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Journal articles on the topic 'Dual energy cone beam CT'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Han, C., and J. Baek. "Dual‐energy approach to reduce cone‐beam artefacts in a circular orbit cone‐beam CT system." Electronics Letters 56, no. 13 (June 2020): 648–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/el.2020.0544.

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2

Ahn, Sohyun, Sam Ju Cho, Ki Chang Keum, Sang Gyu Choi, and Rena Lee. "Analysis of Beam Hardening of Modulation Layers for Dual Energy Cone-beam CT." Progress in Medical Physics 27, no. 1 (2016): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.14316/pmp.2016.27.1.8.

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3

Tang, Zhiwei, and Guangshu Hu. "Dual energy CT imaging in cone-beam micro-CT for improved attenuation coefficient measurement." Tsinghua Science and Technology 16, no. 4 (August 2011): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1007-0214(11)70051-7.

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4

Schröder, Lukas, Uros Stankovic, Simon Rit, and Jan-Jakob Sonke. "Image quality of dual-energy cone-beam CT with total nuclear variation regularization." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 8, no. 2 (February 4, 2022): 025012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ac4e2e.

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Abstract Despite the improvements in image quality of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, application remains limited to patient positioning. In this study, we propose to improve image quality by dual energy (DE) imaging and iterative reconstruction using least squares fitting with total variation (TV) regularization. The generalization of TV called total nuclear variation (TNV) was used to generate DE images. We acquired single energy (SE) and DE scans of an image quality phantom (IQP) and of an anthropomorphic human male phantom (HMP). The DE scans were dual arc acquisitions of 70 kV and 130 kV with a variable dose partitioning between low energy (LE) and high energy (HE) arcs. To investigate potential benefits from a larger spectral separation between LE and HE, DE scans with an additional 2 mm copper beam filtration in the HE arc were acquired for the IQP. The DE TNV scans were compared to SE scans reconstructed with FDK and iterative TV with varying parameters. The contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), spatial frequency, and structural similarity (SSIM) were used as image quality metrics. Results showed largely improved image quality for DE TNV over FDK for both phantoms. DE TNV with the highest dose allocation in the LE arm yielded the highest CNR. Compared to SE TV, these DE TNV results had a slightly lower CNR with similar spatial resolution for the IQP. A decrease in the dose allocated to the LE arm improved the spatial resolution with a trade-off against CNR. For the HMP, DE TNV displayed a lower CNR and/or lower spatial resolution depending on the reconstruction parameters. Regarding the SSIM, DE TNV was superior to FDK and SE TV for both phantoms. The additional beam filtration for the IQP led to improved image quality in all metrics, surpassing the SE TV results in CNR and spatial resolution.

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5

Schyns, Lotte E. J. R., Isabel P. Almeida, Stefan J. van Hoof, Benedicte Descamps, Christian Vanhove, Guillaume Landry, Patrick V. Granton, and Frank Verhaegen. "Optimizing dual energy cone beam CT protocols for preclinical imaging and radiation research." British Journal of Radiology 90, no. 1069 (January 2017): 20160480. http://dx.doi.org/10.1259/bjr.20160480.

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6

Gang, Grace J., Wojciech Zbijewski, J. Webster Stayman, and Jeffrey H. Siewerdsen. "Cascaded systems analysis of noise and detectability in dual-energy cone-beam CT." Medical Physics 39, no. 8 (July 31, 2012): 5145–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4736420.

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7

Skaarup, Mikkel, Jens M. Edmund, and Ivan Vogelius. "[P261] Image quality assessment of filtered dual energy cone beam CT for radiotherapy." Physica Medica 52 (August 2018): 174–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2018.06.540.

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8

Men, Kuo, Jian-Rong Dai, Ming-Hui Li, Xin-Yuan Chen, Ke Zhang, Yuan Tian, Peng Huang, and Ying-Jie Xu. "A Method to Improve Electron Density Measurement of Cone-Beam CT Using Dual Energy Technique." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/858907.

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Purpose. To develop a dual energy imaging method to improve the accuracy of electron density measurement with a cone-beam CT (CBCT) device.Materials and Methods. The imaging system is the XVI CBCT system on Elekta Synergy linac. Projection data were acquired with the high and low energy X-ray, respectively, to set up a basis material decomposition model. Virtual phantom simulation and phantoms experiments were carried out for quantitative evaluation of the method. Phantoms were also scanned twice with the high and low energy X-ray, respectively. The data were decomposed into projections of the two basis material coefficients according to the model set up earlier. The two sets of decomposed projections were used to reconstruct CBCT images of the basis material coefficients. Then, the images of electron densities were calculated with these CBCT images.Results. The difference between the calculated and theoretical values was within 2% and the correlation coefficient of them was about 1.0. The dual energy imaging method obtained more accurate electron density values and reduced the beam hardening artifacts obviously.Conclusion. A novel dual energy CBCT imaging method to calculate the electron densities was developed. It can acquire more accurate values and provide a platform potentially for dose calculation.

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9

Granton, P. V., S. I. Pollmann, N. L. Ford, M. Drangova, and D. W. Holdsworth. "Implementation of dual- and triple-energy cone-beam micro-CT for postreconstruction material decomposition." Medical Physics 35, no. 11 (October 16, 2008): 5030–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2987668.

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10

Zbijewski, W., J. Stayman, Y. Ding, P. Prakash, A. Machado, J. Carrino, and J. Siewerdsen. "TU-G-110-02: Contrast-Enhanced Dual-Energy Cone-Beam CT for Musculoskeletal Radiology." Medical Physics 38, no. 6Part30 (June 2011): 3784. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3613243.

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11

Schröder, L., U. Stanković, M. F. Fast, and J. J. Sonke. "EP-2146: Feasibility of direct electron density determination using dual-energy cone beam CT." Radiotherapy and Oncology 127 (April 2018): S1183—S1184. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-8140(18)32455-1.

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12

Manerikar, Ankit, Fangda Li, and Avinash C. Kak. "DEBISim: A simulation pipeline for dual energy CT-based baggage inspection systems1." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 29, no. 2 (March 11, 2021): 259–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-200808.

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BACKGROUND: Materials characterization made possible by dual energy CT (DECT) scanners is expected to considerably improve automatic detection of hazardous objects in checked and carry-on luggage at our airports. Training a computer to identify the hazardous items from DECT scans however implies training on a baggage dataset that can represent all the possible ways a threat item can packed inside a bag. Practically, however, generating such data is made challenging by the logistics (and the permissions) related to the handling of the hazardous materials. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to present a software simulation pipeline that eliminates the need for a human to handle dangerous materials and that allows for virtually unlimited variability in the placement of such materials in a bag alongside benign materials. METHODS: In this paper, we present our DEBISim software pipeline that carries out an end-to-end simulation of a DECT scanner for virtual bags. The key highlights of DEBISim are: (i) A 3D user-interactive graphics editor for constructing a virtual 3D bag with manual placement of different types of objects in it; (ii) An automated virtual bag generation algorithm for creating randomized baggage datasets; (iii) An ability to spawn deformable sheets and liquid-filled containers in a virtual bag to represent plasticized and liquid explosives; and (iv) A GPU-based X-ray forward modelling block for spiral cone-beam scanners used in checked baggage screening. RESULTS: We have tested our simulator using two standard CT phantoms: the American College of Radiology (ACR) phantom and the NIST security screening phantom as well as on a set of reference materials representing commonly encountered items in checked baggage. For these phantoms, we have assessed the quality of the simulator by comparing the simulated data reconstructions with real CT scans of the same phantoms. The comparison shows that the material-specific properties as well as the CT artifacts in the scans generated by DEBISim are close to those produced by an actual scanner. CONCLUSION: DEBISim is an end-to-end simulation framework for rapidly generating X-ray baggage data for dual energy cone-beam scanners.

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Güngör, Enes, Derya Yildirim, and Remzi Çevik. "Evaluation of osteoporosis in jaw bones using cone beam CT and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry." Journal of Oral Science 58, no. 2 (2016): 185–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2334/josnusd.15-0609.

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14

Li, Boyuan, Derrek Spronk, Yueting Luo, Connor Puett, Christina R. Inscoe, Donald A. Tyndall, Yueh Z. Lee, Jianping Lu, and Otto Zhou. "Feasibility of dual-energy CBCT by spectral filtration of a dual-focus CNT x-ray source." PLOS ONE 17, no. 2 (February 3, 2022): e0262713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0262713.

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Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is now widely used in dentistry and growing areas of medical imaging. The presence of strong metal artifacts is however a major concern of using CBCT especially in dentistry due to the presence of highly attenuating dental restorations, fixed appliances, and implants. Virtual monoenergetic images (VMIs) synthesized from dual energy CT (DECT) datasets are known to reduce metal artifacts. Although several techniques exist for DECT imaging, they in general come with significantly increased equipment cost and not available in dental clinics. The objectives of this study were to investigate the feasibility of developing a low-cost dual energy CBCT (DE-CBCT) by retrofitting a regular CBCT scanner with a carbon nanotube (CNT) x-ray source with dual focal spots and corresponding low-energy (LE) and high-energy (HE) spectral filters. A testbed with a CNT field emission x-ray source (NuRay Technology, Chang Zhou, China), a flat panel detector (Teledyne, Waterloo, Canada), and a rotating object stage was used for this feasibility study. Two distinct polychromatic x-ray spectra with the mean photon energies of 66.7keV and 86.3keV were produced at a fixed 120kVp x-ray tube voltage by using Al+Au and Al+Sn foils as the respective LE and HE filters attached to the exist window of the x-ray source. The HE filter attenuated the x-ray photons more than the LE filter. The calculated post-object air kerma rate of the HE beam was 31.7% of the LE beam. An anthropomorphic head phantom (RANDO, Nuclear Associates, Hicksville, NY) with metal beads was imaged using the testbed and the images were reconstructed using an iterative volumetric CT reconstruction algorithm. The VMIs were synthesized using an image-domain basis materials decomposition method with energy ranging from 30 to 150keV. The results were compared to the reconstructed images from a single energy clinical dental CBCT scanner (CS9300, Carestream Dental, Atlanta, GA). A significant reduction of the metal artifacts was observed in the VMI images synthesized at high energies compared to those from the same object imaged by the clinical dental CBCT scanner. The ability of the CNT x-ray source to generate the output needed to compensate the reduction of photon flux due to attenuation from the spectral filters and to maintain the CT imaging time was evaluated. The results demonstrated the feasibility of DE-CBCT imaging using the proposed approach. Metal artifact reduction was achieved in VMIs synthesized. The x-ray output needed for the proposed DE-CBCT can be generated by a fixed-anode CNT x-ray source.

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15

Ahn, Junho, Thi Kieu Khanh Ho, Jaeyong Kang, and Jeonghwan Gwak. "Using Artificial Intelligence Methods for Dental Image Analysis: State-of-the-Art Reviews." Journal of Medical Imaging and Health Informatics 10, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 2532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jmihi.2020.3254.

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A large number of studies that use artificial intelligence (AI) methodologies to analyze medical imaging and support computer-aided diagnosis have been conducted in the biomedical engineering domain. Owing to the advances in dental diagnostic X-ray systems such as panoramic radiographs, periapical radiographs, and dental computed tomography (CT), especially, dual-energy cone beam CT (CBCT), dental image analysis now presents more opportunities to discover new results and findings. Recent researches on dental image analysis have been increasingly incorporating analytics that utilize AI methodologies that can be divided into conventional machine learning and deep learning approaches. This review first covers the theory on dual-energy CBCT and its applications in dentistry. Then, analytical methods for dental image analysis using conventional machine learning and deep learning methods are described. We conclude by discussing the issues and suggesting directions for research in future.

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16

Zbijewski, W., G. J. Gang, J. Xu, A. S. Wang, J. W. Stayman, K. Taguchi, J. A. Carrino, and J. H. Siewerdsen. "Dual-energy cone-beam CT with a flat-panel detector: Effect of reconstruction algorithm on material classification." Medical Physics 41, no. 2 (January 30, 2014): 021908. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4863598.

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17

Ju, Eunbin, SoHyun Ahn, Samju Cho, Ki Chang Keum, and Rena Lee. "SU-F-I-06: Evaluation of Imaging Dose for Modulation Layer Based Dual Energy Cone-Beam CT." Medical Physics 43, no. 6Part7 (June 2016): 3387. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4955834.

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18

Lee, Donghyeon, Jiseoc Lee, Hyoyi Kim, Taewon Lee, Jeongtae Soh, Miran Park, Changhwan Kim, Yeon Ju Lee, and Seungryong Cho. "A Feasibility Study of Low-Dose Single-Scan Dual-Energy Cone-Beam CT in Many-View Under-Sampling Framework." IEEE Transactions on Medical Imaging 36, no. 12 (December 2017): 2578–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tmi.2017.2765760.

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19

Vinke, R., S. Takao, K. Umegaki, H. Shirato, H. Peng, and L. Xing. "SU-F-J-212: Enabling Conventional Cone Beam CT with the Capability of Dual Energy Imaging Using a Simple Add-On Beam Modifier." Medical Physics 43, no. 6Part12 (June 2016): 3457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4956120.

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20

Peng, H., T. Kanehira, S. Takao, T. Matsuura, K. Umegaki, H. Shirato, and L. Xing. "SU-F-J-213: Feasibility Study of Using a Dual-Energy Cone Beam CT (DECBCT) in Proton Therapy Treatment Planning." Medical Physics 43, no. 6Part12 (June 2016): 3457–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4956121.

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21

Gang, G., P. Prakash, W. Zbijewski, J. Stayman, and J. Siewerdsen. "WE-G-110-02: A Cascaded Systems Model for Imaging Performance and Task-Based Optimization in Dual-Energy Cone-Beam CT." Medical Physics 38, no. 6Part33 (June 2011): 3833. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3613432.

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22

Gopalan, Deepa, Marion Delcroix, and Matthias Held. "Diagnosis of chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension." European Respiratory Review 26, no. 143 (March 15, 2017): 160108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0108-2016.

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Chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH) is the only potentially curable form of pulmonary hypertension. Rapid and accurate diagnosis is pivotal for successful treatment. Clinical signs and symptoms can be nonspecific and risk factors such as history of venous thromboembolism may not always be present. Echocardiography is the recommended first diagnostic step. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing is a complementary tool that can help to identify patients with milder abnormalities and chronic thromboembolic disease, triggering the need for further investigation. Ventilation/perfusion (V′/Q′) scintigraphy is the imaging methodology of choice to exclude CTEPH. Single photon emission computed tomography V′/Q′ is gaining popularity over planar imaging. Assessment of pulmonary haemodynamics by right heart catheterisation is mandatory, although there is increasing interest in noninvasive haemodynamic evaluation. Despite the status of digital subtraction angiography as the gold standard, techniques such as computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging are increasingly used for characterising the pulmonary vasculature and assessment of operability. Promising new tools include dual-energy CT, combination of rotational angiography and cone beam CT, and positron emission tomography. These innovative procedures not only minimise misdiagnosis, but also provide additional vascular information relevant to treatment planning. Further research is needed to determine how these modalities will fit into the diagnostic algorithm for CTEPH.

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23

van Eijnatten, Maureen, Ferco Henricus Berger, Pim de Graaf, Juha Koivisto, Tymour Forouzanfar, and Jan Wolff. "Influence of CT parameters on STL model accuracy." Rapid Prototyping Journal 23, no. 4 (June 20, 2017): 678–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rpj-07-2015-0092.

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Purpose Additive manufactured (AM) skull models are increasingly used to plan complex surgical cases and design custom implants. The accuracy of such constructs depends on the standard tessellation language (STL) model, which is commonly obtained from computed tomography (CT) data. The aims of this study were to assess the image quality and the accuracy of STL models acquired using different CT scanners and acquisition parameters. Design/methodology/approach Images of three dry human skulls were acquired using two multi-detector row computed tomography (MDCT) scanners, a dual energy computed tomography (DECT) scanner and one cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scanner. Different scanning protocols were used on each scanner. All images were ranked according to their image quality and converted into STL models. The STL models were compared to gold standard models. Findings Image quality differed between the MDCT, DECT and CBCT scanners. Images acquired using low-dose MDCT protocols were preferred over images acquired using routine protocols. All CT-based STL models demonstrated non-uniform geometrical deviations of up to +0.9 mm. The largest deviations were observed in CBCT-derived STL models. Practical implications While patient-specific AM constructs can be fabricated with great accuracy using AM technologies, their design is more challenging because it is dictated by the correctness of the STL model. Inaccurate STL models can lead to ill-fitting implants that can cause complications after surgery. Originality/value This paper suggests that CT imaging technologies and their acquisition parameters affect the accuracy of medical AM constructs.

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24

Shen, C., B. Li, Y. Lou, and X. Jia. "Element-Resolved Multi-energy Cone Beam CT Realized on a Conventional Cone Beam CT Platform." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 99, no. 2 (October 2017): S94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.227.

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25

Zou, Xiaobing, Li Zeng, and Zongjian Li. "Dual helical cone-beam CT for inspecting large object." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 17, no. 3 (2009): 233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-2009-0225.

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26

Zeng, Li, and Xiaobing Zou. "Katsevich-type reconstruction for dual helical cone-beam CT." Journal of X-Ray Science and Technology 18, no. 4 (2010): 353–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/xst-2010-0266.

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27

Chen, Lingyun, Youtao Shen, Chao-Jen Lai, Tao Han, Yuncheng Zhong, Shuaiping Ge, Xinming Liu, et al. "Dual resolution cone beam breast CT: A feasibility study." Medical Physics 36, no. 9Part1 (August 12, 2009): 4007–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3187225.

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28

Zeng, Li, and Xiaobing Zou. "BPF-Type Reconstruction for Dual Helical Cone-Beam CT." Current Medical Imaging Reviews 7, no. 2 (May 1, 2011): 125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157340511795445667.

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29

Nguyen, Van, Joaquim G. Sanctorum, Sam Van Wassenbergh, Joris J. J. Dirckx, Jan Sijbers, and Jan De Beenhouwer. "Geometry Calibration of a Modular Stereo Cone-Beam X-ray CT System." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 3 (March 13, 2021): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7030054.

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Compared to single source systems, stereo X-ray CT systems allow acquiring projection data within a reduced amount of time, for an extended field-of-view, or for dual X-ray energies. To exploit the benefit of a dual X-ray system, its acquisition geometry needs to be calibrated. Unfortunately, in modular stereo X-ray CT setups, geometry misalignment occurs each time the setup is changed, which calls for an efficient calibration procedure. Although many studies have been dealing with geometry calibration of an X-ray CT system, little research targets the calibration of a dual cone-beam X-ray CT system. In this work, we present a phantom-based calibration procedure to accurately estimate the geometry of a stereo cone-beam X-ray CT system. With simulated as well as real experiments, it is shown that the calibration procedure can be used to accurately estimate the geometry of a modular stereo X-ray CT system thereby reducing the misalignment artifacts in the reconstruction volumes.

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30

Giles, William, James Bowsher, Hao Li, and Fang-Fang Yin. "Interleaved acquisition for cross scatter avoidance in dual cone-beam CT." Medical Physics 39, no. 12 (December 4, 2012): 7719–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4768160.

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31

Lucatelli, Pierleone, Renato Argirò, Giovanni Battista Levi Sandri, Graham Munneke, Carlo Catalano, and Mario Bezzi. "Single-Injection Dual-Phase Cone-Beam CT Is Better than Split-Bolus Single-Phase Cone-Beam CT for Liver Catheter-Based Procedures." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 29, no. 5 (May 2018): 748–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2017.12.026.

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32

Chen, Ming, Gang Li, Weiwei Qi, Jing Zou, and Yong-guo Zheng. "Reconstruction Method for Nonconcyclic Dual-Source Circular Cone-Beam CT with a Large Field of View." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/526247.

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In industrial computed tomography (CT), it is often required to inspect large objects whose size is beyond a reconstructed field of view (FOV). Some multiscan modes have been developed to acquire the complete CT projection data for a larger object using small panel detectors. In this paper, we give a non-concyclic dual-source circular cone-beam scanning geometry based on the idea of multiscan modes and propose a backprojection-filtration-based (BPF) reconstruction algorithm without data rebinning. Since the FOV calculated according to this nonconcyclic dual-source circular CT scanning geometry is larger than cardiac dual-source CT scanning geometry, our method can reconstruct larger horizontal slices (i.e., the slices perpendicular to rotation axis) than cardiac dual-source CT. The quality of CT images is expected to be superior to those obtained using larger panel detectors. The simulation results have indicated that CT images obtained by the proposed method are satisfying.

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Kachelriess, M., M. Knaup, C. Penssel, and W. A. Kalender. "Flying focal spot (FFS) in cone-beam CT." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 53, no. 3 (June 2006): 1238–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2006.874076.

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Benson, T. M., and J. Gregor. "Framework for iterative cone-beam micro-CT reconstruction." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 52, no. 5 (October 2005): 1335–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2005.858206.

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35

Li, H., W. Giles, J. Roper, J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. "TU-C-204B-06: Performance Evaluation of a Dual Cone-Beam CT (Dual CBCT) System." Medical Physics 37, no. 6Part13 (June 2010): 3385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.3469229.

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Jonczyk, Martin, Federico Collettini, and Gero Wieners. "Reply to: “Single-Injection Dual-Phase Cone-Beam CT Is Better than Split-Bolus Single-Phase Cone-Beam CT for Liver Catheter-Based Procedures”." Journal of Vascular and Interventional Radiology 29, no. 5 (May 2018): 749–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvir.2017.12.025.

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37

Stenner, Philip, Timo Berkus, and Marc Kachelriess. "Empirical dual energy calibration (EDEC) for cone-beam computed tomography." Medical Physics 34, no. 9 (August 24, 2007): 3630–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.2769104.

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ZOU, JING, HAO CHEN, QIYANG ZHANG, YANKANG, and DAN XIA. "FAST CONE-BEAM CT IMAGE RECONSTRUCTION BASED ON BPF ALGORITHM: APPLICATION TO ORTHO-CT." International Journal of Computational Methods 11, no. 04 (August 2014): 1350067. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219876213500679.

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Multi-GPUs accelerated BPF algorithm is developed for improving computational efficiency. Three major acceleration techniques are introduced: (1) dividing reconstructed volume into subsets vertically which reduces the computational cost on the boundary term between parallel chords; (2) transposed method is used to avoid low efficiency of access in global memory which is caused by different chords selection; (3) optimized memory allocation scheme is adopted. Experimental data are used to evaluate the image quality and reconstruction time. It takes only 4.118 s to reconstruct a volume image of 512 × 512 × 512 with 360 projection data of 512 × 512 on dual NVIDIA Tesla C2070 cards. Added the time consuming on data read, transfer and storage part, the complete reconstruction process could be finished in less than 9 s. In particular, BPF-based ROI-reconstruction for cone beam Ortho-CT shows promising application prospect.

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Shechter, G., T. Koehler, A. Altman, and R. Proksa. "High-resolution images of cone beam collimated CT scans." IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science 52, no. 1 (February 2005): 247–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tns.2004.843110.

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Lin, Mingde, Romaric Loffroy, Niels Noordhoek, Katsuyuki Taguchi, Alessandro Radaelli, Järl Blijd, Angelique Balguid, and Jean-François Geschwind. "Evaluating tumors in transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) using dual-phase cone-beam CT." Minimally Invasive Therapy & Allied Technologies 20, no. 5 (November 17, 2010): 276–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/13645706.2010.536243.

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Li, Hao, William Giles, James Bowsher, and Fang-Fang Yin. "A dual cone-beam CT system for image guided radiotherapy: Initial performance characterization." Medical Physics 40, no. 2 (January 31, 2013): 021912. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4788654.

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Ren, Lei, Yingxuan Chen, You Zhang, William Giles, Jianyue Jin, and Fang-Fang Yin. "Scatter Reduction and Correction for Dual-Source Cone-Beam CT Using Prepatient Grids." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 15, no. 3 (May 24, 2015): 416–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1533034615587615.

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Giles, W. M., J. Bowsher, and F. Yin. "Reduced Cross Scatter in Dual-source Cone-Beam CT by Asynchronous Projection Acquisition." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 78, no. 3 (November 2010): S681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2010.07.1581.

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Tarkowski, Piotr, and Elżbieta Czekajska-Chehab. "Dual-Energy Heart CT: Beyond Better Angiography—Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 21 (November 7, 2021): 5193. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10215193.

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Heart CT has undergone substantial development from the use of calcium scores performed on electron beam CT to modern 256+-row CT scanners. The latest big step in its evolution was the invention of dual-energy scanners with much greater capabilities than just performing better ECG-gated angio-CT. In this review, we present the unique features of dual-energy CT in heart diagnostics.

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Kovacs, D. G., L. Rechner, A. K. Berthelsen, and M. C. Aznar. "Dual Energy Cone Beam Computed Tomography for Image Guided Radiation Therapy." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 96, no. 2 (October 2016): E689. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.06.2352.

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Almeida, Isabel P., Lotte E. J. R. Schyns, Michel C. Öllers, Wouter van Elmpt, Katia Parodi, Guillaume Landry, and Frank Verhaegen. "Dual-energy CT quantitative imaging: a comparison study between twin-beam and dual-source CT scanners." Medical Physics 44, no. 1 (January 2017): 171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mp.12000.

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Pengpan, T., C. N. Mitchell, and M. Soleimani. "A dual modality of cone beam CT and electrical impedance tomography for lung imaging." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 224 (April 1, 2010): 012026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/224/1/012026.

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Kim, Joshua, Huaiqun Guan, David Gersten, and Tiezhi Zhang. "Evaluation of Algebraic Iterative Image Reconstruction Methods for Tetrahedron Beam Computed Tomography Systems." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2013 (2013): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/609704.

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Tetrahedron beam computed tomography (TBCT) performs volumetric imaging using a stack of fan beams generated by a multiple pixel X-ray source. While the TBCT system was designed to overcome the scatter and detector issues faced by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), it still suffers the same large cone angle artifacts as CBCT due to the use of approximate reconstruction algorithms. It has been shown that iterative reconstruction algorithms are better able to model irregular system geometries and that algebraic iterative algorithms in particular have been able to reduce cone artifacts appearing at large cone angles. In this paper, the SART algorithm is modified for the use with the different TBCT geometries and is tested using both simulated projection data and data acquired using the TBCT benchtop system. The modified SART reconstruction algorithms were able to mitigate the effects of using data generated at large cone angles and were also able to reconstruct CT images without the introduction of artifacts due to either the longitudinal or transverse truncation in the data sets. Algebraic iterative reconstruction can be especially useful for dual-source dual-detector TBCT, wherein the cone angle is the largest in the center of the field of view.

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Ahn, So Hyun, Jinho Choi, Kyu Chan Lee, Siyong Kim, and Rena Lee. "Development of a beam stop array system with dual scan mode for scatter correction of cone-beam CT." Journal of the Korean Physical Society 64, no. 8 (April 2014): 1220–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3938/jkps.64.1220.

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Zhu, Shouping, Jie Tian, Guorui Yan, Chenghu Qin, and Jinchao Feng. "Cone Beam Micro-CT System for Small Animal Imaging and Performance Evaluation." International Journal of Biomedical Imaging 2009 (2009): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/960573.

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A prototype cone-beam micro-CT system for small animal imaging has been developed by our group recently, which consists of a microfocus X-ray source, a three-dimensional programmable stage with object holder, and a flat-panel X-ray detector. It has a large field of view (FOV), which can acquire the whole body imaging of a normal-size mouse in a single scan which usually takes about several minutes or tens of minutes. FDK method is adopted for 3D reconstruction with Graphics Processing Unit (GPU) acceleration. In order to reconstruct images with high spatial resolution and low artifacts, raw data preprocessing and geometry calibration are implemented before reconstruction. A method which utilizes a wire phantom to estimate the residual horizontal offset of the detector is proposed, and 1D point spread function is used to assess the performance of geometric calibration quantitatively. System spatial resolution, image uniformity and noise, and low contrast resolution have been studied. Mouse images with and without contrast agent are illuminated in this paper. Experimental results show that the system is suitable for small animal imaging and is adequate to provide high-resolution anatomic information for bioluminescence tomography to build a dual modality system.

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