Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dual scale

Academic literature on the topic 'Dual scale'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 24 January 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Dual scale"

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MASUDA, Sachiko, and Hirohisa NOGUCHI. "Dual-scale Meshfree Method." Proceedings of The Computational Mechanics Conference 2003.16 (2003): 953–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecmd.2003.16.953.

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Marsden, Gary C., Ashok V. Krishnamoorthy, Sadik C. Esener, and Sing H. Lee. "Dual-scale topology optoelectronic processor." Optics Letters 16, no. 24 (December 15, 1991): 1970. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.16.001970.

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Wang, Ju, Ziheng Cai, Jinlong Yu, Hao Luo, and Chuang Ma. "Nanometer-scale displacement measurement based on an orthogonal dual Michelson interferometer." Chinese Optics Letters 21, no. 10 (2023): 101201. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202321.101201.

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Sun, Qiyu. "Local dual and poly-scale refinability." Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society 133, no. 4 (October 14, 2004): 1175–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1090/s0002-9939-04-07622-1.

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Zhang, Xiaosheng, Qianli Di, Fuyun Zhu, Guangyi Sun, and Haixia Zhang. "Superhydrophobic Micro/Nano Dual-Scale Structures." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 13, no. 2 (February 1, 2013): 1539–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2013.5986.

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Srivastava, Sunita, Zaibudeen A. Wahith, Oleg Gang, Carlos E. Colosqui, and Surita R. Bhatia. "Dual‐Scale Nanostructures via Evaporative Assembly." Advanced Materials Interfaces 7, no. 7 (April 2020): 1901954. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/admi.201901954.

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Li, Shaolin, Xiuhua Guo, Shengli Zhang, Jiang Feng, Kexing Song, and Shuhua Liang. "Arc erosion behavior of TiB2/Cu composites with single-scale and dual-scale TiB2 particles." Nanotechnology Reviews 8, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 619–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ntrev-2019-0054.

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AbstractArc erosion behaviors of TiB2/Cu composites with single-scale and dual-scale TiB2 particles fabricated by powder metallurgy were studied. It was revealed that the dual-scale TiB2/Cu composites had fewer structure defects compared with the single-scale TiB2/Cu composites, and TiB2 particles with different size were uniformly distributed in the copper matrix. When the ratio of 2 μm over 50 μm TiB2 particles is 1:2, the density of TiB2/Cu composite is 98.5% and shows best mechanical and thermal properties. The arc duration and energy of TiB2/Cu composites increase with the increase of electric current in contact material testing. Compared with the single-scale TiB2/Cu composites, the arc erosion of dual-scale TiB2/Cu composite with 2 μm+50 μm (1:2) TiB2 was slighter. The anode bulge area and cathode erosion pit of dual-scale TiB2/Cu composite was smaller. The dual-scale TiB2 particles optimize the microstructure and thermal stability of the composite, which is conducive to alleviating arc erosion. The synergistic effect of different sized TiB2 particles in the matrix improved the arc erosion resistance of TiB2/Cu composite during arcing.
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Shadiqi, Muhammad Abdan, Wildan Rusdaul Ulum, Mirra Noor Milla, and Hamdi Muluk. "EVEN THOUGH WE HAD MANY TRIBES, BUT I AM INDONESIA: VALIDATION OF DUAL IDENTITY SCALE." Jurnal Psikologi 19, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 122–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jp.19.2.122-134.

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Dual identity has an assumption that subordinate group identity (e.g., ethnic and tribe identity) and superordinate group identity (e.g., national identity) can be simultaneously activated. The dual identity concept is important to examine in Indonesia as the country of thousands of tribes. As an initial step, we should adapt and evaluate a dual identity scale so that later it will become a catalyst for future study on the exploration of the association of dual identity and other factors. This study aims to adapt and evaluate the dual identity scale on the Indonesian sample. We tested the measurement through two collecting data, with 775 of total participants (data 1= 338 participants and data 2= 473 participants). The data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). We found that the dual identity scale had a good fit model and had satisfactory validity and reliability. The validity and reliability of data 2 are better than data 1. In the data 2, each item of items used ‘tribe’ as a form of subordinate identity to replace ‘ethnic’ in the measurement of the data 1. In data 1, this scale had a significant correlation with ethnic and national identity. The result of EFA and CFA proved that the scale is unidimensional (having one factor) and robust to use in the Indonesian sample. The study also found that the use of ‘tribe’ can explain subordinate identity better than "ethnic" on the scale. This study contributes to a practical implication for using the dual identity scale in Indonesia.
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Salminen, Alec T., Jingkai Zhang, Gregory R. Madejski, Tejas S. Khire, Richard E. Waugh, James L. McGrath, and Thomas R. Gaborski. "Dual-Scale Nanomembranes: Ultrathin Dual-Scale Nano- and Microporous Membranes for Vascular Transmigration Models (Small 6/2019)." Small 15, no. 6 (February 2019): 1970035. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201970035.

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Amelino-Camelia, Giovanni, Leonardo Barcaroli, Stefano Bianco, and Laura Pensato. "Planck-Scale Dual-Curvature Lensing and Spacetime Noncommutativity." Advances in High Energy Physics 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6075920.

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It was recently realized that Planck-scale momentum-space curvature, which is expected in some approaches to the quantum-gravity problem, can produce dual-curvature lensing, a feature which mainly affects the direction of observation of particles emitted by very distant sources. Several gray areas remain in our understanding of dual-curvature lensing, including the possibility that it might be just a coordinate artifact and the possibility that it might be in some sense a by-product of the better studied dual-curvature redshift. We stress that data reported by the IceCube neutrino telescope should motivate a more vigorous effort of investigation of dual-curvature lensing, and we observe that studies of the recently proposed “ρ-Minkowski noncommutative spacetime” could be valuable from this perspective. Through a dedicated ρ-Minkowski analysis, we show that dual-curvature lensing is not merely a coordinate artifact and that it can be present even in theories without dual-curvature redshift.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dual scale"

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Model, Eric. "Creation and validation of the dual motivation profile scale." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2005. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0010101.

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Tahir, Mohammad Waseem. "Dual Scale Porosity and Interlaminar Properties of Composite Materials." Doctoral thesis, KTH, Lättkonstruktioner, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-145718.

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In the strive towards reduced fuel consumption and lower emissions, low structural weight is becoming a key factor in the design of advanced vehicle and aerospace structures. Whereas most traditional construction materials are seemingly reaching their limitations, composite materials with their high specific properties offer possibilities to further reduce weight. In high demand structural applications, the quality of the composite material is of utmost importance, requiring the material to be void free and the matrix well distributed as a binder for the load carrying reinforcement. To achieve proper wetting of the fibres, knowledge of the flow resistance of the porous fibre reinforcement is required. It is normally expressed in terms of permeability. Fibre reinforcements in composite materials are normally regarded as a heterogeneous porous media since both fabric and tows are porous but at different length scales. In order to numerically compute the permeability of such media, one of following two approaches can be used. Either filaments are added one-by-one into the modelled geometry (resolved model) or the tows are considered as porous homogenised media. In the latter case expression for the intra-tow permeability is needed. In this thesis, a porous homogenised tow model is benchmarked with a resolved model to the level of refinement possible without being too expensive computationally. Based on this approach, the permeability of complex three- dimensional (3D) textiles is computed utilizing computational fluid dynamics (CFD) analysis. The effect of inter- and intra-tow porosity on the overall permeability of 2D and 3D structures is analysed and discussed in relation to contradictions found in past studies. A clearer picture of the problem is presented, which will be helpful in future modelling and understanding of the permeability of complex structures. In an experimental study, the overall fibre volume fraction as well as the tow compaction are varied and their influence on the permeability is measured. Experimental studies show good agreement with numerical simulations. The interlaminar shear strength of thermoplastic composite materials is studied and the influence of specimen size is examined. Using finite element (FE) analysis it is shown that size effects may be partly due to statistical effects and partly due to the higher number of composite layers in thicker specimens. The effect of processing on the interlaminar delamination toughness of car-bon/polyamide 12 (C/PA12) is studied. It is observed that processing conditions have vital effect on the interlaminar delamination of thermoplastic composites. The mode I crack energy release rate (GIc) of C/PA12 is found to be 15 times higher than for conventional thermoset based composites and 1.5 times higher than for a thermoset composite with stitched reinforcement through the thickness. The best performing C/PA12 composite is manufactured in a hydraulic press equipped with a cold tool, thereby showing potential for both cost and time efficient manufacturing.

QC 20150602

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Marcia, Roummel F. "Primal-dual interior-point methods for large-scale optimization /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 2002. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3044769.

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Gowers, Richard. "Developing dual-scale models for structured liquids and polymeric materials." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/developing-dualscale-models-for-structured-liquids-and-polymeric-materials(edfe6991-79de-45a9-84e4-9e9dfb68faa4).html.

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Computer simulation techniques for exploring the microscopic world are quickly gaining popularity as a tool to complement theoretical and experimental approaches. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations allow the motion of an N–body soft matter system to be solved using a classical mechanics description. The scope of these simulations are however limited by the available computational power, requiring the development of multiscale methods to make better use of available resources. Dual scale models are a novel form of molecular model which simultaneously feature particles at two levels of resolution. This allows a combination of atomistic and coarse-grained (CG) force fields to be used to describe the interactions between particles. By using this approach, targeted details in a molecule can be described at high resolution while other areas are treated with fewer degrees of freedom. This approach aims to allow for simulating the key features of a system at a reduced computational cost. In this thesis, two generations of a methodology for constructing dual scale models are presented and applied to various materials including polyamide, polyethene, polystyrene and octanol. Alongside a variety of well known atomistic force fields, these models all use iterative Boltzmann inversion (IBI) force fields to describe the CG interactions. In addition the algorithms and data structures for implementing dual scale MD are detailed, and expanded to include a multiple time step (MTS) scheme for optimising its peformance. Overall the IBI and atomistic force fields were compatible with each other and able to correctly reproduce the expected structural results. The first generation methodology featured bonds directly between atoms and beads, however these did not produce the correct structures. The second generation used only atomistic resolution bonds and this improved the intramolecular structures greatly for a relatively minor cost. In both the polyamide and octanol systems studied, the models were also able to properly describe the hydrogen bonding. For the CG half of the force field, it was possible to either use preexisting force field parameters or develop new parameters in situ. The resulting dynamical behaviour of the models was unpredictable and remains an open question both for CG and dual scale models. The theoretical performance of these models is faster than the atomistic counterpart because of the reduced number of pairwise interactions that must be calculated and this scaling was seen with the proposed reference implementation. The MTS scheme was successful in improving the performance with no effects on the quality of results. In summary this work has shown that dual scale models are able to correctly reproduce the structural behaviour of atomistic models at a reduced computational cost. With further steps towards making these models more accessible, they will become an exciting new option for many types of simulation.
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Balakrishnan, Anantaram, Thomas L. Magnanti, and Richard T. Wong. "A Dual Ascent Procedure for Large Scale Uncapacitated Network Design." Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Operations Research Center, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/5072.

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The fixed-charge network design problem arises in a variety of problem contexts including transportation, communication, and production scheduling.We develop a family of dual ascent algorithms for this problem. This approach generalizes known ascent procedures for solving shortest path, plant location,Steiner network and directed spanning tree problems. Our computational results for several classes of test problems with up to 500 integer and 1.98 million continuous variables and constraints shows that the dual ascent procedure and an associated drop-add heuristic generates solutions that, in almost all cases, are guaranteed to be within 1 to 3 percent of optimality. Moreover, the procedure requires no more than 150 seconds on an IBM 3083 computer. The test problems correspond to dense and sparse networks,including some models arising in freight transport.
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Tiziani, Cristina. "Processing and mechanical behaviour of dual scale particle strengthened copper." Tönning Lübeck Marburg Der Andere Verl, 2007. http://d-nb.info/986924059/04.

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Carr, Elliot Joseph. "Exponential integrators and a dual-scale model for wood drying." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2012. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/58742/1/Elliot_Carr_Thesis.pdf.

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For the timber industry, the ability to simulate the drying of wood is invaluable for manufacturing high quality wood products. Mathematically, however, modelling the drying of a wet porous material, such as wood, is a diffcult task due to its heterogeneous and anisotropic nature, and the complex geometry of the underlying pore structure. The well{ developed macroscopic modelling approach involves writing down classical conservation equations at a length scale where physical quantities (e.g., porosity) can be interpreted as averaged values over a small volume (typically containing hundreds or thousands of pores). This averaging procedure produces balance equations that resemble those of a continuum with the exception that effective coeffcients appear in their deffnitions. Exponential integrators are numerical schemes for initial value problems involving a system of ordinary differential equations. These methods differ from popular Newton{Krylov implicit methods (i.e., those based on the backward differentiation formulae (BDF)) in that they do not require the solution of a system of nonlinear equations at each time step but rather they require computation of matrix{vector products involving the exponential of the Jacobian matrix. Although originally appearing in the 1960s, exponential integrators have recently experienced a resurgence in interest due to a greater undertaking of research in Krylov subspace methods for matrix function approximation. One of the simplest examples of an exponential integrator is the exponential Euler method (EEM), which requires, at each time step, approximation of φ(A)b, where φ(z) = (ez - 1)/z, A E Rnxn and b E Rn. For drying in porous media, the most comprehensive macroscopic formulation is TransPore [Perre and Turner, Chem. Eng. J., 86: 117-131, 2002], which features three coupled, nonlinear partial differential equations. The focus of the first part of this thesis is the use of the exponential Euler method (EEM) for performing the time integration of the macroscopic set of equations featured in TransPore. In particular, a new variable{ stepsize algorithm for EEM is presented within a Krylov subspace framework, which allows control of the error during the integration process. The performance of the new algorithm highlights the great potential of exponential integrators not only for drying applications but across all disciplines of transport phenomena. For example, when applied to well{ known benchmark problems involving single{phase liquid ow in heterogeneous soils, the proposed algorithm requires half the number of function evaluations than that required for an equivalent (sophisticated) Newton{Krylov BDF implementation. Furthermore for all drying configurations tested, the new algorithm always produces, in less computational time, a solution of higher accuracy than the existing backward Euler module featured in TransPore. Some new results relating to Krylov subspace approximation of '(A)b are also developed in this thesis. Most notably, an alternative derivation of the approximation error estimate of Hochbruck, Lubich and Selhofer [SIAM J. Sci. Comput., 19(5): 1552{1574, 1998] is provided, which reveals why it performs well in the error control procedure. Two of the main drawbacks of the macroscopic approach outlined above include the effective coefficients must be supplied to the model, and it fails for some drying configurations, where typical dual{scale mechanisms occur. In the second part of this thesis, a new dual{scale approach for simulating wood drying is proposed that couples the porous medium (macroscale) with the underlying pore structure (microscale). The proposed model is applied to the convective drying of softwood at low temperatures and is valid in the so{called hygroscopic range, where hygroscopically held liquid water is present in the solid phase and water exits only as vapour in the pores. Coupling between scales is achieved by imposing the macroscopic gradient on the microscopic field using suitably defined periodic boundary conditions, which allows the macroscopic ux to be defined as an average of the microscopic ux over the unit cell. This formulation provides a first step for moving from the macroscopic formulation featured in TransPore to a comprehensive dual{scale formulation capable of addressing any drying configuration. Simulation results reported for a sample of spruce highlight the potential and flexibility of the new dual{scale approach. In particular, for a given unit cell configuration it is not necessary to supply the effective coefficients prior to each simulation.
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Hassard, Patrick. "Dual-scale modelling of two-dimensional flow in porous media." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2021. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/211518/1/Patrick_Hassard_Thesis.pdf.

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The standard approach to modelling fluid flow through a porous medium was developed decades ago, when computational resources were insufficient to feasibly simulate the flow directly. In this thesis, the feasibility of such flow simulation with modern computing power is demonstrated via the development of three accurate and efficient dual-scale models of porous media flow. An important outcome of the research is that the new dual-scale modelling framework accurately and efficiently simulates flows with a range of Reynolds numbers through a variety of heterogeneous porous media.
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Neacsu, Valentin. "Modeling and measurement of micro flow in dual scale porous media." Access to citation, abstract and download form provided by ProQuest Information and Learning Company; downloadable PDF file, 280 p, 2010. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1998445961&sid=7&Fmt=2&clientId=8331&RQT=309&VName=PQD.

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Wright, Stephen E. "Convergence and approximation for primal-dual methods in large-scale optimization /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/5751.

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Books on the topic "Dual scale"

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Spectral analysis, differential equations, and mathematical physics: A festschrift in honor of Fritz Gesztesy's 60th birthday. Providence, Rhode Island: American Mathematical Society, 2013.

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Henderson, Kathryn I., and Deborah K. Palmer. Dual Language Bilingual Education: Teacher Cases and Perspectives on Large-Scale Implementation. Multilingual Matters, 2020.

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Henderson, Kathryn I., and Deborah K. Palmer. Dual Language Bilingual Education: Teacher Cases and Perspectives on Large-Scale Implementation. Multilingual Matters, 2020.

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Henderson, Kathryn I., and Deborah K. Palmer. Dual Language Bilingual Education: Teacher Cases and Perspectives on Large-Scale Implementation. Multilingual Matters, 2020.

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Henderson, Kathryn I., and Deborah K. Palmer. Dual Language Bilingual Education: Teacher Cases and Perspectives on Large-Scale Implementation. Multilingual Matters, 2020.

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Henderson, Kathryn I., and Deborah K. Palmer. Dual Language Bilingual Education: Teacher Cases and Perspectives on Large-Scale Implementation. Multilingual Matters, 2020.

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Dual Flow Reference Nozzles for Verification of Sub-Scale Thrust and Airflow Test Rigs: Dual Separate Flow Reference (DSFR) and Dual Mixed Flow Reference (DMFR) (AIAA R-146-2020). 12700 Sunrise Valley Drive, Reston, VA 20191: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Inc., 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/4.105975.

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McCarthy, Karen V. Manorhill Centre recreation need survey: An analysis of a "dual use" survey and a critique of small scale surveymethod. 1986.

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Silva, Elvira, Spiro E. Stefanou, and Alfons Oude Lansink. Dynamic Efficiency and Productivity Measurement. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190919474.001.0001.

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The book takes on a systematic treatment of dynamic decision making and performance measurement. The analytical foundations of the dynamic production technology are introduced and developed in detail for several primal representations of the technology with an emphasis on dynamic directional distance functions. Dynamic cost minimization and dynamic profit maximization are developed for primal and dual representations of the dynamic technology. A dynamic production environment can be characterized as one where current production decisions impact future production possibilities. Consequently, the dynamic perspective of production relationships necessarily involves the close interplay between stock and flow elements in the transformation process and how current decisions impact the changes in future stocks. Stock elements in the production transformation process can involve physical elements that can be effectively employed in the transformation process, which can include the stock of technical knowledge and expertise available to the decision maker during the decision period. The dynamic generalization of concepts measuring the production structure (e.g., economies of scale, economies of scope, capacity utilization) and performance (e.g., allocative, scale and technical inefficiency, productivity) are developed from primal and dual perspectives. As an important source of productivity growth, production efficiency analysis is the subject of countless studies. Yet, theoretical and empirical studies focusing on production efficiency have ignored typically the time interdependence of production decisions and the adjustment paths of the firm over time. The empirical implementation of these production and performance measures is developed at length for both nonparametric and econometric approaches.
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Sawada, Osamu. Comparison with an indeterminate pronoun. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198714224.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 focuses on the dual-use phenomenon of comparison with an indeterminate pronoun in Japanese (and other languages) and considers the similarities and differences between at-issue comparative meaning (i.e. individual comparison) and a CI comparative meaning (i.e. noteworthy comparison). Although an individual comparison and a noteworthy comparison are compositionally and dimensionally different, there is a striking parallelism in terms of the scale structure. The chapter explains the similarities and differences between the two kinds of comparison in a systematic way. It also considers the role of scalarity and comparison in a discourse context and argues that they provide a way of signaling to what extent an at-issue utterance contributes to the goal of the conversation. The timing of signaling information on noteworthiness in a discourse and its pragmatic effect are also discussed.
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Book chapters on the topic "Dual scale"

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Filatov, Nikolai M., and Heinz Unbehauen. "12. APPLICATION OF DUAL CONTROLLERS TO A LABORATORY SCALE VERTICAL TAKE-OFF AIRPLANE." In Adaptive Dual Control, 135–47. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-39994-0_12.

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Sagar, Abhinav. "DMSANet: Dual Multi Scale Attention Network." In Image Analysis and Processing – ICIAP 2022, 633–45. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-06427-2_53.

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Latafat, Puya, and Panagiotis Patrinos. "Primal-Dual Proximal Algorithms for Structured Convex Optimization: A Unifying Framework." In Large-Scale and Distributed Optimization, 97–120. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97478-1_5.

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Luke, D. Russell, and Yura Malitsky. "Block-Coordinate Primal-Dual Method for Nonsmooth Minimization over Linear Constraints." In Large-Scale and Distributed Optimization, 121–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-97478-1_6.

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Baryamureeba, Venansius, and Trond Steihaug. "On the Convergence of an Inexact Primal-Dual Interior Point Method for Linear Programming." In Large-Scale Scientific Computing, 629–37. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/11666806_72.

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Génin, Chloé, Dirk Schneider, and Ralf Stark. "Dual-Bell Nozzle Design." In Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics and Multidisciplinary Design, 395–406. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-53847-7_25.

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Abstract The dual-bell nozzle is an altitude adaptive nozzle concept that offers two operation modes. In the framework of the German Research Foundation Special Research Field SFB TRR40, the last twelve years have been dedicated to study the dual-bell nozzle characteristics, both experimentally and numerically. The obtained understanding on nozzle contour and inflection design, transition behavior and transition prediction enabled various follow-ups like a wind tunnel study on the dual-bell wake flow, a shock generator study on a film cooled wall inflection or, in higher scale, the hot firing test of a thrust chamber featuring a film cooled dual-bell nozzle. A parametrical system study revealed the influence of the nozzle geometry on the flow behavior and the resulting launcher performance increase.
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Hoppe, Ronald H. W., Christopher Linsenmann, and Harbir Antil. "Adaptive Path Following Primal Dual Interior Point Methods for Shape Optimization of Linear and Nonlinear Stokes Flow Problems." In Large-Scale Scientific Computing, 259–66. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-78827-0_28.

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Ye, Zhen, Yubin Wu, Shuai Wang, Yang Zhang, Yanbing Chen, Wei Ke, and Hao Sheng. "A Dual Scale Matching Model for Long-Term Association." In Wireless Algorithms, Systems, and Applications, 653–65. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-59016-1_54.

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Lootsma, F. A. "Dual Methods for Large-scale, Partially-separable Nonlinear Optimization." In Discretization Methods and Structural Optimization — Procedures and Applications, 229–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83707-4_29.

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Shen, Jialie, HweeHwa Pang, Dacheng Tao, and Xuelong Li. "Dual Phase Learning for Large Scale Video Gait Recognition." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 500–510. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-11301-7_50.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dual scale"

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Grimm, Johannes, and Lynn Burroughs. "Dual-scale interpolation." In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 2013. Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/segam2013-0144.1.

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Marsden, Gary C., Ashok Krishnamoorthy, Sadik Esener, and Sing H. Lee. "Dual-scale topology optoelectronic processor." In OSA Annual Meeting. Washington, D.C.: Optica Publishing Group, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oam.1990.tujj2.

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D-STOP is a parallel, scalable, fully connected optoelectronic computing architecture suitable for applications in interconnection networks, numerical processing, neural networks, and artificial intelligence. The architecture consists of an array of N optoelectronic processing elements arranged in a 2-D topology. Each processing element consists of N electronic processing sub-units having detectors. These detector sub-units are electronically connected by an H-tree interconnection. At each node of the H-tree are additional fan-in processing sub-units. At the center of the H-tree is a single processing sub-unit having an optical modulator. Fully connected interprocessor communication is achieved through space-invariant optical interconnections, leading to a scalable architecture. The architecture can be used to perform outer product and inner product operations. Since all mathematical operations are performed electronically, the products can be generalized. Additional processing is available during fan-in, generalizing the conventional summation of inner products. This feature is particularly useful in neural network applications, including backpropagation networks. The key to the architecture is the dual scale of processing: detector and fan-in sub-units at the lower level and composite processing elements at the higher level. We will present the architecture, its functionality, applications, and optoelectronic design considerations.
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Xudong Liu, Xiaoxuan Ma, Jun Han, and Xuelian Lin. "A dual scale heterogeneous organizational network model." In 2007 International Conference on Parallel and Distributed Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icpads.2007.4447760.

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Thibeau, S. "Dual Scale Simulations: A Tool for Pseudoisation." In European Petroleum Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/36929-ms.

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Innocenti, M., L. Greco, and L. Pollini. "Stability issues in dual time scale systems." In Proceedings of 2002 American Control Conference. IEEE, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/acc.2002.1024540.

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Todd, Malcolm John, Adam Justin Savin, and Kenneth Stuart Sorbie. "Dual Chelant Mechanism for the Deployment of Scale Inhibitors in Controlled Solubility/Precipitation Treatments." In SPE International Conference on Oilfield Scale. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/152870-ms.

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Bao, Feng, Nurgun Erdol, and Zajing Chen. "Scale-translation filtering for wideband correlated noise attenuation." In SPIE's 1995 Symposium on OE/Aerospace Sensing and Dual Use Photonics, edited by Harold H. Szu. SPIE, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.205428.

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Razafindraibe, A., P. Maurine, M. Robert, and M. Renaudin. "Security evaluation of dual rail logic against DPA attacks." In 2006 IFIP International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsisoc.2006.313230.

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Yu, Rui, Jian Wang, Sizhuo Ma, Sharon X. Huang, Gurunandan Krishnan, and Yicheng Wu. "Be Real in Scale: Swing for True Scale in Dual Camera Mode." In 2023 IEEE International Symposium on Mixed and Augmented Reality (ISMAR). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ismar59233.2023.00140.

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Razafindraibe, A., M. Robert, and P. Maurine. "Improvement of dual rail logic as a countermeasure against DPA." In 2007 IFIP International Conference on Very Large Scale Integration. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vlsisoc.2007.4402510.

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Reports on the topic "Dual scale"

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Y. Zhang, H. Liu, Q. Zhou, and S. Finsterle. HOW DUAL-SCALE DIFFUSIVE PROPERTY HETEROGENEITY AFFECTS EFFECTIVE MATRIX DIFFUSION COEFFICIENT IN FRACTURED ROCK. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/884925.

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Dhakal, Tilak Raj. Multi-scale calculation based on dual domain material point method combined with molecular dynamics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), February 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1345173.

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Robinson, W. Full-scale evaluation of multi-axial geogrids in road applications. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/43549.

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The U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center (ERDC) constructed a full-scale unsurfaced test section to evaluate the performance of two prototype geogrids, referred to as NX950 and NX750, in road applications. The test section consisted of a 10-in.-thick crushed aggregate surface layer placed over a very weak 2 California Bearing Ratio (CBR) clay subgrade. Simulated truck traffic was applied using one of ERDC’s specially designed load carts outfitted with a single-axle dual wheel truck gear. Rutting performance and instrumentation response data were monitored at multiple traffic intervals. It was found that the prototype geogrids improved rutting performance when compared to the unstabilized test item, and that the test item containing NX950 had the best rutting performance. Further, instrumentation response data indicated that the geogrids reduced measured pressure and deflection near the surface of the subgrade layer. Pressure response data in the aggregate layer suggested that the geogrids redistributed applied pressure higher in the aggregate layer, effectively changing the measured stress profile with an increase in pavement depth.
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Robinson, W., Jeremiah Stache, Jeb Tingle, Carlos Gonzalez, Anastasios Ioannides, and James Rushing. Naval expeditionary runway construction criteria : P-8 Poseidon pavement requirements. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), April 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/46857.

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A full-scale airfield pavement test section was constructed and trafficked by the US Army Engineer Research and Development Center to determine minimum rigid and flexible pavement thickness requirements to support contingency operations of the P-8 Poseidon aircraft. Additionally, airfield damage repair solutions were tested to evaluate the compatibility of those solutions with the P-8 Poseidon. The test items consisted of various material thickness and strengths to yield a range of operations to failure allowing development of performance predictions at a relatively lower number of design operations than are considered in traditional sustainment pavement design scenarios. Test items were trafficked with a dual-wheel P-8 test gear on a heavy-vehicle simulator. Flexible pavement rutting, rigid pavement cracking and spalling, instrumentation response, and falling-weight deflectometer data were monitored at select traffic intervals. The results of the trafficking tests indicated that existing design predictions were generally overconservative. Thus, minimum pavement layer thickness recommendations were made to support a minimum level of contingency operations. The results of full-scale flexible pavement experiment were utilized to support an analytical modeling effort to extend flexible pavement thickness recommendations beyond those evaluated.
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Tyson. L52337 Weld Design Testing and Assessment Procedures for High Strength Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010448.

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This is the last report of a�c reports detailing the small-scale mechanical testing performed on the trial welds in this consolidated program. This report summarizes and compares the results of all of the mechanical tests applied primarily to welds of rounds 1 and 2, including tensile results and their correlation with microstructure, Charpy test results, conventional (through-thickness-notched) toughness tests, and low-constraint toughness tests. The reports contains a summary of the mechanical properties of the experimental single and dual torch GMAW-P X100 pipe welds prepared for this consolidated program. It summarizes the detailed results reported in Final Reports 277-T-05, 277-T-06 and 277-T-07. The intent of this summary is to provide insight and understanding of the significance of the results and the implications for mechanical testing of weldments to extract properties essential for strain-based design (SBD).
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Honegger, Wijewickreme, and Monroy. L52325 Assessment of Geosynthetic Fabrics to Reduce Soil Loads on Buried Pipelines - Phase I and II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), December 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010398.

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High soil loads on buried pipelines can lead to unacceptably high pipeline strains developed in response to permanent ground displacement. Common causes of permanent ground displacement are related to slope instability as a result of heavy precipitation or ground subsidence. In addition, several permanent ground displacement hazards are related to earthquakes including surface fault displacement, triggered landslide movement, surface ground settlement related to liquefaction, and lateral spread displacement. Result: Four specific areas of investigation were completed: 1.Performed baseline tests in moist sand to confirm minimal difference in horizontal soil restraint between moist and dry sand. 2.Performed tests to gauge the variation in horizontal load reduction with separation between the pipe and an inclined trench wall lined with two layers of geotextile. 3.Performed tests in compacted 19 mm (0.75 in) minus sand and crushed limestone (referred to locally in British Columbia as road mulch) to attempt to provide larger difference between horizontal forces developed with and without lining a trench wall with geotextile. 4.Performed tests to attempt to confirm oblique horizontal-axial soil restraint behavior reported in small-scale tests and centrifuge tests. Benefit: Rather than undertake further physical testing to better understand how the presence of single or dual layers of geotextile fabric changes the mechanisms by which soil restraint develops for horizontal ground displacement, future efforts should focus on numerical simulation preferably using discrete element methods. Until full-scale test data are available to confirm consistent prediction of oblique horizontal-axial soil restraint, the practice of treating horizontal and axial soil springs independently in the analysis of buried pipeline response to ground displacement, as is the current practice, should be maintained.
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Cantor, Amy G., Rebecca M. Jungbauer, Andrea C. Skelly, Erica L. Hart, Katherine Jorda, Cynthia Davis-O'Reilly, Aaron B. Caughey, and Ellen L. Tilden. Respectful Maternity Care: Dissemination and Implementation of Perinatal Safety Culture To Improve Equitable Maternal Healthcare Delivery and Outcomes. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer269.

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Objective. To summarize current research defining and measuring respectful maternity care (RMC) and evaluate the effectiveness of RMC and implementation strategies to improve health outcomes, particularly for populations at risk for health disparities. Data sources. Ovid MEDLINE®, Embase®, and Cochrane CENTRAL from inception to November 2022 and SocINDEX to July 2023; manual review of reference lists and responses to a Federal Register Notice. Review methods. Dual review of eligible abstracts and full-text articles using predefined criteria. Data abstraction and quality assessment dual reviewed using established methods. Systematic evaluation of psychometric studies of RMC tools using adapted criteria. Meta-analysis not conducted due to heterogeneity of studies and limited data. Results. Searches identified 4,043 unique records. Thirty-seven studies were included across all questions, including the Contextual Question (CQ). Twenty-four validation studies (3 observational studies, 21 cross-sectional studies) evaluated 12 tools for measuring RMC. One randomized controlled trial (RCT) evaluated RMC effectiveness. There were no effectiveness trials from settings relevant to clinical practice in the United States and no studies evaluating effectiveness of RMC implementation. For the CQ, 12 studies defined 12 RMC frameworks. Two types of frameworks defined RMC: (1) Disrespect and Abuse (D&A) and (2) Rights-Based. Components of D&A frameworks served as indicators for recognizing mistreatment during childbirth, while Rights-Based frameworks incorporated aspects of reproductive justice, human rights, and anti-racism. Overlapping themes from RMC frameworks included: freedom from abuse, consent, privacy, dignity, communication, safety, and justice. Tools that measured RMC performed well based on psychometric measures, but no single tool stood out as the best measure of RMC. The intrapartum version of the Mother’s Autonomy in Decision-Making (MADM), Mothers On Respect index (MORi), and the Childbirth Options, Information, and Person-Centered Explanation (CHOICES) index for measuring RMC demonstrated good overall validity based on analysis of psychometric properties and were applicable to U.S. populations. The Revised Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ-2) demonstrated good overall validity for measuring childbirth experiences and included RMC components. One fair-quality RCT from Iran demonstrated lower rates of postpartum depression at 6-8 weeks for those who received RMC compared with controls (20% [11/55] vs. 50% [27/54], p=0.001), measured by the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale. No studies evaluated any other health outcomes or measured the effectiveness of RMC implementation strategies. Conclusions. RMC frameworks with overlapping components, themes, and definitions were well described in the literature, but consensus around one operational definition is needed. Validated tools to measure RMC performed well based on psychometric measures but have been subject to limited evaluation. A reliable metric informed by a standard definition could lead to further evaluation and implementation in U.S. settings. Evidence is currently lacking on the effectiveness of strategies to implement RMC to improve any maternal or infant health outcome.
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McDonagh, Marian S., Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Rongwei Fu, Benjamin Morasco, Devan Kansagara, and Roger Chou. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), October 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.

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Objectives. To evaluate the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases, reference lists of included studies, submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to July 2021. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence. Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as high-THC to CBD ratio, comparable THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or synthetic. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square and the I2 test for inconsistency. Magnitude of benefit was categorized into no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 2,850 abstracts, 20 RCTs (N=1,776) and 7 observational studies (N=13,095) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none of kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 75 percent enrolled patients with a variety of neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The strength of evidence (SOE) was low, unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=28%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=24%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 30% vs. 8%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 22% vs. 16%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.20 to 2.78, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=39%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=0%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12% vs. 6%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=0%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34). We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=50%; SOE: moderate). Evidence on whole-plant cannabis, topical CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) and study withdrawal due to adverse events with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products in short-term treatment (1 to 6 months). Evidence for whole-plant cannabis, and other comparisons, outcomes, and PBCs were unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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Chou, Roger, Jesse Wagner, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Benjamin J. Morasco, Devan Kansagara, Shelley Selph, Rebecca Holmes, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for iii Chronic Pain: 2022 Update. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250update2022.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to April 4, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From 3,283 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 8 observational studies (N=13,769) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 59 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in change in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high- and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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10

Chou, Roger, Azrah Y. Ahmed, Christina Bougatsos, Benjamin J. Morasco, Rebecca Holmes, Terran Gilbreath, and Rongwei Fu. Living Systematic Review on Cannabis and Other Plant-Based Treatments for Chronic Pain: 2022 Update—Surveillance Report 2. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.23970/ahrqepccer250.2022updatesr2.

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Objectives. To update the evidence on benefits and harms of cannabinoids and similar plant-based compounds to treat chronic pain using a living systematic review approach. Data sources. Ovid® MEDLINE®, PsycINFO®, Embase®, the Cochrane Library, and SCOPUS® databases; reference lists of included studies; and submissions received after Federal Register request were searched to October 24, 2022. Review methods. Using dual review, we screened search results for randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies of patients with chronic pain evaluating cannabis, kratom, and similar compounds with any comparison group and at least 1 month of treatment or followup. Dual review was used to abstract study data, assess study-level risk of bias, and rate the strength of evidence (SOE). Prioritized outcomes included pain, overall function, and adverse events. We grouped studies that assessed tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and/or cannabidiol (CBD) based on their THC to CBD ratio and categorized them as comparable THC to CBD ratio, high-THC to CBD ratio, and low-THC to CBD ratio. We also grouped studies by whether the product was a whole-plant product (cannabis), cannabinoids extracted or purified from a whole plant, or a synthetic product. We conducted meta-analyses using the profile likelihood random effects model and assessed between-study heterogeneity using Cochran’s Q statistic chi square test and the I2 statistic. Magnitude of benefit was categorized as no effect or small, moderate, and large effects. Results. From a total of 3,568 abstracts, 21 RCTs (N=1,905) and 9 observational studies (N=15,079) assessing different cannabinoids were included; none evaluated kratom. Studies were primarily short term, and 60 percent enrolled patients with neuropathic pain. Comparators were primarily placebo or usual care. The SOE was low unless otherwise noted. Compared with placebo, comparable THC to CBD ratio oral spray was associated with a small benefit in pain severity (7 RCTs, N=632, 0 to 10 scale, mean difference [MD] −0.54, 95% confidence interval [CI] −0.95 to −0.19, I2=39%; SOE: moderate) and overall function (6 RCTs, N=616, 0 to 10 scale, MD −0.42, 95% CI −0.73 to −0.16, I2=32%). There was no effect on study withdrawals due to adverse events. There was a large increased risk of dizziness and sedation, and a moderate increased risk of nausea (dizziness: 6 RCTs, N=866, 31.0% vs. 8.0%, relative risk [RR] 3.57, 95% CI 2.42 to 5.60, I2=0%; sedation: 6 RCTs, N=866, 8.0% vs. 1.2%, RR 5.04, 95% CI 2.10 to 11.89, I2=0%; and nausea: 6 RCTs, N=866, 13% vs. 7.5%, RR 1.79, 95% CI 1.19 to 2.77, I2=0%). Synthetic products with high-THC to CBD ratios were associated with a moderate improvement in pain severity, a moderate increase in sedation, and a large increase in nausea (pain: 6 RCTs, N=390, 0 to 10 scale, MD −1.15, 95% CI −1.99 to −0.54, I2=48%; sedation: 3 RCTs, N=335, 19% vs. 10%, RR 1.73, 95% CI 1.03 to 4.63, I2=28%; nausea: 2 RCTs, N=302, 12.3% vs. 6.1%, RR 2.19, 95% CI 0.77 to 5.39; I²=0%). We also found moderate SOE for a large increased risk of dizziness (2 RCTs, 32% vs. 11%, RR 2.74, 95% CI 1.47 to 6.86, I2=40%). Extracted whole-plant products with high-THC to CBD ratios (oral) were associated with a large increased risk of study withdrawal due to adverse events (1 RCT, 13.9% vs. 5.7%, RR 3.12, 95% CI 1.54 to 6.33) and dizziness (1 RCT, 62.2% vs. 7.5%, RR 8.34, 95% CI 4.53 to 15.34); outcomes assessing benefit were not reported or insufficient. We observed a moderate improvement in pain severity when combining all studies of high-THC to CBD ratio (8 RCTs, N=684, MD −1.25, 95% CI −2.09 to −0.71, I2=58%; SOE: moderate). Evidence (including observational studies) on whole-plant cannabis, topical or oral CBD, low-THC to CBD, other cannabinoids, comparisons with active products or between cannabis-related products, and impact on use of opioids was insufficient to draw conclusions. Other important harms (psychosis, cannabis use disorder, and cognitive effects) were not reported. Conclusions. Low to moderate strength evidence suggests small to moderate improvements in pain (mostly neuropathic), and moderate to large increases in common adverse events (dizziness, sedation, nausea) with high and comparable THC to CBD ratio extracted cannabinoids and synthetic products during short-term treatment (1 to 6 months); high-THC to CBD ratio products were also associated with increased risk of withdrawal due to adverse events. Evidence for whole-plant cannabis and other comparisons, outcomes, and plant-based compounds was unavailable or insufficient to draw conclusions. Small sample sizes, lack of evidence for moderate and long-term use and other key outcomes, such as other adverse events and impact on use of opioids during treatment, indicate that more research is needed.
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