturity of RP price) 5.A study of 4 important American precedents.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

28

jen, Lu Chung, and 呂忠仁. "The Impact of Government Purchasing Law on the Purchase of Sports Facility－Case Study on the Chinese Taipei Delegation." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/33657876482291512878.

Full text

Abstract:

碩士
臺北巿立體育學院
運動科學研究所
91
Abstract The purpose of this study was to understand government purchasing law, the purchase of sports facility and the influence of the implementation of government purchase law on the sports groups, studying the Busan Asian Games as a case. This study investigates the problems encountered by the sports groups when purchasing sports facility, whose influence to athletes and some suggestions for future reference. It is a hope that the result of this study can be provided to government and civil organizations for their future reference. This study was written with support from analyzing the questionnaires of the impact of the government purchasing law on the sports groups, sampling from 46 staff of Busan Asian Games participating groups, and the results of the study are as follows: 1. Most of the staff think that the implementation of the government purchasing law has made the purchase of sports facility deficient, lack of administration back up and that a clear system be set up. 2. Most of the staff disagrees that the government purchasing law should imply to the national sports teams when purchasing sports facility, for it takes time to facilitate the procedures. Besides, designated sports facility does not allow to be replaced by others. 3. In general, the efficiency of purchasing training facility is vital to the improvement of the skill and result of the athletes. 4. To sum up, suggestions are that modification of the purchasing law or addition to relative regulations of the sports purchasing law can be made or in consultation with that of the other fields.

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

29

Dočekalová, Libuše. "Koupě obchodního závodu - komparace českého a německého práva." Master's thesis, 2018. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-372650.

Full text

Abstract:

This thesis compares assets deals under Czech and German law. It provides an analysis of the concept of a business undertaking from the point of view of Czech and German law, draws attention to the various transfer mechanisms of a business undertaking, and assesses and compares the position and risks of the purchaser and third parties when buying a business. The first part of the thesis defines the concept of a business undertaking under Czech law and explains its nature under German law, taking into account that German law has no legal definition of a business undertaking. The chapter concludes with an explanation of the similar aspects of the understanding of a business undertaking in both countries, while also highlighting the differences under Czech and German law. In the second part of the thesis, business undertakings as an object of purchase are examined by means of a comparative method. An analysis of the two different ways of structuring the transfer of a business undertaking is provided: transfer of the whole business undertaking vs its transfer as an aggregate of individual items through a singular succession. The third part of the thesis is dedicated to the position of the purchaser, focussing mainly on the risk of assumption of debts pertaining to the business undertaking and the...

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

30

Andargie, Abyote Abebe. "A comparison of capital rules governing financial assistance by a company in South African and English company law." Diss., 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/11956.

Full text

Abstract:

The Companies Act of 71 of 2008 makes a number of important changes to the rules relating to capital maintenance. In line with the objectives of the Companies Act of 71 of 2008, section 44 of the Act has removed the prohibition on the provision of financial assistance by a company which was contained under the previous section 38 of the Companies Act 61 of 1973. Despite the repeal of the prohibition, a transaction which involves the provision of financial assistance by a company for the acquisition of or subscription of its own securities still needs to be effected in accordance with the requirements and conditions that are provided under the Act and Memorandum of Incorporation. To explore the new developments, within this study, the provision of financial assistance in terms of section 44 of the Companies Act of 2008 is, therefore, analysed in detail. On the other hand, the UK Companies Act of 2006 repealed the prohibition on the giving of financial assistance by private companies in most circumstances. It, however, retained the prohibition to public companies only because of the requirements of the Second Company Law Directive (77/91/EEC). This study also explores the rules of financial assistance by a company under the UK Companies Acts in detail. Though the source of financial assistance by a company both in South Africa and in English Company laws is rooted in the English decision of the Trevor v Whitworth case, currently these countries have adopted what is deemed appropriate and significant in their own countries. This study, therefore, examines and compares the rules governing the provision of financial assistance by a company in the company laws of these two countries.
Mercantile Law
LL.M. (Commercial law)

APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Duplication of purchase law'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles