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Tjelele, Tlou Julius. "Dry matter production, intake and nutritive value of certain Indigofera species." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n], 2006. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04042007-115406.
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Shamudzarira, Zondai. "Water use and dry matter production in sorghum and bambara groundnut." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361997.
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Restrepo, P. Ricardo J. "Dry matter digestibility and VFA production of selected feedstuffs using RUSITEC /." free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1998. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9901273.
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Ahmed, Sabah Kedar. "Yield, dry matter production, and nitrogen uptake of drip irrigated cotton." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/191143.
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The study consisted of two experiments conducted over two growing seasons. Urea ammonium nitrate was used as a source of N at rates of 50, 75, 100 and 150% of levels estimated to be ideal for maximum yield of cotton (Gossvpium hirsutum L.). The nitrogen fertilizer was applied through a drip irrigation system. The yield of seed cotton, flowering pattern, boll set, plant N uptake, and dry matter production were studied in relation to four N fertilizer rates and two plant populations in the 1984 study. Yield of seed cotton, plant N uptake and dry matter production were studied in relation to four N rates, three seeding rates, and three cotton cultivars in the 1985 study. Petiole nitrate patterns were studied both seasons. The effect of N applications on seed cotton yield was dependent upon the initial soil N and the yield possibility. In this study the lower rate of N appeared to be sufficient for the yields obtained. Thinning resulted in reduction of the total number of flowers and significantly decreased yield, but percent boll set was not affected. Nitrogen additions significantly increased plant N uptake and dry matter production as well as petiole NO₃-N levels during the growing season. The N need of cotton under drip irrigation was determined throughout the growing season by using petiole analysis. The levels of petiole NO₃-N for N sufficiency and deficiency which are accepted under furrow irrigation cotton were shown to be applicable for drip irrigated cotton. Yield of DPL-775 and DPL-90 cotton cultivars was significantly higher than that for DPL-41 cotton cultivar in 1985.
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Gonçalves, Francisco Maria da Veiga Teixeira Tello. "Estudo comparativo de leguminosas pratenses anuais." Master's thesis, ISA/UL, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/10937.
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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de AgronomiaThis essay was part of a ProDer project aiming at measuring and appreciating the natural resources. Was carried out by the Instituto Nacional de Investigação Agrária e Veterinária with Fertipadro company as partner. The main goals were the evaluation of five subterranean clover ecotypes (Trifolium subterraneum spp. brachycalycinum), two of pink serradella (Ornithopus sativus), two of yellow serradella (Ornithopus compressus) and one of biserrula (Biserrula pelecinus). Five commercial varieties of subterranean clover and one of pink serradella were sown for comparison with the new ecotypes. Dry matter production, crude protein, crude fiber and dry matter digestibility were evaluated. The results obtained seem to suggest that three of subterranean clover ecotypes and both pink serradella ecotypes present very promising production and qualitative characteristics, for the Mediterranean region
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McBeth, Lucien Reiter. "EFFECTS OF TRANSIENT VARIATION OF SILAGE DRY MATTER CONCENTRATION ON LACTATING DAIRY COWS." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1345489864.
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Soto-Ortiz, Roberto. "Crop Phenology, Dry Matter Production, and Nutrient Uptake and Partitioning in Cantaloupe (Cucumis Melo L.) and Chile (Capsicum Annuum L.)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194813.
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Currently, the information available concerning requirements for optimum crop growth and development, dry matter production, and nutrient uptake and partitioning for Cantaloupes and New Mexico chile type cultivars is limited. Such information is required to predict and identify critical stages of growth in order to develop efficient nutrient management programs for these crops. The goals of this dissertation are: 1) to obtain general irrigated cantaloupe and New Mexico chile plants development models as a function of heat units accumulated after planting (HUAP), and 2) to determine dry matter production and nutrient uptake and partitioning patterns of these crops as a function of HUAP. Four primary investigations are presented in this dissertation. In the first and second studies, plant development models for irrigated cantaloupe and New Mexico chile-type cultivars were obtained. For cantaloupe plants, early bloom occurred at 265 ± 47 HUAP, early fruit set at 381 ± 51 HUAP, early netting at 499 ± 63 HUAP, and physiological maturity at 746 ± 66 HUAP. For chile plants, first bloom occurred at 530 ± 141 HUAP, early bloom at 750 ± 170 HUAP, peak bloom at 1006 ± 145 HUAP, first green chile harvest at 1329 ± 120 HUAP, and red harvest stage at 1798 ± 58 HUAP. Also, these studies revealed that beyond the early netting stage (approximately 499 HUAP), cantaloupe fruits were the strongest sinks for dry matter accumulation. For chile plants, between the first green chile harvest and red chile harvest stages (approximately at 1550 HUAP), chile pods developed into stronger sinks for dry matter accumulation. The third and fourth investigations revealed that the period of maximum nutrient uptake coincides with that of maximum dry matter accumulation for both crops. The overall total nutrient uptake of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, B, Zn, Mn, Fe, and Cu for cantaloupe plants was 138, 21, 213, 132, 29, 28, 0.17, 0.20, 0.13, 2.0, and 0.06 kg ha⁻¹, for chile plants, the overall total nutrient was 216, 20, 292, 117, 56, 28, 0.31, 0.20, 0.31, 1.6 and 0.14 kg ha⁻¹ for these nutrients respectively.
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Ratnaweera, U. "Dry matter production in determinate and indeterminate cultivars of Vicia faba L. under water stress." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.293825.
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Gérardeaux, Edward. "Adjustment of phenology, growth and dry matter production of cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.) facing potassium deficiency." Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR13851/document.
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La déficience en potassium dans les parcelles de cotonnier est un phénomène répandu et en recrudescence. Le problème est d’autant plus marqué en Afrique sub-saharienne que les sols sont pauvres et les systèmes de culture peu intensifs. Les principaux effets de la carence en potassium référencés dans la littérature sont une réduction de la surface foliaire, une réduction de l’assimilation et une modification des règles de répartition des assimilats entre les compartiments de la plante (tiges, racines, fruits et feuilles). Les connaissances à l’échelle cellulaire sur le rôle du potassium sont nombreuses mais paradoxalement peu de modèles permettent l’intégration de ces résultats à l’échelle du plant et du peuplement. La raison provient de la multiplicité des mécanismes affectés et de la complexité à les intégrer à l’échelle du plant ou du peuplement. L’objectif de notre travail est de caractériser les effets de la carence en K sur la croissance et le développement du cotonnier avec suffisamment de variables intermédiaires explicatives pour pouvoir proposer un schéma conceptuel compatible avec les concepts utilisés dans les modèles de croissance de cette plante. Cet objectif implique ainsi de porter nos investigations à plusieurs échelles (peuplement, plante, organes, organites) et sur des variables-clés du fonctionnement physiologiques des plantes utilisées dans la modélisation courante telles que la photosynthèse ou le statut hydrique. Nos recherches nous ont aussi amené à mesurer d’autres variables non inclues dans les modèles courant, afin d’affiner notre compréhension du fonctionnement des plantes carencées (teneurs en sucres, vitesses de carboxylation, ouvertures stomatiques …). Pour satisfaire à ces objectifs, deux types complémentaires d’expérimentations ont été menés : 1) des essais en pleins champs, en condition pluviale strictes ont été conduits au Bénin, deux années de suite, sur deux sites différents : à Aplahoué en 2004 et à Savalou en 2005. Il s’agit d’essais comparant différents niveaux de fertilisation en potassium. L’objectif de ces essais était d’étudier les effets de la carence à l’échelle du peuplement. 2) Par la suite, une expérimentation en serre et en hydroponie a été conduite (Bordeaux, 2006) dans l’objectif d’analyser finement les processus affectés à l’échelle du plant et de l’organe. Les essais en peuplement comme l’essai en serre ont permis d’obtenir des gammes de teneur en potassium variées, grâce à des niveaux d’alimentation variés (3 niveaux au champ, 4 en serre). Les teneurs planchers des plantes les plus carencées se situaient aux alentours de 8 à 10 mg Kg-1, ce qui contraste avec les teneurs maximum mesurées qui avoisinaient les 30 mg g-1. L’indice foliaire des traitements carencés des essais en peuplement est inférieur aux témoins en raison d’un moins grand nombre de feuilles et d’une taille individuelle réduite. Dans les essais en serre, une importante réduction de la surface foliaire est aussi observée mais la part de la réduction de la surface individuelle dans la réduction de la surface totale est plus prononcée. L’analyse des dynamiques de croissance des surfaces foliaires montre que l’accroissement relatif des feuilles est identique quel que soit les niveaux de carence mais que la taille des organes à l’émergence est plus petite pour les plants carencés. En revanche, les entrenœuds des plants carencés ont à la fois une taille réduite à l’émergence et une croissance relative plus faible. A l’échelle du peuplement aucune différence d’efficience de conversion de la lumière n’est observée en conséquence, les réductions de biomasse sèche observée sont entièrement dues à une diminution de l’efficience d’interception du rayonnement. En revanche, l’efficience de conversion du rayonnement interceptée de l’essai en serre est affectée par la carence en K mais uniquement pour le traitement le plus carencéPotassium deficiency is a common phenomenon in cotton parcels. This problem is quite important in sub-Saharan Africa, where soils are poor and cropping systems are very low intensive. The main effects of potassium deficiency referenced in scientific literature are: (a) a reduction in leaf area, (b) a decrease in nutrient assimilation, and (c) a modification of nutrient repartition amongst compartments (i.e. stems roots, fruits, and leaves). Even though knowledge at the cellular level on the role of potassium is wide, ironically, only but a few models integrate results at the plant or stand levels. The reason comes from the multiplicity of mechanisms used and the complexity of integrating them throughout the plant or stand. The objective of our work is to characterize the effects of K-deficiency on the growth and development of cotton plants by including sufficient intermediate explanatory variables to provide a comparable scheme with the concepts used in growth models for this plant. This objective implies that our research focuses on different scales (i.e. stand, plant, organ, cell) and on physiological variables used in current models such as photosynthesis or water status. Our research had also led us to measure other variables not included in current models, to refine our understanding of the mechanisms of how deficient plants grows (i.e. sugar rates, carboxylation speed, stomata opening…). To meet these objectives, two complementary types of experiments were conducted: (i) field trials were performed in Benin on two different sites, Aplahoué in 2004 and Savalou in 2005, with strict rainfall conditions to compare different levels of potassium-fertilization and describe the effects of K-deficiency at the stand level. (ii) and a greenhouse hydroponic experiment was done in Bordeaux, France in 2006 to analyze the processes used throughout the plant and the organ. The field and the greenhouse tests had different levels of potassium fertilisation (2 to 3 levels in the field, 4 in the greenhouse) and gave us wide ranges of potassium contents in leaves. The minimum value of the leaf K content for the deficient plants were around 8 to 10 mg kg-1, which contrasts with the maximum values measured that were around 30 mg g-1. Potassium levels for the most deficient plants were around 8 to 10 mg Kg-1, while the highest levels measured were 30 g Kg-1. The leaf area index of deficient treatments is inferior to that of controls due to a lower number of leaves and smaller leaf sizes. In the greenhouse test, an important decrease of leaf area is observed but the proportion of the reduction due to a reduction in individual leaf size is more pronounced than in the filed experiments. The temporal analysis of the leaf area growth shows that the relative increase in size of the individual leaves is the same whatever the level of K-deficiency but that the size of the organs at emergence from apical buds is smaller for K-deficient plants. In counterpart, internodes of K-deficient plants have smaller lenght at emergence and a decreased relative growth rate. At stand level, no difference of light conversion efficiency is observed. As a result, observed reductions of dry biomass are essentially due to a decrease in light interception. However, radiation use efficiency in greenhouse tests are affected by K-deficiency but only for the most K-deficient treatment. Measures on gas exchanges made in greenhouse experiment also shows that photosynthesis is affected only for the most K-deficient treatments. This reduction is due to two concomitant effects: poor stomatal opening and a reduction in the maximum velocity of carboxylation. The relative distribution in biomass for all the tests is modified by the potassium-deficiency, benefiting leaves at the expense of the heterotrophic organs. This effect is observed at the plant level through an increase in the specific leaf weight and a relative decrease in stem and root biomass
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Kawasaki, Yohei. "Elucidation of High Yielding Soybean Characteristics through Comparison of Biomass Production Dynamics between Japanese and US Cultivars." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215606.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(農学)
甲第19780号
農博第2176号
新制||農||1041(附属図書館)
学位論文||H28||N4996(農学部図書室)
32816
京都大学大学院農学研究科農学専攻
(主査)教授 白岩 立彦, 教授 奥本 裕, 教授 稲村 達也
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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Ramoroka, Mokgadi Mizen. "Grain yield, gravimetric moisture content, dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll production in maize-legume intercrop under minimum and conventional tillage systems." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/639.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo, 2008Maize is a dominant crop in smallholder farming systems in the Limpopo province of South Africa, generally cultivated as intercrop with grain legumes. The major constraint in this cropping system is inadequate soil moisture during the growing season, which also limits nutrient availability to the component crops. The minimum tillage system has been reported to improve soil moisture availability on farmers’ fields but this has not yet been verified in an intercropping system in the province. The objective of this study was to quantify grain yield and chlorophyll production of intercropped maize, and to assess seasonal moisture availability under minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. Dryland field experiments were conducted at two locations in the province namely, farmer’s field at Dalmada in 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 growing seasons and at the University of Limpopo Experimental farm at Syferkuil during the 2003/2004. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split plot arrangement at all locations and seasons. Tillage systems consisting of conventional tillage and minimum tillage were the main plot treatments, whereas five different cropping systems namely, sole maize, and maize intercrop with cowpea (variety, Bechuana White), cowpea (variety, Agripers), Lablab bean (variety, Rongai) and Velvet bean were assigned as sub-plot treatments. Maize grain yield in 2002/2003 at Dalmada was significantly lower (357 kg/ha) under CT relative to 755kg/ha under MT. In 2003/2004 at Dalmada, grain yields under the two systems were similar, where as at Syferkuil, 15% higher grain yield results was obtained under MT. Minimum tillage systems resulted in higher number of maize cobs per plant at Dalmada in both growing seasons and weight per cob was higher under MT at both locations and seasons. At Dalmada, significantly higher soil moisture was recorded under the MT relative to the CT depending on depth and sampling dates. Chlorophyll content of the youngest fully expanded leaves of maize was generally higher under MT than CT, but this was observed only at the later stages of plant growth. The results also showed that the rate of senescence (reduced chlorophyll content in older leaves) was higher in maize plants grown under CT relative to those under MT. The minimum tillage system has shown the potential of being a superior system for dryland maize production, but further research involving additional locations is required to ascertain this fact.
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Lezzer, Paolo <1980>. "Architectural development and dry matter production in a multisite trial on single and multiaxis apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) grafted on different rootstocks." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3969/1/lezzer_paolo_tesi.pdf.
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In two Italian sites, multiaxis trees slightly reduced primary axis length and secondary axis length of newly grafted trees, and increased the number of secondary shoots. The total length, node production, and total dry matter gain were proportional to the number of axis. Growth of both primary and secondary shoots, and dry matter accumulation, have been found to be also well related to rootstock vigour.
A great variability in axillary shoot production was recorded among different environments.
Grafted trees had higher primary growth, secondary axis growth, and dry matter gain than chip budded trees.
Stem water potential measured in the second year after grafting was not affected by rootstocks or number of leaders.
Measurements performed in New Zealand (Hawke’s Bay) during the second year after grafting revealed that both final length and growth rate of primary and secondary axis were related to the rootstock rather than to the training system.
Dwarfing rootstocks reduced the number of long vegetative shoots and increased the proportion of less vigorous shoots.
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Lezzer, Paolo <1980>. "Architectural development and dry matter production in a multisite trial on single and multiaxis apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh) grafted on different rootstocks." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2011. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/3969/.
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In two Italian sites, multiaxis trees slightly reduced primary axis length and secondary axis length of newly grafted trees, and increased the number of secondary shoots. The total length, node production, and total dry matter gain were proportional to the number of axis. Growth of both primary and secondary shoots, and dry matter accumulation, have been found to be also well related to rootstock vigour.
A great variability in axillary shoot production was recorded among different environments.
Grafted trees had higher primary growth, secondary axis growth, and dry matter gain than chip budded trees.
Stem water potential measured in the second year after grafting was not affected by rootstocks or number of leaders.
Measurements performed in New Zealand (Hawke’s Bay) during the second year after grafting revealed that both final length and growth rate of primary and secondary axis were related to the rootstock rather than to the training system.
Dwarfing rootstocks reduced the number of long vegetative shoots and increased the proportion of less vigorous shoots.
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Gómez, Oscar. "Evaluation of Nicaraguan common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a476.pdf.
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Kabine, Ezekiel Simon. "Evaluation of different temperature winter fodder species (Festulolium hybrids, dactylis species, lolium hybrids) and grass-legume mixtures in the warmer summer rainfall areas of South Africa." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/1808.
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Thesis (MSc. (Pasture Science)) -- University of Limpopo, 2016South Africa is regarded as a semi-arid area; only 28% of the country receives more than 600 mm rainfall recorded annually. Sustainable utilization of cool season fodder grasses in summer rainfall areas to produce winter animal feed remains a major problem. Farmers are affected by a shortage of adequate, good quality herbage for livestock during winter and dry periods on commercial farms. The study aimed to evaluate and compare the production potential of six Festulolium hybrids, three Dactylis species, and five Lolium hybrids and three grass-legume mixtures in the summer rainfall area. A total of 17 cultivars were evaluated for their DM production under the treatment of different fertilizer levels on three planting dates (16 March 2011, 21 April 2011 and 4 April 2012). The study was carried out at Hygrotech Seed Company (Experimental site), Dewagensdrift in Moloto Village outside Pretoria in the Gauteng Province. Data was collected on a monthly basis from sub-plots of 1 m x 1 m (m2) in 51 plots of 1.5 m x 6 m (9 m2), with nine rows that were 10 cm apart arranged under RCBD with three replicates per cultivar. Harvested fresh samples were taken, weighed, dried at 60ºC until they reached a constant dry weight and weighed to determine DM content. A Fischer’s protected LSD at the 5 % level was performed to compare the treatment means. Over a period of three years of study, it shows that the low fertilizer level resulted in the lowest DM production, with no significant difference occurring between medium and high fertilizer levels. To achieve optimum DM production with minimum cost medium fertilizer is recommended. The cultivars responded differently to the three different planting dates. The time of planting had an effect on DM production in winter. It is recommended that Festulolium hybrids and Lolium hybrids be planted earlier (March) for better DM production in winter.
National Research Foundation (NRF)
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Janani, Jamile Kassem [UNESP]. "Análise de crescimento e trocas gasosas de erva-cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson) cultivada em solução nutritiva." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93491.
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A Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson é uma importante espécie medicinal de uso popular conhecida como erva cidreira brasileira. Trata-se de um arbusto, cujas folhas frescas ou secas e inflorescências são utilizadas na forma de chás, macerados, compressas, pomadas, banhos e extratos alcoólicos. Suas folhas apresentam ação antiespasmódica, moluscicida, fungicida, calmante e digestiva. Considerando, a) a inexistência de estudos sobre a L. alba em hidroponia b) a utilização de solução nutritiva para atender as necessidades da espécie, fornecendo nutrientes de maneira balanceada e possibilitando a produção de plantas com adequada qualidade e em menor espaço de tempo, c) a necessidade de produção de matéria prima para uso medicinal popular e farmacêutico, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento e as trocas gasosas de L. alba submetida à variação das concentrações dos nutrientes a partir da diluição da solução nutritiva de Hoagland e Arnon (1950). Assim, as plantas foram cultivadas em quatro tratamentos, constituídos pela variação de nutrientes na solução nutritiva n°2 de Hoagland e Arnon (1950), ou seja, em solução completa (100%) e diluída à 80%, 60% e 40% em relação à completa. As variáveis avaliadas foram área foliar, massas secas dos diferentes órgãos, razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE), razão de massa foliar (RMF), taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de assimilação de CO2 (A, mmolCO2 m-2 s-1), condutância estomática (gs, mol m-2s-1), transpiração (E, mmol H2O m-2 s-1), concentração intercelular de CO2 na folha (Ci, mmolCO2 mol-1ar) e eficiência de uso da água (EUA). Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que: 1. As concentrações dos nutrientes na solução nutritiva, de maneira geral, foram excessivas para...
Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson is a native species popular known as “erva-cidreira brasileira”. It is a shrub who’s fresh or dried leaves and flowers are used as teas, macerated, bandages, ointments, baths and alcoholic extracts. Its leaves have an antispasmodic, molluscicidal, fungicidal, sedative and digestive. Considering a) the lack of studies about L. alba in hydroponic cultivation b) the use of nutrient solution to meet the needs of the species, providing nutrients in a balanced manner and enabling the production of plants with adequate quality and in shortest time, c) the need for production of raw materials for folk medical and pharmacist, the present study evaluate the development and gas exchange of L. alba subjected to varying concentrations of nutrients from the dilution of Hoagland and Arnon (1950). Thus, plants were grown in four treatments, consisting by variation of nutrients in the nutrient solution No 2 of Hoagland and Arnon (1950), full solution (100%), diluted to 80%, 60% and 40% compared to the full. Variables evaluated were leaf area, dry masses of different organs, leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass ratio (LMR), absolute growth rate (AGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), rate relative growth (RGR), rate of CO2 assimilation (A, molCO2 m m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (gs, mol m-2s-1), transpiration (E, mmol H2O m-2 s -1), intercellular CO2 concentration in the leaf (Ci, molCO2 m mol-1AR) and efficiency of water use (USA). The results showed that: 1. The concentrations of nutrients in the nutrient solution, in general, were excessive for the development and gas exchange of Lippia alba, 2. The cultivation of the species with a dilute solution of 80% resulted in higher total dry matter in the shortest time possible, which, however, was highest among the various treatments, 3. Diluted solutions at 60 and 40% ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Ramella, João Ricardo Pompermaier. "Produtividade de grãos, forragem e composição bromatológica do trigo de duplo propósito cv. BRS Tarumã sob manejos de corte e adubação nitrogenada." Universidade Estadual do Oeste do Paraná, 2012. http://tede.unioeste.br:8080/tede/handle/tede/1238.
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In the constant quest for sustainability of agriculture production systems, many studies are conducted with the objective of seeking alternatives to the problems generated by the use indiscriminate production systems. To present work aimed to study the effect on grain yield and forage in dual-purpose wheat cv BRS Tarumã under different managements related to nitrogen and number of cuts. The experiment was conducted in two trials during the period March 2011 to January 2012 red Eutrophyc Latossol area located at the experimental farm of Prof Dr. Antônio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa, city of Marechal Cândido Rondon - PR. The trial was conducted in a randomized block design with 12 treatments obtained by combinations of the numbers of cuts and increasing doses of nitrogen in four replications. We studied the yield and yield components, as well as forage productivity and its chemical composition, noting that for all variables significant interaction of doses of nitrogen and the number of cuts. The grain yield and yield components were responsive to the levels of nitrogen topdressing, as well as forage production and quality
Na constante busca pela sustentabilidade dos sistemas produtivos agropecuários, diversas pesquisas são realizadas com o objetivo de buscar alternativas aos problemas gerados pelo uso indiscriminado dos sistemas de produção. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar os efeitos na produtividade de grãos e forragem em trigo de duplo propósito cv. BRS Tarumã sob diferentes manejos de cortes e adubação nitrogenada. O experimento foi conduzido durante o período de março de 2011 à janeiro de 2012 em área de Latossolo Vermelho Eutrófico localizada na fazenda experimental Prof. Dr. Antônio Carlos dos Santos Pessoa, cidade de Marechal Cândido Rondon PR. O ensaio foi conduzido sob delineamento de blocos ao acaso com 12 tratamentos obtidos pelas combinações do números de cortes e doses crescentes de nitrogênio em cobertura em quatro repetições. Foram estudadas a produtividade de grãos e seus componentes de rendimento, assim como a produtividade de forragem e sua composição bromatológica, observando que para todas as variáveis houve efeito da interação das doses de nitrogênio em cobertura e do número de cortes. A produtividade de grãos e seus componentes de rendimento foram responsivos aos níveis de adubação nitrogenada em cobertura, assim como a produção de forragem e sua qualidade
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Lupatini, Gelci Carlos 1968. "Produção, características morfológicas e valor nutritivo de cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha submetidas a duas alturas de resíduo /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104137.
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Resumo: O experimento foi conduzido na UNESP - Campus de Botucatu, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso num arranjo fatorial com três cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu, Xaraés e BRS Piatã) e duas alturas de resíduo (15 e 25 cm), no total de seis tratamentos com quatro repetições (parcelas de 20 m2). O período de avaliação foi de um ano (01/12/2007 a 10/12/2008), com a realização de oito cortes, sendo três na primavera, três no verão, um no outono e um no inverno. A produção de massa seca (MS) da Xaraés foi maior no verão e na primavera em relação à Marandu. No somatório do ano a produtividade de MS da Xaraés foi 27,07% superior à Marandu, alcançando valor elevado (20.023 kg/ha), o que demonstra o potencial de utilização deste genótipo, principalmente em sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte mais intensivos. A produção de MS da Piatã nas estações do ano foi semelhante à Marandu, totalizando 17.572 e 15.757 kg/ha, respectivamente. Os dados de produção indicam que a Piatã apresentou a melhor distribuição da forragem produzida ao longo do ano. A produção de forragem das cultivares foi maior na altura do resíduo de 15 cm no verão e inverno, e não diferiu nas alturas de manejo no outono e primavera, demonstrando exigências diferentes de manejo do capim ao longo do ano. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a recomendação e a importância da cultivar Piatã como alternativa de utilização e diversificação das pastagens nos sistemas produtivos.Abstract: The experiment was conducted in the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of UNESP - Botucatu Campus. The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement with three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu, Xaraés and BRS Piatã) and two stubble heights (15 and 25 cm), in the total six treatments with four replications (20 m² plots). The evaluation period was of one year (12/01/2007 to 12/10/2008) with eight cuts: three in the spring, three in the summer, one in the fall and one in the winter. The production of dry matter (DM) of Xaraés in summer and spring were higher than Marandu with a total of 27.07% higher DM than Marandu. The total DM production was 20,023 kg/ha, demonstrating the potential of use of the Xaraés cultivar, especially in more intensive systems of beef cattle production. DM production of Piatã in the seasons was similar to Marandu, totalizing 17,572 and 15,757 kg/ha, respectively. The production data indicate that Piatã cultivar had the best distribution of forage produced during the year. The forage production of cultivars was higher in the stubble height of 15 cm in summer and winter, and did not differ for two heights of management in the fall and spring, showing different requirements of grass management during the year. The results confirm the recommendation and the importance of Piatã cultivar as an alternative of use and diversification of pastures in the production systems.
Orientador: Ciniro Costa
Coorientador: Paulo Roberto de Lima Meirelles
Banca: Heraldo César Gonçalves
Banca: Roberto Antonio Rodella
Banca: Cacilda Borges do Valle
Banca: Valdo Rodrigues Hering
Doutor
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Billman, Ryan. "Evaluation of Harvesting, Densification, and Storage Practices of Corn Stover for Bioenergy Feedstock Production." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417625803.
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De, Costa W. A. J. M. "Effects of contrasting water regimes on dry matter production, radiation and water use and stomatal conductance of determinate and indeterminate faba beans (Vicia faba L.)." Thesis, University of Reading, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.314724.
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Lupatini, Gelci Carlos [UNESP]. "Produção, características morfológicas e valor nutritivo de cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha submetidas a duas alturas de resíduo." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/104137.
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lupatini_gc_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 341308 bytes, checksum: df486ae1605629080494d4b067f0a6e2 (MD5)Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O experimento foi conduzido na UNESP – Campus de Botucatu, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos ao acaso num arranjo fatorial com três cultivares de Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu, Xaraés e BRS Piatã) e duas alturas de resíduo (15 e 25 cm), no total de seis tratamentos com quatro repetições (parcelas de 20 m2). O período de avaliação foi de um ano (01/12/2007 a 10/12/2008), com a realização de oito cortes, sendo três na primavera, três no verão, um no outono e um no inverno. A produção de massa seca (MS) da Xaraés foi maior no verão e na primavera em relação à Marandu. No somatório do ano a produtividade de MS da Xaraés foi 27,07% superior à Marandu, alcançando valor elevado (20.023 kg/ha), o que demonstra o potencial de utilização deste genótipo, principalmente em sistemas de produção de bovinos de corte mais intensivos. A produção de MS da Piatã nas estações do ano foi semelhante à Marandu, totalizando 17.572 e 15.757 kg/ha, respectivamente. Os dados de produção indicam que a Piatã apresentou a melhor distribuição da forragem produzida ao longo do ano. A produção de forragem das cultivares foi maior na altura do resíduo de 15 cm no verão e inverno, e não diferiu nas alturas de manejo no outono e primavera, demonstrando exigências diferentes de manejo do capim ao longo do ano. Os resultados obtidos confirmam a recomendação e a importância da cultivar Piatã como alternativa de utilização e diversificação das pastagens nos sistemas produtivos.
The experiment was conducted in the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science of UNESP - Botucatu Campus. The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks in a factorial arrangement with three cultivars of Brachiaria brizantha (Marandu, Xaraés and BRS Piatã) and two stubble heights (15 and 25 cm), in the total six treatments with four replications (20 m² plots). The evaluation period was of one year (12/01/2007 to 12/10/2008) with eight cuts: three in the spring, three in the summer, one in the fall and one in the winter. The production of dry matter (DM) of Xaraés in summer and spring were higher than Marandu with a total of 27.07% higher DM than Marandu. The total DM production was 20,023 kg/ha, demonstrating the potential of use of the Xaraés cultivar, especially in more intensive systems of beef cattle production. DM production of Piatã in the seasons was similar to Marandu, totalizing 17,572 and 15,757 kg/ha, respectively. The production data indicate that Piatã cultivar had the best distribution of forage produced during the year. The forage production of cultivars was higher in the stubble height of 15 cm in summer and winter, and did not differ for two heights of management in the fall and spring, showing different requirements of grass management during the year. The results confirm the recommendation and the importance of Piatã cultivar as an alternative of use and diversification of pastures in the production systems.
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Janani, Jamile Kassem 1984. "Análise de crescimento e trocas gasosas de erva-cidreira (Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson) cultivada em solução nutritiva /." Botucatu : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/93491.
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Orientador: Carmen Sílvia Fernandes BoaroBanca: João Domingos Rodrigues
Banca: Conceição Aparecida Cossa
Resumo: A Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson é uma importante espécie medicinal de uso popular conhecida como erva cidreira brasileira. Trata-se de um arbusto, cujas folhas frescas ou secas e inflorescências são utilizadas na forma de chás, macerados, compressas, pomadas, banhos e extratos alcoólicos. Suas folhas apresentam ação antiespasmódica, moluscicida, fungicida, calmante e digestiva. Considerando, a) a inexistência de estudos sobre a L. alba em hidroponia b) a utilização de solução nutritiva para atender as necessidades da espécie, fornecendo nutrientes de maneira balanceada e possibilitando a produção de plantas com adequada qualidade e em menor espaço de tempo, c) a necessidade de produção de matéria prima para uso medicinal popular e farmacêutico, o presente estudo objetivou avaliar o desenvolvimento e as trocas gasosas de L. alba submetida à variação das concentrações dos nutrientes a partir da diluição da solução nutritiva de Hoagland e Arnon (1950). Assim, as plantas foram cultivadas em quatro tratamentos, constituídos pela variação de nutrientes na solução nutritiva n°2 de Hoagland e Arnon (1950), ou seja, em solução completa (100%) e diluída à 80%, 60% e 40% em relação à completa. As variáveis avaliadas foram área foliar, massas secas dos diferentes órgãos, razão de área foliar (RAF), área foliar específica (AFE), razão de massa foliar (RMF), taxa de crescimento absoluto (TCA), taxa assimilatória líquida (TAL), taxa de crescimento relativo (TCR), taxa de assimilação de CO2 (A, mmolCO2 m-2 s-1), condutância estomática (gs, mol m-2s-1), transpiração (E, mmol H2O m-2 s-1), concentração intercelular de CO2 na folha (Ci, mmolCO2 mol-1ar) e eficiência de uso da água (EUA). Os resultados obtidos permitem concluir que: 1. As concentrações dos nutrientes na solução nutritiva, de maneira geral, foram excessivas para... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Lippia alba (Mill.) N.E.Br. ex Britt & Wilson is a native species popular known as "erva-cidreira brasileira". It is a shrub who's fresh or dried leaves and flowers are used as teas, macerated, bandages, ointments, baths and alcoholic extracts. Its leaves have an antispasmodic, molluscicidal, fungicidal, sedative and digestive. Considering a) the lack of studies about L. alba in hydroponic cultivation b) the use of nutrient solution to meet the needs of the species, providing nutrients in a balanced manner and enabling the production of plants with adequate quality and in shortest time, c) the need for production of raw materials for folk medical and pharmacist, the present study evaluate the development and gas exchange of L. alba subjected to varying concentrations of nutrients from the dilution of Hoagland and Arnon (1950). Thus, plants were grown in four treatments, consisting by variation of nutrients in the nutrient solution No 2 of Hoagland and Arnon (1950), full solution (100%), diluted to 80%, 60% and 40% compared to the full. Variables evaluated were leaf area, dry masses of different organs, leaf area ratio (LAR), specific leaf area (SLA), leaf mass ratio (LMR), absolute growth rate (AGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), rate relative growth (RGR), rate of CO2 assimilation (A, molCO2 m m-2 s-1), stomatal conductance (gs, mol m-2s-1), transpiration (E, mmol H2O m-2 s -1), intercellular CO2 concentration in the leaf (Ci, molCO2 m mol-1AR) and efficiency of water use (USA). The results showed that: 1. The concentrations of nutrients in the nutrient solution, in general, were excessive for the development and gas exchange of Lippia alba, 2. The cultivation of the species with a dilute solution of 80% resulted in higher total dry matter in the shortest time possible, which, however, was highest among the various treatments, 3. Diluted solutions at 60 and 40% ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Mestre
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Borghi, Emerson [UNESP]. "Produção de milho e capins Marandu e Mombaça em função de modos de implantação do consórcio." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99985.
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borghi_e_dr_botfca.pdf: 848383 bytes, checksum: 44d5e9fbafc7f7b8fefd5bb90ee2d35a (MD5)Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo: 1) avaliar a produtividade de grãos da cultura de milho em épocas de consorciação com Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça em SPD; 2) avaliar o desempenho das plantas forrageiras consorciadas em épocas e a resposta à adubação nitrogenada aplicada após a colheita do milho, quanto à produtividade e valor nutritivo; 3) verificar, na B. brizantha, o acúmulo de nitrogênio total e proveniente do fertilizante nitrato de amônio (NPPF) com doses de nitrato de amônio (15NH4NO3) aplicado em cobertura nas plantas forrageiras após a colheita da cultura do milho; 4) avaliar o residual da adubação nitrogenada nas plantas forrageiras na cultura do milho cultivado em sucessão; 5)avaliar o aproveitamento do nitrogênio (15N), aplicado em cobertura na B. brizantha, pela cultura sucedânea do milho. Para atingir tais propósitos, foram conduzidos três estudos simultaneamente, conduzidos em condições de campo durante os anos agrícolas de 2003/04, 2004/05 e 2005/06 na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas – Campus de Botucatu, em NITOSSOLO VERMELHO Estruturado, cultivado em SPD. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No estudo I, os tratamentos foram: 1) cultivo do milho solteiro; 2) milho com Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu consorciada na semeadura; 3) milho com Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu consorciada na adubação de cobertura; 4) milho com Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça consorciado na semeadura; 5) milho com Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça consorciado na adubação de cobertura. No segundo e terceiro anos de condução do experimento (anos agrícolas 2004/05 e 2005/06), após a colheita da cultura do milho, foi aplicado nitrato de amônio em cobertura nas quantidades equivalentes a 0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1 de N...
The present work aimed to: 1) evaluate corn grain yield under different intercropping epochs with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça under no-tillage system; 2) evaluate the performance of the forages intercropped and the answer of these crops to nitrogen rates applied after corn harvest, considering the productivity and nutritional value; 3) verify, in B. brizantha, the total nitrogen accumulation and the nitrogen accumulated from the fertilizer ammonium nitrate (NPPF) under different ammonium nitrate rates (15NH4NO3) applied in the forages as cover crop after corn harvest; 4) evaluate the nitrogen profit (15N), applied as cover crop in B. brizantha, by corn cultivated in succession. To reach the proposed objectives, it was carried on three simultaneous studies, carriers on at field conditions, during the cropping years of 2003/04, 2004/05 and 2005/06 at Lageado Experimental Farm, College of Agricultural Sciences, in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in a structured Oxisol cultivated under no-tillage system. The experimental design was in blocks completely randomized, with four replicates. In the experiment I, the treatments were: 1) corn cultivated alone; 2) corn with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu as consortium seeded at corn seeding; 3) corn with B. brizantha cv. Marandu as consortium seeded at corn cover fertilization; 4) corn with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça as consortium seeded at corn seeding; 5) corn with P. maximum cv. Mombaça as consortium seeded at corn cover fertilization. In the second and third experimental years (2004/05 and 2005/06), after corn grain harvest, it was applied cover rates of ammonium nitrate, equivalent to 0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1 of N. Only under B. brizantha were allocated micro parcels in which it was applied enriched ammonium nitrate (15NH4NO3), to evaluate the N recovery by Brachiaria ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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SILVA, Sharriyton Harysson Barbosa da. "Avaliação de clones de Pennisetum purpureum Schum. de porte baixo, na Zona da Mata de Pernambuco." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/6910.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station of Itambé, from the Pernambuco Agricultural Research Enterprise (IPA), aiming to evaluate different morphologic descriptors and the chemical composition of different dwarf clones of Pennisetum sp. as well as to estimate the heritability of several characters. Nine clones of dwarf elephant-grass were used (Taiwan A.146 - 2.14, Taiwan A.146 - 2.27, Taiwan A.146 - 2.37, Taiwan A.146 - 2.114, Merker México - 6.2, Merker México - 6.5, Merker México - 6.31, cv. Mott, CNPGL92F198.7). The experimental area was established in the beginning of April/2005. It was used vegetative propagation, using stem fractions. The experimental design used was randomized blocks with three replications. It was performed a manual staging cut at 10 cm from ground level, in May of 2005, followed by five cuts with 60 dayintervals at 10 cm from ground level. The morphologic descriptors were applied after 60 days of the staging cut. At the harvest time, the clones were characterized morphologically, and two types of estimates were used: grading scale through visual observations(descriptors) and direct measures (direct in the plant). An indirect measurement of character desirability was also performed. For the study of the chemical composition, it was utilized the clones that survived from the morphologic evaluations. All clones presented semi-erectleaves, with grading average of 3,73, except for the clone Taiwan A.146 - 2.37 that presented tendency to have more erect leaves. Regarding the intensity of basal tillering, the clones Merker México - 6.2, Merker México - 6.5, and Taiwan A.146 - 2.14 presented the smallest grades (3.93, 3.93, and 4.40, respectively). The intensity of axial tillering was absent in the clone Merker México - 6.2 with grade 1.93, medium for the clone Taiwan A.146 - 2.37 which received grade 5.66, and low for the remaining clones. In a general way, average intensity of total tillering was observed among the clones, indicating that the materials may be used in forage banks as well as under grazing. The tallest plants were the ones that presented larger desirability, therefore, this characteristic should be considered in the selection. The heritability estimate was high for all the appraised characters in dwarf elephant-grass. For DM production, leaf/stem ratio, and the concentration of DM, NDF, andNFC, no differences were observed (P <0.05) among the clones. For leaf CP, the clone Mott(14.1%) was superior to the clone Taiwan A. 146-2.114 (12.0%), but did not differ from other clones. The concentration of TCH and NFC didn't differ (P>0.05) for leaf of dwarf elephant-grass clones under cut at 60 days of regrowth, presenting averages of 74.4 % and 14.8 % for TCH and NFC, respectively. For stem CP, the clone Mott (12.3 %) was superior than clone Taiwan A.146 - 2.27 (9.0 %) and didn't differ from the others. For ADF, the clone Taiwan A.146 - 2.37 (42.0 %) was superior to the clone Mott, not differing from the others. The clones Taiwan A.146 - 2.37, originated from the IPA/UFRPE breeding program, was similar to the Mott cultivar. Heritability values showed genetic variability among clones at 60 days of regrowth. Some morphologic descriptors applied allowed to characterize theevaluated genotypes. The clones Taiwan A. 146-2.27, Taiwan A. 146-2.37, Taiwan A. 146- 2.114, and Merker Mexico 6.31 were taller, showed greater total tillering intensity, and were more desirable. As a results, these clones have greater potential for use under cut.
O experimento foi realizado na Estação Experimental de Itambé-PE, pertencente a Empresa Pernambucana de Pesquisa Agropecuária (IPA), objetivando avaliar diferentes descritores morfológicos, a produtividade e a composição química de clones de Pennisetum sp. de porte baixo sob competição, bem como estimar herdabilidade de caracteres. Foram utilizados nove clones de Pennisetum sp. de porte baixo (Taiwan A.146 – 2.14, Taiwan A.146 – 2.27, Taiwan A.146 – 2.37, Taiwan A.146 – 2.114, Merker México – 6.2, Merker México – 6.5, Merker México – 6.31, cv. Mott, CNPGL92F198.7). A área experimental foi implantada no início do mês de abril/2005, utilizando-se colmos fracionados. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados com três repetições. Foi realizado corte manual de uniformização em maio de 2005, seguidos de cinco cortes com intervalos de 60 dias de crescimento a 10 cm do nível do solo. Os descritores morfológicosforam aplicados após 60 dias do corte de uniformização. Por ocasião das colheitas, os clones foram caracterizados morfologicamente, onde dois tipos de estimativas foram utilizadas: notas, por meio de observações visuais (descritores) e medidas diretas na planta, também foram determinados de forma indireta na planta o caráter desejabilidade (DES). Para a avaliação da composição química, foram estudados os clones sobreviventes durante aavaliação morfológica. Para a variável posição da lâmina foliar, todos os clones apresentaram folhas semi-eretas, com média das notas de 3,73, com exceção do clone Taiwan A.146 – 2.37 que apresentou tendência a ter folhas mais eretas, recebendo nota 2,7. Com relação à intensidade de perfilhamento basal, os clones Merker México – 6.2, Merker México – 6.5, Taiwan A.146 – 2.14, apresentaram as menores notas, sendo de 3,93; 3,93 e 4,40, respectivamente. A intensidade de perfilhamento axilar foi ausente no clone Merker México – 6.2, com nota 1,93, baixa para os demais e média para o clone Taiwan A.146 – 2.37 (5,66). De maneira geral, foi observada média intensidade de perfilhamento total entre os clones, indicando que os materiais podem ser utilizados, na forma de capineira, como também sob pastejo. Os clones de Pennisetum sp. de porte baixo, com maior altura, foram os que apresentaram maior desejabilidade, devendo estas características serem consideradasno momento da seleção. A estimativa da herdabilidade foi alta para todos os caracteres avaliados. Para produção de MS, relação folha/colmo e teores de MS, FDN e CNF, não foram observadas diferenças (P<0,05) entre os clones. Para PB da folha, o cv. Mott (14,1%) foi superior ao clone Taiwan A. 146-2.114 (12,0%), não diferindo dos demais. Os teores de CHT não diferiram (P>0,05) para folha, apresentando médias de 74,4%. Já para o colmo, o clone Taiwan A. 146-2.37 (79,5%) foi o que apresentou maior teor, diferindo (P<0,05) apenas do cv. Mott (73,9%). Para PB do colmo, o cv. Mott apresentou maior teor (12,3%) do que o clone Taiwan A.146 – 2.27 (9,0%) que não diferiu dos demais. Para FDA do colmo, o clone Taiwan A.146 – 2.37 (42,0%) foi maior do que o clone Mott (36,3), não diferindo dos demais. Nas condições da Zona da Mata Norte de Pernambuco, a maioria dosclones avaliados foram similares quanto à produção de MS, a relação folha/colmo, e composição nutricional. O clone Taiwan A.146 – 2.37, gerado pelo programa de melhoramento IPA/UFRPE, foi semelhante ao cultivar Mott. Os valores de herdabilidade indicam que os clones apresentaram variabilidade genética aos 60 dias de idade. Alguns descritores aplicados permitiram caracterizar os genótipos avaliados, sendo os clonesTaiwan A. 146-2.27, Taiwan A. 146-2.37, Taiwan A. 146-2.114 e Merker México 6.31, os que apresentaram maior altura e maior intensidade de perfilhamento total, além de apresentararem maior desejabilidade, revelando maior potencial para serem utilizados sobcorte.
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Beyers, Hendrik Philippus. "The effect of haloxyfop-R-methyl ester and imazamox herbicides, tine or no tillage and nine different medic cultivars on the seed and dry matter production as well as the quality of medic pastures." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52517.
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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a grass herbicide, a broadleaf herbicide with some grass control capabilities, method of tillage (tine and no-tillage) at planting of wheat as well as different medic cultivars on the regeneration, dry matter (OM) production and quality of a medic pasture. The trial was conducted at Langgewens experimental farm in the Swartland wheat producing area. Nine medic cultivars of three different species were evaluated after being sprayed with either haloxyfop-R-methyl (HAL) ester or imazamox (IMI) and subjected to either a tine tillage or a no tillage treatment at planting of wheat. Soil samples were taken during January 2000 to determine the size of the medic and weed seedbank as well as the degree of dormancy in the medic seeds, while OM samples were taken throughout the growing season to determine the OM production of the different medic cultivars and weed species. OM samples taken during October 1998 on the same pasture, were used to determine the crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fibre (NOF) content of the pasture. The samples were subjected to in vitro digestion and the digestibility of pasture CP (OCP), NOF(ONOF) and DM (DOM)were determined. Results showed that seedling establishment differed between cultivars used, herbicide treatments applied as well as the crop stage in the rotation. The cultivars produced more seedlings where IMI was applied compared to HAL as well as where the area consisted of two year pasture compared to one year pasture (1998) and one year wheat (1999). After a year of pasture and a year of wheat, cultivars Sephi and Paraggio produced the most seedlings, while Caliph and Orion produced the least. Caliph however, showed a very high degree of seed dormancy while Orion's low seedling establishment was due to its sensitivity to the IMI herbicide used. Little difference was found between the nine cultivars early in the season (July - August) with regard to cumulative OM production, except for Orion, whose growth was severely damaged by the IMI treatment. At the end of the growing season (October), the cultivar Caliph's cumulative OM production (2010.1 kg/ha) was significantly higher than all the other cultivars, except for Parabinga (1053. 4 kg/ha). Oifferent pasture samples, of which the botanical composition was known, was analysed for CP, NOF, OOM, OCP and ONOF. There was no significant difference in pasture composition during 1998 but variation in the pasture composition did however cause the IMI treatment, compared to the HAL treatment, to have a lower ONOFand OOMcontent. A modelling procedure was used to predict the pasture quality parameters (CP, NOF, OOM,OCP and ONOF) from the pasture composition (medic hay, medic pods, grassy and broadleaf weeds). This prediction of CP, NOF, OOM, ONOF and OCP from the pasture components had a relative low accuracy (49 -74.1 %) and a further refinement of this model for possible use on farms in order to improve grazing management and animal production is advised. In conclusion it could be said that broadleaf weed control caused a definite increase in medic seed and OMproduction, but Orion should not be used with an IMI herbicide. All the cultivars, except for Orion, produced enough seedlings up to the second year to ensure sustainability of the medic pasture. All the cultivars, except for Orion, produced a sufficient amount of OM early in the growing season. Caliph however, produced by far the most OM later in the growing season. A reduction of broadleaf weeds and medic pods will increase the digestibility of NOFand OMand therefore increase the quality of the pasture. Pods however are an important part of summer forage and the aim should therefore rather be to reduce the number of broadleaf weeds in the pasture.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die doel van hierdie studie was om die effek van 'n gras en breëblaar onkruiddoder (wat sekere grasse beheer), metode van bewerking tydens die saai van koring asook nege verskillende medic kultivars op die regenerasie, droë materiaal produksie en kwaliteit van medic weidings te bepaal. Die proef is gedoen op Langgewens proefplaas wat geleë is in die Swartland koring produserende gebied. Nege medic kultivars is geëvalueer nadat die weiding met of haloxyfop-R-metiel ester (HAL) of imazamox (IMI) onkruiddoders gespuit is en onderwerp is aan of 'n vlak tand of geen bewerking tydens die saai van koring. Grondmonsters is geneem in Januarie 2000 om die grootte van die medic en onkruid saadbank asook om die graad van dormansie in die verskillende medic kultivars se sade te bepaal. Droë materiaal monsters is gedurende die 2000 groeiseisoen geneem om die droë materiaal produksie van die verskillende medic kultivars asook onkruid spesies te bepaal. Droë materiaal monsters is gedurende Oktober 1998 geneem en gebruik om die ruproteïn (CP) en neutraaloplosbare vesel (NDF) inhoud van die weiding te bepaal. Die monsters is in vitro verteer en die verteerbaarheid van CP (OCP), NDF (ONOF) en droë materiaal (DOM) is bepaal. Resultate wys dat saailing vestiging verskil tussen die verskillende kultivars wat gebruik is, verskillende onkruiddoder behandelings asook die stadium van die weidings/koring. Die kultivars het meer geproduseer waar die weiding met IMI behandel is in vergelyking met waar HAL toegedien is, asook waar koring nog nie gesaai is nie. Na 'n jaar van weiding en 'n jaar van koring, het die kultivars Sephi en Paraggio die meeste saailinge, en Caliph en Orion die minste saailinge gehad. Caliph het egter 'n hoë graad van dormansie in sy saad getoon, terwyl die swak vestiging van Orion die gevolg is van die kultivar se hoë sensitiwiteit teenoor IMI. Min verskil is gevind tussen die nege kultivars, vroeg in die groei seisoen (Julie - Augustus), wat kumulatiewe droë materiaal produksie betref, behalwe vir Orion wat erg beskadig is deur die IMI behandeling. Aan die einde van die groeiseisoen (Oktober 2000) was die kumulatiewe droë materiaal produksie van die kultivar Caliph (2010.1 kg/ha) betekenisvol hoër as al die ander kultivars behalwe vir Parabinga (1053.4 kg/ha). Weidingsmonsters, waarvan die botaniese samestelling bekend was, is ontleed vir CP, NDF, DDM, DCP en DNDF. Daar is geen betekenisvolle verskille gevind in die botaniese samestelling van die weidingmonsters geneem in 1998 nie,maar die variasie in botaniese samestelling het veroorsaak dat IMI in vergelyking met HAL 'n laer DNDF and DDM inhoud het. 'n Model is opgestel wat die weidingskomponente (medic hooi, medic peule, gras en breëblaar onkruide) gebruik om die kwaliteits parameters (CP, NDF, DDM, DCP en DNDF) van die weiding te skat. Hierdie skatting van CP, NDF, DDM, DCP en DNDF deur van die weidingskomponente gebruik te maak het 'n relatiewe lae akuraatheid gehad (49 -74.1 %) en verdere verfyning van hierdie model vir moontlike gebruik op plase, ten einde weidings bestuur en diere produksie te verbeter, word voorgestel. Die gevolgtrekking kan gemaak word dat breëblaar onkruidbeheer 'n definitiewe verbetering in die medic saailing en droë materiaal produksie van die medies te weeg gebring het, maar die kultivar Orion behoort nie saam met 'n IMI gebruik te word nie. AI die getoetste kultivars, behalwe Orion, het voldoende saad oorlewing vertoon tot en met die tweede jaar van die rotasie om lewensvatbaarheid van die sisteem te verseker en alle kultivars, behalwe Orion, het voldoende droë materiaal produseer vroeg in die groeiseisoen. Caliph het egter laat in die groeiseisoen by verre die meeste droë materiaal geproduseer. 'n Vermindering in die hoeveelheid breëblaar onkruide en peule in die weiding sal tot 'n verhoging in die verteerbaarheid van NDF en DM lei en dus 'n verhoging in die kwaliteit van die weiding tot gevolg hê. Peule is egter 'n belangrike bron van voedsel aan weidende diere gedurende droë somermaande en die verbetering van weidings moet eerder gedoen word deur te poog om breëblaar onkruide te beheer.
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Freitas, Guilherme de Albuquerque. "Custo de produção de silagem de milho em fazendas leiteiras na região de Viçosa-MG." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2010. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/5967.
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Previous issue date: 2010-12-20Production costs of corn destined to silage production were evaluated according to soil preparation system used: convectional or direct plantation systems, with or without previously plantation of beans. Data and samples of eighteen dairy farms registered in the Programa de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária Leiteira da Região de Viçosa (PDPL-RV) collected from September/2009 to April/2010 were used. The farms were assigned to a completely randomized design in 2 x 2 factorial schemes. The pH, levels of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD), fresh forage production (FFP) and dry matter production (DMP) were evaluated. The economic aspects studied were the gross income (GI), effective operating costs (EOC), total operating costs (TOC), gross margin (GM), net margin (NM), fresh forage costs (FFC) and dry matter costs (DMC). A greater level of CP was observed in corn silage from corn produced in the direct plantation system. No effects of plantation systems were observed for any of the other characteristics evaluated. Methods of plantation do not affect the production costs as well NM and GM. The costs of corn silage produced without previously plantation of beans is higher than the costs of silage production with previously plantation of beans. However, no differences were observed for its GM and NM due to a greater production of corn silage without the previously plantation compared to corn silage with previously plantations of beans.
Avaliou-se o custo de produção de milho para silagem, em função dos tipos de preparo de solo convencional ou plantio direto, com ou sem pré-plantio de feijão, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com arranjo fatorial 2X2. Foram utilizadas 18 fazendas produtoras de leite, participantes do Programa de Desenvolvimento da Pecuária Leiteira da Região de Viçosa (PDPL-RV), no período de setembro 2009 a abril de 2010. Foram avaliados o pH, os teores de matéria seca (MS), de proteína bruta (PB), de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN) e a digestibilidade in vitro da matéria seca (DIVMS), bem como a produção de forragem na matéria natural (PMN) e na matéria seca (PMS). Na análise econômica foram avaliadas a renda bruta (RB), o custo operacional efetivo (COE), o custo operacional total (COT), a margem bruta (MB), a margem líquida (ML), o custo da matéria natural (CMN) e o custo da matéria seca (CMS). Observou-se maior teor de proteína bruta na silagem produzida pelo método de plantio direto. Para as demais características da silagem não constatou-se efeito de métodos de plantio, nem da interação deste com o pré-plantio de feijão. Os métodos de plantio tipo preparo convencional e plantio direto não afetam os custos da produção nem as margens líquida e bruta. O custo da silagem produzida sem pré-plantio de feijão é maior que o custo da silagem com pré-plantio de feijão, mas não há diferença nas margens brutas e líquidas das mesmas, devido a maior produção de silagem sem pré-plantio comparada com a silagem com pré-plantio de feijão.
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Mota, Rodrigo Vanderley. "Produtividade do capim Massai sob interferência de plantas daninhas em área de renovação." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7839.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES
The objective was to evaluate weed competition on the composition, production and structure of Panicum maximum Jack. Massai defining the period prior weeds interference (PBWI) and to perform the phytosociological study in the pasture renewal area. A randomized block design was used in 3x4 m plots in six periods weed coexistence periods: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90 days after the emergency (DAE) and control (non-coexistence). In the forage was avaluated the fractionation (leaf, stem and dead material), natural matter, dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP) and neutral detergent fiber corrected for ashes and proteins (NDFap) in each period in coexistent and compared with the check treatment. At 90 days, all treatments were evaluated and the volumetric density of the dry matter (VDDM), ethereal extract (EE), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin (LIG) were evaluated. The data were evaluated in a mixed model and subdivided plot, the means being compared by orthogonal contrast with regression adjustment. The EPI was calculated by regression based on a 5% loss of VDDM. Under the initial density of 495 m² weeds, the Urena lobata species had greater relative importance. The Coexistence with weeds decreased leaf production and increased stem yield at 75 DAE, altering the leaf-stem ratio at 90 DAE, which altered the composition and decreased forage yield. The loss of the VDDM was linear with the increase of the days of coexistence with the weeds being PBWI stipulated in 10 DAE of the Massai grass.
Objetivou-se avaliar a competição de plantas daninhas sobre a composição, a produção e a estrutura do capim Panicum maximum Jack. Massai definindo o período anterior à interferência (PAI) e realizar o estudo fitossociológico em área de renovação de pastagem. Utilizou-se o delineamento de blocos ao acaso em parcelas de 3x4 m com os tratamentos constituídos de seis períodos de convivência com plantas daninhas: 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, e 90 dias após a emergência (DAE) e o controle (não convivência). Na forrageira foi avaliado o fracionamento (folha, caule e material morto), a matéria natural (MN), matéria seca (MS), matéria orgânica (MO), proteína bruta (PB) e fibra em detergente neutro corrigida para cinzas e proteína (FDNcp) em cada período de convivência e comparadas com o tratamento controle. Aos 90 dias em que foram avaliados todos os tratamentos, avaliou-se também a densidade volumétrica da matéria seca (DVMS) o extrato etéreo (EE), fibra em detergente ácido (FDA) e lignina (LIG). Os dados foram avaliados em modelo misto e parcela subdividida, com médias comparadas por contraste ortogonal e ajuste da regressão. O PAI foi calculado por regressão admitindo-se 5% de perda da DVMS. Sob a densidade inicial de 495 plantas daninhas m², a espécie Urena lobata possuiu maior importância relativa. A convivência com plantas daninhas diminuiu a produção de folhas e aumentou a produção de colmo aos 75 DAE, alterando a relação folha-colmo aos 90 DAE o que alterou a composição e diminuiu as produções da forrageira. A perda da DVMS foi linear com o aumento dos dias de convivência com as plantas daninhas sendo PAI estipulado em 10 DAE do capim Massai.
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Silva, Nelson Luiz da. "Utilização de lodo de lagoa de estabilização na cultura de sorgo granífero (Sorghum bicolor, L. Moench) em condições de casa de vegetação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2001. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/18/18138/tde-27012017-164744/.
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O presente trabalho teve como objeto avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de doses crescentes de lodo de esgoto de lagoas anaeróbias sobre a fertilidade do solo, disponibilidade de metais pesados no solo e produção de matéria seca, acúmulo de nutrientes e metais pesados em plantas de Sorghum bicolor L. (Moench). Os tratamentos testados foram: 1) Testemunha; 2) Fertilização Mineral; 3) L100 - Lodo de esgoto em quantidade suficiente para fornecer o nitrogênio exigido pela cultura; 4) L200 - O dobro da quantidade de lodo aplicada no tratamento 3; 5) L300 - O triplo da quantidade de lodo aplicada no tratamento 3. O experimento foi conduzido por 124 dias, em condições de casa de vegetação, sendo que o delineamento estatístico foi o bloco casualizados com 5 tratamentos e quatro repetições, totalizando 20 parcelas. Os resultados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância (Teste F) e, nos casos pertinentes as médias foram comparadas pelo Teste Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Procedeu-se à realização da análise de regressão linear entre as variáveis estudadas e as doses de lodo de esgoto. Considerando-se os resultados obtidos no presente trabalho, foi possível elaborar as seguintes conclusões: - A incorporação do lodo de esgoto no solo proporcionou melhorias de algumas variáveis consideradas na avaliação da fertilidade do solo, podendo-se citar: teor de Matéria Orgânica, teor de fósforo disponível, potássio disponível e capacidade de troca de cátions. - Por outro lado, algumas variáveis, também relacionadas a fertilidade do solo, sofreram prejuízos, podendo-se citar: pH, teores de cálcio disponível, magnésio disponível e saturação por bases. Todos os elementos metálicos pesados, presentes no lodo de esgoto tiveram suas disponibilidades aumentadas no solo. - O lodo de esgoto promoveu maior produção de biomassa vegetal de ramos e folhas, panículas e raízes. - O aumento da dose de lodo proporcionou decréscimo no acúmulo de P nas ) nas folhas e ramos das plantas de sorgo granífero. Porém, nas outras partes analisadas houve aumento do acúmulo de P. Os totais acumulados de Ca e Mg não foram influenciados pelas dose de lodo de esgoto. Para os demais macronutrientes, o aumento da dose de lodo de esgoto resultou em maior acúmulo nas plantas. - Todos os metais presentes no lodo de esgoto tiveram seus acúmulos aumentados nas diferentes partes das plantas de sorgo granífero , com o aumento das doses de lodo incorporadas nos solos. Entretanto, nenhum teor encontrado foi alto o suficiente para proporcionar o surgimento de sintomas de toxicidade nas plantas. - O lodo de esgoto apresentou bom desempenho como fonte de micronutrientes para as plantas de sorgo granífero.The object of this study was to evaluate the effects of an application of ever increasing doses of sewer mud of anaerobic ponds on soil fertiliy, the avaliability of metals in the soil, the production of dry material, the accumulation of nutrients and heavy metals in the plant, Sorghum bicolor L (Moench). The treatments tested were: 1) Witness; 2) mineral fertilization; 3) L100 - Sewer mud in sufficient quantities to provide the nitrogen required by the culture; 4) L200 - a double quantity of sewer mud applied is the treatment 3; 5) L300 - a triple quantity of sewer mud applied in the treatment 3. The experiment was conducted for 124 days in vegetation house conditions. The estatistical delineation used was that of causalized blocks of tive treatments and four repetitions, totaling 20 blocks. The abtained results were submitted to an analysis of variance (Test F) and in the pertinant cases, the averages were compared by the Tukey Test for a 5% probality. An analysis of the linear regression between the stuied variables and the doses of sewer mud were conducted. With the results obtained in this study, it was possible to e1aborate the following conclusions: - The incorporation of the sewer mud in the soil provided improvement is some variables used in the evaluation of the soil fertility; variables such as the contents of Organic Matter, the contents of avaliable Phosphorus, the contents of available Potassium and the capacity for cation exchange. - On the other hand, some variables related to soil fertility suffered losses; variables such as pH, the contents of available Calcium, of available Magnesium and base saturation. - All the heavy metal elements, present in the sewer mud, had their availability increased in the soil. - The sewer mud promoted a large production of vegetal biomass of branches, leaves, panicles and roots. - The increase of the sewer mud dose promoted the decrease in the accumulation of P in the leaves and branches of the grair producing sorghum plant. But, for the other parts analyzed, there was an increase in the accumulation of P, the accumulated totais af Calcium and Magnesium weren\'t influncied by the sewer mud dose. For the other macronutrients the increase dose of sewer mud resulted in larger accumulations in the plants. - All the heavy metals present in the sewer mud had their accumulations increased in the different parts of the grain producing sorghum plants, with the increased doses of sewer mud incorparated in the soil. However, none of contents found were high enough to promote the appearance of toxin symptons in the plants. - The ewer mud presented a good performance as a source of micronutrients for the grain producing sorghun plants.
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Townsend, Marjorie Louise. "Overseeding the cover crops Hairy Vetch (Vicea Villosa Roth) and Medium Red Clover (Trofolium Pratense L.) into corn (Zea Mays L.) after the last cultivation: effects on corn yield and cover crop production of dry matter and ground cover residue." The Ohio State University, 1998. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1413464088.
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Borghi, Emerson 1978. "Produção de milho e capins Marandu e Mombaça em função de modos de implantação do consórcio /." Botucatu, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/99985.
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Orientador: Carlos Alexandre Costa CrusciolBanca: Ciro Antonio Rosolem
Banca: Francisco Antonio Monteiro
Banca: Paulo Cesar Ocheuze Trivelin
Banca: João Kluthcouski
Resumo: O trabalho de pesquisa teve por objetivo: 1) avaliar a produtividade de grãos da cultura de milho em épocas de consorciação com Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu e Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça em SPD; 2) avaliar o desempenho das plantas forrageiras consorciadas em épocas e a resposta à adubação nitrogenada aplicada após a colheita do milho, quanto à produtividade e valor nutritivo; 3) verificar, na B. brizantha, o acúmulo de nitrogênio total e proveniente do fertilizante nitrato de amônio (NPPF) com doses de nitrato de amônio (15NH4NO3) aplicado em cobertura nas plantas forrageiras após a colheita da cultura do milho; 4) avaliar o residual da adubação nitrogenada nas plantas forrageiras na cultura do milho cultivado em sucessão; 5)avaliar o aproveitamento do nitrogênio (15N), aplicado em cobertura na B. brizantha, pela cultura sucedânea do milho. Para atingir tais propósitos, foram conduzidos três estudos simultaneamente, conduzidos em condições de campo durante os anos agrícolas de 2003/04, 2004/05 e 2005/06 na Fazenda Experimental Lageado, da Faculdade de Ciências Agronômicas - Campus de Botucatu, em NITOSSOLO VERMELHO Estruturado, cultivado em SPD. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. No estudo I, os tratamentos foram: 1) cultivo do milho solteiro; 2) milho com Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu consorciada na semeadura; 3) milho com Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu consorciada na adubação de cobertura; 4) milho com Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça consorciado na semeadura; 5) milho com Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça consorciado na adubação de cobertura. No segundo e terceiro anos de condução do experimento (anos agrícolas 2004/05 e 2005/06), após a colheita da cultura do milho, foi aplicado nitrato de amônio em cobertura nas quantidades equivalentes a 0, 30, 60 e 120 kg ha-1 de N...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The present work aimed to: 1) evaluate corn grain yield under different intercropping epochs with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu and Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça under no-tillage system; 2) evaluate the performance of the forages intercropped and the answer of these crops to nitrogen rates applied after corn harvest, considering the productivity and nutritional value; 3) verify, in B. brizantha, the total nitrogen accumulation and the nitrogen accumulated from the fertilizer ammonium nitrate (NPPF) under different ammonium nitrate rates (15NH4NO3) applied in the forages as cover crop after corn harvest; 4) evaluate the nitrogen profit (15N), applied as cover crop in B. brizantha, by corn cultivated in succession. To reach the proposed objectives, it was carried on three simultaneous studies, carriers on at field conditions, during the cropping years of 2003/04, 2004/05 and 2005/06 at Lageado Experimental Farm, College of Agricultural Sciences, in Botucatu, State of São Paulo, Brazil, in a structured Oxisol cultivated under no-tillage system. The experimental design was in blocks completely randomized, with four replicates. In the experiment I, the treatments were: 1) corn cultivated alone; 2) corn with Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu as consortium seeded at corn seeding; 3) corn with B. brizantha cv. Marandu as consortium seeded at corn cover fertilization; 4) corn with Panicum maximum cv. Mombaça as consortium seeded at corn seeding; 5) corn with P. maximum cv. Mombaça as consortium seeded at corn cover fertilization. In the second and third experimental years (2004/05 and 2005/06), after corn grain harvest, it was applied cover rates of ammonium nitrate, equivalent to 0, 30, 60 and 120 kg ha-1 of N. Only under B. brizantha were allocated micro parcels in which it was applied enriched ammonium nitrate (15NH4NO3), to evaluate the N recovery by Brachiaria ...(Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
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Rodrigues, Silvana. "Produção e partição de biomassa, produtividade e qualidade de mini melancia em hidroponia." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2379.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-01The mini watermelons growing in greenhouses can be a more viable alternative crop to be used in rotation or soilless systems under protected cultivation. Greenhouse cultivation and staking require the use and suitability of various other crop management practices, such as increasing plant density and fruit thinning. Two experiments were performed at the Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS from November 2010 to January 2011, in order to study plant growth (dry matter production and partitioning), fruit yield and quality of mini watermelon Rapid Fire under greenhouse and NFT hydroponic system conditions. The first experiment aimed to study different plant densities (1.8, 2.4, 2.9, 3.4 and 3.9 plants m-2), setting four fruits per plant. The second experiment was conducted to verify the effect of sink demand (number of fruits per plant) in five levels (01, 02, 03, 04 and 05 fruits per plant). Fresh and dry matter of leaves, stems, roots and fruits, leaf area, average fruit weight, soluble solids content and pulp colour were evaluated. Regarding the results obtained in the first experiment, it was observed that increasing plant density from 1.8 to 3.9 plants m-2 reduced linearly growth of all organs and fruit yield per plant (from 9.58 to 7.47 kg) and presented no effect on fruit sugar content and pulp colour. However, from a marketable point of view, it neither caused losses in the average fruit weight (ranging from 2.39 to 1.86 kg) nor altered the plant dry matter partitioning. But, it increased linearly crop and fruit dry matter production as well as fruit yield obtained per square meter (from 17.23 to 29.11 kg m-2).Thus, we can recommend the density of 3.9 plants m-2 for the stanking mini watermelon Rapid Fire in hydroponic cultivation. The results obtained in the second experiment indicate that increasing fruit load caused a strong competition by fotoasimilates among different plant organs and reduced leaf expansion and fruit as well as other plant organs dry matter production. But, it had no effect on dry matter partitioning. Thus, one fruit per plant can be considered as the saturation fruit load related to the fraction partitioned into fruits. A linear reduction of the average fruit fresh weight from 3.42 kg to 1.77 and 1.26 kg was observed when the number of fruit increased from one to 4 and 5 fruits, respectively. Also, fruit soluble solids content was reduced, without any effect on pulp colour. The water accumulation into the fruits occurred differently from the dry matter accumulation. As a consequence, fruit yield increased linearly from 3.42 kg plant-1, at one fruit, until 7.09 kg plant-1, at 4 fruits per plant. The obtained results allow us to recomend a fruit load of two fruits per plant when the goal is to achieve more quality markets and three fruits per plant, when the goal is to increase fruit production without major losses in fruit quality of mini watermelon Rapid Fire in hydroponic cultivation.
O cultivo de mini melancias em estufas agrícolas se apresenta como uma alternativa viável a ser empregada em rotação de culturas ou em cultivos sem solo em sistemas de produção desenvolvidos em ambiente protegido. A adoção de ambiente protegido e tutoramento pressupõem o uso e adequação de vários outros tratos culturais, como o aumento da densidade de plantio e do raleio de frutos. Com o objetivo de se estudar o crescimento (produção e partição de massa seca), a produtividade e a qualidade dos frutos de mini melancia Rapid Fire em condições de ambiente protegido e cultivo hidropônico do tipo NFT, dois experimentos foram realizados entre novembro de 2010 e janeiro de 2011, no Campus da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, RS. O primeiro experimento teve o objetivo de estudar diferentes densidades de plantio (1,8; 2,4; 2,9; 3,4 e 3,9 plantas m-2), fixando-se quatro frutos por planta. O segundo experimento foi conduzido a fim de verificar o efeito da demanda de drenos (número de frutos por planta), estabelecendo-se cinco níveis (01, 02, 03, 04 e 05 frutos por planta). Em ambos os experimentos, avaliaram-se a matéria fresca e seca de folhas, caule, raízes e frutos, a área foliar, a massa média dos frutos, o teor de sólidos solúveis totais e a coloração da polpa. Em relação aos resultados obtidos no primeiro experimento, observou-se que o aumento da densidade de plantio no intervalo entre 1,8 e 3,9 plantas m-2 reduziu o crescimento de todos os órgãos e a produtividade das plantas de forma linear (de 9,58 para 7,47 kg planta-1) e não afetou a concentração de açúcares e a coloração da polpa. No entanto, não prejudicou a massa média do fruto do ponto de vista comercial (que variou de 2,39 a 1,86 kg) e nem alterou a partição de massa seca da planta, aumentando de forma linear a produção absoluta de massa seca da cultura e dos frutos bem como a produtividade por unidade de área (de 17,23 para 29,11 kg m-2). Desta forma, recomenda-se a densidade de 3,9 plantas m-2 para a mini melancia Rapid Fire tutorada em cultivo hidropônico. Os resultados obtidos no segundo experimento indicam que o aumento da carga de frutos na planta provoca uma forte competição por fotoassimilados entre os diferentes órgãos da planta, diminuindo a expansão foliar, a produção de massa seca dos frutos e dos demais órgãos da planta, sem afetar a partição de massa seca. Portanto, a carga saturante para a partição de massa seca para os frutos é a de um fruto por planta. Ocorreu uma redução da massa fresca média dos frutos de forma linear de 3,42 kg para 1,77 e 1,26 kg, quando se aumentou o número de frutos na planta de um para 4 e 5 frutos, respectivamente. Também, houve uma diminuição do teor de sólidos solúveis dos frutos, sem efeitos sobre a coloração da polpa. O acúmulo de água nos frutos ocorreu em uma proporção diferente do acúmulo da massa seca, fazendo com que o aumento do número de frutos levasse a uma elevação linear da produtividade, passando de 3,42 kg planta-1, na carga de um fruto, até 7,09 kg planta-1, na carga de 4 frutos. Os resultados obtidos permitem recomendar a carga de dois frutos para atingir mercados mais exigentes em qualidade e de três frutos para aumentar a produção, sem grandes prejuízos à qualidade da mini melancia Rapid Fireem cultivo hidropônico.
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Sanches, Antonio Batista. "Efeitos do silicato de cálcio nos atributos químicos do solo e planta, produção e qualidade em capim-braquiarão [Brachiaria brizantha (Hoechst ex A. Rich.) Stapf. Cv. Marandu] sob intensidades de pastejo." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74131/tde-05032004-145932/.
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O experimento foi conduzido na Faculdade de Zootecnia e Engenharia de Alimentos da Universidade de São Paulo (FZEA-USP) em área pertencente à Prefeitura do Campus Administrativo da USP, no município de Pirassununga, SP de março de 2002 a junho de 2003 em uma área experimental correspondendo a 16 piquetes de 35 m de largura e 90 m de comprimento (3150 m² cada totalizando 5,04 ha), sendo que cada piquete foi dividido em oito sub-parcelas de 8,75 m de largura e 45 m de comprimento totalizando 150 m² de área útil por tratamento. O objetivo foi avaliar os atributos químicos do solo e planta, produção de massa seca e composição bromatológica com a utilização do Silicato de Cálcio no capim braquiarão. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos completos e ao acaso e o experimento um esquema fatorial 4 x 4 com parcelas subdivididas no tempo (45, 90 e 365 dias) compostos de quatro ofertas de forragem (5%, 10%, 15% e 20% - kg de massa seca. 100 kg-1 de peso animal.dia-1) e de quatro níveis de Silicato de Cálcio (0, 2, 4 e 6 ton.ha-1) com quatro repetições para cada oferta, sendo o fator A: Oferta de Forragem e o fator B: dose de Silicato de Cálcio. As variáveis avaliadas foram: atributos de solo (pH, K, Ca, Mg, Si, V % e H + Al), folha (N, P, K, Ca, Mg e Si), produção de massa seca (pré, pós e desaparecimento foliar) e bromatológicos (PB, FDN, FDA e LIG). Para os atributos químicos de folha, a aplicação de doses crescentes de silicato de cálcio alterou a sua composição de forma positiva em relação à testemunha para as condições do experimento. Para os atributos químicos de solo, houve resposta benéfica da aplicação de Silicato de Cálcio, quando avaliado isoladamente e, também, quando analisado em conjunto com o Calcário Magnesiano, para a correção da acidez do solo nas camadas superficiais e sub-superficiais. A produção de massa seca foi influenciada de forma benéfica pela utilização do Silicato de cálcio, onde apresentou tendência de resposta positiva para os tratamentos. A composição bromatológica foi afetada pelos níveis de ofertas utilizados, mas não respondeu de forma significativa aos tratamentos empregados. Houve um acréscimo positivo nos teores de Silício no solo e na planta com a utilização do Silicato de Cálcio.The experiment was conducted in the FZEA-USP in an area belonging to the Administrative Campus of USP, located in Pirassununga - SP from March of 2002 to June of 2003 in an experimental area corresponding to 16 pickets of 35 m of width and 90 m of length (3150 m² each - totaling 5,04 ha), and each picket was divided in eight sub-portions of 8,75 m of width and 45 m of length totaling 150 m² of useful area for treatment. The objective was to evaluate the chemical attributes of the soil and it plants, dry matter production and nutritional quality with the use of Calcium Silicate in the signal - grass. The experimental design was in complete randomized blocks and the experiment a factorial 4 x 4 with portions subdivided in the time (45, 90 and 365 days) composed of four forage offers (5%, 10%, 15% and 20% - kg of dry matter/100 kg weight animal.day) and of four levels of Calcium Silicate (0, 2, 4 and 6 ton.ha-1) with four repetitions for each offer, being the factor A: Offer of Forage and the factor B: amount of Calcium Silicate. The evaluated responses were: soil attributes (pH, K, Ca, Mg, Si, V% and H + Al), leafs (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and Si), production of dry matter (pre, post and foliate disappearance) and nutritional qualities (CP, NDF, ADF and LIG). For the chemical attributes of leaf, the application of growing doses of calcium silicate altered its composition in a positive way in relation to the control (without calcium silicate) for the conditions of the experiment. For the chemical attributes of soil, there was a beneficial response of the application of calcium silicate, when evaluated separately and, also, when analyzed together with the lime, for the correction of the acidity of the soil in the superficial and sub-superficial layers. The production of dry matter was influenced in a beneficial way by the use of calcium silicate, where it presented tendency of positive response for the treatments. The nutritional composition was affected by the levels of offers used, but it didn't response from a significant way to the treatments applied. There was a positive increment in the tenors of Si in the soil and in the plant with the use of calcium silicate.
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Kellman, Anthony W. "Rhizobium inoculation, cultivar and management effects on the growth, development and yield of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)." Diss., Lincoln University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/378.
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Genotypic differences in growth and yield of two common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) cultivars to Rhizobium inoculation and management were investigated. In 2003-04, the two bean cultivars (Scylla and T-49) were combined with three inoculant treatments (strains CC 511 and RCR 3644, and a control of no inoculation), two fertiliser levels (0 and 150 kg N ha⁻¹) and two irrigation treatments (irrigated and rainfed). There was no nodulation on either cultivar. To further investigate the symbiotic relationship, 16 rhizobial isolates, including the two used in the first field experiment, were combined with the cultivar Scylla and evaluated in a greenhouse. Subsequently, five Rhizobium isolates were chosen for further field evaluation, based on signs of early nodulation in the greenhouse trial. The second field experiment in 2004-05 combined the five inoculant strains (RCR 3644, UK 2, H 20, PRF 81, PhP 17 and a control) with two bean cultivars (Scylla and T-49). In the greenhouse, nodule number varied from 7 (UK 2) to 347 (H 441) nodules plant⁻¹ at 51 DAS and from 13 (UK 1) to 335 (CIAT 899) nodules plant⁻¹ at 85 DAS. In 2004-05, in the field, nodulation was also variable, ranging between 1 and approximately 70 nodules plant⁻¹, with higher nodules numbers plant⁻¹ being found on cultivar T-49. Of the isolates used in the field, strains H 20, PRF 81 and PhP 17 produced 70, 25 and 12 nodules plant⁻¹ at 70, 40 and 54 DAS respectively. Nodules formed were of various sizes and more than 80 % were pink to dark red in colour denoting the presence of leghaemoglobin and active N fixation. The remaining nodules were either green or white. The importance of selecting an appropriate cultivar for the growing conditions was highlighted in these experiments. Leaf area index, leaf area duration intercepted radiation and final utilisation efficiency were significantly affected by cultivar. In both seasons cv. T-49 reached maturity (dry seed) before Scylla, while unirrigated plants reached green pod maturity seven days before irrigated plants. Plants of cv. Scylla gave a final TDM of 730 g m⁻²; compared to the 530 g m⁻² produced by T-49. The average growth rate was 7.0 and 5.2 g m⁻² day⁻¹ for Scylla and T-49 respectively (2003-04). Plants receiving 150 kg N ha⁻¹ produced 665 g m⁻² TDM which was 12 % more than was produced by unfertilised plants. The application of 150 kg N ha⁻¹ gave an average growth rate of 6.4 g m⁻² day⁻¹ compared to 5.7 g m⁻² day⁻¹ from plants with no N. Inoculation in the field had no significant effect on TDM in both seasons. Temperature affected growth and DM accumulation. Accumulated DM was highly dependent on cumulative intercepted PAR. Air temperatures below the base temperature (10 °C) affected growth in 2004-05, resulting in plants accumulating just 0.24 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR during early growth. This increased to 2.26 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR when the temperature was increased above the base temperature. There was a strong relationship between LAI and intercepted PAR. A LAI of 4.0-4.5 was required to intercept 90-95 % of incident solar radiation. Cultivar significantly (p < 0.001) affected radiation use efficiency (RUE). Scylla had a RUE of 1.02 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR compared to T-49 at 1.18 g DM MJ⁻¹ PAR. Seed yield was significantly (p < 0.001) affected by cultivar and fertiliser application. Cultivar Scylla produced 467 g m⁻² which was 76 % more than T-49, while a 12 % increase in seed yield was observed in N fertilised plants over unfertilised plants. Only cultivar significantly affected HI, while the yield components that had the greatest effect on seed yield were hundred seed weight and pods plant⁻¹. Inoculation significantly (p< 0.05) affected 100 seed weight (2004-05). Plants inoculated with strain H 20 had the highest 100 seed weight at 25.2 g with cv. Scylla producing larger seeds than T-49. The belief that local environmental conditions play a major role on field survival of bacteria, led to the use of PCR methods to identify field nodulating organisms. Amplification of genomic DNA from parent isolates using primers fC and rD generated a single band for each isolate. Isolates were identified to the species level as either Rhizobium or Agrobacterium, using the highly conserved internally transcribed spacer (ITS) region and are known to nodulate common bean. The DNA extracted from the isolates recovered from nodules of field grown beans gave multiple bands with primers fC and rD. Five distinct banding patterns were observed. All of these were different from those of parent isolates. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA demonstrated that nodules of field grown beans in Canterbury were inhabited by Pseudomonads either alone or in association with other root nodulating organisms. The inability to identify the inoculant strains in nodules of field grown beans does not rule out their infection and nodulating function in the cultivars used. The results suggest the possibility of both Rhizobium and Pseudomonads cohabiting in the nodules of field grown beans. The aggressive nature of Pseudomonads on artificial media, possibly out competing the inoculant rhizobia is proposed, leading to the inability to identify the inoculant strain from the nodules of the field grown beans by PCR methods. The need to identify the nodule forming or nodule inhabiting bacteria in the nodules is necessary to classify the importance of these organisms and their economic benefit to agricultural production. This study also underlines the importance of using PCR methods to gain valuable insights into the ecological behaviour of Rhizobium inoculants and nodule inhabiting organisms.
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Ferreira, Liana Viviam. "Análise do crescimento e da produção de ervilha torta (Pisum sativum L.) em ambiente protegido e cultivo hidropônico." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2373.
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Previous issue date: 2013-03-04The cultivation of edible pod peas in greenhouse and hydroponic system can be a viable alternative for obtaining high pods yield in winter and early spring crop-seasons. In addition, this crop system optimizes productive resources and causes reduced environmental impact. Currently, little information is available about edible pods pea crop, especially in greenhouse and hydroponic cultivation conditions. The adoption of this system presupposes to adequate plant density, as well as to produce knowledge and information regarding growth (dry matter production and partitioning) and yield of different genotypes. In this sense, two experiments were conducted with edible pods pea crop grown in hydroponic and greenhouse in winter/spring crop-season at the Campus of the Universidade Federal de Pelotas , in Capão do Leão, RS. The first experiment aimed to evaluate the effect of plant density on dry matter production and partitioning and yield components of edible pods pea crop 'Luana Gigante®'. Five planti densities (3.9, 4.7; 5.9, 7.8 and 11.8 plants m-2) were evaluated from May to November 2011. The second experiment aimed to characterize the growth and production dynamics of two edible pea pods genotypes ('Luana Gigante®' and 'MK10®') in a bifactorial model from May to November 2012. Genotypes composed the plots and evaluation dates composed subplots (0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 95, 115 and 135 days after setting/DAS). In both experiments, biomass was quantified by dry weight of different above-ground plant organs and yield by pods fresh weight. The results obtained in the first experiment indicated that increasing of plant density in the range from 3.9 to 11.8 plants m-2 reduced linearly the growth of all organs and the individual plants pods yield. However, it increased linearly the absolute crop dry matter production and the pods yield per square meter. It did not affect the dry matter partitioning among different plant organs. The vegetative shoot plant organs were the major sinks for photoassimilates, comprising 61.5% of total plant dry matter, while the pods represented 31.7%. Among the yield components, only the number of harvested pods per plant was reduced and there were not negative effects on average pods fresh weight and the percentage of marketable pods. Therefore, we can recommend the plant density of 11.8 plants m-2 for pea crop 'Luana Gigante'. In the second experiment, it was observed that 'Luana Gigante' and 'MK10' presented a sigmoidal type plant growth curve as a function of time. MK10 presented higher vegetative shoot plant parts and crop growth than 'Luana Gigante'. 'MK10' also presented higher pods growth at 95 DAS, but both genotypes presented similar pods growth and yield at the end of the crop cycle. Pods comprised 36% and 43% of the total above-ground dry matter production, respectively, for 'MK10' and 'Luana Gigante' at the end of the crop cycle. Thus 'Luana Gigante' presents greater ability to assimilate distribution to pods growth than 'MK10'. The vegetative shoot organs are the strongest sinks for assimilates of the plant and stems are more beneficed in relation to the partition of dry matter than leaves.
A produção de ervilha torta em ambiente protegido e sistema hidropônico pode ser uma alternativa viável para a obtenção de alto rendimento de vagens no período de inverno e início de primavera, além de proporcionar melhor otimização dos recursos produtivos e reduzido impacto ambiental. Atualmente, existem poucas informações disponíveis sobre esta cultura, principalmente em condições de ambiente protegido e cultivo hidropônico. A adoção deste sistema pressupõe a adequação da densidade de plantio, assim como, produzir conhecimentos e informações referentes ao crescimento (produção e partição de massa seca) e comportamento produtivo de genótipos. Neste sentido, dois experimentos foram realizados com a cultura da ervilha torta em sistema hidropônico e ambiente protegido em ciclo de inverno/primavera no Campus da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, no município de Capão do Leão, RS. O primeiro experimento, realizado de maio a novembro de 2011, objetivou avaliar o efeito da densidade de plantio sobre a produção e a partição da massa seca e os componentes do rendimento de ervilha torta Luana Gigante® , em experimento unifatorial com cinco densidades de plantio (3,9; 4,7; 5,9; 7,8 e 11,8 plantas m-2). O segundo experimento objetivou caracterizar a dinâmica do crescimento e da produção de dois genótipos de ervilha torta ( Luana Gigante e MK10 ) em esquema bifatorial no período de maio a novembro de 2012. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos genótipos e as subparcelas pelas épocas de avaliação das plantas (aos 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 95, 115 e 135 dias após o transplante). Para ambos os experimentos, a biomassa foi quantificada através da massa seca dos diferentes órgãos aéreos da planta e o rendimento através da massa fresca de vagens. Em relação aos resultados obtidos no primeiro experimento, observou-se que o aumento da densidade de plantio no intervalo entre 3,9 a 11,8 plantas m-2 reduz o crescimento de todos os órgãos e a produtividade individual das plantas de forma linear. Porém, aumenta de forma linear a produção absoluta da massa seca da cultura bem como a produtividade por unidade de área e não afeta a partição proporcional de massa seca entre os diferentes órgãos da planta. Os órgãos vegetativos aéreos são os principais drenos de fotoassimilados, representando 61,5% da massa seca total das plantas, enquanto as vagens representam 31,7%. Entre os componentes do rendimento, somente o número de vagens colhidas por planta é reduzido, não havendo efeitos negativos sobre a massa fresca média das vagens e a porcentagem de vagens comerciais colhidas. Portanto, recomenda-se a densidade de 11,8 plantas m-2 para a ervilha torta Luana Gigante . No segundo experimento, observou-se que Luana Gigante e MK10 expressam crescimento da planta do tipo sigmoidal em relação ao acúmulo de MS ao longo do ciclo de cultivo. MK10 apresenta maior crescimento dos órgãos vegetativos aéreos e da cultura do que Luana Gigante . MK10 também apresenta maior crescimento de vagens aos 95 DAT, porém os genótipos se assemelham em relação ao crescimento e à produção de vagens ao final do ciclo de cultivo. As vagens representam 36% e 43% da massa seca aérea da planta, respectivamente de MK10 e Luana Gigante , ao final do ciclo de cultivo. Assim, Luana Gigante apresenta maior capacidade de destinar assimilados para o crescimento de vagens do que MK10 . O conjunto dos órgãos vegetativos aéreos são os principais drenos de assimilados da planta, sendo os caules priorizados na partição de MS em relação às folhas.
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Bem, Cláudia Marques de. "Produtividade e valor nutritivo de pastagens de capim elefante sob os sistemas orgânico e convencional." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2014. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10851.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e TecnológicoThe objective of this research was to evaluate the productivity and nutritive value of elephant grass pastures, subjected to conventional and organic production system. In the conventional system elephant grass was planted in rows 1.2 m apart from each other. In the organic system elephant grass was planted in rows 3 m apart from each other. In the space between rows, in cool season, annual ryegrass was sown; allowing the development of spontaneous growing species in the warm season. It was applied 100 kg of N/ha from chemical and organic fertilizers (manure of cattle and pig slurry) in the respective pastures. The grazing method was rotated with time to occupy the two days. Holstein cows receiving 0.9% of body weight complementary concentrate feed were used. Pre and post grazing forage mass, botanical and structural composition, forage production and stocking rate were evaluated. Hand-plucked samples were collected to analyze chemical composition and digestibility. Experimental design was completely randomized with two treatments (forage systems), three replicates (paddocks) and repeated measures (mean values of grazing cycles or season). Eight and seven grazing cycles were performed during the experimental period for respective systems. Organic system present best forage distribution thought the year and highest participation of elephant grass leaf blades on herbage mass. The pasture under conventional system presented higher forage mass and stocking rate. Similar value was found in the chemical composition and digestibility of elephant grass pastures in both pasture systems. The organic as much as conventional system showed high qualitative values considering the fertilization, manage and utilization time, in proposed strategy. The results show that the elephant grass can be used under the organic system proposed.
Objetivou-se com esta pesquisa avaliar a produtividade e o valor nutritivo de pastagens de capim elefante submetidas aos sistemas de produção orgânico e convencional. No sistema convencional, o capim elefante foi plantado em linhas afastadas a cada 1,2 m. No sistema orgânico, o capim elefante foi plantado em linhas afastadas a cada 3 m; no espaço entre as linhas, no período hibernal, foi semeado o azevém anual e, no período estival, permitiu-se o desenvolvimento de espécies de crescimento espontâneo. Foram utilizados 100 kg de N/ha com fertilizantes químico e orgânico (esterco de bovino e chorume de suínos) para os respectivos sistemas de produção. O método de pastejo adotado foi o rotacionado, com tempo de ocupação de um ou dois dias, utilizando vacas em lactação que receberam complementação alimentar com concentrado à razão de 0,9% do peso vivo. Foram avaliados a massa de forragem de pré-pastejo e pós-pastejo, composições botânica e estrutural, taxa de desaparecimento, e de acúmulo, produção de forragem e carga animal. Para a determinação da composição química e digestibilidade da forragem, foram retiradas amostras simulando o pastejo. O delineamento experimental foi o inteiramente casualizado com dois tratamentos (sistemas forrageiros), com três repetições (piquetes) e com medidas repetidas (valores médios dos pastejos em cada ciclo ou estação do ano). Durante o período experimental, foram conduzidos oito e sete pastejos para os respectivos sistemas. Na pastagem sob o sistema orgânico, houve melhor distribuição de forragem e maior participação de lâminas foliares do capim elefante na massa de forragem. Na pastagem sob o sistema convencional, verificaram-se maiores valores de produção de forragem e carga animal. Valores similares foram observados quanto à composição química e digestibilidade do capim elefante em ambos os sistemas. Na estratégia proposta, tanto no sistema orgânico quanto no convencional apresentaram teores qualitativos elevados, considerando-se a adubação, manejo e tempo de utilização. Os resultados demonstram que o capim elefante pode ser utilizado segundo o sistema de produção orgânico proposto.
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Smith, Catherine D. "Productive matters : the DIY architecture manuals of Ant Farm and Paolo Soleri." Thesis, Faculty of Architecture, Design and Planning, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/13503.
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Varella, Alexandre Costa. "Modelling lucerne (Medicago sativa L.) crop response to light regimes in an agroforestry system." Lincoln University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10182/1477.
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The general goal of this research was to understand the agronomic and physiological changes of a lucerne crop in distinct physical radiation environments and to verify the potential of lucerne to grow under shaded conditions. To achieve this, the research was conducted in four main steps: (i) firstly, experimental data collection in the field using two artificial shade materials (shade cloth and wooden slats) under inigated and non-irrigated conditions; (ii) a second experiment with data collection in a typical temperate dryland agroforestry area under non-irrigated conditions; (iii) generation of a light interception sub-model suitable for shaded crops and (iv) a linkage between the light interception sub-model and a canopy photosynthesis model for agroforestry use. In experiments 1 and 2, lucerne crop was exposed to 6 different light regimes: full sunlight (FS), shade cloth (FS+CL), wooden slats (FS+SL), trees (T), trees+cloth (T +CL) and trees+slats (T+SL). The FS+SL structure produced a physical radiation environment (radiation transmission, radiation periodicity and spectral composition) that was similar to that observed in the agroforestry site (f). The mean annual photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD) was 41 % under the FS+CL, 44% under FS+SL and 48% under T compared with FS in clear sky conditions. Plants were exposed to an intermittent (sun/shade) regime under both FS+SL and T, whereas under FS+CL the shaded light regime was continuous. The red to far-red (RIFR) ratio measured during the shade period under the slats was 0.74 and under the trees was 0.64. However, R/FR ratio increased to 1.26 and 1.23 during the illuminated period under FS+SL and T, respectively, and these were equivalent to the ratio of 1.28 observed under the FS+CL and 1.31 in FS. The radiation use efficiency (RUE) of shoots increased under the 5 shaded treatments compared with full sunlight. The pattern of radiation interception was unchanged by radiation flux, periodicity and spectral composition and all treatments had a mean extinction coefficient of 0.82. However, the magnitude of the decrease in canopy growth was less than those in PPFD transmissivity. The mean lucerne annual dry matter (DM) yield was 17.5 t ha⁻¹ in FS and 10 t ha⁻¹ under the FS+CL, FS+SL and T regimes. This declined to 3.4 t DM ha⁻¹ under T+CL (22% PPFD transmissvity) and 4.1 t DM ha⁻¹ under T+SL (23% transmissivity). A similar pattern of response was observed for leaf net photosynthesis (Pn) rates under the shade treatments compared with full sun. In addition, spectral changes observed under the trees and slats affected plant motphology by increasing the number of long stems, stem height and internode length compared with full sunlight. Thus, there were two main explanations for the increase in RUE under shade compared with full sun: (i) preferential partition of assimilates to shoot rather than root growth and/or (ii) leaves under shade were still operating at an efficient part of the photosynthetic light curve. The changes proposed for the canopy Pn model were appropriate to simulate the radiation environment of an agroforestry system. However, the model underestimated DM yields under the continuous and intermittent shade regimes. These were considered to be mainly associated with plant factors, such as overestimation in maintenance respiration and partitioning between shoots and roots in shade and the intermittency light effect on leaf Pn rates. Further investigation in these topics must be addressed to accurately predict crop yield in agroforestry areas. Overall, the lucerne crop responded typically as a sun-adapted plant under shade. It was concluded that lucerne yield potential to grow under intermediate shade was superior to most of C3 pastures previously promoted in the literature.
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Domingues, Lucas da Silva. "Seleção de linhagens de feijão para produção e acúmulo de cálcio na planta." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3213.
Full textAbstract:
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorThe common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important calcium source for human diet, thus the evaluation of the calcium use efficiency in common bean a relevant tool for crop sustainability. The aims of this study were to evaluate the response in common bean cultivars with different calcium concentrations in nutrient solution on dry matter production, yield components and calcium, potassium and magnesium accumulations; to investigate the association between these characters; to evaluate the genetic variability of lines for calcium availability in the solution; and identify lines of common bean-efficient and responsive to calcium application by different indexes. For this, three experiments were conducted from March 2011 to July 2012 in greenhouse, in a completely randomized design, in splitplots. In the first two experiments were tested calcium concentrations in nutrient solution from 1.10 to 4.95 mmol L-1 as components of the main plot and the BRS Expedito, Carioca and Iraí cultivars on subplots in the first experiment, with the exclusion of the cultivar Iraí in the second experiment. The third experiment evaluated the efficiency and the response of the calcium use of 12 different common bean lines at low (1.10 mmol L-1) and high (3.85 mmol L-1) calcium concentrations in the nutrient solution. Higher values for dry matter and grain yield components were observed for 3.30 mmol L-1 and 4.95 mmol L-1 calcium concentrations in the solution. The common bean cultivars acumulate greater quantity of calcium in the leaves, followed by stems, pods and grains. Highest accumulation of calcium in the leaves was obtained at a 4.95 mmol L-1 calcium concentration in the nutrient solution, and the calcium concentration in the leaves was 21 times higher than the value obtained in the bean grains. The increase of calcium concentration in the nutrient solution up to the concentration of 4.95 mmol L-1 does not change the absorption and the accumulation of potassium and magnesium in leaves and grains. Indirect selection by greater dry matter and higher values of the variables that form the grain yield in common bean will be efficient to increase the accumulation of calcium in grains. The lines L 15, L 234, L 246 and L 77 respond to the increase on calcium supply in the solution, because more calcium accumulates in grain in the cultivation with high calcium concentration. The lines L 246 and L 15 are calcium use efficient in the plant, in the acquisition and grain production, and are not responsive to calcium application. The line L 77 is calcium use efficient in the plant and in the grain production and is responsive to the calcium application in the nutrient solution.
O feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) é uma importante fonte de cálcio para a alimentação humana, sendo a avaliação da eficiência no uso de cálcio em feijão uma ferramenta relevante para a sustentabilidade da cultura. Foram objetivos desse trabalho avaliar a resposta de cultivares de feijão a diferentes concentrações de cálcio em solução nutritiva na produção de massa seca, nos componentes da produtividade de grãos e no acúmulo de cálcio, potássio e magnésio; investigar a associação entre esses caracteres; avaliar a variabilidade genética de linhagens de feijão quanto a disponibilidade de cálcio na solução e identificar linhagens eficientes no uso de cálcio e responsivas a aplicação deste mineral por diferentes índices. Para isso foram realizados três experimentos no período de março de 2011 a julho de 2012, em casa-devegetação, em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com parcelas subdivididas. Nos dois primeiros experimentos foram testadas concentrações de cálcio na solução nutritiva de 1,10 a 4,95 mmol L-1 como componentes da parcela principal e as cultivares BRS Expedito, Carioca e Iraí nas subparcelas no primeiro experimento, com a exclusão da cultivar Iraí para o segundo experimento. No terceiro experimento foram avaliadas a eficiência no uso e a resposta de 12 linhagens de feijão em baixa (1,10 mmol L-1) e em alta (3,85 mmol L-1) concentração de cálcio na solução nutritiva. Maiores valores para massa seca e para os componentes da produtividade de grãos foram observados para as concentrações de 3,30 mmol L-1 e de 4,95 mmol L-1. As cultivares de feijão acumulam maior quantidade de cálcio nas folhas, seguido pelos caules, vagens e grãos. Maior acúmulo de cálcio nas folhas foi obtido na concentração de 4,95 mmol L-1 de cálcio na solução nutritiva, quando a concentração de cálcio nas folhas é 21 vezes superior ao valor obtido nos grãos de feijão. O aumento da concentração de cálcio na solução nutritiva até a concentração de 4,95 mmol L-1 não altera a absorção e o acúmulo de potássio e de magnésio nas folhas e nos grãos de feijão. A seleção indireta pela maior massa seca de parte aérea e maiores valores das variáveis que formam a produtividade de grãos em feijão será eficiente para aumentar o acúmulo de cálcio nos grãos de feijão. As linhagens L 15, L 234, L 246 e L 77 respondem ao aumento do suprimento de cálcio na solução, pois acumulam mais cálcio nos grãos em cultivo com alta concentração deste mineral. As linhagens L 246 e L 15 são eficientes no uso de cálcio na planta, na aquisição de cálcio e na produção de grãos, e não são responsivas à aplicação de cálcio. A linhagem L 77 é eficiente no uso de cálcio na planta e na produção de grãos e é responsiva à aplicação de cálcio na solução nutritiva.
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Nóbrega, Elcivan Bento da. "Produtividade e composição bromatológica de cultivares de milheto adubados com nitrogênio em neossolo quartzarênico órtico." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2010. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7629.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
The millet is a type of forage with great competence of production. However, the agronomic features of its cultivation need more technical information in order to obtain a better managing. Although millet is a promising forage, there are few studies showing its nutritional value by unequivocal methods. This experiment assessed the productivity, chemical composition and protein fractions of four millet cultivars (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown) (ADR-300; ADR-500; BRS-1501 e BN-2) submitted to different nitrogen dosages (0; 20; 40 e 80 kg ha-1) in the form of urea. This study was carried out at Federal University of Tocantins, in Araguaína - State of Tocantins - Brazil. The experiment was carried out by randomized design with 4.x.4 factorial arrangement with four replications. The following parameters were evaluated: forage dry matter production (FDMP), apparent nitrogen conversion efficiency nitrogen (ANCE), crude protein content, acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), dry matter and N content of protein fractions A, B1, B2, B3 e C. The nitrogen levels showed significant increase in productivity of FDPM for all varieties and maximum yield was obtained for the cultivars ADR-300, ADR-500 and BRS-1501 with the average levels of 65 kg N ha-1 in the first cut. The yield at 35 days of age was 1.840, 1.611, 1.529 and 1.398 kg ha-1 of MSF for BRS-1501, ADR-500, ADR-300 and BN-2, respectively. The average productivity of regrowth was lower (25%) than first cut. In the two cuts there was not a significant difference (P>0.05) in conversion efficiency and apparent nitrogen recovery in function on the applied nitrogen levels. In the first cut the average conversion efficiency was 23.66 kg ha-1 DM per unit of applied nitrogen and the apparent nitrogen recovery was 38.18%. The BRS-1501 demonstrated the best performance for recovering applied nitrogen in soil, followed by ADR-300, ADR-500 and BN-2. The N doses increased (P <0.05) in CP content of whole plant, leaf and stem. In the first cut, the CP in the whole plant was similar for all cultivars, with an average of 8.23%. In leaves the CP ranged from 9.17 to 9.65% for cultivars BN-2 and ADR-300, respectively. In the stem fraction levels did not differ (P> 0.05) between cultivars, with an average value of 2.51%.08 and 2.34% for whole plant, leaf and stem, respectively. Nitrogen rates did not influence (P> 0.05) the ADF, NDF and DM of whole plant, leaf and stem. The average levels of ADF, NDF and DM the first cut were: 42.29; 79.73 and 17.72% in the whole plant, 32.95; 61.84 and 20.08% in the leaf; 47.02; 81.68 and 16.57% in the stem, respectively. The average levels of ADF, NDF and DM in the second cut were: 31.97; 64.79 and 17.79% in the whole plant, 28.38; 62.32 and 19.77% in the leaf; 46.06; 81.48 and 1.78% in the stem, respectively. N increased the protein levels in the whole plant leaf and stem. There was no effect of N on ADF, NDF and MS in all variables. N dosages increased significantiv (P<0.05) PB levels. There was no significant difference (P>0.05) of nitrogen fractions magnitude among N dosages and among cultivars.The mean value among cultivars for each fraction was : 25.30; 14.88; 54.69; 0.58 and 4.68% respectively to fractions A, B1, B2, B3 and C. The nitrogen fractions were similar between cultivars. Nitrogen fertilization did not alter N amount presented in the protein fractions. The C proportion was lower than 5% in all cultivars.
O milheto é uma forrageira de grande potencial pro. Entretanto, os aspectos agronômicos da cultura, ainda carece de informações técnica para seu manejo sob nível tecnológico mais elevado. Como forrageira promissora, carece de estudos de parâmetros de valor nutritivo para avaliação da sua qualidade nutricional. Foi conduzido experimento com objetivo de avaliar a produtividade, composição bromatológica e as frações protéicas da forragem de quatro cultivares de milheto (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Brown) (ADR-300; ADR-500; BRS-1501 e BN-2), submetidos a doses de nitrogênio (0; 20; 40 e 80 kg ha-1) sob a forma de uréia em dois cortes na Universidade Federal do Tocantins, Campus de Araguaína, Tocantins. O delineamento experimental foi inteiramente casualizado com arranjo fatorial de 4 x 4, com quatro repetições. Os parâmetros avaliados foram: produção de massa seca de forragem (MSF); eficiência de conversão aparente do nitrogênio (ECAN); recuperação aparente do nitrogênio (RAN); teor de proteína bruta (PB); teor de fibra em detergente ácido (FDA); teor de fibra em detergente neutro (FDN); teor de matéria seca (MS); teor de N das frações protéicas A, B1, B2, B3 e C. As doses de N promoveram incremento significativo na produtividade de MSF para todos os cultivares, sendo a máxima produção obtida com a dose média de 65 kg ha-1 de N para os cultivares ADR-300, ADR-500 e BRS-1501, no primeiro corte. A produtividade média aos 35 dias de idade foi de 1.840; 1.611; 1.529 e 1.398 kg ha-1 de MSF para os cultivares BRS-1501, ADR-500, ADR-300 e BN-2, respectivamente. A rebrota apresentou produtividade substancialmente inferior (25%) do rendimento verificado no primeiro corte. Nos dois cortes efetuados não houve diferença (P>0,05) na eficiência de conversão e recuperação aparente de nitrogênio em função das doses de N aplicadas. No primeiro corte a eficiência de conversão média foi de 23,66 kg ha-1 MS por unidade de N aplicado, e a recuperação aparente de N foi de 38,18%. O cultivar BRS-1501 foi o que demonstrou melhor desempenho para recuperar o N aplicado no solo, seguido do ADR-300, ADR-500 e BN-2. As doses de N promoveram incremento linear (P<0,05) nos teores de PB da planta inteira, lâmina foliar e colmo. No primeiro corte, os teores de PB na planta inteira foram semelhantes para todos os cultivares, com valor médio de 8,23%. Nas folhas os teores de PB variaram entre 9,17 a 9,65% para os cultivares BN-2 e ADR-300, respectivamente. Na fração colmo os teores não diferiram (P>0,05) entre cultivares, cujo valor médio foi de 2,51%. No segundo corte os teores médios de PB foram de 8,12; 9,08 e 2,34% para planta inteira, lâmina foliar e colmo, respectivamente. As doses de N não influenciaram (P>0,05) sobre os teores de FDA, FDN e MS da planta inteira, lâmina foliar e colmo. Os teores médios de FDA, FDN e MS no primeiro corte foram de: 42,29; 79,73 e 17,72% na planta inteira; 32,95; 61,84 e 20,08% na lâmina foliar; 47,02; 81,68 e 16,57% no colmo, respectivamente. Os teores médios de FDA, FDN e MS no segundo corte foram de: 31,97; 64,79 e 17,79% na planta inteira; 28,38; 62,32 e 19,77% na lâmina foliar; 46,06; 81,48 e 16,78% no colmo, respectivamente. O N aumentou os teores de PB na planta inteira, na lâmina foliar e no colmo. Não houve efeito do N sobre os teores de FDA, FDN e MS. As doses de N promoveram aumentos significativos (P<0,05) nos teores de PB. Não houve diferença significativa (P>0,05) das proporções das frações nitrogenadas entre as doses de N e entre os cultivares. O valor médio entre os cultivares para cada fração foi de: 25,30; 14,88; 54,69; 0,58 e 4,68%, para as frações A, B1, B2, B3 e C, respectivamente. As frações nitrogenadas foram semelhantes entre os cultivares. As adubação nitrogenada não alterou a proporção do N contido nas frações protéicas. Para todos os cultivares a proporção da fração C foi inferior a 5%.
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SERRA, PAOLO. "Analisi del rischio ed impatto ambientale della produzione di energia elettrica utilizzando sorgo da biomassa." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10808.
Full textAbstract:
Questa tesi di dottorato analizza l’utilizzo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) al fine di produrre energia elettrica, tramite combustione diretta della biomassa. Il focus della tesi è stato quello di sottolineare i benefici ed i rischi associati all’uso di tre genotipi di sorgo caratterizzati da diversa lunghezza del ciclo culturale (precoce, medio-tardivo e tardivo).
La dinamica e la durata del processo di essicazione in campo sono state simulate attraverso un modello ad hoc (“sorghum haying model”), il quale integrato a CropSyst, è stato utilizzato per realizzare un’analisi del rischio produttivo stimando le perdite di biomassa (respirazione e meccanizzazione), ed i mancati affienamenti. Nell’analisi del rischio vengono stimati il numero di ettari necessari e la probabilità di eccedere la soglia di 64.000 ton ss anno-1 necessari per l’alimentazione di una centrale nell’Oltrepò pavese .
Inoltre uno studio di Life Cycle Assessment è stato condotto per la valutazione dell’impatto ambientale dell’utilizzo del sorgo integrato a quello della paglia per il completamento del fabbisogno totale della centrale 94.000 ton ss anno-1. Particolare attenzione inoltre è stata data alla variazione del contenuto di C organico del suolo dovuto alla rimozione della paglia ed all’interramento dei mancati affienamenti di sorgo. Il genotipo precoce mostra le migliori performance produttive ed energetiche oltre che la più alta probabilità di eccedere la soglia di 64.000 ton ss anno-1. Lo studio di LCA non ha mostrato differenze significative tra i genotipi anche se il minor impatto ambientale, è stato evidenziato dal genotipo tardivo conseguenza dell’interramento della più alta quantità di mancati affienamenti.This PhD thesis explores the use of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) as a dedicated bio-energy crop and highlights the benefits and risks associated with the use of early, medium-late and late sorghum genotypes to generate electricity by direct combustion in a biomass power plant. The dynamics and duration of the field drying process were simulated through the development of a specific model ("sorghum haying model"), which integrated with CropSyst, was used to perform a production risk assessment analysis estimating the biomass losses (respiration and mechanical), the haymaking failures and consequently to quantify the amount of dry baled biomass available for the power plant. In addition, the number of hectares needed to plant sorghum and the probability to exceed the threshold of 64000 Mg DM y-1, necessary to feed a biomass power plant in Oltrepò Pavese, were estimated. A complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study was carried out in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the three sorghum genotypes involved in this study. The LCA study takes into consideration the use of winter wheat straw as an additional biomass source to satisfy the total biomass power plant needs (94000 Mg DM y-1). Particular attention was given to the soil organic C change (ΔSOC) due to straw removal and haymaking failures soil incorporation. Early genotype showed the best biomass production and energy performance as well as the highest probability to exceed the threshold of 64000 Mg DM y-1. The LCA results did not show significant differences between genotypes although the lower environmental impact, has been achieved by the late genotype due to the highest amount of haymaking failures incorporated in the soil.
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SERRA, PAOLO. "Analisi del rischio ed impatto ambientale della produzione di energia elettrica utilizzando sorgo da biomassa." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10808.
Full textAbstract:
Questa tesi di dottorato analizza l’utilizzo del sorgo (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) al fine di produrre energia elettrica, tramite combustione diretta della biomassa. Il focus della tesi è stato quello di sottolineare i benefici ed i rischi associati all’uso di tre genotipi di sorgo caratterizzati da diversa lunghezza del ciclo culturale (precoce, medio-tardivo e tardivo).
La dinamica e la durata del processo di essicazione in campo sono state simulate attraverso un modello ad hoc (“sorghum haying model”), il quale integrato a CropSyst, è stato utilizzato per realizzare un’analisi del rischio produttivo stimando le perdite di biomassa (respirazione e meccanizzazione), ed i mancati affienamenti. Nell’analisi del rischio vengono stimati il numero di ettari necessari e la probabilità di eccedere la soglia di 64.000 ton ss anno-1 necessari per l’alimentazione di una centrale nell’Oltrepò pavese .
Inoltre uno studio di Life Cycle Assessment è stato condotto per la valutazione dell’impatto ambientale dell’utilizzo del sorgo integrato a quello della paglia per il completamento del fabbisogno totale della centrale 94.000 ton ss anno-1. Particolare attenzione inoltre è stata data alla variazione del contenuto di C organico del suolo dovuto alla rimozione della paglia ed all’interramento dei mancati affienamenti di sorgo. Il genotipo precoce mostra le migliori performance produttive ed energetiche oltre che la più alta probabilità di eccedere la soglia di 64.000 ton ss anno-1. Lo studio di LCA non ha mostrato differenze significative tra i genotipi anche se il minor impatto ambientale, è stato evidenziato dal genotipo tardivo conseguenza dell’interramento della più alta quantità di mancati affienamenti.This PhD thesis explores the use of sorghum (Sorghum bicolour (L.) Moench) as a dedicated bio-energy crop and highlights the benefits and risks associated with the use of early, medium-late and late sorghum genotypes to generate electricity by direct combustion in a biomass power plant. The dynamics and duration of the field drying process were simulated through the development of a specific model ("sorghum haying model"), which integrated with CropSyst, was used to perform a production risk assessment analysis estimating the biomass losses (respiration and mechanical), the haymaking failures and consequently to quantify the amount of dry baled biomass available for the power plant. In addition, the number of hectares needed to plant sorghum and the probability to exceed the threshold of 64000 Mg DM y-1, necessary to feed a biomass power plant in Oltrepò Pavese, were estimated. A complete Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) study was carried out in order to evaluate the environmental impact of the three sorghum genotypes involved in this study. The LCA study takes into consideration the use of winter wheat straw as an additional biomass source to satisfy the total biomass power plant needs (94000 Mg DM y-1). Particular attention was given to the soil organic C change (ΔSOC) due to straw removal and haymaking failures soil incorporation. Early genotype showed the best biomass production and energy performance as well as the highest probability to exceed the threshold of 64000 Mg DM y-1. The LCA results did not show significant differences between genotypes although the lower environmental impact, has been achieved by the late genotype due to the highest amount of haymaking failures incorporated in the soil.
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Senate, University of Arizona Faculty. "Faculty Senate Minutes March 5, 2012." University of Arizona Faculty Senate (Tucson, AZ), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/222811.
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Sitango, KK. "Factors affecting dry matter yield and pyrethrin content in pyrethum in Tasmania." Thesis, 2011. https://eprints.utas.edu.au/12286/2/Sitango_whole.pdf.
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Pyrethrum is a major crop in Tasmania, Australia. The lack of predictability in flower dry matter (DM) production and therefore crop yield is one of the biggest challenges for the industry, with large variation in dry matter yield currently occurring between production sites and seasons. If the industry is to expand, consistency in production is required to ensure crop production matches the volumes contracted for delivery to the market. Knowledge of the main factors affecting DM accumulation under commercial production conditions is required to develop crop management strategies capable of delivering consistent, high yields. The specific objectives of the studies reported in this thesis were to investigate the effect of: (i) light interception; (ii) plant density; and (iii) water stress on DM yield and pyrethrin content of pyrethrum.
The indirect measurement of light interception in pyrethrum using crop green leaf area and volume was used to assess the relationship with flower DM yield and pyrethrin content. Strong relationships were identified within sites and seasons, but not across all seasons and sites assessed in the study. As there was no clear relationship between light intercepted and pyrethrin yield, other factors could be involved. It was hypothesised that differences could be related to variation in rate of crop development, plant density and drought stress, which can occur during the later stages of flower development in Tasmania.
Plant density was shown to have a large effect on DM partitioning in a field trail conducted in north-western Tasmania in 2008-09. The relatively large leaf, stem and flower DM yield per plant at low (6 plants/m2) plant densities was compensated by the increase in plant numbers at high (44 plants/m2) densities. Variation in plant density is therefore likely to affect light interception. There was, however, no difference in the concentration of pyrethrin, the active ingredient extracted from the pyrethrum flowers, with plant density. No significant differences in DM accumulation were found between pyrethrum genotypes and there were no density x genotype interactions.
Drought stress was investigated by conducting pot trials under controlled conditions. Treatments included 3, 4 and 5 day watering intervals applied at early flower maturity stage 2 (FMS 2), mid (FMS 4) and late (FMS 6) flowering stages for either short (10 days) and long (20 days) durations. Plants watered on a 3 day interval tended to have lower (less negative) leaf water potential and displayed no visual signs of water stress. The FMS stage that water stress treatment was applied affected plant and flower dry matter yield, but watering interval or duration of stress treatment had no significant effect. Plants produced greater DM when drought stress was imposed during early compared with late flowering. Plant pyrethrin content, measured as pyrethrin concentration in the harvested flowers, was not affected by any of the drought treatments. Consequently, it was concluded that plants grown in field conditions are likely to be able to recover from mild drought stress, particularly during early flowering, but yield will be reduced if plants are stressed at later flowering stages.
This thesis has provided information to the pyrethrum industry on plant growth in response to crop management strategies and has highlighted the complexity of processes determining crop dry matter and pyrethrin yields.
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YANG, AI-HUA, and 楊藹華. "Dry matter production and partitioning processes in rice community as influenced by planting density." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25900945813500986106.
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CAI, XIU-LONG, and 蔡秀隆. "Production and distribution of dry matter in relation to yield in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)." Thesis, 1986. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11996693839853329071.
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CHEN, A.-SHAN, and 陳阿善. "Characteristics of dry matter production in relation to pod development in garden pea (Pisum sativum L.)." Thesis, 1990. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/47025702779094152804.
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Norberg, O. Steven. "Meadowfoam oil yield as influenced by dry matter production and partitioning, flower number, and honey bee density." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/36269.
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LIN, ZHONG-YI, and 林忠毅. "Dry matter production and partitioning processes in cytoplasmic male sterile and fertile nerar-isogenic lines of rice." Thesis, 1989. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/17139872607154224684.
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Lu, Chun-Tang, and 呂椿棠. "Effects of Meteorological Factors on Dry Matter Production and Partitioning Processes in Wetland Taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta)." Thesis, 1997. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/87116523274901028283.
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碩士國立中興大學
農藝學系
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The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of meteorological factors on dry matter production and partitioning processes in wetland taro (Colocasia esculenta var. esculenta). Two year-round experiments were conducted during November in 1993 to August in 1995 at at Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute (TARI). There are a total of twelve transplanting dates. Samples were randomly taken at one-month intervals starting at transplanting and ending at harvest. The total leaf area, leaf dry weight, petiole dry weight and corm dry wieght of each plant were measured. The climate data at TARI were also collected during experimental periods. The results showed that the development and growth of different plant parts of taro were changed with climatic variation under different transplanting dates.This can lead to significant difference in corm yield at harvest. Climatic variation also resulted in year-difference of plant growth of taro. Based on the partitioning coefficient of corm, base temperature of taro was calculted as 15.2 C from Reaumur''s heat unit model. Cumulative effective temperatures during the growth periods for each transplanting dates were then estimated. Combined all the data under twelve transplanting dates, the spline models for regressing partitioning coefficients on cumulative effective temperature were developed. From the spline regression analysis, revealed that the corm would be the only sink of current assimilate when cumulative effective temperature reached 1642.6 C. Eestimated values of partitioning coefficients of current assimilate for leaf, petiole and corm at different time scales of cumulative effective temperature were obtained from the spline regression models. To devide the growth periods of taro under different transplanting dates, different intervals of 100, 150, 200 C of cumulative effective temperature were used as ime scales. Whichever time scales, there were no significant correlation between crop growth rate and ten climatic factors, as well as betweem corm north rate and ten climatic factors. Thus, futher experimental efforts might be needed.
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GUO, JIE-WEI, and 郭介煒. "Dynamics of dry matter production in relation to grain yield of the japonica rice varieties released in Taiwan." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32437206478338491513.
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