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Journal articles on the topic 'Dual-Functional Radar Communication'

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Published: 25 May 2024

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1

Liu, Fan, Longfei Zhou, Christos Masouros, Ang Li, Wu Luo, and Athina Petropulu. "Toward Dual-functional Radar-Communication Systems: Optimal Waveform Design." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 66, no. 16 (August 15, 2018): 4264–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2847648.

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Zhang, Zhibo, Qing Chang, Fan Liu, and Shengzhi Yang. "Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Waveform Design: Interference Reduction Versus Exploitation." IEEE Communications Letters 26, no. 1 (January 2022): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2021.3122980.

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3

Valiulahi, Iman, Christos Masouros, Abdelhamid Salem, and Fan Liu. "Antenna Selection for Energy-Efficient Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Systems." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 11, no. 4 (April 2022): 741–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3142043.

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4

Liu, Fan, Christos Masouros, Tharmalingam Ratnarajah, and Athina Petropulu. "On Range Sidelobe Reduction for Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Waveforms." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 9, no. 9 (September 2020): 1572–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.2997959.

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5

Shi, Shengnan, Zhaoyi Wang, Zishu He, and Ziyang Cheng. "Constrained waveform design for dual-functional MIMO radar-Communication system." Signal Processing 171 (June 2020): 107530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2020.107530.

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Li, Ting, Tian Liu, Zhangli Song, Lin Zhang, and Yiming Ma. "Deep Learning-Based Multi-Feature Fusion for Communication and Radar Signal Sensing." Electronics 13, no. 10 (May 10, 2024): 1872. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13101872.

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Recent years witness the rapid development of communication and radar technologies, and many transmitters are equipped with both communication and radar functionalities. To keep track of the working state of a target dual-functional transmitter, it is crucial to sense the modulation mode of the emitted signals. In this paper, we propose a deep learning-based intelligent modulation sensing technique for dual-functional transmitters. Different from existing modulation sensing methods, which usually focus on communication signals, we take both communication and radar signals into consideration. Typically, the dominant features of communication signals lie in the time domain, while those of radar signals lie in both time and frequency domains. To enhance the sensing accuracy, we first exploit real and complex value convolution operations to extract both time-domain and frequency-domain features of emitted signals from the target transmitter. Then, we fuse the extracted features by assigning proper weights with the attention mechanism. Simulation results reveal that the proposed technique can improve the sensing accuracy by up to 4% on average compared with benchmarks.
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Hieu, Nguyen Quang, Dinh Thai Hoang, Nguyen Cong Luong, and Dusit Niyato. "iRDRC: An Intelligent Real-Time Dual-Functional Radar-Communication System for Automotive Vehicles." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters 9, no. 12 (December 2020): 2140–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2020.3014972.

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Wang, Xinyi, Zesong Fei, Zhong Zheng, and Jing Guo. "Joint Waveform Design and Passive Beamforming for RIS-Assisted Dual-Functional Radar-Communication System." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology 70, no. 5 (May 2021): 5131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2021.3075497.

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9

Zhang, Tingxiao, Yongbo Zhao, Donghe Liu, and Jinli Chen. "Interference optimized dual-functional radar-communication waveform design with low PAPR and range sidelobe." Signal Processing 204 (March 2023): 108828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2022.108828.

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Zhao, Yinan, Zhongqing Zhao, Fangqiu Tong, Ping Sun, Xiang Feng, and Zhanfeng Zhao. "Joint Design of Transmitting Waveform and Receiving Filter via Novel Riemannian Idea for DFRC System." Remote Sensing 15, no. 14 (July 14, 2023): 3548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15143548.

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Recently, the problem of target detection in noisy environments for the Dual-Functional Radar Communication (DFRC) integration system has been a hot topic. In this paper, to suppress the noise and further enhance the target detection performance, a novel manifold Riemannian Improved Armijo Search Conjugate Gradient algorithm (RIASCG) framework has been proposed which jointly optimizes the integrated transmitting waveform and receiving filter. Therein, the reference waveform is first designed to achieve excellent pattern matching of radar beamforming. Furthermore, to ensure the quality of system information transmission, the energy of multi-user interference (MUI) of communication signals is incorporated as the constraint. Additionally, the typical similarity constraint is introduced to ensure the transmitting waveform with a good ambiguity function. Finally, simulation results demonstrate that the designed waveform not only enhances the system’s target detection performance in noisy environments but also achieves a relatively good multi-user communication ability when compared with other prevalent waveforms.
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Huang, Chao, Qingsong Zhou, Zhongrui Huang, Zhihui Li, Yibo Xu, and Jianyun Zhang. "Unimodular Waveform Design for the DFRC System with Constrained Communication QoS." Remote Sensing 15, no. 22 (November 13, 2023): 5350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15225350.

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In this study, we investigated two waveform design problems for a dual-functional radar communication (DFRC) system, taking into consideration different constrained communication quality-of-service (QoS) requirements. Our objective was to minimize the mean-square error (MSE) of radar beampattern matching as the cost function. To this end, the multi-user interference (MUI) energy constraint and constructive interference (CI) constraint were, respectively, formulated to ensure the communication QoS. It is important to note that we designed a strict per-user MUI energy constraint at each sampling moment to achieve more accurate control over communication performance. Additionally, we introduced a constant-modulus constraint to optimize the efficiency of the radio frequency (RF) amplifier. To tackle the nonconvex waveform design problems encountered, we employed the alternative direction methods of multipliers (ADMM) technique. This allowed us to decompose the original problem into two solvable subproblems, which were then solved using the majorization–minimization (MM) method and geometrical structure. Finally, we obtained extensive simulation results which demonstrate the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed algorithm.
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12

Yu, Miao, Xiaoyou Yu, Shengyan Zeng, and Qi Yang. "Equal Sinusoidal Division of Array Manifold Matrix Based Direction-of-Arrival Estimation for Dual-functional Radar-communication." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1972, no. 1 (July 1, 2021): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1972/1/012007.

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13

Liu, Yuan, Shengjie Zhao, Fengxia Han, Mengqiu Chai, Hao Jiang, and Hongming Zhang. "Data Collection for Target Localization in Ocean Monitoring Radar-Communication Networks." Remote Sensing 15, no. 21 (October 26, 2023): 5126. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs15215126.

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With the ongoing changes in global climate, ocean data play a crucial role in understanding the complex variations in the earth system. These variations pose significant challenges to human efforts in addressing the changes. As a data hub for the satellite geodetic technique, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) instill new vitality into ocean data collection due to their flexibility and mobility. At the same time, the dual-functional radar-communication (DFRC) system is considered a promising technology to empower ubiquitous communication and high-accuracy localization. In this paper, we explore a new fusion of UAV and DFRC to assist data acquisition in the ocean surveillance scenario. The floating buoys transmit uplink data transmission to the UAV with non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) and attempt to localize the target cooperatively. With the mobility of the UAV and power control at the buoys, the system throughput and the target localization performance can be improved simultaneously. To balance the communication and sensing performance, a two-objective optimization problem is formulated by jointly optimizing the UAV’s location and buoy’s transmit power to maximize the system throughput and minimize the attainable localization mean-square error. We propose a joint communication and radar-sensing many-objective optimization (CRMOP) algorithm to meliorate the communication and radar-sensing performance simultaneously. Simulation results demonstrate that compared with the baseline, the proposed algorithm achieves superior performance in balancing the system throughput and target localization.
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14

Keskin, Musa Furkan, Visa Koivunen, and Henk Wymeersch. "Limited Feedforward Waveform Design for OFDM Dual-Functional Radar-Communications." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 69 (2021): 2955–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2021.3076894.

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15

Valiulahi, Iman, Christos Masouros, and Abdelhamid Salem. "Net-Zero Energy Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Systems." IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 2023, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2023.3236029.

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16

Wang, Junqiu, Yunfei Chen, and Li Chen. "Transmit Beamforming for MIMO Dual Functional Radar-Communication with IQI." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3290155.

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17

Li, Zhuo, Zhong-gui Ma, and Yan-peng Liang. "Transmission Waveform Design of MIMO Dual-Functional Radar-Communication System." Wireless Personal Communications, July 28, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11277-023-10594-y.

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18

Liu, Rang, Ming Li, Qian Liu, and A. Lee Swindlehurst. "Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Waveform Design: A Symbol-Level Precoding Approach." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing, 2021, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2021.3111438.

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19

Wang, Xinyi, Zesong Fei, J. Andrew Zhang, Jingxuan Huang, and Jinhong Yuan. "Constrained Utility Maximization in Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Multi-UAV Networks." IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2020, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2020.3044616.

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20

Temiz, Murat, E. A. Alsusa, and Mohammed W. Baidas. "A Dual-Functional Massive MIMO OFDM Communication and Radar Transmitter Architecture." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2020, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2020.3031686.

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21

Cui, Yaping, Kang Wang, Peng He, Ruyan Wang, and Dapeng Wu. "Joint Optimization for RIS Assisted Dual Functional Radar Communication in IoV." APSIPA Transactions on Signal and Information Processing 13, no. 4 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1561/116.00000060.

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22

Tong, Xiao, Xin Li, Fuwang Dong, Wei Wang, and Ang Li. "Secrecy rate optimization for dual‐functional radar‐communication system with energy receiver." Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies, August 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ett.4617.

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23

Bazzi, Ahmad, and Marwa Chafii. "On Outage-based Beamforming Design for Dual-Functional Radar-Communication 6G Systems." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2023, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2023.3235617.

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24

Şahin, Mehmet Mert, Ilter Erol Gurol, Emre Arslan, Ertugrul Basar, and Huseyin Arslan. "OFDM-IM for Joint Communication and Radar-Sensing: A Promising Waveform for Dual Functionality." Frontiers in Communications and Networks 2 (August 26, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/frcmn.2021.715944.

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The demand for dual-functional wireless systems is on the rise as certain resources become more congested and scarce. Joint communication-radar (JCR) is a promising technology that is becoming very critical and growing in popularity, where communication and radar applications are serviced simultaneously sharing the same hardware/software and the frequency band resources. JCR and its alternatives need to be cleverly integrated into certain waveforms such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) to function properly without degradation in the performance. With the aid of the promising concepts of index modulation (IM) and Golay complementary sequences, a novel JCR waveform is proposed to serve both communication and radar applications with the same resources. It has been shown by extensive computer simulations that the proposed OFDM with an index modulation (OFDM-IM) waveform outperforms the classical OFDM with fixed pilot design both in bit error rate (BER) performance and radar-based applications by introducing diversity among subcarriers and frequency agility over the whole frequency band.
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25

Liu, Beiyuan, Jiajia Liu, and Nei Kato. "Optimal Beamformer Design for Millimeter Wave Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Based V2X Systems." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2022, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3196089.

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26

Su, Nanchi, Fan Liu, Zhongxiang Wei, Ya-Feng Liu, and Christos Masouros. "Secure Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Transmission: Exploiting Interference for Resilience Against Target Eavesdropping." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2022, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2022.3156893.

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27

Yu, Xiaoyou, Qi Yang, Zhu Xiao, Hongyang Chen, Vincent Havyarimana, and Zhu Han. "A Precoding Approach for Dual-Functional Radar-Communication System with One-Bit DACs." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 2022, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2022.3155532.

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28

Zhao, Yujiu, Yiqin Chen, Matthew Ritchie, Weimin Su, and Hong Gu. "MIMO Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Waveform Design with Peak Average Power Ratio Constraint." IEEE Access, 2020, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3045083.

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29

He, Yinghui, Yunlong Cai, Guanding Yu, and Kai-Kit Wong. "Joint Transceiver Design for Dual-Functional Full-Duplex Relay Aided Radar-Communication Systems." IEEE Transactions on Communications, 2022, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2022.3216334.

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30

Chen, Li, Zhiqin Wang, Jiamo Jiang, Yunfei Chen, and F. Richard Yu. "Full-duplex SIC Design and Power Allocation for Dual-functional Radar-Communication Systems." IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2022, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3222197.

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31

Yu, Xiaoyou, Li Tu, Qi Yang, Miao Yu, Zhu Xiao, and Yongdong Zhu. "Hybrid Beamforming in Mmwave Massive MIMO for IoV With Dual-Functional Radar Communication." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3247747.

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32

Zhong, Chen, Mengting Lou, Chunrong Gu, Lan Tang, and Yechao Bai. "Performance optimization and parameters estimation for MIMO-OFDM dual-functional communication-radar systems." Digital Communications and Networks, December 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dcan.2023.12.006.

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33

Xu, Rui, Ruiming Wen, Gang Li, Chu Chu, and Guangjun Wen. "Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Based on Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave Exploiting Constraint Frequency Hopping." Signal Processing, January 2024, 109403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sigpro.2024.109403.

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34

Liu, Beiyuan, Jinjing Jiang, Qian Liu, Jiajia Liu, and Sai Xu. "An Intelligent Reflecting Surface Based Attack Scheme Against Dual-Functional Radar and Communication Systems." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2024, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2024.3390621.

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35

Zhong, Weizhi, Zhenhao Yu, Yuhang Wu, Fuhui Zhou, Qihui Wu, and Naofal Al-Dhahir. "Resource Allocation for an IRS-Assisted Dual-Functional Radar and Communication System: Energy Efficiency Maximization." IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 2023, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3233839.

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Dong, Fuwang, Wei Wang, Xin Li, Fan Liu, Sheng Chen, and Lajos Hanzo. "Joint Beamforming Design for Dual-Functional MIMO Radar and Communication Systems Guaranteeing Physical Layer Security." IEEE Transactions on Green Communications and Networking, 2023, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tgcn.2022.3233863.

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37

Dizdar, Onur, Aryan Kaushik, Bruno Clerckx, and Christos Masouros. "Energy Efficient Dual-Functional Radar-Communication: Rate-Splitting Multiple Access, Low-Resolution DACs, and RF Chain Selection." IEEE Open Journal of the Communications Society, 2022, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ojcoms.2022.3183950.

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38

Li, Yiqing, and Miao Jiang. "Joint Transmit Beamforming and Receive Filters Design for Coordinated Two-cell Interfering Dual-Functional Radar-Communication Networks." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022, 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3193001.

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39

Yang, Rui, Hong Jiang, and Liangdong Qu. "Waveform Design for MIMO Dual-Functional Radar-Communication System Using MUI Energy Minimization with PAPR and CRB Constraints." IEEE Communications Letters, 2023, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3259549.

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40

Taylor, Abigael, and Olivier Rabaste. "Let it GUWO: Waveform optimization for angular blanking and robustification in a MIMO Dual-Functional Radar-Communication system." IEEE Transactions on Radar Systems, 2024, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trs.2024.3381033.

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41

Brem, Anna‐Katharine, Gaetano Scebba, Jelena Curcic, Marijn Muurling, Casper de Boer, Neva Coello, Alankar Atreya, et al. "Motor‐cognitive dual tasking in the clinical setting: a sensitive measure of functional impairment in early Alzheimer’s disease." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S14 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.071137.

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AbstractBackgroundGait is a complex everyday activity that depends upon supraspinal activity and a host of cognitive functions such as attention and executive functions. As cognition declines in neurodegenerative diseases, the interaction and competition for neuronal resources during motor‐cognitive dual‐tasking (e.g., walking while talking) might be a sensitive measure of subtle functional impairments in early Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here, we aim to identify gait deficits due to neuronal competition across the AD spectrum.MethodThis investigation is part of the ongoing Remote Assessment of Disease and Relapse – Alzheimer’s Disease (RADAR‐AD) study. We attached three inertial measurement units (accelerometer and gyroscope) to both feet and one hip to assess dual task effects (DTE) assessing gait performance with/without concurrent serial subtraction‐by‐1 task in four groups: 1) amyloid negative healthy controls (HC, N = 59); and 2) amyloid positive preclinical AD (PreAD, N = 30); 3) prodromal AD (ProAD, N = 51); and 4) mild‐to‐moderate AD dementia (MildAD, N = 44) (Table 1). We furthermore investigated associations of DTE with observer‐reported cognition.ResultGroup comparisons showed that dual‐tasking induced lower cadence and increased stance, which were significantly different between HC and ProAD. Several DTE measures of variability differed significantly between PreAD and MildAD, with variability in the path length separating best between PreAD and ProAD (Table 2, Figure 1). DTE measures were associated with observer‐rated divided attention only in the MildAD group.ConclusionNeuronal competition as assessed with motor‐cognitive dual‐tasking, specifically the DTE variability, might reflect functional deficits already in early AD, and could be a valuable additional measure to detect early impairments not captured by cognitive or motor tests alone. Future studies should implement an adaptive cognitive load to improve sensitivity/specificity in early AD stages and investigate the use of sensor technologies in predicting and monitoring changes in gait and fall prevention in later stages of the disease. This work has received support from the EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (grant No 806999). www.imi.europa.eu. This communication reflects the views of the RADAR‐AD consortium and neither IMI nor the European Union and EFPIA are liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein.
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42

Song, Taejun, Jongmin Lee, Kwangseok Oh, and Kyongsu Yi. "Dual-sliding mode approach for separated fault detection and tolerant control for functional safety of longitudinal autonomous driving." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, October 16, 2020, 095440702096262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407020962627.

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This paper describes model-based separated fault detection and fault tolerant control of longitudinal autonomous driving using dual-sliding mode observer for functional safety. Internal and environment sensors such as camera or radar are required to measure the acceleration information of the subject vehicle and the relative distance and velocity information between the preceding and subject vehicles in longitudinal autonomous driving. In order to detect the independent fault of each sensor, a dual-sliding mode observer (SMO) is used for fault reconstruction under the assumption that V2V (Vehicle to Vehicle) communication for vehicle driving state is available. The each SMO reconstructs the expected fault in sensor based on discontinuous injection term used for converging output error to zero. Based on the reconstructed fault by each SMO, faults are detected using threshold approach. When the fault is detected, the reconstructed fault is used for fault tolerant control by subtracting to faulty data. The proposed fault detection (FD) and fault tolerant control (FTC) algorithms were evaluated using actual driving data and a three-dimensional (3D) vehicle model with a linear quadratic regulator for following control. The evaluation results are presented and analyzed with regard to fault reconstruction, detection, and tolerant control in four cases wherein two types of faults were applied.
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Vairavan, Srinivasan, Manuel Lentzen, Marijn Muurling, Casper de Boer, Alankar Atreya, Jelena Curcic, Chris Hinds, et al. "A multimodal digital biomarker of functional deficits in early‐stage Alzheimer’s disease: results of the RADAR‐AD study." Alzheimer's & Dementia 19, S15 (December 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/alz.071136.

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AbstractBackgroundRemote monitoring technologies (RMTs), such as smartphone apps, smartwatches, and in‐home sensors, are rapidly changing the way functional and cognitive performance is measured in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) patients. Here, we present results from the European RADAR‐AD study on the use of multimodal data streams for the identification of functional deficits across all syndromic stages of AD.MethodFour study groups (Healthy controls (HC), preclinical AD (pre. AD), prodromal AD (pro. AD), and mild AD) were included in this cross‐sectional study. The RMT features (gait measures from Timed up and Go (TUG), Dual Task Effect (DTE) using physilog, acoustic features from Speech task in Mezurio, neurocognitive function using Altoida, managing finances with Banking app) with in‐clinic neuropsychological (NP) tests, activities of daily living with Amsterdam IADL and demographics (age, gender, education years) were analyzed for different combinations of the multimodal digital biomarker of disease stage in AD across different pairwise comparisons. The analysis includes data from 175 participants (HC = 67, Pre.AD = 26, Pro.AD = 50, Mild AD = 32) collected for 8 weeks. An extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost) machine learning model was trained to obtain a multimodal biomarker of AD disease stage with repeated cross‐validation (5‐fold with 4 repeats) (Figure 1). This investigation is part of the ongoing RADAR‐AD study.ResultThe multimodal combination of RMTs achieved a mean AUC of > 0.60 in all pairwise comparisons with a mean AUC > 0.65 for HC vs (Pre.AD, Pro.AD and Mild) (Figures 2 and 3). The addition of NP tests increases the performance considerably across all pairwise comparisons except HC vs Pre.AD.ConclusionOur results highlight the advantage of combining RMTs to identify functional deficits in the early stage of AD. In particular, in prodromal and mild AD patients, a combined signal shows much more strength compared to individual tests. This work has received support from the EU/EFPIA Innovative Medicines Initiative Joint Undertaking (grant No 806999). www.imi.europa.eu. This communication reflects the views of the RADAR‐AD consortium and neither IMI nor the European Union and EFPIA are liable for any use that may be made of the information contained herein.
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44

Wang Jing-Li, Dong Xian-Chao, Yin-Liang, Yang Zhi-Xiong, Wan Hong-Dan, Chen He-Ming, and Zhong-Kai. "Terahertz dual-frequency multi-function coding metasurface based on vanadium dioxide." Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20222321.

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Terahertz (THz) wave has the advantages of low photon energy, high resolution, large communication bandwidth, etc. It has broad application prospects in security detection, high-resolution imaging, high-speed communication and other fields. In recent years, as a new way to control THz wave, THz metasurface functional devices have attracted extensive attention of researchers. In this paper, vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>), a phase change material, is introduced into the coding metasurface. By regulating a circularly polarized wave and the orthogonal linearly polarized waves independently, a multi-function coding metasurface that can work at dual frequency points is obtained. It is composed of three layers. The top layeris a metal-VO<sub>2</sub> composite structure. The middle is a polyimide dielectric layer. The bottom is a metal ground. Under certain conditions, the double split ring resonator (DSRR) and the cross structure in the top layer are relatively independent. Designing the coding sequences for them separately can enable the coding metasurface to have multiple functions. The electromagnetic simulation software CST is used for modeling and simulation, and the results are as follows. When the VO<sub>2</sub> is in an insulating state and a circularly polarized wave at 0.34 THz is incident vertically, the characteristics of coding metasurface elements are mainly affected by the DSRR. The DSRR is rotated to meet the requirements of 3-bit Pancharatnam-Berry phase coding. The coding sequence is designed to generate vortex beams with the topological charge <i>l</i>=± 1 at a specific angle. The VO<sub>2</sub>’s state is changed to a metallic state, the DSRR can be equivalent to a metal ring. When the orthogonal linearly polarized waves at 0.74 THz are incident vertically, the characteristics of coding metasurface elements are mainly affected by the cross structure. Because of its anisotropy, four different 2-bit coding metasurface elements can be obtained respectively by changing the length of the horizontal arm and the vertical arm. The design of appropriate coding sequences can realize the radar cross section reduction of the x-polarized wave and the beam splitting of the y-polarized wave, and the results have broadband characteristics. Multiple coding sequences can be designed by specialcharacteristics of the coding metasurface, then various expected functions can be realized on the same metasurface. To a certain extent, it solves the problem of single function of ordinary metasurface devices, and paves a novel way to the development of THz multi-function systems.
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45

Xu, Jing, Xiangrong Wang, Elias Aboutanios, and Guolong Cui. "Hybrid Index Modulation for Dual-functional Radar Communications Systems." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2022, 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2022.3219888.

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46

Memisoglu, Ebubekir, Talha Yłlmaz, and Hüseyin Arslan. "Waveform Design with Constellation Extension for OFDM Dual-Functional Radar-Communications." IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2023, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tvt.2023.3281130.

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47

Sweta, S., Ankit Dubey, and Van-Linh Nguyen. "Efficient IRS-aided Rate Optimizations for Dual Functional Radar and Communications." IEEE Communications Letters, 2023, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lcomm.2023.3337232.

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48

Wang Jing-Li, Yang Zhi-xiong, Dong Xian-chao, Yin-Liang, Wan Hong-Dan, Chen He-Ming, and Zhong-Kai. "Terahertz anisotropic coding metasurface based on vanadium dioxide." Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20222171.

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Abstract:
Terahertz (THz) wave has the advantages of high resolution, large information capacity, easy beam focusing, etc, which can be used in communication, radar, detection and other fields. As a two-dimensional artificial electromagnetic metamaterial, the coding metasurface is first proposed in the microwave band. It uses the digital coding of the electromagnetic wave phase to adjust electromagnetic waves. Subsequently, as an important way to regulate THz, the metasurface extends to terahertz frequency band and becomes a research hotspot of scholars. In this paper, a coding metasurface based on vanadium dioxide (VO<sub>2</sub>) with anisotropic characteristics is designed. It is composed of three layers, with a metalcross structure embedded in VO<sub>2</sub> at the top, polyimide in the middle, and pure metal at the bottom. The design of the cross shaped structure makes the coding metasurface unit anisotropic, which can provide complete and independent control of the orthogonally linearly polarized incident waves. The pure metal structure at the bottom can provide higher reflection amplitude for the incident wave. And VO<sub>2</sub> is introduced into the coding metasurface. As a phase change material, VO<sub>2</sub> can switch its properties between the insulating state and the metallic state, which further increases the flexibility of coding metasurface to regulate THz wave. In the paper, eight different coding metasurface units are designed firstly. They can be arranged according to a reasonable coding sequence to form a coding metasurface, which consisits of 20×20 metasurface units with an overall size of 2.4mm × 2.4mm. Its coding sequence will be changed with the phase change of VO<sub>2</sub>, thus forming the corresponding 1-bit or 2-bit coding metasurface, and the generated beam form changes accordingly. The finite-difference time domain method is used for modeling and simulation, and the results are as follow. In the paper, the 1 THz orthogonal linear polarized wave vertically incident on the coding metasurface. When VO<sub>2</sub> is in the insulating state, the designed metasurface can be regarded as an anisotropic 2-bit coding metasurface to generate dual-polarization OAM vortex beams. The x-polarized vortex wave has the OAM mode number of 2, and the y-polarized vortex wave has the OAM mode number of 1.When VO<sub>2</sub> is in the metallic state, the designed metasurface can be regarded as an anisotropic 1-bit coding metasurface to generate dual-polarization symmetrical beams. Four reflected waves generated by incident x-polarized wave, and two reflected waves generated by incident y-polarized wave. The proposed method of combining anisotropy and phase change materials realizes the function of generating multiple THz beams of different forms on the same metasurface. It provides a reference for the implementation of multi-functional coding metasurface that can be flexibly applied to multiple scenes.
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49

Wang, Chao, Cheng-Cai Wang, Zan Li, Derrick Wing Kwan Ng, Kai-Kit Wong, Naofal Al-Dhahir, and Dusit Niyato. "STAR-RIS-Enabled Secure Dual-Functional Radar-Communications: Joint Waveform and Reflective Beamforming Optimization." IEEE Transactions on Information Forensics and Security, 2023, 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tifs.2023.3297452.

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