Journal articles: 'Ductility'

1

Mander, John B. "Beyond ductility." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 37, no. 1 (March 31, 2004): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.37.1.35-44.

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Although the precepts of capacity design and detailing for ductile performance are now well established, the end-user community is now demanding more in terms of predictable performance with an expectation that structures should survive earthquakes with minimal and preferably no damage. The paper first explains the shortcomings of present designs from a probabilistic fragility point-of-view, and then goes on to explain how performance can be improved by making a paradigm shift. This paper examines the emerging quest where structural engineering researchers are investigating design alternatives that strive for damage avoidance.

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Zhu, Yuntian T., and Xiaozhou Liao. "Retaining ductility." Nature Materials 3, no. 6 (June 2004): 351–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nmat1141.

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Reyes-Salazar, Alfredo. "Ductility and ductility reduction factor for MDOF systems." Structural Engineering and Mechanics 13, no. 4 (April 25, 2002): 369–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/sem.2002.13.4.369.

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4

Darveaux, Robert, Michael Johnson, and Corey Reichman. "Solder Joint Ductility." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2012, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 001046–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2012-thp15.

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Solder joint arrays were tested under tensile loading to determine the strain-to-failure (ductility) under a wide range of conditions. The trends in ductility with alloy, joint size, pad metallization, and test conditions were quantified and discussed. 63Sn37Pb solder joints showed a significant increase in ductility as applied stress is reduced below 40MPa. Lead free alloy ductility was much less sensitive to applied stress level. Hence, at low stress levels, eutectic SnPb has greater ductility than the lead free alloys. Larger joints showed greater ductility in a constant crosshead rate test compared to smaller joints. This is believed to be a function of the load train stiffness. Such a discrepancy was not observed in the constant load test method.

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Grocholski, Brent. "Pathways for ductility." Science 370, no. 6512 (October 1, 2020): 70.12–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.370.6512.70-l.

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Sealy, Cordelia. "Defects define ductility." Materials Today 10, no. 4 (April 2007): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1369-7021(07)70041-x.

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Gensamer, Maxwell. "Strength and Ductility." Metallography, Microstructure, and Analysis 6, no. 2 (March 30, 2017): 171–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13632-017-0341-1.

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8

Wang, H., Y. Zhang, and S. Qin. "A Study on Ductility of Prestressed Concrete Pier Based on Response Surface Methodology." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 6, no. 6 (December 18, 2016): 1253–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.855.

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The ductility of prestressed concrete pier is studied based on response surface methodology. Referring to the pervious prestressed concrete pier, based on Box-Behnken design, the ductility of 25 prestressed concrete piers is calculated by numerical method. The relationship between longitudinal reinforcement ratio, shear reinforcement ratio, prestressed tendon quantity, concrete compressive strength and ductility factor is gotten. The influence of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio, the shear reinforcement ratio, the prestressed tendon quantity and concrete compressive strength to curvature ductility is discussed. Then the ductility regression equation is deduced. The result showed that the influence of the prestressed tendon quantity to the ductility of prestressed concrete pier is significant. With the increasing of the prestressed tendon quantity, the curvature ductility curved reduces. With the increasing of shear reinforcement ratio and compressive strength of concrete, the curvature ductility increases linearly. And the influence of the longitudinal reinforcement ratio to ductility of the prestressed concrete pier is insignificant.

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9

Hemamathi, A., K. P. Jaya, and Binu Sukumar. "Evaluation of Ductility of Precast Column Foundation Connections." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 16, no. 20 (May 27, 2023): 1516——1526. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v16i20.2306.

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10

Urbini, Flavio, Emanuela Caracuzzo, Antonio Chirumbolo, and Antonino Callea. "Individual and Organizational Ductility: Conceptualization, Development, and Validation of a New Scale." Behavioral Sciences 14, no. 6 (June 20, 2024): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs14060511.

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In this article, we conceptualize a new construct named “ductility” and propose a measurement instrument. We examine psychometric properties—the factorial validity and reliability of the Ductility Scale in Italy. The results of exploratory factor analysis showed that the scale has a two-factor structure, namely, individual and organizational ductility. The scale reliability was excellent for both dimensions (individual ω = 0.82; organizational ω = 0.85). The participants were employees from private and public organizations (n = 466). We tested the construct validity of the Ductility Scale. The invariance of the measurement model tested via multigroup confirmative factor analysis showed that the Ductility Scale was invariant across gender. In addition, we found ductility to be positively related to proactive personality and work engagement. These preliminary results show that the Ductility Scale is a reliable and valid measure. In addition, our findings illustrate the potential usefulness of the ductility construct via the newly developed scale.

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11

Rakhshanimehr, Mehrollah, M. Reza Esfahani, M. Reza Kianoush, B. Ali Mohammadzadeh, and S. Roohollah Mousavi. "Flexural ductility of reinforced concrete beams with lap-spliced bars." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 41, no. 7 (July 2014): 594–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjce-2013-0074.

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In this paper, the flexural ductility of lap-spliced reinforced concrete (RC) beams is experimentally investigated. Twenty-four specimens were designed and manufactured for laboratory experiments. Concrete compressive strength, amount of transverse reinforcement over the splice length, and the diameter of longitudinal bars were selected as the main variables. The ductility of tested specimens is evaluated based on a previously defined ductility ratio. Results show that concrete strength and amount of transverse reinforcement over the splice have major effects on ductility. With an appropriate amount of transverse reinforcement, a satisfactory ductility response for different concrete strengths can be obtained. The CSA-A23.3-04 Standard provisions on bond strength and ductility of lap-spliced RC beams are evaluated and discussed. This study shows that the provisions in predicting the bond strength of lap-spliced concrete beams are adequate but may not achieve a satisfactory performance for ductility. An equation is proposed to achieve the appropriate ductility.

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12

Koch, C. C., D. G. Morris, K. Lu, and A. Inoue. "Ductility of Nanostructured Materials." MRS Bulletin 24, no. 2 (February 1999): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/s0883769400051551.

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Ductility is defined as the ability of a material to change shape without fracture. It is of critical importance for engineering materials for both manufacturability and Performance. Measures of ductility include percent elongation (uniform plastic flow prior to mechanical instability—necking—or fracture) and percent reduction in area. Fracture toughness is also some measure of potential ductility. Engineering materials exhibit wide variations in ductility which can often limit their application.Ductility is a property of nanocrystalline materials which might be predicted to be enhanced by extrapolation of its grain-size dependence in conventional polycrystalline materials. It has been predicted that extrapolation of the grain size, or the scale of the microstructure, to the nanoscale will lead to both strengthening and an increase in ductility. As far as failure and ductility are concerned, this idea is based on experience with conventional materials, where the yield and fracture stress show different dependencies on the grain size. The fracture stress typically increases faster than the yield stress with decreasing grain size such that ductile/brittle transitions can occur. For example, the ductile / brittle transition temperature in mild steel can be lowered about 40°C by reducing the grain size by a factor of five. In terms of how ductility may be affected by the extreme grainsize reduction to the nanoscale, we consider the following. Firstly, it may be recalled that obtaining ductility relies simply on plastic deformation occurring without the catastrophic onset of failure mechanisms, and therefore we can examine possibilities of changing ductility in terms of avoiding failure.

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13

Morales-Rivas, Lucia, Carlos Garcia-Mateo, Thomas Sourmail, Matthias Kuntz, Rosalia Rementeria, and Francisca Caballero. "Ductility of Nanostructured Bainite." Metals 6, no. 12 (December 2, 2016): 302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met6120302.

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14

El-Magd, E., H. Scholles, and H. Weisshaupt. "Dynamic Ductility of Metals." Le Journal de Physique IV 07, no. C3 (August 1997): C3–349—C3–354. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:1997361.

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15

Yoshimura, Toshihiko, Kousuke Takeda, Hitoshi Sasaki, and Masaya Tatsui. "High ductility carbon nanoball." Applied Surface Science 256, no. 1 (October 2009): 112–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.07.100.

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16

Paulay, Thomas. "Ductility in Seismic Design." Structural Engineering International 2, no. 1 (February 1992): 19–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/101686692780616922.

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17

NZSEE Study Group. "Structures of limited ductility." Bulletin of the New Zealand Society for Earthquake Engineering 19, no. 4 (December 31, 1986): 285–336. http://dx.doi.org/10.5459/bnzsee.19.4.285-336.

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18

Russell, A. M. "Ductility in Intermetallic Compounds." Advanced Engineering Materials 5, no. 9 (September 12, 2003): 629–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adem.200310074.

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19

Bazhenov, S., J. X. Li, A. Hiltner, and E. Baer. "Ductility of filled polymers." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 52, no. 2 (April 11, 1994): 243–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1994.070520211.

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20

Holdsworth, Stuart. "Creep-Ductility of High Temperature Steels: A Review." Metals 9, no. 3 (March 18, 2019): 342. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9030342.

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A number of measures of the creep-ductility of high temperature steels are reviewed with an ultimate focus on intrinsic creep-ductility. It is assumed that there will be a future requirement for the determination of long duration creep ductility values for design and product standards in the same way as there is currently for creep strength values. The determination of such information will require specialist modelling techniques to be applied to the complex nature of multi-temperature, multi-heat (multi-cast) data collations, and possible solutions are considered. In service, the exhaustion of creep-ductility is most likely to occur at stress concentrations, and for this, a knowledge of the multiaxial creep-ductility is required, and its relationship to uniaxial creep-ductility. Some practical applications requiring a knowledge of creep-ductility are reviewed.

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21

Wang, Hui Ying. "Influence of High Mode Effects on Ductility Reduction Factors for MDOF Shear-Type Structures." Applied Mechanics and Materials 578-579 (July 2014): 412–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.578-579.412.

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The influences of high mode effect on ductility reduction factors for multi-degree-of-freedom (MDOF) systems are studied by modifying ductility reduction factors for equivalent single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems. Based on MDOF lumped-mass shear-type models, nonlinear dynamic time history analysis are performed to investigate the influence of ductility demand increase owing to high mode effect on ductility reduction factors. An empirical estimating model of MDOF modification factor is proposed. The results demonstrate that ductility reduction factors for MDOF systems are clearly smaller than those for SDOF systems. The modification factor is mainly affected by the fundamental period and ductility.

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22

Hosen, Md Akter, Mahaad Issa Shammas, Sukanta Kumer Shill, Safat Al-Deen, Mohd Zamin Jumaat, and Huzaifa Hashim. "Ductility Enhancement of Sustainable Fibrous-Reinforced High-Strength Lightweight Concrete." Polymers 14, no. 4 (February 14, 2022): 727. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14040727.

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To limit the cross-sectional size of concrete structures, high-strength, lightweight concrete is preferred for the design and construction of structural elements. However, the main drawback of high-strength, lightweight concrete is its brittleness over normal-weight concrete. The ductility of concrete is a crucial factor, which plays an important role when the concrete structures are subjected to extreme situations, such as earthquakes and wind. This study aims to improve the ductility of high-strength, lightweight concrete by incorporating steel fibers. The palm oil clinker (POC)-based, high-strength, lightweight concrete specimens reinforced with steel fibers were prepared and their ductility was systematically examined. POC was used as aggregates and supplementary cementitious materials. Steel fibers from 0–1.50% (by volume), with an increment of 0.5%, were used in the concrete mix. Compression ductility, displacement ductility and energy ductility were used as indicators to evaluate the enhancement of ductility. Moreover, the compressive strength, flexural strength, stress-strain behavior, modulus of elasticity, load-displacement characteristics, energy absorption capacity and deformability of the concrete samples were investigated. The compression ductility, displacement ductility and energy ductility indexes were found to be increased by up to 472%, 140% and 568% compared to the control specimens (concrete with 0% steel fibers), respectively. Moreover, the deformability and energy absorption capacity of the concrete were increased by up to 566% and 125%, respectively. Therefore, POC-based, high-strength, fibrous, lightweight concrete could perform better than conventional concrete under extreme loading conditions as it showed significantly higher ductility.

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23

Grzeszykowski, Bartosz, and Elżbieta Danuta Szmigiera. "Experimental Investigation on the Vertical Ductility of Rectangular CFST Columns Loaded Axially." Materials 15, no. 6 (March 17, 2022): 2231. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15062231.

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A total of 5 steel and 21 rectangular composite concrete-filled steel tube (CFST) columns of moderate slenderness were tested to investigate their ductility under axial compression. The importance of the vertical ductility of columns was discussed, and a novel ductility measure was proposed and utilized to examine the ductility of tested specimens. The analyses showed that the ductility of axially compressed CFST columns highly depends on their failure mode. The key feature influencing the ductility is their ability to dissipate the energy of imposed loads. The larger the volume of a material that may permanently deform and consequently dissipate the energy, the greater this ability. In consequence, the ductility of specimens exhibiting local failure mode was higher in comparison to the columns that underwent global or mixed global—local failure. It was found that both steel and composite columns were able to carry axial loads in the post-critical state; but due to the limitations of local buckling of the steel cross-section in the concrete core and concrete confinement, all tested composite columns showed greater ductility than their steel counterparts.

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24

Foroughi, Saeid, and S. Bahadir Yuksel. "A New Approach for Determining the Curvature Ductility of Reinforced Concrete Beams." Slovak Journal of Civil Engineering 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 8–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjce-2022-0002.

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Abstract This paper presents a numerical parametric study of the moment-curvature and curvature ductility of doubly-reinforced beams with different parameters. The effects of the strength of the concrete and the amount of the reinforcement, including the tensile and compression reinforcement on the complete moment-curvature behavior and the curvature ductility factor of the beam sections, have been studied. A new predictive formula for the ductility factor of beam sections that considers the different parameters has been developed. In a continuation of the study, the flexural ductility of beams designed with different parameters according to the ductility factor proposed by different researchers was investigated. Based on the results of the numerical analysis, the proposed predictions for the curvature ductility factor were verified by comparisons with other predictive formulas. The proposed formula offers fairly accurate and consistent predictions for the curvature ductility factor of beam sections. It is shown that the concrete’s compression strength and the amount of reinforcing steel, including the compression reinforcement ratios, have an effect on the curvature ductility factor of beam sections.

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Hu, Jinjun, Qinghui Lai, Xuan Liu, and Lili Xie. "Effects of Structural and Seismic Factors on the Constant-Strength Ductility Spectra Based on NGA-West2 Database." Shock and Vibration 2020 (July 27, 2020): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8820582.

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The constant-strength ductility spectrum is a nonlinear response spectrum that is commonly used to establish the demand curve of the seismic response during performance-based seismic design. It is affected by many factors. In this paper, to evaluate the effect of the major influencing factors, including the structural parameters and seismic factors, the constant-strength ductility spectrum is calculated under different conditions based on 5535 ground motion records. Conclusions are drawn based on the mean constant-strength ductility spectra. (1) With respect to the effects of structural factors, the variation trend of the ductility spectra is highly consistent with increasing T, and the ductility spectra are usually larger for larger ζ and smaller Cy and k2. (2) With respect to the seismic factors, the ductility spectra show obvious differences in different periods; however, some parameters, such as PGA, have no influence on the ductility spectra. The results of this study can provide a theoretical basis for the calculation of ductility demand in the seismic design of structures.

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Sarhan, Osamah. "Evaluation of the effect of shear wall with and without opening on the ductility of RC structure." International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Sciences and Applications 2, no. 2 (July 31, 2021): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.47346/ijaesa.v2i2.72.

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The ductility of a structure is an important factor that should be taken under consideration in the design against lateral loads like an earthquake. This paper presents the effect of the shear wall on the ductility of the structure and the effects of the presence of opining in it on the ductility. Eighteen 2D moment-resisting frames (MRFs), with the shear wall (SW) and SW with opening structural models, were created and designed. The pushover analyses using ETABS 19 software were performed on the designed models to calculate the ductility of the structural models. The obtained results show that the shear wall in the models increases the ductility of the structures significantly, while the presence of an opening decreases it slightly. Besides, the increase in the number of storeys increases the ductility of MRF models but decreases the ones with SW. Oppositely; the increase in span length reduced the ductility of MRF models and increases the docility of the models with SW

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Yuan, Jiansong, Danying Gao, Yin Zhang, and Haitang Zhu. "Improving Ductility for Composite Beams Reinforced with GFRP Tubes by Using Rebars/Steel Angles." Polymers 14, no. 3 (January 29, 2022): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030551.

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The ductile behaviour of composite beams reinforced with glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP) pultruded rectangular tubes was investigated in this paper. The composite beams were reinforced with GFRP tubes and different steel products, aiming to improve their ductility by using steel products. The main parameters were the types of the steel reinforcement, namely rebars and steel angles. The flexural behaviour of four beam specimens was tested by using a four-point bending test. The experimental results show that the yield load of the specimens was determined by the steel products and the ultimate load was controlled by the GFRP tubes. Two ductility methods (displacement ductility and energy ductility) were used to evaluate the change of the ductility. Both the methods confirmed that the ductility of the composite beam was improved in varying degrees by using rebars and steel angles. Moreover, the analysis shows that improving the yield load or decreasing the ultimate load of the composite beams contributed to the improvement of the ductility.

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Wojcik, Tomasz, and Ernst Kozeschnik. "Influence of NbC-Precipitation on Hot Ductility in Microalloyed Steel - TEM Study and Thermokinetic Modeling." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 2107–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.2107.

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One of the main challenges during continuous casting of microalloyed steel is to avoid the formation of transverse surface cracks on the steel slabs. These cracks occur due to severe mechanical and thermal stresses in the strand during the straightening operation. The reason for this phenomenon is a ductility loss of austenite in a typical temperature range of 700°C - 1100°C. One of the main mechanisms reducing the ductility is the precipitation of carbides and nitrides. In this work, we correlate ductility loss and precipitation state accompanying two model cooling strategies in a microalloyed steel grade. Continuously cooled samples show a minimum of ductility at temperatures around 750°C. With increasing temperature, deformability recovers again to reach full ductility again at 950°C. In contrast, samples treated with a fast intermediate cooling and reheating show constant low ductility in this entire temperature range. A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) investigation shows nanometer-sized NbC precipitates in the low ductility states. In contrast, in the samples with high ductility, larger NbC precipitates with lower number densities are observed. The experimental results show a good accordance with corresponding precipitation kinetics simulations carried out with the MatCalc software package.

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Reyes-Salazar, Alfredo, Edén Bojórquez, Juan Bojorquez, Federico Valenzuela-Beltran, and Mario D. Llanes-Tizoc. "Energy Dissipation and Local, Story, and Global Ductility Reduction Factors in Steel Frames under Vibrations Produced by Earthquakes." Shock and Vibration 2018 (October 14, 2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/9713685.

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Ductility plays a central role in seismic analysis and design of steel buildings. A numerical investigation regarding the evaluation of energy dissipation, ductility, and ductility reduction factors for local, story, and global structural levels is conducted. Some steel buildings and strong motions, which were part of the SAC Steel Project, are used. Bending local ductility capacity (µLϕ) of beams can reach values of up to 20, as shown in experimental investigations. The values are larger for medium than for low-rise buildings, reflecting the effect of the structural complexity on µLϕ. Most of the dissipated energy occurs on beams; however, resultant stresses at columns are also significantly reduced by beam yielding. A value of 1/3 is proposed for the ratio of global to local ductility; thus, if local ductility capacity is stated as the basis for the design, global ductility capacity can be calculated by using this ratio. It is implicitly assumed in seismic codes that the magnitude of the global ductility reduction factor is about 4; according to the results found in this paper, it is not justified; a value of 3 is observed to be more reasonable. According to the well-known ratio of the ductility reduction factor to ductility, this ratio should be unity for the models under consideration; the results of this study indicate that, for global response parameters, a value of 3/4 is more appropriate and that, for local response parameters, values larger than 2 can be reached; the implication of this is that using simplified methods like the static equivalent lateral force may result in nonconservative designs from a global structural point of view, but in conservative designs from a local point of view. A value of 8 is proposed for the ratio of the global ductility reduction factor to the global normalized energy.

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Li, Yan Yan, Jin Li Qiao, and Jian Xin Zhang. "Experimental Research on Ductility and Bearing Capacity of T-Shaped Columns with HRB500 Reinforcement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 1450–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.1450.

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In order to research the effect of stirrup ratio on ductility and bearing capacity of T-shaped columns with HRB500 reinforcement, three T-shaped columns with HRB500 reinforcement were tested under low cyclic loading. The damage characteristic, hysteretic curve, yield load, ultimate load, displacement ductility and curvature ductility were analyzed. It is shown that the T-shaped column with HRB500 reinforcement have excellent ductility, higher bearing capacity and better deformation behavior, which can meet the requirement of anti-seismic design. With the increase of stirrup ratio, the curvature ductility of T-shaped columns with HRB500 reinforcement increases and the hysteretic behavior improves.

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Galishnikova, Vera V., Paschal Chimeremeze Chiadighikaobi, and Dafe Aniekan Emiri. "Comprehensive view on the ductility of basalt fiber reinforced concrete focus on lightweight expanded clay." Structural Mechanics of Engineering Constructions and Buildings 15, no. 5 (December 15, 2019): 360–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/1815-5235-2019-15-5-360-366.

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Relevance. Ductility of basalt fiber reinforced concrete is an interesting property of basalt fiber reinforced concrete. However, very few experiments on this property is documented. The aim of the work. This paper provides a summarized analysis and review of existing publications on the ductility of lightweight basalt fiber reinforced concrete. Methods. This paper provides a comprehensive study on ductility of basalt reinforced concrete and lays the framework for proper laboratory experiment on the ductility of basalt fiber reinforced concrete. Results. From the findings of this review paper, ductility of dispersed basalt fiber reinforced concrete depends not only in the percentage of basalt fiber in the concrete but in the length and diameter of the basalt fiber. Increase in the percentage of basalt fiber in the concrete yielded an increase in the concrete ductility.

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Morris, David G., Maria A. Muñoz-Morris, and Ivan Gutierrez-Urrutia. "The Influence of Work Hardening, Internal Stresses, and Stress Relaxation on Ductility of Ultrafine Grained Materials Prepared by Severe Plastic Deformation." Materials Science Forum 633-634 (November 2009): 263–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.633-634.263.

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Ultrafine grained materials prepared by methods of severe plastic deformation appear to show good ductility for their high strength. To a large extent this ductility enhancement, for the given strength, is shown to correspond to the fracture ductility and not the uniform ductility at maximum stress. The improved fracture ductility is often due to the refinement or removal of the coarse defects that act as sites for failure nucleation. The low work hardening rate inherent to the very fine microstructures produced by severe plastic deformation essentially condemns such materials to very low uniform ductility. Stress relaxation occurring during unloading after processing, and changes of internal stresses during reloading for mechanical testing, appear to play a significant role in determining deformation behaviour near the onset of plastic flow, and this can affect the measured uniform strain.

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Cordier, Patrick, and Jean-Claude Doukhan. "Water solubility in quartz and its influence on ductility." European Journal of Mineralogy 1, no. 2 (May 3, 1989): 221–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/1/2/0221.

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Liu, Kang. "Experimental Study on the Ductility of SIFCON Blocks." Advanced Materials Research 838-841 (November 2013): 530–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.838-841.530.

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This paper investigates the ductility of SIFCON blocks with various structural measures adopted to further increase their ductility. Ten SIFCON blocks with various designs were tested using a compression machine to investigate their ductility. The variables examined included fiber alignment, confinement, perforation, and longitudinal bars. Results of the tests indicated that SIFCON blocks with confinement in the form of stirrups and additional perforation can produce better ductility than others.

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Oshida, Yoshiki, P. C. Chen, J. D. Reid, and T. Nishihara. "Time-Dependent Ductility of Electro-Deposited Copper." Journal of Electronic Packaging 114, no. 4 (December 1, 1992): 448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2905479.

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Mechanical ductility property of copper deposits is one of the most important factors necessary to provide a reliable component for the flexible printed circuit boards. Copper deposits are usually fabricated by either an electroless technique or an electrode position process. Among many parameters controlling the deposits quality, it is believed that the current density, bath temperature, the film thickness, annealing temperature and time, and the presence of impurities exhibit particularly strong influences on the mechanical ductility property. In our preliminary studies, it was found that the ductility obtained by the mechanical bulge testing showed a three-stage characteristics in terms of a room temperature annealing; namely (i) initial low ductility regime (from the right-after-copper-deposition until 12 hours aged at room temperature), (ii) transitional rapid increasing ductility regime (from 12 hours to 24 hours), and (iii) the high ductility regime (after 24 hours). In this study, X-ray diffraction analyses of the diffracted line width, the microstrain from which the dislocation density was estimated, residual macrostress, and the scanning electron microscopic observations were conducted and results were correlated with the characteristic three-stage ductility change behavior described above. Results of this study indicate that grain size and residual stress changes are strongly associated with improvement in copper ductility during the room temperature annealing.

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Qiu, Bomin, Jianping Han, and Jun Li. "Numerical Simulation on Aftershock Fragility of Low-Ductility RC Frames under Different Mainshock-Induced Damage Conditions." Buildings 14, no. 6 (May 24, 2024): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings14061519.

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Aftershocks typically occur multiple times following major earthquakes, potentially inflicting enhanced damage. It is crucial to quantify the impact of aftershocks on the seismic performance of low-ductility reinforced concrete (RC) frames with different mainshock-induced damage states. For this purpose, this study investigated the aftershock fragility of low-ductility RC frames with different damage states induced by mainshocks via the case study of a six-story RC frame without a seismic design. The models of the low-ductility RC frames with different damage states were established via OpenSees software 2.5.0. Incremental dynamic analysis (IDA) was carried out to establish damage states induced by a mainshock. Then sixty-five real aftershocks were inputted to analyze the structures with different main-induced damage states. Aftershock fragility curves of low-ductility RC frame structures with different damage states were obtained. The results show that the exceedance probability of the low-ductility RC frame with mainshock-induced damage is higher than that of the intact low-ductility structure, corresponding to each limit state. The severity of the mainshock-induced damage directly amplifies the demand for a low-ductility RC frame in the subsequent aftershocks. As the mainshock-induced damage increases, the exceedance probability of the low-ductility RC frame undergoing more severe damage under aftershocks significantly increases.

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Zhao, Weifeng, Xiaoquan Hu, and Zhilin Long. "Seismic Ductility Reduction of Flexural-type Structures with Vertical Irregularities." Open Civil Engineering Journal 10, no. 1 (February 9, 2016): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501610010001.

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Seismic ductility reduction factors for flexural-type structures with vertical irregularities subjected to pulse-like and non-pulse-like ground motions are investigated in this paper. By establishing various multi-node flexural cantilever-column models, the ductility reduction factor of vertically irregular structures is studied by modifying the ductility reduction factor of irregular structures. The effects of various factors such as ductility level, irregular ratio and pulse-like earthquake excitation on modification coefficient are also explored. The analysis results reveal that: 1) the modification coefficient decreases with smaller irregularity ratio; 2) ductility reduction factors for vertically irregular structures are significantly smaller than those of regular structures; 3) ductility level exerts a certain influence on ductility reduction factor without an obvious trend; and 4) the modification coefficient under pulse-like excitation is smaller than those from non-pulse-like motions and the influence of pulse-like earthquake is coupled with irregularity ratio. This paper concludes with the statistical outcomes based on average of results and recommends modified factors for practice uses.

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Zhai, Chang Hai, Hong Bo Liu, Ning Li, and Li Li Xie. "The Hysteretic Energy Analysis of Inelastic Structures during the Earthquake." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 365–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.365.

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The hysteretic energy is an important parameter to measure the plastic cumulative damage of structures during earthquake. In this paper, with a great number of ground motions collected in the 1999 Chi-Chi, Taiwan, earthquake, the main features of constant-ductility hysteretic energy spectra is analyzed. And the effects of site condition, structural period, ductility level, damping on hysteretic energy are investigated. It is concluded that for a given period, spectra decrease with ductility ratio increases. And as the ductility ratio increase, the spectra will be closer. In the short-period region (about less than 0.8s), spectra are strongly dependent on the structural period. In the long-period region, spectra tend to be constant. The limiting period depends on the ductility ratio and the local site conditions. The damping has similar effect on spectra for all the structural period regardless ductility ratio.

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Sadykov, D. I., A. M. Mavlyutov, and T. S. Orlova. "Enhanced Ductility of High-Strength Ultrafine-Grained Aluminum Alloys at Ambient Temperature (Review)." Reviews on Advanced Materials and Technologies 4, no. 2 (2022): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.17586/2687-0568-2022-4-2-1-14.

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Bulk nanostructured, or ultrafine-grained metals and alloys structured by severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods usually demonstrate high strength and reduced ductility. The poor ductility is a critical issue which limits their practical applications. Significant efforts were made to improve tensile ductility of the SPD-processed metallic materials while keeping sufficiently high strength. In this paper we present a short overview of the developed approaches for simultaneous improvement of the strength and ductility of Al-based alloys with an emphasis on the recent finding and physical reasons of the plasticity enhancement. The main attention is paid to achieving increased ductility of high strength aluminum alloy at room temperature.

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Kapoor, R., P. S. De, and Rajiv S. Mishra. "An Analysis of Strength and Ductility of Ultrafine Grained Al Alloys." Materials Science Forum 633-634 (November 2009): 165–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.633-634.165.

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This paper brings together and compares data of various ultrafine grained (UFG) Al alloys processed through different routes. In general, the trend of decreasing ductility with increasing strength was observed for the UFG alloys. As compared to the coarse grained (CG) alloys, the UFG alloys show a lower ductility, a lower extent of work-hardening and a lower uniform elongation. Unlike the CG alloys, which show a large fraction of uniform to total elongation, in UFG alloys this fraction varies with processing technique. It is shown here that aging of some UFG Al alloys improves ductility. Further, it is shown that increasing the equivalent strain of pre-deformation increases ductility. From this it was inferred that high angle grain boundaries have an important influence on ductility. The variation of ductility with strain rate sensitivity has been found to match both the analytical prediction as well as data of various materials.

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Ming, Kaisheng, Linlin Li, Zhiming Li, Xiaofang Bi, and Jian Wang. "Grain boundary decohesion by nanoclustering Ni and Cr separately in CrMnFeCoNi high-entropy alloys." Science Advances 5, no. 12 (December 2019): eaay0639. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aay0639.

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The loss of ductility with temperature has been widely observed in tensile tests of single-phase face-centered cubic structured high-entropy alloys (HEAs). However, the fundamental mechanism for such a ductility loss remains unknown. Here, we show that ductility loss in the CrMnFeCoNi HEA upon deformation at intermediate temperatures is correlated with cracking at grain boundaries (GBs). Nanoclustering Cr, Ni, and Mn separately at GBs, as detected by atom probe tomography, reduces GB cohesion and promotes crack initiation along GBs. We further demonstrated a GB segregation engineering strategy to avoid ductility loss by shifting the fast segregation of principal elements from GBs into preexisting Cr-rich secondary phases. We believe that GB decohesion by nanoclustering multiprincipal elements is a common phenomenon in HEAs. This study not only provides insights into understanding ductility loss but also offers a strategy for tailoring ductility-temperature relations in HEAs.

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Tandita, Alfetra Henoch, Yuskar Lase, Adi Prakoso, and Mulia Orientilize. "Experimental and Numerical Analysis of Spun Pile-to-Pile Cap Connection with Reinforced Concrete infill Under Cyclic Loading." Rekayasa Sipil 16, no. 3 (October 11, 2022): 207–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.rekayasasipil.2022.016.03.8.

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Numerical study was conducted by using ABAQUS software to investigate two issues on spun pile connections. The issues are usage of non-shrinkage concrete infill cast inside hollow of pile and ductility. An experimental test was carried out to investigate the effect of two different concrete infill types which were common concrete fc’ 35 MPa and non-shrinkage concrete fc’ 54 MPa. A finite element model was validated against experimental test. The results were compared in terms of hysteresis curve, ductility, and performance level. Ductility is one of the important parameters to describe performance of spun pile connections under seismic load. There are different approaches to calculate ductility and this leads to four different ductility values. Hence, ductility of spun pile with concrete infill is in the range of 3.2 to 4.8. Behavior of spun pile with non-shrinkage concrete infill is slightly improved although the results were almost similar.

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Matsuda, Fukuhisa, Hiroji Nakagawa, and Yue-Chang Zhang. "Ductility-dip cracking in weld metal of Fe-36%Ni alloy (Report II) - Characteristics of low ductility by simulated hot ductility test." QUARTERLY JOURNAL OF THE JAPAN WELDING SOCIETY 3, no. 3 (1985): 539–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2207/qjjws.3.539.

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Hong, Dae-Geun, Sang-Hum Kwon, and Chang-Hee Yim. "Hot Ductility Prediction Model of Cast Steel with Low-Temperature Transformed Structure during Continuous Casting." Materials 15, no. 10 (May 13, 2022): 3513. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15103513.

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When various alloying elements are added or the cooling rate is increased, steel grades with U- or V-typed ductility behavior show N-shaped ductility behavior in which the ductility decreases in the low-temperature region. This study proposes a method that uses N-shaped data fitting and random forest to predict ductility behavior of steel grades that have bainite microstructure. To include the phenomenon in which that ductility decreases below the intermediate temperature, the data range was extended to temperature T < 700 °C. To identify the T range in which the ductility decreases at T < 700 °C, an N-shaped data fitting method using six parameters was proposed. Comparison with the experimental values confirmed the effectiveness of the proposed model. Also, the model has better ability than models to predict bainite start temperature TBS. In a case study, the change of ductility behavior according to the cooling rate was observed for Nb-added steel. As the cooling rate increased from 1 °C/s to 10 °C/s, the formation of hard phase was relatively promoted, and different transformation behaviors appeared. This ability to predict the ductility behavior of alloy steels with a bainite microstructure, and to predict TBS below the intermediate temperature enables effective control of the secondary cooling conditions during continuous casting process, minimizing the formation of cracks on the slab surface.

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Hu, Ying, Zi Xiong Chen, Ming Kui Xiao, Ying Ming Li, and Yong Jun Liu. "Assessment of Connection Ductility in Fire." Applied Mechanics and Materials 353-356 (August 2013): 2305–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.353-356.2305.

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Catenary action has been regarded as a viable load-carrying mechanism in fire for providing structural robustness to steel framed buildings, and this loading mechanism heavily relies on connection strength and ductility under exceptional loading conditions. However, the current code of practice has no detailed guidance on estimation of the connection ductility. This paper is dedicated to demonstration of how to quantify connection ductility in a fire or non-fire situation through the component-based approach. Connection ductility has been evaluated with emphasis on elongation and strength of connection components in each bolt row, and response of brittle components has been identified as an index for connection ductility and failure mechanism in a fire situation.

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Du, Jin Sheng, and Xue Liang Chang. "Ductility of Partially Prestressed Concrete Beam." Key Engineering Materials 302-303 (January 2006): 720–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.302-303.720.

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Ductility of partially prestressed concrete beams was numerically analyzed. For a given value of reinforcement index, corresponding curvature ductility factors of an unbonded prestressed concrete beam as well as a bonded prestressed concrete beam are analyzed and compared. It is generally observed that, when reinforcement index is between 0.20 and 0.30, the ductility factor of an unbonded beam is higher than that of bonded one about 10 to 15 percent. While reinforcement index is between 0.15 and 0.20, the ductility factor of an unbonded beam is near that of bonded one. When reinforcement index we is smaller than 0.15, the ductility factor of an unbonded beam is usually lower than that of bonded one about 10 to 15 percent.

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Zhang, Feiyan, Xiang Liu, Fang-Wen Ge, and Chenxing Cui. "Investigation on the Ductility Capacity of Concrete Columns with High Strength Steel Reinforcement under Eccentric Loading." Materials 16, no. 12 (June 14, 2023): 4389. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16124389.

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Ductility-based structural design is currently the mainstream method. In order to analyze the ductility performance of concrete columns with high-strength steel reinforcements under eccentric compression, corresponding experimental studies have been performed. Numerical models were established, and their reliability was verified. Based on the numerical models, the parameter analysis was carried out, where eccentricity, concrete strength, and reinforcement ratio were considered to systematically discuss the ductility of the concrete column section with high-strength steel reinforcement. The results show that the ductility of the section under eccentric compression increases with the strength of the concrete and eccentricity, and decreases with the reinforcement ratio. Finally, a simplified calculation formula capable of quantitatively evaluating the section ductility was proposed.

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Joo, Hyun Sung, Jung Kyun Kim, Byung Ho Choi, and Hak Eun Lee. "Flexural Ductility of High Strength Steel Girder in Negative Moment Region." Applied Mechanics and Materials 174-177 (May 2012): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.174-177.39.

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For I-girder with high strength steel, it is known that the flexural ductility is considerably decreased by increasing the yield strength of material. Thus, it is necessary to conduct a study for guaranteeing proper flexural ductility of I-girder with high-strength steel. In this study, the evaluation of flexural ductility of negative moment region of I-girder with high strength steel where yield stress of steel is 690Mpa is presented based on the results of finite element analysis and experiment. From the results, it is found that the flexural ductility of the I-girder is significantly reduced due to the increase of elastic deformation and the decrease of plastic deformation ability of the material when the yield strength increases. This study proposed equation predicted flexural ductility of high strength steel in negative moment region. It is also proposed the method to improve the flexural ductility by an unequal installation of cross beam and an optimal position of cross beam. Finally, the effects of the unequal installation of cross beam on the flexural ductility are discussed based on the finite element results and the experimental results.

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Hu, Zhiping, Keqiang Wang, and Jinyu Guo. "Microstructure and mechanical property of a novel hot dip galvanized dual phase steel with high ductility." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2368, no. 1 (November 1, 2022): 012021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2368/1/012021.

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A novel hot dip galvanized dual phase steel with high ductility (DH) was designed with a novel chemical composition and hot-galvanized process. An ideal microstructure composed of ferrite, martensite, bainite and retained austenite was obtained in DH steel. Consequently, subjected to similar hot dip galvanizing process, a higher ductility was obtained in DH steel. The result indicated that retained austenite was beneficial to ductility, obvious TRIP effect of retained austenite presented during the whole tensile deformation, contributing to the strength and ductility.

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Gong, Mao Sheng, Jing Sun, and Li Li Xie. "Attenuation of Hysteretic Energy Spectra of Strong Ground Motion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 166-169 (May 2012): 2453–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.166-169.2453.

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Based on 266 strong ground motions from 15 significant earthquakes in California of America, the attenuation law of hysteretic spectra is established by using nonlinear regression method, and the effects of site class and ductility level on the hysteretic spectra constructed from the attenuation relationship are discussed in the paper. The results show that the site has significant effects on hysteretic energy spectra, and the more soft the site is, the more hysteretic energy structure will suffer from earthquake. Moreover, for ductility level scaled by ductility factor, the results show that structure with greater ductility factor can dissipate more input energy from the earthquake by means of the plastic deformation. The up limit design value of ductility factor for a structure is proposed as 4 because there is little difference between the hysteretic energy demand for ductility factor 4 and larger values. The hysteretic energy demand for structures at a given site in scenario earthquakes can be evaluated according to the results of the paper.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Ductility'

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