Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Duniter'
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Malafosse, Maxime. "La blockchain en support aux communs." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022AIXM0455.
Full textBlockchain and the commons are two concepts that are attracting more and more interest. Through different perspectives, these two notions raise a lot of hopes to transform our society and to answer the current challenges of social and ecological transition. However, there is little research linking them. Especially since the work that brings blockchain and the commons together remains essentially theoretical. Our work aims to better understand how blockchain can support the commons in real life situations. We explored several fields that embodied, in different ways, the role of a technology as a tool in the service of a collective purpose. We began by observing the key role of the blockchain in a commons that aims to produce and self-manage monetary creation (essay 1). To invest this first research field, we conducted a case study. In the following essay, we aimed to shed light on the role of blockchain as a tool integrated in a larger device for experimenting the data commons at the scale of a city (essay 2). This second case study was matured by the realization of a two-year expertise mission in a third place and finally focused on the European project DECODE. Finally, our last essay builds on the results of the first essay and explores how blockchain could economically support the commons as it disrupts the prospects of money through democratizing its alternative forms, facilitating its creation, and increasing the complexity of its design (essay 3)
Lima, Filipe Goulart [UNESP]. "Morro do Níquel: fragmento de manto exumado na Faixa Brasília Meridional." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151669.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Este trabalho apresenta os resultados dos estudos petrogenéticos detalhados realizados nos serpentinitos que constituem do Morro do Níquel, maciço ultrabásico mineralizado em níquel laterítico, situado na Faixa Brasília Meridional, ao norte da Zona de Sutura de Alterosa, localizado no Município de Pratápolis (MG), sul/sudoeste do Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. Os serpentinitos possuem cor verde escuro a preto, aspecto maciço e é constituído por mais de 95% de lizardita/crisotilo, com ocorrências localizadas de antigorita. O padrão estrutural do maciço é compatível com aqueles gerados pela deformação de em um corpo rígido em matriz dúctil dentro de zona de cisalhamento. Os dados mineralógicos, petrográficos e geoquímicos, em associação com os de campo e de descrição de testemunho de sondagem rotativa, apontam que o protólito destas rochas seria um corpo dunítico de granulação média a grossa e textura granular, suas dimensões seriam superiores a 800 x 400 metros e com mais de 350 metros de espessura. Os dados obtidos indicam que o dunito é mantélico e possibilitou propor um modelo evolutivo desde a exumação do manto até a colocação sobre embasamento TTG e serpentinização. A exumação se inicia com o adelgaçamento da crosta continental durante a instalação de um sistema rifte, que teria evoluído ao ponto de atingir a “super extensão” da crosta e o desenvolvimento de uma crosta oceânica. Com o fechamento do oceano decorrente de colisão continental, no neoproterozóico, o corpo dunítico foi alojado sobre o embasamento cristalino, na margem passiva da placa que contém o Cráton São Francisco. A serpentinização do dunito ocorreu tardi-pós aloctonia, catalisada pela atuação do Cinturão de Cisalhamento do Campo do Meio, em condições de fácies visto verde, fácies prehnita-pumpelyíta, com baixa fugacidade de oxigênio e enxofre e alta atividade de H2(aq.).
This work presents results from detailed petrogenetic studies performed on the Morro do Níquel (Nickel Hill) serpentinites, an ultrabasic massif mineralized in lateritic nickel, located in the Southern Brasília Belt, north of the Alterosa Suture Zone, Municipality of Pratápolis (MG), southwest of the State of Minas Gerais-Brazil. The serpentinite has a dark color, apparently massive aspect and consist of more than 95% lizardite / chrysotile, with localized occurrences of antigorite. The structural pattern of the massif is compatible with those generated by the shear of a rigid body in a ductile matrix within a shear zone. The mineralogical, petrographic and geochemical data, in association with the field and drill hole logs description, indicate that the protolith of these rocks would be a dunitic body of medium to large granulation and granular texture, with dimensions superior to 800 x 400 meters and with more than 350 meters of thickness. The obtained data indicate that the dunite is mantellic and it was possible to propose an evolutionary model from the exhumation of the mantle dunitc body to the emplacement on the TTG basement and serpentinization. The exhumation begins with the thinning of the continental crust during the installation of a rift system, evolving to allow the hyper-extension of the crust until the development of an oceanic crust. With the continental collision, in the Neoproterozoic, the dunite was hosted on the crystalline basement, in the passive margin of the plate that contains the San Francisco Craton. The dunite serpentinization occurred late-post aloctonia, catalyzed by the Campo do Meio Shear Belt, under conditions of green facies, prehnite-pumpelyite facies, with low fugacity of oxygen and sulfur and high H2 (aq.) activity.
Micheri, Pietro Hunger. "Dunite in annual crops : physiological changes, nutritional status in soybean and maize yield /." Botucatu, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/191103.
Full textBanca: Patricia Preira Dias
Banca: Claudio Hideo Martins da Costa
Resumo: A crescente demanda por fertilizantes concomitante ao aumento dos preços desse insumo e a escassez de suas fontes levam a incessante busca por fontes alternativas de nutrientes para as plantas. Os afloramentos rochosos no Brasil coincidem com as localidades de áreas produtivas, tornando o acesso fácil dos produtores rurais à essas fontes, uma vez que o maior custo do pó de rocha está relacionado ao frete. Portanto, uma das alternativas estudadas é o uso de pó de dunito, rico em magnésio em culturas anuais, como soja e milho. Estas são uma das principais culturas do Brasil em área de produção. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos de doses de pó de dunito no teor foliar de Magnésio (Mg) e Silício (Si), teores foliares de açúcares redutores, sacarose e amido, e atributos químicos de solo em dois tipos de solo. Os tratamentos consistiram em cinco doses de pó de dunito (0, 42, 208, 542 and 1542 mg kg-1) no solo argiloso e (0, 150, 238, 411 and 933 mg kg-1) no solo arenoso, respectivamente. Em ambos os solos, os teores de Mg e Si foliar, os açúcares redutores e glicose nas folhas, assim como pH, Mg, e Si do solo e os componentes de produção aumentaram com o aumento das doses de dunito. A melhor nutrição de Mg fornece menor teor de amido foliar e consequentemente melhor partição de metabolitos na planta, levando ao melhor desenvolvimento, enchimento e produção de grãos de soja.
Abstract: The growing demand for fertilizers, coupled with the increase in fertilizer prices and the scarcity of fertilizer sources, lead to the incessant search for alternative sources of nutrients for the plants. The rocky outcrops in Brazil coincide with the localities of agriculture productive areas, making access easy for rural producers to these sources, since the higher cost of rock dust is related to the transport. Therefore, one of the alternatives studied is the use of dunite powder, rich in magnesium in annual crops such as soybean and corn. These are one of the main crops of Brazil in production area. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of dunite rates on Magnesium (Mg), Silicon (Si), foliar contents of reducing sugars, sucrose, and starch, soil chemical attributes and soybean yield in two soil types. The treatments consisted in the five rates of Dunite (0, 42, 208, 542 and 1542 mg kg-1) in a clayey soil, and five rates of Dunite (0, 150, 238, 411 and 933 mg kg-1) in a sandy soil. In both soils, the Mg and Si leaves concentration, foliar reducing sugars, and glucose, as well as soil pH, Mg, and Si, and the yield components increased with input rates. The best Mg nutrition provides lower foliar starch levels, consequently, the best partition of metabolites to plant leads to better development, filling and yield of soybeans.
Mestre
Titus, Sarah J. "Olivine Petrofabric Analysis from the Leka Ophiolite Complex." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1411984517.
Full textBraun, Michael Geoffrey 1973. "Petrologic and microstructural constraints on focused melt transport in dunites and the rheology of the shallow mantle." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/29538.
Full textIncludes bibliographical references.
Observations at mid-ocean ridges indicate that magmas are focused to the ridge axis by a network of porous dunites in near chemical isolation. This thesis investigates several of the outstanding questions regarding the mechanisms of melt transport and its effects on the shallow mantle. Chapter 1 details the current understanding of melt migration from observations at mid-ocean ridges and ophiolites. Chapter 2 uses the size distribution and abundance of dunites measured in the Oman ophiolite to place limits on the potential mechanisms by which dunites form and subsequently estimate the flux of chemically unequilibrated melt which a network of dunites can supply. Chapter 3 characterizes the chemical composition of dunites and harzburgites from Oman to further constrain the process by which dunites form and relates the observed trends within dunites to variations in the time-integrated melt/rock ratio. Chapter 4 examines the microstructures of peridotites in Oman to constrain the deformation mechanisms which determine the viscosity of shallow mantle. Chapter 5 is a numerical investigation of advection beneath ridges incorporating the rheology inferred from the observed microstructures. Chapter 6 integrates the conclusions of the previous chapters, reevaluating the potential melt flux through dunites and constraining the permeability of the shallow mantle.
by Michael Geoffrey Braun.
Ph.D.
Thornberry, Trista L. "The Petrography of the Buck Creek Dunite Body, Clay County, NC : Implications about its Origin and Emplacement." Oberlin College Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=oberlin1411990381.
Full textŠuráň, Jiří. "Tepelné vlastnosti forem v závislosti na použitém ostřivu." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-230177.
Full textGeorgiou, Elena. "Geologie, petrologie et petrochimie du complexe plutonique de la foret d'akapnou, chypre, et des gites de chromite associes." Orléans, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987ORLE2033.
Full textRospabé, Mathieu. "Etude pétrologique, géochimique et structurale de la zone de transition dunitique dans l'ophiolite d'Oman : identification des processus pétrogénétiques à l'interface manteau/croûte." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30071/document.
Full textThe origin of the dunitic transition zone (DTZ) between the mantle and the crust is still largely unknown, as well as the physical and chemical processes involved in its genesis. To address this topic, this thesis focused on the petrological, geochemical and structural study of 20 cross-sections (600 samples) collected along the DTZ from the Sumail massif, Oman ophiolite, 400 meters thick and located above a former paleo-mantle diapir. In addition to mineral compositions acquired using in situ methods (microprobe, LA-ICP-MS) and to whole rock major elements, the development of an analytical procedure permitted to determine trace element contents in dunites that display low concentrations (regularly about one ng.g-1). The DTZ is made of pure dunites (olivine and minor chromites), and of impregnated ones, containing a variable amount of interstitial minerals that crystallized from a percolating melt. These latter rocks contain an unexpected mineralogical variety with, in addition to clinopyroxene and plagioclase showing a MORB affinity, the presence of orthopyroxene, amphibole, garnet and diopsides that highlights a hybridization process between the MORB and hydrated fluids. The high Mg# ratio and TiO2 content in orthopyroxene and amphibole together with the clinopyroxene composition, intermediate between igneous clinopyroxene and pure hydrothermal diopside, allow deciphering the nature of the parent melt as the result of the mixing between tholeiitic melt and a supercritical water enriched in silica, or trondhjemitic fluid issued from the hydrated incongruent melting of mantle orthopyroxene, similar to melts produced by the hydrated melting of country rocks (serpentinized peridotites, troctolites, gabbros). All these minerals are observed both in interstitial position and as inclusions in chromite, showing that they crystallized early and that hybrid melts participated to the genesis of the DTZ. The comparison between mineral and whole rock compositions permitted to highlight the different processes that led to the observed chemical signatures of dunites: the protolithe signature, the dunitization process, chemical reequilibration between the olivine matrix and the percolating MORB, refertilization following the crystallization of interstitial minerals, as well as the effects of later serpentinization. Pure dunites, characterized by U or V-shaped REE patterns, seem to have acquired early the LREE-enriched signature that probably results from the reequilibration with silica- and incompatible trace elements-rich fluids (REE, Th, U, HFSE) generated through the harzburgite orthopyroxenes incongruent melting and probably reflecting the hybrid melt that crystallized interstitial hydrous minerals. The structural study of the DTZ in Sumail highlights the effect of synmagmatic faults on the DTZ development, resulting in the alternation between pure and impregnated horizons as well as in the vertical chemical structuration with compositions evolving on few tens of meters until fault zones. This is particularly true for chemical species expected as immobile during weathering as Ti, REE or Th. The DTZ seems to have been developed in a transtensional environment structured by two main faults systems, oriented N130 and N165-180. These faults spatially constrained both the melt flow, thus the dunitization, and the introduction of hydrothermal fluids probably oceanic in origin. This meeting zone between igneous and hydrothermal fluids can strongly influence the chemical exchanges and distribution between the deep lithosphere and the surface. The comparison between the Sumail DTZ and other ones from Oman or Trinity (California) ophiolites, which evolved in a different magmatic setting, shows the systematic role of synmagmatic faults. Melts that percolated these other DTZ were under-saturated in Al and saturated in water, allowing to interpret the hydrated component as an essential condition for dunites genesis at the mantle-crust transition
Bouachrine, Loubna. "Problèmes des concentrations d'amiante liées aux serpentinisations : application au complexe ophiolitique protérozoïque supérieur des Khzama (Siroua nord, Anti-Atlas central, Maroc)." Nancy 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NAN10296.
Full textLambart, Sarah. "Rôle des hétérogénéités mantelliques dans la genèse des MORB : Etude expérimentale de la fusion partielle des pyroxénites et des interactions magma/roche à haute pression." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00455407.
Full textGrégoire, Michel. "Pétrologie des enclaves ultrabasiques et basiques des îles Kerguelen (TAAF) : les contraintes minéralogiques et thermobarométriques et leurs implications géodynamiques." Saint-Etienne, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994STET4001.
Full textSeveral occurences of ultrabasic and basic xenoliths, uplifted by peralkaline lavas, lay in the South-East province of the Kerguelen Islands. They display all types of both continental and oceanic UB-B inclusions, except eclogites. Such a wide diversity leads to a typology which is hierarchically classified by textural criteria (1st class) and by mineralogical ones (2nd class). Three main types and seven subtypes are proposed. The type I has mantle tectonite textures and it is divided in a subtype Iα (harzburgites) and in a subtype Iβ (dunites). The type II presents metamorphic textures with relicts of magmatic ones. It presents three subtypes : IIa (cpx + opx + sp), IIb (cpx + ilm + sp) et IIc (ilmenite bearing metagabbros). The type III has purely magmatic textures and it is represented by hornblenditic and biotitic inclusions. The present study focuses mainly on types I and II which are related to the lower crust and to the upper mantle. Inclusions of type I belong to the upper mantle and have been reequilibrated in the "spinel perioditic" stability field. They indicate the role of several mantle processes : partial melting, metasomatism, and magma-mantle interactions. The presence of a clinopyroxene in one of the two harzburgite types clearly expresses the interactions between mantle and magmas. A similar process plays a major role int he origin of the dunites and of the dunite-bearing composite xenoliths. The inclusions of type II were initially magmatic cumulates and segregates. The type IIa consists of a complete series of rocks, from ultrabasic peridotites to basic metagabbros, and may be related to the tholeiitic-transtional magmatism of the archipelago. Some of the sympletitic and coronitic reactions lead to mineral associations with sapphirine ± garnet which expresses reequilibrations in the granulite facies conditions, from 0. 5 to 1. 6 GPa and from 900 to 1000°C. The type IIb differs in that it corrsponds to mineral segregates, occuring fromalkaline magmas in the upper mantle layers (0. 7 to 1. 35 GPa, 850 to 1000°C). The type IIc is an homogeneous group of rocks, of which the composition is close to the tholeiitic-transitional volcanic liquids and have been reequilibrated in the granulite facies conditions. Discussion supporetd by geochronological and geophysical data argues and explains the crustal thickeneing which was previously deduced from the deep seismic velocity variations. The Northern end of the Kerguelen plateau was formed when the junction occured between the India/Antarctic ridge and of the Australia/Antarctic one, at 56 to 43 Ma. The synergy of the young East-Indian Ridge and of the Kerguelen hot spot was at the origin of a very voluminous production of tholeiitic-transtional magmas of which many cumulates and segregates were underplated in the viscinity of the Moho. This process of crustal thickening by underplating was later amplified by the volcanic overload related to the logevity of the hot spot. Then, while their temperature slowly decreased, the UB-B cumulates were sunk to depths at which they were reequilibrated into granulite facies conditions. The younger alkaline magmas then uplifted pieces of these deep rocks. Such a crustal thickening, as well as some specific features of the magmatic complexes of the archipelago, allow the assumption of an anomalous weak density of the lithosphere, and consequently leads one to propose the unsubductability of Kerguelen islands which may be considered then as a continental protolith
Lambart, Sarah. "Rôle des hétérogénéités mantelliques dans la genèse des MORB : étude expérimentale de la fusion partielle des pyroxénites et des interactions magma/roche à haute pression." Phd thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CLF22009.
Full textHoxha, Mynyr. "Étude structurale et petrologique de l'ophiolite de Kukës (Albanie) : cinématique de la déformation et géométrie de la ride." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL032N.
Full textKičas, Rolandas. "Gamybinių užsakymų projektavimo ir valdymo programinė įranga." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2005. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2005~D_20050527_144237-30018.
Full textRehfeldt, Tatjana [Verfasser]. "Petrogenesis of dunite, wehrlite and websterite xenoliths from Kimberley, South Africa : origin as mantle peridotites or cumulates / Tatjana Rehfeldt." 2007. http://d-nb.info/985515899/34.
Full textLv, Heng-Zhong, and 呂恒仲. "INVESTIGATION ON BROWNING REACTIONS OF THE GELATIN/FRUCTOSE MODEL SYSTEM DUNINE MICROWAVE HEATING." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/48167847159715779677.
Full textFranca, João Miguel Beaumont Horta da. "Reavaliação do potencial metalogénico dos domínios duníticos do sector sul do Maciço de Bragança: Área de Carrazedo - Alimonde." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/50626.
Full textO Maciço de Bragança é um complexo polimetamórfico e poliorogénico do NE de Portugal. O nível superior do conjunto de mantos carreados que formam o Maciço (Complexo Alóctone Superior - CAS), apresenta o maior grau de deformação e representa uma porção de crosta continental inferior. É constituído por rochas ultramáficas, anfibolitos e serpentinitos. Estas hospedam mineralizações de cromite, exploradas no passado e estudadas por diversos autores. São caracterizadas por níveis ricos em cromite, parte de uma sequência ultramáfica estratiforme fortemente desmembrada como resultado da deformação. A cromite, a principal fonte primária de Cr, é maioritariamente explorada em depósitos do tipo estratiforme. Face ao exposto, considerou-se que a reavaliação do potencial metalogénico das unidades peridotíticas do CAS de Bragança é um tema pertinente. Pretende-se com este trabalho reexaminar as mineralizações que ocorrem nas zonas de Alimonde, Conlelas e Carrazedo. Os dados obtidos revelaram: 1) a existência de níveis muito ricos em cromite (50-80% em volume) associados às rochas ultramáficas; 2) os níveis mineralizados não apresentam continuidade geológica, fruto do desmembramento tectónico; 3) correlação entre a quantidade de olivina do protólito e a intensidade do processo de serpentinização; 4) cromites dos níveis mais ricos (Cumulados Ultramáficos Serpentinizados ricos em Cromite, CUSC) são as menos alteradas, apresentam componente magnesiana forte e #Cr [0.73-0.79] e #Fe [0.36-0.43]; 5) a utilização das cromites dos CUSC como traçador geotectónico revelou-se inconclusiva; 6) correlação positiva entre a abundância relativa dos cristais de cromite e a de cristais de olivina. Cromites disseminadas apresentam enriquecimento em Fe2+/3+ e empobrecimento em Cr e Mg; 7) nas amostras estudadas não se registaram evidências de mobilização secundária do Cr. Os dados obtidos corroboram os de trabalhos anteriores. Todavia, considera-se que a condução de trabalhos complementares em espeical de prospecção geofísica, podem contribuir para uma avaliação mais completa do potencial metalogénico da região.
The Bragança Massif represents a polymetamorphic and polyorogenic complex in NE Portugal. The upper unit of the nappe complex that forms this Massif, the Continental Allochthonous Terrane (CAT), represents a portion of the lower continental crust and has the highest degree of deformation. It comprises ultramafic rocks, amphibolites and serpentinites. These rocks host chromite mineralizations that have been exploited in the past and studied by several authors. They are characterized by rich levels of chromite part of a strongly dismembered stratiform ultramafic sequence as result of deformation. Chromite, the main primary source of Cr, is mostly exploited in stratiform-type deposits. In view of the above, it was considered that the reassessment of the metallogenic potential of the peridotitic units of the Bragança CAT is a relevant issue. The aim of this work is to re-examine the mineralization that occurs in the Alimonde, Conlelas and Carrazedo areas. The data obtained revealed: 1) existence of rich levels of chromite (50-80% in volume) associated with ultramafic rocks; 2) the mineralized levels do not show geological continuity, due to intense tectonic dismemberment; 3) correlation between the amount of olivine in the protolith and intensity of serpentinization process; 4) chromites present in the richest levels (CUSC) are the least altered, have a high magnesian component and #Cr [0.73-0.79] and #Fe [0.36-0.43]; 5) the use of CUSC chromites as a geotectonic tracer proved to be inconclusive; 6) positive correlation between the relative abundance of chromite crystals to olivine. Disseminated chromites are enriched in Fe2+/3+ and depleted in Cr and Mg; 7) there was no evidence of secondary mobilization of Cr. The data obtained corroborates previous works. However, it is considered that the further studies, with a particular focus on geophysical prospecting, could contribute to a more complete assessment of the metallogenic potential of the region.