Journal articles on the topic 'Dry Goods Economist'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Dry Goods Economist.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Dry Goods Economist.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Woirol, Gregory R. "The Contributions of Frederick C. Mills." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 21, no. 2 (June 1999): 163–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1053837200003126.
Full textAbstract:
Economics in the United States in the 1920s and 1930s was notable for the richness of its methodological and theoretical approaches. Encompassing the peak period of American institutionalism, these years also witnessed a recurrent debate over the proper scope and method of economics which was bracketed by a minor methodenstreit in the 1920s and the measurement-withouttheory dispute of the late 1940s. In retrospect it is apparent which lines of thought would dominate economic discourse in later decades. At the time, however, this future was not as clear. A late 1920s evaluation by Paul Homan of the state of contemporary economics concluded that economists “seem in our own day to be separated by more impassable barriers of thought than at any time in the past” (Homan 1928, p. 10). In looking beyond “the present impasse,” as he called it, Homan concluded that “whether economics in the future shall consist of a body of doctrines, or a body of facts scientifically ascertained, or a technique, or more or less of one and the other, is on the laps of the gods” (ibid., pp. 466-67).
2
Webb, Caroline. "Coaching, good days and behavioural science." Coaching Psychologist 15, no. 2 (December 2019): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpstcp.2019.15.2.3.
Full textAbstract:
Caroline Webb was interviewed onstage as one of the keynote sessions at the SGCP International Conference of Coaching Psychology 2019. Caroline’s work has been featured inHarvard Business Review, Forbes, The Economist, The New York Times, The Financial TimesandThe Washington Post,amongst other publications, but she is most widely known as the best-selling author of the book, How to Have A Good Day.
3
Callais, Justin, and Walter E. Block. "Medical Economics: Legalize Organ Markets." Winners 18, no. 2 (September 30, 2017): 73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/tw.v18i2.4222.
Full textAbstract:
The article argued to the contrary that at least insofar as organ transplants were concerned, this general assumption lied 180 degrees away from the truth. The first reaction of most concerned people, at the prospect of buying and selling human body parts, was one of revulsion. And, yet, this was the tried and true means that used for supplying more pedestrian goods and services. The article was the economic principles responsible for adequately making available to us such as items such as apples, shoes, and gardening services were the best ones in this case as well. The method was to argue that the institutions responsible for most goods and services in the economy that the last best hope for solving the problems that faced transplants of human body parts. The researchers consulted google scholar and mises.org and generated in this manner and cited almost a dozen publications which discussed the relevant subject matter and commented on several of them. It finds that Pro-organ sellers have a long way to go, but with determination and logic, one day the world will find a place for organs in the free-markets. And, then, many lives will be saved.
4
Rubinstein, А. Ya. "Creative economy of the paternalistic state: What does the coming day hold for us?" Journal of the New Economic Association 54, no. 2 (2022): 209–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2022-54-2-11.
Full textAbstract:
The paper presents the author’s view on the formation of economics of culture which was acceded to the neoclassical theory as a branch science only in the second half of XXth century with the inherent law of «price disease» causing deficiency of income of cultural goods producers. The present stage of the development of this science is determined by the modern theory of economic growth where the hypothesis of dependence of total factor productivity on intangible assets is presented as an innovation allowing discovering inner resources of culture and other creative economy branches which fundamentally change their position in the economic world. The question is about the economic valuation of the results of cultural activity, including copyrights that were transformed into intellectual property. At the same time, the article formulates a contrary assessment of the concept of cultural industries, which can only become an additional reason for the financial authorities to reduce the amount of budget subsidies to producers of cultural goods.
5
Hernández-Solano, Alan, Véronique Sophie Avila-Foucat, and George A. Dyer. "Estimating shadow prices in economies with multiple market failures." PLOS ONE 18, no. 11 (November 6, 2023): e0293931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0293931.
Full textAbstract:
Approaches to the estimation of shadow prices generally assume that all but one market function correctly. However, multiple market failures are common in developing countries. We present a theoretical model and an empirical strategy to estimate the shadow price of a subsistence good in an economy where labor markets fail. Our results show that: 1) among subsistence producers, the shadow price of this good must be greater than or equal to the market price, and equal to it for surplus growers; and 2) current methods create biases when the otherwise-perfect-markets assumption is violated. The propositions are tested using a representative survey for rural Mexico. We find that the shadow wage is below that of the market (MXN $93.2/day vs. MXN $132.3/day), and that the shadow price for subsistence corn is over ten times greater than its market price (MXN $32.37/kg vs. MXN $3.19/kg). Unbiased shadow price estimates for subsistence goods help to overcome the limitations of current income poverty measures: their overestimation of the purchasing power of subsistence households and their underestimation of the value of subsistence goods. In rural Mexico, current practice underestimates the population in food poverty by 2%; an additional 9% has income above the poverty line yet fail to meet the utilization dimension of food security.
6
Mance, Davor, Nenad Vretenar, and Jana Katunar. "Opportunity Cost Classification of Goods and Markets." Central European Public Administration Review 13, no. 1 (March 25, 2015): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17573/ipar.2015.1.06.
Full textAbstract:
Sixty years ago, Samuelson’s “Pure Theory of Public Expenditure” expounded the classification of goods, and Bain’s “Economies of Scale, Concentration and the Condition of Entry in Twenty Manufacturing Industries” expounded the structure-conduct-performance paradigm. To the present day, rivalry in- and excludability from consumption classify goods, and subadditivity and irreversibility in production classify market structure. Opportunity costs of production in the form of prospective sunk costs incentivise investment and production, and the sunk costs themselves induce subadditivities, specialization and convexity of the marginal rate of technical substitution. Opportunity costs in consumption are determined by the marginal costs of replacement. In light of the recent Nobel price award to Jean Tirole, we revisit some of the forgotten discussions and clarify some of the terminology under a more economic framework of opportunity costs.
7
Boss, Peter. "Children in Fast Lane Australia." Children Australia 14, no. 1-2 (1989): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0312897000002174.
Full textAbstract:
We are all familiar with Donald Horne's descriptive phrase “The Lucky Country” as applied to Australia. It was coined during the resources boom years of the late 'sixties. It referred to the luck we have to be living in a country so rich in mineral resources – all we had to do was to dig it out of the ground and sell the raw stuff to equally boom economies overseas. Actually those economies then converted the stuff into manufactured goods – cars, fridges, television sets, plastic toys and so on, which they then flogged back to us … and we could afford to buy – much of the money our wealth generated went to make already comfortably-off people more comfortable - not much went to the not so comfortable or to the really poor. But in line with the optimistic theories in economics, the trickle effect of the boom years would ensure that the poor too got a gnaw at the bones thrown to them; distribution of wealth already distorted, stayed distorted. Then came Gough and a new era was about to dawn, the new wealth would be used toward producing a more egalitarian society and an enhanced infra structure of welfare sevices, a spanking new health service, a broadening of the social security system, more job opportunities, free tertiary education, the Australian Assistance Plan, and the list went on. But history has a mischievous, even misanthropic turn of mind, and no sooner was Gough crowned than the resources market turned sour and the money started to dry up, the dream faded and you know the rest. The Fraser years were years of cutback and belt-tightening, of dour and unglamorous attempts to keep the ship afloat. No more vision of building a new Jerusalem in Canberra's green and pleasant land.
8
Febrianty, Istiani Dadi, Tigar Putri Adhiana, and Sugeng Waluyo. "Usulan Tata Letak Penempatan Finished Goods dengan Kebijakan Class Based Storage Berdasarkan Analisis ABC di PT. XYZ." Dinamika Rekayasa 17, no. 2 (June 2, 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.20884/1.dr.2021.17.2.406.
Full textAbstract:
Suatu perusahaan memiliki tujuan utama yaitu untuk memenuhi kebutuhan konsumen sehingga dapat memperoleh keuntungan. PT XYZ adalah perusahaan yang bergerak di bidang pengolahan susu sapi (<em>dairy manufacture</em>) yang tentu saja mempunyai tujuan untuk memperoleh keuntungan. Optimalisasi penempatan persediaan barang jadi (<em>finished goods inventory</em>) merupakan salah satu upaya dalam meningkatkan keuntungan perusahaan. Saat ini, penempatan <em>finished goods</em> (FG) di Gudang PT. XYZ kurang optimal karena penempatannya dilakukan secara acak dan belum memperhatikan frekuensi perpindahan, sehingga produk <em>fast moving</em> harus menempuh perjalanan jauh untuk pengambilannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk membuat usulan <em>layout</em> penempatan <em>finished goods</em> optimal berdasarkan metode <em>class-based storage</em> dengan analisis ABC dalam mengetahui klasifikasi produk PT XYZ. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dengan menghitung frekuensi perpindahan, mengklasifikasikan produk berdasarkan frekuensi perpindahan, menentukan jumlah tempat penyimpanan, menghitung jarak perpindahan, dan membuat dua usulan <em>layout</em> dengan pertimbangan slot dan blok. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa berdasarkan frekuensi perpindahan, produk dikelompokkan menjadi kelas A (<em>fast moving</em>) yang terdiri dari 9 produk; kelas B (<em>medium moving</em>) yang terdiri dari 17 produk; serta kelas C (<em>slow moving</em>) yang terdiri dari 26 produk. Usulan <em>layout</em> yang terpilih yaitu penempatan berdasarkan slot karena memberikan jarak perpindahan sebesar 91.681,09 m atau 4,35% lebih pendek dari jarak sebelumnya
9
Zvyagin, Leonid S. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF GLOBAL SYSTEMS AND FORECASTING OF ITS MAIN OBJECTS." SOFT MEASUREMENTS AND COMPUTING 11, no. 60 (2022): 41–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.36871/2618-9976.2022.11.004.
Full textAbstract:
States interact closely with each other and the economies of each of them depend on various factors affecting them. The modern world cannot be imagined without the interaction of the economies of different countries. The XXI century can be safely called the heyday of globalization. Every day there is an exchange of goods, services, experience and information. The politics of one country somehow affects the politics of another country. Therefore, problems arising in the modern world within one country find their influence on other countries interacting with it. Minimizing risks and predicting the outcome of any crisis or conflict solves many problems and allows you to prevent new problems arising from them.
10
IHNATENKO, Tetiana, and Oleksandra ZAKREVSKA. "Accounting of barter operations of foreign economic activity of enterprises." Economics. Finances. Law 12/2023, no. - (December 18, 2023): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2023.12.10.
Full textAbstract:
The paper analyzes the norms and laws of exchange of goods in the international trade of Ukraine under barter agreements. Barter operations mean operations during which business entities exchange a certain amount of goods, works, services for an equivalent amount of other goods without the use of monetary payments. Barter transactions usually become popular in countries with unstable economies, where there is a shortage of both domestic and foreign currency. The main reason for using barter agreements in foreign trade is currency problems, such as its scarcity, instability, etc. The difficulties associated with the accounting of such operations in accounting are also considered. In accordance with the requirements, all transactions of exchange of goods in international trade are formalized by appropriate barter contracts. In case of violation of the terms of import of goods, performance of works and provision of services, a fine is applied, which is calculated for each day of delay. The main aspect of barter agreements is reaching an agreement on prices and volumes of supplies of export-import goods, as well as a profitable determination of the equivalent of the exchange of goods. Today market environment, some companies may have a limited amount of cash to operate normally. In such cases, the exchange of goods may be the only way for them to sell their products and obtain other goods necessary for production. An important aspect of a barter agreement is reaching an agreement on prices and volumes of export-import of goods, as well as establishing a favorable equivalence for the exchange of goods. In these market conditions, some businesses may not have enough working capital to operate normally. As a result, barter often becomes their only means of selling their products and acquiring others necessary for their production activities.
11
LAMBRECHT, THIJS. "Reciprocal exchange, credit and cash: agricultural labour markets and local economies in the southern Low Countries during the eighteenth century." Continuity and Change 18, no. 2 (August 2003): 237–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416003004624.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines the labour market for day labourers in the Southern Low Countries during the eighteenth century from the perspective of reciprocal exchange. In particular I will look at wage payment structures and their economic and social foundations. In contrast with other agricultural regions, wage payments in proto-industrialized inland Flanders were highly diversified. Large farmers and day labourers engaged in a system of reciprocal exchange of labour, goods and services in which monetary payments played only a secondary role. I find that both employers and employees had strong reasons for maintaining this exchange relationship and that they both, in their own ways, benefited from this mutual dependency.
12
Hirshleifer, David, and Tyler Shumway. "Good Day Sunshine: Stock Returns and the Weather." Journal of Finance 58, no. 3 (May 6, 2003): 1009–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6261.00556.
Full text
13
Kanamura, Takashi, and Kazuhiko Ōhashi. "Pricing summer day options by good-deal bounds." Energy Economics 31, no. 2 (March 2009): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eneco.2008.11.007.
Full text
14
Levin, D. Yu. "S. Yu. Witte – Originator of Railway Tariffs Theory. Part 1." World of Transport and Transportation 21, no. 5 (April 18, 2024): 150–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.30932/1992-3252-2023-21-5-17.
Full textAbstract:
Exactly 140 years ago, the most famous, in our opinion, work by Sergei Yu. Witte «Principles of railway tariffs for transportation of goods» was first published. It is difficult to overestimate the importance of this book. Our regular author, a well-known scientist, D. Sc. (Engineering), Academician of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences Dmitry Levin, decided to share his thoughts after a new reading of this work, which has not yet lost its relevance. The encyclopedic views of S. Yu. Witte may be of interest both to economists and to sociologists, philosophers, scientists, and specialists in the theory of public administration. Many of S. Yu. Witte’s judgments have not lost their scientific, theoretical and practical significance to this day and in this sense turned out to be prophetic.The methodology for constructing prices for transportation of goods, set out by S. Yu. Witte is not only of historical interest (especially in conjunction with the reviews and discussions that accompanied the appearance of his book), but remains important for the modern solution of newly arising issues of improving the tariff system under market transition. Not least of all, the methodology is connected with the cardinal question that arose even then: whether railways should be a natural monopoly or a commercial structure – a debate that continues today
15
Stahl, Charles W., and Fred Arnold. "Overseas Workers’ Remittances in Asian Development." International Migration Review 20, no. 4 (December 1986): 899–925. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/019791838602000409.
Full textAbstract:
In recent years, overseas workers from Asia have been sending remittances of about $8 billion annually to their home countries. These remittances are an important source of precious foreign exchange for the major labor-exporting countries. The overall development impact of remittances, however, has not been well established. Remittances are spent primarily on day-to-day consumption expenditures, housing, land purchase, and debt repayment. Although only a small proportion of remittances are directed into productive investments, this does not warrant the conclusion that the developmental value of remittances is negligible. In fact, remittances spent on domestic goods and services in Asia 1 provide an important stimulus to indigenous industries and to the economies of the labor supplying countries. 1 Our working definition of Asia thus does not include the countries of that region called West Asia which contains Turkey, a major labor exporter.
16
SANTOS, J. E., F. NOGUEIRA, J. S. R. PIRES, A. T. OBARA, and A. M. Z. C. R. PIRES. "The value of the Ecological Station of Jataí's ecosystem services and natural capital." Revista Brasileira de Biologia 61, no. 2 (May 2001): 171–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-71082001000200002.
Full textAbstract:
The capacity of a given natural ecosystem to provide certain goods and services that satisfy human needs depends on its environmental characteristics (natural processes and components). It was described the availability of these goods and services (environmental functions) controlled and sustained by ecological processes operating in Ecological Station of Jataí (Luiz Antônio, SP). The environmental functions identified were grouped in four main categories. To make environmental values an integrated factor in planning and decision making it was assessed their socio-economic importance in qualitative terms and, if possible their monetary value. The combined potential annual return from identified functions of Ecological Station of Jataí is at least US$ 708.83/ha/year. In comparison to calculations made for other natural ecosystems this is a rather moderate estimate. The Ecological Station of Jataí is poorly protected and managed, it too is still threatened by human activity (agriculture) and many development plans. Although present day market economics do not recognize the monetary value of most environmental functions, such calculations do provide a revealing insight into the great socio-economic importance of Ecological Station of Jataí. More awareness of these values may provide an important incentive for their preservation and sustainable use.
17
Marszalski, Mariusz. "Speculations on the Future of Economic Models in the Wake of Trans/Posthuman Sentient Evolution in Charles Stross’s SF Novel “Accelerando”." Anglica Wratislaviensia 59 (December 28, 2021): 11–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/0301-7966.59.1.
Full textAbstract:
Economy, understood as a domain of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services, has been unquestionably comprehended as a social activity, the purpose of which is to satisfy first of all vital material, but also immaterial, needs of the biological natural human being. Whatever the underlying ideology—whether protectionist mercantilism, the physiocrats’ laissez-faire policy, Adam Smith’s free-market capitalism, Karl Marx’s socialist economics, Keynesian state interventionism, or present day neoliberalism—economic considerations have been invariably driven by the fundamental problem of scarcity. The objective of the proposed paper is to present Charles Stross’s speculative predictions, made in his SF novel Accelerando, about the future of economic models in light of trans/posthuman evolution hailed by, among others, Ray Kurzweil, Max More, and Hans Moravec.
18
Concannon, Cavan W. "Ethnicity, Economics, and Diplomacy in Dionysios of Corinth." Harvard Theological Review 106, no. 2 (April 2013): 145–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0017816013000096.
Full textAbstract:
Sometime in the latter half of the second century, Bishop Dionysios of Corinth began writing letters to Christian communities around the eastern Mediterranean. Of these letters, which remain only as fragments and summaries in Eusebius'sEcclesiastical History, we know of eight, including one addressed to a woman named Chrysophora. Though Dionysios is not often mentioned in histories of second-century Christianity, he was famous enough in his own day that his advice was requested from as far as the Black Sea and his letters were tampered with by those seeking to lend his authority to their theological positions. When Dionysios has been discussed by historians of early Christianity, his work has been mined for what it can tell us about early Christian letter collections, for the names of other second century bishops, and for fights over various early Christian heresies. Though I draw on these studies, I am here concerned with examining Dionysios's surviving letters as political rhetoric within what Loveday Alexander has called the “social networks” of early Christianity. Rather than focusing on questions of episcopal succession or early Christian letter collections, I consider how Dionysios's letters functioned as political instruments that knit together early Christian communities as they made their way to and from Corinth aboard merchant ships and overland caravans, moving amongst the myriad of people and goods that flowed through Roman trade routes in the eastern Mediterranean.
19
Bonadio, Barthélémy, Andreas M. Fischer, and Philip Sauré. "The Speed of Exchange Rate Pass-Through." Journal of the European Economic Association 18, no. 1 (March 20, 2019): 506–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jeea/jvz007.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract On January 15, 2015, the Swiss National Bank discontinued its minimum exchange rate policy of 1 euro against 1.2 Swiss francs. This policy change resulted in a sharp, unanticipated, and permanent appreciation of the Swiss franc by more than 11% against the euro. We analyze the pass-through of this unusually clean exchange rate shock into import unit values at the daily frequency using Swiss transaction-level trade data. Our key findings are twofold. First, for goods invoiced in euros, the pass-through is immediate and complete. Second, for goods invoiced in Swiss francs, the pass-through is partial and exceptionally fast: beginning on the second working day after the exchange rate shock, the medium-run pass-through is reached after 12 working days.
20
Mahirun, Mahirun, Arih Jannati, Titi Rahayu Prasetiani, and Tsamara Tsamara. "Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Bagi Wirausaha Pemula di Kota Pekalongan." Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat (ABDIRA) 3, no. 4 (October 31, 2023): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31004/abdira.v3i4.404.
Full textAbstract:
Entrepreneurship training for budding entrepreneurs in Pekalongan City is an effort to develop MSMEs to be competitive with other existing and developed businesses. The Department of Trade, Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises of Pekalongan City in collaboration with the Faculty of Economics and Business, Pekalongan University conducted training activities aimed at fostering an entrepreneurial spirit and increasing sales of goods and services produced by MSMEs. The method used is entrepreneurship and marketing mix training for 60 (sixty) budding entrepreneurs in Pekalongan City. The types of activities that will be carried out in this series of PKM activities include: (1) Identification and determination of target participants; (2) Identification of needs; (3) Implementation of training, and (4) Evaluation of activities. The results of the PKM implementation are the implementation of activities at the Dafam Hotel with 60 participants from novice entrepreneurs in Pekalongan City. The first day was filled with exposure to Pekalongan City Government policies that support entrepreneurship. The second day was filled with entrepreneurial motivation material, and the third day was the presentation of marketing mix material.
21
Davidová, Marie, Shanu Sharma, Dermott McMeel, and Fernando Loizides. "Co-De|GT: The Gamification and Tokenisation of More-Than-Human Qualities and Values." Sustainability 14, no. 7 (March 23, 2022): 3787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14073787.
Full textAbstract:
The article explores how the quality of life within a deprived urban environment might be improved through the ‘gamification’ of and interaction with, more-than-human elements within the environment. It argues that such quality may be achieved through the community’s multicentered value from the bottom up. This is shown through the case study of the Co-De|GT urban mobile application that was developed in the Synergetic Landscapes unit through real-life research by design experimental studio teaching. Complimentary experimentation took place during the Relating Systems Thinking and Design 10 symposium in the Co-De|BP workshop, where experts were able to be collocated for interactive real-time data gathering. This application addresses the need for collective action towards more-than-human synergy across an urban ecosystem through gamification, community collaboration and DIY culture. It intends to generate a sustainable, scalable token economy where humans and non-humans play equal roles, earning, trading and being paid for goods and services to test such potentials for future economies underpinned by blockchain. This work diverges from dominant economic models that do not recognise the performance of and the limits to, material extraction from the ecosystem. The current economic model has led to the global financial crisis (GFC). Furthermore, it is based on the unsustainable perpetual consumption of services and goods, which may lead to the untangling and critical failure of the market system globally. Therefore, this work investigates how gamification and tokenization may support a complementary and parallel economic market that sustains and grows urban ecosystems. While the research does not speculate on policy implications, it posits how such markets may ameliorate some of the brittleness apparent in the global economic model. It demonstrates a systemic approach to urban ecosystem performance for the future post-Anthropocene communities and economies.
22
Khalil, Samina, Mehmood Khan Kakar, and Waliullah . "Role of Tourism in Economic Growth: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan Economy." Pakistan Development Review 46, no. 4II (December 1, 2007): 985–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v46i4iipp.985-995.
Full textAbstract:
Tourism activities are considered to be one of the major sources of economic growth. It can be regarded as a mechanism of generating the employment as well as income in both formal and informal sectors. Tourism supplements the foreign exchange earnings derived from trade in commodities and some times finance the import of capital goods necessary for the growth of manufacturing sectors in the economy. On the other hand rapid economic growth in the developed economies attracts foreign travels (Business travels), which leads to an increase in the foreign reserve of the country. Over the past several decades, international tourism has been gaining importance in many economies of the world. According to the World Tourism Organisation (2002), expenditures by 693 million international tourists traveling in 2001 totaled US $ 462 billion, roughly US $ 1.3 billion per day worldwide. In addition, tourists spending have served as an alternative form of exports, contributing to an ameliorated balance of payments through foreign exchange earnings in many countries. The rapid growth of tourism led to a growth of household incomes and government revenues directly and indirectly by means of multiplier effects, improving balance of payments and provoking tourism-promoted government policies. As a result, the development of tourism has generally been considered a positive contribution to economic growth.
23
Hemapriya, T., K. S. Archana, and T. Anupriya. "Comparison of preprocessing techniques for coin recognition using image processing methods." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 2.21 (April 20, 2018): 351. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i2.21.12405.
Full textAbstract:
Coin is very important role in human’s day life. For daily routine like shop, super market, banks etc the coins to be used. The coin is important part of economies and currency and it is used to pay for goods and also for our needs. Here the Indian coin has many number of count five rupee, ten rupee, two rupee, from this any one of the coin we are going to extract the texture feature for our Indian coin, first step is to preprocess the image is that method to enhance the image and remove the noise from enhanced image. For extracting clear information the image has to be preprocessed through some of the filtering techniques such as image size has to be resized, changing the contrast of the image, changing RGB to grayscale conversion for further operation such as segmentation and classification. At last the values to be compared by using PSNR, SNR, MSE of Filter noise removal with respective coin images.
24
Bhattarai, Madhusudan, Dhruba Pant, and David Molden. "Socio-economics and hydrological impacts of melamchi intersectoral and interbasin water transfer project, Nepal." Water Policy 7, no. 2 (April 1, 2005): 163–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2005.0011.
Full textAbstract:
To mitigate the drinking water crisis in Kathmandu city, the Government of Nepal has recently initiated the Melamchi project, which will divert water from the Melamchi River to Kathmandu city's water supply network. In the first phase, the project will divert 170,000 cubic metres of water per day (at 1.97 m3/s). There is a plan to triple the volume of water using the same infrastructure as city water demand increases. This paper illustrates the complexities involved in planning and implementing the intersectoral (interbasin) water transfer project, and the socio-economic and hydrological implications of the project in the basin of water supply. This project potentially generates huge economic benefits, mostly accrued to the urban sector. An already a resource-poor water-supplying basin bears all the opportunity costs of the water transfer. The project compensation scheme has focused more on local public goods and has not much considered third party effects such as traditional water mill owners and tenant farmers who may unduly bear the brunt of the project. Effective participation of stakeholders and early negotiation for compensation could minimize such third party effects. The absence of such negotiation has raised some concerns about the effectiveness of the Melamchi project to meet the social obligations in the basin of water origin.
25
Ullah, Irfan, and Kaleem Ullah. "درآمدات وبرآمدات کا اسلامی منہاج : حضرت عمر فاروقؓ کی بصیرت کےتناظرمیں تحقیقی جائزہ." Journal of Islamic and Religious Studies 5, no. 2 (December 14, 2020): 69–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36476/jirs.5:2.12.2020.05.
Full textAbstract:
International trade relations are a branch of economics that deals with trade between countries. It covers exports and imports of goods and services. Besides, international treaties and their International institutions are also analyzed. Also, the measure of the development of any country is that there should be high imports and exports. In various respects, a large part of the foreign exchange that we collect throughout the year is spent on importing various goods from other countries. That is why our economy cannot grow as fast as it should. One of the reasons why our foreign exchange reserves have not increased significantly is the gap between imports and exports. As far as the United States, the United Kingdom, and Europe are concerned, we have a trade deficit with many countries in the region because we order more and export less. In this way, bilateral trade is beneficial for them, but not for us. As the field of international economic relations is getting wider and wider day by day and its importance is increasing, the more the country develops, the more it evolves. The level of international economic relations at that time was not as high as they were in the time of Hazrat Omar. The trade reserves did not pass close to the status of the exchange. But the knowledge of international economic relations on Islamic Minhaj. In terms of age, Hazrat Omar's economic knowledge and insight were much higher than the people of that time. The rules and regulations that you have laid down for him. At every age, every country and every person strives to gain benefits and gains through international economic relations and to avoid difficulties and losses. So, in this article, the light of the thoughts and insights of the Islamic Minhaj Hazrat Umar RA on international trade will be presenting a research review.
26
Kling, Catherine L., Daniel J. Phaneuf, and Jinhua Zhao. "From Exxon to BP: Has Some Number Become Better than No Number?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 26, no. 4 (November 1, 2012): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.26.4.3.
Full textAbstract:
On March 23, 1989, the Exxon Valdez ran aground in Alaska's Prince William Sound and released over 250,000 barrels of crude oil, resulting in 1300 miles of oiled shoreline. The Exxon spill ignited a debate about the appropriate compensation for damages suffered, and among economists, a debate concerning the adequacy of methods to value public goods, particularly when the good in question has limited direct use, such as the pristine natural environment of the spill region. The efficacy of stated preference methods generally, and contingent valuation in particular, is no mere academic debate. Billions of dollars are at stake. An influential symposium appearing in this journal in 1994 provided arguments for and against the credibility of these methods, and an extensive research program published in academic journals has continued to this day. This paper assesses what occurred in this academic literature between the Exxon spill and the BP disaster. We will rely on theoretical developments, neoclassical and behavioral paradigms, empirical and experimental evidence, and a clearer elucidation of validity criteria to provide a framework for readers to ponder the question of the validity of contingent valuation and, more generally, stated preference methods.
27
Zaidman, G. B., and S. O. Yakubovskiy. "PECULIARITIES OF CURRENT WORLD SCIENTIFIC RESEARCHES ON MARITIME ECONOMICS AND SPECIFICALLY SEABORNE TRADE." Actual problems of regional economy development 1, no. 17 (November 30, 2021): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/apred.1.17.8-22.
Full textAbstract:
The article analyzes and systemizes current studies of leading world scientists on maritime economics and seaborne trade with the aim to reveal current trends and venues for future researches in this field. Special attention is paid to researches evaluating how the outbreak of coronavirus pandemic impacted shipping industry as a main global supplier of goods. All studies under review are conceptually grouped into two main branches. The first branch comprises papers focused on the world seaborne trade data dynamics, including official maritime reports. As opposed to Ukrainian and Russian maritime economics papers which predominantly describe and portray the statistical data available in official maritime reports issued by international organizations and shipping services providers, leading world scholars use this statistics as a baseline for individualized researches, mainly focused on investigation of correlation between various shipping indicators and prediction of same. The second branch comprises papers investigating trade of certain types of cargo, such as containers, crude oil, dry bulk. Several general peculiarities of both branches of researches are defined. Almost all of them attempt to provide an insight into the nature of a freight rate and to forecast the development of either general freight market or specific cargo related one. The utilized methodology is also identical. Depending on the aim of research and data availability, scholars employ various models of regression analysis, a standard tool of statistical modeling, which estimates the average relationship between two or more variables. No matter which freight market is under investigation, studies usually try to examine the connection of this market with others by evaluating the spillover effects between vessel types and vessel sizes. Distinguishing features of researches lie in the target stakeholders who could benefit from, either the industry in general or particular groups of market participants. In addition, nowcasting trade data is a real problem raised by the industry to modern science, which tries to tackle it by proposing innovative digitalized solutions.
28
Aisyah, Alfiyani. "Jogjaprov.go.id Website Management in Realizing Good Governance of the Special Government of Yogyakarta Period 2019." Journal of Islamic Communication and Counseling 1, no. 1 (January 10, 2022): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jicc.v1i1.8.
Full textAbstract:
Disclosure of information becomes an important part of governance to create good governance or good governance. One of the efforts of the DIY regional government to realize good governance is through transparent information disclosure. The website jogjaprov.go.id managed by the public relations government of DIY never got the most innovative service website in the year 2019 and the first ranking award of Best smart Governance. Public relations of DIY regional government use the website as one of the information media to implement e-government so that people can access and know the information quickly. As for the management of the website, the public relations of DIY regional Government conducted several stages as follows: searching and collecting content, editing, verification and publication on the website jogjaprov.go.id. Content on the jogjaprov.go.id also has several categories, including infrastructure, economics, society, culture, health, education and tourism. This research aimed to analyze the management of jogjaprov.go.id website in realizing the governance of the special region of Yogyakarta in 2019. The research methods in this study were qualitative descriptive with the collection of data through interviews, observations and documentation. The data validity test was through data triangulation. The results showed that the management of the website underwent a change of task from earlier that manages the Department of DIY Communication and informatics, then now moved to public relations of DIY regional government. It can be noted that the public relations of the DIY regional government have been utilizing the website as an information disclosure media to achieve good governance with one aspect of transparency, but the monitoring and evaluation of website content have not been running quite well. As for the website management of public relations of DIY regional government is done through searching and collecting content, editing, verifying and publishing on jogjaprov.go.id.
29
Mihályi, Péter, Ádám Zlatniczki, and András Telcs. "Cycles Generated by the Consumer Durables Sector." Periodica Polytechnica Electrical Engineering and Computer Science 62, no. 2 (April 24, 2018): 47–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppee.11274.
Full textAbstract:
We conjecture that in highly developed economies business cycles show positive feedback mechanism in which the households amplify the crises by refraining to replace old durable goods to new ones. On the one hand, families do not suffer much if they stop buying new consumer durables, such as automobiles, the example we use in this paper, because it is perfectly rational for them to continue to drive their "old" vehicle for quite a while without much welfare loss. On the other hand, families drawing salary from the given sector do suffer from the decline of the demand and if the crisis is deep and the sector has strong influence on the entire economy, all households are effected at the end of the day. In the framework of a two-sector economy agent-based model, we illustrate our thesis with the fluctuations in US car sales in the period 2006-2014. Subsequently we use an agent-based simulation and show that our conjectures do hold if applied to real-life statistical data.
30
Reed, Kelly, and Ivana Ožanić Roguljić. "The Roman Food System in Southern Pannonia (Croatia) From the 1st–4th Century A.D." Open Archaeology 6, no. 1 (June 2, 2020): 38–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/opar-2020-0105.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractFood is an excellent medium through which to explore trade, economies, migration and landscapes, yet little is known about food production and consumption in the Roman province of Pannonia. Here we explore the current evidence for agriculture, trade and diet in southern Pannonia (modern day eastern Croatia) and what this may say about life in the region. The influx of new ‘exotic’ foods and technologies had a profound influence on this region. The limited archaeobotanical data suggests complex trade and local agricultural systems that allowed large towns such as Mursa, Cibalae and Siscia to gain access to a wide range of food items. The large quantities of pottery found not only helps us understand traded goods but also the local tastes and fashions, as well as to infer the types of dishes that could have been cooked. More evidence is clearly needed in this region but what we can see so far is that urban centres along the Danube Limes were firmly integrated within the wider Roman food system and that diets were probably quite varied for many who lived there.
31
Radovanovic, Ana, Aleksandar Dagovic, and Mihajlo Jakovljevic. "Economics of cancer related medical care: Worldwide estimates and available domestic evidence." Archive of Oncology 19, no. 3-4 (2011): 59–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aoo1104059r.
Full textAbstract:
Background: The aims of this article were to report findings of domestic research related to assessment of hospital treatment costs of Serbian patients suffering from cancer and show similar study results among foreign trials. The authors also intended to suggest likely strategies to improve local cost containment in future. Cost-of-illness studies of most high-income economies have proven that malignant disorders belong to top five disorders according to their overall financial burden. Methods: Our trial was conducted as an in depth, retrospective, bottom-up, trend analysis of services con?sumption patterns and expenses relative to diagnosis at discharge, from perspective of the third party payer. Discounting rates were calculated according to the average official exchange rates of the National Bank of Serbia in respective years. Financial value of medical goods and services consumed was taken out of current price lists of the National Republic Institute on Health Insurance on a day when particular service was provided. Results: There were 434 patients and 4850 admissions processed in 2007, consuming 48,483,740.49 RSD (?613,562.90) while in 2010 there were 539 patients and 9509 admissions, consuming 68,880,953.27 RSD (?658,832.65). In total, drugs value accounts for only 5%, radiotherapy 54% and the rest of expenditure 41% (consulta?tions, surgery, consumables, nursing care, other). Average overall cost per patient treated was 125,922.34 RSD and per hospital admission, it was 8,297.99 RSD. Cancer-related medical care costs, in domestic currency, increased by almost one third in only four-year time span. Conclusion: Higher awareness of clinicians on cost limitations and necessity of prioritization in funding health care, would provide wiser resource allocation and more care with money available.
32
Tao, Yi, Changhui Lin, and Lijun Wei. "Metaheuristics for a Large-Scale Vehicle Routing Problem of Same-Day Delivery in E-Commerce Logistics System." Journal of Advanced Transportation 2022 (September 29, 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/8253175.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we introduce a new variant of large-scale vehicle routing problem that arises in the goods distribution of city e-commerce logistics, the multi-depot vehicle routing problem with order split and allocation (MD-CVRP-OSA), which incorporates the issue of split and allocation of online orders into traditional VRP. A mathematical formulation is constructed for the MD-CVRP-OSA, and an efficient metaheuristics algorithm based on a variable neighborhood search (VNS) solution framework is designed to solve it. The proposed method is tested on a large family of instances, including real-world data collected from JD.com, and the effectiveness of the VNS algorithm and also the algorithm components are analyzed.
33
BARTON, DAVID N., and OLVAR BERGLAND. "Valuing irrigation water using a choice experiment: an ‘individual status quo’ modelling of farm specific water scarcity." Environment and Development Economics 15, no. 3 (February 26, 2010): 321–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x10000045.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTWe use a choice experiment to evaluate a hypothetical irrigation water pricing regime in Karnataka State, India. The proposed regime includes increasing the availability of water in the dry season, increasing irrigation frequency, water sharing with downstream water users, set against the introduction of a semi-volumetric irrigation price. The majority of farmers chose the status quo (SQ) option. Given the large heterogeneity in farmers’ SQ water availability, irrigation practices and current water tax payments, the SQ could not be given a unique baseline interpretation. This poses a potential problem for choice model estimation. By coding the individual SQ situation of farmers, we observed considerable increase in the explanatory power of the choice experiment models. The results may be of general interest for choice experiments of environmental goods and services with heterogeneous spatial distribution, heterogeneous respondents and/or contentious policies that are expected to elicit considerable SQ response.
34
Mandasari, Mandasari, Tridoyo Kusumastanto, and Heti Mulyati. "Analisis Kebijakan Ekonomi Pengembangan Pelabuhan di Provinsi Aceh." Jurnal Ekonomi dan Pembangunan Indonesia 18, no. 1 (July 1, 2017): 92–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v18i1.722.
Full textAbstract:
Economic Policy Analysis for Port Development in Province of AcehPort development was becoming a major issue in promoting national and regional economic competitiveness. However, the development of public ports in Aceh province has not been significantly caused by low port economic activity. This research used Linear Programming, qualitative description, and Analytical Hierarchy Process method. The result showed the main economic policy of port development in Aceh Province was to developing economic growth centers in hinterland by developing sectors producing goods such as agriculture, forestry and fishery sector, mining and quarrying sector, and industrial sector. The another policy was strengthen connectivity port-hinterland logistics network by improving the quality connectivity infrastructure, enhancing cooperation between port operators with exporters and logistics service providers, and build the dry port.Keywords: Economics Policy; Port Development; Hinterland; LogisticsAbstrakPengembangan pelabuhan saat ini menjadi isu utama dalam mendorong daya saing perekonomian daerah dan nasional. Namun demikian, perkembangan pelabuhan umum di Provinsi Aceh belum signifikan yang ditandai masih rendahnya aktivitas ekonomi pelabuhan. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu Linear Programming, deskripsi kualitatif, dan Analytical Hierarchy Process. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kebijakan ekonomi utama pengembangan pelabuhan di Provinsi Aceh adalah membangun pusat-pusat pertumbuhan ekonomi di wilayah penyangga dengan mengembangkan sektor pertanian, kehutanan dan perikanan, sektor pertambangan dan penggalian, serta sektor industri. Kebijakan lainnya yaitu menguatkan konektivitas jaringan logistik pelabuhan-wilayah penyangga dengan cara meningkatkan kualitas infrastruktur penghubung, meningkatkan kerja sama antara operator pelabuhan dengan eksportir dan penyedia jasa logistik, serta membangun terminal barang.
35
Török, Ádám. "Brexit and the Cat." Acta Oeconomica 66, s1 (December 2016): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/032.2016.66.s1.1.
Full textAbstract:
Erwin Schrödinger’s Cat model is a thought experiment from quantum mechanics to visualise “neither dead, nor alive” types of transitional situations. This essay draws certain parallels between this Cat and the Brexit process. A process that has been initiated but, in a strictly legal sense, not yet unleashed. It might be officially launched one day by the UK government, but without any certainty as to whether it would be completed at all. There seems to be no trade policy model, which would be optimal for both sides: keeping the UK within the Single European market for goods and capital, while introducing constraints on the free flow of labour is not a real option. A possible strategy for both parties may be procrastination: declaring that Brexit is underway, but maintaining the pre-2016 conditions of economic co-operation and integration, prolonging the current Cat-like situation.
36
Latov, Yury, and Natalia Latova. "From Family Household Economics to the Economic Theory of the Modern Family: Sesquicentennial Shifts in Ontology and Epistemology." Journal of Economic History and History of Economics 23, no. 4 (December 26, 2022): 613–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2308-2488.2022.23(4).613-635.
Full textAbstract:
The article is dedicated to the evolution of institutions of the household and the family, as well as their perception in economics from the nineteenth century to the present day. Modern academic literature largely preserves the notion of an undivided unity of family and household, which is inherited from the 19th century neoclassical economic thought and reflects the socio-economic realities that existed a century and a half ago. However, following the active emancipation of individuals from the traditional family in the West in the first half of the 20th century, the process of gradual disappearance of family households as one of the three major (along with the firm and the state) economic actors began. In modern western countries, the decision makers in the markets of labour, capital and consumer goods are no longer families, but independent individuals. Families do not disappear, but in western countries they are transformed into a kind of partner firms, whose members freely choose/change partners according to changing personal needs. This qualitative change in the nature of family unions was reflected in the 1980s in “the economic theory of the family” based on the approaches of Gary Becker and Robert A. Pollak, where the behaviour of sexual / marital partners is consistently likened to market behaviour. These trends of changing ontology and epistemology of the family as an economic entity are very important for understanding the capabilities and limitations of traditional family support policies manifested in modern Russia.
37
Khmeleva, G. A., and N. I. Skreblov. "Transport infrastructure in ensuring regional development and China's global competitiveness." MIR (Modernization. Innovation. Research) 15, no. 2 (July 15, 2024): 331–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.18184/2079-4665.2024.15.2.331-348.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose: is to evaluate the modern role of transport infrastructure as the factor in the development of the regional economy and strengthening competitive positions outside the country using the example of China.Methods: the correlation-regression analysis, traditionally used to solve the task of the identifying influencing factors, was applied to the economic and transportation indicators across 28 Chinese regions for the year 2021. It was supplemented by the analysis of statistical data and the thematic case study of data on Chinese investments into the transport infrastructure projects both domestically, and abroad.Results: the assessment of infrastructure development of the railway and port infrastructure was carried out based on the analysis of the dynamics of the main indicators. The construction of a correlation and regression analysis model made it possible to form an idea of the impact of China's transport infrastructure on the gross regional product of the provinces. The degree of penetration of Chinese influence into other economies of the world through investments in transport infrastructure has been assessed. The tools for promoting infrastructure projects have been identified that characterize Chinese specifics and make it possible to ensure the country's competitiveness at the global level.Conclusions and Relevance: China is the striking example of the widespread construction of ports, railways, and highways, in addition to the creation of direct freight vehicles and dry cargo ships for the distribution of their products. The high importance of transport infrastructure and the number of employed people in this industry for the growth of the regional product of the provinces of China has been revealed. In the external circuit, the PRC is actively using the strategy of lending to other countries for the construction of infrastructure on their territories. The construction of roads, airports, seaports, power plants and transmission lines allow China to create infrastructure enclaves in developing countries to market its goods and export raw materials for subsequent processing. Borrowing the experience of the PRC in terms of mechanisms for granting grants and loans for the implementation of infrastructure projects will allow Russia to create an extensive system of movement of national goods to markets where they are most in demand in the territories of neighboring states.
38
Pal, Shashank, Anil Kumar, Amit Kumar Sharma, Praveen Kumar Ghodke, Shyam Pandey, and Alok Patel. "Recent Advances in Catalytic Pyrolysis of Municipal Plastic Waste for the Production of Hydrocarbon Fuels." Processes 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2022): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10081497.
Full textAbstract:
Currently, the resources of fossil fuels, such as crude oil, natural gas, and coal, are depleting day by day due to increasing energy demands. Nowadays, plastic items have witnessed a substantial surge in manufacturing due to their wide range of applications and low cost. Therefore, the amount of plastic waste is increasing rapidly. Hence, the proper management of plastic wastes for sustainable technologies is the need of the hour. Chemical recycling technologies based on pyrolysis are emerging as the best waste management approaches due to their robustness and better economics. However, research on converting plastic waste into fuels and other value-added goods has yet to be undertaken, and more R&D is required to make waste-plastic-based fuels economically viable. In this review article, the current status of the plastic waste pyrolysis process is discussed in detail. Process-controlling parameters such as temperature, pressure, residence time, reactor type, and catalyst dose are also investigated in this review paper. In addition, the application of reaction products is also described in brief. For example, plasto-oil obtained by catalytic pyrolysis may be utilized in various sectors, e.g., transportation, industrial boilers, and power generation. On the other hand, byproducts, such as solid residue (plasto-char), could be used as a road construction material or to make activated carbon or graphenes, while the non-condensable gases have a good potential to be utilized as heating/energy source.
39
Vidová, Jarmila. "Industrial Parks - History, Present and its Influence to the Employment." Review of Economic Perspectives 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10135-009-0008-1.
Full textAbstract:
Industrial Parks - History, Present and its Influence to the Employment The term industrial park is currently a very frequently used. One of the conditions of their development is a positive trend of capital movement and correct allocation of capital in new conditions of Slovak and world economy. In current post-industrial stage of development, industrial parks grow in quality in comparison of parks built in the past when all the activities of product building were allocated were concentrated into one single place. The new generation of industrial parks is characteristic by producing just one product or completion of final goods from components. The present day development in Slovakia confirms that it is necessary to support creation of industrial parks because it has a positive influence to activities supporting research and development and increasing of employment.
40
Crocker, Piers. "Governor Nelson Dingley lives on: Maine, California, Norway and protectionism." International Journal of Maritime History 29, no. 3 (August 2017): 620–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0843871417714373.
Full textAbstract:
This article examines, from Norwegian sources, the stormy relationship between the local American canned fish industry and the Norwegian producers – and American importers – of Norwegian canned fish, principally ‘sardines’ (sprats) and herring. American opposition took the form of protectionism, either as direct import duty, or by implied criticism of the Norwegian industry (use of child labour or ‘inexperienced’ producers, or claims of ‘dumping’ sub-standard goods on the US market). Opposition varied with the national and international politics and economics of the day, with Republicans and Democrats raising and reducing tariffs depending on the state (and complaints) of the local canning industries in Monterey and Maine. The Great Crash and resulting devaluation of foreign currencies against the dollar, and thereafter abandoning the gold standard, also played their part. The Dingley Tariff, the Payne–Aldrich Tariff Act, the Underwood Tariff, the Fordney–McCumber Tariff and GATT are treated in more detail. In the end, it was acknowledged that it was not a matter of competition, but of preferences for Norwegian sprat canned in olive oil, as opposed to American herring packed in cottonseed oil, and primarily marketed to Norwegian immigrants. In all, the issue lasted for over 70 years, ending in the words – to the Norwegian National Canneries Association – ‘ Congratulations unanimous win in tariff commission’.
41
Dalbey, Richard O. "Konnichiwa, Sensei (Good Day, Professor): So You Want to Teach in Japan?" Business Communication Quarterly 70, no. 3 (September 2007): 334–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10805699070700030403.
Full text
42
Afif, Muhammad Ariya, Muhammad Nicko Azharry Setyabudi, Mochamad Chalid, and Bambang Priyono. "Utilization of Recycled PP-Talc Waste into Composite Products with the Hot Melt Mixing Method." Piston: Journal of Technical Engineering 5, no. 2 (January 16, 2022): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32493/pjte.v5i2.19494.
Full textAbstract:
Polypropylene (PP) is one type of plastic material often used. As the materials' specifications get higher, PP is combined with other materials to achieve the desired characteristics. One of them is Talc. Behind its significant growth, there is one main problem, namely the mismanagement of plastic waste that causes environmental pollution. Therefore, one method that can overcome this problem is the recycling method. This research was conducted to investigate the characterization between pure and recycled materials and the optimum composition obtained to get finished goods that were close to materials using pure materials. This research was conducted using PP-Talc scrap with 20% and 30% talc content, then combined with dry and hot melt mixing methods. The alloy material was then tested using a Scanning Electronic Microscope (SEM), Universal Testing Machine (UTM), and Simultaneous Thermal Analyzer (STA). The results showed that the recycled material's morphological changes, mechanical properties, and thermal properties almost resembled the pure material. Specific ratios of 20% and 30% recycled PP-Talc gave rise to new morphological changes and mechanical properties.
43
Rosado, João, Daniel Guerra, and Paulo Ferreira. "Seasonality in fuel consumption: a case study of a gas station." Revista de Métodos Cuantitativos para la Economía y la Empresa 32 (December 1, 2021): 3–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.46661/revmetodoscuanteconempresa.4350.
Full textAbstract:
Oil and its derivatives are very important goods in the world, not only because of their huge use but also because the consequences of that use. The literature has plenty of works with economic analysis of the use of oil. Having available a huge amount of data, we propose an innovative approach: based on daily information of sales in a gas station since 2001 to 2018, we make a seasonality analysis of those sales. In separate analysis, using information of the both existing shifts, of the week day and of the month, we conclude that seasonality in sales is significant. This is an important information for firm managers, which could use this information to better define their strategies.
44
Tusha, Mensur, Vehbi Ramaj, Mustafë Kadriaj, and Shaqir Elezi. "POLITICAL INTERVENTION AS A DE/STABILIZING FACTOR IN KOSOVO’S ECONOMY." Knowledge International Journal 31, no. 1 (June 5, 2019): 161–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij3101161t.
Full textAbstract:
In all modern economies, the state has an indisputable, and often primary, economic role. The basic task of the state in relation to the economy of each country is to establish and maintain the functioning of the legal and institutional platform on which economic activity is being conducted. Practice has clearly shown that in certain circumstances, the free market fails to function properly by often introducing economic activity into a negative coil, from which it can not be done without the state intervention to cope with this situation the private sector. The recurring economic crises clearly dictate the need for intervention by the state to overcome the temporary failure in the functioning of the market mechanism. In such cases, the benefit of state intervention in the economy is justified by the capabilities the state owns. However, state intervention is distorted when interfering with politics to realize their aspirations to the detriment of economic activity which results in failure. Since the war, Kosovo's economy has established the principles of a market economy in a formal way, but this is valid and continues only for the middle and lower tier, while for politicians and close people with the politic, it doesn’t apply because this category of people affects the doing business, and as a result, every day the market economy is challenged. Through professional literature and research, we will contribute to the conclusions and recommendations that will be needed for the market economy and doing business in harmony with the competition law. The broad definition of economics as science of economic actions is acceptable, while formalization of the definition takes more into account the nature of the problems studied by economists although some reduce them or prefer to emphasize even in reported societies born and built in the process of producing matrix goods. (Bundo, 1998, p. 17). The existence and development of every human society depends first and foremost on securing the products and services needed for individual and collective human life. Under these conditions, it is fully understandable that the economic field has been and remains the most important field of human activity. For these reasons it is perfectly understandable that any other society, regardless of the stages of its development, is obliged to pay special attention to the study and study of the organization and functioning of individual or collective economic activity. Initially, man's knowledge of economic activity came from his empirical observations and only in the last four centuries they have been expressed through the study of different authors as principles and scientific law. Each stream of economic thought, according to the degree of development of society, has had its own views on the specific categories, principles and laws of functioning and economic development. However, in spite of changing the views of the particular currents of economic thought, most authors have highlighted the main economic problems that each society must face in its various stages of its development. These major problems facing any society can be summarized; Firstly, both from empirical observations and from scientific arguments, it has been found that one of the most fundamental contradictions of economic activity is the contradiction between the limited amount of matrix and human sources of society and the unlimited and individual and collective demands and wishes of others .Secondly, from the discovery and formulation of this principle it was concluded that in the conditions of limited maternal and human resources and the unlimited demands of the individuals and society as a whole, every society should choose the priority of complementary needs through use of limited resources. (Pano, Angjeli, 2015, pp. 9,10)
45
Faccio, Maurizio, Serena Finco, and Ilenia Zennaro. "Sustainable People Home-Work Logistics: An Integrated Model of Circular Economy in the Chiampo Valley." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (October 30, 2021): 12009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112009.
Full textAbstract:
Logistics activities, e.g., transportations of goods and people, are responsible for at least one-third of energy consumption and Green House Gas (GHG) emissions. About 70% of them are related to people’s mobility, with millions of cars moving every day. The people home-work logistics represents undoubtedly an important part of it since flows are concentrated on fixed time windows (beginning, lunch break, and end of the working day) creating huge traffic congestions and negative impacts on time, economics, and the environment. This study proposes an integrated model, summarized through a methodological framework, where three actors (companies, public administrations and local shops) work together aiming to economically incentivize the use of sustainable mobility systems. Three are the main elements of the proposed sustainable people home-work logistics model: (1) the economic self-sustainability of the incentives, funded in different ways by the actors, (2) the scalability, thanks to the possibility to add new territories to the project and (3) the territorial circular economy generated thanks to the incentive’s destinations and the public-private integration. Starting from survey questionnaires and territorial attributes, sustainable mobility ways are defined. Then, participant workers are monitored by activating a mobile app, called Ecoattivi, during their home-work journeys. In such a way, workers can directly analyze their sustainable mobility and reach the possibility to accumulate and spend money in local shops as a function of the saved CO2. On the other hand, companies and public administrations compete in a special ranking for sustainable mobility. The methodological framework has been applied to a real case study in the Chiampo Valley, in the northeast of Italy, where about 10 small towns and dozens of companies in 2020 started the “Bike to Work Valchiampo” project.
46
GIL-WEIR, KARINE, ENRIQUE WEIR, CLARK L. CASLER, and SARA ANIYAR. "Ecological functions and economic value of the Neotropic Cormorant (Phalacrocorax brasilianus) in Los Olivitos Estuary, Venezuela." Environment and Development Economics 16, no. 5 (June 13, 2011): 553–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355770x11000179.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTWe present the ecological functions of cormorants and estimate the economic value of these functions to artisanal fishermen, as a valuation exercise for Neotropic Cormorants at Los Olivitos Estuary, Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela. Ecological functions were based on estimating the abundance, distribution and diet of cormorants; economic values were attached to a selection of goods, services and attributes. Based on available information, we selected four ecological–economic functions of cormorants: harvesting for food; contributors to fish diversity; indicators of fish schools; and contributors to fish biomass, due to guano production. Cormorants consumed nine commercial fish species. Mean consumption was 225 g/ind/day. All ecological–economic functions were positive except for the role as contributors to fish biomass. Total value of the cormorant population to fishermen was $5,429,703/year. Unlike many studies, our results show that Neotropic Cormorants have a negligible impact on artisanal fisheries. We emphasize the importance of these results for management policies.
47
Yaka, Zeki. "The Effects of Measures Taken in the Scope of the Islamic Price Policy on Investment, Production, Employment, and Stability." Ilahiyat Studies 13, no. 1 (June 30, 2022): 83–117. http://dx.doi.org/10.12730/13091719.2022.131.234.
Full textAbstract:
Price, investment, production, and employment are among the most important elements of economic structure, and intervention in one of these will affect all other elements. A well-functioning economic structure represents the harmonical and balanced collaboration of all financial factors. Price has decisive power over other elements of the economy. Investment, production, and employment plans are generally closely associated with prices because they are made with a profit index. Although the financial principles of Islam emphasize earnings in a legitimate (ḥalāl) manner, its price policy does not directly intervene in the price-determining process. Various price policies and different economic systems have been followed and applied throughout the history of economics. In the field of economics, some systems favor unlimited freedom through sanctifying the individual and capital, while others, such as capitalism, do not recognize any rules. Also, some systems ignore private systems combine some of these factors. However, none of these economic structures gain accomplishment because of injustice and imposed methods contrary to human nature. Furthermore, they were unable to solve problems of economic origin. Islamic economics and price policy are fundamentally different from other systems. First, Islamic economics carries the inherent religious characteristics of Islam. It centers on justice and legitimacy and has made the moral principles of religion dominant in economics. The Prophet Muḥammad was the first person to transfer the economic principles of Islam from theory to practice. In this sense, the Medina bazaar had deep meanings beyond being an ordinary or local market. In Islamic economics, instead of directly intervening in prices, the Prophet abolished methods such as profiteering, black markets, prevention (talaqqī l-rukbān/jalb), brokerage, deception, cheating, and speculation (najash), which led to unlawful profits. Instead, he advocated principles based on legitimacy, established a system relying on supply-demand balance, and organized the market with Islamic moral values. The new economic principles prioritized fair competition, equal opportunity, fair income distribution, and sharing. Islamic finance model, therefore, embraces the principles of a freemarket economy. However, there are clear differences between the free-market principles as understood by Islam and the free-market principles that dominate present-day capitalism. First, Islam does not accept destructive competition, any form of monopolization, or unlimited freedom of production and consumption. It also does not attribute economic value to some profits, such as interest and gambling, and instead labels them illegitimate and prohibited (ḥarām). Although Islam adopts the principles of a free market economy, it does not allow arbitrary decisions. For this reason, it establishes a realistic price policy without artificial interventions and aims to dominate the economy with preventive measures. The system does not allow the establishment of privileged classes that effortlessly earn money regarding the endeavor of other people. The measures taken in the scope of price policy affect prices and other elements. Investment, directly associated with prices, has significantly contributed to preserving and improving the balance between production and employment. Sustainable investment, production, and employment are ensured by restraining stocking and high prices that reduce consumption, preserving the supply of goods, price stability, and purchasing power. The balance between production, consumption, investment, and employment has been preserved as an indicator of economic stability and development in this respect. Another privileged aspect of the Islamic price policy is the inspection of economic elements in integrity with an effective control mechanism called ḥisbah. The requirements of appointed muḥtasibs, who must be competent in understanding the calculations and calibrations, show the seriousness and importance given to economic stability in Islam.
48
Puaschunder, Julia. "Revising Growth Theory in the Artificial Age: Putty and Clay Labor." Archives of Business Research 8, no. 3 (March 17, 2020): 65–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/abr.83.7871.
Full textAbstract:
The introduction of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in our contemporary society imposes historically unique challenges for humankind. The emerging autonomy of AI holds unique potentials of eternal life of robots, AI and algorithms alongside unprecedented economic superiority, data storage and computational advantages. Yet to this day, it remains unclear what impact AI taking over the workforce will have on economic growth. This paper therefore first establishes what AI is and provides a theoretical background on standard neoclassical and heterodox economics growth theories with particular attention to the Cambridge Capital Controversy’s argument to divide capital components into fluid, hence more flexible (e.g., petty cash, checking account), and more clay, hence more inflexible (e.g., factories and intransferable means of production), components. The contemporary trend of slowbalisation is described, as the slowing down of conventional globalization of goods, services and Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) flows; yet at the same time, we still see human migration and air travel as well as data transfer continuing to rise. These market trends of conventional globalization slowing and rising AI-related industries are proposed as first market disruption in the wake of the large-scale entrance of AI into our contemporary economy. Growth in the artificial age is then proposed to be measured based on two AI entrance proxies of Global Connectivity Index and The State of the Mobile Internet Connectivity 2018 Index, which is found to be highly significantly positively correlated with the total inflow of migrants and FDI inflow – serving as evidence that the still globalizing rising industries in the age of slowbalisation are connected to AI. Both indices are positively correlated with GDP output in cross-sectional studies over the world. In order to clarify if the found effect is a sign of industrialization, time series of worldwide data reveal that internet connectivity around the world is associated with lower economic growth from around 2000 on until 2017. A regression plotting Internet Connectivity and GDP per capita as independent variables to explain the dependent variable GDP growth outlines that the effect for AI is a significant determinant of negative GDP growth prospects for the years from 2000 until 2017. A panel regression plotting GDP per capita and internet connectivity from the year 2000 to explain economic growth consolidates the finding that AI-internet connectivity is a significant determinant of negative growth over time for 161 countries of the world. Internet connectivity is associated with economic growth decline whereas GDP per capita has no significant relation with GDP growth. To cross-validate both findings hold for two different global connectivity measurements. The paper then discusses a theoretical argument of dividing labor components into fluid, hence more flexible (e.g., AI), and more clay, hence more inflexible (e.g., human labor), components. The paper ends on a call for revising growth theories and integrating AI components into growth theory. AI entrance into economic markets is modeled into the standard neoclassical growth theory by creating a novel index for representing growth in the artificial age comprised of GDP per capita and AI entrance measured by the proxy of Internet Access percent per country. Maps reveal the parts of the world that feature high GDP per capita and AI-connectivity. The discussion closes with a future outlook on the law and economics of AI entrance into our contemporary economies and society in order to aid a successful and humane introduction of AI into our world.
49
Lubis, Utari Rahayu, and Ismaulina Ismaulina. "TADLIS DALAM BISNIS JUAL BELI ONLINE PERSPEKTIF EKONOMI SYARIAH (STUDI MAHASISWA EKONOMI SYARIAH FEBI IAIN LHOKSEUMAWE)." Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, Akuntansi dan Perbankan (JESKaPe) 4, no. 2 (September 22, 2020): 247–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.52490/jeskape.v4i2.799.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract
Currently with advances in technology, buying and selling between cities and even between countries can be completed in a short time. Buying and selling online in a network or using the internet is the solution. Buying and selling transactions can also be completed in just 1 day even faster than that. However, some disadvantages from online purchases also exist, such as: The goods provided cannot be seen directly. Thus, concerns about the quality and suitability of the product with the wishes of buyers often occur. The formulation of the problem in this research is What are the forms and what are the causes of the existing tadlis in the online buying and selling business? How is Tadlis in buying and selling online according to Islamic Economics?. This research uses descriptive qualitative method. While the technique of collecting data through observation, interviews and documentation, while the researchers analyzed data techniques using data reduction and drawing conclusions. The results of his research show that: Although there are some among these students who feel cheated, but they only forgive and do not follow it up they just feel dissatisfied with the service of buying and selling online transactions. In the view of Islamic economics, every transaction must be based on the principle of willingness or mutual liking between the two parties. They must have the same information (complete information) so that no party feels cheated or cheated because something is unknown to one party. So according to sharia economics online trading transactions are not in accordance with the principles of sharia economics, because there is no principle of mutual liking between the two.
Keywords: Tadlis, Buy and Sell Online, Islamic Economics.
Abstrak
Saat ini dengan kemajuan teknologi, jual beli antar kota bahkan antar negara dapat diselesaikan dalam waktu singkat. Membeli dan menjual secara online di jaringan atau menggunakan internet adalah solusinya. Transaksi jual beli juga dapat diselesaikan hanya dalam 1 hari bahkan lebih cepat dari itu. Namun, beberapa kerugian dari pembelian online juga ada, seperti: Barang yang disediakan tidak dapat dilihat secara langsung. Dengan demikian, kekhawatiran tentang kualitas dan kesesuaian produk dengan keinginan pembeli sering terjadi. Rumusan masalah dalam penelitian ini adalah Apa saja bentuk dan apa penyebab tadlis yang ada dalam bisnis jual beli online? Bagaimana Tadlis dalam jual beli online menurut Ekonomi Islam ?. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sedangkan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara dan dokumentasi, sedangkan peneliti menganalisis teknik data menggunakan reduksi data dan menarik kesimpulan. Hasil penelitiannya menunjukkan bahwa: Meskipun ada beberapa di antara siswa yang merasa ditipu, tetapi mereka hanya memaafkan dan tidak menindaklanjutinya, mereka hanya merasa tidak puas dengan layanan jual beli transaksi online. Dalam pandangan ekonomi Islam, setiap transaksi harus didasarkan pada prinsip kesediaan atau saling menyukai antara kedua pihak. Mereka harus memiliki informasi yang sama (informasi lengkap) sehingga tidak ada pihak yang merasa ditipu atau ditipu karena ada sesuatu yang tidak diketahui oleh satu pihak. Jadi menurut ekonomi syariah transaksi perdagangan online tidak sesuai dengan prinsip-prinsip ekonomi syariah, karena tidak ada prinsip saling menyukai antara keduanya.
Kata kunci: Tadlis, Jual Beli Online, Ekonomi Islam.
50
Akhtar, Naseem. "William J. Baumol, Robert E. Litan and Carl J. Schramm. Good Capitalism, Bad Capitalism and the Economics of Growth and Prosperity. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2007. 321 pp." Pakistan Development Review 48, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 169–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v48i2pp.169-170.
Full textAbstract:
The central idea of the book is that Capitalism has many forms—some good, others bad, with entrepreneurial capital being the best. The authors argue that the spectacular economic performance of the developed world is owed to the ‘good capitalism’ practised over there and that the blame for the poor performance of many economies must lie with one or the other kind of ‘bad capitalism’, that these economies continue to practise. The authors identify policy tools that can help countries in making a transition from ‘bad capitalism’ to ‘good capitalism’. The introductory chapter ‘Entrepreneurship and Growth’ gives an overview of the key elements of an entrepreneurial economy. In the next chapter, the authors question ‘Why Economic Growth Matters’ and convincingly rebuff those who question the virtues of growth. To those who put limits on growth the authors’ answer is: “the same process of technological advancement that undermined Malthus’ dire prediction about population growth may be able to quiet the concerns of modern day Malthusians who worry about disappearing energy”. Chapter 3 conducts a comprehensive review of modern growth theories with special focus on innovation and institutions. After reviewing the work of Solow, the authors move directly to the influence of institutions on growth. They argue that institutions take time to develop and that growth depends on ‘home grown’ institutions. The long time required to develop growth promoting institutions may explain why dictators have been successful in Korea and Singapore in boosting growth, while the time horizon of the politician is shorter, at best extended up to the next elections. The authors’ emphasis upon ‘home grown’ institution is also a verdict against the Washington Consensus.