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Malkus, B. M., and Amy J. Malkus. "Using the DSM-IV-TR in Addictions." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2002. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/4322.
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Fröhlich, Christine, Frank Jacobi, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-105073.
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Background: Despite an abundance of questionnaire data, the prevalence of clinically significant and medically unexplained pain syndromes in the general population has rarely been examined with a rigid personal-interview methodology. Objective To examine the prevalence of pain syndromes and DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population and the association with other mental disorders, as well as effects on disability and health-care utilization.
Methods: Analyses were based on a community sample of 4.181 participants 18–65 years old; diagnostic variables were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview (M-CIDI).
Results: The 12-month prevalence for DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population was 8.1%; more than 53% showed concurrent anxiety and mood disorders. Subjects with pain disorder revealed significantly poorer quality of life, greater disability, and higher health-care utilization rates compared to cases with pain below the diagnostic threshold. The majority had more than one type of pain, with excessive headache being the most frequent type.
Conclusions: Even when stringent diagnostic criteria are used, pain disorder ranks among the most prevalent conditions in the community. The joint effects of high prevalence in all age groups, substantial disability, and increased health services utilization result in a substantial total burden, exceeding that of depression and anxiety.
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Samuel, Douglas B. "COMPARING PERSONALITY DISORDER MODELS: FFM AND DSM-IV-TR." Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10225/884.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2008.Title from document title page (viewed on October 30, 2008). Document formatted into pages; contains: vi, 43 p. Includes abstract and vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 33-39).
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Graetz, Brian William. "Gender patterns among DSM-IV attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder subtypes /." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phg735.pdf.
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Valentine, Lisa M. "PTSD Symptoms and Dominant Emotional Response to a Traumatic Event: An Examination of DSM-IV Criterion A2." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2011. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc84294/.
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To qualify for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder the DSM-IV requires that individuals report dominant emotions of fear, helplessness, and horror during the trauma. Despite this stipulation, traumatic events can elicit a myriad of emotions other than fear such as anger, guilt or shame, sadness, and numbing. The present study examined which emotional reactions to a stressful event in a college student sample are associated with the highest levels of PTSD symptoms. Results suggest mixed support for the DSM-IV criteria. Although participants who experienced a dominant emotion of fear reported high PTSD symptomatology, participants who experienced anger, disgust-related emotions, and sadness reported PTSD symptoms of equivalent severity. Participants also reported experiencing other emotions more frequently than they reported experiencing fear. Coping style was unrelated to dominant emotion experienced; however, dysfunctional coping was associated with worse outcomes in terms of PTSD symptoms. These results have diagnostic and treatment limitations.
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Alfano, Candice A. "Examination of the overlap between DSM-111-R overanxious disorder and DSM-IV generalized anxiety disorder in childhood." FIU Digital Commons, 2000. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1064.
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Since DSM-III-R criteria for Overanxious Disorder (OAD) was subsumed under Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD) in DSM-IV, three studies have investigated the overlap between the diagnoses. Although two studies have identified children meeting both OAD and GAD criteria (OAD/GAD group), a third study has identified children who met criteria for OAD, but not GAD (OAD group). Based on finding these two groups of children, we examined whether children in the OAD group (n= 30) could be differentiated from children in the OAD/GAD group (n=81) based on self and parent report of anxious symptoms and level of functional impairment. Conditional probability rates were also calculated for each of the DSM anxious symptoms to determine their overall clinicalutility. Findings revealed that the OAD group of children experienced fewer anxious symptoms than children in the OAD/GAD group, though both groups showed some amount of impairment. The implications for research and practice are discussed.
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Krane, Erica A. "Functional impairments associated with DSM-IV diagnosed adult attention-deficithyperactivity disorder." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=82905.
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It has recently been recognized that adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a valid disorder (Gadow & Weiss, 2001). Much less is known, however, about the assessment of ADHD, and about the functional impairments associated with ADHD, in adults compared to children. The objective of the present study was to characterize the functional impairments in DSM-IV diagnosed ADHD adults compared to community control adults and clinic-referred adults reporting symptoms of inattention, hyperactivity and/or impulsivity who did not meet symptom thresholds for the disorder. Method. The sample for this study consisted of 120 adults: 47 adults with ADHD, 43 clinic-referred adults who did not meet criteria for ADHD, and 30 community control adults. All were assessed with a comprehensive battery assessing psychiatric, cognitive, school, and driving impairment. Results. ADHD adults showed significantly more impairment than community control adults on all outcome measures. ADHD adults had subtle cognitive deficits, and higher rates of lifetime conduct problems compared to clinic-comparison adults. ADHD adults did not differ reliably from clinic-comparison adults on measures of internalizing disorders, school problems, or driving impairment. Clinic-comparison adults showed significantly more impairment than community control adults on measures of psychiatric functioning and school impairment. Conclusions. DSM-IV diagnosed ADHD adults show a pattern of clinical features that mirrors well-documented findings among children with the disorder, and show significantly greater impairment than do community control adults. Adults meeting some, but not all, criteria for ADHD fall in between ADHD adults and community control adults, and may warrant treatment. Our results highlight the importance of assessing ADHD in adults in a manner that attends to the potential reduced sensitivity of the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for use in adult populations (Faraon
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Gomez, Tracy L. "Debunking the DSM-IV, a look at scripture and mental illness." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2005. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p091-0044.
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Brady, Sharon. "Societal representations of dsm-iv-tr personality disorder criteria : an examination of dsm and dimensional assessment of personality pathology structures." Thesis, Ulster University, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.542224.
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This research provides an examination of DSM personality disorder criteria using the DSM-IV-TR Axis II and Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology (DAPP) frameworks. Data. The British Psychiatric Morbidity of Adults Living in Private Households, 2000 (BPMS) survey, an epidemiological study covering England, Scotland and Wales (n=8580) was obtained from the UK Data Archives at the University of Essex. The personality disorder section of the interview was measured by self-report methods using the SCID-II (Structured Clinical Interview for DSM Axis II Disorders) screening questionnaire. Methods. The statistical software programme MplusTM version 5.21 was used to carry out statistical analyses. Item response theory (IRT) methods produced discriminatory and severity characteristics of the DSM personality disorder criteria. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was utilized to examine the latent factors of the DSM personality disorders and clusters, and DAPP primary traits and domains. Hybrid modelling that combines CFA with latent class analysis techniques (LCFA) identified sub-populations within both the DSM and DAPP structures. Binomial logistic regression analyses of these sub-populations provided examination of group characteristics. Results. IRT item characteristic parameters indicated a number of DSM personality disorder are not performing well in terms of the underlying 11 disorders and domains. CFA indicated good model fit for the structures on inclusion of a number of extra specified relationships between some criteria. LCFA identified sub-populations that differ in terms of severity and likelihoods of criteria endorsements. Conclusions. IRT and LCFA both confirm that a number of criteria used for the assessment of personality disorder have poor discriminant validity, and these should be reviewed as indicators in new guidelines. Analyses at sub-population levels provide support for dimensional trait-type representations of personality disorder, and have provided useful profiles for hidden groups that have not been previously identified and should be of interest for clinicians, policy-makers and working groups for future editions of psychiatric guidelines.
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Baumann, Andreas. "DSM IV und Fagerström: Korrelation von Nikotinabhängigkeit, soziodemographischen Faktoren und persönlichen Rauchgewohnheiten." Diss., lmu, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-82957.
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Proudfoot, Heather Public Health & Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "DSM-IV alcohol use disorders in Australia: validity, prevalence and treatment seeking." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/26323.
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Alcohol use disorders are common and make a significant contribution to the burden of disease throughout the world. This is especially true among the younger age groups. Although these disorders are common, evidence suggests that those affected do not seek help for their disorders. In order to understand this, reviews of the treatment literature and the epidemiological data on prevalence and correlates of alcohol use disorders and treatment seeking are presented. These reviews confirm that effective treatments exist and that screening in primary care can be efficacious. The reviews also highlight deficits such as the need for more epidemiological evidence on the validity of DSM definitions of alcohol use disorders and for more Australian data on the prevalence and correlates of the disorders and related treatment seeking. This thesis sets out to address these deficits applying sophisticated statistical techniques to data from a large nationally representative Australian sample. A confirmatory factor analysis of the eleven criteria that specify alcohol dependence and abuse examined the validity of DSM-IV definitions of alcohol use disorders and the best solution was found to be a single factor, not two as currently defined. These findings question the bi-axial nature of alcohol use disorders that has underpinned their definition since the publication of DSM-III-R in 1987. Data from this national sample also confirm that, in line with research from other western countries, Australians have high levels of alcohol use disorders, especially amongst males and younger people. Also no association was found between alcohol dependence and treatment seeking, and young people were least likely to seek treatment. However, a relatively large proportion of young people who drink had been in contact with their GPs in the past year; demonstrating that there is ample opportunity for screening and referral for treatment for alcohol use disorders in this vulnerable group. This research has found that although alcohol disorders are not necessarily associated with disability, there are those who can benefit from treatment. It suggests that outcomes for such individuals may be improved by better specification of disorders as well as improved access to best treatments.
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Baumann, Andreas. "DSM IV und Fagerström : Korrelation von Nikotinabhängigkeit, soziodemographischen Faktoren und persönlichen Rauchgewohnheiten." kostenfrei, 2008. http://edoc.ub.uni-muenchen.de/8295/.
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Neumer, Simon-Peter. "Beiträge zur gemischten Angst-Depression als DSM-IV-Forschungsdiagnose : Probleme und Perspektiven /." Berlin : Wissenschaftlicher Verlag Berlin, 2000. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=009114150&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Noack, René, Michael Höfler, and Ulrike Lüken. "Cannabis Use Patterns and Their Association with DSM-IV Cannabis Dependence and Gender." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2014. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-133103.
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Aims: To investigate the gender differences in the patterns of cannabis use (CU), namely frequency, times of day, social context and methods and in their association with DSM-IV cannabis dependence. Methods: A sample of 3,904 students from German universities was recruited via an internet survey. Logistic regressions and associated areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated among current cannabis users (at least once a month, n = 843). Results: CU using a water pipe was more often reported by males (50 vs. 34.6%). Usual CU ‘before going to sleep at night’ was more often reported by females (47.3 vs. 35.7%). Most CU patterns showed a similar association with DSM-IV cannabis dependence in both genders. The association of CU ‘with strangers’ was stronger in females (AUC 0.68 vs. AUC 0.56). Slightly different multiple models were found (females AUC 0.86, males AUC 0.77). Conclusions: There are considerable gender differences in the CU patterns and, thus, in the way CU functions. In the association of CU patterns with cannabis dependence, the similarities are rather great. Examining the CU patterns might make a considerable contribution to the better detection of high-risk population segments for prevention and early intervention in both gendersDieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich
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Kessler, Ronald C., Joseph R. Calabrese, P. A. Farley, Michael J. Gruber, Mark A. Jewell, Wayne Katon, Jr Paul E. Keck, et al. "Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales for DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-129425.
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Background Lack of coordination between screening studies for common mental disorders in primary care and community epidemiological samples impedes progress in clinical epidemiology. Short screening scales based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the diagnostic interview used in community epidemiological surveys throughout the world, were developed to address this problem.
Method Expert reviews and cognitive interviews generated CIDI screening scale (CIDI-SC) item pools for 30-day DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These items were administered to 3058 unselected patients in 29 US primary care offices. Blinded SCID clinical reinterviews were administered to 206 of these patients, oversampling screened positives.
Results Stepwise regression selected optimal screening items to predict clinical diagnoses. Excellent concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between continuous CIDI-SC and DSM-IV/SCID diagnoses of 30-day MDE (0.93), GAD (0.88), PD (0.90) and BPD (0.97), with only 9–38 questions needed to administer all scales. CIDI-SC versus SCID prevalence differences are insignificant at the optimal CIDI-SC diagnostic thresholds (χ2 1 = 0.0–2.9, p = 0.09–0.94). Individual-level diagnostic concordance at these thresholds is substantial (AUC 0.81–0.86, sensitivity 68.0–80.2%, specificity 90.1–98.8%). Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) exceeds 10 and LR− is 0.1 or less at informative thresholds for all diagnoses.
Conclusions CIDI-SC operating characteristics are equivalent (MDE, GAD) or superior (PD, BPD) to those of the best alternative screening scales. CIDI-SC results can be compared directly to general population CIDI survey results or used to target and streamline second-stage CIDIs.
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Kessler, Ronald C., Joseph R. Calabrese, P. A. Farley, Michael J. Gruber, Mark A. Jewell, Wayne Katon, Jr Paul E. Keck, et al. "Composite International Diagnostic Interview screening scales for DSM-IV anxiety and mood disorders." Technische Universität Dresden, 2012. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27327.
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Background Lack of coordination between screening studies for common mental disorders in primary care and community epidemiological samples impedes progress in clinical epidemiology. Short screening scales based on the World Health Organization (WHO) Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), the diagnostic interview used in community epidemiological surveys throughout the world, were developed to address this problem.
Method Expert reviews and cognitive interviews generated CIDI screening scale (CIDI-SC) item pools for 30-day DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE), generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder (PD) and bipolar disorder (BPD). These items were administered to 3058 unselected patients in 29 US primary care offices. Blinded SCID clinical reinterviews were administered to 206 of these patients, oversampling screened positives.
Results Stepwise regression selected optimal screening items to predict clinical diagnoses. Excellent concordance [area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC)] was found between continuous CIDI-SC and DSM-IV/SCID diagnoses of 30-day MDE (0.93), GAD (0.88), PD (0.90) and BPD (0.97), with only 9–38 questions needed to administer all scales. CIDI-SC versus SCID prevalence differences are insignificant at the optimal CIDI-SC diagnostic thresholds (χ2 1 = 0.0–2.9, p = 0.09–0.94). Individual-level diagnostic concordance at these thresholds is substantial (AUC 0.81–0.86, sensitivity 68.0–80.2%, specificity 90.1–98.8%). Likelihood ratio positive (LR+) exceeds 10 and LR− is 0.1 or less at informative thresholds for all diagnoses.
Conclusions CIDI-SC operating characteristics are equivalent (MDE, GAD) or superior (PD, BPD) to those of the best alternative screening scales. CIDI-SC results can be compared directly to general population CIDI survey results or used to target and streamline second-stage CIDIs.
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Noack, René, Michael Höfler, and Ulrike Lüken. "Cannabis Use Patterns and Their Association with DSM-IV Cannabis Dependence and Gender." Karger, 2011. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27489.
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Aims: To investigate the gender differences in the patterns of cannabis use (CU), namely frequency, times of day, social context and methods and in their association with DSM-IV cannabis dependence.
Methods: A sample of 3,904 students from German universities was recruited via an internet survey. Logistic regressions and associated areas under the ROC curve (AUC) were calculated among current cannabis users (at least once a month, n = 843).
Results: CU using a water pipe was more often reported by males (50 vs. 34.6%). Usual CU ‘before going to sleep at night’ was more often reported by females (47.3 vs. 35.7%). Most CU patterns showed a similar association with DSM-IV cannabis dependence in both genders. The association of CU ‘with strangers’ was stronger in females (AUC 0.68 vs. AUC 0.56). Slightly different multiple models were found (females AUC 0.86, males AUC 0.77).
Conclusions: There are considerable gender differences in the CU patterns and, thus, in the way CU functions. In the association of CU patterns with cannabis dependence, the similarities are rather great. Examining the CU patterns might make a considerable contribution to the better detection of high-risk population segments for prevention and early intervention in both genders.Dieser Beitrag ist mit Zustimmung des Rechteinhabers aufgrund einer (DFG-geförderten) Allianz- bzw. Nationallizenz frei zugänglich.
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Maciel, Laura de Amorim [UNIFESP]. "Análise dos critérios diagnósticos de dependência (DSM-IV) entre usuários diários de maconha." Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), 2009. http://repositorio.unifesp.br/handle/11600/8931.
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Previous issue date: 2009-02-27Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)
Associação Fundo de Incentivo à Psicofarmacologia (AFIP)
Objetivo: Analisar entre usuários diários de cannabis, os sinais e sintomas da Síndrome de Dependência de Substância, tendo como referência os critérios diagnósticos do DSM-IV. Métodos: Foi utilizado o referencial qualitativo de pesquisa. A amostra intencional, de usuários diários de maconha da omunidade, foi composta por “bola de neve”. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas, individuais e anônimas, com base nos critérios do Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais (DSM-IV). As entrevistas foram gravadas, para posterior transcrição e análise de conteúdo categorial. Resultados: Participaram deste estudo 24 pessoas (15 homens), com idades entre 18 a 49 anos. Apenas um entrevistado relatou compulsão para o uso. Os demais mencionaram planejamento do uso em suas rotinas diárias,sem identificar redução de atividades consideradas importantes. Prejuízo de memória foi citada por 17 entrevistados.Não foi relatada tolerância para a sensação de relaxamento, principal motivação para a continuidade do uso. Sintomas nos períodos de abstinência (irritação, insîonia e redução do apetite) se aproximaram mais de sentimentos de frustração e/ou dos conceitos de efeito rebote ou off-set. Apesar de apenas quatro terem preenchido diagnóstico de dependência, 16 se consideravam dependentes. Conclusões: Os critérios diagnósticos do DSM-IV podem não identificar usuários diários de cannabis como dependentes, ainda que eles se considerem. As especificidades em relação à tolerância e controle/compulsão parecem diminuir a probabilidade de preenchimento de critérios diagnósticos.
Aim: To study the DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence among daily cannabis users. Methods: A qualitative method and an intentional sample of daily cannabis users in the community were adopted in this investigation, which was conducted in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In-depth, semi-structured interviews based on the DSM-IV criteria for substance dependence were held individually. The interviews were recorded and transcribed for posterior content analyses. Results: 24 people (15 men) aged 18-49 years participated in this study. Only one participant reported compulsive use, while the others planned cannabis use through their daily routine without reducing the frequency in which engaged in important activities. Impairments on the short-term memory were reported by 17 participants. There was no report of tolerance towards the sensation of relaxation, which was claimed to be the main motivation for continued use. Symptoms during the abstinence periods (irritation, insomnia and appetite reduction) were more likely to be some frustration feeling for not being able to smoke marijuana and/or rebound or off-set effects. Despite the fact only four participants were diagnosed dependent (DSM-IV), 16 considered themselves dependent. Conclusions: The DSM-IV diagnoses criteria might not identify cannabis daily users as dependents, despite the fat that they considered themselves dependents. The specificities regarding tolerance and control/compulsion seem to reduce the probability of establishing diagnoses of dependence.
FAPESP: 06/58658-8
FAPESP: 07/50783-0
TEDE
BV UNIFESP: Teses e dissertações
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Duncan, Julianne Christine. "A Prototypical Analysis of Antisocial Personality Disorder: Important Considerations for the DSM-IV." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc500744/.
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Antisocial Personality Disorder (APD) represents a controversial diagnoses which has gone through many revisions over the past 25 years and is scheduled to be revised again for the DSM IV. A comprehensive survey was composed of APD criteria from the DSM II, DSM III, DSM III-R, PCL-R, Psychopathic Personality Disorder, and Dyssocial Personality Disorder. The survey was completed by 321 forensic psychiatrists based on which criteria they believed to be the most prototypical of antisocial personality. The results identified four factors: irresponsibility, unstable self image, and unstable relationships; manipulation and lack of guilt; aggressive behavior; and nonviolent juvenile delinquency. A diagnostic set composed of the most prototypical criteria was proposed for the DSM IV diagnosis of APD.
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Köhler, Kai [Verfasser]. "Posttraumatische Belastungsstörung bei Bundeswehrsoldaten : Therapieevidenz und die Auswirkungen der veränderten Diagnosekriterien im statistischen Leitfaden psychischer Störungen IV (DSM-IV) im Vergleich zur Neuauflage im DSM-5 auf die Fallzahlen / Kai Köhler." Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1206184477/34.
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Slade, Tim Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Using epidemiology to inform classification in psychiatry." Awarded by:University of New South Wales. Psychiatry, 2002. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/19059.
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Classification systems in psychiatry are a work in progress. Therefore, continued efforts to improve their validity are necessary. Epidemiology provides a scientific method to assess the extent of psychiatric morbidity in community populations. However, data from epidemiological surveys have also contributed, either directly or indirectly, to many changes in the classification systems. Recent reviews of the current state of psychiatric classification indicate four unresolved issues: 1) the presence of two differing classification systems, 2) the role of the clinical significance criterion in differentiating psychopathology from normality, 3) the relationship of the exclusion criteria to the co-occurrence of psychiatric disorder pairs, and 4) the relative validity of categorical versus dimensional conceptualizations of psychiatric disorders. The current thesis examines these four unresolved issues, using data from a large-scale epidemiological survey of psychiatric disorders. With regard to GAD, differences in diagnostic criteria between DSM-IV and ICD-10 resulted in different types of cases identified, despite similarities in prevalence. The DSM-IV diagnostic criterion for clinical significance impacted, albeit to different degrees, on the prevalence, health service use and impairment of five disorders. The exclusion criteria in both DSM-IV and ICD-10 were significantly related to the patterns of co-occurrence found in the data. Using the example of depression, symptoms were more consistent with a dimensional rather than a categorical structure. A specific research agenda is proposed, the aim of which is to provide possible avenues of research that may benefit revisions to classification systems and the conduct of epidemiological surveys. This research agenda contains a number of suggestions. Future revisions will benefit from an explicit understanding of the differences between the classification systems. Better definitions of the concepts of clinical significance and psychiatric disorder are required. The co-occurrence of disorder pairs in epidemiological data informs understanding of the exclusion criteria, but the validity of these criteria relies on different data. Dimensional models of classification may yield more information than categorical models, and methods for incorporating them in large-scale surveys are proposed. It is concluded that epidemiological data should continue to play a significant part in the refinement of psychiatric classification.
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Ter-Stepanian, Mariam. "Executive functioning in children diagnosed with ADHD : examining DSM-IV subtypes and comorbid disorders." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=111520.
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Objective. To examine the profile of executive function (EF) performance in children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) as function of their subtypes and comorbid disorders. Methods. Two hundred and eighteen, 6-12 year old children clinically diagnosed with ADHD were characterised according to their clinical profile. Various EF domains were assessed while children were not on medication. General cognitive performance was assessed using Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children. Results. 54.1% of children were diagnosed with combined subtype, 34.9% with inattentive subtype and 11% with hyperactive subtype. Significant age difference was found in ADHD subtype distribution and significant age and IQ difference was found in EF performance. After controlling for age and IQ no association was found between EF and ADHD subtypes or EF and comorbid disorders. Conclusion. These results indicate that age and IQ play an important role in cognitive task performance.
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Skene, Allyson. "Psychiatric classification, medicine and madness an examination of Ontology and Epistemology in DSM-IV /." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape9/PQDD_0005/NQ43452.pdf.
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Lavack-Pambrun, Solange T. "The impact of traumatic events and symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder, beyond DSM-IV." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ56135.pdf.
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Mantere, Outi. "Recognition, comorbidity, and outcome of DSM-IV bipolar I and II disorders in psychiatric care." Helsinki University of Helsinki, 2007. http://urn.fi/URN:ISBN:978-951-740-694-9.
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Diss.Tiivistelmäosa. - University of Helsinki, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, Department of Mental Health and Alcohol Research, National Public Health Institute. Myös paperimuodossa (ISBN 978-951-740-693-2).
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Viana, Milena de Barros. "Mudanças nos conceitos de ansiedade nos séculos XIX e XX : da Angstneurose ao DSM-IV." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4780.
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Previous issue date: 2010-04-14Anxiety has been a well-studied subject for centuries. Nevertheless, as a circumscribed pathology, anxiety only appears in medical reports at the end of the 19th century, with the works of Sigmund Freud. From clinical observations, Freud detached Angstneurose ( anxiety neurosis ) from neurasthenia, also separating chronic anxiety from anxiety attacks. Although psychoanalytic classifications of anxiety were well-accepted until the mid 1900 s, in the following decades different factors contributed to re-orientate Psychiatry, particularly towards Biology. One important factor was the development of Psychopharmacology. With the so-called psychopharmacological revolution , which began in the 1960 s, the modern descriptive and operational - classifications of mental disorders appeared. The DSM-III (Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, in its third version), published in 1980, inaugurates a new relationship between Psychiatry and Psychopathology, although its conception of mental disorder is not a very clear one. The birth of panic disorder as a nosological category is particularly related to this change in perspective, since it takes place from the pharmacological observation of the therapeutic effects of a new drug, imipramine. In this sense, the purpose of the present study is to investigate the concepts of anxiety adopted in Psychiatry, particularly from the second half of the 19th century until the development of the DSM-IV. At first, the present study will focus on the development of Angstneurose as a clinical entity, by Freud. For that, a brief examination of the clinical terms adopted to designate anxiety states before Freud s time will be performed. Also, the transformations of the Freudian ideas concerning anxiety will be discussed, from a conceptual and diagnostic stand point. In a second moment, the historical evolution of what the diagnostic manuals for mental disorders call anxiety disorders will be investigated, emphasizing the reorganization that these new classification systems bring to the understanding of the concept of anxiety. An attempt to establish a parallel between these new nosological entities and the Freudian categories will be performed. At last, possible points of intersection between Psychiatry and Psychoanalysis, which might contribute to a better understanding of mental phenomena, will be discussed, on the basis of Freud s incursions into Biology.
A ansiedade tem sido objeto de interesse do pensamento ocidental há séculos. Entretanto, enquanto quadros patológicos, os chamados estados ansiosos apenas adquiriram proeminência na Psiquiatria, a partir dos trabalhos de Sigmund Freud, no final do século XIX. Ao estudar a ansiedade clínica, Freud separou a Angstneurose ( neurose de ansiedade ou neurose de angústia ) da neurastenia, e a ansiedade crônica, dos ataques de ansiedade. Embora as classificações clínicas propostas pela Psicanálise tenham sido relativamente bem aceitas no meio psiquiátrico até a primeira metade do século XX, nas décadas que se seguiram, alguns fatores contribuíram para reorientar o curso da Psiquiatria, em especial em direção à Biologia; dentre estes se destacam os avanços na área da psicofarmacologia. Com a chamada revolução psicofarmacológica, que tem seu início a partir da década de 60, constata-se o surgimento das abordagens nosográficas operacionais , em Psiquiatria, que permanecem até os nossos dias. Surgem, a partir daí, sistemas classificatórios padronizados como o DSM-III ( Diagnostic Statiscal Manual of Mental Disorders , em sua terceira versão), que irão inaugurar uma nova era de relações entre a Psiquiatria e a Psicopatologia, muito embora os modelos explicativos imanentes a estes sistemas nem sempre se encontrem explícitos. O nascimento do transtorno do pânico enquanto categoria nosográfica está intimamente ligado a esta mudança de perspectiva, tendo em vista que se dá a partir da observação dos efeitos terapêuticos de uma droga, a imipramina, sobre alguns dos sintomas do quadro clínico. Nesse sentido, o objetivo geral do presente trabalho será examinar criticamente alguns dos conceitos de ansiedade vigentes na Psiquiatria, em particular a partir da segunda metade do século XIX até a criação do DSM-IV, dando ênfase aos possíveis modelos teóricos encontrados, subjacentes às diferentes concepções. Em uma primeira etapa, o trabalho focalizará essencialmente o momento histórico fundamental da construção do diagnóstico de Angstneurose por Sigmund Freud. Para tanto, será traçado um breve histórico dos termos clínicos utilizados até a época de Freud e que de alguma maneira influenciaram o surgimento desta nova entidade nosológica. Serão discutidas também questões relativas às transformações sofridas pelo conceito freudiano de ansiedade, tanto segundo um critério diagnóstico quanto conceitual, a partir de uma análise dos principais textos de Freud sobre o tema. Em um segundo momento do trabalho, será dada atenção especial ao estudo da evolução histórica daquilo que os manuais de diagnóstico psiquiátrico têm chamado de transtornos de ansiedade , enfatizando a reorganização que estes novos sistemas classificatórios impuseram à compreensão dos fenômenos ansiosos. Um paralelo será também traçado entre as proposições iniciais de Freud e as novas entidades nosológicas, encontradas nos manuais de diagnóstico em Psiquiatria. Finalmente, serão discutidos possíveis pontos de interseção tendo por base a relação de Freud com a Biologia - entre as duas disciplinas hoje entendidas por alguns como tão diversas, Psicanálise e Psiquiatria, pontos que possam contribuir para uma compreensão mais ampla dos fenômenos mentais.
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Hilving, Rebecca. "Violent Female Offending: Examining the Role of Psychopathy and Comorbidity with DSM-IV Personality Disorders." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2010. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc30465/.
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This thesis examines the role of psychopathy in violent female offending, and explores DSM-IV personality disorders that may also be a factor. Past research on female offenders and psychopathy suggest that this is a valid construct when looking at female offenders. This study was driven by two questions: which personality disorders are most common in adult female offenders who are psychopathic, and are adult female offenders who are psychopathic more likely to have been convicted of a violent offense than those who are not psychopathic, but have at least one personality disorder. The results indicate that Cluster B personality disorders were the most common, and Cluster C the least common. The results also showed that those women who were psychopathic were no more likely to have been convicted of a violent crime than those who had at least one personality disorder, but were not psychopathic. Treatment implications and the direction of future research are discussed.
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Behrendt, Silke, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Petra Zimmermann, Michael Höfler, Axel Perkonigg, Gerhard Bühringer, Roselind Lieb, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "The role of mental disorders in the risk and speed of transition to alcohol use disorders among community youth." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-117292.
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Background Among adolescents and young adults with DSM-IV alcohol use disorders (AUDs), there are inter-individual differences in the speed of transition from initial alcohol use (AU) to AUD. AUDs are highly co-morbid with other mental disorders. The factors associated with rapid transition from first AU to AUD remain unknown and the role of mental disorders in rapid transitions is unclear. Given this background we examined (1) whether prior anxiety, mood, externalizing and non-alcohol substance use disorders are related to the risk and speed of transition from first AU to DSM-IV alcohol abuse (AA) and alcohol dependence (AD) and (2) whether early age of onset of prior mental disorders (PMDs) is a promoter of rapid transition.
Method A total of 3021 community subjects (97.7% lifetime AU) aged 14–24 years at baseline were followed up prospectively for up to 10 years. AU and mental disorders were assessed with the DSM-IV/M-CIDI.
Results Among subjects with lifetime AU, several PMDs, such as specific phobia, bipolar disorder and nicotine dependence, were associated with an increased risk of AUD independent of externalizing disorders. Associations of PMDs with the speed of transition to AUDs were mostly weak and inconsistent. Only social phobia and externalizing disorders were associated with faster transitions to AD even after adjustment for other PMDs. Earlier age of onset of PMD was not associated with rapid transition.
Conclusions Mental disorders are associated with the risk of AUD. With the possible exception of social phobia and externalizing disorders, they do not promote rapid transition, even if they occur particularly early. Future research needs to identify factors relevant to rapid transition to AUD.
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McLeese, Michelle Frances. "In Their Own Words: Faculty/Staff and Student Accounts of Stress at Virginia Tech on April 16, 2007." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/88017.
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This study examines the stressful responses of faculty/staff and students after experiencing the April 16, 2007 school shootings at Virginia Tech. Understanding people's responses to trauma not only assists in more knowledge about what is stressful after a traumatic event but also may facilitate the finessing of tools and strategies for resilience and recovery in the aftermath of trauma. After investigating stressful responses to the April 16, 2007 shootings at Virginia Tech, and in particular those with probable PTSD (posttraumatic stress disorder), I found it was not always necessary to meet the "stressor" A criterion of PTSD. This is crucial because the "stressor" criterion A of PTSD is required to receive the diagnosis of PTSD. Although I found subtle stress differences for women compared to men, and faculty/staff compared to students, none of the differences were statistically significant. This research additionally contributes to the literature by detailing a profile of stressors for both faculty/staff and students in the aftermath of the worst college campus shooting in U.S. history to date. Findings suggest future research should examine the "stressor" criterion A of PTSD as well as the full spectrum of stressful responses both in the "immediate" and "delayed" aftermath of trauma(s).Ph. D.
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Rosa, Marco Aurelio Camargo da. "Dependência de açúcares: investigação dos critérios de dependência do DSM-IV adaptados para açúcar de adição." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/ZMRO-8JVL2G.
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INTRODUCTION: High consumption of sugar can potentially cause many problems to the body of individuals from the development of several chronic diseases. Most of these diseases are liable to prevention, since they are somehow related to eating habits development. However, overconsumption of sugar could be related to its
possible abuse or dependence. The dependence of sugar is a plausible hypothesis, although not yet proven empirically. Seeking information in scientific literature, one notice very limited information about this topic. In 2005, an instrument for diagnosing addiction on added sugars, based on DSM-IV dependence criteria, was developed in Brazil. OBJECTIVE: Investigate the instrument for dependence of added sugar from
the psychometric analysis of DSM-IV dependence criteria. METHOD: Use of instruments for evaluating substance dependence (added sugar, alcohol, cocaine, marijuana and nicotine), periodic binge eating scale and impulsivity scale in a convenience sample of 1.081 individuals enrolled in public spaces and clinics for treatment of obesity and chemical addiction in two Brazilian cities (Porto Alegre and
Belo Horizonte). Data were analyzed using the techniques of Exploratory Factor Analysis, Item Response Theory, bivariate and logistic regression. RESULTS: Among the individuals studied, approximately 53.4% were men, the average age was 34.5 (± 12.5), 12.4% were obese (BMI> 30),100% sugar users, 68.3% alcohol users, cocaine users 20.9% and 27.4% of marijuana users. The prevalence of individuals with current substance addiction were approximately 24% for added sugar, 25% for alcohol, 14% for cocaine, 10% for marijuana and 28% for nicotine.
The periodic binge eating disorder was observed in approximately 13% of the sample. The exploratory factor analysis suggested a unidimensional instrument. The model of Item Response Theory demonstrated by the discrimination and severity parameters, that all dependence criteria applied to sugar showed high discrimination
and that the severity values ranged between 0.07 and 2.62. The criterion with the lowest severity for sugar was "larger than the desired consumption" and the worst was the "Decline of important activities." The analysis of differential item functioning showed that few items showed significant differences, suggesting that the instrument is suitable for evaluation in different groups. CONCLUSION: The analysis of DSM-IV
dependence criteria for added sugar showed adequate psychometric properties, which contributed to the evidence of this new construct called "dependence of added sugar."INTRODUÇÃO: O alto consumo de açúcar pode potencialmente causar inúmeros problemas ao organismo dos indivíduos a partir do desenvolvimento de diversas doenças crônicas. A maior parte dessas doenças é passível de prevenção, uma vez que estão de alguma forma relacionadas aos hábitos alimentares desenvolvidos. Entretanto, o consumo exagerado de açúcar poderia estar associado ao seu possível abuso ou dependência. A dependência de açúcar é uma hipótese plausível, porém ainda não comprovada de forma empírica. Buscando informações na literatura científica, observa-se um número muito restrito de informações a respeito deste tema. No ano de 2005, foi desenvolvido no Brasil um instrumento para diagnosticar dependência de açúcares de adição, baseado nos critérios de dependência do DSM-IV. OBJETIVO: Investigar o instrumento para dependência de açúcar de adição a partir da análise psicométrica dos critérios de dependência do DSM-IV. MÉTODO: Foram aplicados instrumentos para avaliação de dependência de substâncias (açúcar de adição, álcool, cocaína, maconha e nicotina), escala de compulsão alimentar periódica e escala de impulsividade em uma amostra de conveniência de 1081 indivíduos recrutados em espaços públicos e em clínicas de tratamento de obesidade e dependência química de duas capitais brasileiras (Porto Alegre e Belo Horizonte). Os dados foram analisados a partir das técnicas de Análise Fatorial Exploratória, Teoria de Resposta ao Item, análises bivariada e de Regressão Logística. RESULTADOS: Dos indivíduos do estudo, aproximadamente 53,4% eram homens, a média de idade foi 34,5 (±12,5), 12,4% eram obesos (BMI >30), 100% usuários de açúcar, 68,3% usuários de álcool, 20,9% usuários de cocaína e 27,4% usuários de maconha. A prevalência de indivíduos com dependência atual de substâncias foi de aproximadamente: 24% para açúcar de adição, 25% para álcool, 14% para cocaína, 10% para maconha e 28% para nicotina. O transtorno de compulsão alimentar periódica foi observado em aproximadamente 13% da amostra. A Análise Fatorial Exploratória sugere um instrumento unidimensional. O modelo de Teoria de Resposta ao Item demonstrou, pelos parâmetros de discriminação e gravidade, que todos os critérios de dependência aplicados para açúcar apresentavam alta discriminação e que os valores de gravidade variaram entre 0,07 e 2,62. O critério com a menor gravidade para açúcar foi o Consumo maior que o desejado e o mais grave foi o Diminuição de atividades importantes. A análise de Funcionamento Diferencial dos Itens demonstrou que poucos itens apresentaram diferença significativa, o que sugere que o instrumento é adequado para avaliação em diferentes grupos. CONCLUSÕES: A análise dos critérios de dependência do DSM-IV para açúcar de adição demonstrou adequadas propriedades psicométricas, o que contribui na comprovação deste novo construto denominado dependência de açúcar de adição.
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Heaton, Leanne. "Contributions of Neglect Subtypes and Family History in DSM-IV Disorders: Findings from the NCS-R." VCU Scholars Compass, 2010. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/2088.
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Despite the prevalence of neglect in the child welfare system, understanding of the etiology of neglect remains limited in scope. Limitations are driven by the frequent reliance on child protective services (CPS) data which consists of identified cases and consequently, the most serious of all cases, or through a few population based studies that operationalize neglect as a homogenous phenomenon rather than as distinct subtypes. Furthermore, most studies of neglect focus on maternal deficiencies while paternal factors are largely ignored. This study is meant to address these considerations by utilizing the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R), a broad population based sample of US citizens, to explore the associations between mental health disorders and neglect subtypes. The aims were to investigate distinctions between maternal and paternal psychopathology and subtypes of neglect compared to other forms of maltreatment, key differences across lifetime DSM-IV disorders between neglect subtypes and other forms of maltreatment, and how the presence of maternal and paternal psychopathology and maltreatment subtype increase the likelihood of lifetime DSM-IV diagnoses. Out of all neglect subtypes, supervisory neglect was the most prevalent form of neglect and also had the strongest association to most lifetime DSM-IV disorders. Paternal emotional neglect was associated with lifetime mood and behavior disorders as well as phobias compared to those without this experience. Conversely, maternal emotional neglect did not have a significant relationship to any disorder. Similarly, lack of care (LOC) neglect did not increase the risk of any lifetime disorder and even reduced the likelihood of substance disorders compared to those without LOC history. Findings between paternal psychopathology and neglect subtypes indicate that assessments of neglect should expand to include paternal functioning and availability. Supervisory neglect, LOC neglect, and exposure to family violence all demonstrated a greater relationship with paternal substance disorders and/or antisocial behaviors than maternal depression and anxiety. However, therapeutic service delivery and research measures for both neglect and family violence are almost exclusively targeted toward the mother. Approaches that engage, assess, and intervene with both parental figures are critical to the welfare of children.
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Choy, Shan-shan Susanna. "Validity of the Chinese version of the multidimentional anxiety scale for children (MASC) with the anxiety disorders interview schedule for DSM-IV (ADIS-IV)." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B41712754.
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Pelletier, Amélie. "Évaluation de la compréhension des items du DSM-IV-MR-J auprès d'adolescents du premier cycle du secondaire." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ60741.pdf.
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Huber, NIcole M. "DEPENDENT PERSONALITY INVENTORY (DPI): A SCALE TO ASSESS DEPENDENT PERSONALITY SUBTYPES BASED ON DSM-IV-TR CRITERIA." Cleveland, Ohio : Cleveland State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1200081883.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Cleveland State University, 2007.Abstract. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed on May 8, 2008). Includes bibliographical references (p. 35-39). Available online via the OhioLINK ETD Center. Also available in print.
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Schwanzer, Petra. "Untersuchung des C(-1019)G 5-HT1A-Promotorpolymorphismus an einer Patientengruppe mit Persönlichkeitsstörungen nach DSM-IV-TR." kostenfrei, 2008. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn/resolver.pl?urn=nbn:de:bvb:20-opus-27373.
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Papis, Karol Grzegorz. "Emotional intelligence and sociotropy-autonomy in young women with DSM-IV-TR hypochondriasis : a mixed-method study." Thesis, University of Wolverhampton, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2436/582290.
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DSM-IV-TR classifies hypochondriasis as a complex somatoform disorder, characterised by physical complaints for which no organic cause could be identified. DSM-5 replaced it with two new diagnostic terms: somatic symptoms disorder and illness anxiety disorder. The distinction was based on the presence or absence of somatic symptoms, and concerns have been raised with regards to the validity of these new diagnostic concepts. While there has recently been an increase in recognising the role of the underlying anxiety in this condition, the psychological needs of individuals with hypochondriasis remain unclear. It is conceivable that specific emotional and interpersonal dimensions play a mediating role in the onset of hypochondriacal presentations, and have explanatory power with regards to the improvement of tailored therapeutic interventions. The present study used a mixed methodology, with an emphasis on the qualitative component, to investigate emotions and the interpersonal aspects of hypochondriasis. Six young adult females meeting the diagnostic criteria for both DSM-IV-TR hypochondriasis and DSM-5 illness anxiety disorder formed a clinical group for the present study. Semi-structured interviews were administered and analysed in line with the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Four major themes emerged from the qualitative data: 1) Early life experience; 2) Inward focus; 3) Learned helplessness; and 4) Experience of psychological therapy. Eight subordinate themes were identified: (i) Unmet emotional needs; (ii) Emotional isolation; (iii) There is something wrong with me; (iv) Emotional reasoning; (v) Self-fulfilling prophecy; (vi) External locus of control; (vii) Over-reliance on other people; and (viii) The experience of psychological therapy. Fifty-one female undergraduate psychology students formed a matched comparison group for the study and enabled a supplementary quantitative analysis to be conducted. The quantitative measures included measures of trait (TEIQue-SF) and ability emotional intelligence (MSCEIT) as well as a measure of sociotropy-autonomy (SAS). The quantitative data showed that the clinical group scored significantly lower than the comparison group on the measures of trait emotional intelligence, understanding emotions, and autonomy. Additionally, the clinical group scored significantly higher than the comparison group on the measure of sociotropy. The theoretical and therapeutic recommendations are discussed in light of the limitations of the present study. In conclusion, emotional and interpersonal aspects of DSM-IV-TR Hypochondriasis and DSM-5 illness anxiety disorder in young women provide a useful framework for the conceptualisation and therapeutic management of these conditions. It appears that with its scientific knowledge base, therapeutic flexibility, focus on reflective practice, and the emphasis on an effective working relationship, the discipline of counselling psychology is well-suited to address the needs of participants with hypochondriacal presentations.
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Saida, Salha. "L'entité limite : entre la clinique séméiologique et la clinique projective. Étude sur une population tunisienne." Thesis, Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100226.
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Notre étude porte sur deux échantillons de patients Tunisiens : un groupe clinique composé de sujets (N = 41) diagnostiqués trouble de personnalité limite par leur psychiatre en référence aux critères du DSM-IV (APA, 2003) et un groupe témoin composé de patients schizophrènes (N = 27). Nous avons utilisé le test de Rorschach en Système intégré (Exner, 1993) et avons fixé comme premier objectif de dégager les caractéristiques du fonctionnement des patients limites au Rorschach selon les paramètres de l’organisation limite de la personnalité décrits par Kernberg (1997). Notre deuxième objectif est de vérifier si le fonctionnement de ces sujets, tel que traduit dans le Rorschach, permet de les différencier des sujets schizophrènes. Le troisième objectif est d’étudier, par une approche test re-test avec un intervalle de 6 à 9 mois, la stabilité des variables du Rorschach à travers le temps. Les résultats de notre étude montrent que les protocoles des patients limites diffèrent par rapport à certaines variables-clés (7 variables) de ceux des schizophrènes. Ces variables constituent des indicateurs pertinents du fonctionnement limite. Néanmoins, nous avons relevé une hétérogénéité à l’intérieur de notre échantillon de sujets limites. En effet, plusieurs niveaux de fonctionnements ont émergé à l’intérieur de ce groupe. Par ailleurs, il n’y a pas eu de différence significative entre la plupart des variables en T1 et T2 aussi bien chez les sujets limites que les schizophrènes. Toutefois, la stabilité semble dépendre du fonctionnement sous-jacentThis study concerns two samples of Tunisian patients: a clinical group (N = 41) with subjects who received a diagnosis of Borderline personality disorder in reference to DSM-IV (APA, 2003) by their psychiatrist and a control group of schizophrenic patients (N = 27). We used the Rorschach comprehensive system (Exner, 1993) in order to identify, as a first purpose, the characteristics of the Rorschach’s borderline functioning based on the Kernberg’s description of the borderline organisation (1997). In parallel, we aimed, to verify whether the Rorschach’s functioning characteristics are able to distinguish our clinical group from the Schizophrenic group. Furthermore, both of groups were tested once in the beginning of our study and again, with an interval of 6 at 9 months in order to study the stability of the Rorschach’s variables. The results indicated that seven (7) variables distinguish our group of Borderline subjects from the schizophrenics. These variables represent highly relevant indicators of borderline functioning. Nevertheless, our clinical group is heterogeneous. In fact, different ranges of functioning have emerged. Elsewhere, there is no significant difference between the most variables in T1 and T2 but the stability may differ depending on the underlying functioning
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Peluffo, Marcela Potrich. "Uso de antidepressivos pela população da cidade de São Paulo." Universidade Católica de Santos, 2014. http://biblioteca.unisantos.br:8181/handle/tede/921.
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The World Health Organization estimated depression as the third cause of disability in the ranking of all diseases, responsible for 4.3% loss of healthy life years (DALY). The depressive disorder impairs the ability to function, leading to deficiency in the production of more than 50% of patients. The treatment may be pharmacotherapy, psychotherapy, and in some cases eletroconvulsive therapy. This study examined the prevalence of the use of antidepression medications in the city of São Paulo, Brazil and is part of a large study Pos traumatic stress disorder on the São Paulo city: prevalence, commordity and associated factors. This is a one phase cross-sectional survey carried out in São Paulo, Brazil. A multistage probability to size sampling scheme was performed in order to select the participants (3000). The measurements included psychiatric diagnoses (CIDI 2.1), and psychoactive medications. The interviews were carried between June/2007 February/2008. The statistical analyses will be weight-adjusted in order to take account of the design effects. The frequency of use of psychoactive medications in individuals with depressive disorder 13%, 12,8% make use of antidepressant medication and 8% benzodiazepines, so with a large number of concurrent use of two medications. Among those who are using antidepressants, 63% use selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, 34% use a tricyclic antidepressant and the other 3% make use of selective inhibitors of noradrenaline reuptake and various antidepressants. Was associated with the use of antidepressant medications females (2,7; IC 95% 1,5 ¿ 4,9), age over 30 years, being widowed or divorced or separate without living with the partner, with schooling above 13 years. It was concluded that there is a great way to go in our country in relation to mental health policies. Advances such as ensuring access to medicines and qualified professionals have already occurred, but show still insufficient.
A Organização Mundial da Saúde estima a depressão como a terceira causa de incapacidade no ranking de todas as doenças, responsável por 4,3% de perda de anos de vida saudáveis (DALY). O transtorno depressivo prejudica a capacidade laboral de mais de 50% dos pacientes. Os tratamentos podem ser farmacoterapia, psicoterapia e, em alguns casos, o tratamento eletroconvulsivante. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o uso de medicamentos antidepressivos em indivíduos com diagnóstico de transtorno depressivo na população da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Um estudo de corte transversal foi realizado com amostra probabilística, em multiestágios, da população da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Foram entrevistados 2536 indivíduos. As medidas incluíram diagnósticos psiquiátricos (CIDI 2.1) e o uso de medicamentos psicoativos, incluindo antidepressivos. As entrevistas foram realizadas entre Junho/2007 e Fevereiro/2008. As estimativas foram ajustadas para o efeito do desenho por meio da análise de amostras complexas. A prevalência de uso de medicação psicoativa em indivíduos com transtorno depressivo foi de 13%, 12,8% utilizando de medicação antidepressiva e 8% benzodiazepínicos, portanto com número grande de uso concomitante das duas medicações. Entre aqueles que fazem o uso de antidepressivos, 63% usam inibidores seletivos da recaptação de serotonina, 34% usam antidepressivo tricíclico e os outros 3% fazem o uso de inibidores seletivos da recaptação de noradrenalina e antidepressivos variados. O uso de medicamentos antidepressivos esteve associado ao sexo feminino (2,2; IC 95% 1,0 ¿ 5,0), idade acima de 30 anos (2,7; IC 95% 1,1 ¿ 6,5), ser viúvo ou divorciado ou separado não morando junto com o parceiro (2,0; IC 95% 1,0 ¿ 4,2), com escolaridade acima de 13 anos (3,1; IC 95% 1,2 ¿ 7,9). Foi concluído que há um grande caminho a ser percorrido em nosso país em relação às políticas de saúde mental. Avanços como a garantia de acesso aos medicamentos e profissionais qualificados já ocorreram, mas se mostram ainda insuficientes.
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Behrendt, Silke, Katja Beesdo-Baum, Petra Zimmermann, Michael Höfler, Axel Perkonigg, Gerhard Bühringer, Roselind Lieb, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "The role of mental disorders in the risk and speed of transition to alcohol use disorders among community youth." Technische Universität Dresden, 2010. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A27011.
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Background Among adolescents and young adults with DSM-IV alcohol use disorders (AUDs), there are inter-individual differences in the speed of transition from initial alcohol use (AU) to AUD. AUDs are highly co-morbid with other mental disorders. The factors associated with rapid transition from first AU to AUD remain unknown and the role of mental disorders in rapid transitions is unclear. Given this background we examined (1) whether prior anxiety, mood, externalizing and non-alcohol substance use disorders are related to the risk and speed of transition from first AU to DSM-IV alcohol abuse (AA) and alcohol dependence (AD) and (2) whether early age of onset of prior mental disorders (PMDs) is a promoter of rapid transition.
Method A total of 3021 community subjects (97.7% lifetime AU) aged 14–24 years at baseline were followed up prospectively for up to 10 years. AU and mental disorders were assessed with the DSM-IV/M-CIDI.
Results Among subjects with lifetime AU, several PMDs, such as specific phobia, bipolar disorder and nicotine dependence, were associated with an increased risk of AUD independent of externalizing disorders. Associations of PMDs with the speed of transition to AUDs were mostly weak and inconsistent. Only social phobia and externalizing disorders were associated with faster transitions to AD even after adjustment for other PMDs. Earlier age of onset of PMD was not associated with rapid transition.
Conclusions Mental disorders are associated with the risk of AUD. With the possible exception of social phobia and externalizing disorders, they do not promote rapid transition, even if they occur particularly early. Future research needs to identify factors relevant to rapid transition to AUD.
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Anderson, Scott Robert. "Diagnosing Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) Using the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSM–IV: Parent Version (ADIS–P)." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/36132.
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The purpose of this study was to determine whether the Anxiety Disorders Interview Schedule for DSMâ IV: Parent Version (ADISâ P) is a valid diagnostic tool in assessing Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) in youth. Although there is considerable evidence that the ADISâ P is effective when diagnosing anxiety disorders in youth, no studies have yet examined its utility in assessing ODD, even though the ADISâ P contains an ODD module. In contrast, a number of studies support the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Childrenâ Version IV (DISCâ IV) as a reliable and valid tool for assessing ODD. The two diagnostic interviews have not been compared to determine whether the ADISâ P might be equally valid to the DISCâ IV in diagnosing ODD. In this study, the ADISâ P and DISCâ IV ODD modules were administered in a counterbalanced order to the parents of a clinical sample of 53 children between 8 and 13 years of age referred for the treatment of ODD. It was hypothesized that the ODD module of the ADISâ P would be reliable, as evidenced by inter-rater correspondence, and valid as determined by its concurrent validity with the DISCâ IV and its relations with the Behavior Assessment System for Children (BASC) Aggression and Conduct Problems scales as well as the Disruptive Behavior Disorders rating scale (DBD). Both of these latter instruments were completed by parents and teachers of the referred youth. Results suggest that the ADISâ P provides a valid assessment of ODD, giving clinicians and researchers another empirically-supported interview to use when assessing childrenâ s disruptive behaviors.Master of Science
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Wittchen, Hans-Ulrich, Agnes Nocon, Katja Beesdo, Daniel S. Pine, Michael Höfler, Roselind Lieb, and Andrew T. Gloster. "Agoraphobia and Panic." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-100091.
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Background: The relationship of panic attacks (PA), panic disorder (PD) and agoraphobia (AG) is controversial. The aim of the current study is to prospectively examine the 10-year natural course of PA, PD and AG in the first three decades of life, their stability and their reciprocal transitions.
Methods: DSM-IV syndromes were assessed via Composite International Diagnostic Interview – Munich version in a 10-year prospective-longitudinal community study of 3,021 subjects aged 14–24 years at baseline.
Results: (1) Incidence patterns for PA (9.4%), PD (with and without AG: 3.4%) and AG (5.3%) revealed differences in age of onset, incidence risk and gender differentiation. (2) Temporally primary PA and PD revealed only a moderately increased risk for subsequent onset of AG, and primary AG had an even lower risk for subsequent PA and PD. (3) In strictly prospective analyses, all baseline groups (PA, PD, AG) had low remission rates (0–23%). Baseline PD with AG or AG with PA were more likely to have follow-up AG, PA and other anxiety disorders and more frequent complications (impairment, disability, help-seeking, comorbidity) as compared to PD without AG and AG without PA.
Conclusions: Differences in incidence patterns, syndrome progression and outcome, and syndrome stability over time indicate that AG exists as a clinically significant phobic condition independent of PD. The majority of agoraphobic subjects in this community sample never experienced PA, calling into question the current pathogenic assumptions underlying the classification of AG as merely a consequence of panic. The findings point to the necessity of rethinking diagnostic concepts and DSM diagnostic hierarchies.
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Holly, Alexandra, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Patterns of Use and Their Relationship to DSM-IV Abuse and Dependence of Alcohol among Adolescents and Young Adults." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-99985.
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First use and initiation of regular alcohol use has been frequently found to start in adolescence. However, only few studies have also investigated how many adolescents proceed during ages 14–24 to harmful drinking or even develop alcohol use disorders. This paper – using the EDSP baseline sample of 3,021 community respondents from the Munich area – examines the prevalence of use, abuse and dependence and investigates the dose/disorder relationship. Alcohol abuse was reported by 9.7% of respondents and alcohol dependence by 6.2%. Men were more likely to report an alcohol disorder than women, prevalence also increased in the older age cohorts. However, even among 14- to 17-year-olds a substantial proportion of respondents report high and regular consumption rates, the occurrence of abuse and dependence criteria and even a full dependence syndrome. There is however only a moderate association between average number of standard drinks consumed with the risk of developing abuse and dependence. In light of the substantial rates among adolescents and young adults the validity of DSM-IV alcohol disorder criteria is discussed.
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Katz, Nolan. "Adult self-ratings of the DSM-IV-TR symptoms of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder an item response theory perspective /." Tallahassee, Florida : Florida State University, 2009. http://etd.lib.fsu.edu/theses/available/etd-05072009-114039.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Florida State University, 2009.Advisor: Briley Proctor, Florida State University, College of Education, Dept. of Educational Psychology and Learning Systems. Title and description from dissertation home page (viewed on October 13, 2009). Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 132 pages. Includes bibliographical references.
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Holly, Alexandra, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "Patterns of Use and Their Relationship to DSM-IV Abuse and Dependence of Alcohol among Adolescents and Young Adults." Karger, 1998. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26274.
Full textAbstract:
First use and initiation of regular alcohol use has been frequently found to start in adolescence. However, only few studies have also investigated how many adolescents proceed during ages 14–24 to harmful drinking or even develop alcohol use disorders. This paper – using the EDSP baseline sample of 3,021 community respondents from the Munich area – examines the prevalence of use, abuse and dependence and investigates the dose/disorder relationship. Alcohol abuse was reported by 9.7% of respondents and alcohol dependence by 6.2%. Men were more likely to report an alcohol disorder than women, prevalence also increased in the older age cohorts. However, even among 14- to 17-year-olds a substantial proportion of respondents report high and regular consumption rates, the occurrence of abuse and dependence criteria and even a full dependence syndrome. There is however only a moderate association between average number of standard drinks consumed with the risk of developing abuse and dependence. In light of the substantial rates among adolescents and young adults the validity of DSM-IV alcohol disorder criteria is discussed.
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Ålander, Jonna, and Karolin Dahlén. "Psykiatriska diagnoser och genus : en undersökning av diagnoskriterier i förhållande till föreställningar om manligt och kvinnligt." Thesis, Mid Sweden University, Department of Social Work, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-8378.
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Denna studie utgår från Judith Butlers genusteori om hur kön görs samt Michel Foucaults teorier om samhällsnormer och makt i förhållande till särskiljandemekanismer och vansinnesdefinitioner. Studien fokuserar på psykiatriska diagnoser ur ett genusperspektiv. Fokus har lagts på diagnoserna Aspergers syndrom och borderline personlighetsstörning då tidigare forskning visat att könsfördelningen inom dessa psykiatriska diagnoser är väldigt ojämn.
Syftet med studien är att undersöka genusstrukturers påverkan på psykiatrisk diagnostisering utifrån DSM-IV. Utifrån syftet har följande frågeställningar utformats: Går det att benämna diagnoskriterier som könsneutrala då diagnostisering i hög grad handlar om andra människors (vars egna erfarenheter och värderingar färgar neutraliteten) bedömningar? Hur kommer det sig att könsfördelningen är så ojämn inom diagnoser som Aspergers syndrom och borderline personlighetsstörning?
En enkätundersökning har utförts bland verksamma psykologer inom Östersunds kommun. Enkäten har utformats från de utvalda diagnosernas kriterier i DSM-IV. För att behandla enkätens svar har dataprogrammet SPSS använts. Undersökningens resultat visar på att det finns frågetecken kring DSM-IV:s könsneutralitet. Resultaten visar dock att det finns en medvetenhet kring den ojämna könsfördelningen inom de utvalda diagnoserna. Studien visar på psykiatriska diagnosers symbios med samhällsstrukturer och normer, däribland genus.
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Thompson, Rachel Diane. "A Taxometric Investigation of Generalized Anxiety Disorder." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1185819016.
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Lieb, Roselind, Petra Zimmermann, Robert H. Friis, Michael Höfler, Sven Tholen, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "The natural course of DSM-IV somatoform disorders and syndromes among adolescents and young adults: a prospective-longitudinal community study." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-110010.
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Objective. Although somatoform disorders are assumed to be chronic clinical conditions, epidemiological knowledge on their natural course based on representative samples is not available.
Method. Data come from a prospective epidemiologic study of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany. Respondents’ diagnoses (N = 2548) at baseline and follow-up on average 42 months later are considered. The follow-up incidence, stability as well as selected baseline risk factors (sociodemographics, psychopathology, trauma exposure) for the incidence and stability of somatoform disorders and syndromes are prospectively examined. Diagnostic information was assessed by using the standardized Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).
Results. Over the follow-up period, incidence rate for any of the covered somatoform diagnoses was 25.7%. Stability for the overall group of any somatoform disorder/syndrome was 48%. Female gender, lower social class, the experience of any substance use, anxiety and affective disorder as well as the experience of traumatic sexual and physical threat events predicted new onsets of somatoform conditions, while stability was predicted by being female, prior existing substance use, affective and eating disorders as well as the experience of a serious accident.
Conclusions. At least for a substantial proportion of individuals, the overall picture of somatization seems to be relatively stable, but with fluctuation in the symptom picture over time. Being female, the experience of substance use as well as anxiety disorder seem to constitute risk factors for the onset of new somatoform conditions as well as for a stable course over time.
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Meinhard, Daniel Thomas. "Logische Analyse und computer-basierte Operationalisierung der DSM-IV-Kriterien als Basis einer Relevanzordnung im Sinne des Informationsgewinnes in Entscheidungsbäumen." [S.l.] : [s.n.], 2006. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=979348463.
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Fröhlich, Christine, Frank Jacobi, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population: An exploration of the structure and threshold of medically unexplained pain symptoms." Technische Universität Dresden, 2006. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26567.
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Background: Despite an abundance of questionnaire data, the prevalence of clinically significant and medically unexplained pain syndromes in the general population has rarely been examined with a rigid personal-interview methodology. Objective To examine the prevalence of pain syndromes and DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population and the association with other mental disorders, as well as effects on disability and health-care utilization.
Methods: Analyses were based on a community sample of 4.181 participants 18–65 years old; diagnostic variables were assessed with a standardized diagnostic interview (M-CIDI).
Results: The 12-month prevalence for DSM-IV pain disorder in the general population was 8.1%; more than 53% showed concurrent anxiety and mood disorders. Subjects with pain disorder revealed significantly poorer quality of life, greater disability, and higher health-care utilization rates compared to cases with pain below the diagnostic threshold. The majority had more than one type of pain, with excessive headache being the most frequent type.
Conclusions: Even when stringent diagnostic criteria are used, pain disorder ranks among the most prevalent conditions in the community. The joint effects of high prevalence in all age groups, substantial disability, and increased health services utilization result in a substantial total burden, exceeding that of depression and anxiety.
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Lieb, Roselind, Petra Zimmermann, Robert H. Friis, Michael Höfler, Sven Tholen, and Hans-Ulrich Wittchen. "The natural course of DSM-IV somatoform disorders and syndromes among adolescents and young adults: a prospective-longitudinal community study." Technische Universität Dresden, 2002. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A26806.
Full textAbstract:
Objective. Although somatoform disorders are assumed to be chronic clinical conditions, epidemiological knowledge on their natural course based on representative samples is not available.
Method. Data come from a prospective epidemiologic study of adolescents and young adults in Munich, Germany. Respondents’ diagnoses (N = 2548) at baseline and follow-up on average 42 months later are considered. The follow-up incidence, stability as well as selected baseline risk factors (sociodemographics, psychopathology, trauma exposure) for the incidence and stability of somatoform disorders and syndromes are prospectively examined. Diagnostic information was assessed by using the standardized Munich-Composite International Diagnostic Interview (M-CIDI).
Results. Over the follow-up period, incidence rate for any of the covered somatoform diagnoses was 25.7%. Stability for the overall group of any somatoform disorder/syndrome was 48%. Female gender, lower social class, the experience of any substance use, anxiety and affective disorder as well as the experience of traumatic sexual and physical threat events predicted new onsets of somatoform conditions, while stability was predicted by being female, prior existing substance use, affective and eating disorders as well as the experience of a serious accident.
Conclusions. At least for a substantial proportion of individuals, the overall picture of somatization seems to be relatively stable, but with fluctuation in the symptom picture over time. Being female, the experience of substance use as well as anxiety disorder seem to constitute risk factors for the onset of new somatoform conditions as well as for a stable course over time.