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Academic literature on the topic 'Dry days'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Dry days"

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Collier, Robert J., Ehrin L. Annen, and Allison C. Fitzgerald. "Prospects for zero days dry." Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice 20, no. 3 (November 2004): 687–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cvfa.2004.06.009.

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Kuhn, M. T., and J. L. Hutchison. "Methodology for Estimation of Days Dry Effects." Journal of Dairy Science 88, no. 4 (April 2005): 1499–508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72818-6.

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Malek, Asiah A., Frank A. Blazich, Stuart L. Warren, and James E. Shelton. "Initial Growth of Seedlings of Mountain Laurel as Influenced by Day/Night Temperature." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 5 (September 1992): 736–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.5.736.

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Seedlings of mountain laurel (Kalmia latifolia L.) were grown for 16 weeks under long-day conditions with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C for 9 hours in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C for 15 hours. Total plant dry weight, top dry weight, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were influenced by day and night temperatures. The night optimum for all dry weight categories was 22C. Dry matter production was lowest with nights at 14C. Total plant dry weight and dry weights of tops, leaves, and stems were maximized with days at 26C, but for roots the optimum was 22C. Dry weight accumulation was lower with days at 18 or 30C. Responses of leaf area were similar to that of total plant dry weight, with optimum days and nights at 26 and 22C, respectively. Within the optimal day/night temperature range of 22-26/22C for dry weights, there was no evidence that alternating temperatures enhanced growth. Shoot: root ratios (top dry weight: root dry weight) increased with day temperatures up to 30C and were highest with nights at 14 or 26C. Leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) decreased with increasing night temperature, and increased curvilinearly in response to day temperature with the minimum at 26C. Stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) increased with increasing day or night temperature. Root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight) was highest with nights at 18 or 22C and decreased with days >22C. Net leaf photosynthetic rate was maximized with days at 26C.
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Funk, D. A., A. E. Freeman, and P. J. Berger. "Effects of Previous Days Open, Previous Days Dry, and Present Days Open on Lactation Yield." Journal of Dairy Science 70, no. 11 (November 1987): 2366–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(87)80297-7.

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Malek, Asiah A., Frank A. Blazich, Stuart L. Warren, and James E. Shelton. "Initial Growth of Seedlings of Flame Azalea in Response to Day/Night Temperature." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 117, no. 2 (March 1992): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.117.2.216.

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Seedlings of flame azalea [Rhododendron calendulaceum (Michx.) Torr] were grown for 12 weeks under long-day conditions with days at 18, 22, 26, or 30C for 9 hours in factorial combination with nights at 14, 18, 22, or 26C for 15 hours. Total plant dry weight, top dry weight, leaf area, and dry weights of leaves, stems, and roots were influenced by day and night temperatures and their interactions. Dry matter production was lowest with nights at 14C. Root, leaf, top, and total dry weights were maximized with days at 26C in combination with nights at 18 to 26C. Stem dry weight was maximized with days at 26 to 30C and nights at 22C. Leaf area was largest with days at 18 and 26C in combination with nights at 18 or 26C. Within the optimal, day/night temperature range of 26 C/18-26C for total plant dry weight, there was no evidence that alternating temperatures enhanced growth. Shoot: root ratios (top dry weight: root dry weight) were highest with days at 18 and 30C. Leaf area ratio (total leaf area: total plant dry weight) was highest and specific leaf area (total leaf area: leaf dry weight) was largest when days and nights were at 18C and were lower at higher temperatures. Regardless of day/night temperature, leaf weight ratio (leaf dry weight: total plant dry weight) was higher than either the stem weight ratio (stem dry weight: total plant dry weight) or root weight ratio (root dry weight: total plant dry weight). Net leaf photosynthetic rate increased with day temperatures up to 30C.
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Kuhn, M. T., J. L. Hutchison, and H. D. Norman. "Characterization of Days Dry for United States Holsteins." Journal of Dairy Science 88, no. 3 (March 2005): 1147–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.s0022-0302(05)72781-8.

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Wheatley, Sally P., and Denys N. Wheatley. "Transporting cells over several days without dry-ice." Journal of Cell Science 132, no. 21 (October 2, 2019): jcs238139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.238139.

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Duan, Yawen, Zhuguo Ma, and Qing Yang. "Characteristics of consecutive dry days variations in China." Theoretical and Applied Climatology 130, no. 1-2 (October 26, 2016): 701–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00704-016-1984-6.

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Yi, Qitao, Jianghua Yu, and Youngchul Kim. "Removal patterns of particulate and dissolved forms of pollutants in a stormwater wetland." Water Science and Technology 61, no. 8 (April 1, 2010): 2083–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.159.

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A 0.23-ha pilot wetland was constructed to examine its effectiveness for the control of nonpoint source pollution (NPS) from a 7.42-ha agricultural watershed in Korea. This research emphasised the removal patterns of particulate and dissolved forms of pollutants on both dry (base flow) and wet days (storm flow). The hydraulic loading rates were high on rainy days, with an average value of 0.78 m/day, but around 0.08 m/day on dry days. Particulate forms of pollutants, such as TSS, COD and TP, were removed to a greater extent on wet days due to sedimentation. On wet days, the incoming concentrations of NH4-N and soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) were higher than during dry days, and can be partly retained via filtration and adsorption as they go through the wetland. The retention of TP and TSS on dry days could be affected by short antecedent dry days (ADDs), which will cause frequent hydraulic fluctuations in the wetland. Nitrogen removal is not influenced by this condition, with an average retention of around 20% on dry days, higher than the 6% removal on wet days.
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Jull, Laura G., Frank A. Blazich, and L. Eric Hinesley. "Seedling Growth of Atlantic White-Cedar as Influenced by Photoperiod and Day/Night Temperature." Journal of Environmental Horticulture 17, no. 3 (September 1, 1999): 107–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24266/0738-2898-17.3.107.

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Abstract Seedlings of Atlantic white-cedar [Chamaecyparis thyoides (L.) B. S. P.] were grown in controlled-environment chambers for 12 weeks under short-or long-day conditions with 9-hr days at 18, 22, 26 or 30C (64, 72, 79 or 86F) in factorial combination with 15-hr nights at 14, 18, 22 or 26C (57, 64, 72 or 79F). Dry matter production was influenced by photoperiod and day/night temperature. For all day temperature × photoperiod interactions, except root:shoot ratio, growth was highest under long days. Day × night temperature interactions occurred for all growth measurements except root dry weight. Root dry weight was highest at 30/22C (86/72F); top (shoot) dry weight at 26/22C (79/72F). Nights of 14C (57F) resulted in the lowest top dry weight. Total plant dry weight was highest at nights of 22C (72F) for all day temperatures. At days of 30C (86F), total plant dry weight was highest with nights ≤ 22C (72F); however, data for 30/22C (86/72F) and 26/22C (79/72F) were similar. The highest root: shoot ratio occurred at nights of 14C (57F) with days ≤ 26C (79F). Mean relative growth rate was highest at nights of 22C (72F) with days of 26C (79F) or 30C (86F). Maximum stem caliper occurred at days of 22C (72F) with nights ≥ 18C (64F). Height and crown width were highest at 26/22C (79/72F). A day/night cycle of 30/22C (86/72F) with long days was optimal for seedling growth.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Dry days"

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Simões, Ana Sofia da Cruz. "A secagem no efectivo caprino leiteiro e seus efeitos na lactação subsequente." Bachelor's thesis, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa. Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/1407.

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Dissertação de Mestrado Integrado em Medicina Veterinária
O processo de secagem há muito que é utilizado e estudado na espécie bovina, mas no que respeita à espécie caprina os estudos referentes a este processo são escassos. Assim, esta dissertação teve como principal objectivo estudar o efeito do processo de secagem na lactação subsequente de caprinos de raça Alpine e Saanen. Utilizaram-se os contrastes leiteiros de duas lactações consecutivas de 173 caprinos. No grupo Amostra (n=90) as cabras estiveram em lactação contínua, enquanto que o grupo Controlo (n=83) foi realizado um período de secagem entre lactações. Estes grupos foram ainda subdivididos de acordo com as lactações estudadas: 1ª e 2ª lactações, 2ª e 3ª lactações e 3ª e 4ª lactações. Os resultados obtidos indicam que a produção total aumenta até à 2ª lactação e que o factor que mais influencia a produção total numa lactação é a duração da mesma, assim como que as fêmeas submetidas ao processo de secagem foram aquelas que demonstravam na lactação prévia uma tendência para duração da lactação, produções médias diárias e, consequentemente, produções totais mais reduzidas. Foi ainda possível detectar uma tendência das fêmeas submetidas a período seco para demonstrarem maiores aumentos de produção na lactação subsequente, o que sugere que a realização do período seco é benéfico. Os resultados não comprovaram a superioridade da raça Saanen para a produção de leite relativamente à raça Alpine.
ABSTRACT - Days dry in dairy goats and the effects in subsequent lactation - The drying process has long been used and studied in dairy cows but concerning goats there is a lack of studies on this matter. This work aims to study the effect of drying process on subsequent lactation of goats from Alpine and Saanen breeds. Production data from two consecutive lactation of 173 goats were used. In the ‘Amostra’ group (n=90) goats were continuously in lactation, whereas in the ‘Control’ group (n=83) a dry period were performed between the two lactations. These groups were subdivided according to the lactations of the animals: 1st and 2nd lactations, 2nd and 3rd lactations and 3rd and 4th lactation. Results showed that total production increase till the 2nd lactation and this trait is mainly influenced by lactation length, and that goats from the ‘Control’ group had shorter lactation length, lower average daily production and lower total production in the previous lactation. Results also suggest that the dry period between lactations could have a benefic effect on total production and on average daily production in the consecutive lactation. Results of this work did not confirm the superiority of Saanen over Alpine breeds for dairy production.
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Greaves, Danielle Kathleen. "Désadaptations cardiovasculaires à la microgravité : techniques avancées pour améliorer la mesure et l'évaluation du risque cardiovaculaire induit par les vols spatiaux pour les équipages de longue durée Effects of exercise countermeasure on myocardial contractility measured by 4D speckle tracking during a 21-day head-down bed rest Cardiac and arterial structure and functional changes after four days of dry immersion with and without thigh cuffs Effect of thigh cuff on venous flow redistribution during 4 days in dry immersion." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC433.

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L'objectif était de quantifier les modifications de la contractilité cardiaque au cours d’un bedrest de 21 jours (HDBR) par la methode speckle tracking 4D et de déterminer si la contre-mesure « exercice » était capable de préserver cette contractilité cardiaque. Les méthodes traditionnelles 2D ne mesurent qu'une variation de la taille du ventricule de la systole à la diastole et ne suivent pas la cinetique des mouvements de contractilité à l’interieur de la paroi. De plus l’echographie 2D ne permet d’acceder qu’a la contractilite longitudinale globale par la mesure de la distance Apex-Valve mitrale. Le suivi des mouvements des speckles (points singuliers a l’interieur du myocarde) en 4D montre que la contractilité radiale diminuée signifcativement pendant le HDTBR chez les sujets témoins alors qu’elle est conservée dans le groupe exercice. Par contre la contractilité longitudinale n’est pas affectée dans aucun des 2 groupes. Bien sûr, l'IRM pourrait fournir des données similaires, mais il n’est pas possible à ce jour d’imaginer avoir une IRM a bord de l’ISS dans un futur proche. A la suite de ces resultats nous avons mis au point un algorithme de traitement des video cardiaque qui permet d’acceder a la contractilite radiale et longitudinale en vol (prog Vasc-Aging en cours) .L’objectif de l’experimentation était de montrer que quatre jours en immersion seche suffisaient pour realiser un transfert liquidien important vers les régions céphaliques comparable à celui observé en vol spatial. Notre protocole consistait donc a mesurer les volume veineux au niveau cervical cerebral et porte au debut de la periode en immersion (a 2h) puis a 4 jours d’immersion. Compte tenu des problemes engendrés par ce transfert liquidien en vol nous avions proposé de tester la capacité des brassarts de cuisse a reduire l’amplitude du transfert veineux. Les résultats montrent que l’immersion provoque un transfert de sang veineux au niveau cervical maximal à 2H et que les Brassarts de cuisse reduisent signifcativement ce transfert dans cette phase precoce. Par contre a 4 jours d’immersion l’amplitude du transfert sanguin est considerablement diminuée (bien que toujours presente) et les brassarts de cuisse n’ont pas d’effet visible à ce moment-là. En fait le volume plasmatique decroit significativement à la fin du premier jour (env 20%) des lors la masse de sang deplacées vers la tete par l’immersion est insuffisante pour generer une stase importante au niveau cervical comme à 2h d’immersion. Pour cette meme raison la vitesse dans les veines cerebrales n’est pas augmentée à 4 jours d’immersion contrairement à ce qu’on avait observé à 2h d’immersion lors d’une precedente etude. Donc le modele immersion seche est un modele pour etudier les transferts liquidiens en microgravité mais seulement en debut de phase d’immersion. Sur cette période de temps, les Brassarts de cuisse ont bien un effet protecteur pour les organes de la zone cephalique
Objective: to evaluate functional myocardial contractility after 21 days of head-down bed rest (HDTBR) in sedentary control (CON) or with a resistive vibration exercise (RVE) countermeasure (CM) applied, by using 4D echocardiographic (4D Echo) imaging and speckle tracking strain quantification.Methods: Twelve volunteers were enrolled in a crossover HDTBR design, and 4D Echo was performed in supine position (REST) at BDC-2 and at R+2, and in -6° HDTBR (on day 18), and also during the first and the last minute of the 80° head-up step of Standard Measures tilt test, performed at both BDC-2 and R+2. Radial (Rad-Str), longitudinal (Lg-Str) and twist (Tw-Str) strain were measured by 4D speckle tracking, as well as left ventricle diastolic volume (LVDV) and mass (LVmass).Results: On day 18: in the CON group, LVDV and LVmass were reduced (p<0.05), the Rad-Str decreased (p<0.05) and Tw-Str showed a tendency to increase (p< 0.11), with no changes in Lg-Str. In RVE group, LVDV and LV mass, as well as all the strain parameters remained unchanged.On R+2: in the CON group, LVDV and LVmass were not recovered in all subjects compared to pre-HDTBR (p<0.08), Rad-Str was still decreased (p<0.05), while Tw-Str tended to increase (p<0.09). These parameters remained unchanged in the RVE group.Tilt 80°: Rad-Str and Lg-Str values at 80° tilt were similar post HDT in both groups.Conclusion: 4D Echo and speckle tracking analysis showed that in the CON group, Rad-Str decreased concomitant with LVmass and LVDV with HDTBR, but this observation did not support the hypothesis that this HDTBR induced remodelling or a muscle atrophy. RVE acted to preserve both LVmass, LVDV and contractility during HDTBR, thus proving its effectiveness to this aim. Nevertheless, the significant HDTBR-induced changes observed in the CON group had only a limited effect on the cardiac contractile response as observed during post HDTBR tilt test. The level of contractility at 80° Tilt position was not affected neither by HDTBR nor by RVE CM.Purpose: The objective was to quantify the venous redistribution during a 4-day dry immersion (DI) and evaluate the effect of thigh cuffs.Methods: The study included 9 control (Co) and 9 subjects wearing thigh cuffs during daytime hours (CU). Ultrasound images were collected Pre DI, on the fourth day in the morning (D4 AM) and on the fourth day in the afternoon (D4 PM), to assess the following outcome variables: left ventricle dimension, stroke volume, and ejection fraction (LVD, SV, EF), jugular vein volume (JV), portal vein dimension (PV), middle cerebral vein velocity (MCVv). An additional measure of JV dimension was performed on the first day after having worn the cuffs for two hours (D1 2H).Results: The JV volume increased significantly from Pre to D1 2H in both groups, but increased more in the Co compare to the CU subjects (Co: 0,27+/0.15cm3 to 0.94+/-0;22 cm3;P<0.01 CU: 0,32+/-0.13 cm3 to 0.64+/-0.32 cm3 P<0.042).At D4 AM no difference was found between the two treatment groups for any of the parameters listed above.Stroke volume and EF decreased from Pre (SV:111+/-23cm3 to 93+/-24 cm3 p<0.05; EF:0.66+/-0.07 to 0.62+/-0.07 p<0.05). JV volume was slightly, but significantly increased (Co: 0.47+/-0.22cm3 CU:0.35+/-014cm3 P<0.05), while MCVv and PV remained unchanged from Pre DI. From D4 AM to PM these parameters did not show any significant change.Conclusion: The results confirm that DI induces, during the first 2-3 h, a significant cephalic fluid shift as observed in spaceflight. During this early phase the thigh cuffs reduced the amplitude of the fluid shift towards the head, but after 4 days in DI there was only a slight memory (residual) effect of DI on the jugular volume and no residual effect of thigh cuffs
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Khazanehei, Hamidreza. "Impacts of reducing the dry period to 40 days and eliminating the far-off diet on milk production, rumen and blood parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiome profile of holstein dairy cows." Canadian Journal of Animal Science, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/31005.

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Effects of a short 40-d dry period with only a close-up diet (SHORT) and a conventional 60-d dry period with a 39-d far-off and a 21-d close-up diet (CONV) on milk production, feed intake, blood and rumen parameters, liver gene expression and rumen microbiota profile were compared in 11 second-parity and 15 third and later parity cows. Milk production was recorded daily during the first 16 wks of lactation. Differential liver gene expression was assessed by affymetrix microarray analysis and DNA extracted from rumen samples was subjected to Illumina sequencing for exploring the microbiome profile. The SHORT treatment reduced milk yield and DMI after calving in third and later parity cows, but not in second-parity cows when compared to the CONV treatment. Cows on the SHORT treatment had higher concentrations of NEFA in blood plasma and tended to have higher liver TAG immediately after calving. These effects tended to be greater in third- and later parity cows compared to second-parity cows. Expression patterns of genes involved in β-oxidation at the first week of lactation compared to those at three weeks before calving showed lower hepatic β-oxidation capacity in cows on the SHORT treatment compared to those on the CONV treatment. During this period, the expression of DGAT, a key gene in the triglyceride synthesis, increased in SHORT-treatment cows while it remained unchanged in CONV-treatment cows. The expression patterns of genes involved in gluconeogenesis showed a higher capacity at first week after calving in cows on the SHORT compared to those on the CONV treatment. Our study also showed that the SHORT treatment increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and reduced the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes compared to the CONV treatment and reduced the shifting of rumen microbiota from before to after calving. Results also demonstrated that the rumen microbiota was more stable in the SHORT treatment during the transition period. Based on these results, a 40-d dry period management with only a close-up diet might be beneficial for second parity cows. However, this treatment may be detrimental for older cows as excessive energy intake and fat deposition during the dry period in these animals result in lower milk production and higher mobilization of NEFA and accumulation of fat in the liver.
February 2016
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Silva, Gisele Machado da Silva. "Avaliação da ocorrência de seca no estado do Rio Grande do Sul." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2015. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br:8080/handle/prefix/3217.

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O Estado do Rio Grande do Sul tem acumulado perdas na produção agropecuária e econômica, em função da ocorrência de eventos de seca. Apesar de todo o avanço tecnológico, a agricultura ainda depende das condições climáticas e meteorológicas e, por isso, estudos devem ser realizados com o intuito de auxiliar na investigação do comportamento da seca, nas mais diversas regiões. Um passo importante para o entendimento dos eventos de seca é a utilização de índices, que fazem um levantamento da situação, conforme uma escala de intensidade, que objetiva dar um panorama do comportamento hídrico da região.Assim, o presente trabalho tem como objetivo identificar e caracterizar o comportamento da seca, utilizando índices meteorológicos, em diferentes escalas temporais para 40 estações, compostas por uma série de dados de precipitação de 90 anos (1913-2002), localizadas no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, obtidas através do banco de dados do Instituto Nacional de Meteorologia e da Agência Nacional de Águas.Para tanto, foram utilizados dois índices de seca: Índice Padronizado de Precipitação, nas escalas temporais de 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 e 24 meses, nas intensidades severa e extrema,e o Índice de Moreno,em escala trimestral e semestral,nas intensidades intensa e severa, bem como a contagem do número total de dias secos e análise da sequência de dias secos.Para o preenchimento de dados das séries de precipitação diária, foi utilizada a modelagem estocástica Cadeia de Markov de dois estados. Os resultados mostraram que para o Índice de Moreno, a escala trimestral, comparativamente à escala semestral, apresentou maior concentração de eventos de seca. Para o Índice Padronizado de Precipitação,as maiores sequências de meses secos foram encontradas na intensidade extrema; a maior ocorrência de eventos de seca severa coincidiu em 85% com os períodos de La Niña e a maior incidência de eventos de seca severa e intensa ocorreu na década de 1943 a 1952. Quantoà espacialização do Índice Padronizado de Precipitação, nas escalas 6, 12 e 24 meses, esta representou adequadamente os resultados obtidos nas sequências de períodos secos.
Due to the occurrence of drought events, the state of Rio Grande do Sul has accumulated losses in the agricultural and economic production. Despite the technological advances, agriculture still depends on climatic and weather conditions and, therefore, studies should be conducted in order to help the investigation of drought behavior in various regions. An important step in the understanding of drought events is the use of indexes, which survey the situation, according to an intensity scale, which aims to give an overview of the water behavior in the region. Thus, this study aims to identify and characterize drought behavior by using meteorological indexes, at different time scales for 40 seasons, consisting of a series of rainfall data from 1913 to 2002, located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, obtained from the database of the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and the National Water Agency (ANA). Therefore, two drought indexes were used: Standardized Precipitation Index, in the time scales of 1, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24 months, in severe and extreme intensities, and the Moreno Index, a quarterly and half-yearly scale, in intense to severe intensities, as well as the count of the total number and sequence analysis of dry days. For data filling of daily precipitation series, the stochastic model was used applying the Markov chain from two states. The results indicated that for the Moreno Index, the quarterly level, compared to the half-yearly scale, showed a higher concentration of drought events. For the Standardized Precipitation Index, the main sequences of dry months were found in extreme intensity; the higher incidence of severe drought events coincided in 85% with periods of La Niña and the higher incidence of severe and intense drought events occurred from 1943 to 1952. As for the spatial distribution of the Standardized Precipitation Index, in the scales 6, 12 and 24 months, it adequately represented the results obtained in the sequences of dry periods.
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Subramaniam, Daniel Niruban. "Dynamics of nitrogen and suspended solids removal in experimental stormwater biofilters under intermittent wetting and drying." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/83040/1/Daniel%20Niruban_Subramaniam_Thesis.pdf.

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This research study comprehensively analyses the dynamics of nitrogen and suspended solids removal in stormwater biofilters. The study focuses on pollutant removal during an event with time, rather than the conventional event-mean analysis. Antecedent dry days (number of days in between rainfall) during which biofilters remain dry and the inflow concentration of pollutants were two other important variables analysed in this study. The research outcome highlights the significance of dry-phase processes and the process of stabilization on filter performance and sets a paradigm shift from the current approach towards an innovative way of performance analysis of biofilters.
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Day, Toby Richard. "Intermountain West native and adapted grass species and their management for turfgrass applications." Thesis, Montana State University, 2006. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2006/day/DayT0806.pdf.

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Thoithi, Wanjiru. "Assessing dry spell and wet day frequencies over southern Africa during the summer rainy season." Master's thesis, Faculty of Science, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33990.

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Rainfall over southern Africa experiences substantial temporal and spatial variability which heavily impacts poor rural populations in the region that rely on rainfed agriculture for their livelihoods. Instead of totals, seasonal rainfall is better characterised by wet and dry events occurring within rainy seasons as knowledge of the frequency of such events is able to inform agricultural activity. Dry spells (pentads having <5 mm) and moderate wet days (10-30 mm) over southern Africa were assessed using high resolution (0.05◦) Climate Hazards group Infrared Precipitation with Stations (CHIRPS) datasets over the period 1981/82-2018/19 during October-November (ON), December-February (DJF) and March-April (MA) using climatology, intensity-frequency and trend analysis. Correlations with SST over the tropical southeast Atlantic and climate modes namely, El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Subtropical ˜Indian Ocean Dipole (SIOD) and Southern Annular Mode (SAM) were computed. These, together with regressed atmospheric and SST fields were used to identify possible mechanisms for changes in dry spell and moderate wet day frequencies during austral summer. Two strong gradients in dry spell frequency were found to be present during DJF, one diagonal along the western margins of the Kalahari desert and the other meridional, lying across 20-24◦S. Topographic influences on rainfall were observed near the Drakensberg and Chimanimani mountains, Mulanje massif and Madagascan highlands where dry spell frequency (DSF) (moderate wet day frequency (MWDF)) tended to be relatively lower (higher). A region which frequently experienced half of the season as dry was identified lying across 22-24◦S (18-25◦S) during DJF (MA), with a core in the central Limpopo River Valley where 85-100% (100%) of the seasons were dry for half the season. DSF and MWDF trends indicated that drying has occurred over central South Africa during ON whereas decreasing DSF and increasing MWDF trends pointed to a weakening diagonal and meridional gradient during DJF. Additionally, increasing MWDF trends over important agricultural areas have occurred during DJF. Trends over central South Africa, part of the diagonal gradient, were associated with changes in ENSO, SAM, the Botswana High and SST in the SE Atlantic whereas those in the western Botswana region, part of the meridional gradient, were associated with those in the SIOD, Mozambique Channel Trough and Mascarene High and SST in the eastern and western Pacific.
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Huston, John Martin. "Origins in Genesis day-ages or six-literal days? /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.

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Fisher, Douglas. "One Day, Some Day." TopSCHOLAR®, 1996. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/867.

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When someone asks us how old we are, we tell them the number of years that we have lived. But those years are comprised of days: days that wrinkle our brows, burn searing holes in our souls, and those days--filled with joy, terror, humor, fear, and exasperation--are the sum totals of our age. One Day. Some Day is a collection of short fiction that deals with the events of one day in the life of the characters. The titles of the stories reflect this theme, i.e., "Thursday's Child, 11 "A Measure of Days," and "One of These Days." I have endeavored to inject my stories with the emotions and experiences that comprise our daily lives.
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Liu, Xuelu. "The estimation of genetic parameters of test day dry matter intake, energy intake and milk yield of Holstein cows." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ35907.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Dry days"

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Boelts, Maribeth. Dry days, wet nights. Morton Grove, Ill: Whitman, 1994.

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Will, Rudolph Otto. The Willbillys: The dry years and the lingering days of the Great Depression. Edmunds, Wash: Centerra Group, 2007.

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Hughes, Paul. The days of the week. Ada, OK: Garrett Educational Corp., 1989.

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Lucky in love. Washington, D.C: Review and Herald Pub. Association, 1986.

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Howley, Richard Vincent. Sermon preached by the Rev. Doctor Howley in the Cathedral, St. John's on thefeast of St. Patrick, 1869. St. John's, Nfld: [s.n.], 1987.

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Ten days. Boise, Idaho: Pacific Press Pub. Association, 1986.

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Poya days. New Delhi: Asian Educational Services, 1999.

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ill, Murphy Patti Beling, ed. Day care days. Boston, Mass: Little, Brown, 1999.

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Schroeder, Pamela J. P. Time. Vero Beach, FL: Rourke Publications, 1996.

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Shepard, Sam. Day Out of Days. New York: Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Dry days"

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Larbi, Isaac, Clement Nyamekye, Fabien C. C. Hountondji, Gloria C. Okafor, and Peter Rock Ebo Odoom. "Climate Change Impact on Climate Extremes and Adaptation Strategies in the Vea Catchment, Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1937–53. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_95.

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AbstractClimate change impact on rainfall and temperature extreme indices in the Vea catchment was analyzed using observation and an ensemble mean of bias-corrected regional climate models datasets for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 4.5) scenario. Rainfall extreme indices such as annual total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT), extremely wet days (R99P), consecutive wet days (CWD), consecutive dry days (CDD), and temperature indices such as warmest day (TXx) and warmest night (TNx) from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI) were computed for both the historical (1986–2016) and future (2020–2049) period using the RClimdex. The parametric ordinary least square (OLS) regression approach was used to detect trends in the time series of climate change and extreme indices. The results show an increase in mean annual temperature at the rate of 0.02 °C/year and a variability in rainfall at the catchment, under RCP 4.5 scenario. The warmest day and warmest night were projected to increase by 0.8 °C and 0.3 °C, respectively, in the future relative to the historical period. The intensity (e.g., R99p) and frequency (e.g., CDD) of extreme rainfall indices were projected to increase by 29 mm and 26 days, respectively, in the future. This is an indication of the vulnerability of the catchment to the risk of climate disasters (e.g., floods and drought). Adaptation strategies such as early warning systems, availability of climate information, and flood control measures are recommended to reduce the vulnerability of the people to the risk of the projected impact of climate extreme in the future.
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Larbi, Isaac, Clement Nyamekye, Fabien C. C. Hountondji, Gloria C. Okafor, and Peter Rock Ebo Odoom. "Climate Change Impact on Climate Extremes and Adaptation Strategies in the Vea Catchment, Ghana." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1–17. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42091-8_95-1.

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AbstractClimate change impact on rainfall and temperature extreme indices in the Vea catchment was analyzed using observation and an ensemble mean of bias-corrected regional climate models datasets for Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP 4.5) scenario. Rainfall extreme indices such as annual total wet-day precipitation (PRCPTOT), extremely wet days (R99P), consecutive wet days (CWD), consecutive dry days (CDD), and temperature indices such as warmest day (TXx) and warmest night (TNx) from the Expert Team on Climate Change Detection Monitoring Indices (ETCCDMI) were computed for both the historical (1986–2016) and future (2020–2049) period using the RClimdex. The parametric ordinary least square (OLS) regression approach was used to detect trends in the time series of climate change and extreme indices. The results show an increase in mean annual temperature at the rate of 0.02 °C/year and a variability in rainfall at the catchment, under RCP 4.5 scenario. The warmest day and warmest night were projected to increase by 0.8 °C and 0.3 °C, respectively, in the future relative to the historical period. The intensity (e.g., R99p) and frequency (e.g., CDD) of extreme rainfall indices were projected to increase by 29 mm and 26 days, respectively, in the future. This is an indication of the vulnerability of the catchment to the risk of climate disasters (e.g., floods and drought). Adaptation strategies such as early warning systems, availability of climate information, and flood control measures are recommended to reduce the vulnerability of the people to the risk of the projected impact of climate extreme in the future.
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Bingoel, A. S., S. Strauss, and P. M. Vogt. "Clinical Application of wIRA Irradiation in Burn Wounds." In Water-filtered Infrared A (wIRA) Irradiation, 189–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-92880-3_15.

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AbstractBesides operative procedures (e.g., necrosectomies, skin grafting), conservative treatments of thermal injuries are increasingly important. wIRA as an additional therapy for burns, scalds, and chemically induced injuries and for treating severe skin reactions (e.g., toxic epidermal necrolysis) is used in our clinic on a daily basis. The most successful therapy involves 3–4 irradiations/30 min/day. Therefore, patients with superficial partial-thickness burns are treated with topical polyhexanide ointment and wIRA 2–4 days after the accident. In these cases, we see a quick wound-drying and a rapid re-epithelialization of the skin. The approach in deep partial-thickness burns depends on whether surgical procedures must be postponed due to poor general conditions. In these patients, preservation of the wound perfusion in regions that are not fully damaged is intended, avoiding extensive necrosectomies.Although third-degree burns are dry and do not require wIRA irradiation, it can be used for adjacent regions with minor degree burns. Preliminary in vitro data suggest a wIRA-induced migration of adipose-derived stem cells.Postoperatively, wIRA is used on areas transplanted with split-thickness skin grafts. After removal of the tie-over bolsters, wIRA is applied 3–4 times/20–30 min/day. The grafts exhibit a faster epithelialization of the fenestrated spots, and postoperative infections seem to be less frequent.
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Abdalla, Elgailani, Tarig Ahmed, Omar Bakhit, Yasir Gamar, Salih Elshaikh, Yasir Mohammed, and Abdellatif Sulaiman And Hatim Mardi. "Groundnut mutants with end-of-season drought tolerance for the marginal dry lands of North Kordofan State, Sudan." In Mutation breeding, genetic diversity and crop adaptation to climate change, 243–57. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249095.0025.

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Abstract Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.), produced in the traditional small-scale rainfed sector of Western Sudan, accounts for 80% of the total annual groundnut acreage, producing 70% of the total production. Low productivity of groundnut is a characteristic feature in North Kordofan State, which is characterized as the most vulnerable state to the impact of climate change. Terminal drought stress resulting from reduction in rainfall amount and distribution at the end of the season is the most deleterious drought period, as it coincides with groundnut pod filling and maturation periods. High and stable yields under subsistence farming conditions in North Kordofan State could be realized only by using adapted high-yielding, drought-tolerant genotypes. Mutation induction by gamma-rays of 200 and 300 Gy was utilized to irradiate 500 dry seeds of the Spanish-type groundnut genotypes, Barberton, Sodari, ICGV 89104, ICGV 86743, ICGV 86744 and ICG 221, aiming at increasing the chances of obtaining genotypes with the desired drought-tolerant traits. Mutants were selected from the M3 plants using visual morphological traits. Groundnut mutants at the M4 and M5 generations, advanced by single seed descent, were evaluated for end-of-season drought tolerance. A terminal drought period of 25 days was imposed after 60 days from planting, using a rainout shelter. Mutants that survived 25 days of terminal drought stress were further evaluated for agronomic performance under rainfed field conditions. The groundnut mutant, Barberton-b-30-3-B, produced 1024 kg/ha, a significantly higher mean pod yield over 12 seasons compared with 926 kg/ha for 'Gubeish', the widely grown released check cultivar, showing overall yield advantage of 11%. Under 5 years of participatory research, Barberton-b-30-3-B was ranked the best with yield increment of 21% over 'Gubeish' under the mother trials. The GGE biplot analysis for 12 and five seasons, respectively, showed that Barberton-b-30-3-B was stable and produced a good yield in both high and low rainfall situations. Hence, Barberton-b-30-3-B was found to be a suitable mutant for sustainable profitable yields in the marginal dry lands of North Kordofan State and was officially released as 'Tafra-1' by the National Variety Release Committee during its second meeting of April 2018.
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Durner, Edward F. "The Latin square design." In Applied plant science experimental design and statistical analysis using the SAS® OnDemand for Academics, 192–203. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249927.0013.

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Abstract This chapter focuses on Latin square design. The vegetative to floral transition of the apical meristem in main crowns of strawberry plants were investigated. Five treatments was considered: (1) a control; (2) long days (16 hours) at 25°C; (3) long days at 10°C; (4) short days (8 hours) at 25°C; and (5) short days at 10°C. Experiments were set-up as a Latin square dividing each day's work schedule into five segments, thus have five rows (days), five columns (time of day) and five treatments. Results indicates that there was not much variability associated with the day of the week or the time of day for dissection.
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Quenum, Gandome Mayeul L. D., Nana A. B. Klutse, Eric A. Alamou, Emmanuel A. Lawin, and Philip G. Oguntunde. "Precipitation Variability in West Africa in the Context of Global Warming and Adaptation Recommendations." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1533–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_85.

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AbstractIt is commonly accepted that the Earth’s climate is changing and will continue to change in the future. Rising temperatures are one of the direct indicators of global climate change. To investigate how the rising global temperature will affect the spatial pattern of rainfall in West Africa, the precipitation and potential evapotranspiration variables from ten Global Climate Models (GCMs) under the RCP8.5 scenario were driven by the Rossby Centre regional atmospheric model (RCA4) from the COordinated Regional Climate Downscaling EXperiment (CORDEX) and analyzed at four specific global warming levels (GWLs) (i.e., 1.5 °C, 2.0 °C, 2.5 °C, and 3.0 °C) above the preindustrial level. This study utilized three indices, the precipitation concentration index (PCI), the precipitation concentration degree (PCD), and the precipitation concentration period (PCP) over West Africa to explore the spatiotemporal variations in the characteristics of precipitation concentrations. Besides, the analysis of the effect of the specified GWLs on the Consecutive Dry Days (CDD), Consecutive Wet Days (CWD), and frequency of the intense rainfall events allowed to a better understanding of the spatial and temporal patterns of extreme precipitation in West Africa. Results reveal that, for the projections simulations and at each GWL, the rainfall onset starts one month earlier in the Gulf of Guinea in response to the control period. To encourage adaptation to the various changes in climate in general, and particularly in respect of rainfall, this study proposes several adaptation methods that can be implemented at the local (country) level, as well as some mitigation and adaptation strategies at the regional (West African) level.
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Shaw, William. "Early Days." In Dr Johnson, 3–7. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-08286-5_1.

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Simon, Vera C. "Reunification Day — Day of German Unity?" In National Days, 151–65. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230251175_11.

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Pearson, Warren, and Grant O’Neill. "Australia Day: A Day for All Australians?" In National Days, 73–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230251175_6.

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"The Final Days of AIDS Inc." In Dry Bones Breathe, 265–92. Routledge, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315865416-12.

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Conference papers on the topic "Dry days"

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KLIMAS, Evaldas, Jolanta LELIŪNIENĖ, and Ligita BALEŽENTIENĖ. "VERNALISATION IMPACT ON BIOMETRICAL PARAMETERS OF FESTULOLIUM VARIETIES." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.002.

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Many plants, including Festulolium, grown in temperate climates require vernalization and must experience a period of low winter temperature to initiate or accelerate the flowering process. The aim of research was to investigate impact of vernalisation thermoinduction on growth and development parameters of Festulolium varieties ‘Vėtra’ and ‘Punia DS’. Investigations were carried out in Lithuanian Research Centre for Agriculture and Forestry Institute of Horticulture, Plant Physiology Laboratory of phytotron complex in 2011–2012. Some peculiarities of growth and development of. Festulolium varieties ’Vėtra’ and ‘Punia DS’ were investigated. 5 plants were sown in each 5 litre pot in neutral peat substrate (pH 6–6.5). The plants were grown in greenhouse till the tillering phase at the temperature of 20±2 °C at daytime and 16±2 °C at night. Later plants were moved to low temperature chambers for 90, 110 and 130 days for passing of vernalisation processes, where the 8 and 16 hour photoperiod were maintained at 4 °C temperature. After vernalisation periods plants were removed to a greenhouse for additional 20 days. Biometric parameters, namely plant height, shoot number and dry mass were measured after each period in greenhouse and climatic chambers. The data revealed different response of Festulolium varieties ‘Vėtra’ and ‘Punia DS’ to vernalisation conditions. According to our data ‘Vėtra’ plant height was 6 % higher than the ‘Punia DS’ after 130+20 days of vernalisation. Nonetheless, vernalisation temperature conditions have no significant impact on shoot number. 110 and 130 long-day photoperiod significantly impacted on shoot number of Festulolium ʽVėtraʼ. Otherwise, 90 days vernalisation of both photoperiod induced significantly the highest length of ‘Punia DSʼ shoots. ‘Vėtraʼ accumulated significantly the maximum dry matter after 110 days vernalisation period, than that after 90 and 130 days.
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Lysov, Maxim, Konstantin Pukhky, and Vadim Turlapov. "Combined Processing of Hyperspectral and Thermal Images of Plants in Soil for the Early Diagnosis of Drought." In 31th International Conference on Computer Graphics and Vision. Keldysh Institute of Applied Mathematics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.20948/graphicon-2021-3027-529-541.

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The possibilities of explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) in the early diagnosis of drought in plants based on hyperspectral images (HSI) are investigated. To provide the explainability and high accuracy to the result, we used the markup of HSI by superimposed Thermal IR (TIR) images of the last day of the experiment. Traditional HSI-based NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) images were also constructed. The markup of HSIs based on their clustering by the k-means method into 5 classes was also objectified: wet plants; plants in a state of drought; wet soil; dry soil; background. For HSI, on the day of the experiment started, the number of clusters was set to 2 less to reflect the absence of drought circumstances. For use in training and testing, all HSIs channels are marked up with the results of clustering. The HIS-TIR-combination made it possible to determine the temperature for each plant pixel in HSI, and as the result to determine the number of days without watering. A fully connected Double Layer Perceptron (DLP) neural network was used to solve classification and regression problems. The trained DLP-regressor showed the average accuracy of predicting the temperature of plants on the control days of the experiment RMSE = 0.52 degrees, providing an error in predicting the day of the beginning of the drought for near 2 days. The DLP-classifier was able to classify the drought of the plant in the early stages (the fifth day) with an accuracy of 97.3%. Software tools: pytorch, scikit-learn, pysptools.
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Arun Kumar, M. "An Experimental Investigation of Lightweight Self Compacting Concrete with Replacement of Coarse Aggregate as Pumice Stone- A Review." In Sustainable Materials and Smart Practices. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644901953-22.

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Abstract. Due to its unique properties as compared to ordinary concrete, lightweight concrete play a major role in construction sector. Here, this research explain the development of lightweight self-compact concrete by replacing the coarse aggregate together the pumice stone, which is used as a lightweight material in various proportions. An investigation on the effect of coarse aggregate on the partially replaced with pumice stone in lightweight self-compact concrete is carried out. The fresh and hard property of this lightweight self-compacting concrete have been studied and compared with the results of normal concrete. Pumice stone is used due to its special property such as unit weight, heat insulation property, resistance against fire when we combined with the coating substance the properties of this concrete has been improved. Several properties of lightweight self-compacting concretes such as unit weight, flow diameter, flow diameter after an hour, V-funnel and L-box tests, 28 days split- tensile strength, dry unit test, water absorption 7- and 28-day compressive strength, and ultrasonic pulse velocity test was investigated. According to the study, lightweight self-compacting concrete properties include flow strength, segregation resistance, and filling capability of fresh concrete. Pumice stone is used by replacing with natural coarse aggregate, at the levels of 20%, 40%, 60%, 80% by volume with fly ash and blast furnace slag minerals at the constant rate of 40%. 28 days compressive strength, dry unit weights, thermal conductivity in addition to ultra-sonic velocity of self-compacting concrete were obtained. The compression, flexural, and split tensile strengths of cubes, cylinders, along with prisms are tested for 7, 14, and 28 days. Results shows that pumice stone met the requirements for structural applications.
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Sato, Ikken, Akifumi Yamaji, Xin Li, and Hiroshi Madokoro. "Estimation of Long-Term Ex-Vessel Debris Cooling by Water in Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Unit-3." In 2021 28th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone28-64246.

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Abstract Interpretation for the two-week long Unit 3 ex-vessel debris cooling behavior was conducted based on 1F plant and site data such as pressure, temperature, gamma ray level and live camera pictures. It was estimated that the debris relocated to the pedestal was in partial contact with liquid water for about initial two days. With the reduction of the sea water injection flowrate, the debris, both in-vessel and ex-vessel ones, became “dry”, in which the debris was only weakly cooled by vapor and this condition lasted for about four days until the increase of the sea water injection. During this dry period, in-vessel and ex-vessel debris were heat up and it took another four days to re-flood the heated up debris.
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"Seismic signature of the Contagem River (Brasilia), Brazil in dry and flooding days and its impacts on HVSR measurements." In International Congress of the Brazilian Geophysical Society&Expogef. Brazilian Geophysical Society, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/17cisbgf2021.314.

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Shigueva, Tatiana, Vladimir Kitov, Inesa Kozlovskaya, Oleg Orlov, and Elena Tomilovskaya. "EFFECTS OF 21-DAYS DRY IMMERSION ON CHARACTERISTICS OF MOTOR UNIT’S ACTIVITY AND OF REFLEX EXCITABILITY OF CALF EXTENSOR MUSCLES." In XVI International interdisciplinary congress "Neuroscience for Medicine and Psychology". LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1345.sudak.ns2020-16/530-531.

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Graells-Garrido, Eduardo, and Diego Saez-Trumper. "A Day of Your Days." In Urb-IoT '16: The Second International Conference on IoT in Urban Space. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2962735.2962737.

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Zhou, Gong, and Aly Shaaban. "Novel Chemical Heatpump Technology for Thermoelectric Powerplants Cooling Needs." In ASME 2020 Power Conference collocated with the 2020 International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/power2020-16488.

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Abstract With an increasing need to find ways to reduce water consumption in industrial cooling system, dry cooling has been of a great interest. To eliminate the dependence of powerplant cooling needs on water, a novel technology, called ACTIVE, has been developed. ACTIVE, is a novel chemical heatpump cycle, cools below the ambient wet bulb temperature with coefficient of performance (COP) reaching up to 30, outperforming current dry cooling technology especially during hot summer days. ACTIVE employs a cyclic depolymerization-polymerization process, based on readily available polymers and catalysts. In this effort the ACTIVE cycle was developed starting with a concept and was reduced to practice. Here the cycle is explained and test results are presented.
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Santos, Marco Antonio, and Christiane Lopes Machado. "PETROBRAS 40: Technical Concepts and Solutions for the World’s Greatest Dry Tow." In ASME 2002 21st International Conference on Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2002-28190.

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The world’s greatest dry transportation already done is the floating production unit PETROBRAS 40 from Singapore to Brazil. PETROBRAS 40 is a 42000 tons semi-submersible floating production unit of 150000 b.p.d. which was converted from the derrick barge DB100 hull. All the naval design for this conversion was developed by PROJEMAR S.A. The transportation from the yard at Singapore to the South Marlim field at Campos Basin, Brazil was done in a heavy lift ship to accelerate the delivery of the PETROBRAS 40. This study had several analysis performed to guarantee the feasibility of the operation. Due to the three-pontoon configuration of the hull and its large weight, the loads induced by the hull girder analysis of the heavy lift ship were mandatory to the analysis of the unit. The configuration of the semi-submersible structure did not allow it to be supported only at the side pontoons, leaving the center pontoon free to deflect. This situation would lead to large deflection on the hull and, consequently, high stresses would be installed on the PETROBRAS 40 hull. The separate analysis of the vessel and the PETROBRAS 40 hull generated a very conservative interface load and/or deflection. Therefore, the hull girder analysis of the heavy lift ship had to be detailed for a very specific critical wave conditions that the dry transportation could face in the 45 days trip. In order to minimize the contingency factors in a safe condition, several studies were performed on the weather routing and consequently in the wave height and associated period. Then, this paper presents all the technical aspects used in the dry tow analysis and discuss the possible solutions found to make it feasible.
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Schlein, Barry C., David A. Anderson, Markus Beukenberg, Klaus D. Mohr, Hans L. Leiner, and Wolfgang Träptau. "Development History and Field Experiences of the First FT8 Gas Turbine With Dry Low NOx Combustion System." In ASME 1999 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exhibition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/99-gt-241.

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This paper describes the FT8-2 Dry Low NOx (DLN) combustor development process and reviews the development history and initial field experience at a natural gas pipeline station in Germany. The development process is primarily focused on defining a fuel nozzle or injector, investigating emissions, fuel-air mixing, flame stability, acoustics, flashback resistance, and flame disgorgement. Empirical development tools including single nozzle and sector combustion rigs, as well as flame imaging techniques, are discussed. A summary of in-house engine development testing is provided. The control methodology used to meet emissions, while maintaining combustor pressure pulsations at an acceptable level, is provided. The natural gas compressor station design and operational experience with a GHH BORSIG compressor driven by the FT8 engine in Werne, Germany is summarized. Also presented are details of the very short conversion period from Standard to DLN combustor with the first successful ignition of the engine 26 days after work had begun.
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Reports on the topic "Dry days"

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Dahl, Geoffrey E., Sameer Mabjeesh, Thomas B. McFadden, and Avi Shamay. Environmental manipulation during the dry period of ruminants: strategies to enhance subsequent lactation. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2006.7586544.bard.

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The project resulted from earlier observations that environmental factors, especially photoperiod and temperature, had profound effects on milk yield in dairy cattle during lactation. More recently we had determined that photoperiod manipulation during the dry period altered milk yield in the next lactation, and this was associated with shifts in circulating concentrations of prolactin; specifically exposure to short days during the dry period decreases prolactin but increases milk yield. Because prolactin is also affected by temperature, with heat stress causing an increase in prolactin similar to that of long day exposure, we focused our efforts on determining prolactin signaling provides a common pathway for generation of environmental effects on mammary growth, development and subsequent function during the dry period of dairy ruminants. Over the project period we made significant progress toward testing our hypotheses that (I): In cows, there is a discrete duration of time during the dry period in which exposure to short days will result in optimal enhancement of mammary development and milk yield in the following lactation, and that this effect is mediated through demonstrable changes in mammary gland development, prolactin signaling, and mammary gene expression; and (II): Modulation of photoperiod and temperature during the dry period will affect milk yield in goats in the subsequent lactation via shifts in nutrient and endocrine partitioning, and mammary gene expression, during the dry period and into lactation. Cows exposed to short days for only the final 21 days of the dry period did not produce more milk that those on long day or natural photoperiod when dry. However, cows on short days for the entire 60 days dry did produce more milk than the other 3 groups. This indicates that there is a duration effect of short day exposure on subsequent milk yield. Results of the second study in cows indicate that mammary growth increases differentially during the dry period under long vs. short days, and that short days drive more extensive growth which is associated with altered prolactin signaling via decreases in an suppressors of cytokine signaling that represent an inhibitory pathway to mammary growth. Evidence from the studies in Israel confirms that goats respond to short days during the dry period in a similar manner to cows. In addition, heat stress effects on during the dry period can be limited by exposure to short days. Here again, shifts in prolactin signaling, along with changes in IGF-I secretion, are associated with the observed changes in mammary function in goats. These results have a number of biological and practical implications. For dairy producers, it is clear that we can recommend that cows and goats should be on reduced light exposure during the dry period, and further, cows and goats should be cooled to avoid heat stress during that time. Environmental influences on mammary growth are apparent during the dry period, and those effects have persistent impact in the subsequent lactation. Prolactin signaling is a consistent mechanism whereby extended light exposure and heat stress may depress mammary growth and development during the dry period. Thus, the prolactin signaling system offers an opportunity for further manipulation to improve production efficiency in dairy ruminants.
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2

Smith, M. C. The furnace in the basement: Part 1, The early days of the Hot Dry Rock Geothermal Energy Program, 1970--1973. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), September 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/106724.

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3

Kenneth Sprouse and David Matthews. Linear Extrusion 400 Tons/Day Dry Solids Pump. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001421.

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4

Hamermesh, Daniel, and Jeff Biddle. Days of Work Over a Half Century: The Rise of the Four-day Week. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w30106.

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5

Shivakumar, Pranavkumar, Kanika Gupta, Antonio Bobet, Boonam Shin, and Peter J. Becker. Estimating Strength from Stiffness for Chemically Treated Soils. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317383.

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The central theme of this study is to identify strength-stiffness correlations for chemically treated subgrade soils in Indiana. This was done by conducting Unconfined Compression (UC) Tests and Resilient Modulus Tests for soils collected at three different sites—US-31, SR-37, and I-65. At each site, soil samples were obtained from 11 locations at 30 ft spacing. The soils were treated in the laboratory with cement, using the same proportions used for construction, and cured for 7 and 28 days before testing. Results from the UC tests were compared with the resilient modulus results that were available. No direct correlation was found between resilient modulus and UCS parameters for the soils investigated in this study. A brief statistical analysis of the results was conducted, and a simple linear regression model involving the soil characteristics (plasticity index, optimum moisture content and maximum dry density) along with UCS and resilient modulus parameters was proposed.
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Reuben, Cynthia, Nazik Elgaddal, and Lindsey Black. Data Brief 462: Sleep Medication Use in Adults Aged 18 and Over: United States, 2020. National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.15620/cdc:123013.

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This report uses 2020 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) data to describe the percentage of men and women who used any medication to help fall or stay asleep most days or every day in the past 30 days, by select sociodemographic characteristics.
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7

Hockman, Lee J. King Day. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, March 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada239396.

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8

Samach, Alon, Douglas Cook, and Jaime Kigel. Molecular mechanisms of plant reproductive adaptation to aridity gradients. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696513.bard.

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Annual plants have developed a range of different mechanisms to avoid flowering (exposure of reproductive organs to the environment) under adverse environmental conditions. Seasonal environmental events such as gradual changes in day length and temperature affect the timing of transition to flowering in many annual and perennial plants. Research in Arabidopsis and additional species suggest that some environmental signals converge on transcriptional regulation of common floral integrators such as FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT). Here we studied environmental induction of flowering in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Similarly to Arabidopsis, the transition to flowering in M. truncatula is hastened by long photoperiods and long periods of vernalization (4°C for 2-3 weeks). Ecotypes collected in Israel retain a vernalization response even though winter temperatures are way above 4°C. Here we show that this species is also highly responsive (flowers earlier) to mild ambient temperatures up to 19°C simulating winter conditions in its natural habitat. Physiological experiments allowed us to time the transition to flowering due to low temperatures, and to compare it to vernalization. We have made use of natural variation, and induced mutants to identify key genes involved in this process, and we provide here data suggesting that an FT gene in M.truncatula is transcriptionally regulated by different environmental cues. Flowering time was found to be correlated with MtFTA and MtFTB expression levels. Mutation in the MtFTA gene showed a late flowering phenotype, while over-expressing MtFTA in Arabidopsis complemented the ft- phenotype. We found that combination of 4°C and 12°C resulted in a synergistic increase in MtFTB expression, while combining 4°C and long photoperiods caused a synergistic increase in MtFTA expression. These results suggest that the two vernalization temperatures work through distinct mechanisms. The early flowering kalil mutant expressed higher levels of MtFTA and not MtFTB suggesting that the KALIL protein represses MtFTA specifically. The desert ecotype Sde Boker flowers earlier in response to short treatments of 8-12oc vernalization and expresses higher levels of MtFTA. This suggests a possible mechanism this desert ecotype developed to flower as fast as possible and finish its growth cycle before the dry period. MtFTA and FT expression are induced by common environmental cues in each species, and expression is repressed under short days. Replacing FT with the MtFTA gene (including regulatory elements) caused high MtFTA expression and early flowering under short days suggesting that the mechanism used to repress flowering under short days has diversified between the two species.The circadian regulated gene, GIGANTEA (GI) encodes a unique protein in Arabidopsis that is involved in flowering mechanism. In this research we characterized how the expression of the M.truncatula GI ortholog is regulated by light and temperature in comparison to its regulation in Arabidopsis. In Arabidopsis GI was found to be involved in temperature compensation to the clock. In addition, GI was found to be involved in mediating the effect of temperature on flowering time. We tested the influence of cold temperature on the MtGI gene in M.truncatula and found correlation between MtGI levels and extended periods of 12°C treatment. MtGI elevation that was found mostly after plants were removed from the cold influence preceded the induction of MtFT expression. This data suggests that MtGI might be involved in 12°C cold perception with respect to flowering in M.truncatula. GI seems to integrate diverse environmental inputs and translates them to the proper physiological and developmental outputs, acting through several different pathways. These research enabled to correlate between temperature and circadian clock in M.truncatula and achieved a better understanding of the flowering mechanism of this species.
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Hoffmann, Bridget, and Juan Pablo Rud. Research Insights: How Do High Levels of Fine Particulate Matter Impact Daily Labor Supply in Mexico City? Inter-American Development Bank, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004368.

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There is a negative, non-linear relationship between fine particulate matter (PM 2.5) and same-day labor supply, with strong effects on extremely polluted days. Workers partially compensate for lost hours by increasing their labor supply on days that follow high-pollution days. Informal workers reduce their labor supply less than formal workers on high-pollution days and compensate less on the following days. This suggests that informal workers may experience greater exposure to high pollution and greater reductions in labor supply and income.
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Zhang, Linlin, Xiaoming Xi, Xihua Liu, Xinjie Qu, Qing Wang, Haihao Cao, Limin Wang, et al. Should aerobic and resistance training interventions for Multiple sclerosis be performed on the same day: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2021.12.0126.

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Review question / Objective: P (Population) : patients diagnosed with multiple sclerosis; I (Intervention) : aerobic training and resistance training; C (Comparison) : the efficacy and safety were compared on the same day and different days; O (Outcome) : Evaluates dysfunction, quality of life, fatigue, aerobic capacity or muscle function, mood, cognition, and safety. S (Study Design) : Systematic review and Network meta-analysis. Eligibility criteria: Measures in the intervention group: aerobic training (taijiquan, Baduanjin, qigong, yoga, swimming, cycling, jogging, brisk walking, etc.) and resistance training were used simultaneously, including studies conducted on the same day and on different days. There are no restrictions on training time, frequency and intensity.Control group measures: no intervention or conventional treatment.
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