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1
Natonek-Wiśniewska, Małgorzata, Piotr Krzyścin, and Dominika Rubiś. "Mitochondrial Markers for the Detection of Duck Breeds Using Polymerase Chain Reaction." Genes 12, no. 6 (June 3, 2021): 857. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12060857.
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Species identification of the components of various duck breeds has revealed that the lowest identifiable number of components depends on the breed. The results (shown on the agarose gel) of a species-specific PCR reaction for Rouen ducks were less intense than the results for the same amount of components from other popular duck breeds, suggesting differences in the Rouen duck genome. Therefore, the present study aimed to identify part of the Rouen duck’s gene sequences and to develop two new primer pairs. The first pair enables breed-independent identification of duck DNA, and the second distinguishes Rouen ducks from Chinese and Indian Runner ducks. The sequencing reaction yielded sequences of 1386 bp in length, and the identified sequence differs by around 7% from the sequences of Chinese duck species. The detected sequence contributes to improving species identification methods for duck DNA. On its basis, two primers for the identification of duck DNA were designed. The first allows for DNA amplification with the same sensitivity regardless of duck breed. The second primer’s pair is breed specific, and it distinguishes Rouen ducks from Chinese and Indian Runner ducks. Both methods are very sensitive (0.05%).
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Ismoyowati, Ismoyowati, Diana Indrasanti, Sigit Mugiyono, and Mulyoto Pangestu. "Phytogenic compounds do not interfere physiological parameters and growth performances on two Indonesian local breeds of ducks." November-2019 12, no. 11 (November 2019): 1689–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2019.1689-1697.
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Aim: The present study was to investigate the interaction between duck's breed and phytogenic compounds as feed additives in the diet on blood lipid and hematological profile, welfare, and growth performance. Materials and Methods: A total of 200 male day-old local breed ducks (Tegal and Muscovy ducks) were used in this experiment. The first factor was duck breed and the second factor was different phytogenic compounds supplementation in the diet: Garlic, turmeric, ginger, and kencur, at 3% each. The observed variables were the blood lipid profiles comprise high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein, cholesterol total, triglyceride, blood parameters, welfare (heterophil/ lymphocyte [H/L] ratio), and growth performances (feed consumption, body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, and carcass percentage). Results: The interaction between breed of ducks and phytogenic compounds had a significant effect on blood triglyceride, but no significant effect on the blood lipid profile, hematological parameters, and growth performances. While, phytogenic compounds in the diet had significant effects on the blood lipid profile, heterophil (H), lymphocyte (L), and H/L ratio of ducks. The breed factors affected HDL and growth performances. Muscovy duck had a higher HDL and growth performance compare to Tegal duck. Among those, garlic most effectively reduced triglyceride level in Tegal duck. Conclusion: Phytogenic compounds 3% do not have a negative effect on the physiological parameters of ducks increase ducks welfare (H/L ratio), so it does not affect the growth performances of ducks. Muscovy duck had higher growth performances than Tegal ducks.
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Hidayati, Nuke Nur, Enny Yusuf Wachidah Yuniwarti, and Sri Isdadiyanto. "Perbandingan Kualitas Daging Itik Magelang, Itik Pengging Dan Itik Tegal." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (August 10, 2016): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.56-63.
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Local ducks in Indonesia there was several kinds, for example Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck each having morphology different of duck. Research on the quality meat of ducks that includes ash content, water content, carbohydrate content, fat content, protein content, and muscle cell diameter of femoral ducks important to know quality meat of each duck. This study aimed to analyzed the differences types of ducks on the chemical content of meat and femoral muscle histology of diameter cell at Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging ducks. Ducks were used in this study maintained in the Central Breeding and Raising Ducks Work Unit Non Ruminant Livestock Banyubiru, Ambarawa. The duck six month old was analyzed chemical content of meat and measuring diameter of femoral muscle cells. Duck samples taken from three different types of ducks that Tegal duck,Pengging duck and Magelang duck, of each type of sample taken many ducks as 6 tails. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA). If the data were analyzed contained a real difference, continued by the Least Significant Differences Test (LSDT) at 95% confidence level. The results showed that no significant difference in all variables, from the result has been concluded that differences type of ducks not affect the chemical contents of duck meat and diameter of femoral muscle cells. Keywords: Local Ducks in Central Java, Quality of Meat, Muscle Cell Diameter Femoral Ducks.
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Sukarne, Sukarne, and Muhammad Nursan. "Effectiveness Test of Duck Mie (Innovation of Noodle-shaped Feed) on Peking Duck Productivity." Jurnal Biologi Tropis 22, no. 2 (March 22, 2022): 398–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jbt.v22i2.3429.
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Low feed efficiency is often an obstacle in duck farming business. The morphology of the duck's beak which is only suitable for muddy habitats causes ducks to be often inefficient in consuming feed in the form of mash, crumble or pellet. Thus, duck mie (a noodle-shaped and earthworm-like duck feed) has been innovated which is the natural food for ducks in their natural habitat (rice fields and swamp areas). The main ingredients for making duck mie are cheap and potential local ingredients, such as; golden snail, rice bran, corn flour and cassava flour. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which the provision of duck mie in the ration affects the productivity of Peking ducks. The method used in this study was a completely randomized design (CRD) using 4 treatments with 4 replications, the research material in the form of 80 DOD Peking ducks with treatment aged 1-7 days given 100% formulated feed. Age 8-14 days adapted to 95% formulated feed + 5% Duck Mie. Age 15 – 56 days given feed formulated according to treatment T0 = 100% formulated feed, T1 = 90% formulated feed + 10% Duck Mie, T2 = 80% formulated feed + 20% Duck Mie, and T3 = 70% formulated feed + 30 % Duck Mie. The data obtained then analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), then tested using Duncan's Distance Test. The research parameters were feed intake, average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and feed efficiency. Based on the study, it was found that the provision of duck mie in the ration did not show a significant effect (P<0.05) based on consumption, ADG, efficiency and feed conversion ratio of ducks.
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Wulandari, Desi, Sunarno Sunarno, and Tyas Rini Saraswati. "Perbedaan Somatometri Itik Tegal, Itik Magelang Dan Itik Pengging." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 17, no. 2 (December 21, 2015): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.17.2.94-101.
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Local ducks in Indonesia there are several kinds, for example Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck each having characteristics different somatometri. Research on somatometri ducks that includes body weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length, and long-neck ducks important to know somatometri of each duck. This study aimed to analyze the differences somatometri at Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks and Pengging duck, which includes weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length, and a long neck. Ducks were used in this study maintained in the Central Breeding and Raising Ducks Work Unit Non Ruminant Livestock Banyubiru, Ambarawa. The study was conducted by measuring somatometri of each six monthold ducks. Duck samples taken from three different types of ducks that Tegal duck, Pengging duck and Magelang duck, of each type of sample taken many ducks as 6 tails. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with the differentiating factor is the type of duck. If the data were analyzed contained a real difference, then do a further test using the test Least Significant Differences (LSD) at 95% confidence level. The results showed that there was no significant difference in all parameters of the study. Conclusion of the study three types of ducks will have somatometri not unlike that includes, weight, leg length, beak length, wing length, body length and the length of the neck. It was because give feed and feed same time. Keywords: Local Ducks in Central Java, Somatometri, Tegal ducks, Magelang ducks, Pengging duck
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Wibowo, Sarwo Edi, Muhammad Anwar Djaelani, and Hermin Pancasakti Kusumaningrum. "Pelacakan Gen Sitokrom Oksidase Sub Unit I (COI) DNA Mitokondria Itik Tegal (Anas domesticus) Menggunakan Primer Universal." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 15, no. 1 (June 11, 2013): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.15.1.20-26.
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Currently local ducks are generally quite difficult to find in a big farm in Inonesia, including Tegal ducks. Tegal ducks is one of the genetic resources native to Indonesia with it’s advantages in terms of high and large egg production. Conservation and development of local ducks have strived to maintain our existence of Indonesian livestock germplasm. If such information is not superior to native species exist, the opportunity to increase his lead further also getting smaller. Tracking the mitochondrial COI gene DNA of Tegal ducks may underlie the process of an organism's genetic characterization. Information about Tegal duck mitochondrial DNA has not been done. The information obtained can be used for optimization of duck products native to Indonesia both in physiological aspects, phylogeny and genetic engineering. The research method used in this research is tracking COI gene data from Gen Bank with the programs Clustal X and Genedoc. Tracking then continued using universal primers HCO and LCO. The results of the data followed up with the isolation and amplification of COI gene mitochondrial DNA as well as the optimization of PCR conditions. The results showed mitochondrial DNA COI gene Tegal ducks were amplified with primer LCO obtain DNA fragments of length less than 250 bp. Kata kunci: duck’s from Tegal, COI gene, mitochondrial DNA
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Muthmainnah, Atika, and Khalid Jalali. "Produktivitas Budidaya Antara Bebek Peking (Anas platyrhynchos) dengan Bebek Hibrida (Anas platyrhynchos domesticus)." Panthera : Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Sains dan Terapan 2, no. 4 (October 28, 2022): 255–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.36312/pjipst.v2i4.127.
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Broiler ducks are ducks that are able to grow quickly and can convert feed efficiently into meat with high value. Duck meat has a good structure and structure of the meat. The good structure of duck meat is now popular with the public, because the taste of the meat is delicious and savory. Broiler ducks that are known by the public include hybrid ducks and peking ducks. The demand for duck meat that continues to increase does not change with the availability of duck meat available in the market, to meet the needs of the community. It is possible to breed broiler ducks as proof that the poultry business for ducks is wide open with the promised profit prospects. The purpose of this study was to determine the productivity in broiler duck cultivation which can increase body weight gain quickly, economically and produce meat that has high nutrition to meet public demand. The research method used is literature review by analyzing relevant articles and focusing on the productivity of broiler duck farming. Based on maintenance for 6 weeks, the data obtained was the consumption of hybrid rations as much as 6,514 g/head while in peking ducks as much as 7,601 g/head, PBB in hybrid ducks was 1,237 g/head, while for peking ducks 1,699 g/head, FCR in ducks hybrid 5.29 and peking duck 4.49 and mortality of hybrid duck 4% and peking duck 12%. The weight gain, mortality, and feed conversion of peking ducks were higher than that of hybrid ducks. The conclusion from the results of the study that the best duck genotype to produce FCR was hybrid duck and production performance which included body weight gain, feed consumption and feed conversion in peking ducks and hybrid ducks.
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Arlina, Firda, and Sabrina Sabrina. "Performance of various types of West Sumatera female ducks at starter period." E3S Web of Conferences 373 (2023): 01007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202337301007.
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West Sumatra has several breeds of germplasm ducks that have good potential for breeding, including Bayang Ducks, Kamang ducks, Pitalah ducks, and Sikumbang Janti ducks. This type of duck develops in the origin area to produce eggs and meat. The diversity of the performance of these ducks is still high. This study aims to determine the performance of various West Sumatra female ducks during the starter period. One hundred twenty heads of local female ducks were used in this study. This study used an experimental method of Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with four treatments and five replicates; each cage unit consisted of 6 ducks. The treatments in this study consisted of four breeds of local female ducks from West Sumatra, namely A (Bayang duck), B (Kamang duck), C (Pitalah duck), and D (Sikumbang Janti ducks). This study showed that four breeds of local female ducks in West Sumatra had no significant effect (P>0.05) on feed consumption and body weight gain. In comparison, four breeds of local female ducks in West Sumatra significantly affected feed conversion (P<0.05). The feed conversion for Bayang, Sikumbang janti, Kamang, and Pitalah ducks was 4.60, 4.89, 4.60, 4.38, and 4.29. Based on the feed conversion, female Pitalah ducks were more efficient than others.
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Ridwan, M., R. Sari, R. D. Andika, A. A. Candra, and G. G. Maradon. "Usaha Budidaya Itik Pedaging Jenis Hibrida dan Peking." PETERPAN (Jurnal Peternakan Terapan) 1 (July 22, 2020): 8–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.25181/peterpan.v1i1.1473.
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Broiler ducks are ducks that are able to grow fast and can efficiently convert feed into meat with high nutritional value. Broiler ducks have good flesh structure and structure. The good meat structure of broilers is now becoming more popular among the people, because the taste of the meat is tasty and tasty. Broiler ducks known by the public include hybrid ducks and Peking ducks. The ever-increasing need for duck meat is not matched by the availability of enough duck meat in the market, to meet the needs of the community. This could be the potential to cultivate broilers as evidence that poultry business and agribusiness, especially ducks are still wide open with promising profit prospects. The method used is: to maintain broilers totaling 50, each of which consists of 25 hybrid ducks and peking 25 tails, then feeding and drinking, taking data through recording weighing weight, and analyzing the profitability of broiler duck farming. Based on maintenance for 42 days, the data obtained was the consumption of 3.645 g / tail hybrid rations and the consumption of 3.727g pork duck / tail, United Nations hybrid duck 1.168,8 g and peking duck 1.171,04 g, FCR hybrid duck 3.11 and Peking duck 3.18 and hybrid duck mortality 4% and Peking 12%. Weight gain, mortality, and conversion of Peking duck feed were higher than hybrid ducks. Keywords: hybrid duck, Peking duck, Production PerformÂ
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Kadurumba, O. E., F. C. Egenuka, L. C. Ikpamezie, C. Kadurumba, and D. N. Onunkwo. "Evaluation of local duck production systems in Imo and Abia States of Nigeria." Nigerian Journal of Animal Production 46, no. 3 (November 6, 2019): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.51791/njap.v46i3.868.
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A study was conducted to evaluate local duck production systems in Imo and Abia States of Nigeria. Seventy-two (72) local duck farmers from both States were purposefully selected using snowball sampling techniques and were interviewed using structured questionnaires.Data on farmers' socio-economic characteristics and production practices were collectedand analyzed using descriptive statistics such as frequencies, percentages and charts. Theresults showed that there were more male duck farmers (88.89%), while the average age of duck farmers was 51.35years. Most (97.22%) of the duck farmers were literate, 58.33% ofhouseholds had between 4 - 7 members, 73.61% of duck farmers were Christians and a higher number (46.43%) raised pigs alongside of ducks. Most farmers (98.61%) kept only Muscovy ducks. The average flock size is about 6-9 ducks per household. Ducks were mainly kept for rituals and traditional medicine (56.78%). About 48.61% of farmers used personal money to finance duck farming, while 47.22% of farmers inherited their foundations stock. The age at sexual maturity for ducks was 7 to 9 months; clutch length was 11 to 15 days, while clutch size ranged from 16 to 20 eggs. Again, 94.44% of farmers practiced extensive system of duck keeping while 84.72% did not provide supplementary feeds to their ducks. Accidents are the leading cause of mortality in ducks, while the myths that surround ducks are the main obstacle to duck meat consumption. The results showed that duck farming is not popular in the study area and therefore, ducks are seen and kept as sacrificial birds. Thus, the potential of ducks for the production of meat and eggs is not fully exploited. These myths that have hindered the production of ducks could be dispelled through farmer trainings and enlightenment.
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Zhang, Yang, Qiang Bao, Zhi Cao, Youqing Bian, Yu Zhang, Zhengfeng Cao, Guohong Chen, and Qi Xu. "Chinese Domestic Ducks Evolved from Mallard Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) and Spot-Billed Duck (A. zonorhyncha)." Animals 13, no. 7 (March 24, 2023): 1156. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071156.
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China has a rich genetic resource in its 34 domestic duck breeds. In order to detect the genetic diversity and explore the origin of these indigenous duck populations, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region was sequenced and analyzed for 208 individual ducks, including 22 domestic breeds, wild Mallards ducks, Eastern spot-billed ducks, White Muscovy ducks, and Black Muscovy ducks. The haplotype diversity (Hd) was 0.653 and the average nucleotide diversity (Pi) was 0.005, indicating moderate genetic diversity. Sixty haplotypes were detected, and the maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic tree and median-joining (MJ) network were generated from the sequence analyses. In this study, haplotypes from the Mallard duck (Anas platyrhynchos) were detected in most of the Chinese domestic duck breeds. In addition, the Eastern spot-billed duck (A. zonorhyncha) H8 haplotype was detected in two duck breeds. Only two haplotypes were found in Muscovy ducks, suggesting low genetic diversity within this population. The sequence and haplotype analyses revealed that both A. platyrhynchos and A. zonorhyncha contributed to the evolution of domestic ducks in China.
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Fitriani, Eka, Sri Isdadiyanto, and Silvana Tana. "Kualitas Kerabang Telur pada Berbagai Itik Petelur Lokal di Balai Pembibitan dan Budidaya Ternak Non Ruminansia (BPBTNR), Ambarawa." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.107-113.
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Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) was one type of potential poultry producing eggs. Efforts to increase productivity can be done through the selection of good breeding stock, provision of adequate food in quantity and quality as well as the provision of additional feed (feed additive). Calcium carbonate was a mineral needed by a group of ducks for egg shell formation. The purpose of the research was quality of the local duck eggs Pengging include ducks, duck Tegal and duck Magelang based on the quality of its shell. This study uses a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments (Pengging duck, duck Ducks Tegal and Magelang) and 6 replication.The measured variable was the index of egg shell, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness and eggshell calcium. Data were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with a differentiating factor is the type of duck. Real different data analyzeda further test using Least Significant Differences Test (LSDT) at the level of 95%. The results of this research indexshowed that ducks Tegaland duck Pengging no significant difference but significantly different with Magelang ducks. Weight eggshell and eggshell thickness showed no significantly different for the three types of local ducks. Eggshell calcium levels showed that Magelang ducks and duck Pengging no significant difference but significantly different with Tegal ducks.Conclusion of the study was index eggshell and eggshell calcium could affect the quality of the eggshell. Keywords: Local Ducks in Central Java, the index of egg shell, eggshell weight, eggshell thickness, eggshell calcium.
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Alfauzi, Ridhwan Anshor, and Nur Hidayah. "Reviu: Itik Magelang sebagai itik lokal potensial dan salah satu alternatif sumber protein hewani." Conference of Applied Animal Science Proceeding Series 3 (November 8, 2022): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/animpro.2022.332.
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The need for food will increase along with the inscrease in population. Livestock is one of the contributors to food needs in the form of protein of animal origin, including meat, eggs, and milk. Animal protein is important because of its more complete amino acid content than protein of vegetable origin. Magelang duck is one of the local ducks that has advantages over other local ducks and has the potential to be developed as laying duck, broiler duck, or dual-purpose ducks. Seeing the potential that exists, this paper aims to review the potential of Magelang ducks from various research results in order to develop the potential of local ducks. Utilization of Magelang ducks needs to be done because local ducks have an important role as a provider of animal protein for the community, especially rural areas.
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NAIK, P. K., B. K. SWAIN, and C. K. BEURA. "Duck production in India-A review." Indian Journal of Animal Sciences 92, no. 8 (August 22, 2022): 917–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.56093/ijans.v92i8.118712.
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In India, the contribution of ducks for egg and meat production is next to chicken. There are many advantagesof duck production over chicken. The important available ducks in the country are few exotic breeds and locallyavailable indigenous ducks. Ducks can be reared under intensive, semi-intensive and extensive rearing system.However, in India, ducks are mostly reared in small flock size as subsidiary source of income. The major duck basedintegrated farming system are duck-fish, duck-rice and duck-rice-fish integrated farming system. Feed is the majorfactor in livestock and poultry production system as it accounts about 70-75% of the total cost of production. Tominimize the cost of production, many locally available alternate or unconventional feed ingredients, viz. azolla,cassava, broken rice are used for feeding of ducks. The constraints of duck farming are mainly the unavailability ofsuitable germplasm, scarcity in natural feed resources, drying of natural water bodies, difficulty in the availabilityof vaccines, poor marketing facilities, etc. In India, there is ample scope for duck production to meet egg and meatdemand of the country. Suitable duck breeds or varieties need to be developed for rural backyard duck farming.Comprehensive feeding packages along with scientific management practices for different types of ducks should beformulated for economic production of duck eggs and meat. There is a need for establishment of hatcheries and other infrastructures in rural areas to promote duck farming for sustainable livelihood of the people.
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Siti Rohaeni, Eni, Harun Kurniawan, Susi Lesmayati, Ratna Ayu Saptati, and Nila Miraya. "Analysis of the Alabio Ducks Rearing Business with Herbal Medicine Supplementation in Lebak Swamplands of South Kalimantan." E3S Web of Conferences 444 (2023): 02002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202344402002.
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Ducks are one of the sources of income for farmers in the Lebak swamp area, South Kalimantan. Duck rearing is one of the prospective ducks farming activities. The study aims to determine the analysis of Alabio ducks rearing business with herbal medicine supplementation. Due to the high prevalence of disease attacks, herbal medicine supplementation was given to ducks to boost their immune systems. The research was carried out in Sungai Durait Hulu village, Babirik subdistrict, Hulu Sungai Utara (HSU) Regency in April-December 2019. A total of 700 female Alabio ducks were used as samples with a mixed rearing system (intensive system for ducks aged 1-30 days; semi-intensive for ducks aged 1-5 months), and a 5-month of observation period. The parameters observed were production parameters, mainly duck mortality and/or loss, and economic parameters to determine business feasibility. The herbal medicine supplementation significantly affected immune systems, as shown by a lower mortality rate (30%) for ducks with herbal medicine supplementation compared to ducks without herbal medicine supplementation (50%). Duck rearing in this area was feasible and profitable which shown by R/C values were greater than one for both groups of ducks, namely 1.84 and 2.28 for ducks without and with herbal medicine supplementation, respectively.
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Zheng, Xingze, Feiyi Li, Bin Lin, Donghang Xie, Yang Liu, Kailin Jiang, Xinyao Gong, Hongbo Jiang, Ran Peng, and Xuliang Duan. "A Two-Stage Method to Detect the Sex Ratio of Hemp Ducks Based on Object Detection and Classification Networks." Animals 12, no. 9 (May 4, 2022): 1177. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12091177.
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The sex ratio is an important factor affecting the economic benefits of duck groups in the process of hemp duck breeding. However, the current manual counting method is inefficient, and the results are not always accurate. On the one hand, ducks are in constant motion, and on the other hand, the manual counting method relies on manpower; thus, it is difficult to avoid repeated and missed counts. In response to these problems, there is an urgent need for an efficient and accurate way of calculating the sex ratio of ducks to promote the farming industry. Detecting the sex ratio of ducks requires accurate counting of male ducks and female ducks. We established the world’s first manually marked sex classification dataset for hemp ducks, including 1663 images of duck groups; 17,090 images of whole, individual duck bodies; and 15,797 images of individual duck heads, which were manually captured and had sex information markers. Additionally, we used multiple deep neural network models for the target detection and sex classification of ducks. The average accuracy reached 98.68%, and with the combination of Yolov5 and VovNet_27slim, we achieved 99.29% accuracy, 98.60% F1 score, and 269.68 fps. The evaluation of the algorithm's performance indicates that the automation method proposed in this paper is feasible for the sex classification of ducks in the farm environment, and is thus a feasible tool for sex ratio estimation.
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Kokoszyński, D., Z. Bernacki, M. Biegniewska, M. Saleh, K. Stęczny, R. Zwierzyński, M. Kotowicz, et al. "Carcass, physicochemical and sensory characteristics of meat from genetic reserve ducks after two reproductive seasons." South African Journal of Animal Science 50, no. 1 (April 20, 2020): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v50i1.7.
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The aim of the study was to compare carcass composition and meat quality of i) Pekin ducks of French origin (P9), ii) crosses of wild mallard and Pekin duck (K2), and iii) crosses of Khaki Campbell drakes and Orpington Fauve ducks (KhO1). Twenty carcasses from 110-week-old ducks of each genetic group were used. Carcass weight of P9 was significantly higher than that of K2 and KhO1. Carcasses of K2 ducks had a significantly lower percentage of neck and leg muscles and giblet weight compared with P9 and KhO1 ducks, while carcasses of KhO1 ducks had a significantly higher percentage of wing meat compared with K2 and P9, and a significantly lower percentage of breast muscles compared with P9 ducks. Breast and leg muscles of P9 contained significantly more water than those of K2 and KhO1, and the breast muscles of P9 ducks had more protein and less fat than those of KhO1 birds. The leg muscles of KhO1 contained significantly more protein, and those of K2 had significantly more fat than the other duck groups. Breast muscles of P9 and KhO1 ducks had significantly more collagen but had less in leg muscles compared with K2. Breast fillets from P9 ducks showed higher L*, a*, and b* colour values and shear force than K2 and KhO1 ducks.
Keywords: carcass composition, conservation flocks, meat quality, spent duck
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Kostaman, T., Y. A. Tribudi, N. Azizah, D. A. Kusumaningrum, U. Adiati, F. A. Pamungkas, A. Hafid, et al. "The comparative egg physical characteristics from four poultry species." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1341, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1341/1/012001.
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Abstract In this study, we examined the physical characteristics of two local breeds (Cemani chicken and Mojosari putih duck) and two imported breeds (White Leghorn chicken and Peking duck). A total of 280 eggs were tested. Egg physical characteristics and hatchability were analyzed using ANOVA with consideration for breed effects using GLM (SPSS version 25). Peking ducks have a heavier, larger mean of geometric diameter, larger volumes, and larger surface area of eggs (p<0.05). Among them, the Cemani chicken is the smallest in the world (p<0.05). Cemani chicken and Mojosari putih ducks had the highest sphericity and shape index scores, and were significantly different from White Leghorn chickens and Peking ducks (p<0.05). Density parameters were highest in Cemani chickens as well as in White Leghorn chickens, but were significantly different from Peking ducks and Mojosari putih ducks (p<0.05). Hatchability was related to the shape index value. Mojosari putih ducks and Cemani chickens have a higher shape index than White Leghorn chickens and Peking ducks. In summary, the Peking duck was better, but the hatchability was higher for the Mojosari putih duck and Cemani chicken.
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Apriliyani, Nur Indah, Muhammad Anwar Djaelani, and Silvana Tana. "Profil Histologi Duodenum Berbagai Itik Lokal Di Kabupaten Semarang." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (April 21, 2018): 144. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.144-150.
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Local duck had been widely cultivated not only as a producer of eggs processed as salted egg but also there are cultivated as broiler ducks. The efforts to improve the productivity of ducks can be seen from the effectiveness of the process of absorption of nutrients in the duodenum, so the use of energy in the metabolic process can be optimized for adding mass and volume of the cell. This study aims to determine the duodenum profile of the histological structure covered the lumen diameter, villous height and number of goblet cells of Magelang ducks, Tegal ducks and Pengging ducks .This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments (Magelang ducks, Tegal ducks and Pengging ducks) and 6 replications. The measured variable was the long intestine tenue, lumen diameter, villous height and number of goblet cells. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a differentiation factor was the type of duck. The realdifferences data were analyzed using advanced test of Duncan at the level of 95%. The results showed long intestine tenue, lumen diameter and height of the villi were not significantly different at each Magelang ducks, Tegal ducks, Pengging ducks. The number of goblet cells in Magelang ducks and Tegal ducks showed significantly different, but not on Pengging Ducks. The conclusion of the study was the length of the intestine tenue, lumen diameter and height of villous had no real effect on three types of ducks. Keywords: Local ducks, duodenum, histological
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Kadurumba, Ogechi Evangeline, Yahaya Ahmadu, Chukwuemeka Kadurumba, Ogechi Lilian Okafor, and Ifeanyi Charles Okoli. "Characterisation and approaches to the conservation of the Nigerian local duck population: A Review." Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 56, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 189–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ats-2023-0021.
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Abstract Research, development, and breeding of ducks in Nigeria are on the rise and continuous breeding of ducks needs basic information on their production environment, genetic background, and diversity. Nigerian local ducks (NLD) have been phenotypically characterised based on morphological characteristics which have provided a reasonable representation of their genetic difference. Morphological and morphometric variations exist among indigenous ducks of Nigeria and mottled plumage colour is preponderant. Low genetic diversity exists among Nigerian duck populations implying that ducks are in close genetic relationships irrespective of distinctive and varying phenotypic, biochemical, and physiological characteristics, whereas the phylogenetic tree revealed clustered relationships. Large-scale duck farming is uncommon; rather, ducks are kept as a pastime business. The scavenging feeding system is majorly practiced among small flock sizes which are highly predominant. NLDs lay between 100 and 125 eggs yearly when reared under an intensive system of management and also have a high hatching rate of above 70% even though high environmental temperature affects their reproductive performance. There are no organised duck markets in Nigeria. Duck eggs are rarely consumed or sold; rather they are majorly used for breeding purposes. Myths, poor funding, lack of standard laboratories, and lack of skilled workforce are among the factors affecting the development and conservation of indigenous ducks in Nigeria. Introducing improved breeds of duck and establishing conservation programmes will help promote greater duck production and conservation. Duck business is a profitable but seasonal business and can efficiently bridge the noticed protein gap in rural communities.
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Kokoszyński, Dariusz, Mohamed Saleh, Zenon Bernacki, Marek Kotowicz, Małgorzata Sobczak, Joanna Żochowska-Kujawska, and Kamil Stęczny. "Digestive tract morphometry and breast muscle microstructure in spent breeder ducks maintainedin a conservation programme of genetic resources." Archives Animal Breeding 61, no. 3 (September 30, 2018): 373–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/aab-61-373-2018.
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Abstract. The objective of this study was to compare three genetic groups of ducks: P9 (French Pekin), K2 (bred from wild mallards – Anas platyrhynchos L. and Pekin duck), and KhO1 (hybrid of Khaki Campbell drake and Orpington Fauve duck) after two breeding seasons for body weight and length, length of intestine and its segments, percentage of other internal organs, and breast muscle microstructure. The study used 60 ducks, 20 birds (10 males and 10 females) from each genetic group. At 110 weeks of age, P9 ducks exhibited significantly (p<0.05) greater body weight and length, and length of intestine and its segments (except for colon length) compared to K2 and KhO1 ducks. KhO1 ducks had significantly shorter jejunum and ileum compared to K2 birds. The lighter K2 and KhO1 ducks had significantly greater relative length of intestine and its segments. In P9 ducks, liver, heart, and gizzard were heavier and spleen percentage in body weight significantly lower than in K2 and KhO1 birds. KhO1 ducks had a significantly higher percentage of proventriculus compared to the other duck groups. The different genetic origins of the ducks had no effect on microstructural characteristics of m. pectoralis superficialis except for perimysium and endomysium thickness. Our study provided information about differences in the digestive tract morphometry and breast muscle microstructure of ducks from three genetic groups after two reproductive seasons, which are maintained in a conservation programme of genetic resources in Poland.
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Savitri, Ajeng Fatria, Enny Yusuf Wachidah Yuniwarti, and Sri Isdadiyanto. "Rasio Otot-Tulang Pectoralis Berbagai Jenis Itik Lokal di Jawa Tengah." Bioma : Berkala Ilmiah Biologi 18, no. 2 (December 30, 2016): 151. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/bioma.18.2.151-156.
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Local ducks farm businesses potentially developed as the meat producer, which was expected to fit and complete the nutrition for society. The provision of excellent meat quality was one of the main goals that integrated with the development of animal husbandary. The quality and quantity of meat on the carcass could be seen as one of the indicators of ducks productivity. The study about the influence of various types of ducks to pectoralis meat bone ratio as the component of commercial carcass had to be done to find out about the quality and genetics potentials of every ducks type in order to improve the quality of food. This study aimed to analyze the influence of various types of ducks in Central Java, such as Pengging duck, Tegal duck, and Magelang duck to the carcass quality evaluated from the value of pectoralis meat bone ratio. The ducks used in the study were 6 months. The types of ducks were used as comparison. Samples were taken from the three types of local ducks and the repetition was done six times for each type of ducks. The measured variables were live weight, pectoralis weight, pectoralis percentage, meat bone percentage, and meat bone ratio. The data were analyzed using ANOVA. Real different datas were analyzed by further testing Least Significant Difference Test (LSDT) at the level of 95%. The results showed that various types of local ducks did not significantly affect the value of the pectoralis meat bone ratio, therefore it could be concluded that various local ducks did not affect on pectoralis meat bone ratio. Keywords: Local ducks in Central Java, carcass, pectoralis meat bone ratio.
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Linh, N. T., N. H. Qui, and N. T. K. Dong. "Production and morphological characteristics of Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata) in Mekong delta, Vietnam." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1360, no. 1 (June 1, 2024): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1360/1/012026.
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Abstract To meet the demands of an increasing population, protein sources from meat should be diverted. Muscovy duck is a potential protein source of high meat weight and quality for humans. The study tried to describe all information of production and morphological traits of local Muscovy ducks from 1-12 weeks old. This study involved 40 Muscovy ducks from the Mekong Delta, Vietnam, and showed that local male and female Muscovy ducks differed, with male ducks performing better in terms of growth rate, nutrients in meat. The typical morphological characteristics of local Muscovy ducks are black plumage for whole body with small spot white in wings. The highest body weight (BW) was 3,356±166.3 g/head for male ducks and 2,036±104.4 g/head for female ducks. The birds could grow up to 23.72-39.32 g/day from 1-12 weeks age and consume 99.02-153.9 g/head/day feed. Meat of male ducks accounts for 65.8% of live BW while female duck meat accounts for 67% of live BW. The nutritional composition of female ducks was almost the same with male ducks, especially crude protein, at > 21%. It could be concluded that male Muscovy ducks can be used more suitable for meat purposes.
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Gatea, Salah, Salam Altaie, Nihad Nafel, Thamer ALjanabi, and Sura Khafaji. "Study the difference in a carcass and the relative weight of the Molar, White Pekin and Brown Iraqi local duck carcass parts." Bionatura 8, no. 4 (December 15, 2023): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21931/rb/2023.08.04.73.
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The existing experiment was intended to explore differences among three breeds of duck, Molar, White Pekin, and Brown Iraqi local duck, in carcass traits and some organs. Thirty ducks (n= 10 of each breed) were reared at age 2 months in an open scheme for 8 weeks. At the end of this period, before and after slaughter, the weight of all ducks had taken. The carcass, thighs, back and neck, wings, and breast were estimated by balance. Then, some slaughter organs, heart, liver, and gizzard were weighed. The statistical analysis of current data showed a significant (P≤0.05) raising in live body weight (LBW) in molar ducks compared with other breed ducks. On the other hand, the results of carcass traits recorded a significant (P<0.05) increment in wings percentage in molar ducks compared with White Pekin and Brown Iraqi local ducks. Also, the statistical examination verified a significant (P<0.05) increment in heart and gizzard percentages in molar ducks compared to other breeds. The regression equations were also verified for determining live body weight by slaughter traits in three breed ducks. Concluded that there are differences among Molar, Pekin, and Brown Iraqi local ducks in live body weight and carcass weight, as well as weights of some organs; also improved significantly in Molar ducks comparison with White Pekin and Brown Iraqi local ducks. Keywords: Ducks; slaughter; breed.
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Briggs, SV, JG Brickhill, RT Kingsford, and PF Hodgson. "Ducks, hunters and rainfall at two sites in southern inland New South Wales." Wildlife Research 20, no. 6 (1993): 759. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9930759.
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Duck hunters have been surveyed on the opening morning of duck seasons since 1972 at Lake Cowal and Barrenbox Swamp in southern inland New South Wales. Mean numbers of ducks shot per hunter on opening morning reflected the numbers of ducks at the sites two to three weeks previously. At Barrenbox Swamp, but not at Lake Cowal, mean bag sizes were inversely related to recent local rainfall. Mean bag sizes on opening morning at Lake Cowal and Barrenbox Swamp did not diminish following reduction of the opening-day bag limit from 20 to 10 ducks per day in 1988. Generally, numbers of ducks and mean bag sizes at Lake Cowal and Barrenbox Swamp have not declined or increased since 1972 (exceptions are increased numbers but decreased bag sizes of Pacific black duck at Barrenbox Swamp, and increased bag sizes of maned duck at Lake Cowal). At neither hunting site were numbers of ducks related to mean bag sizes in the previous year. In summary, hunting does not appear to be adversely affecting numbers of major species of game ducks at either Lake Cowal or Barrenbox Swamp.
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Roni, Ni Gusti Ketut, Ni Made Suci Sukmawati, Ni Made Witariadi, Budi Rahayu Tanama Putri, and Ni Wayan Siti. "TEKNOLOGI FERMENTASI UNTUK PRODUKSI HERBAL PROBIOTIK DAN PAKAN ITIK ORGANIK RENDAH KOLESTEROL." Buletin Udayana Mengabdi 20, no. 3 (December 25, 2021): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/bum.2021.v20.i03.p07.
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Ducks have the potential to be developed as a food ingredient, especially on the island of Bali. Ducks are a variety of culinary delights that are in great demand by tourists and have a very high selling value. The problem that often becomes an obstacle in consuming processed ducks is the high cholesterol level of duck meat, which is thought to be detrimental to health. The main objective of this activity is to produce duck feed that triggers a reduction in meat cholesterol, quality and easy to obtain by utilizing abundant local raw materials, namely utilizing golden snails which are a pest of rice plants, and papaya leaf flour which is a waste of papaya plantations so that the price is cheaper and producing low cholesterol ducks. The results of research conducted by the proposer have obtained a duck feed formulation that can improve the performance of ducks assessed from growth, meat quality (organoleptic and cholesterol levels) and health status of ducks. Provision of raw materials for duck feed that can replace fish meal is by producing biologically golden snail silage flour with a protein content of 45.95%. Based on the results of the activity, it can be concluded that through fermentation technology using local microbes, low cholesterol organic duck feed and probiotic herbs are produced to increase the availability of organic feed, production and quality of duck meat.
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EBISSA, Tchister, Bo Yang, Yuanqing Guan, Bingchang Tan, Peizhen Chen, Lili Wang, Richard Magwanga, and Xiangqun Zheng. "A Comparison of Nitrogen Transfer and Transformation in Traditional Farming and the Rice–Duck Farming System by 15N Tracer Method." Agronomy 8, no. 12 (December 2, 2018): 289. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy8120289.
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A field experiment was conducted in Ninghe, Tianjin, China, using the 15N isotope method to determine the fate of N sources, application effect of organic fertilizer on the growth of rice plant organs, N uptake by rice, and N use efficiency. The experiment included eight treatments: CK-N (control + no-duck), CK-D (control + ducks), CF-N (chemical fertilizer + no-ducks), CF-D (chemical fertilizer + ducks), CM-N (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer + no-ducks), CM-D (chemical fertilizer + organic fertilizer + ducks), CD-N (chemical fertilizer 30% off + organic fertilizer + no-ducks), and CD-D (chemical fertilizer 30% off + organic fertilizer + ducks). The results showed that the application of organic fertilizer whether CM or CD in grain and leaf significantly increased N concentration; leaf and root P concentrations over control (CK) and chemical fertilizer (CF). In contrast, straw and root N concentrations, including grain and straw P concentrations did not show any difference between duck and no-duck treatment. Moreover, non-significant differences were found in 15N fresh grain and husk concentration. Both organs ranged from 14.2–14.4 g·kg−1 and 6.2–6.3 g·kg−1, respectively. Likewise, N uptake and N use efficiency in fresh grain and husk were not significantly differed within duck and without duck treatment. However, N uptake in fresh grain and husk ranged at the rates of 54.90–93.69 and 6.43–11.04 kg ha−1 with duck and without duck treatment. N use efficiency in fresh grain and husk ranged from 21.55%–34.61% and 2.61%–4.24%, respectively. Overall organic fertilizer has a significant influence on rice growth and promotes crop productivity.
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Kartika Sari, Kadek Indah, Ni Wayan Sudatri, and Ni Made Suartini. "Prevalence Of Leucocytozoonosis And Plasmodiosis In Duck (Anas platyrhynchos) That Are Maintained In The Household Scale." Metamorfosa: Journal of Biological Sciences 8, no. 1 (March 30, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/metamorfosa.2021.v08.i01.p06.
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Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium are blood parasitic protozoa that can be found in poultry blood including ducks. These protozoa can cause Leucocytozoonosis and Plasmodiosis in poultry. Spread of the disease through different biological vectors. Similium sp. and Culicoides arakawae as vectors of Leucocytozoonosis and vectors of Plasmodiosis are Culex sp., Culiseta sp., and Aedes sp. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Leucocytozoonosis and Plasmodiosis in ducks that are maintained on a household scale. Ducks are taken from four locations (breeders on a household scale) in Besan Village. In each location, 5 ducks were taken so that the total number of ducks used was 20. This research used purposive sampling method. Samples of duck blood were made as blood smear preparations and stained with 10% Giemsa stain solution then observed under a microscope. The parameters observed were the percentage of blood samples infected with Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium and hematological parameters (total leukocyte count, total erythrocyte count, hemoglobin level, and PCV value). The results showed that Leucocytozoon and Plasmodium were not found in duck blood cells. The prevalence of Leucocytozoonosis and Plasmodiosis in ducks was 0%. The average value of duck blood profile through One Way Anova statistical analysis showed no significant difference between ducks from each sampling location (p> 0.05) and the value of duck blood profile for all samples was within the normal range.
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Hasibuan, Febry Rahmadhani, Balqis Putri Wardana Purba, Diva Raya Kinanti Rambe, Hanifa Mawaddah, and Kayla Nur Hafizhah. "Karakteristik Morfologi dan Organ Reproduksi pada Bebek Betina." Jurnal Biologi 1, no. 1 (November 13, 2023): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.47134/biology.v1i1.1930.
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This research aims to determine the morphology of female ducks from two different feeds andalso determine the reproductive organs in female ducks. The data collection technique was carried out directly by observing the development of the morphological characteristics of the ducks every week. In this study, two female ducks were used with two different feeds, namely 1 duck eating bran and the other duck eating pellets as the main feed. Based on the observations made, it can be concluded that ducks that eat bran (natural feed) and pellets (artificial feed) have a morphology that is not much different from each other, namely they have a slender body shape and a relatively long neck. The main difference lies only in the diet. and the nutritional quality obtained from the food. The reproductive organs of female ducks are located inside their bodies. The main reproductive organs in female ducks consist of the ovaries, oviducts (egg tubes), and cloaca. The ovaries of female ducks generally have an oval shape like small eggs at the end of the cloaca.
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Prasetyo, Sugeng, Lestari Lestari, Rahma Jan, Tapaul Rozi, and Lalu Muhammad Kasip. "Tingkat Pertumbuhan Badan Itik Sasak dan Itik-Itik Pendatang Lainnya di Lombok Tengah." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Peternakan Indonesia (JITPI), Indonesian Journal of Animal Science and Technology 3, no. 1 (February 8, 2019): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/jitpi.v3i1.29.
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A potential production study of Sasak duck and the non-indigenous ducks (Campbell, mojosari, MA, and alabio ducks) was carried out in Centre Lombok Regency. Research materials were 50 female DODs for each breed. The variables observed were growth rate and feed conversion. The growth rate was measured every week from started from DOD until 10 weeks old. The data obtained were analyzed by using one-way ANOVA Complete Randomized Design. Results of research: body weight gain (BWG) for all breed increased until age between 5-6 weeks after that declined. Sasak and Campbell BWG were the least. The shank length average of all breed increased 253,86% within ten weeks. The shank length gain (SLG) for all breeds decreased steadily from the first week. The relative SLG of Sasak and MA ducks were between labia duck and Campbell ducks. The relative SLG of labor duck was highest and while that of mojosari ducks was the lowest. The average of the shank diameter gain within 10 weeks for all breeds increased 217.43%. There was no shank diameter difference (P 0.05 >) between Sasak ducks and the nation Lombok indigenous ducks. The average of middle finger length (MFL) of all breeds from one to 10 weeks increased 181,90%. The relative MFL gain of Sasak and Campbell ducks were less (P < 0.05) than that of the other three breeds. The feed conversion of Sasak, Campbell ducks, mojosari, MA, and alabio were 3.60; 3.90; 4.04; 4.06, and 3.66 consecutively.
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Wati, Widya, Yusfrizal Yusfrizal, and Magdalena Simanjutak. "Determining the Quality of Laying Parent Duck Seeds Using the SAW Method." International Journal of Informatics, Economics, Management and Science 3, no. 1 (January 23, 2024): 116. http://dx.doi.org/10.52362/ijiems.v3i1.1238.
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The selection of laying ducks on a farm is an important step for the continuity of activities in it. Increasing the selection of laying ducks requires quality standards to measure its success. This increase uses a simple additive weighting (saw) method in a decision support system. The increase in the selection of laying ducks is based on several criteria that have been applied, including the age of the ducks, the weight of the ducks, the shape of the duck feathers, and the shape of the duck wings. The results of this study indicate that the proposed model can be used properly in carrying out the selection of parent ducks for laying eggs. The SAW method is able to produce decisions in the form of the best alternative that can be used to assist decision makers. so that it can assist in the selection of broodstock ducks in an ordinary or intensive farm.
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Subagja, Hariadi, Novi Pradita Erlina, and Erfan Kustiawan. "Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Peternakan Tradisional Itik Petelur di Kabupaten Jember." Jurnal Ilmu Peternakan Terapan 1, no. 1 (December 5, 2017): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.25047/jipt.v1i1.533.
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This study aimed to determine how much income and business feasibility of duck laying farmers in Jember. The method used was a survey with 36 respondents duck laying farmers. The results of business feasibility analysis were B/C of 1.87, BEP (price) Rp983.27, BEP (production) 9,726.19 eggs, and ROI 55.70%. The laying duck business in several districts of Jember had incomes Rp656,408.00 (scale less than 100 ducks), Rp2,346,371.00 (scale 100 to 500 ducks), and Rp28,597,866.00 (scale more than 500 ducks).
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Khatun, H., MN Islam, AA Bhuyan, MN Hasan, and MS Islam. "Performance of BLRI developed native duck under farmers condition with supplementary feeding." Bangladesh Journal of Livestock Research 19, no. 1-2 (January 21, 2016): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjlr.v19i1-2.26423.
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A total of 198 straight run day old ducklings of Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) developed native duck (named as Rupali and Nageswary) and local native duck genotypes were distributed among nine farmers of low laying areas of Kalihati Upazilla of Tangail district. Rupali and Nageswary ducklings were obtained from existing stock of BLRI and local native ducklings were collected from local farmers of the study area. After 12 weeks of age each farmers retained 10 female and 2 male ducks and sold away remaining ducklings. Farmers were instructed to supply 50g of balanced feed to their ducks in the morning and evening. Ducks were allowed to scavenge in the beel throughout the day. Data on: growth, feed intake, age at onset of lay, egg production rate, egg weight, mortality rate were recorded and cost-benefit was calculated. There found no significant difference on growth parameters, live weight gain, age at first laying or age at peak egg production among the duck genotypes. In the study highest live weight gain was found in Nageswary (1090 g) followed by Rupali (1058 g) and local native (912 g) duck at 8 weeks of age. Egg production rate of local native ducks (37.21%) was found significantly lower (P<0.001) compared to Rupali (50.67 %) and Nageswary (55.40 %). The mortality rate in local duck was significantly higher (P<0.05) compared to Rupali and Nageswary ducks. Rupali ducks produced heavier eggs (66.86g) followed by local native (62.20g) and Nageswary (57.22g) which differed significantly (P<0.05). Rupali ducks laid eggs of thicker shell (0.61mm) compared to other duck genotypes under study which was also varied statistically (P<0.05). Cost benefit analysis shows that earning both from Nageswary and Rupali was much higher than local native ducks. Higher egg production rate of Nageswary and Rupali duck has contributed for higher return. It is concluded that rearing Rupali or Nageswary ducks in the low laying rural areas with scavenging and supplementary feeding facility is more profitable than rearing local native ducks.Bangladesh J. of Livestock Res. 19(1-2): 18-23, Jan-Dec 2012
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Salsabila, Salsabila, Depison Depison, and Silvia Erina. "Morphometric characterization and effect of growth hormone (GH) gene polymorphism on growth traits of Kerinci duck (Anas platyrhynchos)." Livestock and Animal Research 20, no. 3 (November 24, 2022): 300. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/lar.v20i3.62609.
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<p><strong>Objective:</strong> To determine the association of GH gene diversity with growth traits and to obtain the morphometric characteristics in Kerinci ducks.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The research method is an experiment using 96 blood samples of Kerinci duck blood. The methods included data collection on quantitative characteristics (body weight, body weight gain, body measurements), blood samples from Kerinci ducks, DNA extraction activities, PCR amplification and restriction with AluI enzyme. Data analysis included t-test, T2-Hotelling, principal component analysis, genotype frequency, allele, Hardy-Weinberg balance, heterozygosity, and PIC.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The quantitative characteristics of male Kerinci ducks were significantly different (P<0.05) higher than female Kerinci ducks. Analysis of the Kerinci duck GH|AluI gene was polymorphic. The population of Kerinci ducks was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P>0.05). Diversity Value of Kerinci Duck Ho<He. Quantitative characteristics of GH gene of Kerinci duck genotype +/+ were significantly different (P<0.05) higher than genotype +/- and -/-.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> The quantitative characteristics of male Kerinci ducks were higher than female Kerinci ducks. Characteristics of the body size of Kerinci duck are the length of sternum, length of shank, and circumference of shank, and identifier of body shape is length of wings. The Kerinci duck GH|AluI gene is polymorphic and has associations with quantitative characteristics, with the best genotype being the +/+ genotype.</p>
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Lestari, Fitriani Eka Puji, Jakaria Jakaria, and Rukmiasih Rukmiasih. "Sensori dan Karakteristik Asam Lemak Daging Itik Cihateup, Alabio dan Silangannya (Sensory and Fatty Acids Characteristics of Cihateup Duck Meats, Alabio and Cross-bred)." Jurnal Sains Terapan 5, no. 1 (June 4, 2015): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/jstsv.5.1.17-25.
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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the off odor in the meat of Alabio, Cihateup and cross-bred of both on the second generation. There were 36 ducks consisting 8 Cihateup Ducks, 9 alabio ducks and 19 cross-bred ducks. These ducks were reared for 10 weeks and fed by commercial feed containing 21-23% protein and 2900-3000 kcal/kg metabolic energy as much as 125 g/head/day. Ducks were put in colonies in box sized 1m x1 m. The off odor intensity, degree of liking and fatty acid composition of chest and thighs meat from Cihateup Duck, Alabio Duck and their crossbreeding were determined. Therefore, off odor intensity was analyzed using the rating intensity. Degree of liking was performed by hedonic ratio fatty acid composition analysis which was conducted by Gas Chromatography (GC). The off odor intensity of commercial meet of Alabio, Cihateup and their crossbreeding were not significantly different. Degree of aroma liking among Alabio, Cihateup and their crossbreeding meat was significantly different in breast commercial cutting where their cross breeding meat had the highest degree of liking. Ratio of unsaturated fatty acid to saturated fatty acid of meat from crossbreeding duck was lower than the one from the ancestor.Keyword: sensory, duck meat, Alabio, Cihateup, cross-breed
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Yuyun, Imas, Hendra Wibawa, Gunawan Setiaji, Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti, and Widagdo Sri Nugroho. "Determining highly pathogenic H5 avian influenza clade 2.3.2.1c seroprevalence in ducks, Purbalingga, Central Java, Indonesia." June-2020 13, no. 6 (2020): 1138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2020.1138-1144.
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Background and Aim: In Indonesia, highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) H5N1 outbreaks in poultry are still reported. The disease causes a decrease in egg production and an increase in mortality; this has an impact on the economic losses of farmers. Several studies have considered that ducks play a role in the HPAI endemicity in the country; however, little is known about whether or not the type of duck farming is associated with HPAI H5 virus infection, particularly within clade 2.3.2.1c, which has been predominantly found in poultry since 2014. A cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the HPAI seroprevalence for H5 subtype clade 2.3.2.1c in laying ducks that are kept intensively and nomadically and to determine the associated risk factors. Materials and Methods: Forty-nine duck farmers were randomly selected from ten sub-districts in Purbalingga District, Central Java, Indonesia; a cross-sectional study was implemented to collect field data. Based on an expected HPAI prevalence level of 10%, estimated accuracy of ± 5%, and 95% confidence interval (CI), the total sample size was calculated at 36 individuals. Samples must be multiplied by 7 to reduce bias; thus, 252 ducks were taken as samples in this study. Considering that the maintenance and duck handling were uniform and farmers complained that the effect of activity to take duck samples would reduce egg production, this study only took samples from 245 ducks (oropharyngeal swabs and serum). Those samples were taken from five birds on each farm. Hemagglutination inhibition tests examined the serum samples for HPAI H5 Clade 2.3.2.1c, and pool swab samples (five swabs in one viral media transport) were examined by real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) test for influenza Type A and H5 subtype virus. Information regarding farm management was obtained using a questionnaire; face-to-face interviews were conducted with the duck farmers using native Javanese language. Results: Serum and swabs from 245 ducks were collected in total. For individual birds, 54.69% (134/245) of serum samples were H5 seropositive. Seroprevalence among nomadic ducks was 59.28% (95% CI: 0.48-0.61), which was higher than among intensively farmed ducks (48.57%, 95% CI: 0.38-0.58). Farm-level seroprevalence was 50% (95% CI: 0.30-0.69) for nomadic ducks but only 28.57% (95% CI: 0.11-0.51) for intensively farmed ducks. The farm-level virus prevalence (proportion of flocks with at least one bird positive for influenza Type A) was 17.85% (95% CI: 0.07-0.35) for nomadic ducks and 4.76% (1/21) for intensively farmed ducks (95% CI: 0.008-0.23). All influenza Type A positive samples were negative for the H5 subtype, indicating that another HA subtype AI viruses might have been circulating in ducks in the study area. A relationship between duck farms that were H5 seropositive and their maintenance system was present; however, this relationship was not significant, the nomadic duck system detected 2 times higher H5-seropositive ducks than the intensive farming system (OR: 2.16, 95% CI: 0.33-14.31). Conclusion: This study found that the seroprevalence of HPAI in the duck population level in Purbalingga was 54.69% and demonstrated that the nomadic duck farming system was more likely to acquire HPAI H5 infection than the intensive farming duck system. Other risk factors should be further investigated as the diversity of the farming system is partially related to HPAI H5 infection.
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Husein, Amir, Rudy Sutrisna, and Dian Septinova. "PENGARUH PEMBERIAN RANSUM KOMERSIL DENGAN PENAMBAHAN BAHAN PAKAN LOKAL TERFERMENTASI AMONIUM SULFAT DAN UREA TERHADAP BOBOT HIDUP, BOBOT KARKAS, DAN BOBOT GIBLET ITIK HIBRIDA JANTAN." Jurnal Riset dan Inovasi Peternakan (Journal of Research and Innovation of Animals) 4, no. 3 (December 1, 2020): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jrip.2020.4.3.205-210.
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This research aimed to know the influence of giving a commercial ration with addition of local feed fermented with ammonium sulphate and urea and to find out the best ration on live weight, carcass weight, and giblet weight of male hybrid ducks. This research was carried out in July 2018--August 2018 in the cage of ducks, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, Lampung University. Research material used consisted of 40 male hybrid ducks. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD). Data was analysed using analysis of variance at 5% level of significance. The results showed that there was no different effect of treatments on live weight (1,552--1,717 g / duck), carcass weight (805,6--1.016 g / duck), and giblet weight (106.8--118.45 g /duck) of male hybrid ducks. Keywords: Carcass weight, Giblet weight, Live weight, Male hybrid duck.
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Al-Sobri, Shalsabila Novia, Depison Depison, and Eko Wiyanto. "Myostatin (MSTN) Gene Polymorphism Using PCR-RFLP Method In Kerinci Ducks." Jurnal Sain Peternakan Indonesia 17, no. 4 (December 30, 2022): 229–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31186/jspi.id.17.4.229-237.
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This study aims to determine body weight, body weight gain, and body measurements of male and female Kerinci ducks, as well as to determine the diversity of MSTN genes and the association of the MSTN gene on body weight, body weight gain, and body sizes in Kerinci ducks. The materials used were 96 Kerinci ducks and 96 Kerinci duck blood samples. Data analysis included: T-test, T2-hotelling, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), genotype frequency, allele, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, Heterozygosity, and PIC. The results showed that body weights at 2 and 3 months of age, body weight gain of 2-3 months and body sizes of 3 months old male Kerinci ducks were significantly different (P <0.05) higher than female Kerinci ducks. Body size markers of male and female Kerinci ducks were the length of the sternum, the length of the shank, and the circumference of the shank, while the shape identifier was the length of the wings. The MSTN|MboI gene in Kerinci ducks was polymorphic. The population of Kerinci ducks was in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P<0.05). Kerinci duck population heterozygosity showed H0<He. The MSTN|MboI gene was associated with BB, PBB, and body measurements of male and female Kerinci ducks, and the best genotype was (-/-).
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Saparin, Saparin, Eka Sari Wijianti, Yudi Setiawan, Suhdi Suhdi, Rodiawan Rodiawan, and Jeri Ariksa. "MODERNISASI PENGOLAHAN PAKAN BEBEK DENGAN MESIN PENGADUK DI PETERNAKAN TARET JAYA DESA AIR ANYIR KABUPATEN BANGKA." Dharma Pengabdian Perguruan Tinggi (DEPATI) 4, no. 1 (May 30, 2024): 92–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.33019/depati.v4i1.5185.
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Breeding ducks has several advantages, including: 1) the stages of raising ducks are easier; growth period; 2) duck growth is much faster, need 40 days to harvest; 3) marketing of meat and egg crops is easier; and 4) you can sell other parts to ducks, duck feathers for crafts and their droppings can be used as catfish feed. For laying ducks, their eggs can be harvested when they are 5 to 7 months old. Breeding ducks promises big enough profits that one of the livestock groups "Taret Jaya" has been raising broiler ducks since 2022. The community service partner is the Taret Jaya livestock group, located in Air Anyir village, Merawang sub-district, Bangka Regency. Based on the results of the survey to partner locations, there were several partner problems, including: manual counting of ingredients, limited knowledge of duck feed mixture ingredients, limited knowledge in making duck feed (fermentation process), and the mixing process in making feed was still manual. Currently, partners chop the feed ingredients using machetes and stir the feed ingredients using a hoe. The ingredients that have been stirred are then directly given to the ducks without going through a fermentation process. Through community service at this department level, the service team provides a solution that is offered in the form of a duck feed mixer machine. Mixing time with 50-60 kg of mixed material using a machine is 6 times faster than manually, namely around 5 minutes, compared to manual which takes 30 minutes. The service team has handed over to service partners, among other things: one unit of feed mixing machine, DOD duck seeds, feed making materials, and other supporting equipment for raising livestock. With this machine, partners can increase their livestock productivity.
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Kalangi, L. S., S. O. B. Lombogia, and J. Pandey. "Profit Analysis of Laying Ducks Farming Surrounding Tondano Lake, North Sulawesi-Indonesia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1341, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 012092. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1341/1/012092.
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Abstract Duck is one of the poultry commodities. It produces meat and eggs, which is beneficial to satisfy the needs for animal protein and economic value in increasing family income. Meanwhile, conch can increase the productivity of duck eggs, and it is a relatively cheap source of feed, and widely available in Lake Tondano. The research aims to describe the laying ducks farming and analyze the advantages of laying ducks farming surrounding Lake Tondano, North Sulawesi. The research was conducted in April-June 2023. It used a purposive sampling method to determine the respondents. The general raising system was the same, such as grazing, but it had differences in capital, production costs, revenue, and profits between farmers. The 1st type of laying ducks farming using ready-laying ducks was more profitable (R/C = 1.59) than the 2nd type of laying ducks farming using day-old-ducks (R/C = 1.48). However, this benefit would be greater if the expensed labor was waived.
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Jeong, Min-Ju, Yong-Chan Kim, and Byung-Hoon Jeong. "The First Report of the Prion Protein Gene (PRNP) Sequence in Pekin Ducks (Anas platyrhynchos domestica): The Potential Prion Disease Susceptibility in Ducks." Genes 12, no. 2 (January 28, 2021): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12020193.
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Pathogenic prion protein (PrPSc), converted from normal prion protein (PrPC), causes prion disease. Although prion disease has been reported in several mammalian species, chickens are known to show strong resistance to prion diseases. In addition to chickens, the domestic duck occupies a large proportion in the poultry industry and may be regarded as a potential resistant host against prion disease. However, the DNA sequence of the prion protein gene (PRNP) has not been reported in domestic ducks. Here, we performed amplicon sequencing targeting the duck PRNP gene with the genomic DNA of Pekin ducks. In addition, we aligned the PrP sequence of the Pekin duck with that of various species using ClustalW2 and carried out phylogenetic analysis using Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis X (MEGA X). We also constructed the structural modeling of the tertiary and secondary structures in avian PrP using SWISS-MODEL. Last, we investigated the aggregation propensity on Pekin duck PrP using AMYCO. We first reported the DNA sequence of the PRNP gene in Pekin ducks and found that the PrP sequence of Pekin ducks is more similar to that of geese than to that of chickens and mallards (wild ducks). Interestingly, Pekin duck PrP showed a high proportion of β-sheets compared to that of chicken PrP, and a high aggregation propensity compared to that of avian PrPs. However, Pekin duck PrP with substitutions of chicken-specific amino acids showed reduced aggregation propensities. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the genetic characteristics of the PRNP sequence in Pekin ducks.
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Nowak, Jerzy, Katarzyna Kuba, and Jolanta Zawilska. "Effects of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP) on cyclic AMP formation in the duck and goose brain." Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis 60, no. 2 (June 30, 2000): 209–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.55782/ane-2000-1339.
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Two molecular forms of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP), i.e., PACAP27 and PACAP38 (0.0001-1 μM), as well as vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP; 0.1-3 μM), have been studied for their effects on cyclic AMP formation in the hypothalamus and cerebral cortex of duck and goose. All three peptides concentration-dependently stimulated cyclic AMP production in the tested brain regions of 2-3-weeks-old (young) ducks, with VIP showing at least one order of magnitude weaker activity than PACAP. This characteristics suggests the existence in the duck's brain of adenylyl cyclase-linked PAC1 receptors. Both forms of PACAP also stimulated the nucleotide formation in the cerebral cortex and hypothalamus of 5-6-months-old (adult) ducks or geese grown under natural environment. The peptides-evoked effects in adult and young ducks were comparable, and clearly greater than those found in adult geese. The present data extend our recent observations made on chicks, and suggest PACAP to be a potent stimulator of the cyclic AMP generation in the avian central nervous system.
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Gu, Yue, Shucai Wang, Yu Yan, Shijie Tang, and Shida Zhao. "Identification and Analysis of Emergency Behavior of Cage-Reared Laying Ducks Based on YoloV5." Agriculture 12, no. 4 (March 30, 2022): 485. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture12040485.
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The behavior of cage-reared ducks is an important index to judge the health status of laying ducks. For the automatic recognition task of cage-reared duck behavior based on machine vision, by comparing the detection performance of YoloV4 (you only look once), YoloV5, and Faster-RCNN, this work selected the YoloV5 target detection network with the best performance to identify the three behaviors related to avoidance after a cage-reared duck emergency. The recognition average precision was 98.2% (neck extension), 98.5% (trample), and 98.6% (spreading wings), respectively, and the detection speed was 20.7 FPS. Based on this model, in this work, 10 duck cages were randomly selected, and each duck cage recorded video for 3 min when there were breeders walking in the duck house and no one was walking for more than 20 min. By identifying the generation time and frequency of neck extension out of the cage, trample, and wing spread, it was concluded that the neck extension, trampling, and wing spread behaviors of laying ducks increase significantly when they feel panic and fear. The research provides an efficient, intelligent monitoring method for the behavior analysis of cage-rearing of ducks and provides a basis for the health status judgment and behavior analysis of unmonitored laying ducks in the future.
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Lembong, Joicke F., N. M. Santa, A. Makalew, and F. H. Elly. "ANALISIS BREAK EVEN POINT USAHA TERNAK ITIK PEDAGING (Studi Kasus Pada Usaha Itik Milik Kelompok Masawang di Desa Talikuran Kecamatan Remboken)." ZOOTEC 35, no. 1 (January 25, 2015): 39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35792/zot.35.1.2015.6460.
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BREAK EVEN POINT ANALYSIS OF DUCKS FARMING (A Case Study on Group Masawang Talikuran Village District of Remboken ). Ducks PMP is a new type of duck Masawang group members . Duck is caged with organic feed . The problem is whether d duck business is profitable or not . The purpose of research was to analyze the cost of production , sale and Break Even Point ( BEP ) of the farming that was performed by the group. . The method used is a survey method with a case study approach . Source of data captured includes primary data and secondary data . Data collection was conducted from October to December 2013. The analysis used is the analysis of Break Even Point ( BEP ) . This study was conducted over a period of production with 100 head of cattle raising ducks PMP ( Peking Mojosari White ) . Cost of production per period incurred consist of fixed costs Rp . 350.625 , - and the variable cost of Rp . 6,667,730 , - . Prices ducks 70.000.00 , - / tail , revenues of Rp . 7.000.000 , - per period . Based on the research effort duck PMP " Masawang group " reach break even on revenue of Rp . 3,594,073 , - duck production volumes were 51 birds per period with an average body weight of 2.5 kg / head . Keywords : Ducks , BEP , Group
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Ismoyowati, I., E. Tugiyanti, M. Mufti, and D. Purwantini. "Sexual dimorphism and identification of single nucleotide polymorphism of growth hormone gene in muscovy duck." Journal of the Indonesian Tropical Animal Agriculture 42, no. 3 (August 17, 2017): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jitaa.42.3.167-174.
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This research was aimed to investigate the different growth and to identify growth hormone gene polymorphism in Muscovy ducks. Two hundred Muscovy day-old ducks consisting of white-plumed male and female duck, black and white-plumed male and female ducks. Body weight was recorded weekly and the obtained data were subject to T test. Primer design used the Custal X Program based on a database from the GeneBank Cairina moschata GH gene, partial cds (AB158762). Primer base sequence of GH gene was forward/Sequence: 5’-CTGGGGTTGTTTAGCTTGGA-3’ and reverse/Sequence: 5’-TAAACCTTCCCTGGCACAAC-3’. The DNA sequences were aligned by using the BioEdit version 7.7 for identification of the single nucleotide polymorphism. The result showed that male Muscovy duck produced higher an average body weight gain and more relative growth than those of females. The highest body weight gain was at three weeks old, and then it started to decrease at four weeks old. The sequencing PCR product obtained nucleotide polymorphism. AA genotype was observed at 136 t of black female Muscovy duck, CC in black and white male Muscovy duck, and white female Muscovy duck. Conclusively, a body weight gain of 3-week-old male Muscovy ducks was higher than that of females and GH gene polymorphism was observed in Muscovy ducks.
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B., SUPRIAWAN, DEPISON ., GUSHARIYANTO ., and S. ERINA. "IDENTIFICATION OF QUALITATIVE AND MORFOMETRIC CHARACTERISTICS OF 4 MONTHS OLD KERINCI DUCKS." Majalah Ilmiah Peternakan 26, no. 1 (June 28, 2023): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/mip.2023.v26.i01.p01.
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The purpose of this study was to determine the qualitative and morphometric characteristics of male and female Kerinci ducks aged 4 months. The research material was 72 Kerinci ducks consisting of 36 males and 36 females. The method used is the experimental method. Data on the quantitative characteristics of body sizes were analyzed using the mean difference test (t-test). Main Component Analysis (MCA) was used to identify body size and body shape in male Kerinci ducks and female Kerinci ducks. Data processing used statistical software Minitab version 18. The results showed that there were differences in the qualitative characteristics of male and female Kerinci ducks, namely the color of the head, neck, chest and tail feathers. The body sizes of male Kerinci ducks were significantly different (P<0.05) higher than that of female Kerinci ducks. In conclusion, the qualitative characteristics of male and female Kerinci ducks can be distinguished on the color of neck feathers, chest feathers, tail and head feathers. In male Kerinci ducks, it was found that there was a difference with the minister’s decision, namely the color of the neck feathers. The male Kerinci duck has a higher body size than the female Kerinci duck. Body size markers in male and female Kerinci ducks were chest circumference and body shape markers, namely tibia length in males and femur length in females.
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Azizi, M., S. Syamsuddin, and B. Basyah. "Integration of rice-duck on growth and yield of paddy crops (Oryza sativa L.)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1183, no. 1 (May 1, 2023): 012090. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1183/1/012090.
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Abstract This study aims to examine the effect of the number of ducks on the growth and yield of paddy. This research was conducted in Paloh Village, Samalanga District, Bireuen Regency. This research started from July to November 2021. This study used a non-factorial randomized block design with three replications. The treatments of this experiments were the number of ducks per hectare, namely control (without ducks), 1,200 ducks.ha−1(3 ducks/Plot), 1,600 ducks.ha−1 (4 ducks/Plot), 2,000 ducks.ha−1 (5 ducks/ha Plot), 2,400 ducks.ha−1 (6 ducks/Plot), and 2,800 ducks.ha−1 (7 ducks/Plot). The experimental plots size were 5.0 m x 5.0 m and each plot was fenced with plastics. The observation parameters are plant heights, number of tillers, weight of ducks, weed population, number of snails, panicles numbers, panicles length, filled grain weight, empty grain weight, 1000 grains weight, yield potential, and rice yield. The results of this study showed the number of duck on paddy crops had a very significant effect on the parameters of plant height and the number of tillers at 30, 45, and 60 days after planting, filled grain, yield potential, rice yield, duck weight, number of snails, but had no significant effect on the plant biomass (dry weight) parameters, panicles number, panicles length, empty grain weight, and 1000 grain weight and was able to suppress weed populations accurately.
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Machin, Karen L., and Nigel A. Caulkett. "Cardiopulmonary effects of propofol and a medetomidine-midazolam-ketamine combination in mallard ducks." American Journal of Veterinary Research 59, no. 5 (May 1, 1998): 598–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.2460/ajvr.1998.59.5.598.
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Abstract Objective To compare safety of propofol with a medetomidine-midazolam-ketamine (MMK) combination as an anesthetic agent in mallard ducks. Animals 12 healthy adult female mallard ducks. Procedure Each duck was anesthetized twice in a crossover study design with 5 days between randomized treatments. Ducks were given medetomidine (50 μg), midazolam (2 mg), and ketamine (10 mg) in combination, IV, or propofol (10 mg, IV, followed by 1- to 4-mg boluses). Systolic, diastolic, and mean arterial pressures, heart and respiratory rates, and esophageal temperature were recorded before anesthesia and every 5 minutes after induction for 30 minutes, and at 5 minutes after reversal with atipamezole (250 μg) and flumazenil (25 μg; MMK group) or last bolus (propofol group). Arterial blood samples from 8 ducks were collected before anesthesia, 5, 10, 15, 30 minutes after induction, and after reversal or last bolus. Results 8 ducks survived the MMK anesthesia; 1 duck died and 3 ducks required resuscitation to prevent death. All ducks survived propofol anesthesia. Ducks anesthetized with either anesthetic agent had a significant increase in arterial carbon dioxide tension and decrease in arterial oxygen tension, arterial pH, and esophageal temperature. Ducks given MMK had a decrease in mean arterial pressure and respiratory rate, whereas ducks given propofol had an increase in respiratory rate. Rapid reversal of the effects of MMK was achieved with atipamezole and flumazenil. All physiologic variables, except esophageal temperature in the propofol group, returned to approximate baseline values after reversal or last bolus. Conclusions The MMK combination is unsafe for use in ducks. Ducks can be anesthetized safely with propofol but should be monitored and ventilated artificially. (Am J Vet Res 1998;59:598–602)
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Kokoszyński, Dariusz, Joanna Żochowska-Kujawska, Marek Kotowicz, Grzegorz Skoneczny, Svitlana Kostenko, Karol Włodarczyk, Kamil Stęczny, Mohamed Saleh, and Marcin Wegner. "The Composition of the Carcass, Physicochemical Properties, Texture and Microstructure of the Meat of D11 Dworka and P9 Pekin Ducks." Animals 12, no. 13 (July 2, 2022): 1714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani12131714.
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The aim of the study was to determine the effects of genotype and sex on carcass composition and selected meat quality parameters of Dworka and Pekin ducks after two reproductive seasons. The research material consisted of 24 carcasses of Dworka ducks (breeding strain D11) and 24 carcasses of Pekin ducks from the herd of genetic resources (French Pekin, strain P-9). After cooling the carcasses (18 h, 2 °C), the pH values and electrical conductivity of the pectoral and leg muscles were determined, and then the carcass was dissected using a simplified method. After dissection, the pectoral and leg muscles were sampled for quality characteristics assessment. The Dworka ducks from breeding strain D11 compared to Pekin duck from conservative strain P9 were characterized by significantly (p < 0.05) higher carcass weight, protein and salt content, thermal drip, yellowness, thickness of perymisium and endomysium and lower water content of the pectoral muscle. Dworka ducks were also characterized by higher protein, salt and collagen content and higher electrical conductivity (EC24) of leg muscles than Pekin ducks. Regardless of genotype, male ducks had a higher gutted carcass weight with neck, salt content, muscle fiber cross-sectional area, fiber perimeter and diameters of pectoral muscle, and also higher protein and collagen, and lower fat content, pH24 and electrical conductivity of leg muscles. The genotype by sex interaction was significant (p < 0.05) for water, protein, fat content, perimisium thickness, cohesiveness, springiness of the pectoral major muscle, and for water content and protein of the leg muscles. The results obtained in this study demonstrate the effects of genotype and sex on the nutritional value and some technological parameters of duck meat. The studied ducks after two reproductive seasons satisfactorily meet the requirements of duck meat for consumers and duck meat processing plants.
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Kingsford, RT, J. Flanjack, and S. Black. "Lead Shot and Ducks on Lake Cowal." Wildlife Research 16, no. 2 (1989): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr9890167.
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We determined the amount of lead shot left after shooting, in the sediment and also the occurrence of lead shot in the gizzards of waterfowl shot at Lake Cowal. We also investigated levels of lead in livers. Livers and gizzards of 342 ducks, Pacific black duck (96), grey teal (122), maned duck (102), pink-eared duck (15) and Australasian shoveler (7), were collected during the 1987 duck shooting season. Few birds had ingested shot (1.5%). Black ducks had more grit, the size of shot, in their gizzards than did grey teal or maned duck. Total grit contents in the gizzards were of a similar weight for black duck and maned ducks but less for grey teal. Two ducks had lead levels in the liver indicative of lead poisoning (>6 ppm) wet weight. Lead levels in the liver were generally low, 0.32 � 0.76 ppm (mean + s.d.). There were no differences between species or sexes in levels of lead in livers. There was also no difference between lead levels of ducks shot on opening day compared to those shot 4 weeks later. Crude density estimates, extrapolated from 77 samples of sediment (800 cm2), averaged 16 000 shot per hectare for areas close to where hunters camped. Crude density, extrapolated from 100 samples, was 3400 shot per hectare for areas of low hunter density.