Relevant bibliographies by topics / Dry Matter Content (DMC)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
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Academic literature on the topic 'Dry Matter Content (DMC)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 11 October 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Dry Matter Content (DMC)"

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Gurmu, Fekadu, Shimelis Hussein, and Mark Laing. "Combining Ability, Heterosis, and Heritability of Storage Root Dry Matter, Beta-Carotene, and Yield-related Traits in Sweetpotato." HortScience 53, no. 2 (February 2018): 167–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci12280-17.

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Orange-fleshed sweetpotato (OFSP) is an effective, low-priced, and sustainable source of β-carotene (provitamin A). However, most OFSP varieties have low storage root dry matter content (DMC), which influences their acceptance by small-scale farmers and hence needs to be improved. The objective of the study was to determine the combining ability, type of gene action, heterosis and heritability of storage root DMC, β-carotene content, and yield-related traits of selected sweetpotato clones for further evaluation and breeding. Crosses were conducted using a 7 × 7 half-diallel mating design and a total of 28 genotypes (seven parents and 21 crosses) were evaluated at four locations in Ethiopia using a 7 × 4 alpha lattice design with two replications. The performance of the genotypes was significantly different (P < 0.01) across the four locations for storage root DMC, β-carotene content, sweetpotato virus disease (SPVD) reaction, storage root yield, and harvest index (HI). The general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) mean squares were significant (P < 0.01) for all traits except the SCA effect of storage root DMC. The GCA to SCA variance ratios were 0.96, 0.94, 0.74, 0.96, and 0.97 for storage root DMC, β-carotene content, SPVD, fresh storage root yield, and HI, respectively, indicating that the inheritance of these traits was controlled mainly by additive genes. Progenies of crosses involving Ukerewe × Ejumula, Ukerewe × Pipi, Resisto × Pipi, and Ejumula × Pipi exhibited high levels of positive heterosis for storage root DMC. Similarly, progenies of crosses including Resisto × Pipi and Resisto × Ogansagan had higher positive heterosis for fresh storage root yield, reflecting the breeding value of these parents. Relatively high narrow sense heritability (h2) was obtained for β-carotene content (79.8%) and HI (48.6%). However, the h2 estimates of storage root DMC, SPVD, and fresh storage root yield were relatively low at 19.0%, 14.9%, and 20.4%, respectively. Crosses with high β-carotene content such as Ukerewe × Resisto, Resisto × Ogansagan, Eumula × Pipi, and NASPOT 1 × Temesgen exhibited high storage root DMC. These families also had medium-to-high mean fresh storage root yield. Therefore, progenies derived from these families are good candidates to develop improved OFSP varieties with high storage root DMC.
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I. O., Udemba, Olasanmi B., and Iluebbey P. "Tandem Effect of Bio-Fortification on Dry Matter Content and Gari Yield of Some Yellow Root Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Varieties." Asian Journal of Advances in Agricultural Research 23, no. 2 (September 8, 2023): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajaar/2023/v23i2457.

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Bio-fortification of cassava increased its total carotenoid content (TCC) but may have boomerang effect on key quality traits of cassava like dry matter content (DMC). Meanwhile, DMC of cassava reflects its true biological and product yield. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the relationship between TCC of some novel yellow root cassava varieties (YRCVs) and each of DMC and gari yield. Three bio-fortified YRCVs (TMSI010593, TMSI011368 and TMSI010539) and a white root variety (TMSI30572) as check were harvested 12 months after planting. The TCC (µg/g) and DMC (%) of the fresh storage roots were determined following standard procedures. Subsequently, the fresh storage roots were processed into gari and gari yield (t/ha) was estimated. Data collected were subjected to descriptive statistics, analysis of variance at 5% level of probability and correlation analysis. The check variety lacked TCC but had significantly higher DMC (34.34%) and gari yield (3.40 t/ha) than other varieties except variety TMSI010593 for DMC (33.95%). Total carotenoid content of the bio-fortified cassava varieties ranged between 7.81 µg/g (TMSI011368) and 10.23 µg/g (TMSI010593). Among the YRCVs, TMSI010593 consistently had the highest DMC (33.95%) and gari yield (3.2 t/ha) whileTMSI010539 had least values of 24.63% and 2.2 t/ha, respectively. The TCC of the fresh storage roots correlated negatively with DMC (-0.22) and gari yield (-0.22). Notably, TMSI010593 had a good combination of high TCC, DMC and gari yield, hence, it can deliver high gari yield and TCC to processors and consumers, respectively. Propagation of variety TMSI010593 is therefore encouraged because it can offer the triple benefits of food, nutritional and financial security.
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Almeida, Júlio César Silva, Jean Kaique Valentim, Dawson José Guimarães Faria, Cassia Maria Silva Noronha, Jonatan Mikhail Del Solar Velarde, Janaina Palermo Mendes, Rita Therezinha Rolim Pietramale, and Henrique Momo Ziemniczak. "Bromatological composition and dry matter production of corn hydroponic fodder." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 43 (August 19, 2020): e48800. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.48800.

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The objective was to evaluate sowing density influence on hydroponic corn fodder bromatological composition, harvested in different ages raised on grass mix substrate. The experimental design used was completely randomized with six replications for each treatment, using 2.0 m² plots (1.0 x 2.0 m). The densities were distributed into factorial array (4x4), consisting in four sowing densities (1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5 kg m-²) and four cutting ages (10, 15, 20 and 25 days). The dry matter content (DMC) and production (DMP) and crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), Fiber neutral detergent (FND) and ethereal extract (EE) were analyzed each cutting age. In terms of DMP (kg m-²), EE (%) and DMC (kg m-²), it is recommended to use the density 1.0 kg m-² with cutting age of 25 days. Regarding CP (%) the best result was at 15 days of cut and density 2.5 kg m-² and the values for FND (%) and ADF (%) were higher at 25 days at 2.0 kg density 2,0 kg m-². The choice of both best harvesting age and density will depend on what is desired of the nutritional forage (CP, EE, NDF, ADF, DMC and DMP) as well its destination, since very close values were found in all analyzes, regardless of density and age of harvest analyzed.
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Medic, T. "ESTIMATING DRY MATTER AND TOTAL SOLUBLE CONTENT IN APPLES USING A COMMERCIAL PORTABLE HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGING SYSTEM." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLVIII-1/W2-2023 (December 14, 2023): 1757–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlviii-1-w2-2023-1757-2023.

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Abstract. The quest for rapid, non-destructive, and precise technologies for fruit quality estimation is motivated by the needs across the whole food production chain. One of the emerging technologies fulfilling these requirements is spectral imaging. However, despite documented successes, the technology is yet to become established in commercial applications. The best results reported in the literature rely on fixed, non-portable dedicated setups, and controlled light conditions, which limits the potential use cases along the food production chain. In our study, we investigate the possibility of estimating dry matter content (DMC) and total soluble content (TSC) of store-bought apples in non-regulated indoor conditions using a commercial, portable, hand-held imaging system featuring a hyperspectral camera. The acquired images are transformed into per-fruit representative spectral profiles, pre-processed, and analyzed using partial least squares (PLS), the established method in the chemometrics community. We achieved the R2 of 0.93 for TSC and 0.91 for DMC on the test dataset, with a mean absolute error of 0.71 °Brix for TSC and 0.7% for DMC, which is comparable to the state-of-the-art results presented in the literature. These results indicate that recent instrumental developments enable the deployment of spectral imaging systems in a wider range of tasks in food production, requiring portability and allowing for less stringent control of environmental conditions.
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Lu, Changwen. "Early-Summer Deficit Irrigation Increases the Dry-Matter Content and Enhances the Quality of Ambrosia™ Apples At- and Post-Harvest." Horticulturae 8, no. 7 (June 23, 2022): 571. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/horticulturae8070571.

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Ambrosia™ is an apple that naturally has limited post-harvest quality retention, which is accompanied by relatively low dry-matter content (DMC). This trial was proposed to improve the DMC of this apple by scheduling deficit irrigation (DI) conducted in a semi-arid orchard in the Similkameen Valley (British Columbia, Canada) in 2018 and 2019. Two irrigation regimes were implemented in the orchard: commercial irrigation (CI) and DI, which was defined as irrigation for 2/5 of the timespan of CI. Five irrigation treatments were conducted: 1—adequate irrigation (AI), which used CI for the whole season; 2—early-summer DI (ED), which used DI from 20 June to 20 July; 3—middle-summer DI (MD), which used DI from 20 July to 20 August; 4—late-summer DI (LD), which used DI from 20 August to 10 days before harvest; and 5—double-period DI (DD), which covered the interval of MD and LD. The DI treatments resulted in a significant decrease from AI −1.0 to −1.5 MPa in stem water potential, followed by subsequent recovery. Conversely, SWP did not recover, and instead reached a critical low of −2.5 MPa under continued deficit conditions (DD). This, in turn, correlated with significant differences in the DMC among the treatments. Specifically, ED resulted in a rapid and sustained increase in DMC throughout the summer. At the time of harvest, ED resulted in a five-fold increase in the proportion of fruit, with greater than 16% DMC and 15% DMC in 2018 and 2019, respectively, compared to CI. DD resulted in similar levels of DMC elevation compared to ED, but also caused irregular maturation and the increased incidence of soft scald disorder in the post-harvest period. MD and LD had variable effects on DMC, and also increased the incidence of soft scald disorder. Consequently, fruit collected from the ED resulted in the best blush color attributes, higher soluble solid content, and a significant improvement in the post-harvest retention of both fruit firmness and acidity. The ED irrigation model would be recommended as a practical way for Ambrosia™ growers in semi-arid regions to decrease water usage, and to ensure high fruit quality for superior marketing and sustainable production.
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Ogwuche, ThankGod Oche, Mercy Elohor Diebiru-Ojo, Adetoro Najimu, Chukwunalu Okolie Ossai, Ukoabasi Ekanem, Bidemi Adegbite, Gideon Oyebode, and Peter Kulakow. "Performance and Stability of Improved Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) Clones in Demand Creation Trials in Nigeria." Crops 3, no. 3 (August 2, 2023): 209–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/crops3030020.

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Cassava fresh root yield and dry matter content constitute major determinants of demand by end-users. Increased demand for the seeds of improved varieties will facilitate the development of a sustainable seed system. However, for wide acceptability, there is a need to continuously evaluate candidate varieties for stability across different agroecological zones. Participatory Demand Creation Trials (DCTs) were established to evaluate cassava varieties with farmers and processors utilizing the best agronomic practices. The multi-year DCTs were conducted in 20 environments (7 locations) during the 2016–2017, 2017–2018, 2018–2019, and 2019/2020 cropping seasons with two replications. The plot sizes were 320 m2 with a spacing of 1 m × 0.8 m. The traits evaluated were Plant Vigor (PV), root number, fresh yield, dry yield, Dry Matter Content (DMC), and bundle estimation. The traits were subjected to a GGE biplot in R software to identify high-yielding and stable genotypes. Results obtained from the 20 environments showed that genotype (G), environment (E), and GXE interaction effects were significant (p < 0.01) for all the traits but PV. The heritability ranged from 56% (PV) to 96% (DMC). The average fresh yield t/ha ranged from 25.5 (IBA30572) to 35.4 (IBA980505). The DMC ranged from CR36/5 (36.1%) to IBA010040 (30.7%). The dry yield ranged from 8.8% (IBA30572) to 11.4 (IBA980505). Estimated bundles ranged from 13.5 (CR36-5) to 15.7 (IBA950289). Three varieties, IBA961632, TMEB419, and CR36/5, were identified as the most promising high dry matter content varieties for cassava processors and farmers in Nigeria, and genotype IBA961632 was the most stable. The study revealed greater genotypic effects than from the environment and high genetic advances.
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Camps, Cédric, and Zo-Norosoa Camps. "Optimized Prediction of Reducing Sugars and Dry Matter of Potato Frying by FT-NIR Spectroscopy on Peeled Tubers." Molecules 24, no. 5 (March 9, 2019): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050967.

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Dry matter content (DMC) and reducing sugars (glucose, fructose) contents of three potato varieties for frying (Innovator, Lady Claire, and Markies) were determined by applying Fourier-transform near-infrared spectrometry (FT-NIR), with paying particular attention to tubers preparation (unpeeled, peeled, and transversally cut tubers) before spectral acquisitions. Potatoes were subjected to normal storage temperature as it is processed in the industry (8 °C) and lower temperature inducing sugar accumulations (5 °C) for 195 and 48 days, respectively. Prediction of DMC has been successfully modeled for all varieties. A common model to the three varieties reached R2, root mean square error (RMSEP), and ratio performance to deviation (RPD) values of 0.84, 1.2, and 2.49. Prediction accuracy of reducing sugars was variety dependent. Reducing sugars were accurately predicted for Innovator (R2 = 0.84, RMSEP = 0.097, and RPD = 2.86) and Markies (R2 = 0.78, RMSEP = 0.033, and RPD = 2.15) and slightly less accurate for Lady Claire (R2 = 0.63, RMSEP = 0.036, and RPD = 1.64). The lack of accuracy obtained with the Lady Claire variety is mainly due to the tight variability in sugar content measured over the storage. Finally, the best preparation of the tuber from the point of view of the accuracy of the prediction models was to use the whole peeled potato. Such preparation allowed for the improvement in RPD values by 15% to 38% the RPD values depending on reducing sugars and 35% for DMC.
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Bejaei, Masoumeh, and Hao Xu. "Internal Quality Attributes and Sensory Characteristics of ‘Ambrosia’ Apples with Different Dry Matter Content after a Two-Week and a Ten-Week Air Storage at 1 °C." Foods 12, no. 1 (January 3, 2023): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010219.

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This research was conducted to determine the compositional and textural characteristics and sensory profile of ‘Ambrosia’ apples with different dry matter content (DMC) as estimated using a Felix-750 Produce Quality Meter (Felix Instruments Inc., Camas, WA, USA). Fruits were harvested from a commercial orchard in Cawston and an experimental field in Summerland Research and Development Centre (SuRDC) in British Columbia, Canada, when the average absorbance difference index/coefficient of fruit skin δAbsorbance (δA) dropped under 0.45 ± 0.10. DMC levels were estimated after harvest at the blush/background transition zone for fruit categorization on 300 fruits from each location. Fruits were coded with an individual number and grouped in different DMC categories. The distribution of the estimated DMC levels obtained from two locations was different. The results indicate that DMC levels were strongly and positively correlated with the soluble solids content (SSC) of the fruit (r = 0.81). Sensory evaluations also demonstrated that apples in the lowest DMC category (12.5% ± 0.5 from Cawston) were considered the least sweet apples with the least overall flavour quality by panellists compared to the apples from the other DMC categories included in the sensory evaluations from the two locations. Panellists also perceived less-than-expected “fresh apple” and “tropical” flavours but more-than-expected “no flavour” and “bland” off flavour from the lowest-DMC-category apples. The non-destructive DMC measurements show a potential to be used to sort apples for SSC, sweetness and flavour; nevertheless, they were not related to firmness or textural attributes.
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Gatarira, Cobes, Paterne Agre, Ryo Matsumoto, Alex Edemodu, Victor Adetimirin, Ranjana Bhattacharjee, Robert Asiedu, and Asrat Asfaw. "Genome-Wide Association Analysis for Tuber Dry Matter and Oxidative Browning in Water Yam (Dioscorea alata L.)." Plants 9, no. 8 (July 31, 2020): 969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080969.

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Yam (Dioscorea spp.) is a nutritional and medicinal staple tuber crop grown in the tropics and sub-tropics. Among the food yam species, water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) is the most widely distributed and cultivated species worldwide. Tuber dry matter content (DMC) and oxidative browning (OxB) are important quality attributes that determine cultivar acceptability in water yam. This study used a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) assay from a diversity arrays technology (DArT) platform for a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of the two quality traits in a panel of 100 water yam clones grown in three environments. The marker–trait association analysis identified significant SNPs associated with tuber DMC on chromosomes 6 and 19 and with OxB on chromosome 5. The significant SNPs cumulatively explained 45.87 and 12.74% of the total phenotypic variation for the tuber DMC and OxB, respectively. Gene annotation for the significant SNP loci identified important genes associated in the process of the proteolytic modification of carbohydrates in the dry matter accumulation pathway as well as fatty acid β-oxidation in peroxisome for enzymatic oxidation. Additional putative genes were also identified in the peak SNP sites for both tuber dry matter and enzymatic oxidation with unknown functions. The results of this study provide valuable insight for further dissection of the genetic architecture of tuber dry matter and enzymatic oxidation in water yam. They also highlight SNP variants and genes useful for genomics-informed selection decisions in the breeding process for improving food quality traits in water yam.
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Xue, Gang-Ping, C. Lynne McIntyre, Allan R. Rattey, Anthony F. van Herwaarden, and Ray Shorter. "Use of dry matter content as a rapid and low-cost estimate for ranking genotypic differences in water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations in the stem and leaf sheath of Triticum aestivum." Crop and Pasture Science 60, no. 1 (2009): 51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp08073.

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Stem water-soluble carbohydrates (WSC) are an important source of temporary carbohydrate reserve in cool-season cereals. Genotypic variation in stem WSC concentration in wheat at anthesis is often positively associated with grain weight and yield in water-limited environments. In this study we have examined the relationship between dry matter content (DMC, dry weight per unit of fresh weight) and WSC concentration in field-grown bread wheat. Strong correlations (r = 0.92–0.95) were observed between DMC and WSC concentration in the stem and leaf sheath from the top two or three internodes of recombinant inbred lines from a cross between Seri M82 and Babax, at anthesis or 1 week after anthesis, in several field experiments. This strong correlation was also observed in diverse genotypes grown under rainfed or irrigated conditions. DMC and WSC concentration were also positively correlated in the whole above-ground biomass of wheat at anthesis (r = 0.74–0.91). Measurement of stem and leaf sheath DMC and WSC concentration in a small number of samples would allow the rapid prediction of WSC concentrations in a large number of field samples with reasonable accuracy, as demonstrated in a small dataset in this study. These data indicate that DMC can serve cereal breeding as a rapid and low-cost selection tool for genotypic ranking of WSC concentrations in breeding populations.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dry Matter Content (DMC)"

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Rageb, Ahmed F. M. "Factors affecting dry matter content of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318704.

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Hronskiy, Oleksiy. "Grazing Legacy Influence Nutrient Content and Dry Matter Digestibility of Five Reindeer Food Plants." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för ekologi, miljö och geovetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-174776.

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Herbivores have a significant role in tundra ecosystem composition and processes. They can cause changes of vegetation composition and nutrient content that result in altered palatability of the vegetation and food availability for herbivores. The direct effect of herbivores on plant quality and quantity have been studied in detail, and recent studies have shown that present vegetation composition and soil processes might show legacies of historical grazing a century ago. This raises the question if historical grazing also has a legacy on the palatability of the vegetation. In this study, I investigated if the quality of the vegetation of the Historical Milking Grounds (HMGs) heavily grazed up until a century ago is still under influence a century after the heavy grazing has ceased. I focused on the nitrogen content and digestibility of the vegetation, since these should be two independent measures of food quality which, when evaluated together, should give a good estimate of the quality of the forage.
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Símílíen, Arsène Shannon Dennis Alan. "Effect of shade, irrigation and nutrients on dry matter yield and flavonoid content of American skullcap." Auburn, Ala, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1647.

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Ramoroka, Mokgadi Mizen. "Grain yield, gravimetric moisture content, dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll production in maize-legume intercrop under minimum and conventional tillage systems." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/639.

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Thesis (M.Sc. (Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo, 2008
Maize is a dominant crop in smallholder farming systems in the Limpopo province of South Africa, generally cultivated as intercrop with grain legumes. The major constraint in this cropping system is inadequate soil moisture during the growing season, which also limits nutrient availability to the component crops. The minimum tillage system has been reported to improve soil moisture availability on farmers’ fields but this has not yet been verified in an intercropping system in the province. The objective of this study was to quantify grain yield and chlorophyll production of intercropped maize, and to assess seasonal moisture availability under minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. Dryland field experiments were conducted at two locations in the province namely, farmer’s field at Dalmada in 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 growing seasons and at the University of Limpopo Experimental farm at Syferkuil during the 2003/2004. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split plot arrangement at all locations and seasons. Tillage systems consisting of conventional tillage and minimum tillage were the main plot treatments, whereas five different cropping systems namely, sole maize, and maize intercrop with cowpea (variety, Bechuana White), cowpea (variety, Agripers), Lablab bean (variety, Rongai) and Velvet bean were assigned as sub-plot treatments. Maize grain yield in 2002/2003 at Dalmada was significantly lower (357 kg/ha) under CT relative to 755kg/ha under MT. In 2003/2004 at Dalmada, grain yields under the two systems were similar, where as at Syferkuil, 15% higher grain yield results was obtained under MT. Minimum tillage systems resulted in higher number of maize cobs per plant at Dalmada in both growing seasons and weight per cob was higher under MT at both locations and seasons. At Dalmada, significantly higher soil moisture was recorded under the MT relative to the CT depending on depth and sampling dates. Chlorophyll content of the youngest fully expanded leaves of maize was generally higher under MT than CT, but this was observed only at the later stages of plant growth. The results also showed that the rate of senescence (reduced chlorophyll content in older leaves) was higher in maize plants grown under CT relative to those under MT. The minimum tillage system has shown the potential of being a superior system for dryland maize production, but further research involving additional locations is required to ascertain this fact.
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Lopes, Ana Rita Martins Filipe. "Influência do processo de mistura na composição física e química do alimento único para vacas leiteiras." Master's thesis, ISA/UTL, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4198.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Zootécnica - Produção Animal - Instituto Superior de Agronomia / Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária
This work was developed to study the influences of the mixing process in the physical and chemical composition of the TMR for dairy cows. Three mixing processes were studied: the “Control”, characterized by keeping the parameters already used on the dairy farm, particularly the order of entry in the blender and the beginning of the mixture (ration, hay – starting mixture, silage and water), the “Process A”, which changed the beginning of the mix for the moment it enters the silage, maintaining the order of entry described above, and “Process B”, which changes the order of entry in the blender (ration, silage – starting mixture, hay and water). The particle size of the mixture was analyzed by the “Penn Separator” method, the chemical composition (CP, Lipids, Starch, CF, NDF, ADF and Ash) by the NIRS and the dry matter content in an oven. The particle size parameters and NDF content were not appropriate in any of the mixing processes, but “Process A” proved to be the most beneficial, not worsening the particle size and allowing the saving of time and possibly of fuel. In all processes the dry matter content was adequate and uniform, which shows that the mixing times were correct.
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Gómez, Oscar. "Evaluation of Nicaraguan common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) landraces /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a476.pdf.

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Vinya, Royd. "Stem hydraulic architecture and xylem vulnerability to cavitation for miombo woodlands canopy tree species." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2010. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:9028b995-5379-4969-8a7b-59a7aa7ab533.

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Africa's miombo woodlands constitute one of the most important dry tropical forests on earth, yet the hydraulic function of these woodlands remains poorly researched. Given the current predictions of increased aridity by the end of this century in the miombo ecoregion, understanding the likely response of miombo woodlands tree species to water stress is crucial in planning adaptation strategies. Predicting the response of miombo woodlands to future climate trends is hampered by a lack of knowledge on the physiology of the common miombo woodlands tree species. In particular, plant-water relations for this woodlands type are not well understood. An understanding of plant-water relations for this woodlands type will provide insights into how water limits tree species distribution in this ecosystem. This will also improve our prediction model on the likely response of this ecosystem to predicted climate change. For this reason, the overall objective of this research was to evaluate the hydraulic architecture and xylem vulnerability to cavitation for nine principal miombo woodlands tree species differing in drought tolerance ability and habitat preference. This was achieved by; examining the hydraulic properties and evaluating the extent to which each hydraulic design was vulnerable to water stress-induced xylem cavitation; investigating how seasonal changes in plant-water relations influences seasonal patterns of leaf display and; analyzing the relationship between stem hydraulic supply and leaf functional traits related to drought tolerance ability. This research has found that drought-intolerant tree species with mesic specialization have more efficient stem hydraulic systems than co-occurring habitat broad ranging species. Broad ranging tree species attain wider habitat distribution by adjusting their hydraulic supply in response to changing ecosystem water availability. The finding that hydraulic properties differ significantly between tree species with contrasting habitat preference suggests that tree hydraulic design may have some adaptive ecological role in influencing species habitat preferences in miombo woodlands. The evaluation of xylem vulnerability to cavitation revealed that mesic specialized tree species were more vulnerable to water stress-induced cavitation than habitat broad ranging tree species. Vulnerability to cavitation in individuals from the same broad-ranging species growing in contrasting habitats showed only marginal and statistically insignificant (P > 0.05) differences between wet and dry sites. In the investigation of the influence of seasonal changes in stem water relations on seasonal leaf display, seasonal rhythms in stem water status were found to exert significant controls on leaf phenology. Mesic specialists had strong stem water controls throughout the year in comparison to broad ranging tree species. An analysis of the relationship between stem hydraulic supply and leaf functional traits suggests that stem hydraulic supply constrains leaf biomass allocation patterns among miombo tree species. Mesic specialists tend to invest more in leaf longevity than broad ranging tree species. This thesis has uncovered some interesting relationships between plant-water-relations and the distribution of miombo woodlands tree species. These results lead to the conclusion that in an event of increased ecosystem drying under future climate trends, tree species with mesic specialisation are at a greater risk of experiencing cavitation related species mortality than broad ranging ones.
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Prášek, Dalibor. "Sušení čistírenských kalů solární energií." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-229523.

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This Master’s Thesis deals with a question of the current methods of treatment of sewage sludge. The main objective is to compare the financial cost of conventional drying with solar drying. In the first part is described process of the treatment sludge and its disposal options. The Thesis also describes different methods of drying sewage sludge.
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Balyejusa, Kizito Elizabeth. "Genetic and root growth studies in cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) : implications for breeding /." Uppsala : Dept. of Plant Biology and Forest Genetics, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 2006. http://epsilon.slu.se/200682.pdf.

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Souza, Iraline Brum de. "Respostas de pastagem natural, localizada em área da depressão central do Rio Grande do Sul, à adubação e à disponibilidade hídrica." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2008. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/10715.

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This study was conducted in the city of Restinga Sêca, RS, with the objective to analyze the productivity, quality, botanical composition and biological characteristics of native pasture in response to fertilization and water availability. The fertilization increased native pastures productivity. The dry matter total accumulation rate, at dry or wet area, both fertilized, was 102 kg/ha/day. In the same areas, not fertilized, was 47 and 41 kg/ha/day, respectively. For green matter, the fertilization also increased the productivity, reaching accumulation rates of 70 and 93 kg/ha/day for dry and wet areas, respectively. In these not fertilized areas, the rates were 29 and 25 kg/ha/day. Furthermore, increased nitrogen and crude protein rates in plant tissues and mineral matter quantity in the plots. Water availability influenced on pasture components, as the water availability was increased, lower amount of components such as strait leaf, broad leaf and legumes and higher amount of neutral detergent fiber in tissues were observed, especially in spring period. Fertilization as well as water availability decreased the wealth of species, causing domination of some species already adapted to these conditions. Two functional groups were formed with vegetal biological characteristics, a group of capture of resources, with a high specific leaf area (SLA) (26) and low dry matter content (DMC) (234), composed by Paspalum pumilum, Paspalum urvillei, Paspalum pauciciliatum, Axonopus affinis and Setaria glauca. The other group is the conservation of resources, low SLA (21) and high DMC (323), composed by Paspalum notatum and Andropogon lateralis.
O presente trabalho foi realizado em área de pastagem natural no município de Restinga Sêca, RS, e teve como objetivos analisar a produtividade, qualidade, composição botânica e os atributos biológicos vegetais da pastagem natural em resposta à adubação e à disponibilidade hídrica. A adubação aumentou a produtividade da pastagem nativa. A taxa de acúmulo de MS Total tanto na área seca como na úmida, ambas adubadas foi de 102 kg/ha/dia. Nas mesmas áreas, não-adubadas, foi de 47 e 41 kg/ha/dia, respectivamente. Com relação ao material verde, a adubação também aumentou a produtividade chegando a taxas de acúmulo diária de 70 e 93 kg/ha para área seca e úmida, respectivamente, nessas áreas não-adubadas, as taxas foram de 29 e 25 kg/ha/dia. Além disso, aumentou o índice de nitrogênio e de PB nos tecidos vegetais e a quantidade de MM nas parcelas. A disponibilidade hídrica influenciou nos componentes da pastagem, quanto maior a disponibilidade de água, menor a quantidade de componentes como folha estreita, folha larga e leguminosas e maior a quantidade de FDN nos tecidos, principalmente no período de primavera. Tanto a adubação como a maior disponibilidade hídrica diminuíram a riqueza de espécies, fazendo com que algumas espécies adaptadas a essas condições dominassem a comunidade. Formaram-se dois grupos funcionais a partir dos atributos biológicos vegetais, um grupo de captura de recursos, com alta AFE (26) e baixo TMS (234), onde fazem parte as espécies Paspalum pumilum, Paspalum urvillei, Paspalum pauciciliatum, Axonopus affinis e Setaria glauca. O outro grupo é de conservação de recursos, com baixa AFE (21) e alto TMS (323), onde Paspalum notatum e Andropogon lateralis foram as espécies agrupadas.
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Books on the topic "Dry Matter Content (DMC)"

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Motherway, Susan O'Connell. Influence og management factors on dry matter content and chemical composition of pig manure and the implications for the efficiency of manure ammonium nitrogen utilisation for silage production. Dublin: University College Dublin, 1997.

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Locke, Kerry A. Nitrogen and dry matter relationships for winter wheats produced in western Oregon. 1991.

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Vida Rezar and J. Salobir. Effects of tannin-rich sweet chestnut (Castanea sativa mill.) wood extract supplementation on nutrient utilisation and excreta dry matter content in broiler chickens. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1399/eps.2014.42.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dry Matter Content (DMC)"

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Sayar, M. Salih. "Crude Protein Content and the Other Forage Quality Traits in Some Annual Plant Species From Different Families and Assessments with Biplot and Correlation Analysis." In Alternative Protein Sources, 17–49. Istanbul: Nobel Tip Kitabevleri, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69860/nobel.9786053359289.2.

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High-quality forage in livestock feeding will significantly enhance both the yield and quality of animal products. In this respect, it is crucial to know in advance the forage quality traits to make the right choice. Accordingly, the research was fulfilled to determine forage crude protein content and the other forage quality traits in some annual plant species from different families. According to the variance analysis, it was determined that there were statistically highly significant (P<0.01) differences between the species in terms of all the of the examined traits, and the examined traits were found to be in the following ranges; dry matter content (DMC) 15.67–26.97%, crude protein (CP) content 11.93–24.11%, acid detergent fiber (ADF) content 29.54–46.488%, neutral detergent fiber (NDF) content 38.30–62.89%, digestible dry matter (DDM) contents 52.33–65.89%, dry matter intake (DMI) 1.91–3.14%, metabolizable energy (ME) 7.67–10.27 MJ kg-1 DM, relative feed value (RFV) 77.5–160.2, calcium (Ca) content 6.72–18.72 g kg-1 DM, phosphorus (P) contents varied from 3.59–5.35 g kg-1 DM, magnesium (Mg) content 2.25–4.35 g kg-1 DM, potassium (K) content 28.58– 44.40 g kg-1 DM, Ca:P ratio 1.50–4.91 and K/(Ca+Mg) (tetany) ratio 1.34–3.94. Additionally, as a result of comparing the research results with the literature knowledge, it was understood that the Ca, P, Mg and K contents of the examined species were sufficient for the livestock needs. However, due to relatively higher-level K content and lower Ca and Mg contents, the tetany (K/(Ca+Mg) ratios of grasses species, Lolium multiflorum and Triticum aestivum, were found to be over the critical value (2.2) for grass tetany illness. Thus, when livestock intensively feed forages of the grass species, risk of getting grass tetany disease would be higher than the other species. On the other hand, the biplot analysis showed that there was a positive and significant relationship between CP, DDM, DMI, ME and RFV traits, and legume family species, Lathyrus sativus, Trifolium nigrescens and Pisum sativum spp. arvense came to fore in terms of these five traits. These legume species with having higher level the most important forage quality traits, their forage quality was found quite better than the other species.
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Kessler, H. G. "Multistage Evaporation and Water Vapour Recompression with Special Emphasis on High Dry Matter Content, Product Losses, Cleaning and Energy Savings." In Milk, 545–58. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5571-9_63.

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Duru, Michel, Raouda Al Haj Khaled, Camille Ducourtieux, Jean Pierre Theau, Fernando L. F. de Quadros, and Pablo Cruz. "Do plant functional types based on leaf dry matter content allow characterizing native grass species and grasslands for herbage growth pattern?" In Herbaceous Plant Ecology, 57–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-2798-6_5.

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Vijayalakshmi, C., and M. Nagarajan. "Influence of split application of nitrogen on foliar N content, photosynthesis, dry matter production and yield in short- and medium-duration rice cultivars." In Applications of Systems Approaches at the Field Level, 285–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0754-1_20.

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Sripathy, K. V., and Steven P. C. Groot. "Seed Development and Maturation." In Seed Science and Technology, 17–38. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-5888-5_2.

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AbstractIn plants, a fascinating set of post-fertilization events result in the development of a dispersal unit known as a seed. During the maturation phase, seeds accumulate storage reserves and acquire desiccation tolerance, followed by an increase in seed vigour during maturation drying. Physiological (or mass) maturity may be attributed to the stage of seed maturation when maximum seed dry matter accumulation has occurred, marking the end of the seed-filling phase. The stage of maturity at harvest is one of the most important factors that can influence the quality of seeds. Recent studies established that seed vigour and longevity continue to increase even after physiological maturity, signifying the importance of the late maturation phase for maximizing seed quality. Among the plant hormones, abscisic acid (ABA) has been studied extensively for its role during seed development and maturation. Apart from ABA, gibberellic acid (GA), cytokinin and auxin also play a critical role during the development of seeds. Desiccation tolerance in seeds begins much before the attainment of physiological maturity. Acquisition of desiccation tolerance is associated with embryo accumulation of oligosaccharides of the raffinose family, low molecular weight antioxidants, late embryogenesis abundant proteins and heat shock proteins coupled with structural changes at the cellular level. To obtain seeds of maximum quality (in terms of germination, vigour and longevity), harvesting needs to be performed at or slightly after harvest maturity a period at which seed moisture content stabilizes with environmental factors. In this chapter, an attempt has been made to present the current understanding of seed development and maturation concentrating on various aspects viz. phases of seed development, the role of plant hormones, other factors affecting seed development, concepts of seed maturity, and its relevance to seed quality, maturity indices in crop plants and acquisition of desiccation tolerance in seeds.
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Miller, Robert. "Determination Of Dry Matter Content Of Plant Tissue." In Handbook of Reference Methods for Plant Analysis. CRC Press, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420049398.ch4.

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Alves, Adriana Ursulino, Felipe Nunes de Lima, and Edson de Almeida Cardoso. "Improving onion production in Bom Jesus-PI: A study on the use of decomposed buriti chest." In UNITING KNOWLEDGE INTEGRATED SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH FOR GLOBAL DEVELOPMENT. Seven Editora, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/uniknowindevolp-088.

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The onion is a vegetable of extreme economic importance in Brazil, having originated in Central Asia. However, for the crop to present the best results, it is essential to be grown in soils with medium texture and high organic matter content. After all, soil quality can make all the difference in the success or failure of production. With this objective, a study was conducted to evaluate the response of the onion crop to the use of regional organic matter, specifically the buriti chest, as a cultivation technique to be applied to family farming in the region of Bom Jesus-PI. The experiment was conducted in the experimental area of the Horticulture sector of the Prof.ª Cinobelina Elvas Campus (CPCE), belonging to the Federal University of Piauí (UFPI), located in the municipality of Bom Jesus-PI, from July 14 to December 17, 2019. The randomized block design (DBC) was adopted, with seven treatments (0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 t ha-1 of buriti chest), four replications and ten plants per experimental plot. The following phytotechnical variables were evaluated: plant height and number of leaves per plant; and productive, such as total bulb productivity, commercial bulb productivity, non-commercial bulb productivity, longitudinal and transverse diameters, average bulb mass, dry mass of leaves and bulbs and bulb classification. The use of increasing doses of buriti chest improved the productive attributes of the onion cv. Ibiapaba in soils with sandy texture. The most recommended dose for the first year of cultivation was 60 t ha-1, but for the second year it may be necessary to increase to 80 t ha-1. However, further studies are needed to validate this recommendation and evaluate possible side effects on soil fertility and final product quality. The study reinforces the importance of seeking new cultivation techniques for family farming in the region of Bom Jesus-PI.
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"EFFECT OF DRY MATTER CONTENT ON AMMONIA LOSS FROM SURFACE APPLIED CATTLE SLURRY." In Odour and Ammonia Emissions from Livestock Farming, 149–55. Routledge, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203215975-19.

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Leigh, Egbert Giles. "Biomass and Productivity of Tropical Forest." In Tropical Forestecology A Viewfrom Barro Colorado Island, 120–48. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195096026.003.0006.

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Abstract What factors govern the dry matter content and limit the productivity of tropical forest? Tropical forest, which occupies 4% of this planet’s surface, produces 49 billion tons of dry matter per year, containing 22 billion tons of carbon, two-sevenths of the world’s primary production (Whittaker 1975). What the factors are that limit the productivity of tropical forest is now a fashionable question. Human activities are pouring 7.1 billion tons of carbon per year into the earth’s atmosphere, of which 53% is taken back by its various ecosystems (R. F. Stallard, p. c.). The remaining 3.3 billion tons of carbon (12 billion tons of CO2) remain in the atmosphere, increasing its CO2 content by 0.4% and contributing its mite to global warming (Schlesinger 1991).
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O’Donovan, Michael. "Improving grassland/forage quality and management to reduce livestock greenhouse gas emissions." In Reducing greenhouse gas emissions from livestock production, 209–30. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2020.0077.11.

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This chapter reviews grazing management strategies that can contribute to reducing livestock greenhouse gas emissions. Strategies discussed include grazing season length and timing as well as sward structure and quality, including dry matter and clover content. The chapter also discusses the use of condensed tannin legumes such as chicory and plantain, as well as measurement issues including life cycle assessment.
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Conference papers on the topic "Dry Matter Content (DMC)"

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Stepanova, Galina. "BUFFER CAPACITY OF ALFALFA DRY MATTER." In Multifunctional adaptive fodder production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2021-25-73-21-30.

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It was found that with an increase in the content of crude fiber, dry matter and soluble sugars by 1%, the buffer capacity of alfalfa dry matter decreases by 0.04–0.10, 0.09–0.19 and 0.16–1.44 mol/l, respectively. An increase in the content of crude protein, crude ash and crude fat by 1 % increases the buffer capacity of dry matter by 0.07–0.40, 0.19–86 and 0.33–1.11 mol/l, respectively. Therefore, to create alfalfa varieties with a reduced buffer capacity without appreciable damage to the feed value, it is necessary to conduct breeding to increase the content of soluble sugars and, possibly, reduce the content of raw fat.
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Marković, Jordan, Đorđe Lazarević, and Vladimir Zornić. "CONTENT OF POLYPHENOL COMPOUNDS IN THE DRY MATTER OF ITALIAN RYEGRASS." In 1st International Symposium on Biotechnology. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt28.039m.

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Francisco Alonso, Jesus Vazquez, Elvira Sánchez, Ismael Ovejero, Aranzazu Mateos, and Miguel Angel Garcimartin. "Comparison of Dry Matter Content of Pig Faeces in Two Belt Separation Systems." In Livestock Environment VIII, 31 August - 4 September 2008, Iguassu Falls, Brazil. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.25625.

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Wojcieszak, Dawid, Jacek Przybył, Maciej Zaborowicz, Krzysztof Koszela, Piotr Boniecki, Sebastian Kujawa, Wojciech Mueller, Łukasz Gierz, and Krzysztof Przybył. "Neural image analysis in determining the content of dry matter in corn cob." In Eleventh International Conference on Digital Image Processing, edited by Xudong Jiang and Jenq-Neng Hwang. SPIE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2539783.

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Indriani, F. C., J. Restuono, W. Rahajeng, and M. J. Mejaya. "Yield Potential and Morphological Characters of Promising Sweetpotato Clones Rich in Anthocyanin and High Dry Matter Content." In 3rd KOBI Congress, International and National Conferences (KOBICINC 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210621.006.

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PAULAUSKIENĖ, Aurelija, Viktoras PRANCKIETIS, Toma BARČYTĖ, and Živilė TARASEVIČIENĖ. "CHANGES OF ACTINIDIA KOLOMIKTA FRUIT TEXTURE DURING STORAGE IN CONTROLLED ATMOSPHERE CHAMBERS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.027.

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Investigations were carried out in 2013. A. kolomikta cv. ‘Laiba’, ‘Lankė’, ‘Landė’, ‘Paukštės Šakarva’ fruits were picked at the technical maturity stage. The amount of dry matter, soluble solids and texture parameters were established in fruits after harvesting and during storage. Fruits stored for 8 weeks in controlled atmosphere chambers with different air parameters (No. 1–21 % O2, No. 2–0.5 % O2, No. 3–1 % O2, No. 4–1 % O2 and 1 % CO2). Dry matter, soluble solids and texture analysis were done biweekly. The amount of dry matter was determined by drying the samples to the constant mass at the temperature of 105 ºC. Soluble solids content was determined by the refractometric method. Fruit texture parameters were analysed by Texture analyser. The results of chemical analysis at harvest time showed that the biggest amount of dry matter and the highest value of flesh firmness were in ‘Laiba’ fruits, soluble solids in ‘Landė’ fruits. The highest value of bio-yield point was established in ‘Paukštės Šakarva’ fruits. Results of analysis showed that dry matter content as well as soluble solids content of A. kolomikta fruits increases during storage in controlled atmosphere chambers. The highest increase in soluble solids content was in chamber No. 4 and the highest increase in dry matter content was in chamber No. 2 compared with fruits at harvest time. A. kolomikta fruits texture changes during fruit ripening with bio-yield point and flesh firmness declining. The largest decrease of bio-yield point and flesh firmness of fruits occurred in two weeks of storage.
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Wojcieszak, D., J. Przybył, A. Lewicki, A. Ludwiczak, A. Przybylak, P. Boniecki, K. Koszela, M. Zaborowicz, K. Przybył, and K. Witaszek. "Use of neural image analysis methods in the process to determine the dry matter content in the compost." In Seventh International Conference on Digital Image Processing (ICDIP15), edited by Charles M. Falco and Xudong Jiang. SPIE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2197035.

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ADAMOVICS, Aleksandrs, and Liena POIŠA. "EVALUATION OF CHEMICAL CONTENT IN DIFFERENT ENERGY CROPS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.143.

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For energy crops (reed canary grass and timothy grass), it is important to evaluate the sulphur and carbon content, and the harvested dry matter dependency on the fertilizer norm. Sulphur and carbon are important elements of a combustible material, and carbon is directly important as it forms the burning component. On the other hand, sulphur is an unwelcome element in combustible materials as it promotes environmental pollution. The field trials were carried out in sod calcareous soils in 2011–2013. A research was conducted to investigate the chemical content of two grasses: reed canary grass var. ‘Bamse’ (Phalaris arundinacea L.), and timothy grass ‘Jumis’ (Phleum pratense L.). Fertiliser norms (kg ha-1) applied in the research were: N0P0K0 (control), N30, N60, and N90. The harvest yield is one of the most important factors to obtain biocombustible materials; however, it does not mean that the amount of the harvest yield guarantees also a good quality of grasses. The research showed that the trial year had the most significant influence on both the sulphur yield and content in dry matter, the fertiliser norm essentially influenced the sulphur (η=30.1%) and carbon (η=6.5%) yield, but for the sulphur yield, a 6% interaction effect was established between the trial year and the nitrogen fertilizer norm.
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Mladenović, Jelena, Đorđe Jovanović, Nenad Pavlović, Milena Đurić, Ljiljana Bošković-Rakočević, and Jasmina Zdravković. "CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF LEMON GRASS EXTRACTS." In 1st INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM ON BIOTECHNOLOGY. University of Kragujevac, Faculty of Agronomy, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.46793/sbt28.509m.

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The plant lemon grass (Aloisia citrodora) was used as material in this work. The percentage of dry matter, organic acids and cellulose, was determined from the fresh plant material. Extracts are obtained from chopped dry lemongrass leaves. Extraction was done by maceration, Soxhlet and ultrasound. The content of extracted matter in the obtained extracts was determined, as was the content of vitamin C.
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Hunt, E. R., Lingli Wang, John J. Qu, and Xianjun Hao. "Remote sensing of fuel moisture content from the ratios of canopy water indices with a foliar dry matter index." In SPIE Optical Engineering + Applications, edited by Wei Gao, Thomas J. Jackson, Jinnian Wang, and Ni-Bin Chang. SPIE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.930077.

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Reports on the topic "Dry Matter Content (DMC)"

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Rosero, Amparo, Iván Pastrana, Carlos Sierra, José Luis Pérez, Laura Espitia, Remberto Martínez, and Hernando Araujo. Influence of genotype and environment on quality attributes of sweet potato (Ipomea batatas Lam.). Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria - AGROSAVIA, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21930/agrosavia.poster.2018.7.

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Sweetpotato is the fifteenth most important food crop, and third between roots and tubers crops worldwide. Sweet potato crop has the capacity to adapt to different environmental conditions, and expression of quality traits is highly influenced by variety and growth conditions. We evaluate the effect of these factors on quality attributes such as dry matter content (DMC), ash content (AC), crude fiber (CF), total protein content (TPC) and brix grades (°Brix) in order to determine adequate conditions to ensure better quality in sweet potato roots.
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Mizrach, Amos, Sydney L. Spahr, Ephraim Maltz, Michael R. Murphy, Zeev Schmilovitch, Jan E. Novakofski, Uri M. Peiper, et al. Ultrasonic Body Condition Measurements for Computerized Dairy Management Systems. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568109.bard.

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The body condition (BC) score is recognized in the dairy industry as an essential tool for managing the energy reserves of the dairy cow, which is essential for sustaining optimal and efficient production over several lactations. The current use of BC scoring depends on the accuracy of subjective visual estimates, and this limits its kusefulness as a management aid in the dairy industry. A measuring tool that would frequently provide objective data on the cow's body reserves would be a major contribution to efficient dairy herd management. Ultrasonic sensors have the potential to be developed into an efficient BC measuring device, and the experimental use of such sensors for subcutaneous fat thickness (SDFT) estimates, as an indication for BC in beef cattle, supports this assumption. The purposes of this project were: 1. To compare visual BC scoring and ultrasonic fat thickness with on-line automated body weight (BW) measurements as monitors of nutritional adequacy of dairy cows at various stages of lactation. 2. To determine the effects of variation in digestive fill in early and late lactation on the accuracy of body weight measurements in lactating cows. 3. To modify an existing ultrasonic system and develop a specialized, low-cost sensor for repeatable determination of body condition scores by users with minimal training and skill. 4. To develop a standard for the assignment of body condition scores based on ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness. The procedure to execute these objectives involved: 1. Frequent measurement of BW, milk yield (MY), BC (visually scored) and subdermal fat thickness ultrasonically measured of dairy cows, and data analysis on average and individual basis. 2. Testing and selection of an appropriate special-purpose sensor, finding an optimum body location for working an ultrasonic measurement, prcessing the signals obtained, and correlating the resulting measurements with performance responses in lactating cows. Linking the ultrasonic signals to BC scores, and developing a BC scoring data acquisition system are the first steps towards fulfilling the necessary requirements for incorporating this device into an existing dairy herd management system, in order to provide the industry with a powerful managment tool. From the results obtained we could conclude that: 1. BC does not correlate with BW changes during all stages of lactation, although in general terms it does. These results were confirmed by individual cow BW and BC data obtained during the course of lactation, that were supported by individual objective ultrasonic measurement of SDFT. 2. BW changes reflect energy metabolism reliably ony after peak milk yield; early in lactation, a decrease in BW expresses mobilization of body reserves only qualitatively, and not quantitatively. 3. Gastrointestinal content increases throughout the whole period during which dry matter intake (DMI) increases. The drastic increase very early in lactation prevents the use of BW changes as a basis for quantitative estimatio of energy meatabolism; at this stage of lactation, konly a BC score or any other direct measurements willl provide a quantitative estimate of energy metabolism. 4. Ultrasonic measurements of subdermal fat thickness can be used to quantify changes that correlate with the actual condition of the cow, as assessed by performance and the traditional way of scoring. 5. To find the best site on the cow's body at which to obtain responses to BC and its changes in the course of lactation, additional sites have to be examined. From the present study, it seems that the sites between ribs 12 and 13 have the potential for this purpose. 6. The use of templates made it easier to repeat measurements at a desired site and spot. However, the convenient easy-to-handle way to standardize the measurement, described in this study, koffers scope for improvement. 7. The RF peak values of the A-mode are better indicators of the location of fat layer borders than image analysis, from the point of view of future commercial development. 8. The distances between the RF peaks of the A-mode can be automatically measured by suitable software, for future commercial development. 9. Proper analysis of daily body weight and milk yield data can provide the necessary information on body condition changes during lactation, until a direct BC measurement device is developed. 10. In any case, at least one visual BC assessment has to be done, preferably immediately after calving, for calibration purposes.
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