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Academic literature on the topic 'Duplication complète de génome'
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Journal articles on the topic "Duplication complète de génome"
CHARDON, P. "Le polymorphisme du complexe majeur d’histocompatibilité." INRAE Productions Animales 13, HS (June 22, 2020): 63–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2000.13.hs.3812.
Full textPoulet-Benedetti, Jérémy, Anne-Laure Valton, and Marie-Noëlle Prioleau. "G-quadruplex : acteurs majeurs de la duplication du génome humain." médecine/sciences 33, no. 12 (December 2017): 1063–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/medsci/20173312013.
Full textEnesco, Hildegard E. "Genetic Control of the Aging Process: A Review and Interpretation." Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement 15, no. 1 (1996): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0714980800013258.
Full textRoest-Crollius, H. "Des clusters de gènes HOX surnuméraires révèlent une duplication du génome chez les poissons." médecine/sciences 15, no. 3 (1999): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.4267/10608/1356.
Full textLeroy, Camille, Ferechte Encha-Razavi, Marie-Laure Maurin, Charlotte Mechler, Marina Kuleva, Tania Attié-Bitach, Valérie Malan, and Serge Romana. "Duplication 8p11,23p11.21 impliquant le gène FGFR1 chez un fœtus présentant une agénésie complète du corps calleux par défaut de commissuration." Morphologie 101, no. 335 (December 2017): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.morpho.2017.07.027.
Full textMULSANT, P. "Glossaire général." INRAE Productions Animales 24, no. 4 (September 8, 2011): 405–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2011.24.4.3273.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Duplication complète de génome"
Parey, Elise. "Évolution des gènes et génomes après duplication complète du génome chez les poissons téléostéens." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Paris sciences et lettres, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPSLE008.
Full textWhole-genome duplications are major events in the evolutionary history of species. They produce additional gene copies that can acquire new functions and thus contribute to adaptation and diversification processes. Two rounds of whole genome duplications occurred in the lineage leading to the Vertebrate ancestor, followed by a subsequent one at the stem of the teleost fish clade (dated 320 million years ago). The impressive diversity of the teleost clade, accounting for over half of extant vertebrate species, allows us to address a vast panel of functional and evolutionary questions. As such, the recent and on-going sequencing of many fish species promises to neatly complement the well-established zebrafish model. However, their shared whole genome duplication represents an additional layer of complexity that has to be accounted for when comparing fish genomes. Indeed, many genes still remain in two copies after the duplication, which renders the identification of homologous genes across species extremely complex. To tackle this challenge, I have developed a novel method, named SCORPiOs (Synteny-guided CORrection of Paralogies and Orthologies), which reconstructs more accurate phylogenetic gene trees in the context of whole genome duplications. The major innovation behind SCORPiOs is that it integrates information from the genomic organisation of genes (synteny) to complement classical sequence-based methods. I present how the application of SCORPiOs to various fish genomes datasets enhances our understanding of fish genome structure and evolution. First, I show that SCORPiOs links duplicate gene retention to evolutionary novelties in the teleost clade. Further, the precise identification of orthologous and paralogous genes allowed me to establish the first large-scale cartography of WGD-duplicated regions across fish genomes. This second result represents a novel resource that should facilitate the transfer of functional annotations between model and non-model fish species. Last, I demonstrate how the analysis of discordances between sequence and synteny predictions sheds light on the spatio-temporal pattern of rediploidization following the duplication event. My work provides a framework that facilitates comparative analyses across teleost fish genomes and reveals insights into the evolution of genomes following whole genome duplication
Berthelot, Camille. "Etude des mécanismes évolutifs perturbant l’organisation des gènes dans les génomes de vertébrés." Thesis, Paris 11, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA112192/document.
Full textEvolutionary processes disrupting the gene organisation in eukaryotic genomes belong to two categories: changes in the order of the genes, known as rearrangements, and changes in the content of the genome by gene duplications, deletions and gains. The mechanisms through which these events arise, and their functional and selective impact on genomes, are poorly understood. This thesis covers two different projects. Firstly, we investigated the distribution of rearrangement breakpoints between an ancestral genome and its modern descendants. This distribution was modelled according to local genomic characteristics to highlight factors influencing the breakage process. Our results show that the distribution of breakpoints can be simply explained as a function of intergenic spacers length, although in a non-linear fashion differing from classical random expectations. The repartition of breakpoints in genomes seems to be linked to structural properties, and is only marginally affected by selective constraints. It might in fact reflect local chromatin structure in the genome. The second project is part of the joint sequencing effort for the zebrafish genome, and provides an overview of the organisation of this genome. Teleost fish genomes are anciently duplicated: the analysis focuses on the consequences of this duplication. Results show that the zebrafish genome displays a typical teleost fish genome organisation. Genes retained in two copies after the whole genome duplication belong to specific functional categories, and are biased towards genes already conserved as duplicates after the 1R and 2R duplication events that have taken place early in vertebrate history
Berthelot, Camille. "Etude des mécanismes évolutifs perturbant l'organisation des gènes dans les génomes de vertébrés." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00750114.
Full textStein, Richard. "Evolution of biomolecular networks under gene and genome duplication." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066592.
Full textWincker, Patrick. "Variabilité structurale et évolution des éléments L1 de taille complète du génome de souris." Aix-Marseille 2, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987AIX22100.
Full textVoldoire, Emilien. "Duplication de génome et évolution de la famille Sox chez les poissons téléostéens." Thesis, Lyon, École normale supérieure, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ENSL0875/document.
Full textGene and genome duplications are major engines of eukaryotic genome evolution. Three rounds of whole genome duplication (WGD) have occurred during vertebrate evolution, two rounds at the base of the vertebrate lineage, and a third round in the common ancestor of the teleostean fish (the so-Called teleost-Specific WGD). In chordates, species that share a polyploid ancestor are characterized by a huge morphological, anatomical and ecological diversity suggesting a role of WGDs in species diversification. For instance, it is considered that these drastic genomic events provided the raw material for the emergence of the vertebrate body plan, and facilitated speciation processes during the teleost radiation. However, how WGD is related to phenotypic diversification or to major evolutionary transitions are fundamental questions that remain largely unsolved. Teleostean fish constitute more than half of all extant vertebrates and share a polyploid ancestor. Thus, they provide a relevant model to study the importance of WGDs in gene families expansion, to understand evolutionary mechanisms that drive the evolution of these families and, finally, to test molecular hypotheses that might relate WGD and biodiversity. In this project, we studied the impact of the teleost-Specific WGD on the evolution of the sox gene family which are involved in development and homeostasis in vertebrates. Our analysis of the content and the genomic organization of the sox genes in 15 vertebrate genomes, including 10 teleosts, reveals an important expansion of this family in the teleost lineage, and demonstrates that this expansion is mainly due to the teleost-Specific WGD. The duplicated sox genes seem to have been lost by non-Functionalization in certain lineages, and preserved in two copies in others by neo-Functionalization and/or sub-Functionalization. Indeed, this study indicates lineage-Specific divergence in expression patterns between duplicated sox genes in different teleostean species. Hence, the sox family expansion that occurred in the last common ancestor of teleostean fish seems to have been followed by a lineage-Specific evolution of the content and functions of the sox family in this group. Our study supports the hypothesis for a role of WGDs in the enrichment and diversification of developmental genes repertories and its potential role in species diversification in vertebrates
Goût, Jean-François. "Les singularités du génome de la paramécie : un bon révélateur des mécanismes évolutifs à l’œuvre chez les êtres vivants." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10167.
Full textThis work presents a detailed analysis of the paramecium genome, with focusing more precisely on the 3 following topics : 1) The role of two distinct classes of small non-coding RNAs. The first one (siRNAs) being involved in post-transcriptional gene silencing while the other (scanRNAs) plays a crucial role during the massive genomic rearrangements that occur in ciliates after sexual reproduction (Lepère et al. 2009). 2) The evolution of duplicated genes following Whole-Genome Duplications (WGDs). Indeed, the paramecium genome contains evidences for 3 successive WGDs (Aury et al. 2006), which explains why this organisms is perfectly well suited for such an analysis. We show that retention of duplicated genes is strongly correlated to their expression level and we propose a model based on cost and benefit of gene expression to explain this pattern. 3) The analysis of the extremely tiny introns in paramecium (99% of introns are less than 20-33nt in length) revealed the presence of a translational control of splicing in eukaryotes. This work suggests that splicing errors are frequent and that eukaryotic cells rely on the Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay to detect aberrant transcripts produced by splicing errors (Jaillon et al. 2008). These analyses provide new insights on several evolutionary mechanisms that shape the genomes of eukaryotes
Lamothe, Claudine. "Influence des complexes protéiques sur la rétention de copies de gène après une duplication de génome." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/34502.
Full textGene duplications contribute greatly to the increase in organismal complexity by providing new material for natural selection to act upon. Of these duplication events, whole-genome duplication has a major impact due to the sheer amount of gene copies produced. Several events of whole-genome duplication have occurred throughout the evolutionary history of many lineages. The greater part of the duplicated genes created during these events will accumulate deleterious mutations, become inactivated and will disappear completely from the genome, but some will be maintained over time. Several factors have been linked to the retention of certain genes such as gene dosage or the level of expression. This project focuses on the impact of participation in a protein complex on the retention of copies created during several successive events of whole-genome duplication in the ciliate Paramecium tetraurelia. First, we predicted the composition of 885 protein complexes through orthologous relationships with five model species. Those protein complexes then allowed us to determine that genes participating in those complexes had higher and more correlated expression, both factors previously linked in the literature with a higher retention rate. We also observed a greater retention of even numbers of copies for genes participating in protein complexes, observation which might be connected to structural properties of protein complexes. At the same time, we noted an effect similar to protein complex participation in genes with orthologs in all our model species used and determined that this might partially be caused by an overlap between the genes participating in protein complexes and those being conserved in all the model species However, we also showed that the effect of widespread conservation was independent of that of complex participation. Together, those factors paint a complex picture of interconnected factors that can interact to influence the fate of copies through the course of evolution.
Duplication génique
Koszul, Romain. "Duplication de segments chromosomiques dans le génome de Saccharomyces cerevisiae : mécanismes de formation, stabilité et impact évolutif." Paris 6, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA066552.
Full textSingh, Param Priya. "Expansion des familles de gènes impliquées dans des maladies par duplication du génome chez les premiers vertébrés." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066796.
Full textThe emergence and evolutionary expansion of gene families implicated in cancers and other severe genetic diseases is an evolutionary oddity from a natural selection perspective. In this thesis, we have shown that gene families prone to deleterious mutations in the human genome have been preferentially expanded by the retention of "ohnolog" genes from two rounds of whole-genome duplication (WGD) dating back from the onset of jawed vertebrates. Using advance inference analysis, we have further demonstrated that the retention of many ohnologs suspected to be dosage balanced is in fact indirectly mediated by their susceptibility to deleterious mutations. This enhanced retention of "dangerous" ohnologs, defined as prone to autosomal-dominant deleterious mutations, is shown to be a consequence of WGD-induced speciation and the ensuing purifying selection in post-WGD species. We have also developed an efficient approach to identify ohnologs in the vertebrate genome with high confidence. These ohnologs can be easily accessed from a web server. Our findings highlight the importance of WGD-induced non-adaptive selection for the emergence of vertebrate complexity, while rationalizing, from an evolutionary perspective, the expansion of gene families frequently implicated in genetic disorders and cancers. The high confidence ohnologs identified by our approach will also pave the way for a diverse functional genomic analyses