To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Ductile fracture simulations.

Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Ductile fracture simulations'

Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles

Select a source type:

Consult the top 25 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Ductile fracture simulations.'

Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.

You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.

Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.

1

Xenos, Sokratis. "Porous materials : constitutive modeling and computational issues." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Institut polytechnique de Paris, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IPPAX040.

Full text
Abstract:
Ce travail porte sur le développement, la calibration et l'implémentation numérique d'un nouveau modèle élastoplastique entièrement explicite, isotrope et indépendant du taux de déformation pour les matériaux métalliques poreux. La microstructure est supposée être constituée d'une distribution aléatoire de vides sphéroïdaux de même forme, orientés de manière aléatoire et avec une probabilité uniforme. Le modèle proposé est basé sur des estimations d'homogénéisation antérieures qui utilisent une théorie de comparaison composite linéaire (LCC). Pour évaluer l'exactitude du modèle analytique, nous réalisons des simulations éléments finis tridimensionnelles à grandes déformationsd'éléments de volume représentatifs (RVE) avec les microstructures correspondantes. Une calibration appropriée des paramètres du modèle conduit à un accord assez précis des prédictions analytiques avec les contraintes moyennes éléments finis et l'évolution de la porosité. Nous montrons, à la fois analytiquement et numériquement, que le rapport d'aspect initial des vides a un effet significatif sur la réponse effective homogénéisée du matériau poreux, entraînant des réponses extrêmement souples pour les vides très oblates, surtout à des triaxialités de contraintes élevées.Ensuite, nous examinons les problèmes computationnels liés à l'implémentation numérique de modèles constitutifs indépendants du taux de déformation qui conduisent à un comportement d'adoucissement. Il est démontré analytiquement que les modèles élastoplastiques basés sur des formulations continues "locales'' peuvent entraîner une perte d'ellipticité des équations aux dérivées partielles (EDP) et des solutions numériques dépendantes du maillage. Pour remédier les problèmes numériques associés, nous proposons une version implicite non locale du nouveau modèle poreux, basée sur l'introduction d'une variable de porosité non locale déterminée à partir de la solution d'une EDP supplémentaire. Nous montrons à la fois analytiquement et numériquement que la version régularisée du modèle permet de préserver les propriétés elliptiques des équations du problème, produisant des solutions convergentes indépendantes du maillage dans le régime post-bifurcation. Le point de bifurcation s'avère être fortement dépendant de la forme des micro-vides, avec des vides très plats (par exemple,un rapport d'aspect inférieur à 0,3) entraînant des déformations à la localisation plus faibles. Il est constaté que la longueur matérielle introduite par la formulation non locale a un effet minimal sur le point de bifurcation prédit, affectant uniquement le gradient post-bifurcation de la courbe contrainte-déformation macroscopique et la taille de lazone fortement déformée dans la structure. Dans la dernière partie de cette étude, les versions locale et non locale du modèle sont efficacement implémentées dans un code commercial d'éléments finis (ABAQUS) et utilisés pour la solution numérique de problèmes de valeurs limites liés aux processus de formage et de rupture ductile. En particulier, les problèmes de test d'expansion de trou (TET) et de test d'impact Charpy (essai Charpy), le phénomène de rupture "cup-and-cone'' ainsi que la rupture ductile d'un spécimen à géométrie complexe et la comparaison avec les résultats expérimentaux correspondants sont analysés en détail. Les prédictions numériques indiquent que la ductilité est une fonction croissante du paramètre de forme des vides, et les matériaux composés de vides oblates de faible rapport d'aspect présentent une initiation et une propagation macroscopiques de fissures prématurées par rapport aux matériaux avec des vides sphériques ou presquesphériques. Enfin, la capacité du modèle à reproduire les résultats expérimentaux avec une précision suffisante suggère qu'il peut être utilisé pour fournir des prédictions avec seulement un petit nombre de paramètres qui peuvent être calibrés à partir de calculs micromécaniques ou de données expérimentales
This work is concerned with the development, calibration, and numerical implementation of a novel fully explicit isotropic, rate-independent, elasto-plastic model for porous metallic materials. The microstructure is assumed to consist of a random, with uniform probability, distribution of randomly oriented spheroidal voids of the same shape. The proposed model is based on earlier homogenization estimates that use a Linear Comparison Composite (LCC) theory. The resulting expressions exhibit the simplicity of the well known Gurson model and, thus, its numerical implementation in a finite element code is straightforward. To assess the accuracy of the analytical model, we carry out detailed finite-strain, three-dimensional finite element (FE) simulations ofrepresentative volume elements (RVEs) with the corresponding microstructures. Properparameter calibration of the model leads to fairly accurate agreement of the analytical predictions with the corresponding FE average stresses and porosity evolution. We show, both analytically and numerically, that the initial aspect ratio of the voids has a significant effect on the homogenized effective response of the porous material leading to extremely soft responses for flat oblate voids (e.g., aspect ratio less than 0.5) especially at high stress triaxialities.Next, we examine the computational issues related to the numerical implementation of rate-independent constitutive models that lead to softening behavior. It is shown analytically that elastic-plastic models based on ``local'' continuum formulations that do not incorporate a characteristic length scale may lead to loss of ellipticity of the governing partial differential equations (PDEs) and mesh-dependent numerical solutions. To remedy the associated numerical problems, we propose an implicit non-local version of the porous model developed in this work which is based on the introductionof a non-local porosity variable determined from the solution of an additional PDE. We show both analytically and numerically that the regularized version of the model allows for preservation of the elliptic properties of the governing equations yielding mesh-independent, converged solutions in the post-bifurcation regime. The bifurcation point (i.e., strain-to-localization) is found to be highly dependent on the micro-void's shape, with very flat voids (e.g., aspect ratio less than 0.3) leading to lower localization strains. The material length introduced by the non-local formulation is found tohave minimal effect on the predicted bifurcation point, only affecting the post-bifurcation gradient of the macroscopic stress-strain curve and the size of the highly strained zone in the structure.In the last part of this study, both the local and the non-local versions of the model are efficiently implemented in a commercial finite element code (ABAQUS). The models are used for the numerical solution of boundary value problems (BVPs) related to forming and ductile fracture processes under both quasi-static and dynamic conditions. In particular, the industrially relevant problems of Hole expansion (HET) and Charpy impact (CVN) test, the cup-and-cone fracture phenomenon as well as ductile fracture of a specimen with complex geometry and comparison with corresponding experimentalresults are analyzed in detail. Numerical predictions in all cases indicate that ductility is an increasing function of the void shape parameter and materials comprising flat oblate voids of low aspect ratio exhibit early macroscopic crack initiation and propagation compared to materials with spherical/almost spherical voids. Finally, the model's capability to reproduce experimental results with sufficient accuracy suggests that it can be utilized to provide predictions with only a small amount of parameters that may be calibrated from either micromechanics calculations or experimental data
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
2

Davaze, Valentin. "Modélisation numérique de l'amorçage et la propagation des fissures dans les tôles métalliques ductiles pour les simulations de crash." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PSLEM060.

Full text
Abstract:
Lors d’un crash automobile, les pièces faites de tôles métalliques sont sujettes à rupture. La rupture des matériauxductiles n’est actuellement pas prédite de manière fiable dans un contexte industriel, entraînant des coûts et délaissupplémentaires sur la conception. Cette problématique est alors abordée dans cette thèse CIFRE du Groupe PSAmenée en collaboration avec l’Onera et le Centre des Matériaux. L’objectif de ces travaux est de développer et d’implanterune stratégie numérique fiable de prédiction de fissure par la méthode des Éléments Finis (EF) dans les calculs de crashautomobile. Une première partie de ce travail consiste en la caractérisation puis la modélisation du comportementjusqu’à l’amorçage d’un matériau ductile représentatif: les tôles d’acier DP450. Pour ce faire, des essais sont réaliséssur une large gamme de vitesses de chargement, de triaxialités, et à différentes températures. À partir des résultatsobtenus, un modèle numérique de comportement est établi en tenant compte des différents phénomènes observésinfluençant la fissuration: la plasticité, les effets de vitesse et l’endommagement. Le modèle ainsi défini permet de tenircompte de la plupart des phénomènes observés. Cependant, le recours aux modèles adoucissants pour la modélisationde l’endommagement et des effets thermiques à haute vitesse entraîne une dépendance pathologique des résultatsau maillage utilisé (taille, orientation). Ce problème est résolu par l’implantation d’une méthode de régularisation non-localeadaptée aux calculs en dynamique rapide. Une variable non-locale est alors calculée à travers l’enrichissementd’éléments finis (solides et coques). Celle-ci est traitée comme un nouveau degré de liberté, facilitant ainsi l’échange del’information entre les éléments tout en conservant la parallélisation du code. Cette variable est ensuite introduite dansles équations constitutives permettant par la suite d’obtenir l’indépendance des résultats au maillage. La validation del’approche proposée est finalement réalisée grâce à la confrontation avec des résultats expérimentaux
In the event of a car crash, parts made of metal sheets are subjected to failure. Failure of ductile materials is currentlynot reliably predicted in an industrial context, involving additional costs and delays in the design process. This issue isthen addressed in this Ph.D thesis work of the PSA Group carried out in collaboration with Onera and the Centre des Matériaux. The aim of this work is to develop and implement a reliable numerical strategy for crack prediction using the Finite Element Method (FE) in automotive crash simulations. A first part of this work consists in characterizing and then modelling the plastic and fracture behavior of a representative ductile material: the DP450 steel sheets. To do so, tests are performed over a wide range of loading rates, stress triaxialities, and at different temperatures. From the obtained results,a numerical constitutive model is built by taking into account the different observed phenomena influencing crack initiationand propagation: plasticity, strain-rate effects and damage. The constitutive model thus enables to take into account mostof the observed phenomena. However, the use of softening models for modelling damage and thermal effects at highloading rate leads to a pathological dependence of the results on the mesh size and the mesh orientation. This problem issolved by the implementation of a non-local regularization method adapted to dynamic explicit computations. A non-localvariable is then computed through the enrichment of finite elements (continuum and shell). It is therefore treated as a new degree of freedom, which facilitates the exchange of data between the elements while preserving the parallelizationof the code. This variable is then introduced into the constitutive equations, allowing to obtain mesh independent results.The validation of the proposed approach is finally realized through the simulation of experimental results
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
3

Ren, Sicong. "Mesures de champs et simulations par élément finis de l'interaction entre vieillissement dynamique et endommagement dans les alliages métalliques." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PSLEM001/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Récemment, les observations in-situ par laminographie aux rayons X (au synchrotron) montrent que les multiples bandes de localisation sont les précurseurs de l'endommagement et éventuellement de la rupture en biseau. Ces bandes peuvent être liées aux phénomènes de vieillissement par la déformation (type effet de L"uders ou Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC)) dont l'influence sur la rupture est encore mal compris. Ces effets sont pourtant observés dans de nombreux alliages industriels comme les aluminiums de la série 2000 ou 5000, ou par exemple, dans le cas des aciers C-Mn pour lesquels un creux de ductilité est observé dans la gamme de température o'u ces effets sont les plus marqués.L'objectif de la thèse consiste à caractériser l'effet PLC et évaluer son influence sur le développement de l'endommagement et donc sur la rupture finale. D'abord, l'effet de vieillissement sur l'écrouissage a été introduit dans un modèle basé sur la densité de dislocations en utilisant les résultats dans la littérature. Ensuite, certains alliages d'aluminium de la série 2000 et un acier C-Mn ont été étudiés par essais mécaniques avec corrélation d'images.Le déclenchement prématuré de localisation a été observé pendant les essais de relaxation, de déchargement et de changement de vitesse pour certains alliages d'aluminium.Les bandes autour de l'entaille dans l'éprouvette d'acier C-Mn ont été observées à haute température. Deux modes de rupture différents ont été observés dans les deux températures. Ces résultats sont comparés avec ceux du modèle KEMC. Enfin, un modèle de comportement couplant les effets de vieillissement (type KEMC) et d'endommagement (type Rousselier) a été développé pour tenter d'expliquer les interactions observées expérimentalement entre ces deux phénomènes
Recently, in-situ observations by X-ray laminography (at synchrotron) show that the multiple localization bands are the precursors of damage and possibly the slant fracture. These bands can be related to the strain ageing effect (L"uders or Portevin-Le Chatelier (PLC)) whose influence on the fracture is still poorly understood. These effects are observed in many industrial alloys such as 2000 or 5000 series aluminium alloys, or, for example, in the C-Mn steels for which a ductility drop is observed in the temperature range where these effects are most pronounced.The aim of the thesis is to characterize the PLC effect and to evaluate its influence on the development of ductile damage and therefore on the final fracture. Firstly, the influence of strain ageing on strain hardening was introduced in a model based on the dislocation density using results from the literature. Secondly, several 2000 series aluminium alloys and a C-Mn steel were investigated by mechanical tests combined with Digital Image Correlation. The premature triggering of localization bands was observed in tensile tests involving relaxation, unloading and strain rate jump for certain aluminium alloys. The bands around the notch in the specimens of C-Mn steel were observed at high temperature. Two different modes of fracture were observed at the two temperatures. These results are compared with those produced with the KEMC model. Thirdly, a constitutive model combining the strain ageing (type KEMC) and damage (type Rousselier) was developed in order to explain the experimentally observed interactions between these two phenomena
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
4

Mbarek, Imen Asma. "Étude dynamique pour définition d'aciers de blindage innovants contre les explosions." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0189.

Full text
Abstract:
Le travail de thèse de doctorat porte sur une étude complète du comportement dynamique de trois aciers de blindage soumis à des impacts balistiques. Dans un premier temps, afin de comprendre les phénomènes mis en jeu pendant la perforation de cibles fines, des essais de caractérisation du comportement thermo-viscoplastique et de rupture ont été réalisés. Les paramètres des lois de comportement et des critères de rupture ont été identifiés pour alimenter un modèle numérique simulant l'essai de perforation. La réponse des cibles impactées par des projectiles coniques a ensuite été évaluée à l'aide d'essais de perforation. Grâce à cette étude, il est possible de valider l'implémentation des lois et des critères réalisée dans des codes de calcul. Un dispositif de mesure des efforts d'impact et de perforation a donc été développé au cours de la thèse. Il fût montré que la mesure des efforts ainsi obtenue n'est pas intrinsèque au matériau impacté mais qu'elle dépend de la réponse globale du dispositif support-cible. Les résultats numériques issus de l’analyse par la méthode des éléments finis (MEF) ont été comparés aux résultats expérimentaux. Il a été observé un bon accord en terme de courbes balistiques, de modes de rupture, d’efforts dynamiques et de bilan énergétique. La modélisation numérique montre que seule une description précise du comportement mécanique des matériaux et de la rupture permet d'avoir une bonne représentation des performances balistiques des aciers étudiés. Une attention toute particulière a été portée sur l’influence de la tri-axialité des contraintes locales initiée par la forme de l’impactant, de la vitesse de déformation et de la température sur le seuil de déformation à la rupture. En perspective, les résultats issus de cette étude pourront servir dans l'analyse de la réponse des aciers de blindage sous chargements par explosif
The main aim of this PhD thesis is to develop a comprehensive study of the dynamic behavior of three armor steels subjected to ballistic impact. In order to have better understanding of the phenomena which take place during the thin targets perforation process, characterization experiments allowing to describe of the thermo-viscoplastic behavior and fracture were carried out. The identification of the constitutive relations and the failure criteria parameters allow to establish a numerical model simulating the perforation test. The ballistic response of armor steels subjected to the impact of conical projectiles was then assessed using perforation testing. This experimental investigation aims at endorsing the implementation of the behavior and fracture models in the calculation software. An experimental set-up for perforation forces measurements was specially developed during the thesis. It has been found that this dynamic force measurement is not intrinsic to the target material. It is rather dependent on the structural response of the used set-up support-target during impact and perforation. The numerical results from the Finite Elements Analysis (FEA) were compared to the experimental data and good agreement was found in terms of ballistic curves, failure patterns, impact forces and energy balance. Numerical investigations show that only an accurate description of the mechanical behavior and the fracture allows a good prediction of the ballistic performances of armor steels. Close attention was paid to the influence of local stress triaxiality induced by the projectile nose shape, strain rate and temperature on the strain to fracture threshold. In the future, these investigations can be used in the behavior analysis of armor steels subjected to blast loading
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
5

Bude, Jérémie. "Ductile fracture simulation using the strong discontinuity method." Thesis, Compiègne, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015COMP2243/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans un contexte d’évaluation de la criticité des chargements, les travaux de thèse ont les objectifs suivants : prendre en compte les phénomènes sous-jacents à le rupture ductile : les phénomènes de dissipation volumique (plasticité et endommagement) et surfaciques (fissuration). On s'intéresse également à régulariser la solution vis-à-vis du maillage, à prédire le phénomène de transition de mode de rupture plan vers un mode de propagation oblique observé pour certains essais. La méthode utilisée est basée sur la méthode des discontinuités fortes. Un des enjeux majeurs de ces travaux est d’étendre son champ d'application au cadre de la modélisation de la rupture ductile, notamment en présence de plasticité et d'endommagement dans le volume. Une première partie des travaux est consacré à l'établissement d'un modèle en hypothèse de petites déformations, avec un modèle matériau de plasticité et d'endommagement couplé de Lemaitre pour le volume et un modèle cohésif endommageable pour le comportement surfacique. Les deux modes de rupture I et II ont été considérés dans les essais numériques. Des résultats montrant les capacités de régularisation de la méthode employée ont été présentés pour divers essais. Une seconde partie des travaux a été consacré à la formulation d'un modèle en hypothèse de grandes transformations, avec également des résultats probants en termes de régularisation de la dépendance à la taille de maille. Les deux éléments présentés ont été implémentés en formulation implicite et explicite, dans FEAP (Finite Element Analysis Program), logiciel académique développé à UC Berkeley par Taylor, et plus récemment dans le logiciel de calcul Eléments Finis Abaqus
In the context of loadings criticality analysis, the thesis work have the following objectives : to take into account the underlying phenomena to ductile fracture : the volumetrie (plasticity and damage) and surfacic (fracture) dissipativ mechanisms. We also aim at regularizing the solution with regards to meshing, predicting the transition from a straigh crack propagation to a slant fracture mode observed for certain tests. The chosen method relies on the stron discontinuity method. One of the major challenges of this work is to extend its framework to the ductile fractur modeling framework, by accounting for plasticity and damage in the bulk. The first part of this work is dedicated to th establ'ishment of a model in small strain hypothesis, with a material model that takes into account coupied plasticity an damage in the QUik and a damageable model for the cohesive surfacic behavior. Both modes 1 and Il have been taken int) account in thnumerical examples. Results attesting the regularizing capabilities of the method are presented fo different tests. The second part of this work is dedicated to the formulation of a finite strain mode!, and results showin the good regularizing capabilities of the method are also shown. Both elements have been implemented in FEAP (Finit Element Analysis Program), an academie software developed at UC Berkeley by Taylor, and more recently in the finit element software Abaqus
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
6

Emerson, Tonya Lynn. "Ductile fracture mechanics : modeling, experiments, and computational simulation /." For electronic version search Digital dissertations database. Restricted to UC campuses. Access is free to UC campus dissertations, 2002. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
7

Wang, Li. "Ductile fracture simulation of structural steel using the local approach method." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.271053.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
8

Myers, Andrew T. "Testing and probabilistic simulation of ductile fracture initiation in structural steel components and weldments /." May be available electronically:, 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
9

Hůlka, Jiří. "Aplikace modelů tvárného porušování při výpočtové simulaci technologických operací." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2008. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-227954.

Full text
Abstract:
This diploma thesis is an introduction to the ductile fracture under large plastic deformations and is focused to numerical simulation of this type of problems. Explicit finite element method (FEM) is discussed in theoretical introduction as the most powerful tool for numerical calculations in this area. Actual state of research and possibilities of ductile fracture simulations are presented. Applicable fracture criteria are collected in a summary sheet and the most important ones are selected and commented in detail. The problem of implementation of selected criteria into commercial FEM packages is discussed, too. Main part of the work is presented in chapters 7÷9 where two ductile fracture criteria (Equivalent Fracture Strain and Johnson-Cook) are applied to numerical simulation of material cutting. All results were obtained with ABAQUS/Explicit 6.5.1 and their verification was realized by experimental measurement.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
10

Hütter, Geralf. "Multi-scale simulation of crack propagation in the ductile-brittle transition region." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-121281.

Full text
Abstract:
In the present thesis the crack propagation in the ductile-brittle transition region is studied on two scales with deterministic models. In the macroscopic model the ductile failure is described by a non-local Gurson-model whereas the discrete void microstructure is resolved around the crack tip in the microscopic model. The failure by cleavage is not evaluated by means of a post-processing criterion but is modeled equivalently using a cohesive zone model on both scales. Thus, cleavage is not a priori identified with unstable crack propagation but the transition between stable and unstable mode of propagation is a result of the simulation. The problem of handling completely failed material within the framework of non-local damage models is pointed out. A method to overcome this problem is proposed and successfully applied. The case of contained plastic yielding at the crack tip is addressed with a modified-boundary layer model. The macroscopic simulations reproduce many features which are known from experiments like the formation of stretch zones, cleavage after initial ductile tearing, pop-ins with crack arrest, among others. The microscopic simulations substantiate the understanding of the macroscopically observed behavior. Systematic parameter studies are performed. Starting with considerations on the limit cases like pure ductile failure or the lower-ductile brittle transition region allows to separate the effects of the different constitutive parameters. Based on these results, a methodology is proposed to extract the macroscopic material parameters from experiments. This scheme is successfully applied to experimental data from literature. The results show that the behavior of a low-constraint specimen can be reliably predicted with the parameters extracted from a high-constraint specimen
In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird die Rissausbreitung im spröd-duktilen Übergangsbereich auf zwei Skalen mittels deterministischer Modelle untersucht. Das duktile Versagen wird im makroskopischen Modell durch ein nichtlokales Gurson-Modell beschrieben, während im mikroskopischen Modell die Porenmikrostruktur im Bereich um die Rissspitze diskret aufgelöst wird. Das mögliche Versagen durch Spaltbruch wird nicht, wie üblich, nachträglich durch ein spannungsbasiertes Kriterium bewertet. Stattdessen wird der Spaltbruch auf beiden Skalen durch ein Kohäsivzonenmodell abgebildet. Somit wird die Spaltbruchinitiierung nicht a priori mit instabiler Rissausbreitung gleichgesetzt. Vielmehr ist die Stabilität der Rissausbreitung ein Ergebnis der Simulationen. Außerdem wird das Problem der der Handhabung vollständig ausgefallenen Materials im Rahmen nichtlokaler Schädigungsmodelle herausgestellt. Es wird eine Methode vorgestellt, dieses Problem zu behandeln und erfolgreich angewendet. In den Simulationen wird der Fall vollständig eingebetteten, plastischen Fließens untersucht. Die Simulationen mit dem makroskopischen Modell geben viele Effekte wieder, die aus Experimenten bekannt sind. Dazu zählen die Ausbildung von Stretchzonen, die Spaltbruchinitiierung nach anfänglichem, duktilem Reißen oder lokale Instabilitäten mit Rissarrest. Die mikroskopischen Simulationen tragen zum Verständnis des makroskopisch beobachteten Verhaltens bei. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden systematische Parameterstudien durchgeführt. Zunächst werden Grenzfälle wie das rein duktile Versagens oder der Spaltbruch in Abwesenheit der Mikroporen untersucht, um die Einflüsse der einzelnen Materialparameter abzugrenzen. Ausgehend von diesen Ergebnissen wird eine Prozedur vorgeschlagen, die Materialparameter des makroskopischen Modells Schritt für Schritt aus Experimenten zu bestimmen. Diese Prozedur wird erfolgreich auf experimentelle Daten aus der Literatur angewendet. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass es das entwickelte Modell erlaubt, das Verhalten einer Bruchmechanikprobe mit geringer Dehnungsbehinderung an der Rissspitze mit denjenigen Materialparametern vorherzusagen, die an Proben mit einer hohen Dehnungsbehinderung ermittelt wurden
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
11

Eriksson, Viktor. "Numerical Simulation of Ductile Cast Iron Fracture : A parameterization of the material model *MAT_224 in the FE-code LS-DYNA." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-37576.

Full text
Abstract:
In crashes, fracture of Ductile Cast Iron (DCI) components can have a big influence on the global behaviour of the structure and the survival probability of the driver. In this thesis the material model *MAT_224 is parameterized for one ferritic-pearlitic grade, SS-0727-02, of DCI. The aim is to better describe the fracture and yielding of DCI components in crash simulations using the FE-code LS-DYNA. This is done by mechanical testing and simulations where the hardening behaviour and failure criteria are quantified. The failure criteria are defined by a failure strain surface, which depends on the stress triaxiality and the lode parameter. Tensile and torsion testing were performed to determine the model material parameters. Several different types of test specimens have been designed and tested. The goal when designing the specimen is to have a large variety of stress states at failure. To evaluate the parameterized material model three different types of validations tests, using bending and component testing, have been performed. The parameterized material model is able to predict the force at failure for several different stress states in a satisfying way. Still, the final failure is not predicted satisfactorily all the way, probably due to technological reasons. Thus, more mechanical test is recommended in order to validate the model further.
Vid krockförlopp kan brott i segjärnskomponenter ha en stor inverkan på strukturens globala beteende och även på förarens överlevnads chanser. I denna uppsats har materialmodellen *MAT_224 parametriseras för en ferritisk-perlitisk klass, SS-0727-02, av segjärn. Målet är att på ett bättre sätt kunna beskriva deformation och brott i segjärnskomponenter vid krocksimuleringar utförda med FE-koden LS-DYNA. Detta genomförs med mekanisk provning och simuleringar där hårdnandet och ett brottkriterium har kvantifierats. Brottkriteriet har definierats av en brottyta bestående av plastisk töjning, spänningstriaxialitet och lode parametern. Drag och vridprov har genomförts för att fastställa materialets parametrar. Flera olika typer av provstavar har blivit designade och testade. Målen vid konstruktionen av provstavarna är att ha en stor spridning i spänningstillstånd vid brott. För att utvärdera den parametriserade materialmodellen har tre olika typer av validerade prov, bestående av böjning och ett komponentprov genomförs. Den parametriserade materialmodellen har på ett tillfredsställande sätt kunnat förutsäga brottkraften för flera olika spänningstillstånd. Dock är den slutgiltiga brottförlängningen inte förutsagt helt tillfredsställande, detta troligen på grund av tekniska svårigheter. Komplementerande provning rekommenderas för att validera modellen ytterligare.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
12

Yang, Fangtao. "Simulation of continuous damage and fracture in metal-forming processes with 3D mesh adaptive methodology." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2385/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Ces travaux s'inscrivent dans le cadre des recherches menées dans le cadre d'une collaboration entre le laboratoire Roberval de l'Université de Technologie de Compiègne et l'équipe dans le cadre du projet ANR-14-CE07-0035 LASMIS de l'Institut Charles Delaunay de l'Université de Technologie de Troyes. Nous présentons dans ces travaux une h-méthodologie adaptative tridimensionnelle des éléments finis afin de représenter l'initiation et la propagation des fissures dans des matériaux ductiles. Un modèle élasto-plastique couplé à l'endommagement isotrope proposé par l'équipe du LASMIS/UTT est utilisé. Les applications visées à terme concernent principalement la mise en forme des métaux. Dans ce contexte, une formulation Lagrangienne actualisée est employée et des remaillages fréquents s'avèrent essentiels afin d'une part d'éviter les fortes distorsions d'éléments dues aux grandes déformations plastiques et d'autre part de suivre les modifications de la topologie résultant de la création de fissures. La taille du nouveau maillage doit permettre à moindre coût représenter avec précision l'évolution des gradients des quantités physiques représentatives des phénomènes étudiées (plasticité, endommagement...). Nous proposons des indicateurs empiriques de taille d'éléments basés sur la déformation plastique ainsi que sur l'endommagement. Une courbe définie par morceau représente l'évolution de la taille d'élément suivant la sévérité de la plasticité et le cas échéant de l'endommagement. Les fissures sont représentées par une méthode de destruction d'éléments qui permet une description aisée de la géométrie de ces dernières et une gestion simplifiée de la fissuration sans nul besoin de critères additionnels. En revanche, pour permettre une description réaliste des fissures, ces dernières doivent être représentées par l'érosion des éléments de plus petite taille. Un solveur ABAQUS/Explicit® est utilisé avec des éléments tétraédriques quadratiques (C3D10M) évitant notamment les problèmes de verrouillage numérique survenant lors de l'analyse de structures en matériau compressible ou quasi-incompressible. Le contrôle de la plus petite taille du maillage est important dans un contexte explicite. De surcroît, pour les phénomènes adoucissant, la solution dépend de la taille de maille considérée alors comme un paramètre intrinsèque. Une étude nous a permis de constater que lorsque le maillage est suffisamment raffiné, les effets de la dépendance au maillage se réduisaient. Dans la littérature, les coûts de maillage ou de remaillage fréquents sont souvent considérés comme prohibitifs et de nombreux auteurs s'appuient sur cet argument pour introduire, avec succès certes, des méthodes alternatives qui limitent le coût des opérations de remaillage sans toutefois les éliminer (XFEM par exemple). Nos travaux montrent que le coût d'un remaillage local est négligeable par rapport au calcul. Compte tenu de la complexité de la géométrie et de la nécessité de raffiner le maillage, la seule alternative à ce jour est d'utiliser un mailleur en tétraèdres. La stratégie de remaillage local en tétraèdre s'appuie sur une méthode de bisection suivie si nécessaire d'une optimisation locale du maillage proposé par A. Rassineux en 2003. Le remaillage, même local, doit s'accompagner de procédures de transfert de champ des variables nodales et aux points d'intégration. Les variables nodales sont, comme le fait la plupart des auteurs, transférées en utilisant les fonctions de forme éléments finis. Le transfert de champ en 3D aux points de Gauss et les nombreux problèmes sous-jacents ont été relativement peu abordés dans la littérature
This work is part of the research carried out in the framework of a collaboration between the Roberval laboratory of the Compiègne University of Technology and the team within the framework of the project ANR-14-CE07-0035 LASMIS of the Charles Delaunay Institute of Technology University of Troyes. In this work, we present a three-dimensional adaptive Pi-methodology of finite elements to represent the initiation and propagation of cracks in ductile materials. An elastoplastic model coupled with the isotropic damage proposed by the LASMIS / UTT team is used. The targeted applications will mainly concern the metal forming. In this context, an updated Lagrangian formulation is used and frequent remeshing is essential in order to avoid the strong distortion of elements due to large plastic deformations and to follow the modifications of the topology resulting in the creation of cracks. The size of the new mesh must allow at a lower cost to accurately represent the evolution of the gradients of the physical quantities representative of the studied phenomena (plasticity, damage ...). We propose empirical indicators of size of elements based on the plastic deformation as well as on the damage. A piecewise defined curve represents the evolution of the element size according to the severity of the plasticity and, if appropriate, the damage. The cracks are represented by a method of destruction of elements which allows an easy description of the geometry and a simplified treatment of the cracking without any need for additional criteria. On the other hand, to allow a realistic description of the cracks, the latter must be represented by erosion smaller elements. An ABAQUS / Explicit@ solver is used with quadratic tetrahedral elements (C3DIOM), avoiding in particular the problems of numerical locking occurring during the analysis of structures in compressible or quasi-incompressible material. The control of the smaller mesh size is important in an explicit context. In addition, for softening phenomena, the solution depends on the mesh size considered as an intrinsic parameter. A study has shown that when the mesh is sufficiently refined, the effects of mesh dependence are reduced. In the literature, the costs of frequent meshing or remeshing are often considered prohibitive and many authors rely on this argument to introduce, with success, alternative methods that limit the cost of remeshing operations without eliminating them ( XFEM for example). Our work shows that the cost of local remeshing is negligible compared to the calculation. Given the complexity of the geometry and the need to refine the mesh, the only alternative to date is to use a mesh in tetrahedra. The strategy of local remeshing tetrahedron is based on a bisection method followed if necessary by a local optimization of the grid proposed by A. Rassineux in 2003. The remeshing, even local, must be accompanied by field transfer procedures on both nodal variables and integration points. Node variables are, as most authors do, transferred using finite element shape functions. The 3D field transfer at Gauss points and the many underlying problems have been relatively untouched in the literature. The main difficulties to be solved in order to ensure the "quality" of the transfer concern the limitation of numerical diffusion, the lack of information near borders, the respect of boundary conditions, the equilibrium, the calculation costs, the filtering of the information points, crucial problems in 3D where the number of Gauss points used is several hundred. We propose a so-called "hybrid" method which consists, initially, in extrapolating the data at the Gauss points, in the nodes by diffuse interpolation and then in using the finite element form functions to obtain the value at the point considered
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
13

Gachet, Jean-Marie. "Intégration de la phase de mise en forme dans le dimensionnement de flasques de sièges automobile." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2013. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00907736.

Full text
Abstract:
L'objet du présent travail est la modélisation, par simulation numérique, de la tenue mécanique de flasques de sièges automobile obtenus par semi-découpe de tôle d'acier à haute limite élastique. Des essais de compression, de traction et de cisaillement sont mis en place pour étudier l'anisotropie plastique, l'écrouissage, l'endommagement et la rupture. Des essais non proportionnels de cisaillement suivi de traction et de semi-découpe suivie de poinçonnement permettent d'investiguer l'effet de prédéformations, à bas taux de triaxialité des contraintes, sur le comportement du matériau à nouveau sollicité à un taux de triaxialité des contraintes plus élevé. Basé sur les travaux de Xue et Wierzbicki, un critère de rupture permettant de rendre compte des observations expérimentales est proposé et comparé à un modèle d'endommagement de Lemaitre. Le critère de rupture proposé est implanté dans deux logiciels de calcul par éléments finis : le logiciel Forge® dédié à la simulation de la mise en forme et le logiciel LS-Dyna® dédié à la simulation de crash. Dans un premier temps, la mise en forme par semi-découpe est simulée avec Forge®. Dans un second temps, les champs de variables d'état sont transportés du maillage résultat obtenu avec Forge®, vers le maillage d'entrée pour LS-Dyna®. Ensuite les calculs de tenue mécanique sont réalisés avec LS-Dyna®. Les résultats de calculs de tenue mécanique sont enfin comparés à des résultats expérimentaux. Ces résultats expérimentaux sont des essais de mise en forme par semi-découpe suivis d'essais d'arrachement qui reproduisent, en laboratoire, les sollicitations observées sur les pièces industrielles.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
14

Ling, Chao. "Simulation de la rupture ductile intragranulaire des aciers irradiés. Effets de l'anisotropie cristalline et du gradient de déformations." Thesis, Paris Sciences et Lettres (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PSLEM018/document.

Full text
Abstract:
L'irradiation peut modifier les propriétés mécaniques des aciers inoxydables austénitiques. Une diminution de la ténacité à la rupture des aciers en fonction de la dose est observée. La rupture ductile due à la croissance et la coalescence des cavités est toujours un mécanisme dominant dans les aciers irradiés jusqu'à 10 dpa. Des cavités peuvent être crées de manière différente : nucléées à partir des inclusions ou des précipités d'irradiation, ou créées directement par irradiation. Cette thèse a pour objectif d'étudier la rupture ductile des aciers irradiés due à la croissance et la coalescence des cavités intragranulaires. Basée sur la plasticité cristalline, des simulations en éléments finis sont effectuées sur les cellules unitaires pour étudier l'effet de l'orientation cristallographique et de la triaxialité de contraintes sur la croissance et la coalescence des cavités. L'effet de l'écrouissage post-irradiation sur la croissance et la coalescence des cavités est étudié avec un modèle de la plasticité cristalline prenant compte des défauts d'irradiation. En outre, un modèle élastomère-visco-plastique en grandes transformations est proposé pour décrire la croissance des cavités dans le monocristal. Le modèle est appliqué à la simulation de l'endommagement ductile dans le monocristal et le polycristal. Des cavités peuvent avoir des tailles différentes et la taille peut avoir une influence sur la ténacité à la rupture des aciers. Afin d'étudier cet effet, un modèle micromorphe de plasticité cristalline est proposé et appliqué à la simulation de la croissance et la coalescence des cavités intragranulaires de différentes tailles ainsi qu'aux phénomènes de localisation dans les monocristaux
Irradiation causes drastic modifications of mechanical properties of austenitic stainless steels and a decrease in the fracture toughness with irradiation has been observed. Ductile fracture due to void growth and coalescence remains one dominant fracture mechanism for doses in the range of 0-10 dupa. Voids may have different origins : nucleated at inclusions or irradiation-induced precipitates during mechanical loading, or produced directly by irradiation. The present work is to investigate ductile fracture of irradiated steels due to growth and coalescence of intragranulaire voids. Based on continuum crystal plasticity theory, FE simulations are performed on unit cells for studying effects of lattice orientation and stress triaxiality on void growth and coalescence. The influence of post-irradiation hardening/softening on void growth ans coalescence is evaluated with a physically based crystal plasticity model. Besides, an elastoviscoplastic model at finite strains is proposed to describe void growth up to coalescence in single crystals, and is assessed based unit cell simulations. The model is then applied to simulate ductile damage in single crystals ans polycrystals. As voids in irradiated steels may have different origins, they may have different sizes, which potentially have an influence on ductile fracture process and fracture toughness of irradiated steels. In order to assess the size effect, a micromorphic crystal plasticity model is proposed and applied to simulate growth and coalescence of intragranular voids of different sizes
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
15

Kahziz, Mouhcine. "Étude expérimentale et numérique des mécanismes d'endommagement ductile et rupture des bords découpés des aciers avancés pour l'automobile." Thesis, Paris, ENMP, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENMP0051/document.

Full text
Abstract:
La performance mécanique des pièces de structures automobiles fabriquées à partir de tôles d'acier à très haute résistance (THR) est souvent réduite à cause des bords découpés. Ce phénomène a été étudié pour deux nuances d'aciers ferrite-bainite (FB600) et ferrite-martensite (DP600), ce dernier présente un écrouissage et un gradient de dureté entre les phases plus élevés que ceux de la nuance FB600. Les micromécanismes d'endommagement de ces matériaux de base ont été caractérisés en utilisant les techniques de tomographie in situ et MEB in situ. Pour l'acier DP600, la germination de cavités a eu lieu sur les inclusions et aux interfaces ferrite-martensite. De plus, des cavités sous forme d'aiguille ont été observées dans la zone centrale correspondant à la ligne de ségrégation. Les mêmes mécanismes de germination ont été observés dans le cas de l'acier FB en plus de la germination aux interfaces des carbures qui a eu lieu à des déformations élevées. L'analyse d'image a montré que l'acier DP présente une densité initiale de cavités et une densité de cavités germées plus élevées que celles de l'acier FB qui semblait plus tolérant à l'endommagement. Des bords poinçonnés et usinés des nuances DP et FB ont été caractérisés par laminographie in situ lors d'un chargement mécanique. Pour les bords poinçonnés, ces observations ont permis de constater que la zone rompue est rugueuse et qu'un micro-endommagement sous forme d'aiguille initié sur la surface et dans le volume suit les lignes d'écoulement. Lors du chargement mécanique, les cavités sous forme d'aiguilles croissent à partir de la zone rompue et coalescent avec la zone cisaillée. En revanche, pour les bords usinés, l'endommagement s'initie loin de la surface de bords (~800 microns). Une analyse des données 3D a été réalisée pour quantifier l'état initial de l'endommagement et son évolution. L'acier FB600 a été plus résistant aux bords découpés que l'acier DP600. Des simulations 3D par éléments finis ont été menées pour étudier les champs mécaniques potentiellement affectés par le profil du bord découpé et du pré-écrouissage. Cette analyse a permis de conclure que seuls ces paramètres ne modifient pas localement les champs mécaniques. Finalement, des simulations axisymétriques par éléments finis de l'essai d'expansion de trou ont été réalisées pour différentes épaisseurs de tôle en utilisant les critères d'endommagement identifiés sur les résultats expérimentaux de la tomographie in situ
The mechanical properties of automotive structures made of advanced high strength steels (AHSS) is often seen reduced by the presence of cut edges. Here this phenomenon is investigated for ferrite-bainite steel (FB600) and martensite ferrite steel (DP600), the latter having higher work hardening and phase hardness gradient than FB600.Damage micromechanisms for these two base materials were assessed using in situ synchrotron tomography, in situ SEM and SEM on cross sections. It was revealed for the DP600 steel that damage nucleated from particles and ferrite-martensite interfaces. In addition, needle shaped voids, that are consistent with the presence of segregation lines, were seen. For the FB steel, the same observations hold true except that the decohesion on interfaces sets in at higher strains. Quantitative image analysis also showed that the initial number of voids and the number of nucleating voids was higher for DP steel than for FB steel which was also seen to be more damage tolerant.Punched and machined edges made of DP600 and FB600 steel were mechanically loaded during in situ laminography testing. It was found that the fracture zone of the punched edge was rough and that needle-shape voids at the surface and in the bulk followed material flow lines. During mechanical in situ testing the needle voids grew from the fracture zone surface and coalesced with the sheared zone. In contrast, for the machined edge the damage started away from the edge (~ 800 microns) where substantial necking has occurred. Three-dimensional image analysis was performed to quantify the initial damage and its evolution. The FB600 was more resistant to cut edges than the DP600 steel.3D elasto-plastic FE calculations were carried out to investigate mechanical fields, potentially affected by the edge profile and pre-hardening profile. These parameters were not found to substantially modify the mechanical fields. Finally, axisymmetric 2D simulations for hole expansion were carried out for different sheet thicknesses using a post-treated damage evaluation calibrated on in-situ tomography data
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
16

Do, Xuan Nam. "Localized failure in dynamics for brittle and ductile materials." Thesis, Compiègne, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017COMP2356.

Full text
Abstract:
La défaillance des matériaux et structures d'ingénierie peut être considéré comme le résultat d'une interaction complexe entre différents phénomènes physiques tels que la nucléation des cavités, les microfissures, les microvides et d'autres processus irréversibles. Ces micro-défauts se fondent éventuellement en une ou plusieurs macro-fissures conduisant à une diminution de la capacité portante et finalement à une défaillance de la structure considérée. La prévention des défaillances des structures et des composants structurels a toujours été un sujet important et une préoccupation majeure en ingénierie. Cette thèse vise à représenter une défaillance localisée dans des matériaux non linéaires sans dépendance de maillage. Un intérêt particulier sera le cas de l’adoucissement dynamique des déformations. Les phénomènes localisés sont pris en compte en utilisant l'approche des discontinuités embarquées fortes dans laquelle le champ de déplacement est amélioré pour capturer la discontinuité. Sur la base de cette approche, on a d'abord développé un modèle unidimensionnel de barres élasto-plastique capable de représenter une défaillance pour des matériaux ductiles avec un durcissement combiné dans une zone de processus de fracture FPZ et un adoucissement avec des discontinuités fortes encastrées. Les résultats comparant le modèle unidimensionnel proposé aux travaux (semi-) analytiques sont présentés. Il a été démontré que la stratégie proposée offre des solutions indépendantes de maillage. La déformation augmente dans le domaine de l’adoucissement avec une diminution simultanée de la contrainte. Le problème se décharge élastiquement à l'extérieur de la zone d’adoucissement de déformation. L'énergie dissipée se trouve à disparaître. Le modèle a également été comparé à un modèle de dommage unidimensionnel capable de représenter la fracture dynamique de la barre d'endommagementélasto-endommagée dans la zone de traitement de fracture - FPZ et de adoucissement avec de discontinuités fortes encastrées pour trouver un bon accord entre deux modèles. Un modèle d'éléments finis bidimensionnel a été développé, capable de décrire à la fois le mécanisme de dommage diffus accompagné d'un durcissement initial et d'une réponse d’adoucissement ultérieure de la structure. On a analysé les résultats de plusieurs simulations numériques effectuées sur des essais mécaniques classiques sous des charges progressivement croissantes telles que le test Brésilien ou le test de flexion en trois points. Le cadre de dynamique proposé est montré pour augmenter la robustesse de calcul. On a constaté que la direction finale des macro-fissures est assez bien prédite et que l'influence des effets d'inertie sur les solutions obtenues est assez modeste notamment en comparaison entre différentes mailles. Ce modèle bidimensionnel a été étendu plus loin dans le modèle bidimensionnel de discontinuité intégrée en viscodamage pour aider à explorer brièvement la mise en œuvre du schéma de point intermédiaire de second ordre qui peut fournir des résultats améliorés sous limitation de la régularisation visqueuse du modèle de dégâts localisés
Failure of engineering materials and structures can be considered as a result of a complex interplay between different physical phenomena such as nucleation of cavities, microcracks,microvoids and other irreversible processes. These micro-defects eventually coalesce into one or more macro-cracks leading to a decrease in the load-bearing capability and finally, to failure of the structure under consideration. Prevention of failure of structures and structural parts has always been a critical subject and a major concern in engineering. This thesis aims to represent localized failure in non linear materials without mesh dependency. Of special interest will be the case of dynamic strain-softening. Localized phenomena are taken into account by using the embedded strong discontinuities approach in which the displacement field is enhanced to capture the discontinuity. Based upon this approach, a one-dimensional model for elasto-plastic bar capable of representing failure for ductile materials with combined hardening in FPZ-fracture process zone and softening with embedded strong discontinuities was first developed. Results comparing the proposed one-dimensional model to (semi-) analytical works are presented. It was shown that the proposed strategy provides mesh independent solutions. Strain increases in the softening domain with a simultaneous decrease of stress. The problem unloads elastically outside the strain softening region. The strain energy is found to vanish. The model was also compared with a one dimensional damage model capable of representing the dynamic fracture for elasto-damage bar with combined hardening in fracture process zone - FPZ and softening with strong embedded discontinuities to find a good agreement between two models. A two-dimensional finite element model was developed, capable of describing both the diffuse damage mechanism accompanied by initial strain hardening and subsequent softening response of the structure. The results of several numerical simulations, performed on classical mechanical tests under slowly increasing loads such as Brazilian test or three-point bending test were analyzed. The proposed dynamics framework is shown to increase computational robustness. It was found that the final direction of macro-cracks is predicted quite well and that influence of inertia effects on the obtained solutions is fairly modest especially in comparison among different meshes. This two-dimensional model was expanded further into the two dimensional continuum viscodamage-embedded discontinuity model to help briefly explore the implementation of the second order mid-point scheme that can provide improved results under limitation of viscous regularization of localized failure damage model
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
17

Novella, Michele Francesco. "Hot bulk damage modelling of precipitation hardened AA6082 aluminium alloy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424124.

Full text
Abstract:
Among the bulk metal forming processes hot forging is often the only option if large reductions of the forging load are required or if the material formability needs to be significantly increased or even if specific thermally-induced microstructural changes are needed to take place during the deformation process. Moreover it still retains at some extent the positive features of the cold forging processes: high production rates, complex final shapes attainable and little to no material waste. Hot forging is therefore used for the production of large parts, with complex shapes and especially when using materials characterized by low formability and high toughness at room temperature or if particular microstructural characteristics are required. It is worth to be underlined that these are often the features of the innovative metal alloys that have been increasingly being used in the last decade and namely: Mg alloys, Al alloys, Ti alloys and superalloys. Finite Element metal forming numerical simulation has become an increasingly important process optimization tool, due to the growing computational power available at reduced costs, which spread it in the industrial world. Its use allows reducing process design time and prototyping costs as well as long and expensive plant downtimes for process variable tuning. For all these reasons hot forging has become a strategic process and its accurate numerical simulation is encountering great industrial interest. One of its main targets is the determination of the maximum strain that the material can undergo during the deformation process, since it is strictly related with both the final shape and the surface quality of the manufactured part. In this sense hot formability modelling provides a meaningful example of a topic which is both of great scientific and industrial interest. From the scientific point of view ductile damage modelling has been developed at first for cold processes, for which crack formation is usually a major issue. Last decade research efforts focused on the development of more advanced fracture criteria, keeping into account a complete characterization of the stress state dependency of formability. However the complex analytical formulation of these criteria and their expensive experimental calibration kept them de facto away from practical industrial use. On the other hand hot formability modelling was traditionally addressed by direct application of the conventional cold fracture criteria, under the implicit assumption of isothermal conditions. This approach has evident limits since it does not account for temperature influence on material formability and it does not even provide any physical insight on the different fracture mechanisms that can develop as temperature changes. In recent years some research efforts have been performed on a deeper investigation upon this point: experimental formability campaigns on different metal alloys were carried out in order to assess the temperature and strain rate influence, while some analytical models were proposed in order to describe the damage evolution at high temperature and in particular the onset of the so-called “hot shortness”. However these models are still quite simple and can describe only a limited variety of formability trends, losing in accuracy once complex microstructural phenomena take place. Moreover their validation has been done with simple laboratory tests and not with real processes industrial trials in which non-uniform thermo-mechanical conditions are present and the material can evolve through fracture mode-changing regimes. The objective of this work is the elaboration of a novel approach to hot ductile fracture modelling, capable to represent accurately the formability evolution of a metal alloy as a function of both the main thermo-mechanical variables and its physical and microstructural characteristics, yet providing a tool simple enough to be of industrial utility. To this aim the hot cross wedge rolling of a precipitation hardened aluminium alloy was taken as industrial reference case, since it is an innovative and non-standard forging process which entails variable and non-homogeneous thermo-mechanical conditions. The study case is of remarkable interest since it has a narrow process temperature window, being limited at the top by Mannesmann-type axial cracking onset and at the bottom by unwanted grain coarsening. Moreover the metal alloy used, the AA6082-T6, has the microstructural features, namely the intermetallic precipitates, that make it a good example of a metal alloy of wide industrial use, that during forming can undergo complex microstructural changes. A hot tensile test campaign was performed on a wide range of thermo-mechanical conditions and the results highlighted an unexpected negative strain rate influence on formability. Fractographic and micro-chemical analysis were then performed in order to assess the microstructural reasons of this behaviour and finally two approaches to the material formability modelling were proposed and calibrated extending to hot conditions the classic Oyane-Sato fracture criterion. The first one consists on the empirical calibration of the criterion by means of a bi-linear interpolation of the experimental data, while the second one entails a physically-based analytical formulation of the material fracture locus, which has also the advantage of being of easier calibration. These models were then validated on the cross wedge rolling process simulation by comparison with the industrial trials results and the outcomes were critically assessed.
Tra i processi di formatura massivi di materiali metallici, la forgiatura a caldo è spesso l'unica opzione nei casi in cui siano richieste forti riduzioni del carico di forgiatura o se la formabilità del materiale deve essere notevolmente aumentata o anche se risulta necessario ottenere durante il processo di deformazione determinate modifiche microstrutturali indotte termicamente. Inoltre essa conserva ancora in certa misura le caratteristiche positive dei processi di forgiatura a freddo: alta produttività, possibilità di realizzare forme finali complesse e scarto di materiale ridotto o inesistente. La forgiatura a caldo viene quindi utilizzata per la produzione di pezzi di grandi dimensioni, di forma complessa e soprattutto quando si utilizzano materiali caratterizzati da bassa formabilità ed elevata tenacità o se particolari caratteristiche microstrutturali sono richieste. Vale la pena di sottolineare che queste sono spesso le caratteristiche delle leghe metalliche innovative che sono state sempre più utilizzate negli ultimi dieci anni e precisamente: leghe di magnesio, alluminio, titanio e superleghe. La simulazione numerica agli Elementi Finiti di processi di formatura di materiali metallici è diventata nell’ultimo decennio uno strumento sempre più importante per l’ottimizzazione di processo, grazie alla maggiore potenza di calcolo disponibile a costi ridotti, che ha permesso la sua diffusione nel mondo industriale. Il suo utilizzo permette di ridurre i tempi di progettazione del processo ed i costi di prototipazione ed anche lunghi e costosi tempi di fermo impianto per la taratura delle variabili di processo. Per tutti questi motivi la forgiatura a caldo è diventata un processo strategico e la sua accurata simulazione numerica incontra grande interesse industriale. Uno dei suoi obiettivi principali è la determinazione della massima deformazione che il materiale può subire durante il processo deformativo, dal momento che essa è strettamente legata sia con la forma finale che con la qualità superficiale del componente prodotto. In questo senso la modellazione della formabilità a caldo fornisce un esempio significativo di un argomento che è al tempo stesso di grande interesse scientifico e industriale. Dal punto di vista scientifico la modellazione del danneggiamento duttile dei materiali è stata originariamente sviluppata per le lavorazioni a freddo, per cui la possibile formazione di cricche è un problema di maggior rilievo. Gli sforzi di ricerca nell'ultimo decennio si sono concentrati sullo sviluppo di criteri di frattura più avanzati, che hanno permesso la caratterizzazione completa dell’influenza dello stato tensionale sulla formabilità. Tuttavia la complessa formulazione analitica di questi criteri e la loro costosa calibrazione sperimentale ne hanno di fatto impedito la diffusione in ambito industriale. D'altra parte la modellazione della formabilità a caldo è stata tradizionalmente affrontata tramite la diretta applicazione dei convenzionali criteri di frattura a freddo, sotto l'ipotesi implicita di condizioni isoterme. Questo approccio presenta evidenti limiti, in quanto non tiene conto dell'influenza della temperatura sulla formabilità del materiale, né permette di intuire il senso fisico dei diversi meccanismi di frattura che possono svilupparsi al variare della temperatura. Negli ultimi anni alcuni sforzi si sono fatti per approfondire quest’ultimo punto: campagne sperimentali di formabilità su diverse leghe metalliche sono state eseguite per valutare l'influenza della temperatura e della velocità di deformazione, mentre alcuni modelli analitici sono stati proposti per descrivere l’evoluzione del danneggiamento ad alte temperature ed in particolare l’insorgere della "fragilità a caldo". Tuttavia questi modelli sono ancora abbastanza semplici e possono descrivere solo una varietà limitata di comportamenti del materiale, perdendo in precisione nel caso avvengano fenomeni microstrutturali complessi. Inoltre la loro validazione è stata effettuata con semplici test di laboratorio e non su reali processi industriali in cui si sviluppano condizioni termo-meccaniche non uniformi e il materiale può evolvere attraverso regimi in cui i meccanismi di frattura sono variabili. L'obiettivo di questo lavoro è l'elaborazione di un nuovo approccio alla modellazione della frattura duttile a caldo, in grado di rappresentare accuratamente l'evoluzione della formabilità di una lega metallica come funzione sia delle principali variabili termo-meccaniche che delle sue caratteristiche fisiche e microstrutturali, restando al contempo uno strumento sufficientemente semplice da essere di utilità industriale. Per questo scopo è stata presa come caso di riferimento industriale la rullatura trasversale a caldo di una lega di alluminio indurita per precipitazione, dal momento che si tratta di un processo di forgiatura non convenzionale ed innovativo e che comporta condizioni termo-meccaniche variabili e non omogenee. Il caso di studio è di notevole interesse poiché è caratterizzato da una stretta finestra di temperatura di processo, limitata superiormente dall’insorgenza di criccatura assiale per effetto Mannesmann ed inferiormente da un indesiderato ingrossamento della grana cristallina. Inoltre, la lega metallica utilizzata, l'AA6082-T6, ha delle caratteristiche microstrutturali, vale a dire i precipitati intermetallici, che lo rendono un buon esempio di una lega metallica di largo uso industriale, che durante la formatura può subire variazioni microstrutturali complesse. Una campagna di prove di trazione a caldo è stata eseguita su un ampio spettro di condizioni termo-meccaniche ed i risultati hanno evidenziato un’inattesa influenza negativa della velocità di deformazione sulla formabilità. Analisi frattografiche e micro-chimiche sono quindi state eseguite al fine di valutare le ragioni microstrutturali di questo comportamento ed infine due approcci alla modellazione della formabilità della lega sono stati proposti e calibrati estendendo alle alte temperature il classico criterio di frattura di Oyane-Sato. Il primo consiste nella calibrazione empirica del criterio mediante interpolazione bi-lineare dei dati sperimentali, mentre il secondo si basa su una formulazione analitica physically-based del fracture locus del materiale, che ha anche il vantaggio di essere di più facile calibrazione. I modelli sono stati poi validati sulla simulazione del processo di rullatura trasversale comparandone i risultati con quelli delle prove industriali e valutandoli in modo critico.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
18

Nguyen, Thai Ha. "Prédiction de la non-rupture fragile dans un joint soudé en acier C-Mn dans le domaine de la transition fragile/ductile." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Lille, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578811.

Full text
Abstract:
Ce travail de thèse s'inscrit dans le contexte de la sûreté nucléaire, et plus précisément, de l'intégrité des circuits secondaires des Réacteurs à eau pressurisée (REP). L'étude porte donc sur le comportement à rupture de structures minces soudées dans le domaine haut de la transition fragile/ductile. Elle a pour objectif de développer le modèle en contrainte seuil initialement développé par Chapuliot, qui permet de prédire la non-rupture par clivage de cette structure soudée. Le modèle est identifié pour la soudure de l'acier au C-Mn de construction nucléaire, en s'intéressant plus particulièrement à la limite supérieure du domaine de transition.Une contrainte seuil, en-dessous de laquelle le clivage ne peut avoir lieu, est identifiée à partir d'essais de traction à basses températures sur éprouvettes axisymétriques entaillées prélevées dans le joint soudé. Cette contrainte seuil permet de définir le volume seuil, ou volume dans lequel les contraintes principales maximales dépassent la contrainte seuil au cours de l'essai.L'analyse au MEB des faciès des éprouvettes rompues montre que la zone fondue brute de solidification dans la ZAT est la zone la plus susceptible de cliver. La relation entre la probabilité de rupture fragile et le volume seuil dans cette zone est établie via une fonction de sensibilité, grâce à des essais sur éprouvettes CT et à leur simulation multi-matériaux. Le modèle ainsi identifié est testé pour prévoir la non rupture par clivage d'éprouvettes SENT prélevées dans le joint soudé et sollicitées en traction. Les résultats obtenus sont encourageants relativement à la transférabilité du modèle à la structure réelle
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
19

Barbier, Damien. "Étude de la sensibilité aux gradients thermiques de billettes lors des opérations de réchauffage." Thesis, Valenciennes, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013VALE0040/document.

Full text
Abstract:
Dans le cadre des opérations de perçage, les billettes en acier subissent un réchauffage de la température ambiante à une température d’environ 1250°C. Au cours de ce réchauffage, le gradient de température dans les billettes entraîne la détérioration de la santé axiale de celles-ci et est à l’origine de l’apparition de défauts sur le tube formé. Une méthodologie d’analyse des mécanismes à l’origine de ces défauts a été mise en place. Elle se base sur la caractérisation de la santé axiale par essais rhéologiques permettant d’établir des indicateurs de ductilité et par des examens métallurgiques identifiant les défauts internes.L'étude de la sollicitation thermomécanique induite par le réchauffage du produit est analysée à l’aide de simulations numériques par éléments finis et les zones de sollicitations critiques associées au procédé sont identifiées. La caractérisation des anomalies observées sur les billettes est ensuite faite à partir d’essais de fissuration et de simulations numériques X-FeM. L’implémentation d’un critère de rupture en contrainte dans la simulation du cycle de chauffe a permis de définir les valeurs de gradient thermique limite et les courbes de chauffe optimales. Les analyses montrent que les conditions de chauffe en début de cycle thermique ont une forte influence sur la santé axiale des billettes. Les résultats de ces travaux conduisent à des solutions concrètes pour l’amélioration de la productivité
As part of the piercing operations, billets undergo a reheating process from room temperature to a temperature of about 1250°C. During this heating, the thermal gradient in the billet leads to a deterioration of the axial health and is responsible of the initiation ofdefects on the formed tube.A methodology for the analysis of the mechanisms at the origin of these defects has been established. It is based on first, the characterization of the axial health with hot rheological tests to establish some indicators of ductility and second, on metallurgical analyses to identify the internal defects.Then finite element simulations have been performed to study the thermo-mechanical loadings induced by heating. Critical solicitation zones of the product during the processes have been identified.Finally a characterization of the observed defects into the billets has been led coupling cracks growth tests and X-FeM numerical simulations. The implementation of the experimental stress failure criterion, in the simulation of the heating cycle allows to obtain good values of thermal gradient boundary curves and leads to optimal heating curves.The analysis shows that the conditions at the beginning of the reheating process have a strong influence on the axial health of the billets. The results of these studies lead to friendly industrial solutions for improving productivity
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
20

Liu, Jian. "Experimental study and modeling of mechanical micro-machining of particle reinforced heterogeneous materials." Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5408.

Full text
Abstract:
This study focuses on developing explicit analytical and numerical process models for mechanical micro-machining of heterogeneous materials. These models are used to select suitable process parameters for preparing and micro-machining of these advanced materials. The material system studied in this research is Magnesium Metal Matrix Composites (Mg-MMCs) reinforced with nano-sized and micro-sized silicon carbide (SiC) particles. This research is motivated by increasing demands of miniaturized components with high mechanical performance in various industries. Mg-MMCs become one of the best candidates due to its light weight, high strength, and high creep/wear resistance. However, the improved strength and abrasive nature of the reinforcements bring great challenges for the subsequent micro-machining process. Systematic experimental investigations on the machinability of Mg-MMCs reinforced with SiC nano-particles have been conducted. The nanocomposites containing 5 Vol.%, 10 Vol.% and 15 Vol.% reinforcements, as well as pure magnesium, are studied by using the Design of Experiment (DOE) method. Cutting forces, surface morphology and surface roughness are characterized to understand the machinability of the four materials. Based on response surface methodology (RSM) design, experimental models and related contour plots have been developed to build a connection between different materials properties and cutting parameters. Those models can be used to predict the cutting force, the surface roughness, and then optimize the machining process. An analytical cutting force model has been developed to predict cutting forces of Mg-MMCs reinforced with nano-sized SiC particles in the micro-milling process. This model is different from previous ones by encompassing the behaviors of reinforcement nanoparticles in three cutting scenarios, i.e., shearing, ploughing and elastic recovery. By using the enhanced yield strength in the cutting force model, three major strengthening factors are incorporated, including load-bearing effect, enhanced dislocation density strengthening effect and Orowan strengthening effect. In this way, the particle size and volume fraction, as significant factors affecting the cutting forces, are explicitly considered. In order to validate the model, various cutting conditions using different size end mills (100 &"181;m and 1 mm dia.) have been conducted on Mg-MMCs with volume fraction from 0 (pure magnesium) to 15 Vol.%. The simulated cutting forces show a good agreement with the experimental data. The proposed model can predict the major force amplitude variations and force profile changes as functions of the nanoparticles' volume fraction. Next, a systematic evaluation of six ductile fracture models has been conducted to identify the most suitable fracture criterion for micro-scale cutting simulations. The evaluated fracture models include constant fracture strain, Johnson-Cook, Johnson-Cook coupling criterion, Wilkins, modified Cockcroft-Latham, and Bao-Wierzbicki fracture criterion. By means of a user material subroutine (VUMAT), these fracture models are implemented into a Finite Element (FE) orthogonal cutting model in ABAQUS/Explicit platform. The local parameters (stress, strain, fracture factor, velocity fields) and global variables (chip morphology, cutting forces, temperature, shear angle, and machined surface integrity) are evaluated. Results indicate that by coupling with the damage evolution, the capability of Johnson-Cook and Bao-Wierzbicki can be further extended to predict accurate chip morphology. Bao-Wierzbiki-based coupling model provides the best simulation results in this study. The micro-cutting performance of MMCs materials has also been studied by using FE modeling method. A 2-D FE micro-cutting model has been constructed. Firstly, homogenized material properties are employed to evaluate the effect of particles' volume fraction. Secondly, micro-structures of the two-phase material are modeled in FE cutting models. The effects of the existing micro-sized and nano-sized ceramic particles on micro-cutting performance are carefully evaluated in two case studies. Results show that by using the homogenized material properties based on Johnson-Cook plasticity and fracture model with damage evolution, the micro-cutting performance of nano-reinforced Mg-MMCs can be predicted. Crack generation for SiC particle reinforced MMCs is different from their homogeneous counterparts; the effect of micro-sized particles is different from the one of nano-sized particles. In summary, through this research, a better understanding of the unique cutting mechanism for particle reinforced heterogeneous materials has been obtained. The effect of reinforcements on micro-cutting performance is obtained, which will help material engineers tailor suitable material properties for special mechanical design, associated manufacturing method and application needs. Moreover, the proposed analytical and numerical models provide a guideline to optimize process parameters for preparing and micro-machining of heterogeneous MMCs materials. This will eventually facilitate the automation of MMCs' machining process and realize high-efficiency, high-quality, and low-cost manufacturing of composite materials.
Ph.D.
Doctorate
Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
21

Caisso, Camille. "Caractérisation et modélisation de la rupture dans le domaine de la transition ductile-fragile de matériaux tubulaires utilisés dans la fabrication de générateurs de gaz pour airbags." Thesis, Brest, École nationale supérieure de techniques avancées Bretagne, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021ENTA0014.

Full text
Abstract:
Ce travail porte sur la caractérisation des mécanismes de rupture, ductile et fragile, de matériaux tubulaires utilisés pour la fabrication de générateurs de gaz pour airbag. Lors d’un accident, le coussin d’un airbag est gonflé en quelques millisecondes par un générateur de gaz. En cas de défaillance de ce dernier, un mode de rupture ductile doit être assuré jusqu’à des températures de -60°C. Un essai Charpy sur éprouvette anneau a été proposé pour quantifier le risque de rupture fragile des matériaux des générateurs de gaz. Cependant, cette modification de l’essai Charpy soulève deux problématiques : dans quelle mesure cet essai permet de caractériser la transition ductile-fragile et comment déduire le risque de rupture fragile d’un générateur de gaz en fonctionnement à partir des résultats des essais Charpy ? Pour répondre à ces questions, une approche combinant essais et simulations numériques a été mise en place. Différents essais ont été développés afin de caractériser le comportement et l’endommagement ductile du matériau de l’étude. Une approche locale de la rupture ductile a été adoptée pour la modélisation. Ensuite, une campagne d’essais Charpy sur anneau effectuée pour des températures comprises entre -160°C et 23°C a permis de caractériser la transition ductile-fragile. Une étude numérique de cet essai a été menée puis couplées aux essais Charpy, cela a permis de mettre en place une modélisation de la rupture fragile. Le risque de rupture fragile des éléments structuraux de générateurs de gaz est enfin évalué. L’influence du procédé de fabrication sur le risque de rupture fragile a aussi été étudiée
This work deals with the characterization of the ductile and brittle failure mechanisms of tubular materials used for the manufacture of airbag gas generators. During a crash, airbag cushion is inflated in a few milliseconds by a gas generator. In case of gas generator failure, a ductile failure mode must be ensured up to temperatures of -60°C. A Charpy ring test has been proposed to quantify the risk of brittle failure of gas generator materials. However, this modification of the Charpy test raises two issues: to what extent does this test allow to characterize the ductile-fragile transition and how can the risk of brittle failure of an operating gas generator be deduced from the results of the Charpy test? To answer these questions, an approach combining experiments and numerical simulations was implemented. Various experimental configurations were developed in order to characterize material behavior and ductile damage. The ductile failure is modeled with a local approach. Then, ductile to brittle transition was characterized by a Charpy ring test campaign performed for temperatures between -160°C and 23°C. A numerical study of this test was carried out. Coupled with the Charpy tests, it allowed to set up a model of the brittle failure. The risk of gas generators brittle failure is finally evaluated. The influence of the manufacturing process on the risk of brittle failure was also studied
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
22

Thakare, Amol G. "Numerical Simulations Of Void Growth In Ductile Single Crystals." Thesis, 2008. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/854.

Full text
Abstract:
The failure mechanism in ductile materials involves void nucleation, their growth and subsequent coalescence to form the fracture surface. The voids are generated due to fracture or debonding of second phase particles or at slip band intersections. The triaxial stress field prevailing around a crack tip and in the necking region strongly influences the growth of these voids. In the initial stages of deformation, these microscale voids are often sufficiently small so that they exist entirely within a single grain of a polycrystalline material. Further, single crystals are used in high technology applications like turbine blades. This motivates the need to study void growth in a single crystal while investigating ductile fracture. Thus, the objectives of this work are to analyze the interaction between a notch tip and void as well as the growth and coalescence of a periodic array of voids under different states of stress in ductile FCC single crystals. First, the growth of a cylindrical void ahead of a notch tip in ductile FCC single crystals is studied. To this end, 2D plane strain finite element simulations are carried out under mode I, small scale yielding conditions, neglecting elastic anisotropy. In most of these computations, the orientation of the FCC single crystal is chosen so that notch lies in the (010) plane, with notch front along the [101] direction and potential crack growth along [101]. This orientation has been frequently observed in experimental studies on fracture of FCC single crystals. Three equivalent slip systems are considered which are deduced by combining three pairs of 3D conjugate slip systems producing only in-plane deformation. Attention is focused on the effects of crystal hardening, ratio of void diameter to spacing from the notch on plastic flow localization in the ligament connecting the notch and the void as well as their growth. The results show strong interaction between slip shear bands emanating from the notch and angular sectors of single slip forming around the void leading to intense plastic strain development in the ligament. However, the ductile fracture processes are retarded by increase in hardening of the single crystal and decrease in ratio of void diameter to spacing from the notch. In order to examine the effect of crystal orientation, computations are performed with an orientation wherein the three effective slip systems are rotated about the normal to the plane of deformation. A strong influence of crystal orientation on near-tip void growth and plastic slip band development is observed. Further, in order to study the synergistic, cooperative growth of multiple voids ahead of the notchtip, an analysis is performed by considering a series of voids located ahead of the tip. It is found that enhanced void growth occurs at higher load levels as compared to the single void model. Next, the growth and coalescence of a periodic array of cylindrical voids in a FCC single crystal is analyzed under different stress states by employing a 2D plane strain, unit cell approach. The orientation of the crystal studied here considers [101] and [010] crystal directions along the minor and major principal stress directions, respectively. Three equivalent slip systems, similar to those in the notch and void simulations are taken into account. Fringe contours of plastic slip and evolution of macroscopic hydrostatic stress and void volume fraction are examined. A criterion for unstable void growth which leads to onset of void coalescence is established. The effects of various stress triaxialities, initial void volume fraction and hardening on void growth and coalescence is assessed. It is observed that plastic slip activity around the void intensifies with increase in stress triaxiality. The macroscopic hydrostatic stress increases with deformation, reaches a peak value and subsequently decreases rapidly. An increase in stress triaxiality enhances the macroscopic hydrostatic stress sustained by the unit cell and promotes void coalescence. The stress triaxiality also has a profound effect on the shape of the void profile. The values of critical void volume fraction and critical strain, which mark onset of void coalescence, decrease within crease in stress triaxiality. However, the onset of void coalescence is delayed by increase in hardening and decrease initial void volume fraction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
23

Thakare, Amol G. "Numerical Simulations Of Void Growth In Ductile Single Crystals." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/854.

Full text
Abstract:
The failure mechanism in ductile materials involves void nucleation, their growth and subsequent coalescence to form the fracture surface. The voids are generated due to fracture or debonding of second phase particles or at slip band intersections. The triaxial stress field prevailing around a crack tip and in the necking region strongly influences the growth of these voids. In the initial stages of deformation, these microscale voids are often sufficiently small so that they exist entirely within a single grain of a polycrystalline material. Further, single crystals are used in high technology applications like turbine blades. This motivates the need to study void growth in a single crystal while investigating ductile fracture. Thus, the objectives of this work are to analyze the interaction between a notch tip and void as well as the growth and coalescence of a periodic array of voids under different states of stress in ductile FCC single crystals. First, the growth of a cylindrical void ahead of a notch tip in ductile FCC single crystals is studied. To this end, 2D plane strain finite element simulations are carried out under mode I, small scale yielding conditions, neglecting elastic anisotropy. In most of these computations, the orientation of the FCC single crystal is chosen so that notch lies in the (010) plane, with notch front along the [101] direction and potential crack growth along [101]. This orientation has been frequently observed in experimental studies on fracture of FCC single crystals. Three equivalent slip systems are considered which are deduced by combining three pairs of 3D conjugate slip systems producing only in-plane deformation. Attention is focused on the effects of crystal hardening, ratio of void diameter to spacing from the notch on plastic flow localization in the ligament connecting the notch and the void as well as their growth. The results show strong interaction between slip shear bands emanating from the notch and angular sectors of single slip forming around the void leading to intense plastic strain development in the ligament. However, the ductile fracture processes are retarded by increase in hardening of the single crystal and decrease in ratio of void diameter to spacing from the notch. In order to examine the effect of crystal orientation, computations are performed with an orientation wherein the three effective slip systems are rotated about the normal to the plane of deformation. A strong influence of crystal orientation on near-tip void growth and plastic slip band development is observed. Further, in order to study the synergistic, cooperative growth of multiple voids ahead of the notchtip, an analysis is performed by considering a series of voids located ahead of the tip. It is found that enhanced void growth occurs at higher load levels as compared to the single void model. Next, the growth and coalescence of a periodic array of cylindrical voids in a FCC single crystal is analyzed under different stress states by employing a 2D plane strain, unit cell approach. The orientation of the crystal studied here considers [101] and [010] crystal directions along the minor and major principal stress directions, respectively. Three equivalent slip systems, similar to those in the notch and void simulations are taken into account. Fringe contours of plastic slip and evolution of macroscopic hydrostatic stress and void volume fraction are examined. A criterion for unstable void growth which leads to onset of void coalescence is established. The effects of various stress triaxialities, initial void volume fraction and hardening on void growth and coalescence is assessed. It is observed that plastic slip activity around the void intensifies with increase in stress triaxiality. The macroscopic hydrostatic stress increases with deformation, reaches a peak value and subsequently decreases rapidly. An increase in stress triaxiality enhances the macroscopic hydrostatic stress sustained by the unit cell and promotes void coalescence. The stress triaxiality also has a profound effect on the shape of the void profile. The values of critical void volume fraction and critical strain, which mark onset of void coalescence, decrease within crease in stress triaxiality. However, the onset of void coalescence is delayed by increase in hardening and decrease initial void volume fraction.
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
24

Basu, Sumit. "Numerical Simulation Of Fracture Initiation In Ductile Solids Under Mode I Dynamic Loading." Thesis, 1999. https://etd.iisc.ac.in/handle/2005/1520.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
25

Basu, Sumit. "Numerical Simulation Of Fracture Initiation In Ductile Solids Under Mode I Dynamic Loading." Thesis, 1999. http://etd.iisc.ernet.in/handle/2005/1520.

Full text
APA, Harvard, Vancouver, ISO, and other styles
We offer discounts on all premium plans for authors whose works are included in thematic literature selections. Contact us to get a unique promo code!

To the bibliography