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Journal articles on the topic 'Dual accountability'
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Baumann, Markus, Alejandro Ecker, and Martin Gross. "Party competition and dual accountability in multi-level systems." Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 30, no. 4 (June 28, 2020): 542–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2020.1780434.
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Brown, Miranda, and Yu Xie. "Between heaven and earth: Dual accountability in Han China." Chinese Journal of Sociology 1, no. 1 (March 2015): 56–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2057150x14568768.
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Johansen, Thomas Riise. "‘Blaming oneself’: Examining the dual accountability role of employees." Critical Perspectives on Accounting 19, no. 4 (May 2008): 544–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cpa.2006.10.002.
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Judson, Eugene. "When Science Counts as Much as Reading and Mathematics: An Examination of Differing State Accountability Policies." education policy analysis archives 20 (September 3, 2012): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v20n26.2012.
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Although only results from mathematics and reading assessments are required to be used when Adequate Yearly Progress (AYP) of schools is calculated, some states have elected to include science achievement results either in their AYP calculations or as part of a separate dual accountability system. This study examined 2009 National Assessment for Educational Progress (NAEP) results based on how states use, or do not use, science in their accountability programs. Consideration was given to the idea that including science achievement might detract from efforts, and consequently results, in mathematics and reading. Results from both fourth- and eighth-grade data indicated that states choosing to use science in their accountability calculations did not lose ground in those other subjects. Fourth-grade data indicates that the states using science in their accountability programs additionally had significantly higher science achievement than the other states.
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Rodden, Jonathan, and Erik Wibbels. "Dual accountability and the nationalization of party competition: Evidence from four federations." Party Politics 17, no. 5 (September 30, 2010): 629–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354068810376182.
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Levasseur, Karine, and Fiona MacDonald. "Mea Culpa: Apology Legislation, Accountability and Care." Canadian Journal of Political Science 51, no. 4 (June 18, 2018): 749–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423918000227.
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AbstractIncreasingly, jurisdictions are adopting “apology legislation” that allow medical professionals to apologize to patients and family members when an adverse event occurs while disallowing the introduction of the apology in a liability case as evidence of fault or liability. While apology legislation itself is fairly straightforward, its potential meaning and impact is much more complex. This paper conceptualizes apology legislation from an accountability and ethics of care perspective. These two concepts—accountability and care—are distinct but interrelated concepts and this dual theoretical approach offers a rich analysis on the potential impact(s) of apology legislation. We argue that apology legislation is a mechanism added to the existing accountability regime that can offer important opportunities to express and practise care. As an accountability mechanism, apology legislation creates space for an accountability relationship to emerge between medical professionals and their patients. Apology legislation also addresses long-standing gaps in how we as a society think about health care and respond to patients and families in ways that challenge the dominant “consumer of services” role. It is in this sense that apology legislation has the potential to destabilize traditional notions of social citizenship. Last, we argue that empirical research is urgently needed to know to what degree apologies contribute to accountability and the transformation of health care.
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Omodero, Cordelia Onyinyechi. "GENESIS OF ACCOUNTABILITY AND ITS IMPACT ON ACCOUNTING." International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management 1, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.35912/ijfam.v1i1.78.
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Purpose: This study examines the genesis of accountability: a global view. The concept of accountability has been viewed from various disciplinary lenses in order to develop an integrated understanding of the term. Special attention is devoted to principal—agent perspectives from political science and economics.
Design/Research method: An integrated framework is developed, based on four central observations. (1) Accountability is relational in nature and is constructed through inter- and intra-organizational relationships. (2) Accountability is complicated by the dual role of nonprofits as both principals and agents in their relationships with other actors. (3) Characteristics of accountability necessarily vary with the type of nonprofit organization being examined. (4) Accountability operates through external as well as internal processes, such that an emphasis on external oversight and control misses other dimensions of accountability essential to nonprofit organizations.
Finding: The study finds that the time has come for individuals, organizations, stakeholders, establishments, institutions and governments to focus on reporting on their programme results, such as inventory take result and product performance result.
Limitation: Paucity of data and empirical works were the major restrictions to this study.
Implication: Thus, being clear about intentions, measuring and understanding results, and making adjustments where necessary, would help assure taxpayers/stakeholders that their money is being spent wisely. A focus on results would also help to ensure that limited public resources are being applied in a way that provides the most value to all concerned.
Keywords: Accountability, Genesis, Performance, Responsibility, Types, Assessment, Global
How to cite: Omodero, C.O. (2019) Genesis of accountability and its impact on accounting. International Journal of Financial, Accounting, and Management, 1(1), 47-55.
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Mullen, Carol A., Sandra Harris, Caroline R. Pryor, and Tricia Browne-Ferrigno. "Democratically Accountable Leadership: Tensions, Overlaps, and Principles in Action." Journal of School Leadership 18, no. 2 (March 2008): 224–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268460801800205.
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This discussion focuses on the intersection of two dissonant concepts of importance in today's educational scene—democracy and accountability. In this article, we describe how these conflicting ideologies might be resolved, theoretically and practically, through democratically accountable leadership—that is, the dual necessity of educational leaders to successfully function as change agents working for social justice. Understanding how educational leaders conceive of these phenomena is an important starting place toward preparing future educational leaders to deal more effectively with them. Hence, we investigated the idea of rethinking accountability around democratic principles and incorporating it into leadership preparation. Specifically, we present results from a study involving doctoral students (i.e., educational leaders) who were asked to link the principles of democracy and accountability to the application of social justice. As such, the article contains suggestions for implementing democratically accountable leadership into practice.
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Almeida Fernandes, Gustavo Andrey, and Marco Antonio Carvalho Teixeira. "Accountability ou Prestação de Contas, CGU ou Tribunais de Contas: o exame de diferentes visões sobre a atuação dos órgãos de controle nos municípios brasileiros." BASE - Revista de Administração e Contabilidade da Unisinos 17, no. 3 (September 29, 2020): 456–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4013/base.2020.173.04.
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The lack of cognitive models to explain the concept of accountability can be synthesized in the absence of a single term in the Portuguese language since Accountability is usually considered a word whose meaning is incomplete. The impact of cognitive models in the form of audit is taken is very important. Courts of Accounts were established in Brazil since Old Republic while CGU was created in 2003. In this paper, we analyze the conceptual differences between the Courts of Accounts and Federal Comptroller General regarding accountability. Despite many municipal actions receive a dual inspection, data shows a wide divergence between the results obtained by respective TCE and CGU. The performance of the latter is closer to an audit of performance, reporting on average a larger number of irregularities in the cities, whereas in the Courts of Accounts, it is usually done audit of compliance, with relatively minor findings.
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Rainero, Christian, and Giuseppe Modarelli. "CSR for emergencies: The two concepts of accountability." Corporate Ownership and Control 18, no. 1 (2020): 78–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv18i1art7.
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This work tries to highlight the determinant role of CSR during periods characterized by non-linearity and to produce insights for further research on a dual perspective: 1) companies’ decision-making on CSR implementation and promotional tool preference; 2) consumers’ purchasing/consuming decision-making. So, the interrelated perspective, under the influencing contextual variable of the recent COVID-19 pandemic, would show a crucial role of CSR as an anti-crisis solution. The domain-based review, the direct observation mixed with field analysis survey-based on a sample of 208 respondents made possible the hermeneutical and inference activity on results according to the Situational Crisis Communication Theory and Goffman’s view on the art of impression management, mixed with a persuasive approach characterizing advertising. The perception analysis, not directly operated ethnographically with companies, allowed to investigate CSR from different angles, permits the researchers to observe the exponential rise of advertising campaigns with a social scope and CSR promotional activities in accordance with the emergence of the two intrinsic concepts of accountability from an external point of view.
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Holloway, Jessica, Ann Nielsen, and Sarah Saltmarsh. "Prescribed distributed leadership in the era of accountability." Educational Management Administration & Leadership 46, no. 4 (February 9, 2017): 538–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1741143216688469.
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Contemporary accountability frameworks position school leaders as being essential to improving school performance and driving innovation. Simultaneously, new accountability demands have forced the restructuring of school leadership, both in terms of form and function. In this paper, we look at the growing trend of distributed leadership among teachers who are tasked to assume leadership roles while maintaining their (sometimes reduced) teaching responsibilities. In the US, federally backed programs have incentivized schools to bolster teacher leadership opportunities, often predicated on claims of teacher empowerment and leadership democratization. Given the rise in distributed leadership as a prescribed local governance structure, we examined one popular distributed leadership model in the US to better understand how the teacher leaders are experiencing their dual roles and responsibilities. Drawing on focus group interviews with mentor teachers, we found tension between the teachers’ expectations with regard to increased collegiality and mentoring opportunities, and their actual experiences of bureaucratic control and finding that their expectations were unrealistic. We argue that prescribed, incentive-driven forms of distributed leadership can place teacher leaders in precarious positions that demand more of their time, while limiting their capacities to participate in the leadership practices they deem most valuable.
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SAMUELS, DAVID. "Presidentialism and Accountability for the Economy in Comparative Perspective." American Political Science Review 98, no. 3 (August 2004): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000305540400125x.
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To what extent do the institutions of presidentialism allow voters to hold governments accountable? Powell and Whitten (1993) suggested that voter capacity to sanction is strong when “clarity of government responsibility” for outcomes is clear, and vice versa. I argue that clarity of responsibility functions differently under presidentialism and that presidentialism generates particular forms of accountability. In general, electoral sanctioning is weak in nonconcurrent elections, which do not occur under parliamentarism, but is stronger in concurrent elections. In concurrentexecutiveelections the clarity of responsibility does not attenuate the economy's impact on the vote. Yet in concurrentlegislativeelections both partisan and institutional variables diffuse responsibility for economic performance. Thus under many common institutional and partisan formats, voters sanction presidents to a greater degree than legislators for the same phenomenon. These findings elucidate the conditions under which we might observe accountability similar to what we find in some parliamentary systems or a more uniquely presidentialist “dual democratic legitimacies” of the kind Linz (1994) imagined.
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Paolini, Stefania, Richard J. Crisp, and Kylie McIntyre. "Accountability moderates member-to-group generalization: Testing a dual process model of stereotype change." Journal of Experimental Social Psychology 45, no. 4 (July 2009): 676–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2009.03.005.
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Hernes, Tor. "Four ideal-type organizational responses to New Public Management reforms and some consequences." International Review of Administrative Sciences 71, no. 1 (March 2005): 5–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020852305051680.
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With its dual focus on service and accountability, New Public Management (NPM) accentuates the inherent tension between the logics of service and accountability respectively in local public administration. The present article explores, from an organization theory perspective, possible organizational responses to tensions created by the introduction of NPM. The article identifies four possible ideal-type organizational responses to NPM. First, paralysis, whereby unresolved conflict leads to a stand-off situation between management and staff. Second, ritualistic decoupling, in the sense of decoupling between espoused and enacted practices. Third, loose coupling between functions and individuals. Fourth, organic adaptation, whereby the tension is handled constructively through internal structural and cultural differentiation. Possible causes and consequences of each of these responses for management are discussed.
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Hupe, Peter, and Arthur Edwards. "The accountability of power: Democracy and governance in modern times." European Political Science Review 4, no. 2 (July 11, 2011): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1755773911000154.
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In modern governing, a variety of actors in the public domain daily make decisions with consequences for the common good, but how these actors are held accountable to political representatives is not always clear. While representative democracy in most societies still functions as the traditional standard, deficits in democratic control are perceived. There is an exercise of power-without-corresponding-representation. At the same time modern citizens appear hard to engage in politics. Representation-without-corresponding-participation also appears. We address this dual problem, one of accountability and one of legitimacy, in terms of political theory. Various strategies are explored, indicating that some of them contribute to bringing democracy up to date more than others. In particular, it seems fundamental to rethink contemporary democracy by connecting it with the multi-dimensional character of governance. Functional participation by modern citizens can enhance the legitimacy of the exercise of power by making the latter accountable in a multi-local way.
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BENNETT, LARRY, and MARIANNE PIET. "Standards for Batterer Intervention Programs." Violence Against Women 5, no. 1 (January 1999): 6–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10778019922181121.
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The authors review batterer program regulation in the United States, describe variations and commonalities between regulatory standards, and examine arguments about standards. As a case illustration of batterer program regulation, the authors describe the Illinois Protocol for Domestic Abuse batterer programs and issues emerging during its implementation. The authors conclude that the dual criteria of accountability and victim safety resolve many inherent conflicts in seemingly competing perspectives.
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Glencross, Andrew. "The uses of ambiguity: representing ‘the people’ and the stability of states unions." International Theory 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2012): 107–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752971911000236.
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The European Union (EU) and the antebellum US represent attempts to overcome anarchy without substituting hierarchy. Understood as ‘states unions’, these two systems are shown here to share foundational indeterminacy over sovereignty and the constitution of the people (i.e. the boundaries of the political community). Existing scholarship appreciates the EU's resulting democratic deficit but fails to problematize how dual ambiguity is sustained. The contrast between both states unions is used to probe this mutually constitutive relationship between sovereignty and democracy in an anti-hierarchical order. Defining the boundaries of the people by invoking popular sovereignty led in the antebellum, the paper argues, to a bifurcated debate over where the hierarchy of democratic legitimacy resided, destroying ambiguity. The contrast further shows that the EU has avoided the development of such rival, mutually exclusive constitutional visions that seek to make the people and sovereignty congruent at either the unit or union level. Instead, the EU has sustained dual constitutional ambiguity by allowing for multiple accountability claims reliant on overlapping notions of the people. Democratizing international cooperation thus should focus on the form democratic accountability can take rather than seeking to use popular sovereignty to establish some decision-making level where sovereignty and the people are congruent.
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Steinman, Erich, and Scott Scoggins. "Cautionary Stories of University Indigenization: Institutional Dynamics, Accountability Struggles, and Resilient Settler Colonial Power." American Indian Culture and Research Journal 44, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/aicrj.44.1.steinman_scoggins.
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Increasingly, a discourse of indigenizing is being articulated in United States higher education. This article contributes to the limited existing research that examines how indigenization processes, well underway in Canada, are able to transform post-secondary institutions and/or how transformation is resisted and contained. With attention to institutional dynamics, Native studies’ centering of community accountability, and patterns of settler-colonial power, the study centers the perspectives and experiences at one university of Indigenous students, faculty, staff, and community partners. Interviews reveal four tensions or challenges of indigenization. “Hidden contributions” are the result of Indigenous people bearing the burden of rectifying the institution’s default colonial practices. Many individuals attempt to satisfy a challenging “dual accountability” to both First Nations and the university. Contradictions and uneven advances across the university create starkly varying experiences and reveal both promising change and disappointment. Finally, participants envision going beyond indigenization and decolonization by centering Indigenous intellectual autonomy and increasing accountability to First Nations. Interpreting these experiences and perceptions through logics of inclusion, reconciliation, and decolonization, the study suggests strategic approaches to address these tensions in future efforts in Canada and the United States.
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Yarime, Masaru, and Martin Karlsson. "Reflexivity in Development Assistance: The obstacles Dual Accountability and Communicative Asymmetry to achieving Reflexive Governance." International Journal of Sustainability Policy and Practice 10, no. 1 (2015): 17–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2325-1166/cgp/v10i01/55442.
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Kazandjian, Vahé A. "Evaluating Health Care Appropriateness Means Putting a Value on its Goodness." International Journal of Information Communication Technologies and Human Development 7, no. 4 (October 2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijicthd.2015100101.
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The measurement and evaluation of healthcare services continues to be challenged when the appropriateness of the services is its focus. Good outcomes do not mean the services were needed or that the process of delivering care was efficient. Further, patient and family satisfaction with the care episode is influenced by the promises the healthcare system in general and physicians in particular made to the patients. As such, physicians have the dual role of educating patients while they are managing their health status changes. Eventually, it is a question of accountability about the processes and outcomes of the care, which are expected to both demonstrate the social responsibilities of health care professionals and gauge the expectations of patients, families, and communities. The purpose of this article is to explore the determinants of what and why patients expect from healthcare and caring. Within the concept of accountability, the role of physicians as educators rather than exclusively healers of disease is explored.
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Mahfoudh, Haykel Ben. "Protect, Respect and Remedy: A Framework for Accountability for Human Rights Violations Committed by Foreign Fighters." International Community Law Review 18, no. 5 (December 8, 2016): 418–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341340.
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As the phenomenon of foreign fighters is taking new dimensions by the rise of autonomous terrorist groups, mainly the group calling itself ‘Islamic state’ (also known as Daesh or isil), most of these individuals are perceived as a serious security threat to the peace and justice in the world. Such security perception made current efforts to deal effectively with this complex problem confined within the existing counter-terrorism fora including the United Nations (un). The u.n. framework of Mercenaries does not seem the right venue for an effective accountability framework. Beyond the conceptual debate – whether Foreign Fighters is a new form of mercenarism – the regulatory framework offer various venues for the protection of human rights. Instead of constructing an accountability mechanism from scratch, this paper calls for the application of the dual obligation to protect and respect, which focuses on victims rights, regardless the nature, the type of the author of the crime.
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Crippa, Matteo. "A Long Path toward Reconciliation and Accountability: A Truth and Reconciliation Commission and a Special Chamber for Burundi?" International Criminal Law Review 12, no. 1 (2012): 71–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157181212x621463.
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The recent history of Burundi is characterized by cyclical ethnic strife between the Hutu majority, comprising approximately 85 per cent of the population, and the Tutsi. A peace agreement was signed in 2000, and in 2005 the UN recommended the establishment of a dual mechanism, namely a non-judicial accountability mechanism in the form of a truth commission, and a judicial accountability mechanism in the form of a special chamber. Little progress toward their establishment was achieved, however, with the process stalled by outbreaks of violence and the country’s fragmented political milieu. In 2011, significant momentum has been gained with the completion of a country-wide consultation process and the resumption of negotiations between the government and the UN. Building upon these developments, this article reviews the architecture of the proposed mechanism and sets forth various considerations for the creation of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission and the Special Chamber for Burundi.
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Apreda, Rodolfo. "The governance slack model: A cash flow approach to shape up corporate accountability and good practices." Corporate Ownership and Control 1, no. 1 (2003): 35–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.22495/cocv1i1p12.
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This paper introduces a cash flow model to budget and monitor distinctive matters usually arising in corporate governance. By enlarging the standard cash flow model widely used in Finance, and avoiding some of its downsides, it sets up a composite of cash flows called governance slack, which amounts to a comprehensive budget for the most usual governance issues. This slack has a dual structure whose dynamics keeps track of uses and sources of its components, and could become functional in preventing likely agency problems and improving not only disclosure but accountability as well.
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Lane, John L. "Maintaining the Frame: Using Frame Analysis to Explain Teacher Evaluation Policy Implementation." American Educational Research Journal 57, no. 1 (May 12, 2019): 5–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/0002831219848689.
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While researchers have shown great interest in understanding teacher evaluation, little is known about how teachers’ actions and interactions surrounding evaluation affect the dual goals of evaluation—accountability and development. Using data collected during a yearlong ethnographic study at three schools (combined with follow-up interviews four years later), this study employs frame analysis to describe and explain how teachers formed a group perspective about the new evaluation policy, how this perspective informed their actions and interactions, and the consequences that these actions and interactions had on teacher collegiality, teacher learning, and instructional improvement.
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Vago, Marta. "Multiple Roles in Serving Families in Business." Family Business Review 11, no. 3 (September 1998): 261–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-6248.1998.00261.x.
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When family business professionals serve family firms in more than one capacity, they begin to mirror the problems that cause conflict in business families. Fulfilling multiple professional roles started from necessity and became a tradition. The practice of “dual relationship” has gone unchallenged, even though it holds significant potential risk to the family enterprise. “Best practices” from corporate governance, together with established codes of conduct, provide guidelines for protecting both the quality and the integrity of professional input on which family firms rely. Better educated consumers and accountability to peers mean higher professional standards for meeting the needs of family enterprise.
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Assegaf, Yasmin Umar, and Tjiptohadi Sawarjuwono. "Ihtisab (Accountability) in Waqf Institutions: A Review and Synthesis of Literature." Issues In Social And Environmental Accounting 7, no. 4 (December 31, 2013): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.22164/isea.v7i4.110.
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Waqf is an Islamic philanthropy which has a very big maslahah for the ummah, but less understood by community due to the lack of socialization. Research findings show the weaknesses on accounting and accountability in waqf institutions that reduce waqf maslahah, the lost or <br />dormant of waqf assets. Most of nazhir (trustee) do not manage waqf assets accountably, efficiently, and effectively. In addition, they also do not present it properly in the financial statement and report it to the public. The situation is due to the unavailability of waqf accounting standard for nazhir. This study was conducted with the aim to synthesize the findings of ihtisab (accountability) studies as a basic theory building of accounting standard which is expected to improve performance of nazhir which, in turn, will increase maslahah of waqf for the ummah. This study employed shuratic method with IIE (Interactive, Integrative and Evolutionary) process modified by meta-synthesis. The research process was carried out by interactive and integrative of individual findings of the same research topics to find an integrative theory of ihtisab as an evolutionary of Islamic science that is the basic of Ihtisab standard. Synthesizing published 20 ihtisab studies leads some basics of ihtisab standard as guidance for nazhir to be responsible by having good understanding of accounting and conducting dual Islamic accountability. To meet the responsibility, Nazhir<br />should be good in akhlak (moral) and bring his members into a good akhlak too as akhlak is a key success for Islamic institutions. Due to the fact that Synthesis of ihtisab research findings has not been done so far, it is expected that this synthesis of the studies can be the basis for subsequent researchers to continue and develop this findings on the other dimensions of theories and models by developing Islamic science and Islamic empirical methods in line with shariah.
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Malin, Joel R., Debra D. Bragg, and Donald G. Hackmann. "College and Career Readiness and the Every Student Succeeds Act." Educational Administration Quarterly 53, no. 5 (June 6, 2017): 809–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013161x17714845.
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Purpose: This study addressed the current policy push to improve students’ college and career readiness (CCR) as manifested within the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA) and examined CCR policy in the state of Illinois as a case study, noting ways in which provisions for CCR programs prepare all students, including those historically underserved by higher education, to be prepared for education and employment post–high school. Research Methods: A critical analytic approach was undertaken, foregrounding equity. We conducted thematic content analysis of ESSA and Illinois policy, employing a CCR accountability paradigm. Findings: CCR-related content was contained throughout ESSA. Although content varied, themes were identified. Dual enrollment provisions were prominent in ESSA but not the Illinois’ CCR laws; however, science, technology, engineering, and mathematics was emphasized in both. ESSA introduced but did not fully clarify what constitutes a well-rounded education and did not identify particular reporting and accountability provisions, whereas two Illinois’ CCR bills focused on remedial education and the third evidenced a more comprehensive and integrated CCR approach. These findings suggest distinct federal and Illinois’ CCR visions. A more systematic equity focus was evident within ESSA. Implications for Research, Policy, and Practice: ESSA provisions providing new flexibilities to states portend wide variation in emphasis toward, and accountability for, long-standing equity issues. District officials will also likely have substantial flexibility in their administration, design, and implementation of ESSA-funded CCR programming, which may affect educational equity in ways that advantage and disadvantage. We thus provide several cautions and recommendations.
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Hardiningsih, Pancawati, Rachmawati Meita Oktaviani, and Ceacilia Srimindarti. "AKUNTABILITAS PENGELOLAAN ALOKASI DANA DESA MENUJU GOOD GOVERNMENT GOVERNANCE." JURNAL STIE SEMARANG 11, no. 03 (November 21, 2019): 01–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.33747/stiesmg.v11i03.383.
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ADD revenue in Pemalang sub-district of Pemalang district increased from 2015 and 2016 so that the village government must manage accountable village funds in an accountable manner according to Permendagri No. 113 of 2014. The research was conducted by survey method in 13 villages in the Pemalang sub-district of Pemalang district. A total of 72 village officials consisted of village heads, secretaries, treasurers, activity implementation teams, village consultative bodies, and affairs heads. The results showed that the management of village finances at the planning, implementation, administration, reporting and accountability stages did not fully go well according to Permendagri No. 113 of 2014 and Pemup No. 58 of 2015. The planning stage is still oriented toward physical development. The implementation phase is carried out by the activity implementation team that the development activities are orderly and according to standards. At the administration stage, the village treasurer concurrently holds another position so that he does not fully understand the task. In the reporting stage, the village head reports the realization of the use of the budget to the regent through the related SKPD. In the accountability stage, the village head is responsible for the use of the budget to the local government, village consultative bodies, and the community. The results of the management of the Pemalang district village fund allocation have not yet fully implemented the principles of good government governance in the form of transparency and accountability because many village officials have retired and even moved assignments so what happens is a dual position. But routinely followed up with audits from the inspectorate to maintain the quality of the report
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Sorrentino, Maddalena, and Katia Passerini. "Evaluating Public Programs Implementation." International Journal of Electronic Government Research 6, no. 3 (July 2010): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jegr.2010070101.
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This paper discusses the importance of evaluating the implementation of public programs as an integral component of organizational actions performed by public administrations. Drawing on contributions from policy studies and organization theory, the authors assign a dual role to evaluation: valuable cognitive resource and accountability tool for the policymakers. This exploratory case study contributes to the literature on implementation evaluation by providing an encompassing theory-grounded perspective on a recent e-government project by the City of Milan. The authors’ preliminary findings confirm the heuristic potential of an evaluation approach where interdisciplinary inputs can enlighten not only the results, but also the process of design, adoption and the use of e-services.
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McAuliffe, Padraig. "The roots of transitional accountability: interrogating the ‘justice cascade’." International Journal of Law in Context 9, no. 1 (February 19, 2013): 106–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552312000511.
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This article argues that what is seen as a justice cascade may in fact amount to merely an advocacy cascade, which has facilitated justice policies that democratising states would inevitably have pursued (and helped neutralise opposition), but which in causal terms has been far less influential on justice policy than is commonly assumed. Because transitional justice is generally presented in very idealistic terms, scholars in the field have begun to acknowledge that its virtuous effects are more easily presumed than proven (Van der Merwe, 2009, p. 121). Amongst advocates and activists in particular, one sees in the literature an emotional commitment to transitional justice that generally foregoes doubts about its overall efficacy even where isolated shortcomings are accepted. Policy has hitherto proceeded less from analysis to conclusions than from commitments to action. Some argue that ‘the commitment to advocacy has come at the expense of progress in empirical research’ (Vinjamuri and Snyder, 2004, p. 345) – the benefits of certain mechanisms are assumed instead of treated as empirical propositions to be proven rigorously. Because so many of the early debates about transitional justice took the form of partisan advocacy in the dichotomised days of the ‘justice versus peace’ and ‘truth versus justice’, prospective hypotheses about likely outcomes dominated the literature at the expense of retrospective assessments of what generally had or had not worked. For at least a decade, scholars have noted the paucity of studies systematically examining the correlation between transitional justice and social reconstruction. Subsequently, the literature has variously been criticised for its dependency on anecdote and hypothesis (Crocker, 2002, p. 541), analogy (Brahm, 2008, p. 3) and wishful thinking (Olsen, Payne and Reiter, 2010, pp. 25–26). Until recently, scholarship had primarily been based on single or dual mechanism case-studies and comparative qualitative case-studies of a limited number of states, which gave disproportionate emphasis to certain transitions or transition types conducive to study. This in turn made generally applicable policy conclusions difficult to elaborate. It has been argued that human rights research in general, and transitional justice research in particular, are enterprises directed at manufacturing legitimacy for their fields of practice (Gready, 2009, p. 159). Such endeavours must, however, retain at least a threshold plausibility. As a fear developed among practitioners and theorists about the damage to the credibility of transitional justice from wild, unsubstantiated claims, there has emerged in recent years a commendable attempt to clarify the causal relationships (if any) between individual mechanisms and general ends. By employing social science methodologies and hard data, a tentative literature has emerged on how to assess the impact of transitional justice (Thoms, Ron and Paris, 2010). The expectation is that this scholarship can chip away at falsity and overly ambitious claims. This article examines the extent to which two recent works do this. After surveying what is novel about their distinctive methodologies, Part II examines the primary difference between the works, namely the extent to which the work of transnational human rights activists has impacted on the decision of democratising states to pursue criminal accountability for crimes of the past. Part III explores alternative explanations for why states are seemingly more willing to undertake trials and the extent to which the works in question control for these variables. Part IV considers the extent to which the normative change both books note has impacted on the security dilemmas inherent in transitional accountability. The article concludes that transitional justice research has some distance yet to travel in disentangling correlation from cause.
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Çalı, Başak, and Stewart Cunningham. "Judicial Self Government and the Sui Generis Case of the European Court of Human Rights." German Law Journal 19, no. 7 (December 1, 2018): 1977–2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2071832200023300.
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AbstractIn this article we explore the operation of judicial self-government (JSG) at the European Court of Human Rights (ECtHR), paying particular attention to how JSG operates in the judicial selection procedures and in the administration of the court. We find that JSG at Strasbourg is highly variable with relatively weak levels of judicial influence on the selection of judges contrasted with a high degree of control over court administration. We go on to analyze how the dual nature of JSG at the ECtHR (strong post-election and weaker pre-election) promotes or hinders a range of values, namely, independence, accountability, transparency and legitimacy. We argue that the JSG practices at the ECtHR prioritize judicial independence at the expense of accountability. The picture with regard to transparency is mixed and while judicial decision making itself is fully transparent, wider JSG practices at Strasbourg are largely non-transparent. We note that legitimacy concerns were a key motivating factor in many of the key JSG reforms undertaken by the ECtHR in recent years and explore whether these have had the desired impact. We conclude by arguing that the differences in reach and form of JSG at the pre and post-election processes strike a careful balance in respecting the separation of powers and the democratic principle.
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DOWD, ALICIA. "Community Colleges as Gateways and Gatekeepers: Moving beyond the Access "Saga" toward Outcome Equity." Harvard Educational Review 77, no. 4 (December 1, 2007): 407–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17763/haer.77.4.1233g31741157227.
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Community colleges are essential – though often overlooked – institutions of higher education. In this essay, Alicia C. Dowd draws attention to the challenges facing community colleges as they seek to balance their roles as both gateways and gatekeepers with their multiple missions, which include meeting the diverse needs of students at the postsecondary level and responding to the changing educational and economic needs of U.S. society. Using research from the California Benchmarking Project, Enhancing Institutional Effectiveness and Equity, Dowd offers insights about the ways community college leaders, staff, and partners might navigate these dual and often divergent roles. Her essay raises important questions about the nature of higher education accountability in the context of community colleges and the way these institutions are used, managed, and evaluated.
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Landauer, Matthew. "Democratic Theory and the Athenian Public Sphere." Polis 33, no. 1 (April 15, 2016): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340072.
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Classical Athens has left to political theorists a dual legacy: a crucial historical case of democratic practice, and a rich tradition of political reflection. A growing number of scholars have placed the relationship between these two legacies at the center of their research. I argue that these scholars collectively offer us a model of a broad, engaged, Athenian public sphere. Yet I also caution that we should avoid overly harmonizing pictures of what that public sphere was like. I focus in particular on two prominent claims in the literature: that Socratic philosophy can be read as an expansion of Athenian accountability practices, and that ancient dramatists, philosophers, and historians were alike engaged in a project to educate citizen judgment. I argue that both claims threaten to obscure arguments over the appropriate role of the judgment of the demos in democratic politics.
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Nath, Nirmala, Radiah Othman, and Fawzi Laswad. "External performance audit in New Zealand public health: a legitimacy perspective." Qualitative Research in Accounting & Management 17, no. 2 (December 2, 2019): 145–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qram-11-2017-0110.
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Purpose This paper aims to provide insights into how the New Zealand Office of the Auditor-General (NZOAG) legitimised the selection of topics for performance audit in the New Zealand public health sector over a 10-year period, 2003-2013, by fulfilling the key actors’ “taken for granted beliefs” of the dual roles of the NZOAG: its independence and accountability. Design/methodology/approach This paper uses evidence gathered from interviews with representatives of the District Health Boards, the Ministry of Health (including Health Advisory Committee members) and NZOAG staff, along with publically available documentary evidence over a 10-year period. The authors draw on Suchman’s (1995) authority on institutional legitimacy to inform the research findings. Findings The New Zealand Auditors-General (NZAGs) get inputs from various sources such as their own audit teams, parliamentary deliberations, the Ministry of Health, the District Health Boards, media and public concerns and complaints. These sources initiate ideas for performance audits. Subsequently, the NZAGs use the recurring themes and risk assessment criteria while simultaneously consulting with the auditees (the MOH and the DHBs) and other actors, such as health advisory groups, to select topics for such audits. This signals to the key actors, such as the MOH and the DHBs, that the NZOAG is addressing the topics and concerns relevant to the former while discharging its public accountability role. Furthermore, the consultative approach acts as a catalyst, ensuring that the actors involved with public sector health service delivery, specifically the auditees, accept the selected topic. This leads to a lack of resistance to and criticism of the topic; the selection process, therefore, is legitimatised, and credibility is added to the audits. Because of the consultative approach taken by the NZAGs, the actors, including the performance auditors, continue to believe that the Office acts independently from third party influence in selecting their audit topics, elevating the NZAGs’ moral legitimacy with respect to their public accountability role. Research limitations/implications The study’s focus group does not include parliamentary representatives, only representatives from the DHBs, the MOH and the NZOAG; therefore, the conclusions on effective discharge of the NZOAG’s accountability role and Parliamentary acceptance is not conclusive – the NZOAG acts on behalf of the Parliament in discharging its accountability role and the latter is also the formal recipient of the reports. Practical implications The implications for practitioners and policymakers are that the use of a consultative approach to select topics for performance audit in the absence of performance auditing standards ensures auditee readiness and acceptance of such audits. This also promotes mutual benefits and “trust” between the AG and auditees. Such audits can be used to bring about efficacy in health service delivery. Social implications The selected topics for audits will have an impact on citizens’ lifestyles, with improved health services delivery. Originality/value There is a dearth of research on who initiates the ideas for performance auditing and how the Office of the Auditor-General selects topics for such audits. This study adds a new dimension to the existing performance auditing literature. The authors reveal how the NZOAG seeks to legitimise the selection of topics for such audits by consulting with the auditees and other actors associated with public sector health service delivery, while upholding its independent status and making transparent how it discharges its accountability role within the context of performance auditing.
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Annandale, Ellen. "Working on the Front-Line: Risk Culture and Nursing in the New NHS." Sociological Review 44, no. 3 (August 1996): 416–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-954x.1996.tb00431.x.
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Nursing and midwifery are increasingly marked by risk and uncertainty under the dual impact of patient consumerism and organisational accountability. The omnipresent character of risk in health work means that it is particularly difficult to manage. Since the practice decisions of today may only be known as problems in the future, risk can never really be forestalled. This means that it is very difficult to close-off risk, but nonetheless imperative to try. Drawing on research conducted in two hospital trusts, this paper explores the strategies that nurses and midwives use in an attempt to colonise the future and protect themselves in the risk culture of the new NHS. It will suggest that although the self-protective strategies that emerge may enhance quality of patient care, they can also generate defensive practices which are in the interests of neither nurses and midwives nor patients.
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Phelan, James E. "Membership Expulsions for Ethical Violations from Major Counseling, Psychology, and Social Work Organizations in the United States: A 10-Year Analysis." Psychological Reports 101, no. 1 (August 2007): 145–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.101.1.145-152.
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This report examined ethical violations as grounds for membership expulsions made by the major counseling, psychology, and social work organizations in the United States over a 10-yr. period. Data indicated that the rates of expulsions stayed steady or declined, were disproportional across organizations, and that organizational sanctioning may be even more rigid than that of state boards. In addition, not all organizations followed procedures in a consistent manner when reporting or processing cases. The most common reason for expulsion was for violations under the category of dual relationships, particularly those of a sexual nature. Further research is needed to show how the variations of membership types, the profiles of the offenders, or the potential biases of the committees' judges weigh in on the issued sanctions, particularly those of ambiguous nature (e.g., nonsexual violations). It is also recommended that the expulsion data be easily available to all, and that it be reported systemically for the analysis of trends and for the overall accountability of ethics committees.
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Dematthews, David E., and Elena Izquierdo. "Authentic and Social Justice Leadership: A Case Study of an Exemplary Principal along the U.S.-Mexico Border." Journal of School Leadership 27, no. 3 (May 2017): 333–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/105268461702700302.
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Few researchers have sought to merge authentic and social justice leadership or investigate how each can be applied together to address the current school reform and social justice challenges associated with high-stakes accountability. This article presents a qualitative case study of authentic and social justice leadership practices of one exemplary principal working along the U.S.–Mexico border and how she nurtured, inspired, and motivated teachers and families to create innovative and inclusive programs to meet the needs of all students, especially Mexican American English language learners (ELLs). Two micro-cases are presented to examine the principal's role in founding a gifted and talented dual language program for ELLs and a merger with a low-performing school. Additional findings describe how the principal developed strategic relationships and motivated families to advocate for social justice. In doing so, this article highlights areas where authentic and social justice leadership support effective practices and mitigate obstacles to adopting equity-oriented reforms. Implications are discussed which include new directions for future research and principal preparation programs.
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Jalalian, Askar, and Parisa Anvari. "A Comparative Study of Judicial Control in Iran, U.S.A and Canada." International Letters of Social and Humanistic Sciences 44 (December 2014): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilshs.44.61.
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Supervision and control need tools and techniques that would usually take two forms: the first form is that the same court that hears claims and complaints submitted by the departments and its agents, handles other claims and all the claims are processed by these courts of justice. Another form of judicial supervision is supervision in a dual judicial system and that is a judicial system wherein only specialized courts are competent enough to review administrative claims and to investigate the conducts of the department and its agents. In this paper, we deal with how these tools are used in advanced legal systems like the U.S., and Canada and the Iranian legal system. The result we discover in the end is that in all stages of supervision by the supervisor and the supervised, there must be a sense of accountability to people and officials and this will be achieved by transparency in performance. In the absence of transparency supervision will be disrupted and some economic and administrative corruption will arise, because wherever there are secrecy and monopoly, the results will be inevitably corruption.
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Susanti, Santi, and Sri Zulaihati. "Cooperative Accounting Computer Application (AKOPSI) for Vocational High Schools in Jakarta [Aplikasi Komputer Akuntansi Koperasi (AKOPSI) untuk Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan di Jakarta]." Proceeding of Community Development 2 (February 21, 2019): 906. http://dx.doi.org/10.30874/comdev.2018.387.
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This training seeks to develop the science of accounting education, to help the business continuity of school cooperatives, with the aim of improving cooperative governance from the financial aspects and accountability of Financial Reports. In particular, it can help contribute to UNJ's work partners in this case the Vocational School, namely solving cooperative sustainability problems as a learning forum for students to improve education quality and linkages with the business world, access, efficiency and relevance of education, namely student competency in Middle School (SMK). Cooperatives in schools have not been managed properly because management resources do not maximize the potential, and the sustainability and development of school cooperatives tend to be stagnant, whereas opportunities to maximize the economic potential of cooperatives to improve the welfare of school people are very wide open. School cooperatives are also a laboratory for students to carry out dual system education which is not optimal in its implementation, student involvement is only to maintain the store, not to the stage of implementing good governance. So we developed training in Cooperative Accounting Computer Applications for Schools.
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Greene, Zachary, and Fraser McMillan. "‘Party competition and dual accountability in multi-level systems’ the independence echo: the rise of the constitutional question in Scottish election manifestos and voter behaviour." Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 30, no. 3 (February 17, 2020): 317–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17457289.2020.1727486.
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Meuwissen, Kevin W., and Jeffrey M. Choppin. "Preservice teachers’ adaptations to tensions associated with the edTPA during its early implementation in New York and Washington states." education policy analysis archives 23 (October 10, 2015): 103. http://dx.doi.org/10.14507/epaa.v23.2078.
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The edTPA is a teaching performance assessment (TPA) that the states of New York and Washington implemented as a licensure requirement in 2013. While TPAs are not new modes of assessment, New York and Washington are the first states to use the edTPA specifically as a compulsory, high-stakes policy lever in an effort to strengthen the quality and accountability of teachers and teacher educators. This study examines 24 New York and Washington teaching candidates’ experiences with the edTPA during its first year of consequential use for state certification. The data, drawn from qualitative interviews that were part of a larger mixed-methods study, reveal that preservice teachers had to mediate several tensions associated with the edTPA’s dual role as a formative assessment tool and a licensure mechanism. In this paper, we identify those tensions, describe candidates’ efforts to mediate them, and discuss the extent to which that mediation process may or may not contribute to the improvement of teachers’ practices. Given the edTPA’s positioning in a policy context – specifically, the potential for the assessment’s locus of control, high stakes, and opaque rating process to distort the procedures it is intended to measure – the paper concludes with recommendations for teacher education programs aimed at capitalizing on the edTPA’s benefits and mitigating its unproductive tensions.
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Nigri, Giorgia, and Mara Del Baldo. "Sustainability Reporting and Performance Measurement Systems: How do Small- and Medium-Sized Benefit Corporations Manage Integration?" Sustainability 10, no. 12 (November 29, 2018): 4499. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10124499.
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Benefit Corporations and B Corps represent alternative models of enterprise, often referred to as “hybrid companies” that bridge the for-profit and not-for-profit models. Italy is the first country outside the USA to pass Benefit Corporation legislation and introduce the Società Benefit. A large number of Italian Benefit Corporations are small- and medium-sized companies (SMEs), since SMEs are widespread within the entrepreneurial fabric and have great relevance in the Italian socio-economic context. A key issue in the emerging debate on small- and medium-sized Benefit Corporations concerns how these companies—with limited reach and considerable financial and human resource constraints—can effectively absorb their added social responsibility. In particular, such firms need to manage their dual mission, integrate social and environmental goals in their business model, and incorporate accountability mechanisms, all while scaling up and garnering the necessary resources to be economically competitive. Starting from these premises, this paper focuses on the performance measurement and reporting systems that are adopted by SMEs that are also Benefit Corporations, and investigates whether benefit impact assessment indicators integrate into an overall sustainability performance management system. To achieve this goal, an exploratory case-based analysis on seven small- and medium-sized Italian-certified Benefit Corporations is presented.
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Mitchell, Murray F., Hal A. Lawson, Hans van der Mars, and Phillip Ward. "Chapter 6: Perspectives on the Future of Doctoral Programs." Journal of Teaching in Physical Education 40, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 392–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2020-0244.
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What does the future hold for Doctoral Programs for Physical Education Teacher Education (D-PETE) programs, faculty, and doctoral students? What can D-PETE faculty prioritize and do to create a more desirable future for D-PETE, PETE, and school physical education programs? What are the main facilitators, constraints, and barriers? Framed by these three questions, this chapter offers an action-oriented analysis of doctoral programs. Alongside physical education-specific program priorities influential factors in the external environment merit attention, including regional and state accreditation, neoliberal forces for accountability, the regulatory environment, program standards and national rankings, and declining enrollments. Mindful of alternative perspectives and university- and program-specific action plans, a dual priority appears to be crosscutting. Every D-PETE program needs to reflect theoretically sound and evidence-based practices, and D-PETE graduates need to be prepared to advance these practices after graduation. Toward these ends, it is timely to work toward consensus on a core knowledge base, explore how best to share resources across university boundaries, and join forces to solidify and safeguard appropriate practices. Today’s choices have short- and long-term consequences for each program and the profession overall, recommending that national priorities gain prominence alongside local program traditions and D-PETE faculty practices.
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Afonso, Almerindo Janela. "Para uma concetualização alternativa de accountability em educação." Educação & Sociedade 33, no. 119 (June 2012): 471–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0101-73302012000200008.
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Nas últimas duas ou três décadas, a problemática da accountabilty tem sido enclausurada nas lógicas do pensamento único, neoconservador e neoliberal. Torna-se, por isso, necessário lembrar que há outras alternativas. Neste sentido, este texto adota uma abordagem crítica e revisita brevemente o conceito de accountability (ou seja, a interação entre avaliação, prestação de contas e responsabilização), no sentido de chamar a atenção para configurações que sejam mais democráticas e progressistas. Por referência a esta mesma problemática, pontuam-se também algumas tendências em curso em Portugal e outros países europeus.
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Grundy, Quinn, Katrina Hutchison, Jane Johnson, Brette Blakely, Robyn Clay-Wlliams, Bernadette Richards, and Wendy A. Rogers. "Device representatives in hospitals: are commercial imperatives driving clinical decision-making?" Journal of Medical Ethics 44, no. 9 (July 4, 2018): 589–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/medethics-2018-104804.
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Despite concerns about the relationships between health professionals and the medical device industry, the issue has received relatively little attention. Prevalence data are lacking; however, qualitative and survey research suggest device industry representatives, who are commonly present in clinical settings, play a key role in these relationships. Representatives, who are technical product specialists and not necessarily medically trained, may attend surgeries on a daily basis and be available to health professionals 24 hours a day, 7 days a week, to provide advice. However, device representatives have a dual role: functioning as commissioned sales representatives at the same time as providing advice on approaches to treatment. This duality raises the concern that clinical decision-making may be unduly influenced by commercial imperatives. In this paper, we identify three key ethical concerns raised by the relationship between device representatives and health professionals: (1) impacts on healthcare costs, (2) the outsourcing of expertise and (3) issues of accountability and informed consent. These ethical concerns can be addressed in part through clarifying the boundary between the support and sales aspects of the roles of device representatives and developing clear guidelines for device representatives providing support in clinical spaces. We suggest several policy options including hospital provision of expert support, formalising clinician conduct to eschew receipt of meals and payments from industry and establishing device registries.
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Ma, Yun. "Vertical Environmental Management: A Panacea to the Environmental Enforcement Gap in China?" Chinese Journal of Environmental Law 1, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 37–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24686042-12340004.
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After being proposed in 2015, environmental vertical management (vm) reform was hailed as being able to bridge the environmental law enforcement gap, because it helps in insulating environmental protection agencies from intervention by local governments, thus functioning to end local protectionism brought about by the traditional ‘dual leadership’ model. This article identifies how the ongoing reform process changes the institutional structure of environmental management, explains the reasons for initiating such a reform and analyses whether vm can be as effective as intended. It is concluded that promotion of an environmental vm reform reflects the vicissitudes of central government-local government relations in the environmental era. As a method to strengthen central oversight on local environmental performance, vm is far from the sole or the most cost-effective method to realize this goal. The environmental vm reform plan combines both centralization and decentralization approaches. The design of ‘soft’ (extension of reform below provincial level) and fragmented (selected monitoring and inspection) centralization may decrease the anticipated effectiveness of vm reform by moving local malfeasance from municipal and county levels to the provincial level (‘provincial protectionism’) and thus continuing to harm the integrity of environmental management. As a partial solution, vm reform needs to be supplemented with incentive and accountability mechanisms, and by more effective and professional enforcement activities at local levels.
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Grais, Wafik, and Wassim Rajhi. "Islamic finance, contagion effects, spillovers and monetary policy." Journal of Islamic Accounting and Business Research 6, no. 2 (September 14, 2015): 208–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jiabr-12-2012-0079.
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Purpose – The aim of this paper is to review monetary and systemic liquidity management policies that essentially aim at containing crisis and limiting their spread. A corollary is whether relevant public authorities and market participants have tools at their disposal to deal with a systemic crisis affecting Institution Offering Islamic Financial Services (IIFS). Design/methodology/approach – The method used in this study is an examination of existing literature. This paper considers mechanisms that may help contain a crisis and those that may foster post crisis recovery in the case of conventional and Islamic finance. Findings – The progress made to date to develop money markets accessible to IIFS is commendable; however, it is not sufficient. Licensing IIFS in dual financial systems entails a public authority responsibility linked to the authorities’ accountability for the conduct of monetary policy and systemic liquidity management. Licensing an IIFS entails acknowledging the responsibility of being able to manage a system that includes IIFS. This is feasible and possible, but the issue needs to be addressed directly. In a crisis monetary policy and systemic liquidity management will be at the forefront of the stabilization efforts. Originality/value – The experiences of Bahrain and Malaysia in developing a monetary policy and systemic liquidity management framework for their jurisdiction are assessed. The paper identifies also channels of potential spillover effects from conventional to Islamic finance.
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Kamran Akhtar Siddiqui, Shahid Hussain Mughal, Imran Ali Soomro, and Masood Ahmed Dool. "Teacher Training in Pakistan: Overview of Challenges and their Suggested Solutions." IJORER : International Journal of Recent Educational Research 2, no. 2 (March 31, 2021): 215–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.46245/ijorer.v2i2.91.
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Education is a key component of progress in the present-day world. But this progress cannot be made without efforts of teachers. Therefore, teacher education, in particular teacher training becomes extremely important. In this regard, several trainings programs are initiated and executed across Pakistan but the desired outcomes have not been achieved so far. Hence, this study was conducted to explore the challenges in teacher training in Pakistan and the ways through which these issues can be resolved. The sources for the data of the study were the published studies in the field in the context of Pakistan, national education policy, and other relevant literature. Based on secondary data, the study concludes that the issues with teacher training in Pakistan are administrative as well as faculty related. The findings reveal that the challenges related to policy and planning, poor induction of teachers, lack of resources in teacher training institutions, demotivation among teachers, and unequal distribution of skilled and productive teachers, dual training system and infrequent trainings. These issues can be fixed by fostering encouraging environment, ensuring accountability and merit, providing necessary resources, systematizing professional training programs and their continuation. The findings of this study will, therefore, positively guide policymakers to develop the right and effective policy to improve the standard of teacher education in the country.
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Reid, Michelle. "First Nations Women Workers' Speak, Write and Research Back: Child Welfare and Decolonizing Stories." First Peoples Child & Family Review 2, no. 1 (May 22, 2020): 21–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1069536ar.
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This research is a similar study to Gold’s (1998) study on the promotion of physical and mental health of mainstream female social workers in child welfare. Six First Nations women Child and Family Service (CFS) Social Workers (FNWCFSSW’s) who work in First Nations agencies gathered with me to share individual and collective stories about our CFS experiences. First Nations women and I discussed the impacts of our work on our holistic health, how we coped with the work, and strategies to deal with the issues that we face. This study outlines the research process that we engaged in, and, essentially weaves together the challenges, resilience, innovations, and unique experiences of First Nations women CFS Social Workers in a First Nations setting under a delegated authority model. As a result of these discussions five major themes were identified. The five themes that emerged from this study include the stress of dual accountability, the stresses of unrealistic expectations and multiple roles, the emotional costs and benefits of the intensity of the relationships, the fact that meaningful work gives strength and how the women coped and maintained their holistic health. This study reveals the important need for future participatory research to be conducted with FNWCFSSW and First Nations peoples. Ultimately, this paper speaks to the importance of changing the nature of along-term colonial relationship between Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal peoples within the child welfare system and in dominant mainstream research processes.
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Honeck, Mischa. "Rubble and Rebirth: Postwar Rejuvenation and the Erasure of History." Journal of Social History 53, no. 4 (2020): 889–905. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jsh/shz031.
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Abstract This article weaves together different postwar moments in the first half of the twentieth century to investigate how rejuvenationist narratives of a “fresh start” helped societies across the divides of geography and ideology to recuperate from the ravages of war. Apart from initiating boys and girls into ideologically specific and gendered regimes of citizenship, the older generation crafted reverse rites of passage to absolve themselves of responsibility for violent conflicts that had resulted in unspeakable death and suffering. Youth organizations became key sites for making young bodies useful to the dual task of regenerating war-torn nations and exonerating those whose actions had contributed to war in the first place. The need for acquitting the old was particularly pressing in light of disputes about who was to blame for the loss of young lives—disputes that often carried the tonality of ageism rather than party politics. If recapturing the innocence of youth became tantamount to deflecting questions of guilt and accountability, then bonding with youth allowed powerful men (less so women) who bore the scars of struggle to engage in deliberate acts of erasure. The disremembering of age and history endowed the ruling classes with seemingly innocuous possibilities, especially the possibility to acquire a clean slate on which to forge new collective identities within the redemptive framework of youth. Just as history is distorted by memory, rejuvenation opened up new futures while giving license to forgetting troubling pasts.