Academic literature on the topic 'Dry matter accumulation'
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Journal articles on the topic "Dry matter accumulation"
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Przulj, N., and V. Momčilović. "Dry matter and nitrogen accumulation and use in spring barley." Plant, Soil and Environment 49, No. 1 (December 10, 2011): 36–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4087-pse.
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During growth, kernel of cereals can be provided with carbohydrate and nitrogen (N) from the translocation of pre-anthesis accumulated reserves stored either in the vegetative plant parts or from current assimilation during kernel development. This study was conducted to assess the effects of nitrogen level and cultivars on dry matter and N accumulation and mobilization during pre-anthesis and post-anthesis. Twenty two-rowed spring barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) cultivars were grown on a non-calcareous chernozem soil in four growing seasons (1995–1998) atNovi Sad (45°20'N, 15°51'E,86 m a.s.l.) at two nitrogen levels. Dry matter accumulation before anthesis ranged from less than 50% in unfavorable to 90% in favorable growing conditions. Dry matter translocation occurred in favorable growing conditions only. Pre-anthesis accumulated N represented 57–92% and 54–129% of total N at maturity at the low and high N levels, respectively. Translocated N represented 41–85% and 37–153% of grain N at the low and high N level, respectively. N losses occurred in favorable growing conditions when anthesis N exceeded 150 kg/ha. N accumulation during grain filling was in negative correlation with dry matter and N accumulation before anthesis. The N harvest index was 0.57–0.63 and 0.71–0.74 in unfavorable and favorable growing conditions, respectively. Selection of genotypes with a higher ability of pre-anthesis reserve utilization or genotypes with longer leaf area duration after anthesis may be two possible solutions in spring barley breeding for Mediterranean growing conditions.
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DUARTE, LUIZ OTÁVIO, JUNIA MARIA CLEMENTE, ILÍDIO AUGUSTO BORGES CAIXETA, MARCELO DE PAULA SENOSKI, and LEONARDO ANGELO DE AQUINO. "DRY MATTER AND NUTRIENT ACCUMULATION CURVE IN CABBAGE CROP." Revista Caatinga 32, no. 3 (September 2019): 679–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252019v32n312rc.
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Abstract Cabbage cultivars currently cultivated present high yield potential and may present differences regarding absorption and use of nutrients. Thus, studies quantifying plant growth and nutrient accumulation are the basis to improve fertilization efficiency and optimize yield. This study aimed to determine the dry matter and nutrient (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Cu, Fe, Mn, and Zn) accumulation curve of cabbage cultivars during two growing seasons. Cultivars Astrus Plus and Green Valley were cultivated during summer-autumn crop season, while Astrus Plus and Fênix during the autumn-winter crop season. Plants were sampled after transplanting at 10-day intervals until harvest. Dry matter and nutrient accumulations are variable with growing season and cultivar. The highest dry matter and nutrient accumulation rates occur in the last ten days of the cycle. Fertilizations with N, P, K, Fe, and Zn should receive more attention due to higher harvest indices.
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Tollenaar, M. "Response of Dry Matter Accumulation in Maize to Temperature: I. Dry Matter Partitioning." Crop Science 29, no. 5 (September 1989): 1239–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1989.0011183x002900050030x.
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Hassan, F. U., and M. H. Leitch. "Dry Matter Accumulation in Linseed (Linum usitatissimum L.)*." Journal of Agronomy and Crop Science 187, no. 2 (September 10, 2001): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1439-037x.2001.00504.x.
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Sanghera, Amritpal Kaur, and S. K. Thind S K Thind. "Dry Matter Accumulation and Partitioning in Wheat Genotypes as Affected by Sowing Date Mediated Heat Stress." International Journal of Scientific Research 3, no. 8 (June 1, 2012): 3–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15373/22778179/august2014/2.
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Menezes, Sirleide Maria de, Gerônimo Ferreira da Silva, Manassés Mesquita da Silva, José Edson Florentino de Morais, José Amilton Santos Júnior, Dimas Menezes, and Mário Monteiro Rolim. "Continuous and pulse fertigation on dry matter production and nutrient accumulation in coriander." DYNA 87, no. 212 (January 1, 2020): 18–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v87n212.78569.
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This study aimed to evaluate the dry matter production and nutrient accumulation of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under pulse and continuous fertigation depths. The experiment was conducted in randomized blocks in 2 x 5 factorial arrangement, with three replicates. Treatments consisted of two types of fertigation application (pulse and continuous) and five fertigation depths (40, 60, 80, 100 and 120% of crop evapotranspiration – ETc). Highest accumulations of dry matter, N, P, K, Fe, Mn, Cu and Zn were obtained with pulse fertigation. Pulse fertigation combined with depths lower than 100% ETc led to highest accumulations of K, Mn, Cu and Zn. The accumulation of nutrients decreased in the following order: K > N > Ca > P > Mg > S > Fe > Mn > Zn > Cu.
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Hanson, W. D. "Control of Dry Matter Accumulation in Soybean Seeds 1." Crop Science 26, no. 6 (November 1986): 1195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1986.0011183x002600060025x.
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Board, James E., and Harikrishna Modali. "Dry Matter Accumulation Predictors for Optimal Yield in Soybean." Crop Science 45, no. 5 (September 2005): 1790–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci2004.0602.
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Goenaga, Ricardo J., and Heber Irizarry. "Accumulation and Partitioning of Dry Matter in Water Yam." Agronomy Journal 86, no. 6 (November 1994): 1083–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj1994.00021962008600060029x.
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Mohamed, Elsaid M. E., Maristela Watthier, José C. Zanuncio, and Ricardo H. S. Santos. "Dry matter accumulation and potato productivity with green manure." Idesia (Arica), ahead (2017): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.4067/s0718-34292017005000016.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Dry matter accumulation"
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Unrah, B. L., J. C. Silvertooth, A. J. Steger, and E. R. Norton. "Dry Matter Accumulation by Upland and Pima Cotton." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/209597.
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Several investigations of dry matter accumulation by Upland cotton (Gossvpium hirsutum L.) have been conduced, however no investigations of this type have included American Pima cotton (G. barbadense L.). We conducted a study to describe the total dry matter accumulation and partitioning of that dry matter into various plant parts for both Upland and Pima cotton. During the growing seasons of 1990, 1991, and 1992 at two south-central Arizona locations, both Upland (var. DPL 90) and Pima (var. S-6) cotton were grown. Beginning 14 to 20 d after emergence, whole cotton plants were removed and cotton plants were separated into stems, leaves (including petioles), burs (carpel walls), lint, and seeds. The bur fraction, also included squares, flowers, immature bolls, and burs from mature bolls, Regression analyses was used to model nutrient uptake as a function of both days after planting (DAP) and heat units after planting (HUAP). Regression analyses indicated that HUAP was equally good, and in most cases superior to using DAP to model dry matter accumulation and partitioning within both Upland and Pima cotton. The general patterns of dry matter partitioning for Upland and Pima cotton are similar. However, Upland and Pima differ in the relative amount of dry matter incorporated into reproductive (bur, seed, and lint) and vegetative (leaf and stem) structures. Upland cotton produced 3527 lb /acre more total dry matter than Pima cotton. At the end of this study the vegetative /reproductive ratio for Upland was 83% compared to 70% for Pima. Upland was also more efficient at partitioning lint dry matter within the total dry matter of the reproductive structures. Dry matter incorporated into reproductive structures was 23% lint for Upland, compared to only 14% lint in Pima cotton. In summary, Upland placed more total dry matter into reproductive structures, and of the amount placed into reproductive structures, a greater proportion was incorporated into lint, when compared to Pima cotton.
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Mishiyi, Sibongile Gift. "Nodulation, dry matter accumulation and grain yield of cowpea and lablab varieties under sole and intercropping system with maize." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/694.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Agronomy )) --University of Limpopo, 2007Intercropping is the growing of two or more crops simultaneously on the same field, and it is a common traditional practice among resource-poor farmers throughout the Limpopo Province of South Africa. Field studies were conducted at two locations in the province namely, the University of Limpopo experimental farm at Syferkuil, and a farmer’s field at Dalmada during the 2002/2003 growing season, to determine patterns of nodulation in cowpea and lablab varieties under sole culture and in an intercropping system with maize, variety SNK2147 and also to assess biomass accumulation and grain yielding abilities of the component crops in the system. The experiments were established as a randomized complete block design with three replications at each location. Treatments examined were sole maize, two cowpea cultivars: Bechuana white and Glenda; two lablab cultivars, Rongai and Common. The legumes were intercropped alternately within 90 cm inter-row spacing of maize, thus creating a distance of 45 cm between the maize and the legume rows. Cropping system had no effect on cowpea grain yield at Syferkuil, but at Dalmada cowpea yield was reduced. Maize grain yield was significantly affected by the cropping system at both Syferkuil and Dalmada. At both locations, the yields of all the intercropped maize were lower than those of the sole crop maize. The dry matter production of different cropping systems was generally similar during the different sampling dates.
the National Research Foundation,and the Gauteng Department of Agriculture Conservation and Environment
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Ramoroka, Mokgadi Mizen. "Grain yield, gravimetric moisture content, dry matter accumulation and chlorophyll production in maize-legume intercrop under minimum and conventional tillage systems." Thesis, University of Limpopo (Turfloop Campus), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/639.
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Thesis (M.Sc. (Agriculture)) --University of Limpopo, 2008Maize is a dominant crop in smallholder farming systems in the Limpopo province of South Africa, generally cultivated as intercrop with grain legumes. The major constraint in this cropping system is inadequate soil moisture during the growing season, which also limits nutrient availability to the component crops. The minimum tillage system has been reported to improve soil moisture availability on farmers’ fields but this has not yet been verified in an intercropping system in the province. The objective of this study was to quantify grain yield and chlorophyll production of intercropped maize, and to assess seasonal moisture availability under minimum tillage (MT) and conventional tillage (CT) systems. Dryland field experiments were conducted at two locations in the province namely, farmer’s field at Dalmada in 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 growing seasons and at the University of Limpopo Experimental farm at Syferkuil during the 2003/2004. The experimental design was a randomized complete block in split plot arrangement at all locations and seasons. Tillage systems consisting of conventional tillage and minimum tillage were the main plot treatments, whereas five different cropping systems namely, sole maize, and maize intercrop with cowpea (variety, Bechuana White), cowpea (variety, Agripers), Lablab bean (variety, Rongai) and Velvet bean were assigned as sub-plot treatments. Maize grain yield in 2002/2003 at Dalmada was significantly lower (357 kg/ha) under CT relative to 755kg/ha under MT. In 2003/2004 at Dalmada, grain yields under the two systems were similar, where as at Syferkuil, 15% higher grain yield results was obtained under MT. Minimum tillage systems resulted in higher number of maize cobs per plant at Dalmada in both growing seasons and weight per cob was higher under MT at both locations and seasons. At Dalmada, significantly higher soil moisture was recorded under the MT relative to the CT depending on depth and sampling dates. Chlorophyll content of the youngest fully expanded leaves of maize was generally higher under MT than CT, but this was observed only at the later stages of plant growth. The results also showed that the rate of senescence (reduced chlorophyll content in older leaves) was higher in maize plants grown under CT relative to those under MT. The minimum tillage system has shown the potential of being a superior system for dryland maize production, but further research involving additional locations is required to ascertain this fact.
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Buss, Terry J. "Effects of co-inoculation with Bacillus cereus UW85 and (Brady)Rhizobia on the nodulation, nitrogen fixation and dry matter accumulation of grain legumes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ32067.pdf.
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Bustamante, Alavi Julio César. "Evaluation of the nutritional quality of twelve species of grass tolerant to salt and drought in function to their dry matter accumulation curve in the Tamborada region." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2007. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/5336.
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Currently, livestock production in the Andean highlands of Bolivia is done with low food efficiency due to the free range grazing system. This in turn leads to nutritional deficiencies. Therefore, it is necessary to substitute these grass species for others that fulfill nutritional requirements. Our main objective was to determine the species of grass with the best nutritional quality. Of the 12 species, only 11 were analyzed because the species Didtichlis stricta did not germinate. Five monthly samples were taken after the cut (ddc) at the following intervals: 50, 81, 112, 141, and 176 days. These samples were analyzed in the Laboratory of Animal Nutrition via the Weende method. After analyzing the results statistically, it was determined that Agrophyrum elongatum and Festuca aranduniceae were the species that had the highest dry matter yields (9.74 and 8.78 t/ha-1 respectively). In addition, they had higher content of ash, fats, protein, fiber carbohydrates, total digestible nutrients, and digestible energy than the other species also considered as forage with good nutritional quality. We also found that dry matter yield was highest at 209 and 193 days after the cut (ddc).
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Milan, Mirosavljević. "Varijabilnost filohrona i akumulacije suve materije različitih genotipova pšenice i ječma." Phd thesis, Univerzitet u Novom Sadu, Poljoprivredni fakultet u Novom Sadu, 2016. https://www.cris.uns.ac.rs/record.jsf?recordId=101168&source=NDLTD&language=en.
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Prinos zrna predstavlja jednu od najznačajnijih i najsloženijih osobina u oplemenjivanju biljaka. Poznavanje razvića, rastenja i akumulacije suve materije, omogućava pravilan odabir genotipova i odgovarajuće tehnologije gajenja. Cilj istraživanja je bio da se izvrši ispitivanje filohrona, akumulacije i translokacije suve materije nadzemnog dela biljaka, prinosa zrna i komponenti prinosa, različitih genotipova ozime pšenice i ječma sejanih u više rokova setve i vegetacionih sezona. Zatim da se utvrdi odgovarajuća jednačina koja opisuje akumulaciju suve materije i pojavu listova na glavnom stablu ječma i pšenice u funkciji sume temperatura tokom različitih rokova setve i vegetacionih sezona. U ogled je bilo uključeno po šest genotipova ozimog dvoredog ječma i ozime pšenice različitog porekla, pedigrea i agronomskih osobina, sejanih dve sezone u četiri roka setve. Sredinom cvetanja i u punoj zrelosti, uzeto je 10 slučajno odabranih biljaka. Na uzetim biljkama određena je masa pojedinačnih organa i komponente prinosa, kao i translokacija suve materije i doprinos asimilata akumuliranih pre cvetanja u masi zrna. Za utvrđivanje filohrona i ukupnog broja listova, dva puta nedeljno se očitavao broj listova na obeleženim biljkama tokom čitave sezone. Istovremeno se uzimao i uzorak od pet biljaka u cilju praćenja akumulacije suve materije. Sezona, rok setve i sorta su imali značajan uticaj na variranje ukupnog broja listova i filohrona kod ječma i pšenice. U proseku, sorte ječma su formirale više listova u odnosu na pšenicu, dok se pšenica karakteriše dužim filohronom. Kasnija setva dovela je do značajnog smanjenja broja listova i skraćenja filohrona kod obe vrste. U zavisnosti od sezone, roka setve, sorte i njihove interakcije menjala se i biomasa biljaka u cvetanju i prinos zrna. Translokacija suve materije je bila u pozitivnoj korelaciji sa biomasom biljaka u cvetanju. Akumulacija biomase nadzemnog dela biljaka tokom sezone, pratila je tipičan sigmoidni obrazac u svim kombinacijama rokova setve i sorti. Od tri posmatrane nelinearne jednačine, Logistička jednačina se pokazala najprikladnijom za opisivanje akumulacije suvematerije tokom sezone kod ječma i pšenice. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju na značaj vegetativne mase biljaka u cvetanju, koja predstavlja bitan izvor asimilata za translokaciju u zrno. Ovi rezultati ukazuju da je tokom oplemenjivanja strnih žita, neophodno stvarati genotipove sa većim brojem listova koji bolje nakupljaju biomasu, odnosno genotipove koji će u optimalnom roku setve, imati usklađen fenološki razvoj sa agroekološkim uslovima u području Panonske nizije.Grain yield is one of the most important and complex traits in plant breeding. Knowledge about crop development, growth and dry matter accumulation enables the appropriate selection of genotypes and field technology. The aims of this study were to investigate the variability of phyllochron, dry matter accumulation and translocation, grain yield and yield components of various wheat and barley genotypes, in relation to the sowing date and growing season. Furthermore, the goal was to find the equation that would appropriately describe dry matter accumulation and leaf appearance of wheat and barley. Six winter barley and six winter wheat genotypes, characterized by different origin, pedigree and agronomic traits, were sown in two growing seasons across four sowing dates. At the anthesis and physiological maturity, 10 randomly selected plants were manually cut at ground level. Dry mass of different plant organs, yield components, dry matter translocation and contribution of pre-heading dry matter to grain yield were determined. To determine the leaf number and phyllochron, measuring was done according to the Haun scale on three tagged plants per replication three times per week. Also, samples consisting of five plants were collected to determine dry matter accumulation. Growing season, sowing date and variety had significant influence on the final leaf number and phyllochron of wheat and barley. At average, barley varieties had more leaf compared to wheat, while wheat had higher phyllochron values. Late sowing reduced the final leaf number and phyllochron in both barley and wheat. Furthermore, growing season, sowing date, variety and sowing date × variety interaction had significant influence on crop biomass at anthesis and grain yield. Dry matter translocation was in positive correlation with dry matter content at anthesis. Dry matter accumulation across growing seasons had a typical sigmoid pattern in every combination of sowing date and variety. Among studied models, the logistic equation was the most appropriate for description of dry matter accumulation in wheat and barley. Results from this study highlight the importance of dry matter content at anthesis, which represent a significant source of assimilates for translocation into the grain. These results indicated that during the selection of small grain cereals, it is necessary to develop genotypes characterized by higher leaf number and increased biomass, i.e. genotypes that in optimal sowing dates, have an adjusted phenological development to the agro-ecological conditions of the Panonian plane.
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Nuro, Atumane. "Absorção de nutrientes pela cultura de lulo (Solanum quitoense Lam. variedade septentrionale)." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2012. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4579.
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This work examines the accumulation of nutrients of the lulo plants under field conditions. The work was carried out from November 2010 to July 2011, at the precipice orchard belonging to the Federal University of Viçosa, in Viçosa, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The experimental design was in randomized complete blocks with four replications. The treatment consisted of fifteen collection dates, beginning 30 days after transplanting (DAT), at 15 day intervals. The collected plants were fractionated into leaves, stems and fruits, dried and subjected to determination of nutrients concentration (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Mn). From the concentration of this nutrients and dry mass of the leaves, stem and fruits, it was determined the accumulation of nutrients in different parts of plants and total plant in each time. It was evaluated: dry matter accumulation in leaves, branches, fruits and total. The fruits provided higher production of dry mass in comparation to other organs. In the crop, at 240 days after transplanting (DAT), 45% of dry matter was allocated in the fruits 35% in the leaves and 20% in the stem. N and Fe were the macro and Micronutrients more absorved on the plant. The order of accumulation of nutrients was 28,684; 23,182; 9,148; 3,762; 1,846; 1,736 g.planta-1, respectively, for K, N, Ca, Mg, P, S e 442, 67; 80, 56; 30, 76; 6,63 mg.planta-1, respectively for Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu. The nutrients N, K, P, Ca, S and Cu accumulated preferentially in the fruits, while Mg, Fe, Zn and Mn accumulated in vegetative part. The period of large absorption of N and K of plants lulo was between 165 and 240 day after transplanting date, respectively.
Este trabalho teve como objetivo determinar o acúmulo de nutrientes pela cultura de lulo desenvolvida em condições de campo. O trabalho foi realizado no período de novembro de 2010 a julho de 2011, no pomar do Fundão pertencente a Universidade Federal de Viçosa, no município de Viçosa, Estado de Minas Gerais, Brasil. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos consistiram em quinze épocas de coletas iniciadas aos 30 dias após o transplantio, com intervalo entre coletas de 15 dias. As plantas coletadas foram fracionadas em folhas, caule e frutos; secas e submetidas a determinação das concentrações de nutrientes (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Fe, Cu, Zn e Mn). A partir das concentrações desses nutrientes, e da massa seca de folhas, caule e frutos determinou-se o acúmulo de nutrientes em cada época. Foram avaliados: acúmulo de massa seca nas folhas, caule, frutos e total. Aos 240 dias após o transplantio (DAT), 45% da massa seca alocou-se nos frutos, 35% no caule e 20% nas folhas. O K e o Fe foram os macro e micronutrientes mais absorvidos pela planta. O acúmulo de nutrientes pelas plantas de lulo por ordem decrescente foi de 28,684; 23,182; 9,148; 3,762; 1,846; 1,736 g.planta-1, respectivamente para K, N, Ca, Mg, P, S e 442, 67; 80,56; 30,76; 6,63 mg.planta-1, respectivamente para Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu. Os nutrientes N, K, P, Ca, S e Cu acumularam-se preferencialmente nos frutos, enquanto Mg, Zn, Mn e Fe na parte vegetativa. O período de maior absorção de N e K pelas plantas de lulo foi entre 165-240 dias após o transplantio.
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Fabbris, Cristiano. "DEJETO LÍQUIDO DE SUÍNOS E MANEJOS DE SOLO NA SUCESSÃO AVEIA/MILHO/TRIGO DUPLO PROPÓSITO/SOJA." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2013. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/4920.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível SuperiorSwine production in southern Brazil is concentrated on small farms, seeking the recovery of waste as a source of nutrients crops of economic interest. The interaction between applications of pig slurry and soil management is common on small farms, however scarce information was found about the main responses of agricultural crops under this condition. Thus, the present work aimed to evaluate the use of pig slurry, associated with soil management in succession oat / maize and double purpose wheat / soybean. The experimental design was a factorial in a randomized complete block design, with four replications. The treatments consisted of doses of pig slurry (without manure, 20, 40, 80 m3 ha-1), and mineral fertilizer in three different soil management: no tillage, chiseling and chiseling + disking. The application of pig slurry was held before oat/maize and wheat crops sowing, and the soil management employed only before the establishment of winter crops. The application of pig slurry in succession oat / maize showed increases in dry matter yield, and in the accumulation of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and in the grain yield. As for soil management, no-tillage favored the production of oat dry matter yield and soybean grain yield. However, the dual-purpose wheat proved to be low responsive to soil management employed. As for maize, the interaction between higher doses of pig slurry and with tillage managements promotes increases in grain yield. The application of pig slurry before the dual purpose wheat sowing promoted increases in dry matter production and grain yield. The residual effect of five applications of pig slurry does not alter the soybean grain yield.
A produção de suínos no Sul do Brasil concentra-se em pequenas propriedades rurais, que buscam o aproveitamento dos resíduos como fonte de nutrientes as culturas agrícolas de interesse econômico. Aplicação de dejeto líquido de suínos e manejos de solo diferenciados é comum em pequenas propriedades rurais, no entanto são escassas informações sob as repostas das principais culturas agrícolas frente a esta condição. Nesse sentido, o trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a influência do uso de dejeto líquido de suínos, associado a manejos de solo na sucessão aveia/milho e trigo duplo propósito/soja. O delineamento experimental foi de blocos ao acaso em esquema fatorial, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos constaram da interação de doses de dejeto líquido de suínos (sem dejeto, 20, 40, 80 m3 ha-1), e adubação mineral, em três diferentes manejos de solo: plantio direto, escarificado e escarificação + gradagem. A aplicação do dejeto líquido de suínos foi realizada antes da semeadura das culturas aveia, milho e trigo, os manejos de solo realizados antes do estabelecimento das culturas de inverno. A aplicação de dejeto líquido de suínos na sucessão aveia/milho promoveu incrementos na produção de matéria seca, no acúmulo de nitrogênio, fósforo e potássio, e na produtividade de grãos. Quanto aos manejos de solo, o plantio direto favoreceu a produção de matéria seca da aveia e a produtividade de grãos de soja. Já para o milho, a interação entre maiores doses de dejeto líquido de suínos e manejos com revolvimento do solo promove incrementos na produtividade de grãos. A aplicação do dejeto líquido de suínos antes da semeadura do trigo duplo propósito promove incrementos na produção de matéria seca e na produtividade de grãos. O efeito residual de cinco aplicações de dejeto líquido de suínos não altera a produtividade de grãos de soja.
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Silva, Wilton Ladeira da. "Morfogênese, características estruturais e acúmulo de forragem em pastos de capim-Tifton-85 manejados com diferentes IAF residual /." Jaboticabal : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/96545.
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Orientadora: Ana Cláudia RuggieriBanca: André Fischer Sbrissia
Banca: Kleber Tomás de Resende
Resumo: A produção de forragem é influenciada pelas estratégias de manejo impostas a ela, desta maneira, as técnicas para identificação do melhor momento para início e término do pastejo, aliadas aos estudos das características morfogênicas e estruturais das plantas, tornam-se úteis para direcionamento do manejo, pois buscam auxiliar no melhor entendimento do crescimento vegetal, e por conseqüência, da produção forrageira. O experimento foi realizado no setor de Forragicultura, em área pertencente à FCAV da UNESP - Jaboticabal no período de dezembro de 2008 a abril de 2009, com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito de índices de área foliar residual (IAFr) sobre as características morfogênicas e estruturais, além do acúmulo de forragem em pastos de Cynodon spp cv Tifton-85 sob regime de lotação rotacionada com ovinos. Os tratamentos foram constituídos por três IAFr, 2,4, 1,6 e 0,8, mantidos por regime de lotação rotacionada com ovinos. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos completos casualizados em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas no tempo com sete repetições, totalizando 21 unidades experimentais. Foram avaliadas nas condições de pré e pós-pastejo, as alturas do dossel, os IAF e a massa de forragem, além da taxa de acúmulo de forragem e as características morfogênicas e estruturais dos pastos. No pré e pós-pastejo as alturas médias e o IAF do dossel se comportaram de forma análoga, decrescendo com a diminuição dos IAFr. O maior valor de interceptação luminosa no pós-pastejo (68,19%), foi verificado para o IAFr 2,4 e o menor valor (35,57%) para o IAFr 0,8. A taxa de aparecimento de folhas foi maior para o dossel mantido sob IAFr 0,8 em função da sua menor taxa de alongamento de colmos (0,51 cm/perfilho.dia). Os pastos mantidos sob IAFr 0,8 apresentaram maior densidade populacional de perfilhos. A massa de forragem seca... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The production of forage is influenced by handling strategies imposed on the techniques to identify the best moment for the beginning and ending of grazing, linked to the studies of morphogenetic and structural characteristics of plants, become useful tools for the directing of management for they aim to aid the best understanding of vegetal growth, and as consequence, forage plants. The experiment was conducted at Setor de Forragicultura at Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias de Jaboticabal, at UNESP - Jaboticabal from December 2008 to April 2009, and aimed to evaluate the effect of residual leaf area index (LAIr) about the morphogenical and structural characteristics, and forage accumulation in pastures of Cynodon spp cv Tifton-85 in a rotational stocking system with sheep. The treatments were constituted by three LAIr, 2,4, 1,6 e 0,8, maintained by rotational stocking with sheep. A complete randomized block design was used arranged in sub-divided parcels with seven replications, totaling 21 experimental units. They were evaluated in pre and post-grazing conditions, the height of the sward, LAI and forage mass, besides the accumulation of forage rate and the morphogenetic and structural characteristics. In the pre and post-grazing, the average height and the LAI of sward, decreasing with the diminishing of LAIr. The biggest value of light interception in post-grazing (68,19%), was verified by LAIr 2,4 and the smallest value (35,57%) for LAIr 0,8. The stem elongation rate (0,51 cm/tiller.day). The grazing maintained by LAIr 0,8 had higher tiller population density. The total dry forage mass was 27,1% superior for LAIr 2,4 regarding to LAIr 0,8 in pre-grazing conditions, being this total production, 72,0% was composed by stem fractions and dead material. The biggest rates of dry matter accumulation were observed with LAIr 2.4, in the second and third grazing cycles... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
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Freitas, Rômulo Magno Oliveira de. "Crescimento e produção de feijão-caupi sob efeito de veranico nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional." Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, 2012. http://bdtd.ufersa.edu.br:80/tede/handle/tede/61.
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The cowpea crop has great importance for the Brazilian Northeast, especially for the poorest population. One of the major problems encountered for this crop is drought stress caused by erratic rainfall, coupled with the high temperatures common in this region. The no-tillage system has features, such as reduction of soil water evaporation, higher water retention and lower soil temperature fluctuations, and can be a way to minimize the water stress in a cowpea crop. Thus, this study aims to obtain information on growth, yield components and cowpea yield under moisture stress in no-tillage and conventional crop systems. For this purpose an experiment was conducted at Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Arido, in a split plot with randomized complete blocks design with four replications, using the cowpea cultivar BRS Guariba, and no-tillage and conventional crop systems treatments. For the dry spells simulation, irrigation systems has been suspended at 34 days after sowing, during the onset of flowering, for periods of 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22 days, after what the irrigation was resumed. To evaluate the effect of the crop systems and moisture stress on growth, samples were taken between 15 and 64 days after sowing, in the treatments with and without irrigation (22 days duration). The evaluation of yield components (pod length, number of grains per pod, number of pods per plant and hundred grains weight) and yield was performed at 70 days after sowing. The tillage systems influenced the leaf area, and stem leaf, pod and plant dry weight. The growth rates were influenced by the plant phenological phase (age) and by water stress. The highest growth rates were achieved in the no-tillage system. Water stress affected negatively all the variables, regardless of tillage system. The no-tillage system was more productive both for the irrigated and the stress treatments. The dry spells periods affected grain yield and all other yield components studied in a negative way, except for the hundred grains weight. Among the systems studied, the no-tillage system provides higher values for the yield components, except for the hundred grains weight
A cultura do feijão-caupi possui grande importância para a região Nordeste, principalmente para a população mais carente. Um dos grandes problemas encontrados para essa cultura é o estresse hídrico, provocado pela irregularidade das chuvas, aliado a altas temperaturas, comuns a esta região. O sistema de plantio direto possui características como redução da evaporação da água do solo, maior retenção do solo e menores oscilações da temperatura, e pode ser uma forma de minimizar o efeito do estresse hídrico para a cultura do feijão-caupi. Deste modo, o presente trabalho se propõe a obter informações relativas ao crescimento, componentes da produção e rendimento de feijão-caupi sob veranico nos sistemas de plantio direto e convencional. Para isso, foi realizado, na Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, um experimento em delineamento de blocos completos casualizados em parcelas subdivididas com 4 repetições, utilizando-se a cultivar de feijão-caupi BRS Guariba em plantio direto e convencional. Para aplicação do veranico, a irrigação foi suspensa nos sistemas aos 34 dias após a semeadura por períodos de 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 e 22 dias sem irrigação, ocasião em que foi verificado o início do florescimento. Para avaliar o efeito dos sistemas e do veranico no crescimento, foram realizadas coletas entre os 15 e 64 dias após a semeadura, nos tratamentos com e sem irrigação (22 dias de duração). A avaliação dos componentes de produção (comprimento de vagem, número de grãos por vagem, número de vagens por planta e peso de cem grãos) e rendimento de grãos foi realizada aos 70 dias após a semeadura. Os sistemas de plantio influenciam o crescimento da área foliar, da matéria seca do caule, de folhas, de vagens e total do feijão-caupi. Os índices de crescimento são influenciados pela fase fenológica da planta (idade) e pelo estresse hídrico. As maiores taxas de crescimento foram alcançadas no sistema de plantio direto. O estresse hídrico afetanegativamente todas as variáveis avaliadas, independentemente do sistema de plantio. O sistema de plantio direto é mais produtivo do que o convencional quando em irrigação e em condição de estresse. Os períodos de veranico influenciaram o rendimento de grãos e todos os componentes de produção estudados de forma negativa, com exceção do peso de cem grãos. Entre os sistemas estudados, o direto é o que proporciona maiores valores para os componentes de produção, exceto peso de cem grãos
Books on the topic "Dry matter accumulation"
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Ditsch, D. C. Effect of clipping on dry matter accumulation, forage quality and legume persistence on reclaimed surface mine lands. S.l: s.n, 1993.
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Robert, Sattell, and Oregon State University. Extension Service., eds. Cover crop dry matter and nitrogen accumulation in Western Oregon. [Corvallis, Or.]: Oregon State University Extension Service, 1999.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Dry matter accumulation"
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Tichá, Ingrid, J. Čatský, Damuše Hodáňová, Jana Pospišilivá, M. Kaše, and Z. Šesták. "Gas Exchange and Dry Matter Accumulation during Leaf Development." In Photosynthesis during leaf development, 157–216. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5530-1_8.
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Xu, Lei, Peiling Yang, Shumei Ren, Tao Zhang, and Yuguo Han. "Dynamic Simulation Model for Production and Dry Matter Accumulation in Peanut." In IFIP Advances in Information and Communication Technology, 245–52. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0209-2_26.
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Eastin, John A. "Dry Matter Accumulation Activities of Plants - Their Relationship to Potential Productivity." In ASA Special Publications, 1–19. Madison, WI, USA: American Society of Agronomy, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/asaspecpub9.c1.
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Araus, J. L., L. Tapia, J. Azcon-Bieto, and A. Caballero. "Photosynthesis, Nitrogen Levels, and Dry Matter Accumulation in Flag Wheat Leaves During Grain Filling." In Biological Control of Photosynthesis, 199–207. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4384-1_18.
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Igarashi, Yuki, Shoji Nakagawa, and Hideharu Yamamoto. "Evaluation of dry matter production and nutrient-element accumulation of several summer-growing green manure crops." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment, 647–48. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_207.
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Barreiro, Roberto, and Kanwarpal S. Dhugga. "From Cellulose to Mechanical Strength: Relationship of the Cellulose Synthase Genes to Dry Matter Accumulation in Maize." In Cellulose: Molecular and Structural Biology, 63–83. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-5380-1_5.
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Liu, Juan, Xiaoli Zhao, Shuping Xiong, Xinming Ma, Yanfeng Wang, and Jing Wang. "Research on Prediction Model and Characteristic Parameters on Dry Matter Accumulation in Wheat Based on Normalized Method and Grey System." In Computer and Computing Technologies in Agriculture VI, 142–49. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36137-1_18.
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"An Empirical Model for Dry Matter Accumulation of Cucumber in Solar Greenhouse." In International e-Conference of Computer Science 2006, 451–53. CRC Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b12168-111.
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Fisk, Melany C., and Paul D. Brooks. "Nitrogen Cycling." In Structure and Function of an Alpine Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117288.003.0019.
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In this chapter, we discuss the current understanding of internal N cycling, or the flow of N through plant and soil components, in the Niwot Ridge alpine ecosystem. We consider the internal N cycle largely as the opposing processes of uptake and incorporation of N into organic form and mineralization of N from organic to inorganic form. We will outline the major organic pools in which N is stored and discuss the transfers of N into and from those pools. With a synthesis of information regarding the various N pools and relative turnover of N through them, we hope to provide greater understanding of the relative function of different components of the alpine N cycle. Because of the short growing season, cold temperatures, and water regimes tending either toward very dry or very wet extremes, the alpine tundra is not a favorable ecosystem for either production or decomposition. Water availability, temperature, and nutrient availability (N in particular) all can limit alpine plant growth (chapter 9). Cold soils also inhibit decomposition so that N remains bound in organic matter and is unavailable for plant uptake (chapter 11). Consequently, N cycling in the alpine often is presumed to be slow and conservative (Rehder 1976a, 1976b; Holzmann and Haselwandter 1988). Nonetheless, studies reveal large spatial variation in primary production and N cycling in alpine tundra across gradients of snowpack accumulation, growing season water availability, and plant species composition (May and Webber, 1982, Walker et al., 1994, Bowman, 1994, Fisk et al. 1998; chapter 9). Furthermore, evidence for relatively large N transformations under seasonal snowcover (Brooks et al., 1995a, 1998) and maintenance of high microbial biomass in frozen soils (Lipson et al. 1999a) provide a complex temporal component of N cycling on Niwot Ridge. Our discussion of N cycling on Niwot Ridge will focus on two main points: first, the spatial variation in N turnover in relation to snowpack regimes and plant community distributions; and second, the temporal variability of N transformations during both snow-free and snow-covered time periods.
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Hinzman, Larry D., and Kevin C. Petrone. "Watershed Hydrology and Chemistry in the Alaskan Boreal Forest: The Central Role of Permafrost." In Alaska's Changing Boreal Forest. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195154313.003.0023.
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Hydrological processes exert strong control over biological and climatic processes in every ecosystem. They are particularly important in the boreal zone, where the average annual temperatures of the air and soil are relatively near the phase-change temperature of water (Chapter 4). Boreal hydrology is strongly controlled by processes related to freezing and thawing, particularly the presence or absence of permafrost. Flow in watersheds underlain by extensive permafrost is limited to the near-surface active layer and to small springs that connect the surface with the subpermafrost groundwater. Ice-rich permafrost, near the soil surface, impedes infiltration, resulting in soils that vary in moisture content from wet to saturated. Interior Alaska has a continental climate with relatively low precipitation (Chapter 4). Soils are typically aeolian or alluvial (Chapter 3). Consequently, in the absence of permafrost, infiltration is relatively high, yielding dry surface soils. In this way, discontinuous permafrost distribution magnifies the differences in soil moisture that might normally occur along topographic gradients. Hydrological processes in the boreal forest are unique due to highly organic soils with a porous organic mat on the surface, short thaw season, and warm summer and cold winter temperatures. The surface organic layer tends to be much thicker on north-facing slopes and in valley bottoms than on south-facing slopes and ridges, reflecting primarily the distribution of permafrost. Soils are cooler and wetter above permafrost, which retards decomposition, resulting in organic matter accumulation (Chapter 15). The markedly different material properties of the soil layers also influence hydrology. The highly porous near-surface soils allow rapid infiltration and, on hillsides, downslope drainage. The organic layer also has a relatively low thermal conductivity, resulting in slow thaw below thick organic layers. The thick organic layer limits the depth of thaw each summer to about 50–100 cm above permafrost (i.e., the active layer). As the active layer thaws, the hydraulic properties change. For example, the moisture-holding capacity increases, and additional subsurface layers become available for lateral flow. The mosaic of Alaskan vegetation depends not only on disturbance history (Chapter 7) but also on hydrology (Chapter 6).
Conference papers on the topic "Dry matter accumulation"
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Nicolae, Marian. "DEDICATED SOFTWARE - MICROCAL ORIGIN FOR POLYNOMIAL INTERPOLATION IN RHYTHM OF ACCUMULATION A DRY MATTER OF VINE." In 15th International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference SGEM2015. Stef92 Technology, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2015/b61/s25.053.
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MALINAUSKAITĖ, Regina, and Edvardas KAZLAUSKAS. "INVESTIGATION OF SOW LENTIL REACTION TO IONIZED ALKALINE WATER DURING EARLY STAGES OF ONTOGENESIS." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.020.
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Plant physiological processes related to plant growth and development strongly depends on the environmental stress factors. Response to stress appears as a complex of different reactions with a particular feedback on plants. Influence of ionized alkaline water to sow lentil physiological reactions was investigated by analyzing changes in biomass accumulation, assimilates partitioning and pigment content. Ionized alkaline water at (8.4 pH) was applied during 6–7 and 8–9 leaves development stage. According to experiment results, at the latest stage of investigation, ionized alkaline water increased lens dry matter content more than 1.44 times. During experimental time increase in dry matter content was 13.96 %, when control plants gained only 3.47 %. Ionized alkaline water application resulted in 8.58 % significantly higher root dry matter content compare to control variant. Results of our experiment revealed the significant effect of ionized alkaline water to chlorophyll content. Chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in control plants had a tendency to decline, whereas in experimental variant with ionized water, increase in pigment concentration was observed.
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Leukhina, О. V., V. D. Dmitrieva, and V. I. Panarina. "ASSAY OF RESPONSIVENESS OF THE DIFFERENT SOYBEAN CULTIVARS ON APPLICATION OF BIOPREPARATIONS “BIOTERRA” GROWTH ENERGY AND GUMISTIM." In 11-я Всероссийская конференция молодых учёных и специалистов «Актуальные вопросы биологии, селекции, технологии возделывания и переработки сельскохозяйственных культур». V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.25230/conf11-2021-195-200.
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We studied responsiveness of the different soybean cultivars bred at the Federal Scientific Center of Legumes and Cereal Crops on application of the bio-fertilizers “Bio-Terra” Growth Energy and Gumistim. These preparations had positive effects on germination energy and laboratory germination of seeds and on development of root system and accumulation of dry matter in soybean plants of the cultivars Lantsetnaya and Shatilovskaya 17.
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ČERNIAUSKIENĖ, Judita, Jurgita KULAITIENĖ, Honorata DANILČENKO, and Elvyra JARIENĖ. "MULCHING IMPACT ON THE QUALITY OF OIL PUMPKIN’S (CUCURBITA PEPO L.) FRUIT." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.034.
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Nutritious value of great (Cucurbita maxima) and musky (Cucurbita moschata) pumpkin pulp has been widely investigated, but chemical and qualitative analysis of pulp of oil pumpkin fruits has been superficial so far. The aim of two years research – to investigate the influence of compost/organic mulch to the quality of organically grown oil seed pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo) fruit quality. In 2013–2014, in Kaunas district farm, oil seed pumpkins cultivars 'Heracles', 'Hamlet', 'Danaja' were grown for research. The aim of two years research – to investigate the influence of compost/organic mulch to the quality of organically grown oil seed pumpkin fruit. Pumpkin seedlings were mulched with 5 and 10 cm thick layer of compost mulch. Standard methods were applied to identify the following: dry matter, soluble dry matter, crude protein, crude fibre and amounts of MADF, NDF, ADF fibre and crude in the pumpkin flesh. The results have determined that 5 and 10 cm compost mulch layer had a significant effect on the amount of dry matter in the pumpkin flesh. Basically, mulching has increased the amount of soluble dry matter in the pumpkin flesh. Crude protein accumulation in the fruit flesh was essentially affected by 5 cm thick layer of compost. Mulching with 5 and 10 cm compost layer has significantly increased the amount of crude fibre in 'Hamlet' and 'Heracles' cultivars. 5 and 10 cm compost mulch had a significant effect on the amount of crude ash. According to the researched indicators set parameters in ecologic system of the researched oil-seed pumpkins, the best cultivator to be grown with organic mulching is 'Hamlet'.
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ПИГАРЕВА, Светлана, Svetlana PIGAREVA, Наталья Зайцева, Natalya Zaitseva, Татьяна ЯГОВЕНКО, and Tat'yana YaGOVENKO. "EFFECT OF THE FUNGICIDE AMISTAR EXTRA ON A NUMBER OF BIOCHEMICAL INDICATORS OF YELLOW LUPIN PLANTS." In Multifunctional adaptive feed production. ru: Federal Williams Research Center of Forage Production and Agroecology, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/mak-2019-21-69-40-44.
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The positive impact of fungicide Amistar extra on a number of physiological parameters is shown. Assimilation surface describes a level of photosynthetic potential and netto prod-uctivity of photosynthesis which increased in 1.07 and 1.09 times. Fungicide impact on nitrogen accumulation and dry matter in a plant was set. Decreasing of the total amount of plant pods was recorded. The treatment increased protein content in seeds of var. Prestizh. Tendency for increasing of alkaloid level in yellow lupin seeds and green mass was noticed.
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Souchet, Alexandra, Julien Fontaine, Jean-Luc Loubet, Hassan Zahouani, Michel Belin, and Michel W. Barsoum. "The Role of Tribofilm Evolution on Tribological Behaviour of Ti3SiC2 Ceramic." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-64267.
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The Ti3SiC2 compound is a thermodynamically stable nano-layered ternary carbide, that belongs to a family of over 50 ternary carbides and nitrides, so-called MAX phases. These phases are a new class of solids that possess a unique combination of properties: they are readily machinable, relatively soft for ceramics, but elastically stiff, and electrically and thermally conductive. However, only very few studies are dedicated to their tribological behavior. This paper presents some results on the tribological behavior of Ti3SiC2. During dry sliding on a Ti3SiC2 plane, a first regime of low friction and mild wear can be observed, with the build-up of a tribofilm on the counterface. Then, while in an apparently steady state, the tribological behavior suddenly turns to higher friction and severe wear of both counterfaces. Combining friction experiments and topographical observations of contacting surfaces during the first regime, we propose some explanations for such drastic transition in tribological behavior. While tribofilm thickness and roughness stabilize in the mild wear regime, the covering of the ball surface still increases. Thus, matter accumulation on the ball finally leads to seizure of the contact.
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Law Adams, Marie, and Daniel Adams. "The Choreography of Piling: Active Industry in the City." In 2016 ACSA International Conference. ACSA Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.35483/acsa.intl.2016.34.
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Gravel, salt, sand, cobbles, and scrap metal – dry bulk materials fundamental to making and maintaining the built environment – are piled in or around coastal cities. The pile is the architecture of the holding stage between a material’s arrival and accumulation from one mode (such as ship or rail) and its distribution into the city through another (most commonly, the truck). Although these piles often approach the scale of large buildings and natural landforms, and their presence is a fixture in the built environment, they are overlooked as a matter of design. In recent decades, some artists and architects have explored piles and pile-making as an abstract formal condition or alternative to conventional modes of formal organization, but engaging the pile as an active form-making structure in the city has been confined to designating territories for piles through use based zoning protocols (“industrial”), or through the construction of containers to enclose them (sheds). Both of these standard practices fail to negotiate the distinctive qualities of piles as a temporary, kinetic, and authentic architecture in the city, and inhibit the collective engagement between the city and an expression of its global material footprint. This paper will explore the morphology of piles and present tactics for engaging them in pursuit of new notions of authenticity, monumentality, and temporality as a byproduct of global flow through three realized projects by our firm, Landing Studio, that choreograph the architecture of industrial road-salt piles in Boston and New York City.
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DAUTARTĖ, Anželika, Vidmantas SPRUOGIS, Romualdas ZEMECKIS, Edmundas BARTKEVIČIUS, and Algirdas GAVENAUSKAS. "THE INFLUENCE OF BIOORGANIC PREPARATIONS ON THE PRODUCTIVITY OF CONVENTIONALY GROWN WINTER RAPE ACTIVATING AND SAVING THE USE OF SYNTHETIC CHEMICALS." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.051.
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The aim was to determine the impact of Raskila bio-organic preparation on the productivity of winter rape ‘Sunday’ grown under conventional system, in order to activate and save the use of treatment Rovral aqua flo and to improve the wintering of plants. The scientific article presents the data of the conventional winter rape ‘Sunday’ growth intensity, plant formation, accumulation of dry matter, seed quality parameters, fertility data and the influence of the use of bioorganic fertilizers e. winter rape 'Sunday' seeds were coated with bioorganic preparations and synthetic treatments, and additionally sprayed with a bioorganic fertilizer solution. Agrotechnics was carried out according to the technology of winter rape growing at Aleksandras Stulginskis University Experimental station. Additional treatment of winter rape seeds and additional spraying with bioorganic fertilizers had a positive influence on the processes of growth and development of winter rape. By combining seed treatments and treatment with bio-organic Raskila fertilizers (3 l for 100 kg) and spray in autumn (3 l ha-1 ), the best results are achieved: the maximum rape seed yield was 3.87 t ha-1 and the best quality production. Bioorganic fertilizers and treatment Rovral aqua flo has significantly increased the following indicators of winter rape ‘Sunday’: the length of the plant (118.16-127.64 cm), the number of branches (6-10), seeds in the silique (28.27), the seed yield (3.16-3.87 t ha-1). The highest seed yield (3.87 l ha-1) was achieved, applying Nagro preparations in the autumn and the Rovral aqua flo treatment and spraying Raskila plants when the rape reaches a height of 5-7 cm (BBCH 10-19). Premium yield was 86.6 % compared to control. Raskila fertilizers and treatment Rovral aqua flo significantly increased the following parameters of winter rape seeds: content of fat (41.52-43.05 %), proteins (20.39-20.91%), glucosinolates decreased from 18.68 to 18.31 m mol g-1. This has improved seed quality. Treatment with Raskila and treatment Rovral aqua flo decreased seeds and seedlings infestation and morbidity due to Fusarium, Drechlera, Alternaria, Penicillium. Rates of treatment can be reduced if combined with bioorganic fertilizers. Application of bioorganic fertilizers and treatment in combination increases the effectiveness of treatment. Bio-organic fertilizer reduces plant stress caused by synthetic treatment.
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Harrison, Stephen J. "Passive Heat Exchanger Anti-Fouling for Solar DHW Systems." In ASME 2005 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2005-76232.
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The interior surfaces of heat exchangers used in domestic hot water systems are particularly prone to fouling or complete blockage due to the accumulation of sediments, scale and mineral deposits. In many locations, mineral salts and other impurities may be present in the potable water supply and fouling may occur if the heat exchanger is not routinely cleaned or flushed of accumulated matter. In small residential installations, however, this is not practical due to the associated costs. In response to this need, a passive back-flushing system was designed that allows heat exchangers to be routinely back-flushed many times a day. The action is a normal operation of the system and does not require user intervention, external power or controls to function. During back-flushing mineral deposits are washed out of the heat exchanger and flushed from the system. the operation of the device and documents the results of accelerated tests undertaken to verify its operation.
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Libby, Peter, Stephen J. C. Warner, and Louis K. Birinyi. "THE VESSEL WALL AS A SOURCE OF VASORHGOLATORY AND IMMDNOSTIMOLATORY CYTOKINES." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1643982.
Full textAbstract:
The cytokines Interleukin-1 (IL-1) and Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF, also known as cachectin) exhibit multiple effects on circulating blood cells and cells of the blood vessel wall. For example, these mediators elicit a coordinated Drogram of functions of endothelial cells (EC) that promotes blood coagulation and thrombosis, and lead to clot stabilization. Furthermore, IL-1 and TNF promote adherence to vascular endothelium of leukocytes of many classes.Thus, these cytokines are likely to be involved in signaling the pathologic changes in blood vessels that characterize a number of inflammatory or infectious processes. These two cytokines were originally isolated frcm activated human mononuclear phagocytes, hence their comnon designation as monokines and the terminology "interleukin". However, recent findings have broadened this concept considerably. It is now clear that many cell types can produce IL-1-1ike activity.Several groups showed that human vascular EC can secrete material that stimulates proliferation of thymocytes incubated with suboptima1 doses of the mitogenic lectin phytohemagglutinin, a typical acitivty of IL-1 (thymocyte costimulation).Two related but distinct genes cloned frcm human peripheral blood monocytes encode IL-1 molecules. In human blood monocytes stimulated with bacterial lioopolysaccharide (LPS) IL-1 beta (pi ∼ 7) is the major form expressed while IL-1 alpha (pi ∼ 5) is the less abundant species secreted by human monocytes under these conditions. We found that EC and smooth muscle cells (SMC) isolated from adult human vessels can express these same IL-1 genes. LPS, a standard stimulus to IL-1 secretion in the monocyte, caused accumulation of IL-1 beta mRNA in both vascular cell types. Endothelial cells frcm adult human vessels also contained IL-1 alpha mRNA when treated with LPS in the presence of cycloheximide and LPS-stimulated smooth muscle cells contained RNA that hybridized with an IL-1 alpha cDNA probe as well. Although both vascular cell types can transcribe these IL-1 genes, the time course of this response differs. LPS induced IL-1 beta mRNA production by SMC maximally at 4-6 hr., whereas maximal IL-1 induction by LPS in EC occured 1 day after initiation of the exposure. Actinanycin D (1 ug/ml) blocked 3H-uridine incorporation into macromolecules by > 95% in both EC & SMC, and prevented the LPS-induced increases in IL-1 mRNA levels in these cells. This result suggests that this potentially injurious stimulus causes IL-1 mRNA accumulation by an increase in rates of transcription. These LPS-induced increases in IL-1 mRNA levels corresponded to production of biologically active IL-1 determined as thymocyte costimulation activity. Interestingly, gel filtration experiments revealed a molecular weight of around 22kD for both SMC and EC-derived IL-1 secreted into culture medium in response to LPS. This molecular weight contrasts with the 17 kD species which is the fully processed product secreted frcm activated human monocytes. A possible explanation for this disparity is that the vascular cells secrete a partially processed intermediate form of mature IL-1. Other stimuli for IL-1 mRNA accumulation and secretion of biological activity include TNF and IL-1 itself. Recombinant human INF (≥ 10 ng/ml) increased IL-1 beta mRNA levels in EC & SMC, and caused the EC & SMC to release IL-1-1 ike thymocyte costimulation activity. Of interest is the recent observation that IL-1 itself can stimulate expression of IL-rl genes in vascular wall cells. Both IL-1 aloha and beta can increase IL-1 beta mRNA content in EC & SMC. Hris observation was confirmed with homogenous IL-1 prepared by recombinant DNA technologies (rIL-1). These findings raise the possibility of a novel positive feedback loop in vascular pathophysiology. We also found that rIL-1 alpha or beta also induced the production of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) by both vascular SMC & EC. This prostanoid, induced by IL-1, inhibits thymocyte _ proliferation. Thus, IL-1 not only induced its own expression but increased production of this immunosuppressive prostanoid. This mechanism provides a potential negative control loop in regulation of the local immune response in blood vessels. Vie conclude that these cells of the blood vessel wall are a source of the potent vasoregulatory and immune mediators IL-1 alpha and beta. Since IL-1 influences the thrombotic, hemostatic, and fibrinolytic functions of endothelium, as well as other responses to acute injury, our findings suggest novel local control mechanisms that may be important in a variety of pathologic states.