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1
Katz, P. S., and W. N. Frost. "Intrinsic neuromodulation in the Tritonia swim CPG: serotonin mediates both neuromodulation and neurotransmission by the dorsal swim interneurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 74, no. 6 (December 1, 1995): 2281–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1995.74.6.2281.
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1. Neuromodulation has previously been shown to be intrinsic to the central pattern generator (CPG) circuit that generates the escape swim of the nudibranch mollusk Tritonia diomedea; the dorsal swim interneurons (DSIs) make conventional monosynaptic connections and evoke neuromodulatory effects within the swim motor circuit. The conventional synaptic potentials evoked by a DSI onto cerebral neuron 2 (C2) and onto the dorsal flexion neurons (DFNs) consist of a fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) followed by a prolonged slow EPSP. In their neuromodulatory role, the DSIs produce an enhancement of the monosynaptic connections made by C2 onto other CPG circuit interneurons and onto efferent flexion neurons. Previous work showed that the DSIs are immunoreactive for serotonin. Here we provide evidence that both the neurotransmission and the neuromodulation evoked by the DSIs are produced by serotonin, and that these effects may be pharmacologically separable. 2. Previously it was shown that bath-applied serotonin both mimics and occludes the modulation of the C2 synapses by the DSIs. Here we find that pressure-applied puffs of serotonin mimic both the fast and slow EPSPs evoked by a DSI onto a DFN, whereas high concentrations of bath-applied serotonin occlude both of these synaptic components. 3. Consistent with the hypothesis that serotonin mediates the actions of the DSIs, the serotonin reuptake inhibitor imipramine prolongs the duration of the fast DSI-DFN EPSP, increases the amplitude of the slow DSI-DFN EPSP, and increases both the amplitude and duration of the modulation of the C2-DFN synapse by the DSIs. 4.Two serotonergic antagonists were found that block the actions of the DSIs. Gramine blocks the fast DSI-DFN EPSP, and has far less of an effect on the slow EPSP and the modulation. Gramine also diminishes the depolarization evoked by pressure-applied serotonin, showing that it is a serotonin antagonist in this system. In contrast, methysergide greatly reduces both the slow EPSP and the modulation evoked by the DSIs, but has mixed effects on the fast EPSP. Methysergide also blocks the ability of exogenous serotonin to enhance the C2-DFN EPSP, demonstrating that it antagonizes the serotonin receptors responsible for this modulation. 5. Taken together with previous work, these results indicate that serotonin is likely to be responsible for all three actions of the DSIs that were examined: the fast and slow DSI-DFN EPSPs and the neuromodulation of the C2-DFN synapse. These results also indicate that the conventional and neuromodulatory effects of the DSIs may be pharmacologically separable. In future work it may be possible to determine the functional role of each in the swim circuit.
2
Getting, P. A., and M. S. Dekin. "Mechanisms of pattern generation underlying swimming in Tritonia. IV. Gating of central pattern generator." Journal of Neurophysiology 53, no. 2 (February 1, 1985): 466–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.53.2.466.
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Swimming behavior in the marine mollusc Tritonia diomedea is episodic, consisting of a series of alternating dorsal and ventral flexions initiated by a brief sensory stimulus. The swim motor pattern is generated by a network formed of four groups of premotor interneurons: cerebral cell 2 (C2), dorsal swim interneurons (DSIs), and two types of ventral swim interneurons (VSI-A and VSI-B). The initiation and maintenance of swimming depends on the establishment of a long-lasting ramp depolarization in both the premotor, pattern-generating interneurons, and the motor neurons (i.e., flexion neurons). Voltage clamp was used to measure the membrane current responsible for the ramp depolarization. In all cell classes the current had two components: a tonic inward current, which decayed as the swim progressed, and phasic inward current waves, which provided the synaptic drive during each swim burst. The ramp current in the flexion neurons and in C2 was generated largely by activity within the interneuronal pattern-generating network (PGN). The ramp current could be mimicked by driving activity in the pattern-generating interneurons. In VSI-B, the tonic component of the ramp current was independent of activity within the PGN and appeared to be derived from the long-lasting effect of an extrinsic input. The phasic components of the ramp, however, were dependent on PGN activity. The phasic inward current waves were blocked when pattern generation was prevented. In addition, phasic inward currents similar to those occurring during swimming could be produced by driving the C2. The tonic component of the ramp current in a DSI was dependent both on extrinsic inputs and PGN activity. Extrinsic inputs appeared to control the first 10-15 s of the tonic current. At longer times, activity within the DSI population itself maintained the ramp current. When one DSI was driven in a quiescent preparation, all other DSIs were inhibited, yet the DSIs are known to be coupled by monosynaptic, reciprocal excitatory synapses. This effect could be explained by the action of an unidentified inhibitory interneuron (I-neuron), which was excited by DSIs and in turn inhibited all other DSIs. The DSIs were therefore coupled reciprocally by both monosynaptic excitation and polysynaptic inhibition. Activity in C2 switched the DSI-DSI interaction from inhibition to excitation by inhibiting the I-neuron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
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Wallenhammar, Ann-Charlotte, Zahra Saad Omer, Eva Edin, and Anders Jonsson. "Influence of Soil-Borne Inoculum of Plasmodiophora brassicae Measured by qPCR on Disease Severity of Clubroot-Resistant Cultivars of Winter Oilseed Rape (Brassica napus L.)." Pathogens 10, no. 4 (April 6, 2021): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10040433.
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Use of resistant cultivars is considered the most effective tool in managing clubroot. Three clubroot-resistant commercial winter oilseed rape (OSR) cultivars and a susceptible ‘Cultivar mix’ were evaluated for disease severity index (DSI) and yield performance in field soils, selected for varying abundance of natural inoculum of Plasmodiophora brassicae. Seven field trials were carried out during 2017–2019 in winter OSR crops, and comparative bioassays were performed in a growth chamber. Substantial variation in clubroot infection between years was observed in the field trials. For Cultivar mix, a negative correlation (y = −252.3ln(x) + 58,897.6) was found between inoculum density and seed yield in five trials, whereas no correlation was found for the resistant cultivars. In bioassays, Cultivar mix exhibited a significantly high correlation between DSIb and number of gene copies g−1 soil (R2 = 0.72). For resistant cvs., Mentor and Alister, correlation was R2 = 0.45 and 0.58, respectively, indicating that resistance was under pressure. In field trials, DSIf of the resistant cultivars was lower (<27). The recommendation is thus to use clubroot-resistant cultivars of OSR as part of Integrated Pest Management in situations where abundance of P. brassicae DNA exceeds 1300 gene copies g−1 soil.
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Irving McGrath, Jennifer, Wengang Zhang, Regina Hollar, Alison Collings, Roger Powell, Rob D. Foale, Nicola Thurley, et al. "More Than a Moggy; A Population Genetics Analysis of the United Kingdom’s Non-Pedigree Cats." Genes 12, no. 10 (October 14, 2021): 1619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12101619.
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The domestic cat is one of the most popular pets in the world. It is estimated that 89–92% of domestic cats in the UK are non-pedigree Domestic shorthair (DSH), Domestic longhair (DLH), or Domestic semi-longhair cats (DSLH). Despite their popularity, little is known of the UK non-pedigree cats’ population structure and breeding dynamics. Using a custom designed single nucleotide variant (SNV) array, this study investigated the population genetics of 1344 UK cats. Principal components analysis (PCA) and fastSTRUCTURE analysis verified that the UK’s DSH, DLH, and DSLH cats are random-bred, rather than admixed, mix breed, or crossbred. In contrast to pedigree cats, the linkage disequilibrium of these random-bred cats was least extensive and decayed rapidly. Homozygosity by descent (HBD) analysis showed the majority of non-pedigree cats had proportionally less of their genome in HBD segments compared to pedigree cats, and that these segments were older. Together, these findings suggest that the DSH, DLH, and DSLH cats should be considered as a population of random-bred cats rather than a crossbred or pedigree-admixed cat. Unexpectedly, 19% of random-bred cat genomes displayed a higher proportion of HBD segments associated with more recent inbreeding events. Therefore, while non-pedigree cats as a whole are genetically diverse, they are not impervious to inbreeding and its health risks.
5
McConnell, M., A. S. Fokas, and B. Pelloni. "Localised coherent solutions of the DSI and DSII equations—a numerical study." Mathematics and Computers in Simulation 69, no. 5-6 (August 2005): 424–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matcom.2005.03.007.
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Boschetti, G., R. Rosa, and A. Trevisani. "Parallel Robot Translational Performance Evaluation through Direction-Selective Index (DSI)." Journal of Robotics 2011 (2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2011/129506.
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Performance indexes usually provide global evaluations of robot performances mixing their translational and/or rotational capabilities. This paper proposes a definition of performance index, called direction-selective index (DSI), which has been specifically developed for parallel manipulators and can provide uncoupled evaluations of robot translational capabilities along relevant directions. The DSI formulation is first presented within a general framework, highlighting its relationship with traditional manipulability definitions, and then applied to a family of parallel manipulators (4-RUU) of industrial interest. The investigation is both numerical and experimental and allows highlighting the two chief advantages of the proposed DSIs over more conventional manipulability indexes: not only are DSIs more accurate in predicting the workspace regions where manipulators can best perform translational movements along specific directions, but also they allow foreseeing satisfactorily the dynamic performance variations within the workspace, though being purely kinematic indexes. The experiments have been carried out on an instrumented 4-RUU commercial robot.
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Mercado, Melissa C., Deborah M. Stone, Caroline W. Kokubun, Aimée-Rika T. Trudeau, Elizabeth Gaylor, Kristin M. Holland, and Brad N. Bartholow. "Inconsistencies in Overdose Suicide Death Investigation Practice and Potential Remedies Using Technology: A Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Consultation Meeting Summary." Academic Forensic Pathology 11, no. 2 (June 2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19253621211022464.
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Introduction: It is widely accepted that suicides—which account for more than 47 500 deaths per year in the United States—are undercounted by 10% to 30%, partially due to incomplete death scene investigations (DSI) and varying burden-of-proof standards across jurisdictions. This may result in the misclassification of overdose-related suicides as accidents or undetermined intent. Methods: Virtual and in-person meetings were held with suicidologists and DSI experts from five states (Spring-Summer 2017) to explore how features of a hypothetical electronic DSI tool may help address these challenges. Results: Participants envisioned a mobile DSI application for cell phones, tablets, or laptop computers. Features for systematic information collection, scene description, and guiding key informant interviews were perceived as useful for less-experienced investigators. Discussion: Wide adoption may be challenging due to differences in DSI standards, practices, costs, data privacy and security, and system integration needs. However, technological tools that support consistent and complete DSIs could strengthen the information needed to accurately identify overdose suicides.
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van der Wegen-Franken, C. P. M., P. Mulder, B. Tank, and H. A. M. Neumann. "Variation in the dynamic stiffness index of different types of medical elastic compression stockings." Phlebology: The Journal of Venous Disease 23, no. 2 (April 2008): 77–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1258/phleb.2007.006018.
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Objectives To calculate the dynamic stiffness index (DSI) of 18 different brands of medical elastic compression stockings (MECS). Methods In all, 18 different brands of MECS that were divided into five categories (class II round-knitted, class II flat-knitted, class III round-knitted, class III flat-knitted and class IV flat-knitted MECS) were tested. The static pressure and dynamic pressure pulsations at the B1 level were measured with a newly developed dynamic pressure-determining device. The DSI was calculated. Results The DSI of all 18 brands of MECS showed higher values compared with the static stiffness. A wide range of dynamic stiffness indices was observed not only between all brands of MECS, but also within the five categories. Conclusions The DSI of MECS is independent of the compression class and the type of knit. The variation in the DSIs between MECS is not because of any measurement error and would indicate that different therapeutic effectiveness may be expected within one compression class. Therefore, a refinement in the current classification system for MECS with other characteristics such as the DSI is warranted.
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Paramita, Anindya Dewi, Andi Tenri Faradiba, and Khintan Sucitasari Mustofa. "ADVERSE CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCE DAN DELIBERATE SELF HARM PADA REMAJA DI INDONESIA." Jurnal Psikologi Integratif 9, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 16. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpsi.v9i1.2137.
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Self-injurious behavior or acts of self-harm that are commonly found in adolescents are form of channeling negative emotions to deal with emotional pain. One reason for this pain was exposure to unpleasant experiences called adverse childhood experiences. This study aims to explore the detrimental effect of experience on self-harm in adolescents. This study used two measuring instruments, the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) was used to measure DSH and Adverse Childhood Experience Quesionnaire (ACE.Q) was used to measure ACE. There were 168 respondents in the study who participated filling online questionnaire and they were gathered through non-probability sampling technique. The result showed that there was a positive correlation between adverse childhood experiences on self-harm with a sig value of 0.035 <0.05. This means that the higher the ACE, the higher the DSH. Perilaku melukai diri sendiri atau deliberate self-harm (DSH) banyak ditemukan pada remaja sebagai bentuk penyaluran emosi secara negatif untuk mengatasi rasa sakit secara emosional. Salah satu penyebab rasa sakit tersebut adalah adanya paparan pengalaman tidak menyenangkan yang disebut dengan adverse childhood experience (ACE). Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh adverse childhood experience terhadap deliberate self-harm pada remaja di Indonesia. Penelitian ini menggunakan dua alat ukur, yaitu Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) untuk mengukur DSH dan Adverse Childhood Experience Quesionnaire (ACE.Q) untuk mengukur ACE. Terdapat 168 responden dalam penelitian ini yang diperoleh secara online melalui teknik non-probability sampling. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat korelasi positif antara adverse childhood experience terhadap deliberate self-harm dengan nilai sig 0,035 < 0,05. Artinya, semakin tinggi adverse childhood experience maka semakin tinggi pula kecenderungan melakukan deliberate self-harm
10
Myers, Ronald E., Shailesh M. Advani, Pamela Myers, Preethi Selvan, Gregory Garber, Brooke Worster, Neal Flomenberg, Andrew Chapman, and Ralph Zinner. "Engaging Patients with Late-Stage Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer in Shared Decision Making about Treatment." Journal of Personalized Medicine 11, no. 10 (October 1, 2021): 998. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm11100998.
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Few treatment decision support interventions (DSIs) are available to engage patients diagnosed with late-stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in treatment shared decision making (SDM). We designed a novel DSI that includes care plan cards and a companion patient preference clarification tool to assist in shared decision making. The cards answer common patient questions about treatment options (chemotherapy, chemotherapy plus immunotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, clinical trial participation, and supportive care). The form elicits patient treatment preference. We then conducted interviews with clinicians and patients to obtain feedback on the DSI. We also trained oncology nurse educators to implement the prototype. Finally, we pilot tested the DSI among five patients with NSCLC at the beginning of an office visit scheduled to discuss treatment with an oncologist. Analyses of pilot study baseline and exit survey data showed that DSI use was associated with increased patient awareness of the alternatives’ treatment options and benefits/risks. In contrast, patient concern about treatment costs and uncertainty in treatment decision making decreased. All patients expressed a treatment preference. Future randomized controlled trials are needed to assess DSI implementation feasibility and efficacy in clinical care.
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Ganiger, Fakirappa B., Manisha Sharma, and Somashekhar Bijjal. "Risk factors for Deliberate Self Harm in Bipolar Affective Disorder patients presenting to Tertiary care center- A cross-sectional study." Nepal Journal of Neuroscience 19, no. 1 (March 15, 2022): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njn.v19i1.40505.
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Abstract:-
Background: Deliberate Self Harm (DSH) is a complex event, associated with psychosomatic, biological, social factors and psychiatric disorders. Current literature shows that, there is rise in DSH in psychiatric disorders and it has been recognised as major public health problem in India. So, objective of this study was to assess the underlying risk factors for DSH in patients with Bipolar Affective Disorder (BPAD).
Methods:
This cross-sectional study was conducted on 150 patients diagnosed with BPAD as per International Classification of Diseases; tenth revision (ICD-10). Semi-structured socio-demographic proforma was used to record basic profile. Deliberate self harm inventory (DSHI) was administered to assess the type of DSH. Young Mania Rating scale and Beck Depression Inventory were used to assess severity of symptoms.
Results:
Prevalence of DSH in present study was 33%. In socio-demographic profile, younger age group, lower education levels and being single were significant risk factors for DSH (p- value <.001, .016 and <.001 respectively) and among clinical variables, early years of disorder, severe mania, moderate and severe depressive episode in presence of medium to high suicidal intent, family history of mood disorders and co-morbid substance use and medical disorder were significant risk factors for DSH in BPAD with statistical significance (p<.0001).
Conclusion:
DSH is considered to be the significant predictor of suicide. BPAD is associated with high risk of DSH, which can be present in either depressive or manic episode. Patients with BPAD in early years of illness, should be evaluated thoroughly for risk factors, so that DSH risk can be minimised
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Liu, Changfu, Chuanjian Wang, Zhengde Dai, and Jun Liu. "New Rational Homoclinic and Rogue Waves for Davey-Stewartson Equation." Abstract and Applied Analysis 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/572863.
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A new method, homoclinic breather limit method (HBLM), for seeking rogue wave solution of nonlinear evolution equation is proposed. A new family of homoclinic breather wave solution, and rational homoclinic solution (homoclinic rogue wave) for DSI and DSII equations are obtained using the extended homoclinic test method and homoclinic breather limit method (HBLM), respectively. Moreover, rogue wave solution is exhibited as period of periodic wave in homoclinic breather wave approaches to infinite. This result shows that rogue wave can be generated by extreme behavior of homoclinic breather wave for higher dimensional nonlinear wave fields.
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Clemens, Stefan, and Paul S. Katz. "G Protein Signaling in a Neuronal Network is Necessary for Rhythmic Motor Pattern Production." Journal of Neurophysiology 89, no. 2 (February 1, 2003): 762–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00765.2002.
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G protein-coupled receptors are widely recognized as playing important roles in mediating the actions of extrinsic neuromodulatory inputs to motor networks. However, the potential for their direct involvement in rhythmic motor pattern generation has received considerably less attention. Results from this study indicate that G protein signaling appears to be integral to the operation of the central pattern generator (CPG) underlying the escape swim of the mollusk Tritonia diomedea. Blocking G protein signaling in a single CPG neuron, cerebral neuron C2, with intracellular iontophoresis of the guanine nucleotide analogue guanosine 5′- O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP-β-S), prevented the production of the swim motor program. Moreover, tonic activation of G protein signaling in this neuron by iontophoresis of the GTP analogues guanosine 5′- O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-γ-S) and 5′-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate also inhibited motor pattern production. The possible sites of action of these guanine nucleotide analogues were examined to assess potential mechanisms by which they interfered with motor pattern production. Intracellular iontophoresis of GDP-β-S into C2 did not affect C2 basal synaptic strength. However, it did reduce heterosynaptic facilitation of C2 synapses caused by the dorsal swim interneurons (DSIs), a set of serotonergic swim CPG neurons. In contrast, GTP-γ-S directly enhanced C2 synaptic strength onto DFN, mimicking the neuromodulatory effect of the DSIs. GDP-β-S, but not the GTP analogues, decreased C2 excitability, whereas both GTP analogues, but not GDP-β-S, blocked the ability of DSI stimulation to increase C2 excitability. The decrease in C2 excitability caused by GDP-β-S is not likely to be responsible for the inhibition of the swim motor pattern because decreasing C2 firing rate, by injecting hyperpolarizing current, did not prevent the production of the rhythmic motor pattern. Taken together, these data suggest that G protein signaling is a necessary and integral component of the escape swim CPG in Tritonia and that G protein signaling mediates DSI heterosynaptic facilitation of C2 but may not mediate the DSI-evoked enhancement of C2 excitability.
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Gołaś, Zbigniew. "IMPACT OF STOCK MANAGEMENT ON THE PROFITABILITY OF MILK PROCESSING COMPANIES." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXI, no. 3 (August 10, 2019): 82–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.3314.
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This paper analyzes the relationships between the productivity of stocks and the return on assets of milk processing companies. Productivity of stocks was measured as the Days Sales of Inventory (DSI) for materials, intermediate products, work-in-progress, finished products and commodities, and as the DSI for total stocks. The study was based on corporate micro-data from 2007–2016 retrieved from the EMIS database. Based on panel regression models, it was concluded that an improvement in stock management efficiency, measured with the Days Sales of Inventory, is positively correlated to the return on assets of milk processing companies. Although it was considerably shorter in the milk sector than in the entire food industry throughout the study period, it grew longer each year. This evolution means a deterioration in the efficiency of stock management of finished products which, in the long run, may adversely affect the financial performance of milk producers. The parameters of the estimated regression models clearly confirm it is reasonable to reduce DSIs.
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Mesai-ahmed, Hamza, Abderrahim Bentaallah, Antonio J. Marques Cardoso, Youcef Djeriri, and Imed Jlassi. "Robust Neural Control of the Dual Star Induction Generator Used in a Grid-Connected Wind Energy Conversion System." Mathematical Modelling of Engineering Problems 8, no. 3 (June 24, 2021): 323–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/mmep.080301.
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This paper presents a field-oriented control (FOC) of a dual star induction generator (DSIG) applied in a grid-connected wind energy conversion system. Currently, the dual star induction machine (DSIM) is increasingly used among multiphase machines. The machine has two star-connections, sharing the same stator offset, by an electrical angle of 30° and fed by two parallel converters. Maximum power point tracking (MPPT) is illustrated in a first stage, in order to extract a maximum of power under fluctuating wind speed. In a second stage, vector control of a DSIG with FOC is described. Finally, voltage oriented control (VOC) is used to ensure the power factor unity on the grid side. The main contribution of the presented paper is the application of a simple architecture of an artificial neural network (ANN) controller in order to improve the robustness and stability of the system, especially against the parameter change. In comparison with the conventional control, which is known by its sensitivity, the proposed neural MPPT with neural FOC (NMPPT-NFOC) presents better performance under normal and abnormal conditions. The robustness and effectiveness of the proposed control has been validated through illustrative simulation results with different functional zones, and for fixed and variable wind speed.
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Clemens, Stefan, and Paul S. Katz. "Identified Serotonergic Neurons in the TritoniaSwim CPG Activate Both Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors." Journal of Neurophysiology 85, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 476–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.85.1.476.
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Although G-protein-coupled (metabotropic) receptors are known to modulate the production of motor patterns, evidence from the escape swim central pattern generator (CPG) of the nudibranch mollusk, Tritonia diomedea, suggests that they might also participate in the generation of the motor pattern itself. The dorsal swim interneurons (DSIs), identified serotonergic neurons intrinsic to the Tritonia swim CPG, evoke dual component synaptic potentials onto other CPG neurons and premotor interneurons. Both the fast and slow components were previously shown to be due to serotonin (5-HT) acting at distinct postsynaptic receptors. We find that blocking or facilitating metabotropic receptors in a postsynaptic premotor interneuron differentially affects the fast and slow synaptic responses to DSI stimulation. Blocking G-protein activation by iontophoretically injecting the GDP-analogue guanosine 5′- O-(2-thiodiphosphate) (GDP-β-S) did not significantly affect the DSI-evoked fast excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP) but decreased the amplitude of the slow component more than 50%. Injection of the GTP analogues guanosine 5′- O-(3-thiotriphosphate) (GTP-γ-S) and 5′-guanylyl-imidodiphosphate, to prolong G-protein activation, had mixed effects on the fast component but increased the amplitude and duration of the slow component of the DSI-evoked response and, with repeated DSI stimulation, led to a persistent depolarization. These results indicate that the fast component of the biphasic synaptic potential evoked by a serotonergic CPG neuron onto premotor interneurons is mediated by ionotropic receptors (5-HT-gated ion channels), whereas the slow component is mediated by G-protein-coupled receptors. A similar synaptic activation of metabotropic receptors might also be found within the CPG itself, where it could exert a direct influence onto motor pattern generation.
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Nacul, Flavio E., Nicolas Paul, Claudia D. Spies, Henriette Sechting, Thomas Hecht, Jörn S. Dullinger, Sophie K. Piper, et al. "Influence of Sedation Level and Ventilation Status on the Diagnostic Validity of Delirium Screening Tools in the ICU—An International, Prospective, Bi-Center Observational Study (IDeAS)." Medicina 56, no. 8 (August 13, 2020): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina56080411.
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Background and objectives: The use of delirium screening instruments (DSIs) is recommended in critical care practice for a timely detection of delirium. We hypothesize that the patient-related factors “level of sedation” and “mechanical ventilation” impact test validity of DSIs. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective, bi-center observational study (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT01720914). Critically ill patients were screened for delirium daily for up to seven days after enrollment using the Nursing Delirium Screening Scale (Nu-DESC), Intensive Care Delirium Screening Checklist (ICDSC), and Confusion Assessment Method for the Intensive Care Unit (CAM-ICU). Reference standard for delirium diagnosis was the neuropsychiatric examination using the criteria of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition, Text Revision (DSM-IV-TR). Immediately before delirium assessment, ventilation status and sedation levels were documented. Results: 160 patients were enrolled and 151 patients went into final analysis. Delirium incidence was 23.2%. Nu-DESC showed a sensitivity and specificity of 88.5%, a positive predictive value (PPV) of 71.9%, and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 95.8%. ICDSC had a sensitivity of 62.5%, a specificity of 92.4%, a PPV of 71.4%, and a NPV of 89.0%. CAM-ICU showed a sensitivity of 75.0%, a specificity of 94.7%, a PPV of 85.7%, and a NPV of 90.0%. For Nu-DESC and ICDSC, test validity was significantly better for non-sedated patients (Richmond Agitation Sedation Scale (RASS) 0/−1), whereas test validity for CAM-ICU in a severity scale version showed no significant differences for different sedation levels. No DSI showed a significant difference in test validity between noninvasively and invasively ventilated patients. Conclusions: Test validities of DSIs were comparable to previous studies. The observational scores ICDSC and Nu-DESC showed a significantly better performance in awake and drowsy patients (RASS 0/−1) when compared with other sedation levels. Physicians should refrain from sedation whenever possible to avoid suboptimal performance of DSIs.
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Adjati, Arezki, Toufik Rekioua, and Djamila Rekioua. "Use of the Dual Stator Induction Machine in Photovoltaic - Wind Hybrid Pumping." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 54, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 115–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.18280/jesa.540113.
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In this article, a combination of two renewable sources is used to power a pumping station. Indeed, a photovoltaic generator (GPV) and a wind turbine are installed so as to be complementary in the process of filling the water tower similar to an accumulator, before distributing the water by gravity. Prior knowledge of a few quantities, in particular the assessment of water requirements, total dynamic head (TDH) and flow rate is essential for sizing the various components of the pumping chain. The results obtained show that the combination of the energy of the sun with that of the wind ensures a continuity of service; the use of an engine (DSIM) and a double stator induction generator (DSIG) allows degraded mode operation in the event that one or more parts of the drive system are defective. The global system is dimensioned and simulated under Matlab/ Simulink Package.
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Shiraliyeva R.K. and Aliyev R.R. "Dağınıq skleroz və yaşlanma." NATIONAL JOURNAL OF NEUROLOGY, no. 18 (January 21, 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.28942/nnj.v2i18.303.
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Təqdim edilən məqalənin məqsədi dağınıq skleroz (DS) xəstələrinin yaşlanması və yaşlılarda DSin klinik gedişi, nevroloji status, komorbid vəziyyətlər və terapevtik aspektlərin tədqiqi olmuşdur. Tədqiqatın material və metodları. Tədqiqat zamanı “Dağınıq skleroz xəstəliyinin müalicəsi, profilaktikası və onunla mübarizə tədbirlərinə dair Dövlət proqramı” çərçivəsində Akademik M.Mirqasımov adına Respublika Klinik Xəstəxanasının nəzdində yerləşən Azərbaycan Respublikası Səhiyyə Nazirliyinin Nevroloji Mərkəzində xüsusi ekspert komissiyası tərəfindən bir il (01.07.201330.06.2014)ərzində Azərbaycan üzrə müayinə və müalicə edilən xəstələr (356 nəfər) araşdırılmışdır. Tədqiqatın nəticələri və müzakirə. DSdən əziyyət çəkən xəstələrin 7,3%nin (26 nəfər) yaşı ≥50 yaş olmuşdur. Xəstələrin orta yaşı 53,04±2,89 yaş, ilk DS həmləsinin baş verdiyi orta yaş göstəricisi 38,73±9,47 yaş olmuşdur. Diaqnoz qoyulanda isə xəstələrin orta yaşı 47,54±4,76 yaş təşkil etmişdir. Tədqiqatacəlb edilən xəstələrdə DSin davametmə müddəti orta hesabla 14,31±10,10 il olmuşdur. DSin klinik gedişində ikincili proqressivləşən DS bütün xəstələrin yarısında rast gəlinmişdir (50,0%), xəstələrin 38,46%də residivverən DS olmuşdur. Göründüyü kimi, ikincili proqressivləşən DS 50 yaşdan yuxarı xəstələr arasında residivverən DSi üstələmişdir. DS inkişaf etdikcə, xəstələrdə kiçik çanaq orqanlarının pozuntuları, hissiyat pozuntuları, hərəki pozuntular və koordinator pozuntuların rastgəlinmə tezliyi artır. Xəstələrin 15,4%i 2ci tip şəkərli diabet, 11,5%i ürəyin işemik xəstəliyindən əziyyət çəkmişdir. Təktək hallarda qastrointestinal patologiyalar, fəqərə sütununun degenerativ xəstəlikləri, ginekoloji xəstəliklər aşkarlanmışdır.Yekun. Yaşla əlaqədar digər patologiyaların rastgəlinmə tezliyinin artmasını nəzərə alaraq, yaşlı DS xəstələrində komorbid vəziyyətlərin vaxtında aşkarlanması və müalicəsinə xüsusi diqqət yetirilməlidir. “Dağınıq skleroz xəstəliyinin müalicəsi, profilaktikası və onunla mübarizə tədbirlərinə dair Dövlət proqramı”nın tətbiqindən sonra DS xəstələrinə diqqət, xəstəliyin vaxtında aşkarlanmasına yönələn tədbirlər daha da artmışdır. Eyni zamanda uzun müddət DS xəstəliyindən əziyyət çəkən yaşlı xəstələrin müalicəsində və reabilitasiyasında irəliləyişlərə nail olunmuşdur
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Yang, Bo. "DSI." ACM Transactions on Multimedia Computing, Communications, and Applications 6, no. 1 (February 2010): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1671954.1671957.
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Hirsch, Lily, Hamish Mackie, and Iain McAuley. "Fatal footsteps: Understanding the Safe System context behind New Zealand’s pedestrian road trauma." Journal of Road Safety 32, no. 1 (February 1, 2021): 5–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.33492/jrs-d-20-00013.
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In 2016 in New Zealand, pedestrians accounted for 7.6% (n=25) of all road fatalities and 6.6% (n=257) of serious injuries (Ministry of Transport, 2017). The aim of this research was to analyse a sample of pedestrian deaths and serious injury (DSI) cases to understand the contribution of Safe System gaps in serious harm outcomes. A sample of 100 pedestrian fatality and 200 serious injury crash reports from 2013-2017 were analysed to identify the contribution of the four Safe System pillars (roads and roadsides, vehicle, speed environment, user) in each crash case. The research identified common crash scenarios and highlighted the need for improvements in speed management, safer vehicles, safety campaigns, and infrastructure design. In addition, the research identified latent high-order sociotechnical system factors that obstruct the mechanisms to effectively address these Safe System issues and which ultimately perpetuate the occurrence of pedestrian DSIs.
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Navarro-Camacho, Richard, Edwin Esquivel-Segura, Elemer Briceño-Elizondo, and Dagoberto Arias-Aguilar. "Estimating aboveground biomass for Eucalyptus saligna Sm. and Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn in the center region of Costa Rica." Revista Forestal Mesoamericana Kurú 11, no. 27 (June 24, 2014): 22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/rfmk.v11i27.1775.
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The contribution of forests as climate change mitigation sinks through growth production calls for the accurate determination of their biomass production, therefore it is necessary to to evaluate variables such as weight of dry leaves, diameter at breast height (DBH) , diameter at stump height (DSH) and total height and their effect on individual aboveground biomass. The analysis was conducted at theTechnological Institute of Costa Rica (TEC) located in the province of Cartago- Sampling consisted on 31 sampling of<em> Eucalyptus saligna</em> and <em>Eucalyptus camaldulensis</em>, in order to estimate a linear regression model to predictaverage tree biomass. The final model obtained for biomass was Biomasa = e^2,6915+2,1338*√DSHi, with a coefficient of determination of 0,9061. We recommend a study to help determine the biomass and soil organic matter to provide a complete inventory of biomass for a given area.
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Cammisa, L., S. Pacifici, D. Alunni Fegatelli, D. Calderoni, F. Fantini, M. Ferrara, and A. Terrinoni. "Non-suicidal self-injury and suicide attempt: A continuum or separated identities?" European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.463.
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IntroductionNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) has been proposed as diagnostic entity and was added in the section 3 of the DSM 5. However, little is known about the long-term course of the disorder: NSSI and suicide attempt (SA) often lie on a continuum of self-harm, but it’s still unclear if they represent two different nosografical entities. Both these groups are commonly enclosed in the term of Deliberate self-harm (DSH), also including self-harm with suicidal intent conditions.ObjectivesThis study aims to explore differences between two clinical samples (NSSI and SA) to highlight the possible connection between these two categories, to better understand the risk of progression from NNSI into suicidal intent conditions.Methods102 inpatients with DSH (62 NNSI; 40 SA; age range: 12 to 18 years) were assessed by self-report questionnaires: the Deliberate Self-Harm Inventory (DSHI) and the Repetitive Non-suicidal Self-Injury Questionnaire (R-NSSI-Q) to explore the severity and repetitiveness of self-injurious behaviors and by the Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) and Multi-Attitude Suicide Tendency scale (MAST), as indirect measures of suicidal risk.ResultsPreliminary results showed that inpatients with NSSI (62) presented high scores of indirect suicide risk, similar to SA sample (40).ConclusionsThis result highlights the possibility to consider NSSI and SA in a continuum of psychopathology and that repetitive self-harm even in the absence of clear suicidal intentions represent a significant risk factor in the development of suicidality in adolescence.DisclosureNo significant relationships.
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Hmamsy, Youssef El, Chouaib Ennawaoui, and Abdelowahed Hajjaji. "Topology network effects for DSSH circuit on vibration energy harvesting using piezoelectric materials." Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 25, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 721. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijeecs.v25.i2.pp721-731.
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<span lang="EN-US">Energy extraction takes place using several different technologies, depending on the type of energy and how it is used. The objective of this paper is to study topology influence for a smart network based on piezoelectric materials using the DSSH (Double Synchronized Switch Harvesting). In this work, has been presented network topology for circuit DSSH (DSSH Standard, Independent DSSH, DSSH in parallel, Mono DSSH, DSSH in series). Using simulation-based on a structure with embedded piezoelectric system harvesters, then compare different topology of circuit DSSH for knowledge is how to connect the circuit DSSH together and how to implement accurately this circuit strategy for maximizing the total output power. The network topology DSSH extracted power a technique allows again up to in terms of maximal power output compared with network topology standard extracted at the resonant frequency. The simulation results shows that by using the same input parameters the maximum efficiency for topology DSSH in parallel produces 120% more energy than topology DSSH-series. In addition, the energy harvesting by Mono-DSSH is more than DSSH-series by 650% and it has exceeded DSSH-ind by 240%.</span><span lang="EN-US">Energy extraction takes place using several different technologies, depending on the type of energy and how it is used. The objective of this paper is to study topology influence for a smart network based on piezoelectric materials using the DSSH (Double Synchronized Switch Harvesting). In this work, has been presented network topology for circuit DSSH (DSSH Standard, Independent DSSH, DSSH in parallel, Mono DSSH, DSSH in series). Using simulation-based on a structure with embedded piezoelectric system harvesters, then compare different topology of circuit DSSH for knowledge is how to connect the circuit DSSH together and how to implement accurately this circuit strategy for maximizing the total output power. The network topology DSSH extracted power a technique allows again up to in terms of maximal power output compared with network topology standard extracted at the resonant frequency. The simulation results shows that by using the same input parameters the maximum efficiency for topology DSSH in parallel produces 120% more energy than topology DSSH-series. In addition, the energy harvesting by Mono-DSSH is more than DSSH-series by 650% and it has exceeded DSSH-ind by 240%.</span>
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Johansson, P. Maria, and Sandra A. I. Wright. "Low-Temperature Isolation of Disease-Suppressive Bacteria and Characterization of a Distinctive Group of Pseudomonads." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 69, no. 11 (November 2003): 6464–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.69.11.6464-6474.2003.
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ABSTRACT The influence of environmental factors during isolation on the composition of potential biocontrol isolates is largely unknown. Bacterial isolates that efficiently suppressed wheat seedling blight caused by Fusarium culmorum were found by isolating psychrotrophic, root-associated bacteria and by screening them in a bioassay that mimicked field conditions. The impact of individual isolation factors on the disease-suppressive index (DSI) of almost 600 isolates was analyzed. The bacteria originated from 135 samples from 62 sites in Sweden and Switzerland. The isolation factors that increased the probability of finding isolates with high DSIs were sampling from arable land, Swiss origin of samples, and origination of isolates from plants belonging to the family Brassicaceae. The colony morphology of the isolates was characterized and compared to DSIs, which led to identification of a uniform morphological group containing 57 highly disease-suppressive isolates. Isolates in this group were identified as Pseudomonas sp.; they were fluorescent on King's medium B and had characteristic crystalline structures in their colonies. These isolates were morphologically similar to seven strains that had previously been selected for suppression of barley net blotch caused by Drechslera teres. Members of this morphological group grow at 1.5°C and produce an antifungal polyketide (2,3-deepoxy-2,3-didehydrorhizoxin [DDR]). They have similar two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein profiles, phenotypic characteristics, and in vitro inhibition spectra of pathogens. In summary, in this paper we describe some isolation factors that are important for obtaining disease-suppressive bacteria in our system, and we describe a novel group of biocontrol pseudomonads.
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Schneider-Helmert, D. "DSIP in Sleep Disturbances." European Neurology 25, no. 2 (1986): 154–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000116097.
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Tsunashima, Koichi, Akira Masui, and Nobumasa Kato. "The effect of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and phosphorylated DSIP (P-DSIP) on the apomorphine-induced hypothermia in rats." Brain Research 510, no. 1 (February 1990): 171–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0006-8993(90)90748-z.
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Cerrada, Elena, and Mariano Laguna. "Heteroleptic gold complexes with 4,5-diselenolate-1,3-dithiole-2-thione (C3C3Se22-, dsit)." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 76, no. 7 (July 1, 1998): 1033–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v98-101.
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The reaction of (NBu4)2[Zn(dsit)2] (dsit = 4,5-diselenolate-1,3-dithiole-2-thione) with AuClL in a 1:4 ratio leads to [Au2(dsit)L2] (L = PPh3 (1), PPh2Me (2)), transferring the diselenolate group. Complex 2 reacts further with equimolar amounts of [Au(OClO3)L], affording the trinuclear complex [Au3(dsit)(PPh2Me)3]ClO4 (3). When the reaction of (NBu4)2[Zn(dsit)2] with [Au2Cl2(P-P)] was carried out in a 1:2 ratio, complexes [Au2(dsit)(P-P)]n (P-P = dppe (1,2-bis(diphenylphosphine)ethane), n = 1 (4); P-P = dppm (bis(diphenylphosphine)methane), n = 2 (5)) are obtained. Anionic derivatives such as (NBu4)[Au(dsit)2] (6) could be obtained by reaction of the zinc complex with (NBu4)[AuBr4] in a 1:1 ratio while other gold complexes require a tin complex as ligand transfer. So [Sn(dsit)Me2] (7), obtained from the zinc complex and [SnCl2Me2], reacts with PPN[Au(C6F5)Cl] (PPN = bis(triphenylphosphine)iminium) or [AuBr2(S2CNR2)] affording [Au(dsit)(S2CNR2)] (R = Me (8); R = Bz (9)) or (PPN)2[Au2(dsit)(C6F5)2] (10), respectively. Electrochemical oxidation of 6 gives (NBu4)0.4[Au(dsit)2] (11) and the reaction with (TTF)3(BF4)2 (TTF = tetrathiafulvalene) affords (TTF)[Au(dsit)2] (12). Electrical conductivities of these complexes at room temperature in compacted pellets are 3 × 10-8 (11) and 5 × 10-3 (12) S cm-1.Key words: diselenolate, dsit, gold complexes, tin complexes.
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Resan, Mirko, Miroslav Vukosavljevic, and Milorad Milivojevic. "Photorefractive keratectomy for correction of myopia: Our one-year experience." Vojnosanitetski pregled 69, no. 10 (2012): 852–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp1210852r.
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Background/Aim. Photorefractive keratectomy (PRK), after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), is commonly performed refractive surgical method worldwide. The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness and safety of PRK in correction of various strengths of myopia and to assess how much corneal tissue is being removed with one diopter sphere (Dsph) correction by using different optical zones (OZ). Methods. A prospective study with a follow-up period of 6 months included 55 patients of which 100 myopic eyes were treated by PRK method (one eye was included in 10 patients). Myopic eyes with a preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) = 1.0 (20/20) were analysed. In order to assess the effectiveness of PRK operated myopic eyes were divided into four groups according to the dioptric power: 1)? -1.75 Dsph (n = 26); 2) from -2 to -3.75 Dsph (n = 44); 3) from -4 to -6.75 Dsph (n = 23), and 4) ? -7 Dsph (n = 7). Myopic eyes with preoperative BCVA ? 0.9 (amblyopic eyes) were excluded from the study, as well as eyes with astigmatism > -1.5 Dcyl. To assess the effectiveness of PRK we examined the percentage of eyes in the mentioned groups, which derived uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) 6 months after the intervention to the following: a) UCVA = 1.0 (20/20) and b) UCVA ? 0.5 (20/40). To assess the safety of PRK we examined the frequency of intraoperative and postoperative complications. To estimate how much corneal tissue was removed with one Dsph correction by using different OZ, we used preoperative and postoperative (after 6 months) central pachymetry values expressed in ?m and volume of cornea (central 7 mm) expressed in mm?. In that sense, we used only the myopic eyes with clear preoperative spherical refraction. The total number of these eyes was 27, of which 16 eyes were treated using a 6.5 mm OZ and 11 eyes using a 7 mm OZ. Results. Refractive spherical equivalent (RSE) for all eyes was in the range from -0.75 to -8.75 Dsph, and preoperative mean value of RSE with standard deviation (mean RSE ? SD) was -3.32 ? 1.83 Dsph. Six months after PRK, 91% of eyes had UCVA = 20/20, and 99% of eyes had UCVA ? 20/40. In the first group (? -1.75 Dsph) preoperative mean RSE ? SD was -1.34 ? 0.32 Dsph, six months after PRK, 96% of eyes had UCVA = 20/20, and 100% of eyes had UCVA ? 20/40. In the second group (from -2 to -3.75 Dsph) preoperative mean RSE ? SD was - 2.95 ? 0.57 Dsph, six months after PRK, 89% of eyes had UCVA = 20/20, and 100% of eyes had UCVA ? 20/40. In the third group (from -4 to -6.75 Dsph) preoperative mean RSE ? SD was - 4.93 ? 0.70 Dsph, six months after PRK, 100% of eyes had UCVA = 20/20. In the fourth group (? - 7 Dsph) preoperative mean RSE ? SD was -7.71 ? 0.67 Dsph, six months after PRK, 57% of eyes had UCVA = 20/20, and 86% of eyes had UCVA ? 20/40. There were no intraoperative complications while postoperative complications occurred in 2 patients - in both cases in one eye (2%). In that cases, epithelial defects were detected. In the group of eyes that were treated by 6.5 mm OZ mean RSE ? SD was -2.45 ? 0.99 Dsph, the ablation depth per 1 Dsph was 17.54 ? 5.58 ?m and ablated volume of central 7 mm cornea by 1 Dsph was 0.43 ? 0.18 mm?. In the group of eyes that were treated by 7 mm OZ mean RSE ? SD was -3.32 ? 2.26 Dsph, the ablation depth per 1 Dsph was 23.73 ? 6.91 ?m and ablated volume of central 7 mm cornea by 1 Dsph was 0.61 ? 0.31 mm?. Conclusion. PRK is effective and safe refractive surgical method for correcting myopia up to -8 .75 Dsph. OZ size is the main factor determining the depth of the excimer laser ablation of the corneal tissue volume consumed by 1 Dsph. Higher OZ value determines higher consumption of cornea tissue.
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Monschein, Stefan, Katharina S. Ragger, Josef Fasching, Dominik Zügner, and Ronald Schnitzer. "Microstructural, Chemical, and Crystallographic Investigations of Dynamic Strain-Induced Ferrite in a Microalloyed QT Steel." Metals 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 313. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met12020313.
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Dynamic strain-induced transformation (DSIT) enables the formation of fine-grained ferritic microstructures, which are well suited for cold forming processes in the as-rolled condition. In this work, the formation mechanism, chemical composition, and crystallographic orientation of DSIT ferrite were investigated in a micro-alloyed steel and compared to pre-eutectoid ferrite. High-resolution techniques, such as scanning transmission electron microscopy and atom probe tomography (APT), were used for the investigations. To generate DSIT ferrite and pre-eutectoid ferrite, different experimental routes were applied using a compression deformation dilatometer. The results show a large number of NbC precipitates within DSIT ferrite, and show that the formation of DSIT ferrite is accompanied with C diffusion and the formation of retained austenite. APT measurements revealed that the C- and Mn concentration in DSIT ferrite is higher compared to pre-eutectoid ferrite. The crystallographic orientation of DSIT ferrite was examined using electron backscatter diffraction. The crystallographic orientation of DSIT ferrite after the deformation route revealed that the <111> plane normals are parallel to the compression direction with the <110> directions pointing towards the radial direction of the compressed sample. The results suggest that the formation of DSIT ferrite is a displacive mechanism, accompanied by C diffusion.
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Sturge, Jodi, Louise Meijering, C. Allyson Jones, Mirjam Garvelink, Danielle Caron, Susanna Nordin, Marie Elf, and France Légaré. "Technology to Improve Autonomy and Inform Housing Decisions for Older Adults With Memory Problems Who Live at Home in Canada, Sweden, and the Netherlands: Protocol for a Multipronged Mixed Methods Study." JMIR Research Protocols 10, no. 1 (January 21, 2021): e19244. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/19244.
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Background Understanding the mobility patterns and experiences of older adults with memory problems living at home has the potential to improve autonomy and inform shared decision making (SDM) about their housing options. Objective We aim to (1) assess the mobility patterns and experiences of older adults with memory problems, (2) co-design an electronic decision support intervention (e-DSI) that integrates users’ mobility patterns and experiences, (3) explore their intention to use an e-DSI to support autonomy at home, and (4) inform future SDM processes about housing options. Methods Informed by the Good Reporting of A Mixed Methods Study (GRAMMS) reporting guidelines, we will conduct a 3-year, multipronged mixed methods study in Canada, Sweden, and the Netherlands. For Phase 1, we will recruit a convenience sample of 20 older adults living at home with memory problems from clinical and community settings in each country, for a total of 60 participants. We will ask participants to record their mobility patterns outside their home for 14 days using a GPS tracker and a travel diary; in addition, we will conduct a walking interview and a final debrief interview after 14 days. For Phase 2, referring to results from the first phase, we will conduct one user-centered co-design process per country with older adults with memory issues, caregivers, health care professionals, and information technology representatives informed by the Double Diamond method. We will ask participants how personalized information about mobility patterns and experiences could be added to an existing e-DSI and how this information could inform SDM about housing options. For Phase 3, using online web-based surveys, we will invite 210 older adults with memory problems and/or their caregivers, split equally across the three countries, to use the e-DSI and provide feedback on its strengths and limitations. Finally, in Phase 4, we will triangulate and compare data from all phases and countries to inform a stakeholder meeting where an action plan will be developed. Results The study opened for recruitment in the Netherlands in November 2018 and in Canada and Sweden in December 2019. Data collection will be completed by April 2021. Conclusions This project will explore how e-DSIs can integrate the mobility patterns and mobility experiences of older adults with memory problems in three countries, improve older adults’ autonomy, and, ultimately, inform SDM about housing options. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04267484; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04267484 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/19244
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Lin, Fan-ching, Yue Peng, Leslie A. Jones, Paulo H. Verardi, and Tilahun D. Yilma. "Incorporation of CD40 Ligand into the Envelope of Pseudotyped Single-Cycle Simian Immunodeficiency Viruses Enhances Immunogenicity." Journal of Virology 83, no. 3 (November 26, 2008): 1216–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01870-08.
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ABSTRACT A vaccine for the prevention of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is desperately needed to control the AIDS pandemic. To address this problem, we developed vesicular stomatitis virus glycoprotein-pseudotyped replication-defective simian immunodeficiency viruses (dSIVs) as an AIDS vaccine strategy. The dSIVs retain characteristics of a live attenuated virus without the drawbacks of potential virulence caused by replicating virus. To improve vaccine immunogenicity, we incorporated CD40 ligand (CD40L) into the dSIV envelope. CD40L is one of the most potent stimuli for dendritic cell (DC) maturation and activation. Binding of CD40L to its receptor upregulates expression of major histocompatibility complex class I, class II, and costimulatory molecules on DCs and increases production of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines, especially interleukin 12 (IL-12). This cytokine polarizes CD4+ T cells to Th1-type immune responses. DC activation and mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) studies were performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of CD40L-dSIV in vitro. Expression levels of CD80, CD86, HLA-DR, and CD54 on DCs transduced with the dSIV incorporating CD40L (CD40L-dSIV) were significantly higher than on those transduced with dSIV. Moreover, CD40L-dSIV-transduced DCs expressed up to 10-fold more IL-12 than dSIV-transduced DCs. CD40L-dSIV-transduced DCs enhanced proliferation and gamma interferon secretion by naive T cells in an MLR. In addition, CD40L-dSIV-immunized mice exhibited stronger humoral and cell-mediated immune responses than dSIV-vaccinated animals. The results show that incorporating CD40L into the dSIV envelope significantly enhances immunogenicity. As a result, CD40L-dSIVs can be strong candidates for development of a safe and highly immunogenic AIDS vaccine.
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Krajnc, Boštjan, Renata Habjanič, Aleksandra Rubelj, Branka Mlakar Štok, and Maja Stamenković. "Konferenca DSI 2011." Organizacija znanja 16, no. 3 (2011): 90–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3359/oz1103090.
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Gallart, C., D. Martínez-Delgado, A. Aparicio, and W. L. Freedman. "The New Local Group Galaxy Candidates Cas dSph, Peg dSph = And VI, and Cam A." Symposium - International Astronomical Union 192 (1999): 284–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0074180900204269.
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We present observations of the new Local Group galaxy candidates Cassiopeia dSph, Pegasus dSph = And VI and Camelopadalis A. Our deep color-magnitude diagrams show that the first two galaxies are certainly Local Group members, and likely dSph galaxies at a distance similar to that of the Andromeda galaxy. Cam A seems to be a star-forming galaxy situated considerably further away.
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MacLean, MA, C. Bailey, C. Fisher, R. Rampersaud, R. Greene, and A. Glennie. "P.173 Evaluating instability in Degenerative Lumbar Spondylolisthesis: objective variables versus surgeon impressions." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 49, s1 (June 2022): S53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2022.254.
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Background: The qualitative Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Instability Classification (DSIC) system defines pre-operative instability associated with degenerative lumbar spondylolisthesis (DLS) and facilitates surgical technique selection. Objectives: (1) propose a quantitative DSIC system; (2) compare objective measures to surgeon impressions of DLS-related instability. Methods: We conducted a multi-center prospective study of 408 adult patients undergoing surgery for DLS. Variables included in the quantitative classification were assigned point-values based on evidence quality. Scores were converted to DSIC Types: 0-2 points (“Stable”; Type I), 3 points (“Potentially Unstable”; Type II), 4-5 points (“Unstable”; Type III). Surgeons documented impressions of instability using the qualitative DSIC system. Results: Five variables were included in the quantitative DSIC: presence of facet effusion, preservation of disc height (<6.5mm), translation (>4mm), kyphotic or neutral disc angle in flexion, and presence of low back pain (LBP) (>5/10 intensity). Surgeons categorized higher degrees of instability than the preliminary quantitative DSIC system, in 130 patients (42%) (P < 0.001). Compared to procedures suggested by the quantitative DSIC system, more extensive surgical procedures were performed in 150 patients (57%) (P < 0.001). Conclusions: A quantitative DSIC system allowed DLS-related stability to be scored and categorized. Patients potentially received more extensive surgery than warranted based on quantitative assessments of stability.
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Amir-Zilberstein, Liat, and Rivka Dikstein. "Interplay between E-box and NF-κB in Regulation of A20 Gene by DRB Sensitivity-inducing Factor (DSIF)." Journal of Biological Chemistry 283, no. 3 (October 25, 2007): 1317–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m706767200.
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The NF-κB target gene A20 serves as a paradigm for gene-specific control of transcription elongation. This gene is regulated by the elongation factor DSIF (DRB sensitivity-inducing factor) under basal and NF-κB-activated states by two distinct mechanisms. Prior to NF-κB stimulation, the A20 gene is occupied by polymerase II, and elongation is inhibited by DSIF. This inhibition is mediated by an upstream promoter element termed ELIE (elongation inhibitory element). Upon NF-κB activation, inhibition of the A20 gene by DSIF persists, but now NF-κB and the core promoter regulate DSIF instead of ELIE. Here we investigated the regulation of DSIF by ELIE and the regulatory switch from ELIE to NF-κB following NF-κB induction. Electrophoretic mobility shift assays revealed two distinct protein complexes that specifically interact with ELIE, one of which is the E-box protein USF1. Interestingly, USF1 is displaced from the A20 promoter upon induction of NF-κB. A mutation in the E-box section of ELIE diminished the binding of USF1 and DSIF recruitment. Consistent with these findings, the E-box is crucial for DSIF inhibition in resting, but not NF-κB-stimulated, cells. These findings reveal a dynamic regulation of DSIF involving either E-box or NF-κB depending on the physiological circumstances.
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Yang, Yi, Si Ya Dong Xiong, Zi Nan Wang, Yong Xiao Li, Cheng Long Liu, Chao Peng, Zhen Rong Zhang, and Zheng Bin Li. "Improved Frequency Shifting Realization for the Delayed Self-Heterodyne Interferometric Linewidth Measurement." Applied Mechanics and Materials 303-306 (February 2013): 843–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.303-306.843.
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A new implementation of frequency shifting for the delayed self-heterodyne interferometer (DSHI) is proposed in this paper. In order to avoid the costly and complicated acoustic-optic modulator to shift frequency in the DSHI, we propose that a phase modulator can be used instead. The alternative strategy simplifies the complexity of the DSHI setup, as well as reduces the modulation-induced noise by modulating the two arms of DSHI at the same time. Theoretical and experimental analysis show that such a strategy successfully fulfills the frequency shifting function for the DSHI and accurate measurement of a laser’s linewidth and lineshape is realized correspondingly.
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Seo, Jeong-Hak, Hang-Dae Jo, Won-Gil Choi, Hyung-Kun Lee, and Yeong-Seong Park. "Study on the Desulfurization and Partial Oxidation of NO using the DSI Process." Journal of The Institute of Environmental Studies 18 (February 28, 2014): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15336/jies.2014.18.21.
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Lee, Hoonsil, Kyunghee Jung, and Youngjin Hwang. "Correlation studies of DSI and VHI - Focused on vocal nodule & LPR -." Phonetics and Speech Sciences 8, no. 4 (December 31, 2016): 123–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.13064/ksss.2016.8.4.123.
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Carignan, Claude. "Search for HI in Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxies." Publications of the Astronomical Society of Australia 16, no. 1 (1999): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/as99018.
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AbstractAfter reviewing the HI content and distribution in extreme dwarf irregular (dIrr) and dwarf elliptical (dE) galaxies, previous searches for HI in dwarf spheroidal (dSph) galaxies will be discussed. I will report on the recent detections of HI probably associated with the Local Group (LG) dSph Sculptor and dIrr/dSph Phoenix, obtained with the ATCA, along with a similar detection in the Centaurus Group dSph CEN_41. Data obtained for Sculptor, using the Parkes Multibeam system, will also be presented and the advantage of the wide field for such nearby objects will be emphasised. Finally, the possible origin of the gas and the general problem of the missing ISM in dSph galaxies will be discussed.
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Ainbinder, Elena, Liat Amir-Zilberstein, Yuki Yamaguchi, Hiroshi Handa, and Rivka Dikstein. "Elongation Inhibition by DRB Sensitivity-Inducing Factor Is Regulated by the A20 Promoter via a Novel Negative Element and NF-κB." Molecular and Cellular Biology 24, no. 6 (March 15, 2004): 2444–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.24.6.2444-2454.2004.
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ABSTRACT A20 is an immediate-early NF-κB target gene. Prior to NF-κB stimulation, the A20 promoter is bound by the polymerase II machinery to allow rapid transcription activation. Here we show that the basal A20 transcription is repressed at the level of elongation in a promoter-specific fashion. Immunodepletion in vitro and RNA interference in cultured cells suggest that the basal elongation inhibition is conferred by DRB sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF). We have identified a negative upstream promoter element called ELIE that controls DSIF activity. Remarkably, following NF-κB stimulation, inhibition of the A20 promoter by DSIF persists, but it is now regulated by NF-κB rather than ELIE. Similar regulation by DSIF is shown for another NF-κB-responsive gene, the IκBα gene. These findings reveal an intimate and dynamic relationship between DSIF inhibition of elongation and promoter-bound transcription factors. The potential significance of the differential regulation of DSIF activity by cis-acting elements is discussed.
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Hrncic, Dragan, Zeljko Grubac, Nikola Sutulovic, Aleksandra Rasic-Markovic, Anida Ademovic, and Olivera Stanojlovic. "Modulatory effects of delta sleep-inducing peptide in a lindane model of generalized seizures." Archives of Biological Sciences 70, no. 3 (2018): 559–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/abs180109017h.
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Delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) is an endogenous peptide that is constantly present in several different brain regions. Lindane is used as a pesticide and scabicide, but it also induces seizures refractory to conventional antiepileptics. The aim of this paper was to determine whether DSIP modulates lindane-induced seizures in rats in a behavioral and electroencephalographic (EEG) study. DSIP (1 mg/kg, i.p.) or dimethyl-sulfoxide (DMSO, 0.5 ml/kg, intraperitoneally (i.p.)) were injected 30 min before lindane (8 mg/kg, i.p.) to adult male rats with previously implanted electrodes for EEG registration. During the following 30 min, the EEG was registered, and the following behavioral characteristics of seizures were observed: incidence, latency and intensity. A descriptive scale with grades from 0 to 4 provided an estimate of seizure intensity. In the EEG, the number and duration of ictal periods were analyzed using NeuroSciLaBG (Belgrade, Serbia) software. The lethality rate was also analyzed. DSIP-treated animals showed significantly modified characteristics of lindane-induced seizures when compared to the group without DSIP pretreatment (i.e. a reduced seizure intensity and a prolonged seizure latency period). However, no significant effects of DSIP on seizure incidence and lindane-induced lethality were observed. EEG analyses showed a significantly decreased number of lindane-induced EEG ictal periods in DSIP-treated animals, but with unaltered duration. These results show that DSIP favorably modulates lindane-induced seizures in rats, showing a potential to be an adjuvant component of antiepileptic treatment strategy for refractory seizures.
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Stanojlovic, Olivera, Dragan Hrncic, Drenka Turjacanin, Dragana Zivanovic, and Veselinka Susic. "Delta sleep-inducing peptide and its analogues alleviate the severity of metaphit-induced audiogenic seizures in rats." Medical review 60, no. 9-10 (2007): 436–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0710436s.
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Introduction. We investigated the potential of delta sleep-inducing peptide (DSIP) and its analogue DSIP-12 (a nonapeptide with alanine in position 2 of DISP molecule substituted by beta-alanine) and tetrapeptide analogue DSIP1-4, to antagonize metaphit- (1-1(3-isothiocyanatophenyl)-cyclohexyl piperidine) induced generalized reflex audiogenic seizures in adult male Wistar albino rats. Material and Methods. Five groups of adult male Wistar rats were intraperitoneally treated with: 1. saline; 2. metaphit; 3. metaphit + DSIP; 4. metaphit + DSIP1-4 and 5. metaphit + DSIP-12. To examine the blocking effects of DSIP and its analogues on fully developed metaphit seizures, in the last three groups they were administered 8h after metaphit injection. The rats were stimulated using an electric bell (1003 dB, 5-8 kHz, 60 s) one hour after metaphit injection and afterwards at hourly intervals during the experiment. For EEG recordings and power spectra three gold-plated screws were implanted into the skull. Results. In metaphit-treated animals EEGs appeared as polyspikes and spike-wave complexes, while power spectra were increasing. The incidence and severity of metaphit-induced audiogenic seizures reached a peak value at 7-12 h after injection. Both DSIP and DSIP analogues significantly increased power spectra of delta waves and decreased the incidence of seizures, as well as mean seizure grade and tonic component of metaphit-induced convulsions. Conclusion. Taken together, these results suggest that DSIP and its analogues should be considered as potential antiepileptic agents. .
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Gilmore, G., and H. M. Asiri. "Are dSph galaxies Galactic building blocks?" EPJ Web of Conferences 19 (2012): 03001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/20121903001.
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Siegel, Michael H., Matthew D. Shetrone, and Michael Irwin. "TRIMMING DOWN THE WILLMAN 1 dSph." Astronomical Journal 135, no. 6 (May 1, 2008): 2084–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0004-6256/135/6/2084.
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Mateo, Mario. "Kinematics of dSph and dE galaxies." Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union 1, no. C198 (March 2005): 52–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1743921305003480.
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Chang, Wei-Ting, Hui-Ming Chen, Shu-Yi Yin, Yung-Hsiang Chen, Chih-Chun Wen, Wen-Chi Wei, Phoency Lai, Cheng-Hsin Wang, and Ning-Sun Yang. "SpecificDioscoreaPhytoextracts Enhance Potency of TCL-Loaded DC-Based Cancer Vaccines." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2013 (2013): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/932040.
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Dioscoreatuber phytoextracts can confer immunomodulatory activitiesex vivoand improve regeneration of bone marrow cellsin vivo. In present study, we evaluated specificDioscoreaphytoextracts for useex vivoas a bone-marrow-derived dendritic cell- (DC-) based vaccine adjuvant for cancer immunotherapy. FractionatedDioscoreaextracts (DsII) were assayed for their effect on maturation and functions of DCex vivoand antimelanoma activity of DC-based vaccinein vivo. The phytoextract from 50–75% ethanol-precipitated fraction ofDioscorea alatavar.purpureaTainung no. 5 tuber, designated as DsII-TN5, showed a strong augmentation of tumor cell lysate- (TCL-) loaded DC-mediated activation of T-cell proliferation. DsII-TN5 stimulated the expression of CD40, CD80, CD86, and IL-1βin TCL-loaded DCs and downregulated the expression of TGF-β1. DC vaccines prepared by a specific schema (TCL (2 h) + LPS (22 h)) showed the strongest antitumor activity. DsII-TN5 as a DC vaccine adjuvant showed strong antimelanoma activity and reduced myeloid-derived suppressor cell (MDSC) population in tested mice. DsII-TN5 can also activate DCs to enhance Th1- and Th17-related cytokine expressions. Biochemical analysis showed that DsII-TN5 consists mainly of polysaccharides containing a high level (53%) of mannose residues. We suggest that DsII-TN5 may have potential for future application as a potent, cost-effective adjuvant for DC-based cancer vaccines.
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Betz, Joseph M., Catherine A. Rimmer, Leila G. Saldanha, Melissa M. Phillips, Karen W. Andrews, Stephen A. Wise, Laura J. Wood, Adam J. Kuszak, Pavel A. Gusev, and Pamela R. Pehrsson. "Challenges in Developing Analytically Validated Laboratory-Derived Dietary Supplement Databases." Journal of Nutrition 148, suppl_2 (August 1, 2018): 1406S—1412S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxy134.
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Abstract The Dietary Supplement Label Database (DSLD) is sponsored by the Office of Dietary Supplements (ODS) and the National Library of Medicine (NLM). It provides a searchable, free database of the contents of ∼65,000 supplement labels. A companion database of analytically verified product labels [the Dietary Supplement Ingredient Database (DSID)] was created by ODS, NLM, and the USDA. There are considerable challenges to populating both databases, but the DSID faces unique analytic chemistry challenges. This article describes the challenges to creating analytically verified marketplace surveys of dietary supplement (DS) product content claims for inclusion in public databases. Nutritionists and public health scientists require information on actual exposures to DS constituents because labeled content may not match labeled product content. Analytic verification of composition of DSs provides a link to actual exposure. A public database of analytically derived DS content was developed to provide more accurate estimates of dietary intake in population-based epidemiologic studies. The DSID has conducted surveys of several types of vitamin- and mineral-containing DSs. Results showing label content claims as analytically derived values are available in the current DSID. A recent pilot project explored the feasibility of adding botanical DS products to the DSID. Candidates for future botanical DSID studies will be based on sales volume, potential public health impacts, and the availability of validated analytic methods and reference materials. Databases like DSID and the DSLD are essential for researchers and clinicians to evaluate dietary ingredient intakes in population-based epidemiologic studies. Together, these databases provide a picture of the DS marketplace. The DSID provides an analytic survey of marketed DSs. However, selection of future botanical supplements for DSID evaluation involves analytic challenges. Even when appropriate resources are available, method selection and data evaluation are resource- and time-consuming.
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Duke, Roseline, and Anthonia Ikpeme. "Primary Congenital Glaucoma with Delayed Suprachoroidal Hemorrhage following Combined Trabeculotomy Trabeculectomy and 5-Fluorouracil." Case Reports in Ophthalmological Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/163859.
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Background. Delayed postoperative suprachoroidal hemorrhage (DSCH) may occur following intraocular surgery for the treatment of glaucoma. It is considered to be a rare and debilitating event if not managed appropriately. Reported herewith is a case of Primary Congenital Glaucoma followed by DSCH with successful immediate surgical intervention and visual restoration.Patient and Method. An 8-month-old male child had bilateral Primary Congenital Glaucoma (PCG). Combined Trabeculotomy Trabeculectomy with 5-Fluorouracil (5FU) was performed. He developed delayed suprachoroidal hemorrhage (DSCH) within 24 hours after intraocular surgery which was drained. In addition, he developed exposure keratopathy and left amblyopia.Outcome. Resolution of the DSCH was seen with surgical drainage in addition to treatments for exposure keratopathy and amblyopia. These resulted in reduced intraocular pressure and improved visual acuities.Conclusion. There appears to be a difference in the overall management of PCG and DSCH between adults and children. A high index of suspicion as well as emergency surgical treatment for DSCH and associated conditions should be performed on pediatric patients that present with these challenges.
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Yamaguchi, Yuki, Naoto Inukai, Takashi Narita, Tadashi Wada, and Hiroshi Handa. "Evidence that Negative Elongation Factor Represses Transcription Elongation through Binding to a DRB Sensitivity-Inducing Factor/RNA Polymerase II Complex and RNA." Molecular and Cellular Biology 22, no. 9 (May 1, 2002): 2918–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.22.9.2918-2927.2002.
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ABSTRACT Negative elongation factor (NELF) is a human transcription factor complex that cooperates with DRB sensitivity-inducing factor (DSIF)/hSpt4-hSpt5 to repress elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). NELF activity is associated with five polypeptides, including NELF-A, a candidate gene product for Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome, and NELF-E, a putative RNA-binding protein with arginine-aspartic acid (RD) dipeptide repeats. Here we report several important findings regarding the DSIF/NELF-dependent elongation control. First, we have established an effective method for purifying the active NELF complex using an epitope-tagging technique. Second, the five polypeptides each are important and together are sufficient for its function in vitro. Third, NELF does not bind to either DSIF or RNAPII alone but does bind to the preformed DSIF/RNAPII complex. Fourth, NELF-E has a functional RNA-binding domain, whose mutations impair transcription repression without affecting known protein-protein interactions. Taken together, we propose that NELF causes RNAPII pausing through binding to the DSIF/RNAPII complex and to nascent transcripts. These results also have implications for how DSIF and NELF are regulated in a gene-specific manner in vivo.