Academic literature on the topic 'Dryness condition'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dryness condition"
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Zhao, Ning, and Ya Mi Chen. "An Accurate on-Line Monitoring Method of the Exhaust Steam Dryness Based on Discriminant Criteria of the Flow Patterns." Advanced Materials Research 347-353 (October 2011): 2448–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.347-353.2448.
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With the development of information and computer technology, it is possible to monitor and analyze on-line features of large steam turbine-generator units. The energy consumption rate and the exhaust steam dryness are two important indices. Base on the analyses of those existed calculation methods for turbine varying condition, we give a sequential varying condition calculation that starts with steam extraction of the final stage or the second final stage (superheated steam condition). According to the initially assumed final stage flow, and the thermodynamic parameters before the final stage, also the backpressure, we can distinguish the flow patterns of the stage by a discriminant criteria. Then we can conduct a stage varying condition calculation of primary stage in sequence from the front final stage parameter, so the new exhaust steam enthalpy and the exhaust steam dryness can be got. So the precise energy consumption rate and the exhaust enthalpy (or the dryness) can be got easily. Obviously, without measuring the flow or the dryness, we can accurately monitor the on-line energy consumption rate and the dryness of the units.
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Wang, Chong Chang, Chun Feng Zhou, and Yan Yan Yang. "Research on Drought Monitoring of Fuxin Based on MODIS Data." Key Engineering Materials 500 (January 2012): 666–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.500.666.
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In this paper, the temperature vegetation dryness index （TVDI） method and thermal inertia index method are designated as the way of modeling drought monitoring in Fuxin. First, the temperature vegetation dryness index and the thermal inertia index are obtained by means of the parameters. Then with soil water content data measured actually at meteorological stations in Fuxin, the empirical models of Temperature Vegetation Dryness Index–Soil Water Content (TVDI-SWC) and apparent Thermal Inertia-Soil Water Content (ATI-SWC) are established. After regression analysis and forecasting analysis of 2006, the results clearly show that the ATI-SWC model generally outperforms TVDI-SWC model on prevernal drought monitoring in Fuxin. It can be used for quick and exact estimation of the whole drought condition of Fuxin.
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Hadiati, Sri. "Burning Mouth Syndrome pada wanita Menopause dengan Hiposalivasi, Coated Tongue dan Gangguan Pengecapan serta Penatalaksanaannya." Majalah Kedokteran Gigi Indonesia 19, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/majkedgiind.15920.
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Blackground: Burning mouth syndrome (BMS) is a disorder that is characterized by a burning sensation of the oral cavity in the absence of visible local or systemic abnormalities. Affected patient often present with multiple oral complaints, including burning, dryness and taste alterations. The exact cause of burning mouth syndrome often is difficult to pin point. Conditions that have been reported in association with burning mouth syndrome include menopause, hyposlivation, coated tongue, taste alterations and psychologic condition. Objective: To report a case of burning mouth syndrome in postmenopausal women with hyposalivation, coated tongue, taste alterations and psychologic condition and its management. Case and management: a case of burning mouth syndrome in women with menopause, hyposalivation, coated tongue, and taste alterations, was managed effectively by gabapentin 100mg, probiotic chewing gum, diazepam 2mg and vitamin B1, B6, B12. Conclusion: Oral burning appears to be most prevalent in postmenopausal women often present with multiple oral complaints, including burning, dryness and taste alterations, in this case was managed effectively by gabapentin 100mg, prebiotic chewing gum, diazepam 2mg and vitamin B1, B6, B12.
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Park, Eunbeen, Jiwon Kim, Cholho Song, Hyun-Woo Jo, Sujong Lee, Sea Jin Kim, Sugyeong Park, Chul-Hee Lim, and Woo-Kyun Lee. "Applicability Analysis of Vegetation Condition and Dryness for Sand and Dust Storm (SDS) Risk Reduction in SDS Source and Receptor Region." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 7256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187256.
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Central Asian countries, which are included the Mid-Latitude Region (MLR), need to develop regional adaptive strategies for reducing Sand and Dust Storm (SDS)-induced negative damages based on adequate information and data. To overcome current limitation about data and assessment approaches in this region, the macroscale verified methodologies were required. Therefore, this study analyzed environmental conditions based on the SDS impacts and regional differences of SDS sources and receptors to support regional SDS adaptation plans. This study aims to identify environmental conditions based on the phased SDS impact and regional differences of SDS source and receptor to support regional adaptation plans in MLR. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Aridity Index (AI), and SDS frequency were calculated based on satellite images and observed meteorological data. The relationship among SDS frequency, vegetation, and dryness was determined by performing statistical analysis. In order to reflect phased SDS impact and regional differences, SDS frequency was classified into five classes, and representative study areas were selected by dividing source and receptor in Central Asia and East Asia. The spatial analysis was performed to characterize the effect of phased SDS impact and regional distribution differences pattern of NDVI and AI. The result revealed that vegetation condition was negatively correlated with the SDS frequency, while dryness and the SDS frequency were positively correlated. In particular, the range of dryness and vegetation was related to the SDS frequency class and regional difference based on spatial analysis. Overall, the Aral Sea and the Caspian Sea can be considered as an active source of SDS in Central Asia, and the regions were likely to expand into potential SDS risk areas compared to East Asia. This study presents the possibility of potential SDS risk area using continuously monitored vegetation and dryness index, and aids in decision-making which prioritizes vegetation restoration to prevent SDS damages with the macrolevel approach in the MLR perspective.
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Lakatos, László, and Zoltán Mitre. "Effect of Drought on the Future Sugar Content of Wine Grape Varieties till 2100: Possible Adaptation in the Hungarian Eger Wine Region." Biomolecules 13, no. 7 (July 18, 2023): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom13071143.
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The most significant risk for viticulture is that the sugar content of the grapes will increase in the future due to rising temperatures. As a result, it will be possible to produce wines with increasing alcohol content in the future. Excessively high alcohol content can significantly reduce the wines’ marketability and viticulture’s profitability. Our study seeks to answer how the expected drought in the Southern and Central regions of Europe will affect the future change in the sugar content of grapes. The degree of dryness was examined using the dryness index in the study. Finally, it was analyzed how the dryness index affects the past and future occurrence of maximum sugar content for six grape varieties. The probability of the occurrence of maximum sugar content for most vine grape varieties will decrease in the near future. However, in the distant future, there is a likelihood that the occurrence of maximum sugar content will increase again. If we can maintain the DI ≥ −10 condition with regulated deficit irrigation, the probability of the occurrence of maximum sugar content may decrease significantly in the near future. Ensuring moderate dryness is the only way to achieve the proper sugar content.
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Zhang, Wei, Xue Zheng Chen, Peng Fei Yin, Zheng Kai Xu, Bing Han, and Jia Wang. "EIS Study on the Deterioration Process of Organic Coatings under Immersion and Different Cyclic Wet-Dry Ratios." Applied Mechanics and Materials 161 (March 2012): 58–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.161.58.
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Under immersed and we-dry cyclic conditions, the deterioration processes of the organic coating on carbon steel surface have been comparatively studied using electrochemical techniques. The wet-dry cycles were carried out by exposure to 4 h immersion and 4h dryness (4-4h cycles) and 12h immersion and 12h dryness (12-12h cycles) conditions, respectively. The immersion condition was carry out in a 3.5% NaCl solution and drying at 298K and 50% RH. According to the EIS characteristics, the entire deterioration processes under above three mentioned conditions can be divided into three main stages, consisting of the medium penetration, corrosion initiation and corrosion extension. Comparing with the immersed, the 4-4h wet-dry cycles greatly accelerated the entire deterioration process; especially during the corrosion initiation and the corrosion extension periods, leading the paint system lose its anti-corrosive performance in a short period. However, the 12-12h wet-dry cycles decelerated the entire deterioration process, prolonging the coatings anticorrosive ability. The acceleration mechanism of the coatings and underlying metal corrosion under wet-dry cycles was discussed based on the above results.
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Park, Chang-Eui, Su-Jong Jeong, Chang-Hoi Ho, Hoonyoung Park, Shilong Piao, Jinwon Kim, and Song Feng. "Dominance of climate warming effects on recent drying trends over wet monsoon regions." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 17, no. 17 (September 7, 2017): 10467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-17-10467-2017.
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Abstract. Understanding changes in background dryness over land is key information for adapting to climate change because of its critical socioeconomic consequences. However, causes of continental dryness changes remain uncertain because various climate parameters control dryness. Here, we verify dominant climate variables determining dryness trends over continental eastern Asia, which is characterized by diverse hydroclimate regimes ranging from arid to humid, by quantifying the relative effects of changes in precipitation, solar radiation, wind speed, surface air temperature, and relative humidity on trends in the aridity index based on observed data from 189 weather stations for the period of 1961–2010. Before the early 1980s (1961–1983), change in precipitation is a primary condition for determining aridity trends. In the later period (1984–2010), the dominant climate parameter for aridity trends varies according to the hydroclimate regime. Drying trends in arid regions are mostly explained by reduced precipitation. In contrast, the increase in potential evapotranspiration due to increased atmospheric water-holding capacity, a secondary impact of warming, works to increase aridity over the humid monsoon region despite an enhanced water supply and relatively less warming. Our results show significant drying effects of warming over the humid monsoon region in recent decades; this also supports the drying trends over warm and water-sufficient regions in future climate.
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Tanihiro, Reiko, Katsuhisa Sakano, Shunsuke Oba, Chikako Nakamura, Kohji Ohki, Tatsuhiko Hirota, Hiroshi Sugiyama, Shukuko Ebihara, and Yasunori Nakamura. "Effects of Yeast Mannan Which Promotes Beneficial Bacteroides on the Intestinal Environment and Skin Condition: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study." Nutrients 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2020): 3673. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12123673.
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Yeast mannan (YM) is an indigestible water-soluble polysaccharide of the yeast cell wall. In vitro fecal fermentation studies showed that YM could exhibit a notable prebiotic effect. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to assess the efficacy of YM intake on the intestinal environment and skin condition. One hundred and ten healthy female subjects aged 30–49 years were supplemented with YM or placebo for eight weeks. Skin dryness was set as the primary endpoint. No side effects were observed during the study. Microbiota analyses revealed that YM intake selectively increased the relative abundance of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron and Bacteroides ovatus compared to that by placebo. Feces and urine analyses showed that YM intake lowered the concentration of fecal p-cresol, indole, and skatole, and elevated urinal equol levels compared to those in placebo. Furthermore, YM supplementation ameliorated subjective skin dryness. This study suggests that YM intake could promote beneficial Bacteroides and improve the intestinal environment and skin condition.
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Liu, Yan Xue, Yu Xin Liu, Bing Sun, Bin Shen, and Dong Fang Zhang. "Optimization of Superior Shoes Board Immersion Condition." Advanced Materials Research 887-888 (February 2014): 915–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.887-888.915.
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This paper studied on the influence of impregnation process on original board by using the Styrofan SD 332S which could improve the international bending strength, then own higher wear-resistant, fold-resistant and tear-resistant. Trough single factor experiments, the optimum impregnation processing conditions were: wet cardboard dryness of 45%, immersion at 35 °C for 4 minutes, preliminary drying at 70 °C under the premise of 300 ml, 20% latex concentration, subsequent drying at 100°C for 2h. Under the conditions of impregnation process, the property index of shoes board were: tensile strength 0.34 kN/cm2 through immersion 4 h, elongation of 1.56% through immersion 1 h, shrinkage of 0.84% through high temperature drying 1 h, peeling strength between layers 0.29N, fold endurance 5721 times.
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Li, Sisi, and Huawei Pi. "Deconstruction of Dryness and Wetness Patterns with Drought Condition Assessment over the Mun River Basin, Thailand." Land 11, no. 12 (December 9, 2022): 2244. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11122244.
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Agriculture is one of the dominant industries in the Mun River Basin, but farmlands are frequently affected by floods and droughts due to the water resource management mode of their rainfed crop, especially in the context of climate change. Drought risk assessment plays an important role in the Mun River Basin’s agricultural sustainable development. The objective of this study was to identify the tempo-spatial variation in dryness and wetness patterns; the drought intensity, frequency, and duration; and the potential causes behind drought using the methods of the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD), correlation analysis, and the Pettitt test over the basin. Results showed that the Mun River Basin underwent a drying climate pattern, which is explained by the significant decreasing trend of SPEI_12M during the study period. In addition, the downstream area of the Mun River Basin was subjected to more intense, extreme dryness and wetness events as the decreased amplitude of SPEI_12M and SPEI_3M was higher than that over the upper and middle reaches. Drought intensity presented a remarkable decadal variation over the past 36 years, and an average 7% increase per decade in the drought intensity was detected. Besides, there have been more mild and moderate droughts frequently appearing over the Mun River Basin in recent decades. For the underlying causes behind the drought condition, on the one hand, the shortened precipitation day over the rainy season accounted more for the intense drought events than the precipitation amount. On the other hand, El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-brought sea surface temperature anomalies aggravated the potential evapotranspiration (ETr), which might be closely related to the drought intensity and frequency variation. These tempo-spatial maps of dryness and wetness and drought occurrence characteristics can be conducive to local stakeholders and agricultural operators to better understand the agriculture industry risks and vulnerabilities and properly cope with pre-disaster planning and preparedness and post-disaster reconstruction over the Mun River Basin.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dryness condition"
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Gutierrez, Cori Omar. "Relationship and feedback between LULC changes and hydroclimatic variability in Amazonia." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024SORUS123.
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La forêt amazonienne joue un rôle essentiel en tant que régulateur du système climatique et principal puits de carbone terrestre. Il contrôle les processus hydroclimatiques et atténue les effets des sécheresses grâce au couplage végétation-atmosphère. En fait, les forêts amazoniennes peuvent potentiellement affecter les régimes de précipitations grâce à des processus biophysiques tels que le recyclage de l'eau. Cependant, ces capacités ont été réduites au cours des dernières décennies en raison des perturbations du système climat-végétation ainsi que de l'intensification des sécheresses. Cela a accentué un processus de transition biophysique d'un écosystème à prédominance forestière vers une savane. Par conséquent, compte tenu de ces complexités, il est extrêmement important de comprendre la direction des changements.À l'aide de plusieurs ensembles de données et du modèle couplé ORCHIDEE-LMDZ, cette thèse approfondit l'étude des interactions entre l'hydroclimatologie et la végétation amazonienne. En outre, il cherche à élargir notre compréhension des modifications du système végétation-atmosphère et de ses liens avec le climat et des changements du LULC. De même, en tenant compte des taux croissants de déforestation, il étudie les effets et les rétroactions résultant d'un scénario de perte forestière à grande échelle sur les processus hydrologiques.Les résultats montrent que, dans le sud-ouest de l'Amazonie, les forêts passant d'un état influencé par la disponibilité énergétique à un état dépendant de la disponibilité en eau tout au long de l'année. Pendant la saison des pluies, la croissance de la végétation est principalement influencée par la disponibilité en énergie plutôt que par la disponibilité en eau. Cependant, en dehors de cette période, les forêts réagissent positivement aux précipitations et au stockage terrestre de l'eau, ce qui suggère que la végétation dépend principalement de l'approvisionnement hydrique. Toutefois, une analyse spatiale révèle que la déforestation récente modifie ces transitions et déstabilise l'équilibre naturel du système climat-végétation.La nature de ces déséquilibres en Amazonie n'est pas complètement claire. En examinant les liens entre les flux d'eau/énergie et les conditions de végétation, nous explorons si ces changements sont inhérents au climat ou résultent de processus anthropiques. 67% du sud-ouest a connu une transition vers un état majoritairement sec en raison du climat (forçage externe), tandis que 21% a connu une transition vers un état dominé par la déforestation (forçage interne). Cependant, les moteurs externes et internes entraînent simultanément des changements. En quantifiant les forçages, nous montrons que les synergies ont amené 74% du sud-ouest de l'Amazonie à un état de stress hydrique élevé. Or, ces dernières années, 30% des changements sont strictement dominés par des forçages internes. Cela suggère que les processus internes jouent un rôle croissant dans la transition vers des états caractérisés par un stress hydrique forestier élevé, particulièrement là où la déforestation et la pression anthropique augmentent.À l'aide du modèle couplé ORCHIDEE-LMDZ, les effets de la déforestation projetée de l'Amazonie d'ici 2050 sur le cycle de l'eau et la sécheresse sont examinés. La déforestation diminue les précipitations, réduit l'évapotranspiration et augmente le ruissellement. De plus, elle accentue le stress hydrique, notamment dans le sud-ouest de l'Amazonie (retour positif). La demande en eau dans l'atmosphère, à la surface et même dans la zone racinaire du sol s'intensifie pendant la saison sèche. Pendant la saison des pluies, le déficit d'humidité atmosphérique devient encore plus aigu vers les Andes tropicales, sur la région de l'Altiplano. Ces résultats permettent de mieux comprendre les effets possibles du déboisement massif sur la disponibilité en eau et la résilience de l'Amazonie dans un contexte où les changements se produisent à un rythme accéléréThe Amazon rainforest plays a vital role by functioning as a regulator of the climate system and as the main terrestrial carbon sink. It drives hydroclimatic processes and mitigates the effects of droughts through vegetation-atmosphere coupling. Indeed, Amazon forests have the potential to impact rainfall patterns through biophysical processes like water recycling. However, these capacities have been reduced during the last decades due to disturbances in the climate-vegetation system together with the intensification of droughts. All this has accentuated a process of biophysical transition from a predominantly forested ecosystem to a Savanna. Therefore, given these complexities, understanding the direction of changes is of vital importance.Using multiple datasets and the coupled ORCHIDEE and LMDZ models, this thesis delves into the study of the interactions between Amazon hydroclimatology and vegetation. In addition, it seeks to expand our understanding of modifications in the vegetation-atmosphere system and its links with climate and LULC changes. Likewise, taking into account the increasing rates of deforestation, it investigates the effects and feedback resulting from a large-scale forest loss scenario on hydrological processes.The results show that, over the southwestern Amazon, forests undergo a transition from being influenced by energy availability to depending on water availability throughout the year. During the rainy season, vegetation growth is primarily influenced by energy availability rather than water availability. Nevertheless, outside of this period, forests respond positively to precipitation and terrestrial water storage, suggesting that vegetation is primarily dependent on water supply. However, a spatial analysis reveals that recent deforestation modifies these transitions and destabilizes the natural balance in the climate-vegetation system.The nature of these imbalances in the Amazon is not entirely clarified. Through an approach based on the relationships of water/energy fluxes and vegetation conditions over the last four decades, it is explored whether these changes are intrinsic to climate variability or are driven by anthropogenic processes. 67% of the southwestern Amazon has experienced a transition towards a predominantly dry state due to climatic factors (external forcing), while 21% has transitioned towards a state dominated by deforestation (internal forcing). However, external and internal forcings are not independent processes, as both mechanisms drive changes simultaneously. By weighing the magnitudes of these forcings, we show that the synergies have led 74% of the southwestern Amazon toward a state of greater water stress. Nevertheless, during recent years, although combined external-internal processes continue to exert significant control over changes, 30% of these are strictly dominated by internal forcing. This suggests that internal processes are playing an increasingly relevant role in the transition towards a state characterized by high forest water stress, especially in areas where deforestation and anthropogenic pressure are increasing.Using the coupled ORCHIDEE and LMDZ models, the effects of projected Amazon deforestation by 2050 on the hydrological cycle and dryness are examined. Deforestation decreases precipitation, reduces evapotranspiration and increases runoff. Furthermore, deforestation accentuates water stress especially in the southwestern Amazon (positive feedback). Water demands in the atmosphere, on the land surface and even in the soil root zone intensify during the dry season. During the wet season, the deficit of specific atmospheric humidity becomes even more acute towards the tropical Andes over the Altiplano region. These findings provide a more thorough understanding of the possible effects of massive forest removal on the water availability and resilience of the Amazon in a context where changes are occurring at an accelerated rate
Books on the topic "Dryness condition"
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Price, Elizabeth J., and Anwar R. Tappuni, eds. Oxford Textbook of Sjögren's Syndrome. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806684.001.0001.
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The Oxford Textbook of Sjögren’s Syndrome is an authoritative textbook, rich with valuable illustrations and figures, providing a practical guide to diagnosing and managing all aspects of this condition. Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic, immune-mediated condition typically presenting in women in their fifth or sixth decade. With increased awareness and improvement in diagnostic tests, younger women and occasionally men are now being diagnosed with this condition. Frequently, Sjögren’s syndrome occurs in association with other autoimmune diseases, usually rheumatoid arthritis, systemic lupus erythematosus, or scleroderma. The hallmark of this condition is dryness of the eyes and mouth, but many patients have systemic effects that can be debilitating, including fatigue, peripheral neuropathy, and lung damage. It has potentially serious long-term complications, including a higher risk of developing lymphoma and foetal congenital heart block. Diagnosis of the condition can be challenging as the presenting symptoms are variable. Management of the condition can be complex as the course of the disease is unpredictable and the available therapy is mainly symptomatic, with no known cure as yet. Experts in the condition from around the world have contributed to this book to provide the most up-to-date information on pathophysiology, classification criteria, diagnostic tests, systemic manifestations of the disease, and emerging therapeutic options. The publication of this book coincides with a period of increased interest in Sjögren’s within the scientific, medical, and pharmacological worlds.
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Heart of dryness: How the last bushmen can help us endure the coming age of permanent drought. New York: Walker & Co, 2009.
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Le'Fay, Morgana. Skin Health & Eczema: Taking Excellent Care of your Skin, Face and Children with Eczema During Dryness Conditions (Morgana Le'Fays Natural Health Archives). Independently published, 2018.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Dryness condition"
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Nuttall, Sarah. "Wet and Dry Hinterlands: Pluviality and Drought in J. M. Coetzee’s Life and Times of Michael K." In Planetary Hinterlands, 239–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24243-4_15.
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AbstractConditions of pluviality and dryness are crucial to registers of extraction, abandonment, and care in J. M. Coetzee’s Life and Times of Michael K. The analysis reads for these conditions across the looped hinterlands from the port city of Cape Town into the uplands of the Karoo. Water, specifically rain or the lack of it, shapes K’s capacity to (even minimally) redefine abandonment as a form of small abundance. Unloosed from the terms of his involuntary labor in service to capitalism-colonialism, he works a wind pump and a borehole, mostly by cover of moonlight. In the now “disastrously dry” hills above Prince Albert, where much of the novel is set, K’s project of temporary freedom and surreptitious subsistence would no longer be remotely possible.
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Marshall, John D., J. Renée Brooks, and Alan F. Talhelm. "Forest Management and Tree-Ring Isotopes." In Stable Isotopes in Tree Rings, 651–73. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92698-4_23.
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AbstractForest management can be improved by the mechanistic understanding that tree-ring stable isotopes provide. Key management tools include genetic selection, competing vegetation control, thinning, and fertilization. These tools frequently change environmental conditions and physiological processes, such as photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, water uptake, and nitrogen cycling, which may leave isotopic signatures in tree-rings, providing detailed responses to management over decadal time periods. While data sets remain small, some trends have emerged from previous forest management studies using stable isotopes. Genotype selection sometimes shows isotopic evidence of maladaptation, especially in the presence of climate change. Competition control and thinning have different isotopic reactions depending on the dryness of the site; they generally obtain different responses depending on whether competition is primarily for aboveground (light) or belowground (water and nutrient) resources. Fertilization responses recorded in tree rings appear to be driven by initial increases in photosynthesis, and later by increases in leaf area index. Tree-ring isotopic applications can provide key insights to a much broader range of silvicultural objectives than included here, and we encourage their application in large-scale silvicultural experiments to reduce uncertainties and explain mechanisms of response. In future work, we suggest that management studies wishing to utilize tree-ring stable isotopic analysis include key ancillary measurements, especially leaf nitrogen concentrations, leaf-area index, xylemwater sources, and canopy temperature, to help support interpretation of the isotopic data.
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Price, Elizabeth J., and Anwar R. Tappuni. "Introduction." In Oxford Textbook of Sjögren's Syndrome, edited by Elizabeth J. Price and Anwar R. Tappuni, 3–4. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806684.003.0001.
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Sjögren’s syndrome is a chronic, immune-mediated condition typically presenting with dryness of the eyes and mouth, accompanied by systemic effects including severe fatigue, joint pain, and stiffness. Patients presenting with SS are usually women aged 50–60 years old. However, we are increasingly finding it in younger women, and occasionally in men, as awareness of the condition increases, and diagnostic tests improve. This chapter introduces the reader to the common issues facing clinicians, and we hope that the following chapters comprehensively cover all aspects of Sjögren’s syndrome, providing an authoritative resource for scientists and health care workers interested in the subject.
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Renton, William D., Elizabeth J. Price, and A. V. Ramanan. "Juvenile- and young adult–onset Sjögren’s syndrome." In Oxford Textbook of Sjögren's Syndrome, edited by Elizabeth J. Price and Anwar R. Tappuni, 223–26. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806684.003.0026.
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Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) is very rare in teenagers and there are only anecdotal reports world-wide of its occurrence in prepubertal children. Paediatric cohort studies have demonstrated that approximately half of patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) have primary disease. As with adults, secondary SS is most commonly associated with systemic lupus erythematosus, although cases have also been reported in patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis, mixed connective tissue disease, and other autoimmune conditions. The condition is almost certainly underdiagnosed. Children and young adults rarely complain of dryness and usually present with parotid gland swelling and systemic disease. Clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management are all discussed in this chapter.
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Venables, Patrick J. W., and Elizabeth Price. "Sjögren’s syndrome." In Oxford Textbook of Medicine, 3688–91. Oxford University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199204854.003.191106_update_001.
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Sjögren’s syndrome is an autoimmune connective tissue disease characterized by dryness of the eyes and mouth and lymphocytic infiltrates in the salivary, lachrymal, and other exocrine glands. Its cause is not known, but the condition may be primary, where the disease exists on its own, or secondary, where it is associated with other rheumatic diseases, most commonly rheumatoid arthritis. It affects women more than men (ratio 9:1) and is the second commonest autoimmune rheumatic disease (after rheumatoid arthritis), but in many patients remains undiagnosed because symptoms are usually mild....
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Price, Elizabeth J., and Alan N. Baer. "Sjögren’s syndrome—summary of clinical management." In Oxford Textbook of Sjögren's Syndrome, edited by Elizabeth J. Price and Anwar R. Tappuni, 255–68. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198806684.003.0030.
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Managing patients with Sjögren’s syndrome (SS) in a clinical setting remains challenging despite a number of published practical management guidelines based on systematic reviews and involving both experts and patients. In this chapter we aim to provide a pragmatic guide to managing SS patients in clinic, drawing on evidence presented in this book, published guidelines, and the authors personal experience. Successful management of SS requires the physician to personalize care to the individual patient. Although dryness (sicca) of the eyes and mouth are the classically described features of SS, other mucosal surfaces may be affected, and patients may have systemic manifestations, including fatigue and arthralgia. Physicians should educate and support patients to manage their condition with interventions to conserve, replace, and stimulate secretions; prevent damage; and suppress any systemic disease activity.
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Melkonian, Rita. "Management of Gynecologic and Urologic Aspects of Sjögren’s." In The Sjögren's Book, 338–52. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197502112.003.0035.
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Sjögren’s patients are at increased risk for a variety of unique gynecologic and urologic complications, and this chapter will discuss a range of these complications. Vaginal dryness and dyspareunia are the most common manifestations of Sjögren’s and can often be successfully treated with topical products. Frequent urinary tract infections can occur. Pregnancy poses its own unique problems, with the potential for fetal heart block or miscarriage connected with antiphospholipid antibodies; a multidisciplinary approach with the rheumatologist, gynecologist, and pediatrician is key to the successful treatment and management of patients with Sjögren’s. The rare manifestation of lichen sclerosus needs to be addressed by the patient’s gynecologist, as this condition can cause severe vulvovaginal atrophy and regression. The pathogenesis of gynecologic manifestations such as premature ovarian failure, endometriosis, amyloidosis, and interstitial cystitis in Sjögren’s patients needs further research.
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Segal, Sheldon J., and Luigi Mastroianni. "Why do women have menopause?" In Hormone Use in Menopause & Male Andropause, 3–8. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195159745.003.0001.
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Abstract Menopause is the result of an inevitable decline in ovarian function. The term usually denotes the completion of a full year without a menstrual period. As menopause approaches, the ovaries decrease in size as virtually all the egg-containing ovarian follicles are lost due to a process called atresia. Estrogen production diminishes, and cycles tend to become shorter and more erratic. Menopause follows this last phase of the life cycle of the ovary which starts early in fetal life when the gland mobilizes the resources it will later need to assure egg and hormone production throughout a woman’s reproductive years. The link between deterioration of ovarian function and menopause is the fall in estrogen production. Estrogen is not only important for maintaining reproductive function, but it is a key hormone in maintaining bone density and for protecting against other physical and mental health disorders associated with aging. Sleep disturbances, hot flashes, vaginal dryness, and urinary incontinence are all conditions associated with estrogen fluctuation or deprivation. Osteoporosis, thinning of the bones, is a life-threatening condition for postmenopausal women. The onset of menopause, in other words, has many more health-related implications for women than simply the loss of reproductive capacity.
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Nanera, Nimisha, and Dr Chintankumar J. Tank. "PRIMARY POSTMENOPAUSAL OSTEOPOROSIS." In Emerging Pharmaceutical Sciences: Today and Tomorrow, 73–80. Iterative International Publishers, Selfypage Developers Pvt Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.58532/nbennurch332.
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According to the World Health Organisation (WHO), natural menopause is defined as at least 12 months of amenorrhoea that are not brought on by pathological or physiological factors. According to statistics, the average age for natural menopause is fifty-one in developed countries. At the same time, it is 48 years in developing and underdeveloped countries.1. The majority of women will live longer compared to onethird of their adult lives after going through the menopausal transition, with an average lifespan of 70 years. In addition, as the ageing population grows faster than ever, the percentage of menopausal women is increasing. As a result, menopausal women's health has gained international attention. Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is the cause of primary ovarian failure, which leads to the natural physiological phenomenon known as menopause. As we age, our ovarian function decreases. Follicle-stimulating hormone levels rise along with a decrease in oestradiol production when menopause begins (FSH). Women will go through several uncomfortable symptoms through their menstrual period, including dyspareunia, atrophy of the vagina and dryness, mood swings, hot flashes, and night sweats. In addition to these, bone loss is the most common condition affecting women going through menopause and is closely linked to a lower quality of life; in this review, we focus on osteoporosis that occurs after menopause
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Spiera, Robert F. Spiera Harry. "How Can I Be Sure It’s Really SJogren’s?" In The New SJogren’s Syndrome Handbook, 106–12. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195172287.003.0013.
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Abstract In This Chapter, we will explore the differential diagnosis of Sjogren’s syndrome and the occurrence of sicca (dryness) and other Sjogren’s features in other, nonautoimmune conditions that can mimic Sjogren’s.
Conference papers on the topic "Dryness condition"
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Johnson, Nathan, and Matthew Johnson. "STIMULATION OF THE LINGUAL NERVE FOR INCREASED SALIVA OUTPUT." In 2023 Design of Medical Devices Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dmd2023-9277.
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Abstract Xerostomia is the perception of oral dryness. In addition to discomfort, xerostomia can lead to several long-term medical complications within the oral cavity and gastrointestinal system. Treatment options are limited and are either not effective or not convenient for all people with xerostomia. In this study, we designed, tested, and further developed an oral mouth guard insert with electrodes for stimulating the lingual nerve on the medial side of the lower jawbone. Saliva production, collected in the context of randomized on/off testing with a subject blinded to the test condition, resulted in significantly more saliva output during and following lingual stimulation (2.07 g over one minute) versus off stimulation control conditions (1.58 g also over one minute) (two-sample t-test, p=0.001). The proof-of-concept prototype is poised for further refinement with system integration and improvement in packaging. Xerostomia is a common medical condition, and non-implantable devices that can increase salivation on-demand hold significant promise for treating xerostomia in the broader public.
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Myers, David G. "Humidity Control Simulation for Electronics Packaging." In ASME 2003 International Electronic Packaging Technical Conference and Exhibition. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2003-35057.
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An important aspect of environmental control is the protection of equipment from the harmful effects of humidity. It is often desirable to desiccate a sealed volume in order that it satisfy a dryness requirement over the duration of its service life. Desiccant sizing, along with proper sealing, become important design elements in ensuring that such a requirement is achieved. To this end, Raytheon has developed a simulation tool to analyze and predict the humidity within sealed volumes. The pertinent physical principles that are modeled are permeation of water vapor by diffusion, pneumatic leakage, the hygroscopic properties of sealed materials, desiccant characteristics, and the kinetic model of ideal gas mixtures. The simulation has the capability of imposing any external environmental condition, consisting of diurnal cycles of temperature and humidity. The physical principles which underlie the simulation are described. An example of simulation results, design decisions and lessons-learned are presented.
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Liu, Renwei, Haishan Zhu, Qingping Li, Yufei Wan, and Kaifeng Fan. "Study of Uneven Distribution in Parallel Petroleum Processing Pipes." In 2016 11th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2016-64262.
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The aim of this article is to investigate uneven distribution of oil-gas two phase flow in parallel petroleum processing pipelines. On-site analysis on BZ35-2 central platform A and SZ36-1 central platform N/O (two typical platforms in China’s Bohai Bay) shows that uneven distribution is originated mainly by two sources: flow rate difference and dryness difference. A 3-dimensional numerical model of two-phase flow in T-junction before parallel processing units was built. Flow and dryness distribution under different operating conditions were simulated. It is demonstrated that unevenness of flow rate grows worse as the total flow rate increases or operating pressure difference between parallel units becomes larger. Moreover, unevenness of dryness is mainly caused by phase split in a tee. It can be concluded that the phase split will be more obvious when parallel units are located at different heights or gas volume fraction of feed stream and inlet flow rate is small. Besides, flow rate distribution has an effect on dryness distribution. There is a specific flow ratio that will cause the most serious phase split. Finally, according to the conclusions, modification scheme for BZ35-2 central platform A piping layout was proposed. And this work may provide some guidance for process design and practical operation of parallel units.
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Edvardsson, S., and T. Uesaka. "System Stability of the Open Draw Section and Paper Machine Runnability." In Advances in Pulp and Paper Research, Oxford 2009, edited by S. J. I’Anson. Fundamental Research Committee (FRC), Manchester, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/frc.2009.1.557.
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The present work is concerned with the system dynamics and stability of the open draw sections of paper machines where web breaks occur most frequently. We have applied a novel particle based system dynamics model that allows the investigation of complex interactions between web property fluctuations and system parameters, without any constraints of a particular geometrical web shape or boundary conditions assumed a priori. The result shows that, at a given machine draw and web property parameters, the open draw section maintains its steady-state until it reaches a certain machine speed limit. At this speed the system looses its stability and the web strain starts growing without any limit, and thus leading to a web break. A similar instability can also be triggered when web properties suddenly fluctuate during steady-state operation. The parametric sensitivity studies indicate that, among the web property parameters studied, the elastic modulus of the wet web has the largest impact on the critical machine speed as well as on the detachment point where the web is released from the first roll. Further analysis shows that the decrease in dryness has a (negative) synergistic effect causing an increased risk of system instability. It is, therefore, most important to control, not only average dryness, but also its variations in order to enhance paper machine runnability.
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McKay, C., S. Stokes, and F. Shirani. "Impact of Environmental Conditions on Safe Depressurisation of CO2 Pipelines: A Discussion on Design and Feasibility." In SPE Offshore Europe Conference & Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/215549-ms.
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Abstract Designing pipelines for CO2 transport comes with unique challenges when compared to conventional oil and gas transportation systems. One of which is the proximity of the CO2-rich fluid phase boundary to typical operating conditions. There are also significant risks specific to non-routine, planned operations which cross this phase boundary - such as depressurisation. This paper discusses how changes in environmental conditions can impact the safe depressurisation of CO2 pipelines. During depressurisation of a CO2 pipeline, cold temperatures are a risk due to the high Joule Thomson (JT) coefficient of CO2-rich gas. When the contents of the pipeline transition from dense to gas phase, heat will also be absorbed from the system's surroundings to supply the latent heat of vaporisation. The combination of these factors means that the surrounding ambient conditions can greatly impact the requirements for safe depressurisation. To investigate this impact, the depressurisation of three representative CO2 pipelines have been investigated using thermohydraulic modelling software, considering varying ambient conditions from Wood's project experience. The results show that factors such as ambient temperatures, wind velocities/seabed current, and the thermal conductivity of the surrounding soil have a first order impact on the minimum temperatures expected during depressurisation. The properties of the soil, such as dryness and composition - rarely the focus of detailed environmental analysis - are noted to have a particularly high impact on the minimum temperatures expected. Depending on the minimum wall design temperatures and pipeline length, this can result in significant minimum durations required to safely depressurise CO2 pipelines. It should be noted that a reasonable and economical approach for depressurisation is to assume a constant heat flux. Such an assumption provides an order of magnitude estimate as a screening procedure to determine if a more detailed survey is needed. However, in reality, the depressurisation event would cause the temperature of the soil to drop, which impacts the heat transfer from soil to pipeline. This will be discussed on a high level, with reference made to the finite element method adopted by some industry leading software packages. The case studies shown provide an understanding of how forecast conditions during these operations can determine system design margins and increase operational risks in very different ways depending on the installed pipeline environment. The outcome is an increased awareness on the importance of early project phase CO2 transport insights for transport assurance and asset integrity, and an appreciation of current best practice for CO2 pipeline modelling.
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Ibarra, José. "Trans-scalar Architectures for Earth: Rain Check." In 112th ACSA Annual Meeting. ACSA Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.am.112.34.
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Water is a precious and contested resource in Colorado, the seventh driest state in the United States. Throughout its geologic history, this territory has seen innumerable configurations spearheaded mostly by uplifting and erosion. During its human history, the land has also seen several important infrastructural and other changes, especially as they relate to water usage. Responding to these conditions, this pedagogical exercise recontextualized “nature” by designing for and with geological systems. The studio combined models of design-build pedagogy, paired with a continuous focus onmulti-scalar relationships, water-power relations, and speculative thinking. Students developed a prototypical pavilion made to treat water, host a number of plant ecosystems, and engage human publics by educating them about water and interspecies collaborations.Through a combination of surrealist methodologies, environmental simulations, materials assessments, applied design/research work, and reading discussions, the class responded to the pre-existing site and climatic conditions much like asurrealist artist would respond to pre-drawn lines on a page. This allowed us to reimagine forms of authorship for architecture in the Anthropocene, welcoming new agents to the design of our shared planet while engaging the extreme dryness and desertness of our environment. Ultimately, the project aims to render the Colorado water and environmental crises visible through a public space-defining installation that can remediate ecosystems.
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Maruyama, Naoki, Daisuke Tanaka, and Toshiki Shimizu. "A New Re-Fuel System to Process High Water Content Waste to Solid Fuel Using Superheated Steam." In ASME 2008 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2008-60164.
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The increase of waste and the dryness of natural resources including fossil fuels have become serious problems for the sustainable development of industrial activities and our daily living. A great deal of human effort has been put into the careful use of finite resources and environmental impact reduction. The appropriate processing and the effective use of waste are really in demand in light of our social responsibility for manufacturing and energy development. In addition, the construction of a new recycle system for production is also important from the standpoint of the manufacturer’s responsibility. A procedure is being developed to process industrial and municipal wet wastes to solid fuel, called Refuse paper & plastic fuel (RPF), using superheated steam. A drying system using superheated steam is drawing much attention for use with drying high water content materials due to its high thermal efficiency. A material recycle system for processing high water content waste to solid fuel will be introduced in the present study using a demonstration system, and the optimum conditions for the system operation will be examined. The temperature and the quantity of superheated steam required for material drying are evaluated, and the energy consumption and emissions from the system are theoretically estimated and compared. The purpose of this paper is to test-operate a practical waste recycle system, and the results of this new system are compared with the results from a waste incinerator. The effectiveness of a drying system using superheated steam is shown from the standpoint of the reduction of CO2 emissions and energy consumption for the waste processing.
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Ageeva, Polina, Natalya Pochutina, and Nadezhda MISNIKOVA. "Evaluation of narrow-leafed lupin breeding material for drought resistance and fine seed coat in Bryansk region." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production 27 (75). ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2022-27-75-44-51.
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The cultivation of grain legumes is an important reserve for increase of high protein feeds production. The narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L.) is one of the most cultivated species in agriculture. The modern forage varieties are early ripening, tolerate to anthracnose and have high seed protein content and low alkaloid content. The trends in breeding of universal and forage narrow-leafed lupin varieties are drought resistance increase and reduction of seed coat proportion. In early stages of growth and development the estimation of seed ability to grow in sucrose solution under high osmotic pressure is one of the oblique methods for drought resistance determination. These solutions simulate the conditions of physiological soil dryness. Under laboratory conditions 23 narrow-leafed lupin varieties and breeding lines developed in the All-Russian Lupin Research Institute were tested. The variety Vityaz was used as reference; it is listed in the State List of the Russian Federation. The var. Belorozovy 144 and some breeding lines made the first group for high drought resistance level (81–94%). The BL 39-20 has high grain and green mass yield. Eleven varieties and breeding lines included the reference made the second group with the moderate drought resistance level. Lupin has the thick seed coat compared to other legumes; it increases the fiber content and results in digestibility reduction. If the proportion of coat weight and seed weight will be lower, it is possible to hope for the highest nutritive value of grain forage. Among tested varieties and breeding lines the zoned var. Belorozovy 144 has the lowest seed coat content (18.9%). The seed coat content of the breeding lines Uzkolistny 37-12, CmW 62-17 etc. is about 20.5-20.8% among new breeding lines. The breeding line CmW 62-17 stood put for large seeds, this index made 157 g. It overcame the reference by 27 g or by 20.7%.
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Kim, Jaehwan, Zoubeida Ounaies, Sung-Ryul Yun, Yukeun Kang, and Seung-Hun Bae. "Electroactive Paper Materials Coated With Carbon Nanotubes and Conducting Polymers." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-79579.
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Electro-Active Paper (EAPap) materials based on cellulose are attractive for many applications because of their low voltage operation, lightweight, dryness, low power consumption, bio-degradable. The construction of EAPap actuator has been achieved using the cellulose paper film coated with thin electrode layers. This actuator showed a reversible and reproducible bending movement. In order to improve both force and displacement of this, EAPap actuator efforts are made to construct the device using increasing number of complementary conducting polymer layers and carbon nanotubes. A hybrid EAPap actuator is developed using single-wall carbon nanotubes (CNT)/Polyaniline (PANi) electrodes, as a replacement to gold electrodes. It is expected that the use of CNT can enhance the stiffness of the tri-layered actuator, thus improving the force output. Furthermore, the presence of the CNT may increase the actuation performance of the EAPap material. CNT is dispersed in NMP(1-Methyl-2-pyrrolidine), and the resulting solution is used as a solvent for PANi. The CNT/PANi/NMP solution is then cast on the EAPap by spin coating. The coated EAPap is dried in an oven. The effect of processing parameters on the final performance of the CNT/PANi electrodes is assessed. The final performance of the electrodes is quantified in terms of the electrical conductivity under dc and ac measurement conditions. The actuation output of the CNT/PANi/EAPap samples is tested in an environmental chamber in terms of free displacement and blocked force. The performance of the hybrid actuators is also investigated in terms of frequency, voltage, humidity and temperature to help shed light on the mechanism responsible for actuation. Comparison of these results in that of the EAPap with PANi and gold electrodes are also accomplished. EAPap materials are bio-degradable that is important property for artificial muscle actuators for biomimetic with controlled properties and shape.
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Bao, Wenrui, Ce Yang, Li Fu, Changmao Yang, and Lucheng Ji. "Non-Uniform Two-Phase Flow of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide Centrifugal Compressor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2020: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2020-14285.
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Abstract An asymmetric structure of volute in a supercritical carbon dioxide centrifugal compressor induces a non-uniform circumferential distribution of the upstream flow field, which inevitably affects the formation of a two-phase region of carbon dioxide in an impeller. In this work, unsteady simulations for centrifugal compressors were conducted. First, the influence of low static strip induced by low static pressure near volute tongue on the impeller flow field was presented. Then, the non-uniform flow field distribution in the impeller passages and flow characteristics of the passages at the impeller inlet were obtained. Finally, the two-phase regions in the impeller were presented. The results demonstrate that for a centrifugal compressor with volute, the two-phase region appears not only on the suction surface of the leading edge of the blade, but also in some impeller passages, on the pressure surface of the blade near the leading edge, and in the leading edge and mid-chord of tip clearance, under the design conditions. The low static pressure strip induced by the volute leads to a high-speed region in the impeller passages where the temperature and pressure of supercritical carbon dioxide fall below the critical point and carbon dioxide enters the two-phase region. Meanwhile, the static pressure on the blade surface is distorted under the influence of a high-speed region in the passages, resulting in the formation of a two-phase region at the tip clearance. The flow distortion of passages at the impeller inlet results in the appearance of two-phase regions on the both sides of leading edge of the blade. The dryness on the suction side of the blade leading edge and the leading edge of the tip clearance is lower, which indicated that the proportion of liquid-phase carbon dioxide is higher in these two-phase regions.
Reports on the topic "Dryness condition"
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Ghirozi, Isadora Bueloni, Rebeka Bustamante Rocha, Heloi Jose Stefani, Yasmin Luz Lima de Mesquita, Everton Bruno Castanha, and Lais Lopes Almeida Gomes. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab for atopic dermatitis in children and adolescents. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.5.0160.
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Review question / Objective: Is dupilumab effective for treatment of children and adolescentes with moderate to severe atopic dermatitis? Does it improve SCORAD outomes? Does it reduce pruritus? Does it improve quality of life? Does improve sleep quality? Condition being studied: Atopic dermatitis is a common and chronic skin disease characerized by inflammation, pruritus and dryness of the skin. Diminished quality of life, sleeping problems and intense chronic pruritus are among the consequences faced by patients with atopic dermatitis, especially those with moderate to severe presentations of the disease.
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Pradhan, Nawa Raj. Estimating growing-season root zone soil moisture from vegetation index-based evapotranspiration fraction and soil properties in the Northwest Mountain region, USA. Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/42128.
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A soil moisture retrieval method is proposed, in the absence of ground-based auxiliary measurements, by deriving the soil moisture content relationship from the satellite vegetation index-based evapotranspiration fraction and soil moisture physical properties of a soil type. A temperature–vegetation dryness index threshold value is also proposed to identify water bodies and underlying saturated areas. Verification of the retrieved growing season soil moisture was performed by comparative analysis of soil moisture obtained by observed conventional in situ point measurements at the 239-km2 Reynolds Creek Experimental Watershed, Idaho, USA (2006–2009), and at the US Climate Reference Network (USCRN) soil moisture measurement sites in Sundance, Wyoming (2012–2015), and Lewistown, Montana (2014–2015). The proposed method best represented the effective root zone soil moisture condition, at a depth between 50 and 100 cm, with an overall average R2 value of 0.72 and average root mean square error (RMSE) of 0.042.
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Laxmi Prasanna, Porandla, B. Anil kumar, and Macha Sahithi. A STUDY TO EVALUATE THE TEAR FILM CHANGES IN PATIENTS WITH PTERYGIUM. World Wide Journals, February 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.36106/ijar/3408221.
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Introduction: Pterygium is a degenerative condition of the subconjunctival tissues which proliferate as vascularized granulation tissue to invade the cornea, destroying the supercial layers of the stroma and bowmans membrane, the whole being covered by conjunctival epithelium.The tear lm consists of three layers, the most supercial layer of tear lm is lipid layer produced by meibomian glands. The middle layer is the aqueous layer produced by the main lacrimal gland as well as accessory lacrimal glands of Krause and Wolfring. Aqueous layer constitutes over 90% of the tear lm. The layer closest to the cornea is the mucin layer produced by conjunctival goblet cells. Tear function abnormalities have been proposed as an etiologic factor for pterygium due to observation that a pterygium is exacerbated by dryness and dellen formation. Whether tear dysfunction is a precursor to pterygium growth or pterygium causes tear dysfunction is still not clear. The present study was taken up to study the tear lm changes in patients presenting with pterygium. Materials and methods: The present prospective study was conducted at the Department of Ophthalmology, Chalmeda Anand Rao Institute of Medical Sciences from Jan 2021- July 2022. 75 patients satisfying inclusion and exclusion criteria were included in the study. The eye with pterygium was considered as case and the normal eye of the same patient was considered as controls. The data was recorded for 150 eyes. All patients underwent visual acuity assessment, a detailed slit-lamp examination and ophthalmoscopy to rule out adnexal, anterior segment and posterior segment diseases. Patients were evaluated for tear lm changes using Schirmer's test(with anesthesia),Tear lm breakup time and Tear lm meniscus height. The mean age of the study population was 34.7±4.98 years, with 56% of ma Results: les and 44% of females. Pterygium was present in right eye in 73.33% (n=55) cases and 26.66% (n=20) had it in the left eye. All were on the nasal conjunctiva. Schirmer's test was signicantly lower in eyes with pterygium with P value of <0.001. Tear Film Break Up time and Tear Film meniscus height was signicantly lesser in the eyes with pterygium with P=<0.001. From the present study, we ca Conclusion: n suggest that unstable tear lm is found to a greater extent in eyes with pterygium than in eyes without pterygium. Pterygium is one of the most common ocular surface disorders which results in instability of tear lm indices and thus lead to dysfunctional tear lm and development of dry eye.
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Fyfe, Caroline, Arthur Grimes, Shannon Minehan, and Phoebe Taptiklis. Evaluation of the Warmer Kiwis Homes Programme: Full Report including Cost Benefit Analysis. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2022.14.
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We evaluate the heat pump component of New Zealand’s Warmer Kiwi Homes (WKH) programme. The programme includes provision of heat pumps in living areas for eligible households (based on neighbourhood or income) that do not have suitable heating. It also includes installation of retrofitted insulation for houses with insufficient insulation. Staggered installation enables difference-in-difference estimates of impacts. Heat pump outcomes on which we focus include warmth and dryness of the living area, personal comfort and wellbeing, and electricity consumption. We combine the heat pump findings with prior findings related to insulation and heating to provide a set of cost benefit analyses of WKH. We find that household members overwhelmingly report increases in warmth, comfort and satisfaction with their home, and report decreases in condensation, damp and having to restrict heating due to cost. Some increase in life satisfaction is reported. Living areas of treated houses experience increases in temperature which are most pronounced around breakfast and evening times, and when outdoor temperatures are low. Houses also experience reduced humidity. Households that use the heat pump as an air conditioner experience reduced summer temperatures when outdoor temperatures are high. Winter electricity use falls in a house fitted with a heat pump relative to houses without a heat pump; savings are negligible at night and increase through the day, peaking at 5-9pm. No increase in electricity consumption is detected in summer. Benefit cost ratios (BCRs) are calculated using both wellbeing metrics and conventional health and energy components. The wellbeing-based BCR for the heat pump component (which places a high value on living in a warm home) is estimated at 7.49 while the more conventionally calculated (but overly conservative) BCR is 2.15. For the full WKH programme, the corresponding BCRs are calculated as 4.36 and 1.89.
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Fyfe, Caroline, Arthur Grimes, Shannon Minehan, and Phoebe Taptiklis. Evaluation of the Warmer Kiwis Homes Programme: Summary Report including Cost Benefit Analysis. Motu Economic and Public Policy Research, December 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29310/wp.2022.13.
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We evaluate the heat pump component of New Zealand’s Warmer Kiwi Homes (WKH) programme. The programme includes provision of heat pumps in living areas for eligible households (based on neighbourhood or income) that do not have such heating. It also includes installation of retrofitted insulation for houses with insufficient insulation. Staggered installation enables difference-in-difference estimates of impacts. Heat pump outcomes on which we focus include warmth and dryness of the living area, personal comfort and wellbeing, and electricity consumption. We combine the heat pump findings with prior findings related to insulation and heating to provide a set of cost benefit analyses of WKH. We find that household members overwhelmingly report increases in warmth, comfort and satisfaction with their home, and report decreases in condensation, damp and having to restrict heating due to cost. Some increase in life satisfaction is reported. Living areas of treated houses experience increases in temperature which are most pronounced around breakfast and evening times, and when outdoor temperatures are low. Houses also experience reduced humidity. Households that use the heat pump as an air conditioner experience reduced summer temperatures when outdoor temperatures are high. Winter electricity use falls in a house fitted with a heat pump relative to houses without a heat pump; savings are negligible at night and increase through the day, peaking at 5-9pm. No increase in electricity consumption is detected in summer. Benefit cost ratios (BCRs) are calculated using both wellbeing metrics and conventional health and energy components. The wellbeing-based BCR for the heat pump component (which places a high value on living in a warm home) is estimated at 7.49 while the more conventionally calculated (but overly conservative) BCR is 2.15. For the full WKH programme, the corresponding BCRs are calculated as 4.36 and 1.89. Complete details of each element of the evaluation are presented in the Full Report available as Motu Working Paper WP 22-14.
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Lawrence, David, Mike Tercek, Amber Runyon, and Jeneva Wright. Historical and projected climate change for Grand Canyon National Park and surrounding areas. National Park Service, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.36967/2301726.
Full textAbstract:
Globally, anthropogenic climate change is one of the greatest threats to resources in protected areas. This report examines historical and projected climate change across the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape (GGCL), including Grand Canyon National Park. Grand Canyon National Park warmed significantly from 1895-2020 (annual mean increase of 1.89? F/century), with temperatures increasing at a faster rate from 1970-2020 (6.31? F/century). Warming occurred at all elevations and seasons across the GGCL, but rates differed spatially. Average annual total precipitation within Grand Canyon National Park did not change significantly over either period examined (1895-2020; 1970-2020). A variety of changes in the region of Grand Canyon National Park have been detected and attributed, at least in part, to anthropogenic climate change, including reduced soil moisture (and associated drought), reduced Colorado River flow, doubling of the area burned by wildfire across the western United States, reduced regeneration of low-elevation ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir as well as pinyon pine and juniper populations, northward shifts in many bird species distributions and declines of bird species occupancy in the Mojave Desert, and reduced bumble bee species richness and abundance (key pollinators). To help managers understand and plan around a range of plausible future climates, we present two plausible but contrasting climate futures for the Greater Grand Canyon Landscape, characterized at mid-century (2040-2069) and late-century (2070-2099). Examining multiple plausible futures avoids over-optimizing management strategies for a single projected future that may not occur. Overarching patterns that emerged from both climate futures include additional warming (average, as well as extreme temperatures), seasonal increases in extreme precipitation events, fewer freezing days and days with snow, and higher moisture deficit (a correlate with landscape dryness, conditions conducive to fire, and vegetation stress). The selected climate futures differed in terms of 1) the degree of warming, 2) whether winter precipitation increases or decreases, 3) whether annual precipitation increases or stays similar, 4) whether drought conditions increase or decrease, and 5) whether runoff increases or decreases. Runoff is projected to occur earlier under both climate futures and is projected to exhibit a more episodic pattern. Based on a literature review, projected changes to the physical, ecological, and cultural resource domains of the region resulting from anthropogenic climate change include: ? Increasing drought risk and aridification ? Reduced Colorado River flow ? Reduced groundwater infiltration ? Decreasing runoff (from snow or rain) in the spring, summer, and fall, and increasing runoff in the winter ? Increasing occurrence of large fires ? Increasing invasive grasses in the Mojave Desert ecosystems west of the park, providing more fuel for wildfire ? Exacerbated post-fire erosion and sediment in Grand Canyon watersheds ? Increased episodes of drought-induced tree mortality ? Upslope shifts of the elevational zones of pinyon-juniper woodland, ponderosa pine forest, and spruce-fir forest, as well as increases in non-forest areas and aboveground biomass declines ? Reduced abundance of riparian vegetation that tolerates water inundation ? Increasing invasive plant distribution and abundance, favoring their establishment and productivity ? Colonization of the GGCL by some bird species and extirpation of others ? Increasing non-native fish populations relative to native fishes ? Declining butterfly populations ? Increasing temperatures will increase visitation, especially during winter and shoulder seasons ? Exacerbation of existing threats to archeological resources, cultural landscapes, and historic structures, as well as emergent vulnerabilities related to climate change One goal of this work is to support the Resource Stewardship Strategy (RSS) process that Grand Canyon National Park plans to undertake. We anticipate that connecting the climate changes described here to the climate sensitivities of resources within the park will play a critical role in setting goals and strategies during development of the RSS, as well as proactively adapting to anticipated changes.