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1

Zhao, Di, and Haiwu He. "DSMC: Fast direct simulation Monte Carlo solver for the Boltzmann equation by Multi-Chain Markov Chain and multicore programming." International Journal of Modeling, Simulation, and Scientific Computing 07, no. 02 (2016): 1650009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793962316500094.

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Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) solves the Boltzmann equation with large Knudsen number. The Boltzmann equation generally consists of three terms: the force term, the diffusion term and the collision term. While the first two terms of the Boltzmann equation can be discretized by numerical methods such as the finite volume method, the third term can be approximated by DSMC, and DSMC simulates the physical behaviors of gas molecules. However, because of the low sampling efficiency of Monte Carlo Simulation in DSMC, this part usually occupies large portion of computational costs to solve the
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2

Karthikeyan, Viji, Anil Kumar Tiwari, Agalya Vedi, and Buvana Devaraju. "Input-output linearization of DC-DC converter with discrete sliding mode fuzzy control strategy." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 2 (2022): 1223. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i2.pp1223-1232.

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The major thrust of the paper is on designing a fuzzy logic approach has been combined with a well-known robust technique discrete sliding mode control (DSMC) to develop a new strategy for discrete sliding mode fuzzy control (DSMFC) in direct current (DC-DC) converter. Proposed scheme requires human expertise in the design of the rule base and is inherently stable. It also overcomes the limitation of DSMC, which requires bounds of uncertainty to be known for development of a DSMC control law. The scheme is also applicable to higher order systems unlike model following fuzzy control, where form
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3

Luo, Le, and Ming-Zhong Yang. "Switching Power Supply Control Strategy Based on Monitoring Configuration." Journal of Nanoelectronics and Optoelectronics 16, no. 5 (2021): 766–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jno.2021.2993.

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In this paper, a new discrete-time sliding mode predictive control (DSMPC) strategy with a PID sliding function is proposed for synchronous DC-DC Buck converter. The model predictive control, along with digital sliding mode control (DSMC) is able to further reducing the chattering phenomenon, steady-state error, overshoot, and undershoot of the converter output voltage. The proposed control method implementation only requires output error voltage evaluation. The effectiveness of the proposed DSMPC is proved through simulation results executed by the MATLAB/SIMULINK software. These results demo
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4

Olson, Spencer E., and Andrew J. Christlieb. "Gridless DSMC." Journal of Computational Physics 227, no. 17 (2008): 8035–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2008.04.038.

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5

DE SOCIO, L. M., and L. MARINO. "SIMULATION AND MODELLING OF FLOWS BETWEEN ROTATING CYLINDERS." Mathematical Models and Methods in Applied Sciences 10, no. 01 (2000): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218202500000069.

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The equations which govern a number of models for flows between rotating cylinders at different Knudsen numbers are solved numerically by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMCM) to show their limitations. The DSMC code was firstly tested and validated against existing experimental data and then its results represented the reference data base for evaluating the characteristics of each model.
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Zhang, Qing-Wei, La-Mei Teng, Xin-Tian Zhang, et al. "Narrow-band imaging in the diagnosis of deep submucosal colorectal cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis." Endoscopy 49, no. 06 (2017): 564–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-103014.

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Abstract Background and aims Magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (M-NBI) has been widely used in the differential diagnosis of deep submucosal colorectal cancers (dSMCs) from superficial submucosal cancers (sSMCs) and intramucosal neoplasms. We aimed to pool the diagnostic efficacy of M-NBI and compare it with that of magnifying chromoendoscopy (M-CE) in diagnosing colorectal dSMC. Methods PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify eligible studies. Meeting abstracts were also searched. A bivariate mixed-effects binary regression model was used in the meta-ana
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7

Xiao, Hong, Yuhe Shang, and Di Wu. "DSMC Simulation and Experimental Validation of Shock Interaction in Hypersonic Low Density Flow." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/732765.

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Direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) of shock interaction in hypersonic low density flow is developed. Three collision molecular models, including hard sphere (HS), variable hard sphere (VHS), and variable soft sphere (VSS), are employed in the DSMC study. The simulations of double-cone and Edney’s type IV hypersonic shock interactions in low density flow are performed. Comparisons between DSMC and experimental data are conducted. Investigation of the double-cone hypersonic flow shows that three collision molecular models can predict the trend of pressure coefficient and the Stanton number. HS
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8

Yan, T. H., B. Wu, B. He, W. H. Li, and R. B. Wang. "A Novel Fuzzy Sliding-Mode Control for Discrete-Time Uncertain System." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2016 (2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/1530760.

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This paper considers the sliding-mode control problem for discrete-time uncertain systems. It begins by presenting a discrete variable speed reaching law and a discrete-time sliding-mode controller (DSMC) designed using the proposed reaching law, followed by an analysis of their stability and dynamic performance. A sliding-mode controller with simple fuzzy logic is then proposed to further strengthen the dynamic performance of the proposed sliding-mode controller. Finally, the presented DSMC and the DSMC with fuzzy control for adjusting the parameters in this paper are compared with one of the
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9

Burt, Jonathan M., and Iain D. Boyd. "Convergence Detection in Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Calculations for Steady State Flows." Communications in Computational Physics 10, no. 4 (2011): 807–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.090210.311210a.

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AbstractA new criterion is presented to detect global convergence to steady state, and to identify local transient characteristics, during rarefied gas flow simulations performed using the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. Unlike deterministic computational fluid dynamics (CFD) schemes, DSMC is generally subject to large statistical scatter in instantaneous flow property evaluations, which prevents the use of residual tracking procedures as are often employed in CFD simulations. However, reliable prediction of the time to reach steady state is necessary for initialization of DSMC sa
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10

Di Staso, G., H. J. H. Clercx, S. Succi, and F. Toschi. "Lattice Boltzmann accelerated direct simulation Monte Carlo for dilute gas flow simulations." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 374, no. 2080 (2016): 20160226. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2016.0226.

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Hybrid particle–continuum computational frameworks permit the simulation of gas flows by locally adjusting the resolution to the degree of non-equilibrium displayed by the flow in different regions of space and time. In this work, we present a new scheme that couples the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) with the lattice Boltzmann (LB) method in the limit of isothermal flows. The former handles strong non-equilibrium effects, as they typically occur in the vicinity of solid boundaries, whereas the latter is in charge of the bulk flow, where non-equilibrium can be dealt with perturbatively,
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11

CHAO, LIU, SANG KYU KWAK, and SANTOSH ANSUMALI. "DIRECT SIMULATION MONTE CARLO FOR DENSE HARD SPHERES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 25, no. 01 (2013): 1340023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183113400238.

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We propose a modified direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, which extends the validity of DSMC from rarefied to dense system of hard spheres (HSs). To assess this adapted method, transport properties of hard-sphere (HS) systems have been predicted both at dense states as well as dilute, and we observed the excellent accuracy over existing DSMC-based algorithms including the Enskog theory. The present approach provides an intuitive and systematic way to accelerate molecular dynamics (MD) via mesoscale approach.
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12

Paul, Satyam, and Ruben Morales-Menendez. "Chatter Mitigation in Milling Process Using Discrete Time Sliding Mode Control with Type 2-Fuzzy Logic System." Applied Sciences 9, no. 20 (2019): 4380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app9204380.

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In order to achieve a high-quality machining process with superior productivity, it is very important to tackle the phenomenon of chatter in an effective manner. The problems like tool wear and improper surface finish affect the milling process and are caused by self-induced vibration termed as chatter. A strategy to control chatter vibration actively in the milling process is presented. The mathematical modeling of the process is carried out initially. In this paper, an innovative technique of discrete time sliding mode control (DSMC) is blended with the type-2 fuzzy logic system. The propose
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13

Yan, Jun-Juh, and Teh-Lu Liao. "Discrete sliding mode control for hybrid synchronization of continuous Lorenz systems with matched/unmatched disturbances." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 40, no. 5 (2017): 1417–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331216683773.

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This paper is concerned with the hybrid synchronization of master-slave Lorenz systems with uncertainties. A new systematic design procedure to synchronize continuous master-slave Lorenz chaotic systems is proposed by using a discrete sliding mode control (DSMC). In contrast to the previous works, the design of DSMC can be simplified and only a single controller is needed to realize chaos synchronization. The proposed DSMC ensures the occurrence of the sliding mode. When the controlled system is in the sliding manifold, the effect of disturbances including matched and unmatched cases are discu
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14

Ren, Xiang, Junya Yuan, Bijiao He, Mingxing Zhang, and Guobiao Cai. "Grid criteria for numerical simulation of hypersonic aerothermodynamics in transition regime." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 881 (October 24, 2019): 585–601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2019.756.

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Grid is an important factor in numerical simulation of hypersonic aerothermodynamics. This paper introduces three criteria for determining grid size in the transition flow regime when using the computational fluid dynamics (CFD) method or the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The numerical relationship between these three criteria sizes is deduced according to the one-dimensional fluid theory. Then, the relationship is verified using the CFD method to simulate the flow around a two-dimensional cylinder. At the same time, the dependence of simulation accuracy on grid size in the CFD
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15

Misawa, E. A. "Discrete-Time Sliding Mode Control: The Linear Case." Journal of Dynamic Systems, Measurement, and Control 119, no. 4 (1997): 819–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2802396.

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This paper discusses the application of a class of discrete-time sliding mode controllers (DSMC) which was previously shown to be robustly stable. Further insight into design and performance of DSMC is obtained considering the case of linear plants. A simple numerical example is used to illustrate the properties of this technique.
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16

Liu, Bo, De Chun Ba, Li Hua Fan, and Li Nan Zhou. "The Numerical Simulation Research of Disk-Type Molecular Pump Based on DSMC Method." Applied Mechanics and Materials 423-426 (September 2013): 2054–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.423-426.2054.

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First, the basic principle of the DSMC method is introduced, which include simulating process, calculating of collision and key technique about simulation. Then a detailed process of simulation analysis to Disk-type Molecular Pumps extraction process based on DSMC method, is described, such as establishing geometric model, meshing, selection of collision model, boundary simulation, etc. At last, the ongoing work is pointed out .
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17

Liang, Tengfei, and Wenjing Ye. "An Efficient Hybrid DSMC/MD Algorithm for Accurate Modeling of Micro Gas Flows." Communications in Computational Physics 15, no. 1 (2014): 246–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.141112.160513a.

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AbstractAiming at simulating micro gas flows with accurate boundary conditions, an efficient hybrid algorithm is developed by combining the molecular dynamics (MD) method with the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method. The efficiency comes from the fact that the MD method is applied only within the gas-wall interaction layer, characterized by the cut-off distance of the gas-solid interaction potential, to resolve accurately the gas-wall interaction process, while the DSMC method is employed in the remaining portion of the flow field to efficiently simulate rarefied gas transport outside
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18

Yang, Fuxiang, Jie Li, Chuanfu Xu, Dali Li, Haozhong Qiu, and Ao Xu. "MPI Parallelization of Numerical Simulations for Pulsed Vacuum Arc Plasma Plumes Based on a Hybrid DSMC/PIC Algorithm." Aerospace 9, no. 10 (2022): 538. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/aerospace9100538.

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The transport characteristics of the unsteady flow field in rarefied plasma plumes is crucial for a pulsed vacuum arc in which the particle distribution varies from 1016 to 1022 m−3. The direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method and particle-in-cell (PIC) method are generally combined to study this kind of flow field. The DSMC method simulates the motion of neutral particles, while the PIC method simulates the motion of charged ions. A hybrid DSMC/PIC algorithm is investigated here to determine the unsteady axisymmetric flow characteristics of vacuum arc plasma plume expansion. Numerical sim
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19

USAMI, Masaru, and Hiroyuki FURUKAWA. "DSMC Calculation on Underexpanded Jets." AEROSPACE TECHNOLOGY JAPAN, THE JAPAN SOCIETY FOR AERONAUTICAL AND SPACE SCIENCES 15 (2016): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2322/astj.15.117.

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Fang, X., and J. Tang. "A Direct Simulation Monte Carlo Approach for the Analysis of Granular Damping." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics 2, no. 2 (2006): 180–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2447502.

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Granular damping, which possesses promising features for vibration suppression in harsh environments such as in turbo-machinery and spacecraft, has been studied using empirical analysis and more recently using the discrete element method (DEM). The mechanism of granular damping is nonlinear and, when numerical analyses are employed, usually a relatively long simulation time of structural vibration is needed to reflect the damping behavior. The present research explores the granular damping analysis by means of the direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) approach. Unlike the DEM that tracks the mo
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AHMADZADEGAN, AMIR, JOHN WEN, and METIN RENKSIZBULUT. "THE ROLE OF THE VELOCITY DISTRIBUTION IN THE DSMC PRESSURE BOUNDARY CONDITION FOR GAS MIXTURES." International Journal of Modern Physics C 23, no. 12 (2012): 1250087. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183112500878.

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A prescribed pressure is the most common flow boundary condition used in flow simulations. In the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, boundary pressure is controlled by the number flux of the simulating molecules entering the domain. In the conventional DSMC algorithm, this number flux is calculated iteratively using sampled values of velocity and number density by means of an expression derived from the Maxwell distribution function. It is known that this procedure does not work well for low speed flows which are of interest in most micro-flow applications and the statistical scatter
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22

Huang, Juan-Chen, Kun Xu, and Pubing Yu. "A Unified Gas-Kinetic Scheme for Continuum and Rarefied Flows III: Microflow Simulations." Communications in Computational Physics 14, no. 5 (2013): 1147–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/cicp.190912.080213a.

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AbstractDue to the rapid advances in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS), the study of microflows becomes increasingly important. Currently, the molecular-based simulation techniques are the most reliable methods for rarefied flow computation, even though these methods face statistical scattering problem in the low speed limit. With discretized particle velocity space, a unified gas-kinetic scheme (UGKS) for entire Knudsen number flow has been constructed recently for flow computation. Contrary to the particle-based direct simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, the unified scheme is a parti
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Schrock, Christopher R., and Aihua W. Wood. "Convergence of A Distributional Monte Carlo Method for the Boltzmann Equation." Advances in Applied Mathematics and Mechanics 4, no. 1 (2012): 102–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4208/aamm.10-m11113.

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AbstractDirect Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) methods for the Boltzmann equation employ a point measure approximation to the distribution function, as simulated particles may possess only a single velocity. This representation limits the method to converge only weakly to the solution of the Boltzmann equation. Utilizing kernel density estimation we have developed a stochastic Boltzmann solver which possesses strong convergence for bounded and L∞ solutions of the Boltzmann equation. This is facilitated by distributing the velocity of each simulated particle instead of using the point measure app
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Kurihara, J., K. I. Oyama, N. Iwagami, and T. Takahashi. "Numerical simulation of 3-D flow around sounding rocket in the lower thermosphere." Annales Geophysicae 24, no. 1 (2006): 89–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/angeo-24-89-2006.

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Abstract. Numerical simulations using the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method are known to be useful for analyses of aerodynamic effects on in-situ rocket measurements in the lower thermosphere, but the DSMC analysis of a spin modulation caused by an asymmetric flow around the rocket spin axis has been restricted to the two-dimensional and axially symmetric simulations in actual sounding rocket experiments. This study provides a quantitative analysis of the spin modulation using a three-dimensional (3-D) simulation of the asymmetric flow with the DSMC method. Clear spin modulations in
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Zribi, Mohamed, Muthana T. Alrifai, and Nejib Smaoui. "Control of Chaos in a Single Machine Infinite Bus Power System Using the Discrete Sliding Mode Control Technique." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2018 (June 6, 2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5758324.

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Under certain conditions, power systems may exhibit chaotic behaviors which are harmful and undesirable. In this paper, the discrete time sliding mode control technique is used to control a chaotic power system. The objective of the control is to eliminate the chaotic oscillations and to bring order to the power system. Two discrete time sliding mode control (DSMC) schemes are proposed for a fourth order discrete time chaotic power system. The first DSMC control scheme is based on the well-known exponential reaching law. The second DSMC control scheme is based on the recently developed double
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Boyd, I. D. "Temperature dependence of rotational relaxation in shock waves of nitrogen." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 246 (January 1993): 343–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112093000163.

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Computations are presented for one-dimensional Shockwaves of diatomic nitrogen. The direct simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC) is employed. A model which allows the use of the Sutherland viscosity model in the DSMC technique is further developed to include the modelling of rotational relaxation. This is achieved by employing a temperature-dependent expression for the rotational collision number to simulate the rate of relaxation, in contrast to earlier DSMC studies which employed a constant value for the collision number. The behaviour of the new model is first considered for rotational relax
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Karthikeyan, Viji, Anil Kumar Tiwari, and Chitra Kandasamy. "Real time hardware implementation of discrete sliding mode fuzzy controlled buck converter using digital signal processor." International Journal of Electrical and Computer Engineering (IJECE) 12, no. 5 (2022): 4801. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v12i5.pp4801-4807.

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This paper deals with the real time hardware implementation of discrete sliding mode fuzzy control (DSMFC) for buck converter using digital signal processor (DSP). Applications like electric vehicle suspension control, flight dynamic control, robot position control and engine throttle position control; sliding mode control (SMC) plays a major role. Hardware realization is difficult with SMC strategy due to the continuous gain change results in chattering problem and actuator or contact may break. To resolve this problem the fuzzy logic (FL) approach has combined with the robust technique discr
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Jeon, Woojin, Seungwook Baek, Jaehyun Park, and Dongsung Ha. "Rocket Plume Analysis with DSMC Method." Journal of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers 18, no. 5 (2014): 54–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.6108/kspe.2014.18.5.054.

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Furukawa, Yusuke, Yasuhiro Kawano, and Masaru Usami. "0119 DSMC Calculation of Vortex Shedding." Proceedings of the Fluids engineering conference 2009 (2009): 41–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmefed.2009.41.

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30

Lian, Yu-Yung, Yen-Sen Chen, K. C. Tseng, J. S. Wu, Bill Wu, and Luke Yang. "Improved parallelized hybrid DSMC–NS method." Computers & Fluids 45, no. 1 (2011): 254–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compfluid.2010.12.015.

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Masao, Yusuke, Masaya Okano, and Mitsuhiro Matsumoto. "DSMC scheme to study phonon dynamics." Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (2011): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12206-010-1111-z.

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Mozaffari, Mohammad Sajjad, and Ehsan Roohi. "On the thermally-driven gas flow through divergent micro/nanochannels." International Journal of Modern Physics C 28, no. 12 (2017): 1750143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129183117501431.

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A detailed study on thermally driven flows through divergent micro/nanochannels is presented. Rarefied gas flow behavior and thermal mass flow rate were investigated with different divergence angles ranging between 0[Formula: see text] and 7[Formula: see text] at two aspect ratios ([Formula: see text]) using particle-based direct simulation Monte-Carlo (DSMC) method. We compare our DSMC solutions for normalized thermal mass flow rate with the numerical solution of the Boltzmann–Krook–Walender (BKW) model and Bhatnagar–Gross–Krook (BGK) model and asymptotic theory over a wide range of Knudsen n
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Karami-Mollaee, Ali, Hamed Tirandaz, and Oscar Barambones. "Dynamic sliding mode position control of induction motors based load torque compensation using adaptive state observer." COMPEL - The international journal for computation and mathematics in electrical and electronic engineering 37, no. 6 (2018): 2249–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/compel-12-2017-0525.

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Purpose The purpose of this paper is position control scheme for a servo induction motor (SIM) with uncertainty has been designed using a new observer issue and a dynamic sliding mode control (DSMC). Design/methodology/approach In DSMC, the chattering is removed due to the integrator (or a low-pass filter) which is placed before the input control of the plant. However, in DSMC, the augmented system has one dimension bigger than the actual system (if integrator is used) and then, the plant model should be completely known. To solve this problem in SIM, the use of a new adaptive state observer (
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Guo, Li Dong, Li Xin Yang, and He Ming Jia. "Dynamic Sliding-Mode Control with Backstepping for Underactuated AUV in Diving Plane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 220-223 (November 2012): 1148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.220-223.1148.

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A dynamic sliding-mode control (DSMC) with backstepping is proposed for diving control of autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV), where surge force and stern plane are only available for vehicle's 3DOF diving motion. First, an equivalent model of AUV is developed. Then, the DSMC with an asymptotical sliding surface is proposed for the trajectory tracking control of AUV. Moreover, the analysis of stability can be completed by Lyapunov stability theory. Finally, To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, the simulation results are illustrated in this paper. simulation results show tha
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Anile, Marcello A., Jose A. Carrillo, Irene M. Gamba, and Chi-Wang Shu. "Approximation of the BTE by a Relaxation-time Operator: Simulations for a 50 nm-channel Si Diode." VLSI Design 13, no. 1-4 (2001): 349–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2001/35094.

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In this work we present comparisons between DSMC simulations of the full BTE and deterministic simulations of a relaxation-time approximation for a nowadays size Si diode. We assume a field dependent relaxation time fitted to give the same drift speed (mean velocity) as DSMC simulations for bulk Si. We compute the density, mean velocity, force field, potential drop, energy and I-V curves of both models and plot the pdf of the deterministic relaxation-time model. We also compare the results to augmented drift-diffusion models proposed in the literature to approximate the relaxation time system
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Latosiński, Paweł, and Andrzej Bartoszewicz. "Zero-Width Quasi-Sliding Mode Band in the Presence of Non-Matched Uncertainties." Energies 14, no. 11 (2021): 3011. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14113011.

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Sliding mode control strategies are well known for ensuring robustness of the system with respect to disturbance and model uncertainties. For continuous-time plants, they achieve this property by confining the system state to a particular hyperplane in the state space. Contrary to this, discrete-time sliding mode control (DSMC) strategies only drive the system representative point to a certain vicinity of that hyperplane. In established literature on DSMC, the width of this vicinity has always been strictly greater than zero in the presence of uncertainties. Thus, ideal sliding motion was cons
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Beckmann, Alexander, Anirudh Rana, Manuel Torrilhon, and Henning Struchtrup. "Evaporation Boundary Conditions for the Linear R13 Equations Based on the Onsager Theory." Entropy 20, no. 9 (2018): 680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e20090680.

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Due to the failure of the continuum hypothesis for higher Knudsen numbers, rarefied gases and microflows of gases are particularly difficult to model. Macroscopic transport equations compete with particle methods, such as the Direct Simulation Monte Carlo method (DSMC), to find accurate solutions in the rarefied gas regime. Due to growing interest in micro flow applications, such as micro fuel cells, it is important to model and understand evaporation in this flow regime. Here, evaporation boundary conditions for the R13 equations, which are macroscopic transport equations with applicability i
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SUGIYAMA, Ken-ichiro, Hideji YOSHIDA, and Ryoji ISHIGURO. "Simulation of Potassium Condensation by DSMC Method." Journal of the Atomic Energy Society of Japan / Atomic Energy Society of Japan 36, no. 10 (1994): 976–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3327/jaesj.36.976.

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39

Wadsworth, Dean C., and Ingrid J. Wysong. "Vibrational favoring effect in DSMC dissociation models." Physics of Fluids 9, no. 12 (1997): 3873–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.869487.

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Gimelshein, Sergey, and Ingrid Wysong. "DSMC modeling of flows with recombination reactions." Physics of Fluids 29, no. 6 (2017): 067106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4986529.

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USAMI, Masaru, and Tetsuo OGAWA. "Automatic Programming System of the DSMC Method." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2003.6 (2003): 187–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2003.6.0_187.

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Wu, J. S., K. C. Tseng, and T. J. Yang. "Parallel Implementation of DSMC Using Unstructured Mesh." International Journal of Computational Fluid Dynamics 17, no. 5 (2003): 405–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1061856031000081497.

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Huang, Fei, Xuhong Jin, Wenlong Mei, and Xiaoli Cheng. "A New Parallel Algorithm of DSMC Method." Procedia Engineering 126 (2015): 622–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2015.11.250.

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44

Bird, G. A. "Recent advances and current challenges for DSMC." Computers & Mathematics with Applications 35, no. 1-2 (1998): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0898-1221(97)00254-x.

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Liou, W. W., and Y. Fang. "Heat transfer in microchannel devices using DSMC." Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems 10, no. 2 (2001): 274–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/84.925780.

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Matsuda, Takuya, Hiromi Mizutani, and Henri M. J. Boffin. "Application of DSMC method to astrophysical flows." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 208 (2003): 425–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900207584.

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Abstract:
The Direct Simulation Monte Carlo (DSMC) method, developed originally to calculate rarefied gas dynamical problems, is applied to continuous flow including shocks assuming that the Knudsen number is sufficiently small. In particular, we study the formation of spiral shocks in the accretion disc of a close binary system. The method involves viscosity and thermal conduction automatically, and can thus simulate turbulent viscosity.
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Mohammadzadeh, Alireza, and Henning Struchtrup. "Velocity dependent Maxwell boundary conditions in DSMC." International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer 87 (August 2015): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2015.03.045.

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Gallis, M. A., J. R. Torczynski, D. J. Rader, and G. A. Bird. "Convergence behavior of a new DSMC algorithm." Journal of Computational Physics 228, no. 12 (2009): 4532–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcp.2009.03.021.

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Berg, J. J., D. B. Goldstein, P. L. Varghese, and L. M. Trafton. "DSMC simulation of Europa water vapor plumes." Icarus 277 (October 2016): 370–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2016.05.030.

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Wu, J. S., and K. C. Tseng. "Parallel DSMC method using dynamic domain decomposition." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 63, no. 1 (2005): 37–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1232.

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