Journal articles: 'Dry cleaning Energy consumption'

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Dahlioui, Dounia, Fayrouz El Hamdani, Abdelali Djdiaa, Teodoro Martínez López, and Hicham Bouzekri. "Assessment of dry and wet cleaning of aluminum mirrors toward water consumption reduction." Renewable Energy 205 (March 2023): 248–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.01.086.

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Ariyawansha, Thilanka, Dimuthu Abeyrathna, Buddhika Kulasekara, Devananda Pottawela, Dinesh Kodithuwakku, Sandya Ariyawansha, Natasha Sewwandi, WBMAC Bandara, Tofael Ahamed, and Ryozo Noguchi. "A Novel Approach to Minimize Energy Requirements and Maximize Biomass Utilization of the Sugarcane Harvesting System in Sri Lanka." Energies 13, no. 6 (March 22, 2020): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13061497.

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Sugarcane harvesting requires a significant amount of energy and time to manage dry leaves after the harvesting process. Therefore, the objective of this study was to minimize the energy requirement to process the cane and dry leaves’ harvesting (CDLH) for sugarcane while, at the same time, maximizing sugar production from cane and energy from dry leaves in Sri Lanka. The CDLH was conceptualized using a novel approach to optimize sugarcane harvesting to maximize biomass supply for energy production while reducing supply chain sugar-loss. The CDLH was investigated for manual harvesting capacity, energy consumption, sugar loss, and biomass energy potential. It was observed that CDLH consumed higher energy compared to the present practices of harvesting. However, the energy used for fieldwork was reduced because of the shifting of cane chopping and cleaning from the field to the factory. Low bulk density of the harvested cane of the CDLH system had a higher energy requirement in transportation. Comparatively, CDLH showed higher biomass energy potential and less sugar loss. High energy potential increases the energy potential to consumption ratio compared to the existing method. Therefore, the theoretical evaluation showed that the CDLH system can produce more than 20 kg of sugar and 879 MJ of electricity when processing 1 t of sugarcane.

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Fiaschi, Daniele, and Lorenzo Talluri. "Assessment of the thermoelectric conversion potential of low-temperature waste heat from textile dry-cleaning processes." E3S Web of Conferences 113 (2019): 03019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911303019.

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Even though textile industry is not considered an energy intensive sector, it comprises a large number of plants consuming and wasting a significant amount of energy that could be, at least partially, conveniently recovered. The objective of this work is to assess the possibilities and convenience of energy recovery from waste heat of different processes of a dry industrial textile laundry. The various thermal wastes from the processes were identified and characterised, in order to estimate their potential recovery and conversion into electricity. A suitable system layout was conceived, in order to exploit the heat deriving from thermal waste of different machinery in the factory, having distinct temperature levels, to an ORC powerplant, which converts the recovered heat into electricity. The ORC cycle was optimized to maximize the thermoelectric efficiency, comparing different possible working fluids. The best fluid was RC318, from which 92.5 kW power output was achieved, at 9.2% efficiency. The economic analysis revealed, conservatively, a payback period of 7 years for the whole system, which is potentially very interesting. The amount of electricity produced by the waste heat recovery equipment is well matched to the company's electrical needs, resulting in a significant reduction of electricity consumption, greatly reducing the electrical withdrawal from the grid and the related costs. The case study, the proposed solutions and the methodology have general aspects and may be extended to a wide range of cases in the sector of industrial textile laundry.

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Zhang, Fu Ming. "Research and Practice on BF Gas Dry Type Dedusting Technology at Contemporary Blast Furnace." Advanced Materials Research 610-613 (December 2012): 2134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.610-613.2134.

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Blast furnace (BF) gas dry type bag filter desusting technology is an important technical innovation for energy saving, emission reducing and clean production for contemporary BF. It can reduce significantly the fresh water consumption during iron making process and reduce environmental pollution. It has become the development direction of contemporary BF iron making technology. The technical advantages and principle of BF gas dry bag filter dedusting are described in this paper, and the research and application on dry type bag filter dedusting technology of BF gas for 5500m3 BF at Shougang Jingtang (SGJT) are applied. The full dry type bag filter cleaning technology of gas self-developed has been applied successfully in 5500m3 BF, and standby wet type gas dedusting system has been cancelled. Several key technologies have been developed including gas temperature control, anti-corrosion of pipe, measuring of dust content in gas, dense phase pneumatic transportation of collected dust etc. The full dry type dedusting technology has reached internationally advanced level.

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Wahab, Hamdani. "Analysis of Energy and Exergoeconomic on Water Cleaning and Injection Facilities in the CPP Block, Indonesia." Journal of Ocean, Mechanical and Aerospace -science and engineering- (JOMAse) 66, no. 2 (July 30, 2022): 41–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.36842/jomase.v66i2.285.

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One of the problems in the upstream oil and gas industry is that large quantities of produced water must go through a water cleaning and injection process in accordance with the Regulation of the State Minister of the Environment Number 19 of 2010 of the Republic of Indonesia concerning the quality standards of wastewater for oil and gas and geothermal activities. A total of 224,257.1 barrels of water per day which is produced water in the CPP Block must go through a water management process which requires a large energy consumption of 269.47 MW/month. One effort to reduce the use of electrical energy is to conduct energy and exergy analysis to determine the point of greatest energy use as a result of exergy destruction and convert it into economic costs as operating cost losses. From the research, it is known that the largest electrical energy consumption is at the injection pump 235.47 MW/month with exergy 67.72 KW, the largest exergy destruction is 31.04 KW at the charge filter pump with an efficiency of 54%. Energy and exergy analysis is used to identify changes in energy quality in a system.

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Lukyanov, Alexander V., Stanislav M. Orlov, and Boris R. Romanenko. "Study of the characteristics of the ascending vortex of the cyclone and the concentration of dust along its section." Vestnik MGSU, no. 8 (August 2021): 1034–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.22227/1997-0935.2021.8.1034-1044.

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Introduction. Protection of the atmosphere is a social and economic problem inextricably linked with the task of creating comfortable conditions for human life and work. Cyclones are the most typical representatives of dry inertial dust collectors. This work is aimed at reducing energy consumption when cleaning gas with cyclones. Materials and methods. In the course of the work, analytical and experimental research methods were applied. Results. Analytical dependences of the aerodynamics of the ascending cyclone vortex have been obtained, which showed that the ascending vortex has a complex structure and the cyclone is an artificially created spiral structure, akin to such a natural phenomenon as a tornado. The obtained mathematical model was fully confirmed by experimental studies. Conclusions. The studies carried out show that the ascending vortex in the cyclone has a structure consisting of two zones. In the first zone (core), the force of the radial pressure gradient exceeds the centrifugal force, and the dust rushes towards the cyclone axis. In the second, the centrifugal force exceeds the force of the pressure gradient, and the dust is thrown to the periphery. The obtained theoretical model will make it possible to reasonably choose methods for more rational use of the expended energy and increasing the efficiency of cyclones.

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Krumme, U., H. Keuthen, U. Saint-Paul, and W. Villwock. "Contribution to the feeding ecology of the banded puffer fish Colomesus psittacus (Tetraodontidae) in north Brazilian mangrove creeks." Brazilian Journal of Biology 67, no. 3 (August 2007): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842007000300002.

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Stomach contents were examined from 102 banded puffer, Colomesus psittacus (Tetraodontidae), caught from intertidal mangrove creeks at diurnal neap tides between June and September, 1997 (early dry season) near Bragança (north Brazil). The study found that C. psittacus were specialized predators of Cirripedia (Balanus spp.) and Brachyuran crabs (Uca spp., Pachygrapsus gracilis) (mean: 58 and 38% by dry weight, respectively), emphasizing a short food chain in the mangrove system. Cirripedia and Brachyura dominated the diet in all size classes, however, the prey spectrum narrowed with fish size. The mean daily consumption of Cirripedia and Brachyura was 6.2% body weight of C. psittacus. On average C. psittacus consumed 100.3 g.ha-1.d-1 of Cirripedia and 178.7 g.ha-1.d-1 of Brachyura (wet weight). The predation on Brachyuran crabs - a significant driver of fluxes of organic matter and energy in the system - provides C. psittacus with an important ecological function in the mangrove food web. A plant-animal interaction is proposed where C. psittacus exerts a mutually beneficial cleaning function on the Aufwuchs (Cirripedia and associated epibiota) of Rhizophora mangle stilt roots. Our results and those of other studies suggest that C. psittacus encounter optimum foraging conditions in the mangrove at high inundations at daylight (spring tide-day) whereas darkness and low inundations are linked to poor foraging conditions (neap tide-night). The C. psittacus resource could be used as an alternative income in the region in terms of i) sustainable catch and filet processing for exports to East Asia, ii) developing certified aquaculture methods for breeding puffers for the aquarium trade.

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Haidar, Zeyad A., Mamdooh Al-Saud, Jamel Orfi, and Hany Al-Ansary. "Reverse Osmosis Desalination Plants Energy Consumption Management and Optimization for Improving Power Systems Voltage Stability with PV Generation Resources." Energies 14, no. 22 (November 18, 2021): 7739. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14227739.

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This paper studies energy consumption management of seawater Reverse Osmosis (RO) desalination plants to maintain and enhance the Voltage Stability (VS) of Power Systems (PS) with Photovoltaic (PV) plant integration. We proposed a voltage-based management algorithm to determine the maximum power consumption for RO plants. The algorithm uses power flow study to determine the RO plant power consumption allowed within the voltage-permissible limits, considering the RO process constraints in order to maintain the desired fresh water supply. Three cases were studied for the proposed RO plant: typical operation with constant power consumption, controlled operation using ON/OFF scheduling of the High-Pressure Pumps (HPPs) and controlled operation using Variable Frequency Drive (VFD) control. A modified IEEE 30-bus system with a variable load was used as a case study with integration of three PV plants of 75 MWp total power capacity. The adopted 33.33 MW RO plant has a maximum capacity of 200,000 m3/day of fresh water production. The results reveal that while typical operation of RO plants can lead to voltage violation, applying the proposed load management algorithm can maintain the vs. of the PS. The total transmission power loss and power lines loading were also reduced. However, the study shows that applying VFD control is better than using ON/OFF control because the latter involves frequent starting up/shutting down the RO trains, which consequently requires flushing and cleaning procedures. Moreover, the specific energy consumption (SEC) and RO plant recover ratio decreases proportionally to the VFD output. Furthermore, the power consumption of the RO plant was optimized using the PSO technique to avoid unnecessary restriction of RO plant operation and water shortage likelihood.

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Shaikh, Mohd Bilal Naim, and Mohammed Ali. "Turning of steels under various cooling and lubrication techniques: a review of literature, sustainability aspects, and future scope." Engineering Research Express 3, no. 4 (November 17, 2021): 042001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2631-8695/ac2e10.

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Abstract In this review work, various conventional cutting fluids and their application methods have been discussed, which serve different functions such as cooling, lubrication, cleaning, and corrosion protection during the machining process. According to the available research, issues associated with the conventional ones have beenidentified concerning sustainability metrics, i.e., economic, environmental, and social dimensions. These issues necessitated shifting toward sustainable alternatives. All such alternatives have been reviewed thoroughly, which are presently practiced in the machining of steels as a workpiece. It can be concluded that these sustainable methods, i.e., dry cutting, minimum quantity cooling and lubrication, cryogenic lubricant, gas-based coolant, solid lubricant, etc, provide better machinability performance as compared to conventional ones. However, there is a need oftrade-off analysis between cost-effectiveness and sustainability for various combinations of cutting fluids and their application methods. The last section summarizes the review study and recommends prospects based on the demands and challenges ahead. Further, it can be concluded that knowledge of the cutting fluid types and their application methods with detailed efficiency and energy consumption models are critically important to make them commercially viable.

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Pereira, Gislaine Silva, and Eduardo David. "AVALIAÇÃO DE PARÂMETROS ENERGÉTICOS EM ESTÁBULO LEITEIRO NO NOROESTE DO PARANÁ." ENERGIA NA AGRICULTURA 32, no. 3 (December 20, 2017): 237. http://dx.doi.org/10.17224/energagric.2017v32n3p237-242.

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O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar o comportamento das variáveis elétricas consumo, demanda, fator de potência e determinar o consumo específico de energia elétrica por litro de leite produzido no processo produtivo de um estábulo leiteiro no noroeste do estado do Paraná. A edificação em questão está localizada em zona rural do município de Rondon, tendo como principal atividade a produção de leite. A limpeza do sistema de ordenha mecânica é efetuada duas vezes ao dia com o uso de água aquecida por resistência de imersão. A retirada do leite do tanque é efetuada em intervalos de dois dias, sendo este encaminhado para o laticínio. A coleta dos dados de energia elétrica foi realizada com a utilização de um analisador de energia portátil, modelo RE4000 da Embrasul. Foram mensurados valores de consumo, demanda e fator de potência de energia elétrica (valores integralizados em intervalos de 15 min), em três períodos de coletas, sendo estes T100, T50 e T0, que correspondem respectivamente ao uso da resistência de imersão no processo de aquecimento de água para limpeza do sistema de ordenha nas duas ordenhas diárias (T100); em apenas uma ordenha (T50) e em nenhuma delas (T0). Foram determinados valores de consumo específico de energia por litro de leite produzido em cada tratamento. Verificou-se a homocedasticidade dos dados e posteriormente foi efetuado o teste de Scott-Knott (5%) para comparação de médias entre os tratamentos. Pode-se observar que a não utilização da resistência de imersão no aquecimento de água diminuiu significativamente os valores das variáveis elétricas no processo produtivo, o que pode vir a influenciar nos custos de produção do estábulo leiteiro. A diminuição dos custos dispendidos do uso de energia elétrica favorece ao produtor maior retorno econômico com a atividade. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: variáveis elétricas, demanda máxima, fator de potência, consumo específico. EVALUATION OF ENERGY PARAMETERS IN MILK STABLE IN NORTHWEST OF PARANAABSTRACT: The objective of this work was to evaluate the consumption, demand, and power factor variables and determine the specific consumption of electric energy per liter of milk produced from dairy cow production process in the northwest of Parana state. The construction in question is located in a rural area of the city of Rondon, with milk production as its main activity. The mechanical milking system is cleaned twice a day by water immersion resistance. The milk is withdrawn from the tank at two-day intervals, which is then sent to the dairy. The electric energy data was collected using a portable energy analyzer, model RE4000 from Embrasul. Consumption, demand, and power factor (values integrated in 15-minute intervals) were measured from three different cleaning treatment: immersion resistance after both milking (T100); immersion resistance after only one milking (T50) and without immersion resistance (T0). Specific values of energy consumption per liter of milk produced in each treatment were determined. The homoscedasticity of the data was evaluated and the Scott-Knott test (5%) was used to compare the treatment means. It was observed that the non-use of cleaning by immersion resistance in water heating significantly decreased the analyzed variables values that may influence the dairy production costs. Energy costs reduction favors the producer greater economic return with the activity.KEYWORDS: energy variables, maximum demand, power factor, specific consumption.

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Ho, Chun-Ling, Yung-Chih Tang, and Wen-Chih Chiu. "The Optimal Performance of the Energy Efficiency of a Pulse Dust Collection System towards Sustainability." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 19, 2021): 10941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210941.

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A growing number of manufacturers are realizing cost and environmental benefits through the sustainability of innovation and optimization processes. Based on polluting less and creating less, the study is pursuing sustainability on increasing operational efficiency by reducing costs and waste. Pulse dust collection systems are commonly used filtration equipment in industries and have lots of energy consumption due to running all day. This study is focused on the optimal parameters for energy saving and cost reduction, and the model is represented by the pressure drop of the filter and the residual powder. The characteristic values of the cleaning efficiency and the air permeability reduction are used for MATLAB to analyze the optimization state. This study found that the material of filter elements, the type of dust, the conditions of pulse-jet, and the filtering speed are the factors that affect the operational efficiency. In terms of cost, the pulse interval time in 10 s is the best parameter, and the pulse time does not affect the overall cost of the filter. Considering energy saving, 0.1 s of the pulse time is the best parameter. In addition, a lower dust concentration is a way to improve efficiency for increasing the filter life and reducing cost.

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Apchel, V. Ya, O. O. Borisova, V. N. Golubev, Yu N. Korolev, and K. V. Romanov. "Assessment of еnergy expenditure and energy intake of the military institute of physical training cadets associated with their academic and professional activities." Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy 20, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 168–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/brmma12292.

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High energy expenditure of daily activity of cadets trained at the Military Institute of Physical Training sets certain demands for cadets’ diet and correspondence of energy and nutrition value of the diet to energy expenditure. Calculated data on energy expenditures of daily routine activities of the Military Institute of Physical Training cadets, energy costs of academic training and sport-related activities are presented. Along with energy expenditure another issue of balance, namely energy intake, is considered. Calculated findings on nutrition and caloric value of a cadets’ food ration and the Military Institute of Physical Training cadets’ diet and energy consumption of cadets are presented. It is shown that cadets’ diet corresponds to average energy expenditure. A comparison of the energy value of the daily ration of cadets and their energy expenditure revealed that the food ration compensates the average energy expenditure. The exceptions are intensive training in the framework of improving athletic skills (2 trainings per day), as well as periods when individual training takes place at the same time with high energy expenditures of a daily routine (for example, snow cleaning). In these cases daily energy expenditure (up to 5000 kcal) was recorded, exceeding the energy cost of food rations and requiring increased energy supply. In addition, the vitamin status of cadets was investigated. No signs of vitamins deficiency in the food ration were revealed. However, in the spring period, a decrease in the content of ascorbic acid in urine is shown in 80% of the subjects.

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Thejani Nilusha, Rathmalgodage, Tuo Wang, Hongyan Wang, Dawei Yu, Junya Zhang, and Yuansong Wei. "Optimization of In Situ Backwashing Frequency for Stable Operation of Anaerobic Ceramic Membrane Bioreactor." Processes 8, no. 5 (May 7, 2020): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8050545.

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The cost-effective and stable operation of an anaerobic ceramic membrane bioreactor (AnCMBR) depends on operational strategies to minimize membrane fouling. A novel strategy for backwashing, filtration and relaxation was optimized for stable operation of a side stream tubular AnCMBR treating domestic wastewater at the ambient temperature. Two in situ backwashing schemes (once a day at 60 s/day, and twice a day at 60 s × 2/day) maintaining 55 min filtration and 5 min relaxation as a constant were compared. A flux level over 70% of the initial membrane flux was stabilized by in situ permeate backwashing irrespective of its frequency. The in situ backwashing by permeate once a day was better for energy saving, stable membrane filtration and less permeate consumption. Ex situ chemical cleaning after 60 days’ operation was carried out using pure water, sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), and citric acid as the order. The dominant cake layer was effectively reduced by in situ backwashing, and the major organic foulants were fulvic acid-like substances and humic acid-like substances. Proteobacteria, Firmucutes, Epsilonbacteria and Bacteroides were the major microbes attached to the ceramic membrane fouling layer which were effectively removed by NaOCl.

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SOLDATOVA, IRINA E. "TECHNOLOGY AND UNITS FOR HAY HARVESTING IN THE MOUNTAINOUS ZONE OF THE CENTRAL CAUCASUS." Agricultural engineering, no. 1 (2022): 17–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/2687-1149-2022-1-17-22.

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In the conditions of the Central Caucasus, hay harvesting on mountain slopes contributes to increasing livestock production. The authors propose using mining modification units for hay harvesting while applying table salt as a preservative to ensure better hay preservation. A set of hay harvesters aggregated with low-clearance tractors is porposed for hillside areas with a slope of up to 15°. The technical capabilities of the selected machines may optimize the harvesting time and reduce the cost of manual labor, ensu re the most negligible loss of harvested feed, and increase its quality and preservation. The tests of this technology were carried out in the mountainous zone of the RSO-Alania (the Dargava basin, the site of SKNIIGPSH) at an altitude of 1540 m above sea level south-eastern exposure with a slope steepness of up to 15°. Experimental studies found that the content of fodder units in compressed hay increased by 32.1%, dry matter by 29.6%, crude protein by 17.3%, fat by 7.4%, fiber by 14.2%, sugar by 17.6%, and metabolic energy by 8.0%. The developed technology, as compared with manual harvesting, can reduce mechanical losses in more than 1.2 times, increase labor productivity in 4…5 times, and reduce the cleaning time in 3 times. At the same time, it was found that the consumption of harvested feed increased by 18.5%, which, together with its higher nutritional value, positively affected the physiological state of animals in the winter-stall period and led to an increase in milk yield by 11.7%.

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Zobova, S. N., A. N. Ostrikov, L. N. Frolova, M. V. Kopylov, and I. S. Bogomolov. "Influence of technological modes on changes in the composition of beet pulp during its processing at the Borinsky sugar plant." Proceedings of the Voronezh State University of Engineering Technologies 83, no. 1 (June 3, 2021): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.20914/2310-1202-2021-1-71-77.

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The description of the technological scheme of the granulation site at the Borinsky sugar plant is given, with an analysis of the work of the main types of technological equipment to identify problem areas of production. It is established that the use of such a promising press as the one of the Babbinni company allows you to get pulp with a humidity of 68-76 %. To dry it in a drum dryer to a humidity of 11–13%, 170 m3 of natural gas is consumed per 1 ton of pulp. The technological process of obtaining granulated beet pulp includes pressing the initial beet pulp with an initial humidity of 85–90% to a humidity of 68–76 %; drying the pressed pulp with a heat carrier at a temperature of 110–140 °C for 90–120 minutes to a final humidity of 11–13 %; cleaning pellets from metal-magnetic impurities; granulating the pulp (the diameter of the pellets is 10 mm); cooling pellets to a temperature of 30–35 °C; fractionation of pellets into large and small fractions; weighing and shipping granulated beet pulp to the warehouse of finished products. The technological modes influence analysis of beet pulp pressing, drying and granulating processes at the Borinsky sugar plant showed the need to introduce a second stage of pressing to further reduce the moisture content in the pressed pulp. Obtaining pressed pulp with a lower moisture content will significantly reduce the energy consumption for moisture evaporation in the drum dryer. Reducing the duration of the heat drying process of pressed beet pulp in a drum dryer will significantly increase the nutritional value of the granulated beet pulp produced.

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Dziok, Tadeusz, and Andrzej Strugała. "Preliminary assessment of the possibility of mercury removal from hard coal with the use of air concentrating tables." Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi 33, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 125–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gospo-2017-0043.

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Abstract Mercury is characterized by highly toxic properties. The natural biogeochemical cycle of mercury occurs in the environment, which results in the fact that even a small amount of mercury emitted to the environment is a potential threat to human health. The process of coal combustion is one of the main sources of anthropogenic mercury emissions. For this reason, on 31 July 2017 the European Commission has adopted the mercury emission standards for large combustion plants. The issue of mercury emissions is particularly important for Poland. Forecasts concerning energy consumption in Poland show that coal will be the main source for energy production in the coming decades. Therefore, actions enabling the reduction of mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants will have to be implemented. The mercury emissions from coal-fired power plants may be reduced through the application of a number of methods. These methods can be divided into two main groups: the post-combustion methods which allow for mercury removal from flue gases, and the pre-combustion methods which allow for mercury removal from coal before its combustion. The effectiveness of mercury removal from coal is determined by the mode of its occurrence in coal. In the case of mercury occurrence in the adventitious inorganic constituents of coal, high effectiveness will be obtained in the coal cleaning processes. In the case of mercury occurrence in the organic matter as well as in the inherent inorganic constituents of coal, the effectiveness of this method will be low. Mercury could be removed from such coals through the process of thermal pretreatment at the temperature of 200-400°C (mild pyrolysis). In the paper, the possibility of mercury removal from hard coal through the process of dry deshaling on an air concentrating table was examined. Six raw coals (coal feed), clean coals and the rejects derived from their dry deshaling were analyzed. The mercury content was measured in the examined samples. The content of mercury in raw coals and clean coals were compared. Additionally, the effectiveness of mercury removal from coal with rejects was determined. For the analyzed coals, the effectiveness of mercury removal from coal in the process of dry deshaling on an air concentrating table ranged from 9 to 96%. This effectiveness is similar to the effectiveness of mercury removal from coal in the processes of coal washing. It should be mentioned that, when compared to the coal washing processes, the dry deshaling process is characterized by lower investment and operating costs. Therefore, the dry deshaling process on an air concentrating table should be considered as a competitive method for the coal washing processes. There is also a possibility of an increase in the mercury removal efficiency from coal in the process of dry deshaling as a result of the thermal pretreatment of clean coal derived from dry deshaling. This solution is only recommended for coals in which mercury occurs in the organic matter as well as in the inorganic constituents characterized by a relatively low temperature of mercury release.It should be emphasized that the dry deshaling process allowed for a decrease of mercury content is not suitable for every coal. Although for five of the analyzed coals the mercury content in clean coal was lower in the range from 11 to 53%, for one coal the mercury content was higher by 19%. The effect of decreasing the mercury content in coal is more evident when it is related to the amount of energy contained in coal (i.e. for example to the lower heating value). For five of the analyzed coals mercury content expressed in such a way decreased in the range from 11 to 53 %, and for one coal the mercury content was, however, higher. Nevertheless, the difference was not very significant (ca. 5%).

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Sjaffriadi, Sjaffriadi, and Budi Nurachman. "GASIFIKASI SEKAM PADI (BIONER-1)." Jurnal Energi dan Lingkungan (Enerlink) 7, no. 1 (June 15, 2011): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/elk.v7i1.2735.

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Indonesia has potential abudant biomass wastes. Annual paddy production in Indonesia is approximately 50 million tons, from which 14 tons of rice husks is produced, assuming that each ton paddy could produce 0.28 tons of rice husks. At its calorific value of 12.5 MJ/kg, the annual potential energy provided by these husks is around 175 GJ. A gasification system using rice husk would normally require 1.5 to 2 kg of rice husks to generate 1 kWh of electricity. Therefore, each ton of rice milled could produce wastes that equals to electricity generation of 150 kWh. Rice husk is about 14 to 28.5% of a rice grain, but mostly has an average value of 25%. A gasification Bioner-1 system is operated 14 hours per day in 366 days per year. This system will drive a rice milling unit for 8 hours per day and produce electricity for villagers for another 6 hours in the evening. At a fuel consumption of 25 kg per hour, the system will require 130 tons of husks that will be provided from rice fields of around 175 ha. Gas (syngas) produced from the gasification will be used for a dual fuel diesel engine system, supplementing diesel fuel. The diesel fuel substituted by the gas could reach about 75-80%. At a consumption rate of 25 kg/hour rice husks in the system, the husks consumption per kWh electricity is 1.5 kg (1.5 kg/kWh) and the efficiency of rice husks conversion is 15%. A small portion of tar could still escape from a gas cleaning system. The tar could be observed during overhoul of the diesel engine. The tar entering into the diesel engine is overcome through switching on the diesel engine for about 10 minutes and flushing using diesel oil right before it is shutted down. Through this method, the tar entering the diesel engine is completely burned. Kata kunci gasification, biomas, rice husk, diesel engine

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Sliusar, Natalia, Stepan Polygalov, Galina Ilinykh Ilinykh, Vladimir Korotaev, Yakov Vaisman, and Nemanja Stanisavljevic. "Seasonal Changes in the Composition and Thermal Properties of Municipal Solid Waste: A Case Study of the City of Perm, Russia." Environmental Research, Engineering and Management 76, no. 2 (July 3, 2020): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5755/j01.erem.76.2.22919.

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The paper presents experimental studies of municipal solid waste (MSW) composition and its thermal properties (moisture and ash content). Measurements were taken to track seasonal changes in the composition of MSW. For example, in spring, the content of organic waste was 17.0% and, in autumn, it reached 31.5% due to considerable consumption of seasonal vegetables and fruits. The share of paper in MSW changed from 21.4% in spring to 9.7% in autumn. More paper in spring is due to discarded student notebooks at the end of a school year, as well as spring household cleaning. These data indicate significant changes in waste composition during the year, which should be taken into account when planning technologies for waste management. Laboratory studies of moisture and ash content by season allowed the range of these changes to be determined. In autumn for instance, the moisture and ash content of organic waste was about 82% and 14%, respectively, while in winter, it was approximately 73% and 22%, respectively. These figures can be explained by the organic waste origin: autumn organic waste often comes from fruit pulp and, for example, watermelon peels, and winter organic waste tends to consist mostly of dry vegetable peels such as potato peelings. The low calorific value of certain components is based on their composition and the level of moisture and ash in different seasons. Therefore, it is important to take into account the moisture and ash content of individual components, not average values, in order to calculate the waste calorific value. MSW thermal characteristics change significantly over the seasons: the MSW moisture content is the highest in autumn (about 49%) and the lowest in winter (32%). The ash content in MSW ranges from 20% in spring and autumn to 27% in summer. The lowest calorific value per working mass in different seasons varies from 7 to 10 MJ/kg, which must be taken into consideration when developing waste management systems in general and when designing specific energy recovery facilities.

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Çicek, T. "Dry Cleaning of Turkish Coal." Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects 30, no. 7 (March 3, 2008): 593–605. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15459620600826449.

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Kübler, Frank, Thomas H. J. Uhlemann, Justus Dill, and Rolf Steinhilper. "Energy Efficiency and Productivity Optimization of Industrial Cleaning Equipment." Applied Mechanics and Materials 805 (November 2015): 265–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.805.265.

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Advanced cleanliness requirements in production are forcing industrial companies to include new cleaning processes into their manufacturing process. Complex cleaning operation procedures can lower process productivity and at the same time are responsible for substantial parts of the overall energy consumption. An optimization of cleaning processes with respect to cleaning duration, energy consumption and efficiency can therefore contribute to cost reduction significantly. This article presents a procedure for real data based assessment of industrial cleaning equipment. Based upon the resulting information of the procedure, productivity ratios and energy consumptions can be determined up to individual cleaning components. This creates the required transparency to derive customized production and energy efficiency optimization measures.

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Bazaluk, Oleg, Marina Postnikova, Serhii Halko, Serhii Kvitka, Evgeniy Mikhailov, Oleksandr Kovalov, Olena Suprun, Oleksandr Miroshnyk, and Vitalii Nitsenko. "Energy Saving in Electromechanical Grain Cleaning Systems." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1418. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031418.

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The article is concerned with energy conservation in the process of cleaning grain. The study aimed to find ways of reducing energy consumption when cleaning food grains by using energy-saving operating modes (ESOM) on the production lines of grain storage facilities. For this purpose, experimental tests were performed which involved studying the effects of physical and chemical properties of grain as well as the influence of various operating modes of the production lines on the specific energy consumption (SEC), which was found to be the most informative indicator for determining ESOM. The mathematical description of the target function was carried out by conducting a multifactorial experiment with the application of the orthogonal central composite design (OCCD) of the second order. Calculations produced a number of mathematical models describing the dependence of the response function on the input parameters. The proposed approach made it possible to obtain the minimum SEC for cleaning food grains and to develop practical recommendations for ways to reduce energy consumption, which resulted in the development of scientifically based SEC standards for a grain cleaning machine.

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Matveev, V. Yu. "Reduced cleaning costs." Sel'skohozjajstvennaja tehnika: obsluzhivanie i remont (Agricultural Machinery: Service and Repair), no. 5 (May 1, 2020): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33920/sel-10-2005-07.

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The paper deals with the creation of energy-efficient dual-circuit flushing system based mobile-electric device with active working bodies. Application of the system allows to divide the flushing process and the milk milking apparatus that provides effective washing hydromechanical cleaning milking machines and the milk mobile device with a minimum amount of cleaning solution. The proposed system reduces the duration of washing detergent and consumption of energy by 50 %.

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Postnikova, Marina, Evgeniy Mikhailov, Serhii Kvitka, Serhii Kurashkin, Oleksandr Kovalov, Viktoriia Opalko, Aleksandr Semenov, Vitaliy Kucher, and Zbigniew Kowalczyk. "The Grain Cleaning Production Lines’ Energysaving Operation Modes of Electromechanical Systems." Agricultural Engineering 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/agriceng-2022-0005.

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Abstract The research was aimed at reducing the power consumption for grain cleaning by using energy-saving modes in the electromechanical systems of grain cleaning units. Specific consumption of active energy per production unit was adopted as a criterion for assessing energy-saving operation modes. The applied method of mathematical experiment planning (MEP) reduced the number of experiments to a minimum to obtain a reliable mathematical model of the research object. To determine the optimal specific power consumption, a theoretical method was developed to rebuild the mathematical model. Thus, the minimum specific power consumption of grain cleaning production lines was obtained, which allowed developing science-based rates of power usage that allow energy savings up to 8-10%.

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Haibin, Li, Luo Zhenfu, Zhao Yuemin, Wu Wanchang, Zhang Cuiyu, and Dai Ningning. "Cleaning of South African coal using a compound dry cleaning apparatus." Mining Science and Technology (China) 21, no. 1 (January 2011): 117–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mstc.2010.12.019.

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Knoth, G., D. Jackson, and N. Sorbo. "Automated CO2 Composite Spray Cleaning System for HDD Rework Parts." Journal of the IEST 52, no. 1 (April 1, 2009): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.52.1.8u25474r4w871265.

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Many advanced assemblies require high-volume and cost-effective selective cleaning during various stages of assembly or rework operations. Due to component compatibility problems and drying challenges, partially assembled devices cannot be immersed in or sprayed with aqueous cleaners or solvents. Newer dry cleaning techniques such as carbon dioxide (CO2) aerosol spray cleaning processes (snow cleaning) have proven to be challenging to implement in automated high-volume manufacturing operations. Issues associated with conventional snow cleaning include high costs of operation, lack of process consistency, ineffective controls, and the requirements for a supply of high-purity liquid CO2. Advanced CO2 composite spray [CO2(solid)-compressed dry air (CDA)(gas)] cleaning is an effective alternative to traditional spray and immersion cleaning processes and to conventional snow cleaning for selectively removing contaminants and films from partially assembled hard disk drive (HDD) components during the remanufacturing or rework process. CO2 consumption is reduced using a composite spray, while spray cleaning control and performance is improved. CO2 composite spray cleaning performance is dependent on the position, speed, and motions of the spray applicator, which are matched to comply with HDD factory output. Stored spray cleaning programs deliver precise cleaning seven days a week, 24 hours per day, with uptimes exceeding 99.9% over a 6-month period. Monitoring and controlling composite spray cleaning process parameters including spray pressure and composition, scanning speed, and pallet/part identification are done automatically. Operator interaction is limited to loading and unloading pallets for continuous system operation.

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Sharipov, Kakhramon, and Jurabek Bozorov. "Key factors reducing energy consumption in gas supply." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 839, no. 4 (September 1, 2021): 042083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/839/4/042083.

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Abstract The article covers the key factor reducing energy consumption in gas-transport systems of Republic of Uzbekistan when transporting natural gas, increasing the efficiency of gas pipelines during operation and rational using of energy costs, solving a number of environmental problems by effectively cleaning the internal cavity of gas pipelines from various contaminants.

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Bazaluk, Oleg, Marina Postnikova, Serhii Halko, Evgeniy Mikhailov, Oleksandr Kovalov, Olena Suprun, Oleksandr Miroshnyk, and Vitalii Nitsenko. "Improving Energy Efficiency of Grain Cleaning Technology." Applied Sciences 12, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 5190. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12105190.

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The relevance of the research topic was substantiated, and the purpose and objectives of the study were formulated. It was determined that the energy efficiency of the grain cleaning process can be evaluated only when all the machines operate in a single production line and are coordinated in productivity. Research on energy savings and energy efficiency in the technological process of post-harvest grain treatment using grain cleaning units by implementing the method of mathematical experiment planning (MEP) was conducted. The method is based on transforming the initial mathematical models of various research objects into a model in the form of regression equations convenient for solving the problems of research, analysis and optimization of the object. For the first time, the mathematical description of the target function was performed by conducting a multifactorial experiment based on second-order design. The research produced adequate second-order regression equations, making it possible to determine the minimum specific consumption of electricity for the technological process of post-harvest grain treatment at grain cleaning facilities, while complying with the agrotechnical requirements for the quality of the cleaned grain. The problem of optimization of the research object was solved by mathematical transformations, which enabled obtaining graphical and analytical interpretations of the optimum area. For this purpose, the canonical transformation of the mathematical model and the method of two-dimensional cross-sections of the response surface were used. Research has led to the development of scientifically based standards of specific electricity consumption for grain cleaning processing schemes, which serve as criteria for evaluating energy savings in the technological processes.

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Piepiórka-Stepuk, Joanna, Jarosław Diakun, and Marek Jakubowski. "The Parameters of Cleaning a CIP System Affected Energy Consumption and Cleaning Efficiency of the Plate Heat Exchanger." Chemical and Process Engineering 38, no. 1 (March 1, 2017): 111–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cpe-2017-0009.

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Abstract This paper presents a study on the effect of cleaning factors on the energy consumption of the cleaning process in a CIP system, and the correlation between single components of electricity necessary to perform this process and the cleanliness degree obtained. Studies were carried out in a laboratory cleaning station, wherein a plate heat exchanger contaminated with hot milk was included. The research program was developed according to a 5-level statistical plan. Based on the results, obtained with Experiment Planner 1.0, a regression function of energy requirement considering variables such as: cleaning time, temperature and flow rate of the cleaning liquid via the cleaned exchanger has been developed. Describing this relationship, linear and quadratic functions with double interactions were used. Significance level for the analysis was established at α = 0.05. Correlation analysis between components of the electricity necessary to perform the cleaning process (pump drive and heating of the cleaning agent) and the resulting degree of cleaning of heat exchanger plates was performed.

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Ramm, J., E. Beck, Alex Dommann, Ignaz Eisele, D. Krüger, and G. Lippert. "Dry Cleaning of Silicon Wafers in a Low Energy Hydrogen Plasma." Solid State Phenomena 32-33 (December 1993): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.32-33.111.

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Hong, Yang, Peng Can, Yang Xiaona, and Li Ruixue. "Does change of industrial structure affect energy consumption structure: A study based on the perspective of energy grade calculation." Energy Exploration & Exploitation 37, no. 1 (June 20, 2018): 579–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0144598718784032.

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In this article, the grades of different kinds of energy sources are distinguished. Thus, we put forward an equivalent electric calculation method, which is compliant with the calculation of various energy resources that have different grades. Based on this aspect, we empirically analyzed the influence of industrial structure changing on energy consumption structure by analyzing panel data in 30 provinces of China from 2003 to 2013. Results showed that the calculated results of equivalent electric calculation method were more accurate because it considered the difference in grades between various energy sources. Industrial structure changing had a significant impact on energy consumption structure. The upgrading and rationalization of the industrial structure had a significant promotion on energy structure cleaning. In addition, technological progress was conducive to the clean development of energy structure, the decrease in energy price boosted energy structure cleaning, and the impact of economic level on energy consumption structure was not significant.

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Yu, Tian Xiang, Wen Yuan Zhou, Tian Lan Yu, De Qi Peng, and Lei Ye. "Design of an Automatic Cleaning Energy-Saving Technology for Manganese Sulfate Continuous Production Crystallizer." Applied Mechanics and Materials 331 (July 2013): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.331.52.

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To deal with the high energy consumption of the batch-type single-effect evaporator for Manganese sulfate production, a vibrating-spiral fluidized automatic cleaning technology was developed for continuous crystallizer production. The proposed method is presented followed by validation through a heat transfer coefficient comparison experiment. The result has shown that the proposed method has strong capability of automatic cleaning of crystalline scale. When the flow velocity in tubes is 0.80 m/s and the heat transfer temperature difference is 17°C, the overall heat transfer coefficient can reach 90% of that of clean tubes without spiral-fluidization. Furthermore, it is ideal to keep the volumetric concentration of fluidization particles at 1% and the automatic cleaning capability is almost directly proportional to the flow velocity. The automatic-cleaning continuous-production crystallizer technology can effectively replace the atmospheric-pressure single-effect evaporator and reduce the energy consumption by 95%. Comparing to the three-effect evaporator, the proposed method can save energy up to 88%.

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van der Donck, Jacques C. J., Jurrian Bakker, Jeroen A. Smeltink, Robin B. J. Kolderweij, Ben C. M. B. van der Zon, and Marc H. van Kleef. "Physical Chemistry of Water Droplets in Wafer Cleaning with Low Water Use." Solid State Phenomena 219 (September 2014): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.219.134.

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Reduction of water and energy consumption is of importance for keeping viable industry in Europe. In 2012 the Eniac project Silver was started in order to reduce water and energy consumption in the semiconductor industry by 10% [1]. Cleaning of wafers is one of the key process steps that require a high volume of Ultra-Pure Water (UPW). For the production of a single wafer more than 120 cleaning steps may be required [2]. Furthermore, the reduction of the feature size makes devices more vulnerable to damage by mechanical action. This trend gives rise to the need for new, gentler cleaning processes.

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Ouyang, J., P. Mativenga, N. Goffin, W. Liu, Z. Liu, N. Mirhosseini, L. Jones, E. Woolley, and L. Li. "Energy consumption and performance optimisation of laser cleaning for coating removal." CIRP Journal of Manufacturing Science and Technology 37 (May 2022): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cirpj.2022.02.001.

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Sap’yan, Yu N., V. A. Kolos, M. I. Suleymanov, and E. N. Kabakova. "Assessing and Reducing Energy Consumption of Grain Cleaning and Drying Equipment." Agricultural Machinery and Technologies 13, no. 5 (December 17, 2019): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.22314/2073-7599-2019-13-5-51-55.

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Sivanantham, Vinu, Anh Vu Le, Yuyao Shi, Mohan Rajesh Elara, and Bing J. Sheu. "Adaptive Floor Cleaning Strategy by Human Density Surveillance Mapping with a Reconfigurable Multi-Purpose Service Robot." Sensors 21, no. 9 (April 23, 2021): 2965. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21092965.

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Professional cleaning and safe social distance monitoring are often considered as demanding, time-consuming, repetitive, and labor-intensive tasks with the risk of getting exposed to the virus. Safe social distance monitoring and cleaning are emerging problems solved through robotics solutions. This research aims to develop a safe social distance surveillance system on an intra-reconfigurable robot with a multi-robot cleaning system for large population environments, like office buildings, hospitals, or shopping malls. We propose an adaptive multi-robot cleaning strategy based on zig-zag-based coverage path planning that works in synergy with the human interaction heat map generated by safe social distance monitoring systems. We further validate the proposed adaptive velocity model’s efficiency for the multi-robot cleaning systems regarding time consumption and energy saved. The proposed method using sigmoid-based non-linear function has shown superior performance with 14.1 percent faster and energy consumption of 11.8 percent less than conventional cleaning methods.

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Wu, Lingyan, Aini Yang, Chi Ma, Jun He, Lejun Yu, Bo Sun, Tianxing Ma, Ruifen Dou, Jiacai Nie, and Changmin Xiong. "Comparative study on laser cleaning SiO₂ particle on SrTiO₃ and Si surfaces." AIP Advances 12, no. 5 (May 1, 2022): 055213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0080911.

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In this paper, we perform a comparative study, both experimentally and theoretically, on the dry laser cleaning SiO2 particles on the surface of SrTiO3 (STO) and Si single crystal substrates. Firstly, the dependences of the cleaning efficiency on the laser energy density, the pulse number, and the size of SiO2 particles was investigated experimentally. It is found that the laser cleaning threshold decreases with the increase of SiO2 particle size. Furthermore, for the same size of SiO2 particles, the laser cleaning threshold of the STO surface is larger than that of Si. Then, based on the analysis of the interactions among the light field, the particles, and the substrate material, a corrected thermal expansion model with a quantified field enhancement effect was proposed, which provides a good simulation of the dependence of the laser cleaning threshold on the particle size and the substrate. These results further deepen our understanding of the laser dry cleaning, particularly the cleaning process on the oxide surface.

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Huda, Hairul, Renanto Handogo, Totok Ruki Biyanto, Wei Wu, and Vincentius Surya Kurnia Adi. "Oil Refinery Heat Exchanger Network Cleaning Scheduling Strategy with Unit Cleanability Consideration." ASEAN Journal of Chemical Engineering 20, no. 1 (June 29, 2020): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ajche.51880.

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Heat exchanger networks (HENs) play an important role in the chemical industries. Unfortunately, fouling is inevitable in heat exchangers operation. Therefore, the optimal cleaning procedure is required to restore heat exchangers' performance periodically. A systematic cleaning scheduling strategy for the heat exchanger network in an oil refinery is proposed in this work. There are 11 operating heat exchangers in an oil refinery to be reviewed. Different cleaning decision scenarios based on the overall heat transfer coefficient are explored for optimal cleaning schedule performance. The daily number of exchangers available to be cleaned i.e., the unit cleanability, is investigated while minimizing the energy consumption and the additional heat requirement due to the offline heat exchanger under cleaning procedure. The HEN performance and the energy-saving from the cleaning procedures are benchmarked with the uncleaned HEN. The results indicate that the cleaning procedure significantly increases the HEN performance and simultaneously reduces the heat requirement if compared to the untreated HEN benchmark. The possible conflicting situation is discussed when some heat exchangers are waiting to be cleaned due to the unit cleanability restriction, which allows the overall heat transfer coefficient to be below the allowed limit. Therefore, nonconflicting cleaning scheduling is also addressed in this work by relaxing the unit cleanability limit. Furthermore, the optimal cleaning schedule is also suggested for user reference. In this work, the optimum cleaning schedule with minimum energy consumption and maximum energy saving could be achieved when cleaning decision limit is set at 40% decrease of overall heat transfer coefficient. In the contrast, the lowest number of cleaning procedures is associated with 90% decrease in the overall heat transfer coefficient as the cleaning decision limit.

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dos Santos Penteado Soares, Caio César, Fábio Makoto Okuno, Daniel Garbellini Duft, Danilo José Carvalho, Julia Morandi, Paulo César Guizelini Júnior, Carlos Roberto Trez, Paulo Eduardo Mantelatto, and Manoel Regis Lima Verde Leal. "Commercial Sugarcane Dry Cleaning Systems in Brazil: Progress and Challenges." BioEnergy Research 12, no. 4 (August 13, 2019): 920–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12155-019-10026-5.

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Omelyanyuk, Maxim, Irina Pakhlyan, Nikolay Bukharin, and Mouhammad El Hassan. "Reduction of Energy Consumption for Water Wells Rehabilitation. Technology Optimization." Fluids 6, no. 12 (December 9, 2021): 444. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fluids6120444.

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Groundwater wells are widely used in the energy sector, including for drinking water supplies and as water source wells in the oil and gas industry to increase production of natural gas and petroleum. Water well clogging, which can happen to any well for various reasons, is a serious problem that can lead to increased power costs due to a higher head to the pump, a reduction in the flow rate and various drawdown issues. If rehabilitation procedures do not take place in time, this can result in permanent loss of the well, and a new well must be drilled, which is not a sustainable approach. Rehabilitation methods for water wells usually include mechanical and chemical treatments, and even though these methods are well established and have been used for many years we can still observe many abandoned wells which could be rehabilitated. In this study, sets of cavitation generators are developed and used in combination with common conic hydrodynamic nozzles. This combination reduces the pressure in the system and makes the cleaning setup much lighter and more mobile. The designed nozzles were successfully used in hydrodynamic cleaning of four water wells.

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G. G. Zhabalova, О. N. Onishchenko, S. N. Кamarova, and О. N. Lelikova. ""RECONSTRUCTION OF THE ASH AND SLAG REMOVAL SYSTEM IN CHP-2 OF JSC «ARSELORMITTAL TEMIRTAU»"." Bulletin of Toraighyrov University. Energetics series, no. 3.2022 (September 30, 2022): 293–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.48081/xgxz5770.

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"This article discusses the modernization of the ash and slag removal system at CHPP-2 of JSC «ArcelorMittal Temirtau», the transition from the wet method of cleaning ash and slag to a more technologically advanced dry one. The long-term use of the hydraulic ash and slag removal system (GZSHU) has led to the accumulation of a huge amount of ash, which is subsequently not used. A comprehensive replacement of wet cleaning equipment for dry cleaning is considered. The wet method offers quenching with water (in this case, up to 1 % of the thermal efficiency of the TP-81 boiler unit is lost), followed by the use of drag pumps and the removal of ash and slag through the hydraulic ash removal channels to the ash dump. In the future, this ash cannot be used. During dry ash and slag removal, extinguishing with water is not used, but a pneumatic system for removing combustion products is used. Ash from gas cleaning plants through a system of pneumatic chamber pumps and intermediate hoppers is fed through ash pipelines to a silo warehouse. The use of this technology allows minimizing the harmful impact on the environment by reducing groundwater pollution with pulp, reducing the area of ash dumps, reducing water consumption by the station, using ordinary types of steel in pipeline systems, and reducing the cost of equipment maintenance. Keywords: boiler, slag, ash and slag removal, dust preparation, hydraulic ash removal, fuel, coal, ash."

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Liu, M. F., L. A. Goonewardene, D. R. C. Bailey, J. A. Basarab, R. A. Kemp, P. F. Arthur, E. K. Okine, and M. Makarechian. "A study on the variation of feed efficiency in station tested beef bulls." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 80, no. 3 (September 1, 2000): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/a99-030.

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The records of 282 young beef bulls from eight breeds tested from November 1981 to April 1987 at the Ellerslie Bull Test Station, Alberta, Canada, were used to study the variation in feed efficiency among young performance-tested bulls. Considerable variation existed among the animals in both residual metabolizable energy consumption and residual dry matter consumption. The heritability estimates for residual metabolizable energy consumption and residual dry matter consumption were 0.33 and 0.29, respectively. In addition, residual metabolizable energy consumption and residual dry matter consumption were moderately correlated (r = 0.43) with conventional feed-to-gain ratio, indicating that conventional feed-to-gain ratio only accounted for 18% of the variation in residual metabolizable energy consumption or residual dry matter consumption. It was, therefore, worthwhile to use residual metabolizable energy consumption or residual dry matter consumption as separate measures of feed efficiency. For rapid improvement in feed efficiency in beef cattle, selection pressure should be applied to both growth traits and residual energy consumption or residual dry matter consumption. Multi-trait optimum restricted selection indices and similar selection procedures may serve as useful means in balanced selection programs to improve the productivity of beef cattle. Key words: Feed efficiency, residual ME consumption, beef bulls

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Zeng, Y., and E. Forssberg. "Energy consumption in fine crushing and dry rod grinding." Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration 9, no. 2 (May 1992): 69–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03402973.

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Yi, Shengxian, Zhongjiong Yang, Liqiang Zhou, and Gaofeng Zhang. "The Effect of Brush Plate Structure and Operating Parameters on the Energy Consumption of Electrolytic Cells." Processes 9, no. 12 (December 3, 2021): 2186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9122186.

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The nickel powder brush plate is a core component of the direct contact between the cleaning machine and cathode plate of an electrolyzer, and its movement in the electrolytic cell will affect the energy consumption of the electrolyzer. In order to optimize the structure of the brush plate, a cleaning trolley brush plate was taken as the research object, a mathematical model of its electrolyzer was established, and the reliability was subsequently verified. The influence of the structural and operating parameters of the brush plate on the energy consumption of the electrolytic cell was studied. The research results show that additional energy consumption is the lowest in the process of cleaning a return grooved brush plate. Brush plates with a large slotting area have less impact on the energy consumption of the electrolyzer. The slotting method, where the anodes are arranged directly opposite each other and relatively concentrated, can be adapted to render a more uniform current density distribution on the anode surface, with lower energy consumption and less variation in voltage and current. With the increasing number of slots from one to three, the current density distribution on the anode surface became more uniform, with a reduction in the variation range of the slot voltage and current in the branch where the cathode plate was cleaned and a decreased energy consumption. With the linear increase in brush cleaning speed, the impact time of the brush plate on the electrolyzer decreased nonlinearly, and as the extent of this decrease gradually diminished, the additional energy consumption showed the same trend. These research results were then used as a basis for optimizing the existing commonly used empirical C-brush plates. Following optimization, the current density distribution on the anode surface was found to be more uniform, the variation amplitude of tank voltage was reduced by 34%, the current drop amplitude of the branch circuit where the brushed cathode plate was located was reduced by 39%, the impact time on the current field of the electrolytic tank was reduced by 40%, and the additional energy consumption was reduced by 50.9%. These results can be served as a reference for further theoretical research related to brush plates.

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Zhou, Kan, Shuguang Sang, Chengyu Wang, and Yihua Zhou. "Principle, application and development trend of laser cleaning." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2383, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012075. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2383/1/012075.

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Many areas of industrial production are inseparable from cleaning technology, and traditional cleaning technology is increasingly unable to meet the requirements of modern industry. Laser cleaning technology is a new cleaning technology with high efficiency and no chemical pollution. It has the characteristics of non-contact, environmental protection, high efficiency, flexibility, energy saving and wide application range. Compared with mechanical friction cleaning, chemical corrosion cleaning, ultrasonic cleaning, dry ice cleaning and other technologies, it has obvious advantages. At present, laser cleaning technology has been widely used in the fields of aerospace body paint removal, cultural relics sample cleaning, mold and mechanical parts product cleaning, mainly used for paint treatment, rust removal, oil removal and particles. This paper discusses the development trend of laser cleaning technology compared with the traditional laser cleaning technology.

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Hua, Hong Yan, and Zhen Zhang. "Study of the Pollution Cleaning Technology on Water Systems of Floor Heating Central Air Conditioning with Environmental Materials." Advanced Materials Research 600 (November 2012): 92–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.600.92.

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Energy saving of floor heating air-conditioning system in buildings becomes a key and hot topic in energy saving area when the energy crisis puts the whole world in a seriously hard position. Cleaning water system of central air conditioning will reduce energy consumption, and improve the operating performance and efficiency. In this paper, pollution condition of water system is introduced, the necessity of cleaning water system is analyzed, and the technological process of the water system cleaning for an office building floor heating central air conditioning is discussed.

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Wang, Hao, Hongwen He, Jianwei Li, Yunfei Bai, Yuhua Chang, and Beizhan Yan. "Adaptive MPC Based Real-Time Energy Management Strategy of the Electric Sanitation Vehicles." Applied Sciences 11, no. 2 (January 6, 2021): 498. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11020498.

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Electric sanitation vehicles have increasingly been applied to cleaning work due to the requirement of air pollution control. The power distribution and energy management strategy (EMS) influence the vehicle’s performance a lot both in the aspects of cleaning effect and electricity consumption. Aiming to improve energy economy and ensure clean tasks, first, the electricity consumption percentages of the vehicle onboard devices are analyzed and the main contributors are clarified, and the power requirement model of the working motor is built based on experimental data. Second, a universal modeling method of garbage distribution on the road surface is proposed, which implements a nonlinear autoregressive neural network as the predictor. Third, an adaptive model predictive control (AMPC)-based EMS is proposed and verified. The results show the AMPC method can accurately predict the garbage density and the proposed EMS can approximate the energy consumption of the DP-based EMS with little deviation. Compared to conventional rule-based EMS, the AMPC-based EMS achieved a 15.5% decrease in energy consumption as well as a 14.6% decrease in working time.

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Ban, H., J. Schaefer, and J. D. Stencel. "Particle tribocharging characteristics relating to electrostatic dry coal cleaning." Fuel 72, no. 5 (May 1993): 701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(93)90611-5.

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48

BAN, H., J. SCHAEFER, K. SAITO, and J. STENCEL. "Particle tribocharging characteristics relating to electrostatic dry coal cleaning." Fuel 73, no. 7 (July 1994): 1108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(94)90246-1.

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49

Hayat, Abdullah Aamir, Parasuraman Karthikeyan, Manuel Vega-Heredia, and Mohan Rajesh Elara. "Modeling and Assessing of Self-Reconfigurable Cleaning Robot hTetro Based on Energy Consumption." Energies 12, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 4112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12214112.

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Abstract:

The autonomous floor-cleaning self-reconfigurable robots have entered into the practical stage by establishing enhanced area coverage over the fixed morphology counterparts. Energy consumption during the self-reconfiguration, i.e., changing the shape of the robot from one form to another, becomes a primary focus in these robots that carry finite energy sources. In this paper, hTetro platform with two hinge dissections namely, Left–Left–Left (LLL) and Left–Left–Right (LLR) are modeled and assessed for the energy consumption during the reconfiguration. The geometry of the two dissections, its workspaces, and the set of inverse kinematics solutions for the seven forms are presented. The inverse dynamics using the Newton–Euler approach was adopted to calculate the wrench, i.e., forces and moments at the hinge joints, and subsequently assess the power consumed during the reconfigurations of two hinge dissections in the simulation. Extensive experiments were performed across the two assembled platforms to estimate the power consumption by logging the current data. The comparison was made with the simulation results. The results are particularly useful in the selection of reconfiguration with minimal energy consumption during the floor cleaning.

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TAO, Daniel, Mao-ming FAN, and Xin-kai JIANG. "Dry coal fly ash cleaning using rotary triboelectrostatic separator." Mining Science and Technology (China) 19, no. 5 (September 2009): 642–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1674-5264(09)60119-8.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Dry cleaning Energy consumption'

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